CD47 — Global Competitive Landscape Report 2026

This competitive landscape analysis was generated using AI-powered research workflows in Eureka LS, which integrates patent data, literature, and molecular insights into a structured report in minutes.

Executive Summary

CD47 — the “don’t eat me” signal that tumor cells use to evade macrophage phagocytosis — has had the most turbulent clinical decade of any myeloid checkpoint.

Notably, the Patsnap Eureka pharma-intelligence stack returns 200 CD47/SIRPα-targeting drug records, 1,474 CD47-related patents filed since 2023, and 52 ongoing Phase 2/3 trials.

As a result, the headline event was Gilead’s 2024 discontinuation of magrolimab in MDS/AML after the ENHANCE-3 trial showed insufficient benefit and increased mortality — ending a ~$5B strategic bet and resetting the class. The field has since consolidated around bispecific antibodies (65 of 200 records, 33%) and Fc fusion / SIRPα-decoy approaches, with ALX Oncology’s evorpacept, Pfizer/Trillium’s maplirpacept, and a deep bench of Chinese CD47 bispecifics (Akeso ligufalimab, Innovent, I-Mab lemzoparlimab follow-ons) now leading. No CD47 product is approved as of mid-2026.

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Traditionally, compiling this level of analysis would require weeks of manual research across platforms like Google Patents and PubMed. With Eureka LS, the same process can be automated—from extracting molecules to mapping competitive pipelines—into a structured output like the report below.

Arena Overview

Pipeline by Modality

65 bispecific antibodies, 46 conventional monoclonal antibodies, 11 Fc fusion proteins, 9 small molecules, 9 fusion proteins, 8 antibody fusion proteins, 7 broader antibody formats, 5 biological products, plus synthetic peptides and oligonucleotides. Bispecific share of 33% — higher than almost any other immune-checkpoint class — reflects the consensus lesson from magrolimab: CD47 monotherapy is unlikely to be commercially meaningful; the molecule must be paired with a tumor-antigen targeting arm (CD19, CD20, PD-L1, CLDN18.2, HER2) to create a selective phagocytosis signal.

Patent Filing Activity

1,474 CD47-related patents filed since January 2023. Top filers include ALX Oncology, Pfizer (post-Trillium acquisition), Innovent, Akeso, I-Mab, and a growing roster of Chinese antibody specialists. 52 ongoing Phase 2/3 trials reflect a narrower clinical-stage field than the 200 drug records suggest — many programs are preclinical or Phase 1 dose-finding.

Player Summary

Player	Region	Tier	Primary Route	Key Evidence
ALX Oncology	US	T1 (Frontrunner)	SIRPα-Fc fusion decoy	Evorpacept (ALX148) — most advanced Western CD47-axis asset; Phase 2/3 in gastric, HER2+ breast, HNSCC; ASPEN-06 trial
Pfizer / Trillium	US	T1 (Frontrunner)	SIRPα-Fc fusion	Maplirpacept (TTI-622) and TTI-621 acquired via Trillium $2.3B 2021 deal; Phase 1b/2
Akeso	CN	T2 (Challenger)	Anti-CD47 mAb + bispecific	Ligufalimab (AK117); CD47-PD-L1 and CD47-CD20 bispecific follow-ons
Innovent Biologics	CN	T2 (Challenger)	CD47 bispecific	IBI-188 (letaplimab); IBI-322 (CD47-PD-L1 bispecific); Phase 2/3 across multiple tumor types
I-Mab Biopharma	CN	T2 (Challenger)	Anti-CD47 mAb	Lemzoparlimab — AbbVie global license returned 2022; China rights retained for lymphoma/AML
IGM Biosciences	US	T2 (Challenger)	CD47 IgM antibody	Differentiated IgM multivalent format; aims to avoid hematological toxicity seen with magrolimab
Arch Oncology	US	T2 (Challenger)	Anti-CD47 mAb (affinity-tuned)	AO-176 — differentiated binding profile to reduce red blood cell antigen sink
Shattuck Labs	US	T2 (Challenger)	SIRPα-CD40L bispecific fusion	SL-172154 — CD47 blockade combined with CD40 agonism in a single molecule
ImmuneOnco / Biotheus	CN	T3 (Follower)	CD47-PD-L1 bispecific	Timdarpacept, IMM-2505; multiple Chinese bispecific programs
Lyvgen Biopharma	CN	T3 (Follower)	Anti-CD47 antibody	CD47 + CTLA4 and related combinations under development
Boehringer Ingelheim	DE	T3 (Follower)	SIRPα-targeted biologic (BI 765063)	Anti-SIRPα mAb — targets the macrophage side rather than CD47; Phase 1/2 in solid tumors
DotBio / DotBody	SG	T3 (Follower)	Multispecific CD47	Multispecific platform CD47 + tumor antigen candidates
Celgene / BMS (legacy)	US	Watchlist	Anti-CD47 mAb (CC-90002)	Early CD47 mAb — discontinued after Phase 1 hematologic toxicity signals
Beijing Mabworks	CN	Watchlist	Anti-CD47 mAb (MIL-95)	Regional Chinese CD47 mAb program; combination strategies
CStone Pharmaceuticals	CN	Watchlist	CD47-PD-L1 bispecific	CS-2008 and related bispecific candidates

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Route Differentiation Analysis

In particular, Five distinct technology routes define the post-magrolimab CD47 landscape:

Player	Anti-CD47 mAb (mono)	SIRPα-Fc fusion / Decoy	CD47 Bispecific (tumor-antigen paired)	Anti-SIRPα mAb (macrophage-side)	Alternative format (IgM / PROTAC / peptide)
Gilead (discontinued)	Strong — Magrolimab (failed)	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
ALX Oncology	Absent	Strong — Evorpacept lead asset	Emerging	Absent	Absent
Pfizer / Trillium	Absent	Strong — Maplirpacept, TTI-621	Absent	Absent	Absent
Akeso	Moderate — Ligufalimab	Absent	Strong — CD47-PD-L1 platform	Absent	Absent
Innovent	Moderate — IBI-188	Absent	Strong — IBI-322 CD47-PD-L1	Absent	Absent
I-Mab	Moderate — Lemzoparlimab (China)	Absent	Emerging	Absent	Absent
IGM	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Strong — IgM multivalent format
Arch Oncology	Strong — AO-176 affinity-tuned	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
Shattuck	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Strong — SIRPα-CD40L fusion
Boehringer Ingelheim	Absent	Absent	Absent	Strong — BI 765063 anti-SIRPα	Absent
ImmuneOnco / Biotheus	Absent	Moderate	Strong — Timdarpacept + CD47-PD-L1 bispecifics	Absent	Absent
CStone	Absent	Absent	Strong — CD47-PD-L1 bispecifics	Absent	Absent
Mabworks / Lyvgen	Moderate	Absent	Emerging	Absent	Absent

Route Concentration Observations

• Additionally, Anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody monotherapy is broken as a strategy — Magrolimab’s failure exposed the class-wide risk of CD47 antigen sink on red blood cells causing anemia, and of insufficient selectivity for tumor vs. healthy macrophage engagement.
• Meanwhile, SIRPα-Fc fusion decoys are the Western-leader consensus — ALX Oncology’s evorpacept and Pfizer’s maplirpacept occupy this route. The mechanism reduces red-cell binding while preserving tumor phagocytosis, giving a better tolerability profile for combination use.
• In contrast, CD47 bispecifics (tumor-antigen paired) are the Chinese-leader consensus — Akeso, Innovent, ImmuneOnco, CStone, and Biotheus all have CD47-PD-L1 or CD47 + tumor-antigen bispecifics. The design goal is selective phagocytosis triggered only at the tumor.
• Similarly, Anti-SIRPα direction is small but distinct — Boehringer Ingelheim’s BI 765063 targets the macrophage receptor rather than the tumor ligand; potentially avoids red-cell engagement entirely.
• Furthermore, Alternative formats serve niche differentiation — IGM’s multivalent IgM antibody, Shattuck’s SIRPα-CD40L fusion, Arch’s affinity-tuned AO-176 — each attempts to solve a specific biological limitation. Commercial proof-of-concept is pending.

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Top Player Deep Dives

1. ALX Oncology (Tier 1 — Frontrunner)

Primary route: SIRPα-Fc fusion decoy — blocks CD47-SIRPα engagement on phagocytic cells while minimizing red-cell antigen-sink toxicity.

Key pipeline: Specifically, evorpacept (ALX148) — Phase 2/3 in HER2+ gastric cancer (ASPEN-06 trial in combination with trastuzumab), HER2+ breast cancer, head & neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Differentiation: Notably, the most clinically validated Western CD47-axis asset after magrolimab’s discontinuation; combination-first strategy with established targeted therapies (trastuzumab, pembrolizumab).

Recent milestones: In addition, 2025 Q3 corporate update confirmed ASPEN-06 enrollment and EGFR-targeted program advancement.

Trajectory: Moreover, if ASPEN-06 demonstrates benefit in HER2+ gastric cancer, evorpacept becomes the first commercially viable CD47-axis asset.

Key risk: However, single-asset concentration risk; hematology-adjacent populations remain sensitive to any residual red-cell binding even with Fc-null fusion design.

CD47-Axis Clinical-Stage Asset Comparison:

Asset	Format	Lead Indication	Stage	Differentiator
Magrolimab (Gilead — discontinued 2024)	Anti-CD47 IgG4 mAb	MDS/AML (ENHANCE-3)	Discontinued	Anti-priming dose strategy to manage anemia
Evorpacept (ALX Oncology)	SIRPα-Fc fusion (IgG1 Fc silent)	HER2+ gastric (ASPEN-06)	Phase 2/3	Minimized RBC binding via Fc-silent design
Maplirpacept / TTI-622 (Pfizer)	SIRPα-Fc fusion (IgG4)	DLBCL, multiple myeloma	Phase 1b/2	IgG4 Fc; combination with rituximab / daratumumab
TTI-621 (Pfizer)	SIRPα-Fc fusion (IgG1)	Hematologic tumors	Phase 1/2	IgG1 Fc for enhanced effector function
Ligufalimab / AK117 (Akeso)	Anti-CD47 mAb (affinity-tuned)	AML, lymphoma	Phase 2/3 (China)	Reduced RBC binding; combination with PD-1
IBI-188 (Innovent)	Anti-CD47 mAb	Solid tumor combinations	Phase 2	China-first development path
IBI-322 (Innovent)	CD47 × PD-L1 bispecific	Solid tumors	Phase 1/2	Tumor-selective phagocytosis via PD-L1 arm
BI 765063 (Boehringer Ingelheim)	Anti-SIRPα mAb	Solid tumors	Phase 1/2	Targets macrophage receptor; avoids RBC sink
SL-172154 (Shattuck)	SIRPα-CD40L bispecific fusion	Ovarian, AML	Phase 1/2	Combined CD47 block + CD40 agonism
IGM-8444 (IGM Biosciences)	IgM multivalent format	Solid tumors	Phase 1	Multivalent binding avidity; tumor selectivity

2. Pfizer (Tier 1 — Frontrunner)

Primary route: SIRPα-Fc fusion decoys via 2021 Trillium acquisition ($2.3B).

Key pipeline: Specifically, maplirpacept (TTI-622, IgG4 Fc) in DLBCL and multiple myeloma; TTI-621 (IgG1 Fc) in hematologic tumors.

Differentiation: Notably, two Fc variants in parallel clinical development — IgG4 for safety-prioritized combinations (with rituximab, daratumumab), IgG1 for enhanced effector function.

Trajectory: Moreover, phase 1b/2; Pfizer is the only large-pharma player with active post-magrolimab CD47 clinical development.

Key risk: However, pfizer’s broader oncology portfolio reprioritization raises questions about long-term CD47 commitment; returns to Trillium shareholders tied to milestone achievement.

3. Akeso (Tier 2 — Challenger)

Primary route: Anti-CD47 mAb + CD47 bispecific platform.

Key pipeline: Specifically, ligufalimab (AK117) affinity-tuned anti-CD47 mAb in Phase 2/3 for AML and lymphoma in China; follow-on CD47 × PD-L1 and CD47 × CD20 bispecifics.

Differentiation: Notably, akeso’s bispecific platform breadth (same platform that produced ivonescimab PD-1/VEGF bispecific) offers manufacturing scale and design flexibility.

Trajectory: Moreover, china-first development; Western partnership potential if ligufalimab Phase 3 data in AML support ex-China licensing.

Key risk: However, post-magrolimab Western regulatory scrutiny on CD47 hematological toxicity is unusually high; Chinese data alone may not satisfy FDA review.

4. Innovent Biologics (Tier 2 — Challenger)

Primary route: CD47 monospecific + CD47 × PD-L1 bispecific.

Key pipeline: Specifically, IBI-188 (letaplimab) monospecific; IBI-322 (CD47 × PD-L1 bispecific).

Differentiation: Notably, PD-L1 targeting arm creates tumor-selective phagocytosis and leverages existing PD-(L)1 expression biomarker infrastructure for patient selection.

Trajectory: Moreover, phase 2/3 in China across multiple solid tumor types.

Key risk: However, bispecific design choice (ratio of CD47 to PD-L1 binding) is unproven; Phase 2 data will define whether the dual-mechanism thesis holds.

5. I-Mab Biopharma (Tier 2 — Challenger)

Primary route: Anti-CD47 mAb (Lemzoparlimab) — China rights retained after AbbVie global license return in 2022.

Key pipeline: Specifically, lemzoparlimab in Chinese AML and lymphoma development; partnerships for regional indications.

Differentiation: Notably, differentiated epitope binding profile intended to minimize red-cell antigen sink — the same design premise that positioned lemzoparlimab for the AbbVie deal.

Trajectory: Moreover, post-AbbVie return, I-Mab has refocused on China-region commercialization; smaller but more focused program than peak ambition.

Key risk: However, post-AbbVie return has weakened financial runway; development pace depends on regional partnership economics.

6. Boehringer Ingelheim (Tier 3 — Macrophage-Side Differentiator)

Primary route: Anti-SIRPα monoclonal antibody — targets the macrophage-expressed receptor rather than the tumor-expressed ligand.

Key pipeline: Specifically, BI 765063 in Phase 1/2 solid tumor trials, including combinations with ezabenlimab (anti-PD-1).

Differentiation: Notably, SIRPα is expressed primarily on myeloid cells, not red blood cells — sidesteps the hematologic toxicity that has shadowed CD47 mAbs.

Trajectory: Moreover, phase 1/2 data defining the class; small program relative to checkpoint peers.

Key risk: However, SIRPα polymorphism (V1/V2 variants) complicates patient selection; efficacy vs. CD47-side agents still to be demonstrated.

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BD Deals & Strategic Moves

Deal Timeline

Key business development activity shaping the CD47 competitive landscape:

Date	Deal / Event	Parties	Type	Significance
2020-03	Forty Seven acquisition	Gilead ($4.9B)	M&A	Brought magrolimab into Gilead portfolio; largest pre-validation CD47 bet
2020-09	Lemzoparlimab global license	AbbVie + I-Mab (~$2B potential)	License	Validated Chinese CD47 mAb in Western partnership; later returned 2022
2021-08	Trillium Therapeutics acquisition	Pfizer ($2.26B)	M&A	SIRPα-Fc fusion platform; Pfizer’s entry into CD47 axis
2022	AbbVie returns lemzoparlimab	AbbVie + I-Mab	License termination	First major BD reversal in CD47; pre-magrolimab-failure signal
2024	Magrolimab MDS/AML discontinuation	Gilead	Clinical failure	ENHANCE-3 trial insufficient benefit + increased mortality; class-resetting event
2024–2025	ALX ASPEN-06 advancement	ALX Oncology	Clinical milestone	Most advanced Western CD47-axis asset post-magrolimab; defines class path
2023+	1,474 CD47 patent filings	ALX, Pfizer, Akeso, Innovent, ImmuneOnco, and others	Patent / IP	Fence-building continues despite magrolimab failure; bispecific and SIRPα-Fc fusion IP
Ongoing	Chinese bispecific wave	Akeso, Innovent, ImmuneOnco, CStone, Biotheus	Clinical	China-led CD47 bispecific programs now outnumber Western mono-asset programs ~3:1

Strategic Pattern

Overall, cD47 is the most dramatic BD-reversal class in immuno-oncology. Gilead’s $4.9B Forty Seven acquisition ended in discontinuation; AbbVie’s ~$2B lemzoparlimab license returned before pivotal data; only Pfizer’s Trillium deal remains active. The post-failure pattern is smaller bets, platform-centric deals, and regional (China) leadership — Western large pharma has largely exited CD47 ambition; progress is now driven by focused biotechs (ALX, Shattuck, IGM, Arch) and Chinese bispecific developers.

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Unmet Needs & White Spaces

Opportunity Matrix

Notably, three white spaces meet all three criteria — sparse coverage, clear technical value, and a realistic entry path:

White Space	Current Coverage	Technical Value	Entry Path
Tumor-antigen selective CD47 engagement (bispecifics with tumor-specific arm)	Moderate — several CD47-PD-L1 bispecifics (Akeso, Innovent); few CD47 + CLDN18.2 / CD47 + Trop2 / CD47 + CEA	High — restricts phagocytosis signal to tumor, avoids healthy-tissue CD47 sink	CD47 × rare tumor antigen bispecifics; build on existing ADC target validation; differentiation from crowded PD-L1-paired field
SIRPα polymorphism-stratified programs	Sparse — BI 765063 is the only meaningful anti-SIRPα clinical program; no companion diagnostic stratification	High — SIRPα V1/V2 polymorphism affects anti-SIRPα drug binding affinity; biomarker-stratified trials could unlock efficacy	Anti-SIRPα mAbs paired with polymorphism genotyping; smaller trials with cleaner readouts
Hematologic-safe CD47 engagement (IgM, conditional activation, or PROTAC)	Sparse — IGM-8444 (IgM format) and emerging CD47 PROTACs are isolated examples	High — directly addresses the hematological toxicity that sank magrolimab	Multivalent IgM, conditionally active prodrug masks, or PROTAC-mediated degradation of CD47 on tumor cells specifically

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Risks and Strategic Outlook for 2026 and Beyond

Key Risks

1. Class credibility after magrolimab: Notably, the ENHANCE-3 failure created a regulatory and investor overhang for every CD47-axis asset. Phase 3 readouts will face elevated scrutiny on mortality and hematological safety endpoints, not just efficacy.
2. Red-blood-cell antigen sink: Moreover, CD47 is expressed on RBCs at high density. Any asset with meaningful RBC binding creates anemia risk plus drug distribution problems. Differentiated formats (Fc-silent fusion, SIRPα-side, IgM) all attempt to solve this; commercial proof-of-concept is pending.
3. Bispecific design uncertainty: Importantly, 65 bispecific candidates mean extensive design-space exploration. Which arm-pairing, binding ratio, and geometry produces efficacy is unresolved; most programs will likely fail on execution rather than biology.
4. Patent fence density: Additionally, 1,474 CD47 patents filed since 2023 indicate active IP activity. Freedom-to-operate analyses for new entrants are increasingly non-trivial across antibody sequences, bispecific architectures, and combination-use patents.

Strategic Outlook

For strategic planning: the safest near-term bets in CD47 are SIRPα-Fc fusion decoys (ALX evorpacept, Pfizer maplirpacept) with confirmed combination toxicity profile and established trial infrastructure; and tumor-antigen selective bispecifics with non-PD-L1 arm pairings that build on established ADC target biology. However, the highest-upside, highest-risk bets are in alternative-format assets (IGM multivalent, Shattuck bispecific fusion, PROTAC-mediated CD47 degraders) and in SIRPα-side programs with polymorphism-stratified clinical designs. The Chinese bispecific wave is the watchlist signal — if one of the CD47-PD-L1 bispecifics shows a meaningful Phase 2 result, the class’s Western regulatory narrative changes materially.

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