Introduction to TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitoring System) Sensor A Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) sensor is a wireless device installed inside a vehicle’s tire to measure and transmit real-time tire pressure and temperature data to the vehicle’s central control unit. How TPMS Sensors Work The TPMS sensor monitors tire pressure and temperature continuously. When pressure deviates from the target range, it sends a warning signal. The receiver module decodes this signal, identifies the affected tire, and alerts the driver. This alert appears as a warning light or display on the instrument cluster. TPMS sensors use low-frequency or radio frequency communication…
Author: Yvonne
Introduction to Wheel Bearings A wheel bearing is a crucial component that connects the wheel to the vehicle’s suspension system, allowing smooth rotation while supporting radial and axial loads. Its primary function is to facilitate low-friction rotation of the wheel and maintain its alignment with the vehicle’s chassis. Key Components of A Wheel Bearing Working Mechanism of A Wheel Bearing Types of Wheel Bearings Common Issues and Maintenance of A Wheel Bearing Applications of Wheel Bearing Automotive Industry Industrial Machinery Aerospace and Transportation Emerging Applications Application Cases Product/ProjectTechnical OutcomesApplication ScenariosSKF Wheel Bearing with Sensor TechnologyIntegrated sensors enable real-time monitoring of…
Introduction to PBT Plastic (Polybutylene Terephthalate) Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polyester with excellent thermal and chemical resistance, dimensional stability, low moisture absorption, and good electrical and mechanical properties. As a cost-effective engineering material, PBT has found widespread applications in various industries, including electronics, automotive, medical devices, and textiles. Production and Variants of PBT Plastic Production Methods PBT can be produced through polycondensation of 1,4-butanediol (BDO) and terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate. The process involves transesterification, oligomerization, and polycondensation stages. Catalysts like tetraalkyl titanates are commonly used for PBT polymerization. Strict control of intrinsic viscosity (IV) and carboxylic…
Introduction to High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) High impact polystyrene (HIPS) is a rubber-toughened polystyrene material produced by polymerizing styrene in the presence of polybutadiene rubber. Properties of High Impact Polystyrene Production of High Impact Polystyrene Advantages and Limitations of High Impact Polystyrene Advantages of HIPS Limitations of HIPS Applications of High Impact Polystyrene Electrical and Electronics Industry Manufacturers use HIPS, which accounts for 60% of its consumption, for housing and packaging appliances and electronics. Automotive Industry The automotive industry uses HIPS for interior components like instrument panels, door trims, and consoles due to its versatility. Consumer Products Manufacturers use HIPS…
Introduction to ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene) ETFE material is a fluoropolymer copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene, with alternating ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene segments. It offers excellent chemical resistance, high temperature resistance (up to 150°C), outstanding electrical insulation properties, and good mechanical strength. ETFE has a tensile strength of around 50 MPa, nearly twice that of PTFE, making it one of the most resilient fluoroplastics. Properties of ETFE Material Advantages of ETFE Material Manufacturing and Forms of ETFE Material ETFE can be processed using conventional thermoplastic molding methods, such as: The manufacturing forms of ETFE include: Applications of ETFE Material Architectural Applications One…
Introduction to Semiconductor Wafers A semiconductor wafer is a thin slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the base for fabricating integrated circuits (ICs) and other microelectronic devices. Manufacturing Process of Semiconductor Wafer Wafer Production Epitaxial Growth Epitaxial layers, such as silicon-germanium (SixGe1-x) 1 or III-V compound semiconductors like GaAs or InP, are grown on the wafer surface. Device Fabrication Photolithography and etching processes are used to pattern the epitaxial layers and create device structures. Wafer-Level Integration Multiple devices can be fabricated on a single wafer, enabling parallel processing. Properties and Specifications of Semiconductor Wafer Applications of Semiconductor Wafer…
Introduction to StabiliTrak StabiliTrak is a vehicle stability enhancement system designed to assist drivers in maintaining control of their vehicles during difficult driving situations. It is an advanced electronic stability control (ESC) system that integrates various components and technologies to prevent loss of traction and vehicle rollover. How StabiliTrak Works When a potential loss of steering control is detected, the StabiliTrak system intervenes by selectively applying brake force to individual wheels and/or adjusting the drive torque to generate a corrective moment. For instance, in an understeer situation, brake force is applied to the inner rear wheel to induce an oversteer…
Introduction to Crankshaft Components of Crankshaft Manufacturing and Processing Crankshafts undergo various manufacturing processes, including: Working Mechanism of Crankshaft During the power stroke of each cylinder, the piston’s linear motion is transferred through the connecting rod to the crankpin, causing it to rotate around the crankshaft axis. The crank arm converts this eccentric motion into rotational motion of the crankshaft. The main bearing journals support the crankshaft and allow it to rotate smoothly within the engine block. This rotational motion is then transmitted to the output shaft, providing the engine’s torque output. During the other strokes (intake, compression, and exhaust),…
Introduction to Car Axle A car axle is a crucial component that supports the weight of the vehicle and transmits power from the engine to the wheels. It consists of an axle body, wheel hubs, and bearings. The axle body is the central shaft that connects the wheel hubs, while the wheel hubs are attached to the wheels and rotate with them. Bearings are used to support the rotation of the wheel hubs and reduce friction. Components of Car Axle Working Mechanism of Car Axle Types of Car Axles Front Axles: Responsible for steering and supporting the front portion of…
Introduction to NPN Transistor An NPN transistor is a type of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) that consists of two N-type semiconductor regions (emitter and collector) separated by a P-type semiconductor region (base). The emitter-base junction is forward-biased, allowing majority carriers (electrons) to be injected from the emitter into the base region. Working Principle of NPN Transistor The working principle of an NPN transistor can be explained as follows: Operating Modes of NPN Transistor Characteristics of NPN Transistor Applications of NPN Transistor Amplifier Circuits NPN transistors are widely used in amplifier circuits, both analog and digital, to amplify weak signals. They…