Method for installing a heavy load in a supporting structure and system built according to the method
Patent Information
- Application Number
- AE202602895
- Authority / Receiving Office
- AE · AE
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-03-01
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-16
Smart Images
Figure ABST_ABST
Abstract
Description
__________________________________________________________ METHOD FOR INSTALLING A HEAVY LOAD IN A SUPPPORTING STRUCTURE AND A SYSTEM BUILT ACCORDING TO THE METHOD __________________________________________________________ The invention concerns a method for installing a heavy load in a supporting structure, in which the at least one heavy load is conveyed upwards in said supporting structure and secured, so that it can be fixed in the operating position, as well as a method for installing a supporting structure and a system according to the generic terms of Claim 1, Claim 10 and Claim 14. In order to sustainably minimise environmentally harmful emissions in metal production, as well as in the iron and steel industry, efforts are being made to implement new technologies that can practically eliminate CO2 emissions. For example, in the extraction of iron from iron ore, new production processes are being sought, in which the direct reduction of iron ore can preferably be carried out using renewable energies, instead of conventional blast furnaces that use coking coal as an energy source. Natural gas or, even better, hydrogen is advantageous for this purpose, as it enables the reduction process to be carried out largely without CO2 emissions. For this purpose, new systems are being built which, similar to blast furnaces, each have a complex reactor vessel as a heavy load in a supporting structure or the like. The system for operation with the complex reactor vessel is designed in such a way that the supply of iron ore and other components, as well as energy, into the reactor can be optimally ensured in logistical terms and that the cooling of the reactor walls is also ensured. Such complex reactor vessels can each have a tare weight of over 1000 tonnes and are therefore usually assembled at the operating site in the supporting structure from a large number of individual parts and simultaneously fastened to this supporting structure. This procedure is complex and involves correspondingly high costs due to the use of large cranes for the construction of the supporting structure as well as the assembly and installation of the reactor within it. In addition, the reactor must be designed in such a way that it can be assembled into the supporting structure or the like, taking into account any circumstances that may mean that it cannot be designed in an optimum manner. The invention has for its object to create a method for installing a heavy load in a supporting structure, by means of which such installation in the operational state in the supporting structure can be carried out more safely, more time-sparingly and therefore more cost-effectively and the heavy load can be designed in such a way that restrictions such as those required for assembly in the supporting structure do not have to be taken into account. This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of Claim 1, Claim 10 and Claim 14. According to the inventive method, the heavy load to be conveyed is, in particular, a reactor for metal extraction respective metal production in an at least approximately operationally ready state. The heavy load is moved horizontally, by a transportation means, until partially moved into the supporting structure. It is then swivelled upwards by a lifting system, preferably a strand jack system, mounted in the supporting structure and moved upwards in the supporting structure to its operating position and secured. The heavy load is tiltably mounted on the transportation means so that it can be swivelled upwards and is lifted off the transportation means by the lifting system. In this way, according to the inventive method, despite the enormously high weight load, this heavy load, which is in particular a reactor for metal extraction, can be guided to the supporting structure when assembled, swivelled into said supporting structure in a safe manner, and hoisted into the operational position. Preferably, a known SPMT (Self-Propelled Modular Transporter) is used as the transportation means, which consists of a platform with such a large number of axles and wheels that the load per wheel corresponds to its possible weight load. The lifting system mounted in the supporting structure preferably uses a strand jack system, which is also known per se. Such strand jacks are suitable for hoisting or carrying heavy loads and by using several of them pulling at the same time, this heavy load can be hoisted into the operating position. Conveniently, the heavy load, which is provided with a removable reinforcing device in the front area, is moved by the transportation means partially into the interior of the supporting structure and at least one longitudinal element of the lifting system, preferably designed as a strand, is connected to a connection point on the reinforcing device of the heavy load. This extremely simple coupling allows this heavy load to be connected to the lifting system and swivelled upwards without any complicated manipulation. On the underside of the heavy load in its horizontal transportation position, a tilting mechanism is detachably fastened and articulated to it. This tilting mechanism is swivelled upwards together with the heavy load and, before the heavy load reaches its upright position, hits a stop on the underside and causes the swivelling of the heavy load to stop. With this tilting mechanism it is ensured that the reactor, with its torpedo-like outer shape with different diameters, can rest on top of the platform of the transportation means in the tilting mechanism and can be mounted horizontally on this tilting mechanism or on the transportation means. The transportation means is very advantageously controlled in such a way that when the heavy load is swivelled upwards, it travels partly into the interior of the supporting structure at a driving speed corresponding to that of the swivel movement. This ensures that the connection point on the container and at least one longitudinal element of the lifting system acting on it move approximately vertically upwards in the supporting structure, thus ensuring that the heavy load is swivelled upwards in a controlled and safe manner. For lifting the heavy load after it has been lifted from the transportation means in the upright position, the invention provides that additional longitudinal elements of the lifting system are coupled to a connection point on the reinforcing device, preferably on the opposite side to the already connected longitudinal element(s) of the heavy load, in order to apply the necessary tensile force to the heavy load. According to the invention, the supporting structure is built to a certain intermediate height and then this lifting system is mounted on the supporting structure. Consequently, the heavy load can then be conveyed and secured at this intermediate height using the lifting system. At the same time as the heavy load is being installed, the crane system, which has already installed the supporting structure up to said intermediate height and the lifting system on top of it, can be used to install additional loads up to their full height. This results in considerable time saving during the entire installation process, while at the same time the usage time of the crane system can be reduced to a minimum. The invention and further advantages thereof are explained in more detail below using design examples with reference to the drawing. Drawings: Fig. 1 a perspective side view of the lower part of the system according to the invention, with a heavy load designed as a reactor in a supporting structure as well as a transportation means carrying the heavy load and, above the heavy load, the lifting system in the supporting structure;Fig. 2 a perspective side view of the system according to Fig. 1 in the horizontal transportation position of the reactor on the transportation means shown, in which this reactor is inserted with its front head part into the indicated supporting structure;Fig. 3 a perspective side view of the reactor and the lifting system according to Fig. 1, wherein the reactor is shown in the swivelled up position on the transportation means without the supporting structure; Fig. 4 a perspective view of the finished system according to Fig. 1 with the reactor installed in the supporting structure and a cooler tank, as well as a crane system next to the system;Fig. 5 a perspective side view of a variant of a partially shown supporting structure with the installed reactor and lifting system, as well as a lifting device;Fig. 6 a perspective side view of the partially shown supporting structure and the lifting device removing a cross beam, according to Fig. 5;Fig. 7 a perspective top view of the lifting device, according to Fig. 5;Fig. 8 a perspective side view of the partially shown supporting structure of Fig. 5, with two installed auxiliary devices for transporting heavy loads within the supporting structure;Fig. 9 a perspective view of the auxiliary device according to Fig. 8; andFig. 10 a perspective side view of the partially shown supporting structure according to Fig. 5 in the operating state, with platforms mounted for operational and maintenance purposes. Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 show a schematically illustrated system 10 with a supporting structure 15 and a heavy load to be installed in the latter as a reactor 20. This supporting structure 15 consists of a lattice-shaped structure as a basic framework with longitudinal and transverse elements 16, 17, whereby it is designed on the inside with a cavity 18 and, due to the required height, as a tower. As mentioned, it is only presented in principle. In any case, it must be provided with statics proving that it can permanently absorb the enormous load forces of the heavy load to be installed. This supporting structure can be designed in different ways depending on the circumstances and requirements and can be placed free-standing in a work area or be part of a building with a number of levels or the like. According to the inventive method, the heavy load to be conveyed is, in particular, a reactor 20 for metal extraction in an at least approximately operationally ready state. This reactor 20 as a heavy load is moved by a transportation means 11, preferably by an SPMT (Self-Propelled Modular Transporter), in a horizontal direction up to or partially into the cavity 18 of the supporting structure 15 and it is swivelled upwards by a lifting system 25 mounted in the supporting structure 15, preferably a strand jack system, and hoisted in the supporting structure 15 to its operating position and fastened there. So that it can be swivelled upwards into its approximately upright position, the reactor 20 is tiltably mounted on the underside of the transportation means 11 and is swivelled using an articulated joint 31. The invention is characterised in that it allows, in particular, such a reactor 20 in an at least approximately operationally ready state, with a tare weight of over 1000 tonnes, to be lifted in a completely new way into the required operating position up to a height of, for example, 80 m. The reactor is in particular one that processes iron ore through direct reduction using renewable energies and extracts iron from it in a multi-stage process, primarily for the metal industry. The reactor 20, designed as a container with a torpedo-like outer shape, consists of a front stepped cylindrical section 22 with a head part 21 with several upwardly projecting connecting pieces 21‘, which are not explained in more detail, as well as a hull 23 with an enlarged diameter, with a support frame 39 and a conical lower part 24 extending approximately to a point. The cylindrical section 22 has mounted to its outer shell a reinforcing device 26, which is installed either fixedly or advantageously removable. It has two reinforcing elements 27, 28 arranged at a distance from one another, which are fastened in a removable manner as rings on the outer circumference of the reactor 20 and are fastened to one another by at least one connecting bridge 29. On the front reinforcing element 27, two connection points 32, 33 are advantageously provided on opposite sides, spaced apart from one another, which can be connected to the longitudinal elements 34 of the lifting system 25. When swivelling the reactor upwards 20, only the two connection points 32 on its upper side have to be coupled with longitudinal elements 34, while the opposite connection points 33 are connected to such longitudinal elements 34 only after swivelling for hoisting the reactor 20, so that this lifting system 25 is able to lift the reactor 20 up to its final position. In addition, the reinforcing elements 27, 28 are each assigned an adjustable tensioning device 40 (not explained in more detail) on the outside of the reactor, each consisting of an elongated tensioning element 37 and a traction element 36 coupled thereto, each generating adjustable tensile stress in its longitudinal direction. At each of the four connection points 32, 33, such a clamping element 37 engages with one end, which extends parallel to the axial direction of the reactor and is held at the other end by the annular support frame 39. With these tensioning devices 40, tensile forces can be generated on the front reinforcing element 27 in a coordinated manner in the opposite direction to the lifting force of the longitudinal elements 34 in order to counteract this lifting force on the reinforcing element 27. This exemplified reactor 20 may, of course, be shaped differently than shown. Likewise, this reinforcing device 26 can also be equipped, for example, with only one reinforcing element and without these tensioning devices 40. Fewer or more than four such connection points 32, 33 may be provided, depending on the weight of the heavy load. As can be seen from Fig. 1, the front head part 21 of the reactor 20 with the reinforcing element 27 of the reinforcing device 26 is moved by the transportation means 11 into the interior of the supporting structure 15 and the two longitudinal elements 32 of the lifting system 25, which are preferably designed as strands, are connected in this position to the respective connection point 32 of the reinforcing device 26 and the reactor 20 is swivelled upwards as a heavy load by actuating the lifting system. The transportation means 11 with an upper platform 11’ is preferably formed by two independently movable transportation units 12, 13, which together convey the heavy load partially to the supporting structure 15, as illustrated in Fig. 2. These transportation units 12, 13 consist of such a large number of axles and wheels that the load per wheel corresponds to the specified weight load, with each axle being individually driven. After connecting the longitudinal elements 32 of the lifting system 25 to the reactor 20 and lifting it off, the front transportation unit 12 is removed, while the rear transportation unit 13, with a tilting mechanism 45 articulated to it, and with it the reactor, moves inside into the cavity 18 of the supporting structure 15 and at the same time the reactor is pivoted upwards in the cavity. The reactor 20, with its torpedo-like outer shape with different diameters, rests on top of the platform 11‘ of the transportation means 11 at several preferably flat points of the tilting mechanism 45 and when approaching can be mounted horizontally on this tilting mechanism or on the transportation means. This box-shaped tilting mechanism 45 is composed of longitudinally and transversely connected supporting elements 48, 49, this articulated joint 31 and a supporting element 52 holding the support frame 39 of the reactor 20 on the underside. This tilting mechanism can be designed differently depending on the external shape of the heavy load and can consist of several modules. This rear transportation unit 13 of the transportation means 11 is moved into the interior of the supporting structure when the reactor 20 is swivelled upwards, at a controlled driving speed corresponding to the swivelling speed, so that the connection points 32 of the reactor and the longitudinal element 34 of the lifting system 25 engaging therewith move approximately vertically upwards in the supporting structure 15 and the reactor is hoisted upwards with a linear swivel movement and no disturbing vibrations occur in the process. The reactor 20 is swivelled up to a position, as shown in Fig. 1, in which the tilting mechanism 45 rests with its underside facing the articulated joint 31 with at least one stop 43 on the transportation unit 13. The two longitudinal elements 34 of the lifting system 25 on the other side are articulated to the connection points 33 of the reinforcing device 26 in addition to the already connected longitudinal elements 34. The reactor is swivelled into this inclined position rather than the upright position, to prevent it from tipping over to the other side. In principle, however, it could be swivelled up to an approximately upright position and then the additional longitudinal elements 34 could be attached. This articulated joint 31 on the transportation means, as well as the tilting mechanism 45, are then detached and dismantled from the reactor so that it can be hoisted by the longitudinal elements 34 with equal amounts of force. Further longitudinal elements, which are not shown, are provided which are hinged to connection points 38 on the support frame 39 below the hull 23 so that the reactor 20 can be guided through the lifting system 25 to its final position and fastened in the supporting structure, as can be seen in Fig. 4, which shows the fully constructed plant 10. Fig. 3 shows the lifting system 25 arranged in the supporting structure 15, in which a strand jack system is preferably used. This lifting system 25 consists of a base frame 44 carried on the supporting structure 15, of solid cross beams 46, 47, standing thereon in pairs, and of several lifting units 50, 51, in which these longitudinal elements 34 are held adjustably in their longitudinal direction. The one lifting unit 50 and the two cross beams 46 or the other lifting unit 51 and the two cross beams 47 are positioned on the base frame 44 in such a way that the longitudinal elements 34 extending through them and hinged at the connection points 32, 33 and 38 of the reactor 20 are aligned approximately vertically in order to avoid bending moments in these longitudinal elements, which are usually manufactured as strands. Essentially, each of these lifting units 50, which are known per se and not shown in detail, consists of a hydraulic or pneumatic piston / cylinder unit which is fixed on one of the cross beams 46, 47 and has a central through-opening on the inside for receiving one or more longitudinal elements 34. The cylinder is provided with an annular chamber in which the sleeve-shaped piston is guided in the axial direction. At the upper end of the piston and at the lower end of the cylinder, respectively, a clamping device with radially adjustable clamps is provided for holding the longitudinal element(s) 34. When the piston is retracted, its clamps hold the longitudinal element 34 and a medium is forced into a chamber in the cylinder by a pump, so that the piston and with it the longitudinal element are moved upwards. When the piston is extended, the open clamps on the cylinder are closed and those on the piston are opened and the piston is then retracted again. This process is repeated until the heavy load to be lifted has reached its final position. When lifting the heavy load, these strands are moved upwards through and beyond the lifting units 50 and they can be accommodated in straight or rounded guides above the lifting system 25, which is not shown in detail. The control of the multiple piston / cylinder units is coordinated synchronously, which can be achieved through pressure equalisation in order to achieve even load distribution. It is clear that, conversely, lowering the heavy load with these lifting units 50, which is not explained in more detail, is just as possible. Accordingly, the individual steps for lowering would have to be carried out in reverse order. The inventive method also extends to the installation of the supporting structure 15 for receiving the heavy load, whereby the supporting structure 15 consists of these stackable longitudinal and transverse elements 16, 17 and / or other support elements, which are constructed by at least one known crane system 55 with several lattice masts 56, 57, 58 on a vehicle 59 as shown in Fig. 4. Very advantageously, the supporting structure 15 is built to a certain intermediate height and then the lifting system 25, of which this base frame 44 can be seen, is mounted on the supporting structure 15 which is built approximately halfway. The reactor 20 is then conveyed as a heavy load by the lifting system 25 to this intermediate height and held and mounted within the base frame 44 by its support frame 39. This mounting can be carried out using sufficiently strong fastening elements. Practically at the same time, the crane system 55 installs the supporting structure 15 up to its full height, the heavy load to be conveyed being, in particular, this reactor 20 for metal extraction in an at least approximately operationally ready state. The reactor 20, which is raised in the supporting structure 15 to the lifting system 25, is guided through this frame-shaped lifting system and is mounted with support frames 39 attached to its outer shell below the fuselage 23, preferably at this intermediate height in the supporting structure 15. The transportation means 11 is moved away after the heavy load has been lifted and can be used to feed further heavy loads into the supporting structure. While the supporting structure 15 is completed by the crane system 55 up to its total height above the installed heavy load, the lifting system 25 can simultaneously lift and install additional components, such as at least one cooler tank 60, support elements 62, platforms 61, etc., as additional heavy loads in the lower area or below the reactor. Once the reactor is mounted in the supporting structure 15, the same transportation means for delivering and the same longitudinal elements 34 of the lifting system 25 as for lifting the reactor can also be used, with those allocated to the hoisting units 51 on the cross beams 46 being advantageous, because these extend outside the outer shell of the reactor. By simultaneously mounting it on the lower and upper sections of the supporting structure 15, the first platform in the upper construction section is used as a protective platform 63. This will be reinforced with additional safeguards to protect the personnel working underneath. The lifting system 25 with the cross beams 46, 47, which is temporarily mounted at this specific height in the supporting structure 15, is preferably dismantled again after the complete installation of the heavy load and other components. The supporting structure and the area surrounding it are designed in such a way that this lifting system 25 with the cross beams 46, 47 can be reinstalled in the supporting structure, in particular for dismantling the heavy load and the components. In principle, however, it could also remain in the supporting structure, especially if components need to be replaced or changed from time to time. Figs. 5 to 7 show a lifting device 65 for mounting or removing the cross beams 46, 47 of the lifting system 25 onto or from a supporting structure 70, which is shown in part. The same reference numerals are used below for the same parts or components as in the design example according to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4. Visible within this supporting structure 70 is the reactor 20, installed in accordance with the invention, which is held by its support frame 39 within the base frame 40 of the supporting structure 70. The lifting system 25, supported on the base frame 44, consists of two pairs of opposing solid cross beams 46, 47, standing thereon in pairs, and of several lifting units 50, 51 positioned on the latter, in which these longitudinal elements 34 are held adjustably in their longitudinal direction, as can be seen from Fig. 3. The supporting structure 70, which is shown in part and consists of longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal elements 75, 76, 77 assembled one above the other to serve as load-bearing members, is configured in the area of the base frame 44 (where the reactor 20 is attached) so that the longitudinal elements 75 extend diagonally upward and inward from below the base frame 44. Consequently, the rectangular or otherwise shaped cross-section of the supporting structure 70 tapers upward from a larger to a smaller cross-sectional area, thereby saving material in the upper, less heavily loaded section of the supporting structure 70. The lower part of the supporting structure is also constructed with a larger cross-sectional area, to provide sufficient space for raising the reactor 20 during installation. Once the reactor 20 and the additional components have been fully installed, the lifting units 50, 51 and subsequently the cross beams 46, 47, 66 - or both together - are usually removed , as they are no longer required and can be used for other assemblies. For this purpose, this lifting device 65 is used, which consists of a guide rail 67, a fastening element 72, and a counterweight 64 with an adjusting member 71. The lifting device 65 is suspended from crane cables 68, 69 during operation. The fastening element 72 is fixedly attached at one end to the guide rail 67, while the counterweight 64 is guided so as to be moveable along the guide rail 67 from a first end position to a second end position 64‘, 64‘‘, ensuring that the guide rail 67 remains horizontally balanced at all times, whether with or without the supporting cross beam 46, 47, 66. The guide rail 67 can be configured as an I-beam, and the counterweight 64 can be guided within it with a T-slot. The adjusting member 71 consists of a wire rope hoist 71‘ arranged on each side of the guide rail 67 - each comprising a cable winch 71 and a rotary motor for controlling it - a cable 73 routed parallel to the guide rail 67, and a mount 78 for the cable end. The two wire rope hoists are positioned in reverse order so that the counterweight 64 can be pulled in one direction or the other by the corresponding cable 73 and cable winch 71‘. The cable winches 71‘ are each rotatably mounted on a base 79 on the guide rail 67, while the mounts 78 for the cables 73 are anchored to the counterweight 64. The counterweight 64 is adjustably positioned on the guide rail 67 under the control of the adjusting member 71, moving between the first and second end positions 64‘, 64‘‘. In principle, a single wire rope hoist could also be provided, equipped, for example, with a winch at each end. In addition, a braking device, which is not shown in detail, is integrated into the counterweight and interacts with the guide rail, thus serving to additionally secure the counterweight in the corresponding end position. This adjusting member could also be configured differently than shown - for example, with a rack on the guide rail and a drivable pinion on the counterweight that engages with the rack. Fig. 5 shows the lifting device 65 having been raised alongside the supporting structure 70 by a crane, which is not shown, to a position next to the lifting system 25 of the supporting structure 70, for the purpose of removing the cross beams 46, 47, 66. In the unloaded state, as shown, the counterweight 64 is pushed by the adjustment member 71 into this first end position 64‘, such that the guide rail 67, which is equipped with the lateral fastening elements 72 and is preferably suspended from two crane cables 68, is horizontally balanced. As shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, a cross beam 46 is preferably bolted laterally to the fastening elements 72 of the guide rail 67 and subsequently guided transversely out of the supporting structure 70 and placed downwards - for example, onto a motor vehicle for road transport. This process is then repeated until, advantageously, all cross beams 46, 47, 66 have been removed, including those held transversely in the corners of the transverse elements 76 beneath the base frame 44. For reasons of space, the lifting device 65 suspended from the crane cable 69 can be inserted into the open interior of the supporting structure 70 with only a portion of its guide rail 67. It can then be connected to a corresponding cross beam 46, 47, 66 by this lateral fastening element, allowing the latter to be pulled out of the supporting structure. When installing the lifting system 25 in the supporting structure 70, the procedure is carried out in the reverse order to that described above for its removal. Therefore, not all details are repeated below. In this process, the cross beams 46, 47 are individually lifted from below by the crane using the lifting device 65 to a position alongside the supporting structure 70 at the assembly location of the lifting system 25, and the corresponding cross beam 46, 47 is then inserted into the supporting structure 70. Once they have been placed and secured therein, the fastening elements 72 of the guide rail 67 are released, whereby the counterweight 64 is pushed by the adjustment member 71 within the guide rail 67 from the second end position to this first end position 64‘. The lifting device 65 can then be moved laterally out of the supporting structure 70, lowered, and lift the next cross beam 46, 47 from the ground into the installed position. Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 show an auxiliary device 80 installed in the supporting structure 70 for transporting heavy loads during the installation or operation of the reactor 20. This auxiliary device 80 consists of a rail guide 81, 82 and at least one trolley 85 that slides on it, which consists of, in the usual manner, a wire rope hoist with a motor and an indicated crane hook 86. This rail guide consists of a cantilever 81 projecting from the supporting structure 70 and an arched rail 82 extending from it beneath a grating-like platform 83. This rail is advantageously positioned at the outer edge of the platform 83, which is supported within the horizontally extending transverse elements 76. The rail 82 is advantageously assembled using part-circular rail sections, allowing it to be easily installed or, if necessary, removed. Instead of being arched, the rail 82 could also follow a serpentine or other shape. The grid-like platform 83 consists of a number of beams 84 arranged in rows longitudinally and transversely, and of which the outer ends rest on the transverse elements 76 of the supporting structure. This auxiliary device 80 enables the manually operated or motor powered trolley 85 to pick up a load from the cantilever 81 from a position outside the supporting structure 70 and hoist it up to the platform 83. Subsequently, by moving the trolley 85 and the load along the arched rail 82, the load can be transported to a storage position within the supporting structure 70. In the supporting structure 70 according to Fig. 8, two such platforms 83, each with an auxiliary device 80, are shown at different heights. One of these is installed, for example, above the base frame 44, and the other above the cooler tank 60. Indeed, more than two such auxiliary devices can be installed as required, with each of the platforms 83, due to their grid structure, providing reinforcement for the auxiliary device attached below it, enabling the latter to bear loads of up to 10 tonnes or more. Fig. 8 also shows a tray-like platform 86 which is fixed by a linkage 87 on the outside of the supporting structure 70, for example in the lower area ofthe reactor. This platform 86 could also be mounted to the supporting structure 70 so that it can swivel out, in which case this linkage 87 could be detached from the platform 86 and the latter could be swivelled downwards when not in use. Indeed, several of these platforms 86 could be provided, and their sizes may vary. Fig. 10 partially shows the supporting structure 70 in the operating state in the lower area of the installed reactor 20 with additional platforms 88, 89, 91, in particular for maintenance operations, which can advantageously either be lifted to certain positions by lifting devices 90 or be fixedly mounted, as can be seen with the platforms 89. One platform 91 can be moved upwards or downwards in front of a corresponding fixed platform 89, thus serving as an extension of the latter. The fixed platforms 89 can be fastened to the supporting structure 70 by means of plug-in systems 97 and preferably removed again. The lifting devices 90 are equipped with two outwardly projecting cantilevers 92 and wire rope hoists 93 that support the platforms. These cantilevers 92 are preferably designed to be telescopically extendable and retractable, and can accordingly be retracted when not in use or extended for use. However, it could also be that only a cantilever with a rope strand similar to the lifting device 65 is used, which could be folded in and out of the supporting structure, for example, using crane ropes 68, 69 as with the lifting device 65 according to Fig. 5. Where necessary, a suggested lift with a cabin 95 is preferably installed laterally on the supporting structure 70, which is guided along a support rail arrangement 94, which is held on the outside of the supporting structure 70 by corresponding support elements 96. This lift is primarily installed for transporting workers from the bottom to the corresponding platforms, or vice versa. It can also be used to transport heavy loads. The invention is sufficiently demonstrated by the design examples explained above. But of course it could be explained by additional variants. As a variant, the lifting system could be equipped with a different number of lifting units 50, 51 and longitudinal elements 34 than those shown and the cross beams 46, 47 could be arranged differently than shown. Likewise, the supporting structure could, for example, be arranged in a building and be primarily made up of concrete supporting pillars or the like. Instead of an SPMT, another feed system, such as a vehicle sliding on plastic or travelling on rails or the like, could be used as the transportation means 11.
Claims
1. Method for installing a heavy load in a supporting structure, in which the at least one heavy load is conveyed upwards in this supporting structure (15) and fastened so that this heavy load is fixed in the operating position, characterised in thatthe heavy load to be conveyed is, in particular, a reactor (20) for metal extraction in an at least approximately operationally ready state, wherein this heavy load is moved by a transportation means (11), preferably by an SPMT (Self-Propelled Modular Transporter), in a horizontal direction up to or partially into the supporting structure (15), and that this heavy load is swivelled upwards by a lifting system (25), preferably a strand jack system, mounted in the supporting structure (15), and is hoisted in the supporting structure (15) into its operating position and fastened, wherein this heavy load is tiltably mounted on the transportation means (11) for the swivelling upwards and is then lifted off the transportation means (11) by the lifting system (25).
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in thatthe heavy load, which is provided with a removable reinforcing device (26) in the front area, is moved by the transportation means (11) partially into the interior of the supporting structure (15) and at least one longitudinal element (34) of the lifting system (25), preferably designed as a strand, is connected to a connection point on the reinforcing device (26) of the heavy load and the latter is swivelled upwards by actuating the lifting system (25).
3. Method according to Claim 2, characterised in thatthe transportation means (11) moves into the interior of the supporting structure (15) at a correspondingly controlled driving speed when the heavy load is swivelled upwards by the lifting system (25), so that the connection point at the reactor (20) and the at least one longitudinal element (34) of the lifting system (25) acting on it move approximately vertically upwards in the supporting structure.
4. Method according to Claim 3, characterised in thatthe heavy load, upon reaching its at least approximately upright orientation, is coupled by at least one additional longitudinal element (34) of the lifting system (25), preferably on the opposite side to the already connected longitudinal element (34) of the heavy load, to a connection point (33) of the reinforcing device (26), and the heavy load is then hoisted by at least both longitudinal elements (34).
5. Method according to Claim 4, characterised in thata tilting mechanism (45), which is articulated on the transportation means (11), is detachably fastened to the lower section of the heavy load, and is swivelled upwards together with the heavy load and preferably abuts against a stop (43) on the underside before the heavy load reaches the upright position and causes the swivelling of the heavy load to stop.
6. Method according to any of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in thatin this swivelled up position, this at least one additional longitudinal element (34) of the lifting system (25) is connected to the reinforcing device (26) and / or to a support frame (39) of the heavy load, and that the heavy load is consequently lifted together by the longitudinal elements (34), with equal lifting force components.
7. Method according to any of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in thatthe transportation means (11) is moved away after the heavy load held on the longitudinal elements (34) has been lifted off, and at least one support element fed into the supporting structure (15) is attached to a support in the lower region of the heavy load by at least one further longitudinal element (34) of the lifting system (25), and that the heavy load is then lifted up by the longitudinal elements (34) together with equal lifting force components.
8. Method according to any of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in thatthe lifting system (25) with cross beams (46, 47) is mounted at a certain height in the supporting structure (15) and is removed again after the complete installation of the heavy load and further components, such as at least one cooler container (60), platforms (61), support elements (62), etc., wherein the supporting structure (15) and the area surrounding it are designed in such a way that this lifting system (25) with the cross beams (46, 47) can be reinstalled in the supporting structure (15), in particular for dismantling the heavy load and / or the components.
9. Method according to any of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in thatthe transportation means (11) for the heavy load is formed from preferably two independently movable transport units (12, 13) which together transport the heavy load, wherein the front transport unit (12) is removed after the heavy load has been lifted and the rear transport unit (13) with a tilting mechanism (45) articulated to it and the heavy load moves partly into the interior of the supporting structure (15) and at the same time the heavy load is swivelled upwards.
10. Method for installing a supporting structure for receiving a heavy load, which is preferably installed in the supporting structure according to the method according to one of Claims 1 to 9, wherein the supporting structure (15) consists of stackable support elements and is constructed at least by a crane system (55), characterised in thatthe crane system (55) is used to construct the supporting structure (15) to a specific intermediate height, and a lifting system (25), preferably a strand jack system, is then mounted onto the supporting structure (15), and consequently the heavy load is transported and fastened to this intermediate height by means of the lifting system (25), and simultaneously the crane system (55) can install the supporting structure (15) at up to its total height, whereby the heavy load to be transported is, in particular, a reactor (20) for metal extraction in a state that is at least approximately ready for operation.
11. Method according to Claim 10, characterised in thatthe heavy load lifted in the supporting structure (15) up to the lifting system (25) is guided through this frame-shaped lifting system (25) and is fastened in the supporting structure (15), preferably at this intermediate height by means of support frames (39) attached to its outer casing, preferably in the lower region.
12. Method according to Claim 10 or 11, characterised in thatthe supporting structure (15) is constructed by the crane system up to its total height above the installed heavy load, while at the same time further components, such as at least one cooler tank (60), platforms (61), support elements (62) or the like, are mounted in the lower region or below the heavy load in this supporting structure.
13. Method according to any of Claims 1 to 12, characterised in thatthe lifting system (25) is mounted in the supporting structure (15, 70) in such a way that it can be removed from this supporting structure, in particular after the installation of the system (10) has been completed, and can preferably be reinstalled therein if at least one heavy load has to be removed from the supporting structure.
14. Method according to Claim 13, characterised in thata lifting device (65) is used for mounting or removing cross beams (46, 47, 66) of the lifting system (25) into or from the supporting structure (15, 70).
15. Method according to Claim 14, characterised in thatthe lifting device (65) is preferably lifted by means of a crane next to the lifting system (25) of the supporting structure (15, 70) during dismantling, and is connected to a cross beam (46, 47, 66), and the latter is moved laterally away from the supporting structure (15, 70) by it.
16. Method according to Claim 14, characterised in thatthe lifting device (65) is connected to a cross beam (46, 47, 66) during assembly and lifted to the assembly position of the lifting system (25) in the supporting structure (15, 70), and the cross beam (46, 47, 66) is inserted laterally into the supporting structure (15, 70) and fastened.
17. A system comprising a supporting structure and at least one heavy load held therein, whereby the system is preferably constructed according to the method of one of Claims 1 to 14, whereby the supporting structure (15, 70) is provided with superimposed support elements and the heavy load is mounted therein, characterised in thata lifting system (25), preferably a strand jack system, is attached in the supporting structure (15), preferably at a certain intermediate height, and the heavy load transported by means of the lifting system (25) is also preferably attached in the area ofthe intermediate height, whereby the heavy load is, in particular, designed as a reactor for metal extraction, which is mounted in the supporting structure in at least an approximately operational state.
18. System according to Claim 17, characterised in thatfurther components, such as at least one cooler tank (60), platforms (61), support elements (62) or the like are mounted in the lower region or below the heavy load in the supporting structure.
19. System according to Claim 17 or 18, characterised in thatthe lifting device (65) consists of a guide rail (67), a fastening element (72), and a counterweight (64) with an adjustment element (71), with which it can be transported by a crane to a position beside the cross beams (46, 47, 66) of the lifting system (25), and the guide rail (67) can be connected laterally to the corresponding cross beam (46, 47, 66) with the fastening means (72) located at its end, allowing the latter to be removed laterally from the supporting structure.
20. System according to any of Claims 17 to 19, characterised in thatLongitudinal elements (75) of the supporting structure (70) beneath the base frame (44) extend diagonally inwards, deviating from the vertical, such that the rectangular or otherwise shaped cross-section of the supporting structure (70) decreases from a larger to a smaller cross-sectional area.
21. System according to any of Claims 17 to 20, characterised in thatat least one auxiliary device (80) for transporting heavy loads for installation purposes and during operation of the reactor (20) is installed in the supporting structure (70), comprising at least one rail guide (81, 82) and at least one trolley (85) or similar component that slides on it, equipped with a motor-driven wire rope hoist and a crane hook (86).
22. System according to any of Claims 17 to 21, characterised in thatadditional platforms (86, 88, 89, 91), in particular on the sides of the supporting structure (70), which are either height-adjustable to specific positions by means of lifting devices (90) or are fixedly mounted.
23. Heavy load for a system according to any of Claims 1 to 22, characterised in thatthe heavy load is designed as a container-shaped reactor (20), in particular for metal extraction, which is preferably provided with cylindrical sections in its outer shell, in which a reinforcing device (26) and / or a support frame (39) is attached in the lower region of the container-shaped reactor.
24. Heavy load according to Claim 23, characterised in thatthe reinforcing device (26) consists of at least two reinforcing elements (27, 28), which are arranged at a distance from one another, and which are fastened in a removable manner to the outer circumference of the reactor and are fastened to one another by at least one connecting bridge (29), wherein at least one connection point (32) for articulating one longitudinal element (34) of the lifting system (25) is provided on the upper reinforcing element (27).
25. Heavy load according to Claim 23 or 24, characterised in thata preferably box-shaped tilting mechanism (45) can be mounted on the underside of the reactor (20), by means of which the reactor (20) is mounted on the transportation means (11). so that it can be swivelled.