Title - Seeding Machine

Abstract

A seeding machine, comprising a structural frame, where on its side face it is associated by means of a coupling plate to at least one deformable parallelogram belonging to a seeding body, comprising at least one air duct linked at one end to an air compensating reservoir and at the other distal end to a pneumatic spring device with internal guide arranged integrally through a set of fixing means and in position within said at least one deformable parallelogram, said pneumatic spring device with internal guide being operatively connected to a pneumatic air pressure regulating system commanded by a control and monitoring system.

Description

SEEDING MACHINE 1. Title and technical field of the invention The present invention relates to a "seeding machine", applied to the field of agriculture, of the "draft" or "single-seed" type with counter-pressure systems, with seeding trains or bodies of the "counter-pressure spring" type or "pneumatic counter-pressure systems" also called "pneumatic counter-pressure cushion". 2. State of the art and problems to be solved Seeding machines comprise a structural frame to which the seeding units are attached, arranged side-by-side in a row, or in two rows one in front of the other, depending on the application method. The frame is supported by wheels. Hoppers for the seeds are mounted on the frame, and in many cases, hoppers or tanks for fertilizers applied during sowing. During the establishment of an extensive crop, each seeding unit, as it advances across the field, allows for the controlled application of seeds along a row, hereafter referred to as a "row," with each unit operating independently of the others. Crops with larger seeds, such as corn, soybeans, sunflowers, cotton, sorghum, and beans, are called "coarse grains" and are distinguished from those known as fine grains or winter crops: wheat, canary seed, oats, barley, and rye. For each of these two groups of seeds, there are seeders with different designs and characteristics. Seed planting involves two combined procedures: seed metering and placement, and the field operations of the various components of the seeding unit. As the seeding unit advances, the following steps are performed sequentially at a point along the row to be sown: crop residue cutting and / or micro-tillage, opening the furrow where the seed is placed, seed compaction, and finally, covering the furrow. The goal is to ensure uniform furrow conditions that meet the predetermined parameters for the crop. To achieve this, the seeding units are equipped with leveling wheels and load control. Load control and depth limiters: existing machines offer two types of configurations for mounting the seeding unit: components attached to a simple longitudinal arm, or to a structure supported by a deformable parallelogram. While the former is simpler in construction and allows for narrower furrows, it causes the cutting angle of the discs to vary with the arm's oscillations. Those mounted on deformable parallelograms, on the other hand, maintain a constant cutting angle, making them the most widely used. Determining the planting depth and its uniformity is crucial, and it involves a combination of the load on each unit and the adjustment of the leveling wheels. Load control essentially regulates the weight of the planting unit itself. The leveling wheels ensure the load is correct; if they don't rotate continuously, it may indicate an underweight unit. Conversely, if the leveling wheels leave marks on the crop residue or soil, it indicates an excessive load on the unit, leading to over-compaction of the ground near the seed. This negatively impacts the planting process and causes premature wear of bearings and wheels. Load control on the planting unit allows it to follow the contours of the ground and guarantees uniform planting depth. The most commonly used system today consists of linear springs located on the deformable parallelogram, or between it and the machine frame.A simple adjustment system adapts the seeding unit's load to different soil conditions. The spring tension is easily adjusted with the seeder stopped, but not while it's running; a scale allows one end of the spring to be mounted in a specific position. A simple change of position increases or decreases the tension. In the prior art, the existing pneumatic counterpressure system options can be defined as those that use reinforced adjustable counterpressure springs that utilize helical mechanical springs and those that apply the pneumatic counterpressure system that uses pneumatic rubber or elastomer cushions with linear air inlets, associated with a working cycle of the air compressor assembly, where the air cushions are linked in parallel. • The problem presented by linear mechanical counterpressure springs While load control using linear mechanical springs, also called counter-pressure springs, is simple and yields good results, they have the disadvantages that the force exerted by the springs is proportional to the displacement, meaning they cannot apply a constant or variable force as needed. They also have an elastic limit, which is the point at which they permanently deform and lose their ability to return to their original shape, and they lack an internal mechanism to dissipate the kinetic energy generated when released. This causes unwanted oscillations and vibrations that can affect the operation and durability of the equipment using them. A spring exerts different loads depending on its extension and compression, since tension exerts a greater load as it stretches or contracts. The undesirable effect of oscillations or bouncing also occurs on uneven terrain, with debris, or in the presence of heavy crop residue, due to the lack of damping. The spring produces an elastic force that varies proportionally to the extension or contraction relative to the relaxed position, causing significant variation in the pressure exerted on the soil through the leveling wheel when the spring operates between its maximum open and minimum closed positions. Furthermore, lacking viscous damping properties, it produces sustained oscillations that create an uneven seedbed, depositing seeds at different depths and exposing all the seeding unit's mechanisms to oscillations and shocks that cause premature wear. When changing the batch or the type of soil (hard or soft), adjusting the stiffness of all the metal springs on the equipment should involve changing the position of all the spring anchors, adjusting the tension nut on all the springs, or even adding springs to each position. For the reasons described, there is a strong trend toward replacing linear-load mechanical springs with constant-load pneumatic air springs. • The problem presented by the pneumatic bellows or pneumatic counterpressure system Existing pneumatic counterpressure systems must use high air pressure in constant-load pneumatic air chambers, also known as "pneumatic counterpressure systems" or "pneumatic bellows," to prevent deformation and achieve the necessary load on the leveling wheels due to the way the bellows or air cushion is anchored to the The planter chassis is fixed at the top, with mobility only at the lower attachment point to the deformable parallelogram. In the "air cushions" or "pneumatic counterpressure springs," each row unit has a unique rubber air cushion or bellows located between the parallel arms and the chassis or frame. The air cushions are connected in parallel to the pressurized air line, so air can only be added to or released from all row units simultaneously. When adjusting the amount of counterpressure in the row unit, the operator selects the counterpressure (kg [lb]) to be applied to the entire planter, as the pneumatic counterpressure system does not have the capacity to automatically adjust the counterpressure. The bellows are typically positioned almost perpendicular to the ground, parallel to the chassis, connecting the chassis to the deformable parallelogram of each unit. Due to the bellows' anchoring and placement, the force applied to the deformable parallelogram is not optimal for achieving the necessary ground pressure exerted by the leveling wheel. Because the bellows are interconnected in series or in parallel via a narrow air duct that does not allow sufficient airflow to absorb variations, the independent operation of each seeding unit is lost. The hose or air duct that interconnects the bellows typically lacks the necessary cross-section to allow for the required airflow, resulting in high resistance to air circulation and causing pressure spikes or drops in the bellows. High pressures are applied to the bellows to maintain its shape and prevent breakage, reducing its effectiveness in following the terrain contours. This leads to variations in the effective planting depth at which each seed from the same seeding unit is deposited, causing uneven planting depth along each row. • Proposed solution: The proposed object is a "seeding machine" that includes a pneumatic spring device applied to the seeding units, which are the set of mechanisms that work on each furrow. These units are mounted on the structural frame of the seeder and are called the seeding unit, also referred to as the "planting unit," "planting mechanism," or "seeding section." In English, they are known as the "planting unit," "planting mechanism," or "seeding unit." The seeding unit is the basic unit of a seeder. responsible for carrying out planting operations, such as opening the furrow, placing the seed and covering the furrow. Specifically, a seeding unit or body with a pneumatic spring device with internal GMA, where it is individually linked to an air pressure regulation system and a control and monitoring system of said pressure regulation system for seeding machines that have pneumatic load control, for application in the seeding units or bodies. The pneumatic spring device with internal GMA comprises a pneumatic air cushion type bellows with an extensible internal GMA with fixing devices mechanically linked to the deformable parallelogram that is associated with the structural frame of the seeder, preventing breakage or deformation of the rubber bellows due to the asymmetric working stresses to which they are subjected. In turn, the pneumatic spring device with internal GMA is linked to an air pressure regulation system and a control and monitoring system for said air pressure regulation system, which improves the function of the pneumatic spring with internal GMA by adjusting the working pressure and absorbing the overpressure or depression to which the springs are exposed depending on the irregularities of the terrain. This system allows for constant, adjustable, controlled, and independent pressure to be applied to each seeding unit, adapting to the terrain conditions over which the seeding unit travels. This ensures uniform seeding depth, improves seed spacing, and prevents over-compacting of the soil near the seed, resulting in homogeneous seed emergence. Furthermore, the addition of damping to the system reduces the intensity of vibrations and / or shocks in the seeding unit, preventing excessive stress on the leveling wheel bearings, discs, and mounting bolts.In short, the seeding train is stabilized, generating a uniform, constant, adjustable and independent pressure for each seeding unit, adapting to the working demands due to the irregularities of the terrain, avoiding excessive vibrations in the body of the seeder, and therefore also in the metering unit and seed drop tube located in it, thus guaranteeing excellent dosage and placement of the seed in the soil at a specific separation and depth. homogeneous, without generating excess load on the body or over-compaction of the ground near the seed, resulting in the generation of an optimal seedbed, in all ranges of height and working position, and in all types and conditions of sowing land. 3. Components involved in the object of the invention S: Seeding machine. • Stem with threaded ends (1) • Piston with perforations (2) • Cylinder head (3) • Cylinder head bushing (4) • Cylinder gma (5) • Mounting plate (6) • Lower cylinder reinforcement (7) • Blank cover (8) • Fixing bushing (9) • Pneumatic bellows (10) • Pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11) • Upper fixing device (12) • Upper fixing bolt (13) • Lower fixing device (14) • Lower fixing bolt (15) • Top cover of pneumatic bellows (16) • Parallelogram upper grill (17) • Lower parallelogram grill (18) • Fixed parallelogram front (19) • Parallelogram moving front (20) • Deformable parallelogram (21) • Lower base of the pneumatic bellows (22) • Air compressor (23) • Primary compressed air tank (24) • Air pressure regulator (25) • Manometer (26) • Air duct (27) • Regulated pressure air compensating tank (28) • Air duct (29) • Structural frame of the seeder (30) • Air pressure regulation system (31) • Compensator tank pressure sensor (32) • Electronic Regulator (33) • 3-way solenoid valve with electronic control (34) • Bellows pressure sensor (35) • Processing unit with built-in vibration sensor (36) • Main control unit (37) • CAN communication network (38) • Control and monitoring system (39) • Coupling plate (40) 4. Description of the figures For greater clarity and understanding of the object of the present invention, it has been illustrated in the following figures, in which it has been represented in one of the preferred embodiments, all by way of example, without this implying limitations to the scope of protection of the present invention application, where: Figure 1) shows a top perspective view of the parts comprising the associated assemblies arranged in the seeding train, supported by the structural frame of the seeder (30). The first assembly corresponds to an air pressure regulation system (31) comprising: an air compressor (23), linked to a primary pressurized air tank (24) which in turn is connected to the regulated pressure air compensator tank (28), through the air duct (27) which is associated with an air pressure regulator (25) and a pressure gauge (26). In turn, the aforementioned regulated pressure air compensator tank (28) is connected through the air duct (29) individually to each pneumatic spring device with internal GMA (11), arranged within the structure of each deformable parallelogram (21) of the seeding train. Figure 2) is an exploded view of the parts that make up the internal gma of the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11), where you can see; the rod with threaded ends (1), the piston with perforations (2), the cylinder cap (3), the cylinder cap bushing (4), the gma cylinder (5); the fixing plate (6); the lower cylinder reinforcement (7), the blank cap (8) and the fixing bushing (9). Figure 3) shows a detailed external view of the lower section of the gma cylinder and its base, where the different parts of the assembled unit can be seen; the gma cylinder (5); the fixing plate (6); the lower cylinder reinforcement (7); the blank cover (8) and the fixing bushing (9). Figure 4) is an external view of the assembled internal gma of the pneumatic spring with internal gma (11), without the pneumatic bellows (10). Figure 5) is a view of the assembly of the pneumatic spring device assembly with internal gma (11), where you can see; the upper cover of the pneumatic bellows (16), which supports a connection fitting, the pneumatic bellows (10), the lower base of the pneumatic bellows (22), the rod with threaded ends (1), the cylinder cover (3), the gma cylinder (5); the lower cylinder reinforcement (7), the fixing plate (6) and the fixing bushing (9). Figure 6) is a view of Figure 5) of the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11) assembled. Figure 7) is a cross-section view of the internal section of the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11), in the extended working position, where the pneumatic bellows (10) can be seen in the extended position, and the internal gma assembly also in the extended position, with the threaded end rod (1) which has at its lower end the piston with perforations (2) displaced upwards linearly within the gma cylinder (5), centered by the piston with perforations (2) itself and by the cylinder head bushing (4). Figure 8) is a view of Figure 7) in the compressed working position, where the pneumatic bellows (10) can be seen in the contracted position, and the internal gma assembly also in the contracted position, with the threaded end rod (1) having at its lower end the perforated piston (2) displaced downwards linearly within the gma cylinder (5), centered by the perforated piston (2) itself and by the cylinder head bushing (4). Figure 9) is a view of the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11), where you can see the connection at its upper end with the upper fixing device (12) with the upper fixing bolt (13) and at its lower end with the lower fixing device (14) with the lower fixing bolt (15). Figure 10) is a view of Figure 9) with the fixing devices (12) and (14) installed. Figure 11) is an exploded view of the deformable parallelogram (21) where the parts that make it up can be seen; the fixed front of the deformable parallelogram (19), the moving front of the deformable parallelogram (20) linked by the upper grids of the parallelogram (17) and by the lower grids of the parallelogram (18). Figure 12) is a view of Figure 11) of the assembled deformable parallelogram (21). Figure 13) is a perspective view of the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11), where the arrangement within the deformable parallelogram (21) can be seen, linked by the installed fixing devices (12) and (14). Figure 14) is a side cut view of the deformable parallelogram (21) where it can be seen that the deformable parallelogram is in its lowest position, with the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11) extended. Figure 15) is a view of Figure 14) where you can see that the deformable parallelogram (21) is in its highest position, with the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11) contracted. Figure 16) is a view of the air pressure regulation system (31), where the arrangement of its components can be seen; a regulated pressure air compensator tank (28), a digital pressure sensor (32), an electronic regulator (33) which is contained and integral with a 3-way solenoid valve with electronic regulation (34), in the same housing; a bellows pressure sensor (35); a data processing unit with integrated vibration sensor (36), the aforementioned components are linked to each other and to the main control unit with acceleration sensor (37), by through a CAN type communication network (38), with the function of command and monitoring by the user through said network. Figure 17) is a schematic diagram of the control and monitoring system (39) of the pressure regulation system (31). Figure 18) is a spreadsheet with the values ​​and results of Test No. 1, where the force applied by the leveling wheel can be seen, along with the table showing the recorded pressure and weight values ​​for each of the test conditions, according to the degree of inclination of the pneumatic spring with internal GMA (11). The same figure shows the results obtained from Test 1; Measurement WITHOUT the compensating reservoir connected, and Test 2; Measurement WITH the compensating reservoir connected. Figure 19) is a spreadsheet with the values ​​and results of Test 3: Field Verification, where the results obtained can be seen. 5. Detailed description of the invention The subject of this application relates to a "seeding machine" with a pneumatic spring device applied to the seeding units. The pneumatic spring device with internal GMA (11) is linked to an air pressure regulation system (31) and associated with a control and monitoring system (39) of the pressure regulation system (31). In such a way that the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11) is installed in the seeding trains or bodies of the seeding machine within the deformable parallelograms, mechanically coupled with the upper (12) and lower (14) fixing devices, as detailed below. The pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11) comprises two assemblies, namely: a) an external gma cylinder (5) containing inside a rod with threaded ends (1). b) A pneumatic bellows (10) Where: a) The gma cylinder (5) consists of a seamless rolled cylinder or tube, made of type steel “SAE” with an outside diameter of 38.1 mm with walls 2 mm thick, where at its lower end it is inserted into the lower reinforcement of the cylinder (7), made of a cylindrical tube with a seam of “SAE” 1010 type steel with an inside diameter of 38.1 mm with walls of 4 mm and a length of 73 mm, on which an outside recess of 2 mm is machined leaving 20 mm unmachined in its axial length to act as a support for the fixing plate (6); The gma cylinder (5) is closed at the base with a blank cap (8) made of “SAE” 1010 type steel, 35 mm in diameter and 4 mm thick, where in turn the aforementioned blank cap (8) is linked to the fixing bushing (9) made of “SAE” 1045 type steel, 30 mm in diameter and 55 mm long.In turn, the lower reinforcement of the cylinder (7), mentioned above, has a protruding edge on its lower outer face with a larger diameter than the rest of the body. This edge serves to support a cylindrical mounting plate or fixing plate (6) with a central hole, through which it connects to the lower reinforcement of the cylinder (7). It also has two adjacent holes on its surface that serve as anchor points for the pneumatic bellows (10). All the aforementioned parts are mechanically joined together by welding, forming a single piece, as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. The threaded rod (1) consists of a hardened, ground bar cylinder made of SAE 1045 steel, with a male thread at each end. Its lower end is mechanically connected with adjustable nuts and washers to a perforated piston head (2) made of graphite-coated Teflon. This piston head has a central hole and four equidistant, adjacent holes. At its upper end, after passing through the cylinder head (3) via the cylinder head bushing (4) inserted into it, and then into the cylinder (5) on the side of the perforated piston (2), it is connected with adjustable nuts and washers to the upper cover of the pneumatic bellows (16) and the upper fixing bolt (13). This completes the assembly shown in Figures 2 and 4. b) The pneumatic rubber bellows (10) consists of a tubular bellows section made of composite rubber material (rubber and fabrics), closed at its ends by two circular and airtight cast aluminum metal caps (16) and (22), with a central concentric hole where it is coupled with the pneumatic spring device assembly with internal gma (11), (see Figure 4), defined by the assembly of “a threaded rod (1), integral with the perforated piston (2), the cylinder head (3), the cylinder head bushing (4), associated with the internal gma cylinder (5), the fixing plate (6), the lower cylinder reinforcement (7), the blanking plate (8), and the fixing bushing (9), of the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11) previously described. In turn, the upper cover of the pneumatic bellows (16), at its upper end, is linked by a nut to the upper ½” male thread of the threaded rod (1) and associated with a “racord” type air connector, and the lower base of the pneumatic bellows (22) is linked to the fixing plate (6) at its lower end with bolts, thus forming the complete assembly of the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11). Fig. 5) and Fig. 6). Assembly method 1. Insert the lower thread of the stem with threaded ends (1) through the central hole in the perforated piston (2), tightening with the corresponding nut. Fig. 2). 2. Insert the fixing plate (6) into the lower cylinder reinforcement (7) up to the stepped section and hermetically bond it by welding the lower part of the fixing plate (6), according to Fig. 3). 3. Insert the gma cylinder (5) through the top of the previously welded parts (6) and (7) until they are aligned at the bottom edge, then close with the blanking plate (8), securing the parts with a weld to ensure a watertight seal. Next, weld the fixing bushing (9) to the bottom of the blanking plate (8), thus forming a single piece, as shown in Fig. 3). 4. Insert the threaded rod (1) into the gma cylinder (5) on the lower side where the perforated piston (2) is attached. 5. Press the cylinder head bushing (4) into the cylinder head (3). 6. Insert into the center hole of the cylinder head bushing (4), already placed in the head of cylinder (3), the upper end of the stem with threaded ends (1) and attach the cylinder cap (3) to the gma cylinder (5) and link them by means of welding; thus forming the internal gma assembly of Fig. 4). 7. Insert the internal gma formed by the lower base of the pneumatic bellows (22) until it stops against the fixing plate (6), ensuring its hermetic fixation by means of adjustable bolts. In the same process, insert the upper thread of the stem with threaded ends (1) into the central perforation that the upper cover of the pneumatic bellows (16) has, ensuring its hermetic fixation by means of a washer and adjustable nut, Fig. 5), thus forming the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11), Fig. 6). The gma cylinder assembly (5) with its base, together with the cylinder head (3) containing the cylinder head bushing (4), in conjunction with the perforated piston (2), maintains the threaded rod (1) in a centered position relative to the radius of the pneumatic bellows (10), allowing only axial movement. The material from which the perforated piston (2) and the cylinder head bushing (4) are made allows both the threaded rod (1) and the perforated piston (2) to slide with minimal friction within the gma cylinder (5). The perforations in the perforated piston (2) allow the air inside the gma cylinder (5) to maintain the same pressure regardless of the position of the internally charged pneumatic spring (11), even at its extreme positions.These assemblies and internal design features guarantee the optimal working position of the pneumatic bellows and the free vertical movement of the rod with threaded ends (1). See Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). The pneumatic spring device with internal spring (11) has a variable length within a range equivalent to that of the rubber pneumatic bellows (10), which stretches and contracts within the limits permitted by the internal spring, remaining in all cases within its nominal working conditions. Furthermore, as mentioned in the previous paragraph, the internal spring maintains alignment despite the stretching or shortening of the pneumatic bellows and the radial forces to which the pneumatic spring device with internal spring (11) is exposed under normal working conditions during planting. This ensures the parallelism of the ends of the pneumatic bellows (10) and its perpendicularity to the axis of the assembly. These movement restrictions ensure that the pneumatic bellows (10) will not be subjected to unpredictable stresses and deformations that could cause its breakage or premature wear. (See Fig. 7 and Fig. 8). The deformable parallelogram (21) existing in the seeding bodies or trains of the seeding machines comprises a fixed parallelogram front (19) integral with the structural frame of the seeding machine (30) and a movable parallelogram front (20), which is associated with the seeding train, both linked to each other by the upper parallelogram grids (17) and by the lower parallelogram grids (18). Fig. 11) and Fig. 12). The pneumatic spring device with internal GMA (11) is arranged internally within the deformable parallelogram (21), positioned at an angle of between 10° and 40° from the vertical. This angle is measured when the lower grid of the parallelogram (18) and the upper grid of the parallelogram (17) are parallel to the ground. It is connected at its upper end by the upper fixing bolt (13) to the upper fixing device (12), and at its lower end to the lower fixing device (14) by means of a lower fixing bolt (15). Both fixing bolts allow the pneumatic spring with internal GMA (11) to adjust its position to the movements of the deformable parallelogram (21), ensuring that the appropriate force is exerted regardless of the position and movements of the deformable parallelogram (21) in its nominal working state. Fig. 9), Fig. 10) and Fig. 13). The fixing devices (12) and (14) linked to the deformable parallelogram (21) through the fixing bolts (13) and (15) allow the installation of the pneumatic spring with internal gma (11) in different bodies or seeding trains of seeding machines with deformable parallelogram while also facilitating their replacement, if necessary. Fig. 13). In a seeder with a certain number of seeding trains, an equal number of pneumatic spring devices with internal GMA (11) will be installed, individually connected to an air pressure regulating system (31), directly to the regulated pressure air compensator tank (28) through the air duct (29), in order to ensure independent operation and optimize the functioning of each pneumatic spring device with internal GMA (11), absorbing the overpressure or depression to which the springs are exposed due to the normal movements of the seeding train generated by the irregularities of the terrain in which it is being worked. The air pressure regulation system (31) is mounted on the structural frame of the seeder (30), which allows the direct connection between the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11) and the regulated pressure air compensator tank (28), by means of the air ducts (29). The air pressure regulation system (31) includes; an air compressor (23) contained in a cabinet for protection from normal field environmental conditions, which is connected by a 12 mm or larger polyurethane air duct (27) to a primary pressurized air tank (24), which is linked to a regulated pressure compensating air tank (28) by an air duct (27), passing through an air pressure regulator (25) which has a pressure gauge (26) to display the working pressure of the system, and passing through an electronic regulator (33) which provides fine and dynamic adjustment of the working pressure, which ranges between 10 PSI and 50 PSI depending on the ground conditions on which the work is carried out.The air pressure regulation system (31) is mounted on the structural frame of the seeder (30), which gives it structural robustness and also allows the direct connection between the pneumatic spring devices with internal GMA (11) and the regulated pressure air compensator tank (28), through the air ducts (29), with characteristics similar to the air duct (27), giving them independence in the action to each seeding body that contains the pneumatic spring device with internal GMA (11) installed. Optimal fine-tuning of the load control system can be achieved by properly determining the necessary pneumatic working pressure for different types of terrain and crops, dynamically measuring the behavior of each planting unit with appropriate sensors, and calibrating the air pressure, which is monitored and adjusted while the machine is working, to optimize the system's performance under each working condition to which it is exposed. The air pressure regulation system (31) is of the sealed type and there is no permanent demand for pressurized air generation; the compressor only needs to operate to reach the appropriate air pressure, and eventually to adjust the pressure if it falls outside the operating range specified by the user. The regulated pressure air compensating reservoir (28), as already mentioned, is individually connected to each pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11) through the compensating reservoir air ducts (29) (polyurethane tubes of at least 12 mm of diameter) in order to avoid a restriction in the air circulation of the system and guarantee the independence of operation between the devices pneumatic springs with internal gma (11), stabilizing the pressure exerted by the leveling wheel of each seeding train on the ground, which guarantees the uniformity of the seeding depth at which the seed is deposited due to the correct copying of the terrain and the appropriate working pressure, thus achieving a uniform seeding emergence. The control and monitoring system (39) of the pressure regulation system (31), (See fig.16) with built-in acceleration sensor, is responsible for adjusting the pneumatic pressure of the system in general, taking into consideration the user's instructions and the characteristics of the terrain that are obtained through sensor elements that make up the system, also generating a map of the terrain and the real working conditions performed by each of the planting units that are being monitored. The control and monitoring system (39) contains three fundamental elements that guarantee the fulfillment of its functions: 1) Sensing elements: these are responsible for measuring the control and observation or monitoring variables. The variables to be measured are those listed below: a) Pneumatic pressure in the bellows of each seeding unit, using a sensor bellows pressure (35). b) Pneumatic Pressure in the system's air compensator tank, by means of the compensator tank pressure sensor (32). c) Vibrations of the seeding bodies at the height of the metering unit are measured accelerations to which the seeding body is subjected and is an integral part of the Processing Unit with built-in vibration sensor (36) of each seeding body. d) Force applied to the ground by the leveling wheel is a variable that is It is obtained by calculation based on the mechanical characteristics of the seeding body, the angle at which the spring is placed and the air pressure present in it. e) Record the movements of the seed drill frame to be compared to the movements recorded by each processing unit with sensors of incorporated acceleration (36) located in the seeding bodies, in such a way as to allow determining the efficiency of the ground copying function of each seeding train and applying the necessary corrective actions on the pneumatic working pressure of the pneumatic springs with internal gma (11), by means of the main control unit with incorporated acceleration sensor, accelerometers and gyroscopes (37), arranged in the regulated pressure air compensator tank (28), supported by the structural frame of the seeder (30), by means of the fixing plate (40) 2) Actuator Elements: These are responsible for performing the actions that are appropriate The system states are adjusted to achieve optimal results based on terrain conditions and configurations. It basically consists of the following components or control elements: a) ON-OFF system for compressor: relay system that allows enabling or Disable compressor power supply directly from the user interface, via the Main Control Unit (37). b) Electronic Pressure Switch: defines when to turn the compressor on or off. Maintain regulated air pressure in the primary tank. This element is part of the air compressor's own pressure control system (27). c) Electronic Regulator (33): performs a fine and dynamic adjustment of the pressure of The regulated air compensator (28) is controlled by a 3-way electronically regulated solenoid valve (34) that allows the air pressure in the regulated air compensator (28) to be increased or decreased, as well as sealed to maintain constant pressure. The Electronic Regulator (33) is located downstream of the air pressure regulator (25), on the air duct (27) that connects the primary pressurized air tank (24) to the regulated pressurized air compensator (28). 3) Processing Elements: a) Processing Unit with built-in vibration sensor (36): each The planting body will have its own processing unit that internally has acceleration sensors and reads the bellows pressure sensor (35), stores the data obtained, and communicates via the CAN communication network (38) with the Main Control Unit (37), sending it the requested information. b) Main Control Unit (MCU) (37): based on the values ​​of the variables Based on measurements taken by processing units with integrated vibration sensors (36), the analyses performed, and the system configurations provided by the user, it will make decisions that execute commands on the specified Actuator Elements to adjust the system's operation. Furthermore, it communicates via the CAN communication network (38) with a Human-Machine Interface (HMI) located in the tractor. • Operating Principle Pneumatic spring device with internal guide (11). The pneumatic spring device with internal GMA (11) is arranged within the deformable parallelogram (21) of each seeding body or train, in an inclined position that can be adjusted between 10° and 40° with respect to the vertical when the lower grid of the parallelogram (18) and the upper grid of the parallelogram (17) are in a position parallel to the ground, which allows a second degree of freedom in the regulation, since at a greater angle of inclination, less air pressure is required to exert the same force on the ground.It has a fixing device (14) at the bottom of the deformable parallelogram using the lower fixing bolt (15) that secures the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11), and an upper fixing device (12) that has an upper fixing bolt (13) that links the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11), through the rod with threaded ends (1) to said upper fixing device (12), giving it independent mobility with respect to the upper (17) and lower (18) grills of the deformable parallelogram (21) and allows the adjustment of the angle of attack.The pneumatic spring device with internal GMA (11), working in this way, improves the function compared to the spring by adding damping to the system thanks to the constructive properties of the pneumatic bellows (10) and the physical properties of air, reducing the magnitudes of vibrations and / or shocks due to the irregularities of the terrain, resulting in better working conditions for the entire planting system, regardless of its type, guaranteeing uniformity in the planting depth and in the distribution of the seeds, because the metering devices work better and the seed falls with less bounce through the drop tube, over-compaction in the soil near the seed is also avoided, and It reduces fatigue in all the mechanical elements of the seeder. For its part, the internal GMA system (Fig. 4) linked to the pneumatic bellows (10) allows it to work at angles other than 0° with respect to the vertical without deformation of the bellows (10) itself, and ensures that the direction of force application is parallel to the internal GMA (Figs. 7 and 8), which makes the work of the pneumatic spring device with internal GMA (11) more efficient within the deformable parallelogram (21), maintaining a constant load on the ground and making the appropriate contour following it to achieve maximum effectiveness in placing the seeds at the same depth and with optimal conditions of the furrow that forms the seeding unit. • Air pressure regulation system (31) The air pressure regulator (25) allows manual adjustment of the system's working pressure by reading its setting on a pressure gauge (26). The air pressure regulation system is connected via an air line (27) to the regulated pressure air compensator (28), passing through an electronic regulator (33) which provides fine and dynamic adjustment of the working pressure and is part of the pressure regulation system (39). The pneumatic spring devices with internal GMA (11) are connected directly to the regulated pressure air compensator (28) independently via the air line (29) to provide the same pressure to all the pneumatic spring devices with internal GMA (11), ensuring identical operating conditions in each seeding unit. • Function of the compensating tank (28) The regulated pressure air compensator (28) has the primary purpose of stabilizing the air pressure in each of the pneumatic spring devices with internal GMA (11) by means of a direct and independent connection to each of the pneumatic spring devices with internal GMA (11), and absorbing the pressure variations that occur due to their dynamic movements during fieldwork. To achieve this, tests determined that the volume of the regulated pressure air compensator (28) must be at least twice the total volume of the pneumatic spring devices with internal GMA (11) connected via the air ducts (29), which comprise a polyurethane tube. 12 mm diameter with fittings suitable for this tube, which has the function of allowing sufficient airflow between each of the pneumatic spring devices with internal GMA (11) and the regulated pressure air compensating tank (28), in order to absorb the pressure variations that occur in each pneumatic spring device with internal GMA (11) without significantly affecting the rest of the springs that are connected to it, guaranteeing the independence of their operation, thus stabilizing the force exerted by the leveling wheel on the ground and reducing the amplitude of vibrations and shocks in each body or seeding train independently.It also affects the dosing system mounted on each seeding unit, improving its environmental working conditions and ensuring correct and uniform seeding depth at all times, without generating over-compaction in the ground near the seed that negatively affects the seeding process. Tests Performed With the main objective of demonstrating the behavior of the system and characterizing it under different working conditions, a series of tests were proposed, which are described below. Test 1: Force applied by the leveling wheel Aim; Obtain the variation of force exerted by the leveling wheel at ground level with respect to the pneumatic pressure applied to the system and the angle of attack of the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11). Essay Description An individual planting unit was mounted on a support structure that kept it suspended but stable. A scale was then placed at the bottom to support the leveling wheel, allowing us to measure the force applied by the unit under different system conditions. In turn, a pneumatic installation was set up that meets the typical application characteristics mentioned in the current text, so that the conditions are as representative as possible of those to which the seeding body will be exposed in nominal work. First, the dead weight exerted by the body was measured with the entire system assembled but without pneumatic pressure applied to establish a baseline reference. The pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11) was then placed at an angle of 15° inside the deformable parallelogram, and the applied pneumatic pressure was varied in steps of 7 PSI (equivalent to approximately 0.5 kg / cm2) while the force applied to the leveling wheels was recorded on the scale, starting from 0 PSI to 49 PSI of pneumatic pressure. Finally, the same test was repeated, but varying the position in which the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11) was placed, from 15° to 18° of inclination with respect to the vertical within the deformable parallelogram. Results Obtained The following table shows the recorded pressure and weight values ​​for each of the test conditions: See Figure 18). Conclusions: 1. It can be observed that the greater the angle of placement of the spring device The greater the internal GMA (11) of the tire relative to the vertical, the greater the average variation of the force applied to the leveling wheel, as a function of the system pressure. For 15° the variation is 0.86 [kg / PSI] while for an angle of 18° it is 1.05 [kg / PSI], in this particular seeding unit. 2. Clearly the system does not have a linear behavior, in its function of Variation of force in the leveling wheel with respect to pneumatic pressure, which strengthens the need for an autonomous control system that monitors, records and regulates the desired working conditions to optimize the results in planting. Test 2: Impact of the compensating tank on the system Aim Demonstrate the usefulness and impact of the compensating reservoir by comparing the system pressure variations when the pneumatic spring device moves from a fully open / extended position to a fully closed / contracted position, and vice versa. Essay Description With the system mounted in the same way as in Test 1, a series of measurements of the pressure variations in the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11) were carried out, first without the compensating tank connected and then connecting the compensating tank, regulating the pneumatic system to two different working pressures for each of the initial states of the spring device, fully open / extended and fully closed / contracted, and subsequently taking it to its opposite extreme position. Trial Results The following tables show the results obtained in the trials with the two conditions mentioned above, where the columns have the meanings explained below: • Initial position of the spring device: indicates whether the adjustment was made with the spring in the open / extended state (Fig. 7) or in the closed / contracted state (Fig. 8). • Starting Measurement: Indicates the pneumatic pressure to which the system was set in its initial position [PSI] and the force applied at ground level measured on the leveling wheels [kg]. • End Measurement: Indicates the pneumatic pressure measured when the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11) reached its final position (open / extended or closed / contracted) [PSI] and the force applied at ground level measured on the leveling wheels [kg]. • Variation: Shows the calculation of the variations in pneumatic pressure in the system [PSI] and of the force applied at ground level measured on the leveling wheels [kg], recorded in both working conditions of the pneumatic spring device with internal gma (11), considering final measurement less initial measurement. Test 1: Measurement WITHOUT the compensating tank connected (See figure 18) Test 2: Measurement WITH compensating tank connected (See figure 18) Conclusions 1. It is observed that for both starting conditions, the variation recorded in the Pressure and the force applied at ground level to the leveling wheels is much lower in the system that has the compensating tank connected compared to when the latter is not connected. 2. The pressure variation in the system without a compensating tank is in the range of 10 to 12 PSI, while in the system with the compensating tank connected it is in the range of 2 to 4 PSI; that is, at least 3 times lower. 3. The variation of the force applied at ground level measured at the wheels The leveling force is in the range of 7 kg to 12 kg, representing a variation of between 6% and 10%. In contrast, with the system connected to the compensating tank, this same force varies from 1 kg to 3 kg, representing a percentage variation of between 1% and 2.6%, which is at least five times less variation compared to the system without the compensating tank. 4. These results confirm the importance and positive impact regarding the The objective sought is to stabilize the pressure of the leveling wheel on the ground, which has the incorporation of the compensating tank. TEST 3: Field verification (See figure 19) Aim Verify the improvements in planting conditions with the developed system through a real application, under nominal field working conditions, measuring the emergence of the seeds in a comparative manner with respect to a conventional spring system, exposing both systems to the same real working conditions. Essay Description In an Apache brand seeding machine, model 27,000, with 24 rows at 52 cm, with pneumatic metering devices and spring systems, of which 12 were replaced by the pneumatic spring device system with internal gm (11) developed, thus leaving half the machine with each of the systems in order to make comparisons under similar soil and climate conditions. The trials were conducted for planting corn and sunflower crops, in tilled and no-till plots respectively. The working pressure of the pneumatic system was also varied in different areas of the plot to verify the impact of this variable on the expected results. Measurements were taken by independent professional agronomists to obtain the most judicious and objective evaluation possible. Results In the first observation after sowing, both in the tilled plot and in the no-till plot, it was that in the part sown with the pneumatic spring device system with internal GMA (11) the ridge (understood as the covered furrow that remains after sowing) is well formed, while in the system with springs a small trench is left open, which contributes to two main aspects: 1. To have greater control over moisture loss in the planting line 2. In the event of a sudden rain, pre-emergence to the crop has a lower probability to prevent water from accumulating, avoiding possible waterlogging in the planting line. Average measurements of emerged plants, obtained in the plots where sunflowers were sown, 15 days after the sowing date. See figure 19). Average measurements of emerged plants, obtained in the plots where maize was sown, 10 days after the sowing date. See figure 19) In both cases, a better distribution of seeds and uniformity of emergence was observed in the furrows that were sown with the pneumatic system. Conclusions Based on the results collected, under nominal working conditions, simultaneously with the spring system that is intended to be replaced, we can say that: 1. For both corn and sunflower seeds, the system shows a better distribution of seeds and quantity and uniformity of births in the furrows that the seeder has the pneumatic spring device system with internal gma (11). 2. Different behavior was observed for each crop with respect to pressure pneumatics applied. While in the plots sown with corn the best results were obtained at higher pneumatic working pressure, the direct seeding plots with sunflower behaved exactly the opposite. 3. The results obtained confirm that the developed device system The pneumatic spring with internal GMA (11) represents a substantial improvement in results compared to the conventional spring system, and by being able to regulate the working pressure of 5. More precisely than with the spring system, the quality of planting can be optimized depending on the crop and the type of soil being worked. See Figure 19). NORBERTO BARREIRO - 23121542269 Digitally signed by PORTALTRAMITES - INPI Date: 2023.12.22 18:25:39 -03:00 Reason: Digitally Signed by the INPI Location: Buenos Aires, Argentina 2573576 26 of 26

Claims

1. A seeding machine comprising a structural frame (30) and at least one seeding unit provided with a deformable parallelogram (21), inside which is arranged a pneumatic actuator with internal guide (11), said pneumatic actuator with internal guide (11) being linked by an air duct (29) to a regulated pressure air compensator (28), for regulating and stabilizing the pressure applied to the seeding unit, characterized in that the regulation is obtained by the functional interaction between the pneumatic actuator with internal guide (11) and the regulated pressure air compensator (28), linked by said air duct (29), within the assembly of the seeding unit with deformable parallelogram (21). 3 Claims follow