What Is the 4G63 Engine?
The 4G63 is a renowned inline-four-cylinder gasoline engine developed by Mitsubishi Motors. It has been widely used in various Mitsubishi models, particularly in the Lancer Evolution series, known for its high-performance capabilities.
Key Features and Specifications of 4G63 Engine
Features of the 4G63 Engine
The 4G63 engine is a 2.0-liter inline-four gasoline engine developed by Mitsubishi Motors. It features:
- Aluminum Alloy Cylinder Block: The engine block is made of lightweight yet durable aluminum alloy, contributing to its compact size and reduced weight.
- Double Overhead Camshafts (DOHC): The 4G63 employs a DOHC design with four valves per cylinder, allowing for improved breathing and higher power output.
- Turbocharging: Many variants of the 4G63 are turbocharged, significantly increasing power and torque output. The turbocharger is a key feature that sets the 4G63 apart from its naturally aspirated counterparts.
- Multi-Point Fuel Injection: The engine utilizes a multi-point fuel injection system for precise fuel delivery and improved efficiency.
- Forged Steel Crankshaft: The crankshaft is made of high-strength forged steel, allowing it to withstand the increased stresses of turbocharging and high-performance applications.
Specifications of the 4G63 Engine
- Displacement: 1,997 cc (121.9 cu in)
- Bore x Stroke: 85 mm x 88 mm (3.35 in x 3.46 in)
- Compression Ratio: 8.5:1 (turbocharged variants), 10.0:1 (naturally aspirated variants)
- Power Output: Naturally aspirated variants produce around 135-150 hp (101-112 kW), while turbocharged variants can produce up to 300 hp (224 kW) or more with modifications.
- Torque Output: Turbocharged variants can produce up to 300 lb-ft (407 Nm) of torque or more with modifications.
Performance Capabilities of 4G63 Engine
Advanced Cylinder Head Design
- Dual overhead camshafts (DOHC) with four valves per cylinder
- Pentroof combustion chamber design for efficient combustion
- Integrated exhaust manifold for improved exhaust flow
Forced Induction and Turbocharging
- Turbocharged variants equipped with a single-scroll turbocharger
- Capable of producing high boost pressures (up to 1.2 bar or 17.4 psi)
- Intercooler for increased air density and power output
Fuel Delivery and Engine Management
- Advanced electronic fuel injection system (EFI)
- Engine control unit (ECU) for precise fuel and ignition timing
- Knock control system for improved reliability and performance
Lightweight and Compact Design
- Aluminum cylinder block and head for reduced weight
- Compact dimensions for improved packaging and weight distribution
- Suitable for various applications, including sports cars and rally cars
Historical and Cultural Significance
The 4G63 engine has played a pivotal role in Mitsubishi’s motorsport heritage, particularly in rallying. It powered the legendary Lancer Evolution models, which dominated the World Rally Championship (WRC) and various national rally championships throughout the 1990s and early 2000s. The 4G63 engine’s reliability, responsiveness, and tuning potential made it a favorite among rally enthusiasts and professional teams alike.
In circuit racing and drag racing, the 4G63 engine has also gained a cult following due to its affordability, compact size, and immense tuning potential. Numerous aftermarket companies have developed performance parts and tuning solutions specifically for this engine, enabling enthusiasts to extract incredible power levels from this relatively small displacement powerplant.
Applications of 4G63 Engine
- Automotive Industry
- The 4G63 engine was initially designed for use in Mitsubishi’s high-performance vehicles, such as the Lancer Evolution and Eclipse. Its compact size, lightweight construction, and impressive power output made it a popular choice for sports cars and rally cars.
- It has also been utilized in various other Mitsubishi models, including the Galant, Diamante, and Expo, catering to a broader range of automotive applications.
- Motorsports
- The 4G63 engine has been extensively modified and tuned for use in various motorsports disciplines, including rally racing, drag racing, and time attack events. Its robust design and potential for high-performance modifications have made it a favorite among enthusiasts and professional racing teams.
- Kit Cars and Conversions
- Due to its compact size and impressive power output, the 4G63 engine has been a popular choice for kit car builders and engine conversion projects. It has been successfully integrated into various chassis, ranging from lightweight sports cars to off-road vehicles.
- Industrial and Marine Applications
- The 4G63 engine’s reliability and durability have led to its adoption in various industrial and marine applications. It has been used in generators, pumps, and other machinery, as well as in boats and personal watercraft.
Application Cases
| Product/Project | Technical Outcomes | Application Scenarios |
|---|---|---|
| Lancer Evolution | Compact size, lightweight construction, and impressive power output. | High-performance sports cars and rally cars. |
| Eclipse | Compact size, lightweight construction, and impressive power output. | High-performance sports cars. |
| Galant | Compact size, lightweight construction, and impressive power output. | Broader range of automotive applications. |
| Diamante | Compact size, lightweight construction, and impressive power output. | Broader range of automotive applications. |
| Expo | Compact size, lightweight construction, and impressive power output. | Broader range of automotive applications. |
Latest Technical Innovations in 4G63 Engine
Cylinder Head Design
The 4G63 engine features a semi-closed deck cylinder head design with narrow valve angles for improved combustion efficiency . The intake and exhaust ports have been optimized for better flow characteristics, contributing to increased power output .
Fuel Injection System
Recent iterations of the 4G63 engine have adopted advanced fuel injection systems, such as direct injection or dual-injection systems. These systems improve fuel atomization and distribution, resulting in better combustion and reduced emissions .
Variable Valve Timing (VVT)
Incorporating VVT technology allows for precise control of valve timing, optimizing the engine’s performance across the entire rev range. This innovation enhances low-end torque and high-rpm power delivery .
Lightweight Materials
To reduce overall weight and improve power-to-weight ratio, manufacturers have employed lightweight materials like aluminum alloys for the cylinder block and heads, as well as composite materials for certain components .
Turbocharging and Intercooling
Many modern 4G63 engines feature turbocharging systems, often with intercoolers, to increase the engine’s power density and efficiency. Advanced turbocharger designs and intercooler configurations have been implemented to minimize turbo lag and improve transient response .
Engine Management Systems
Sophisticated engine control units (ECUs) and engine management systems have been developed to precisely regulate various engine parameters, such as ignition timing, fuel injection, and boost pressure, for optimal performance and efficiency .
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