ARRANGEMENT FOR COOLING A FUEL CELL AND AN ELECTRIC DRIVE AND / OR DRIVE MOTOR OF A VEHICLE

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement (10) for a vehicle, in particular for a motor vehicle (1), comprising a fuel cell (2), an electric traction and / or propulsion motor, the arrangement (10) comprising a single cooling circuit (5) cooling the fuel cell (2) and the electric motor, the cooling circuit (5) comprising two parts, a first high-flow rate and high-temperature part comprising a high-temperature exchanger, in particular a first part arranged to cool the fuel cell (2), and a second low-flow rate and low-temperature part comprising a low-temperature exchanger, in particular a second part arranged to cool the electric motor.

Description

[0001] Arrangement for cooling a fuel cell and an electric traction and / or propulsion motor of a vehicle.

[0002] Technical field of the invention

[0003] The invention relates to a cooling arrangement for a fuel cell, an electric traction and / or propulsion motor, and auxiliaries of this system for a vehicle, particularly a motor vehicle. The invention also relates to a vehicle comprising such an arrangement. The invention further relates to a method of operating such an arrangement.

[0004] Prior art

[0005] A vehicle, especially a car, generally needs a long range, particularly for long journeys. Therefore, a vehicle equipped with an electric traction and / or propulsion battery typically includes a supplementary electrical power source to minimize the size, weight, and cost of the onboard battery. For example, a battery might offer a range of 300 to 400 km, and a supplementary source, usually a fuel cell, could provide a range of around 400 km. Generally, the supplementary source is only used when the battery is depleted, which occurs when its charge reaches 20% of its total capacity.

[0006] A vehicle equipped with an electric traction and / or propulsion battery typically includes a thermal management or cooling system for the electric motor driven by the battery's electrical energy and, more generally, a cooling system for the electrical power chain (power electronics, DC voltage converters such as low-voltage to high-voltage and / or high-voltage to low-voltage converters, charger, electric motor(s), etc.). A vehicle incorporating a means of electrical energy production, such as a fuel cell, also requires a cooling system for that means of electrical energy production.

[0007] Thus, a vehicle comprising an electric battery powering an electric traction and / or propulsion motor of the vehicle and a fuel cell requires cooling for the electrical power chain and for the fuel cell.

[0008] However, the operating temperature range of the electrical power system connected to the traction and / or propulsion battery and the operating temperature range of the fuel cell are not identical, and may not even overlap. Furthermore, the heat output of the fuel cell is significantly greater than that of the electrical power system.

[0009] Presentation of the invention

[0010] The aim of the invention is to provide an arrangement that overcomes the above drawbacks. In particular, the invention relates to a method for operating such an arrangement.

[0011] To achieve this objective, the invention relates to a vehicle arrangement, particularly for motor vehicles, comprising:

[0012] - a fuel cell,

[0013] - an electric traction and / or propulsion motor, the arrangement comprising a single cooling circuit cooling the fuel cell and the electric motor, the cooling circuit comprising two parts:

[0014] - a first part with high flow and high temperature comprising a high temperature exchanger, in particular a first part arranged to cool the fuel cell, and - a second part with low flow and low temperature comprising a low temperature exchanger, in particular a second part arranged to cool the electric motor.

[0015] The low temperature exchanger may include an inlet and the high temperature exchanger may include an outlet, the outlet of the high temperature exchanger being able to be directly connected to the inlet of the low temperature exchanger.

[0016] The arrangement may include an electric traction and / or propulsion system for such a vehicle, the system possibly including the electric traction and / or propulsion motor, an intake air compressor and / or cooler, including supercharged intake air, and / or one or more power electronics components, the system possibly being arranged to be cooled by the second part of the cooling circuit.

[0017] The first part may include a high flow pump, in particular a high flow rate of between 8000 l / h and 9000 l / h, and the second part may include a low flow pump, in particular a low flow rate of between 2000 l / h and 3000 l / h.

[0018] The arrangement may include an air heater intended to heat the passenger compartment of such a vehicle, the air heater being able to be arranged on a branch of the first part of the circuit or being able to be arranged on the second part, in particular downstream of the cooling of the chain.

[0019] The invention further relates to a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, comprising an arrangement as defined above. The invention further relates to a method of operating an arrangement as defined above, and, when the vehicle is in motion, the fluid admitted into the high-temperature exchanger is at a first temperature, in particular a first temperature between 77 degrees and 83 degrees, and exits at a second temperature, in particular a second temperature between 71 degrees and 77 degrees, and the fluid admitted into the low-temperature exchanger is, or is substantially, at the second temperature and exits at a third temperature, in particular a third temperature between 62 degrees and 68 degrees.

[0020] Prior to the start-up of the fuel cell, the first part and / or the second part of the cooling circuit can heat and / or maintain the fuel cell at a predetermined temperature.

[0021] Prior to the start-up of the fuel cell, the air heater can be circulated by the fluid in order to warm the passenger compartment.

[0022] If the vehicle is running on battery power, the high-flow pump can be switched off.

[0023] When the vehicle is running on fuel cell power alone, and in negative outside temperatures, the heat generated by the drive system and the fuel cell can be transferred to the coolant flowing through the air heater, and the circulation of the coolant through the high and low temperature radiators or heat exchangers can be interrupted.

[0024] Presentation of the figures

[0025] These objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following description of an embodiment and of embodiments given by way of non-limiting agreement in relation to the accompanying figures, among which: Figure 1 is a schematic view of a vehicle according to an embodiment; Figure 2 is a diagram of a cooling circuit according to an embodiment; Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating flows within the cooling circuit when using electrical energy from a fuel cell to move the vehicle according to the embodiment; Figure 4 is another diagram illustrating flows within the cooling circuit when using electrical energy from the fuel cell to move the vehicle according to the embodiment;Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating flows within the cooling circuit when using a traction battery and / or the fuel cell to power the vehicle according to the embodiment; Figure 6 is another diagram illustrating flows within the cooling circuit when using the traction and / or propulsion battery to power the vehicle according to the embodiment; Figure 7 is another diagram illustrating flows within the cooling circuit when using the traction and / or propulsion battery to power the vehicle according to the embodiment; Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating flows within the cooling circuit when using the traction and / or propulsion battery to power the vehicle according to the embodiment; Figure 9 is a diagram of a cooling circuit according to a variant of the embodiment.

[0026] Detailed description

[0027] Figure 1 schematically illustrates a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle 1, according to one embodiment. The vehicle includes a passenger compartment 6. The vehicle includes a means of producing electrical energy, preferably a fuel cell 2. The vehicle further includes an electric traction and / or propulsion battery 3 intended to store electrical energy. The vehicle further includes an electric traction and / or propulsion power system 40 capable of using the electrical energy supplied by the battery 3 and / or by the means of producing electrical energy, for movement.

[0028] The vehicle still includes a 10-piece layout.

[0029] The arrangement 10 includes the fuel cell 2 and an electric motor 42 for traction and / or propulsion. The arrangement 10 further includes a single cooling circuit 5. Advantageously, the arrangement 10 includes the electrical power chain 40. The circuit 5 cools the fuel cell 2 and the electric motor 42. A fluid or liquid, for example deionized water, is intended to circulate within the cooling circuit 5.

[0030] Note that the vehicle preferably includes a battery cooling system 3 independent of the cooling circuit 5.

[0031] As illustrated in Figure 2, the cooling circuit 5 comprises two parts 20, 30.

[0032] A first section 20, shown in solid lines in Figure 2, is high-flow and / or high-temperature. The first section 20 includes a high-temperature radiator or heat exchanger 22. Preferably, the first section 20 is arranged to cool the fuel cell 2. Preferably, the first section 20 includes a high-flow pump 21, for example, a high flow rate of between 8000 l / h and 9000 l / h.

[0033] A second section 30, shown as a dashed line in Figure 2, is low-flow and / or low-temperature. This second section 30 includes a low-temperature radiator or heat exchanger 32. Preferably, this second section 30 is arranged to cool the electric motor 42 and, more generally, the entire electric power chain 40. Advantageously, the electric traction and / or propulsion chain 40 includes the electric motor 42, a compressor 44 and / or an intake air cooler 43, for example, for supercharged intake air, and / or one or more power electronics components 41. Power electronics components 41 include, for example, an inverter, and / or one or two DC voltage converters, and / or a charger. The electric motor 42 may include an oil-water heat exchanger if it is oil-cooled. For example, compressor 44 is electric and / or supplies the fuel cell with air.Preferably, the second part 30 includes a low flow pump 31, for example a low flow between 2000 l / h and 3000 l / h.

[0034] Thus, the second part 30 allows this chain 40 to be cooled by directly cooling its components or by means of integrated coolers or heat exchangers adapted to these components. Preferably, as illustrated in Figure 2, the components of the chain 40 are arranged in parallel. Therefore, the flow exiting the pump 31 can, for example, be divided to cool each component, with the fluid circulating in separate conduits supplying each heat exchanger of each component. Preferably, the low-flow pump 31 is arranged upstream and close to the chain 40.

[0035] In other words, circuit 5 is a means of thermal management of the fuel cell 2 and the electrical power chain 40.

[0036] More specifically, the low-temperature heat exchanger 32 includes an inlet or inlet 32E through which the fluid enters the heat exchanger 32. The high-temperature heat exchanger 22 includes an outlet or drain 22S through which the fluid exits the heat exchanger 22. The outlet 22S of the high-temperature heat exchanger 22 is directly, or substantially directly, connected to the inlet 32E of the low-temperature heat exchanger 32. In other words, the fluid exiting the high-temperature heat exchanger 22 enters the low-temperature heat exchanger 32 directly or substantially directly. To achieve this, a junction J3 is arranged between the first part 20 and the second part 30 of the circuit 5. This junction J3 is arranged between the outlet 22S and the inlet 32E so as to allow the fluid exiting the high-temperature heat exchanger 22 to enter, preferably directly or substantially directly, the low-temperature heat exchanger 32.Thus, the J3 junction allows the cooling fluid to pass from the first part 20 at high pressure and / or high temperature to the second part 30 at low pressure and / or low temperature.

[0037] Preferably, the arrangement 10 includes a heater radiator or air heater 51 intended to heat the passenger compartment 6. For example, as illustrated in Figure 2, the air heater 51 is arranged on a branch 50 of the first part 20 of the circuit 5.

[0038] Alternatively, as illustrated in Figure 9, a variant embodiment includes the air heater arranged on the second part 30 of the circuit 5. For example, the air heater is downstream of the cooling of the chain 40, preferably on a branch 70 of the second part 30.

[0039] Preferably, the arrangement 10 further includes a hydrogen heater 53 and / or a deionizer 52. Preferably, this hydrogen heater and / or this deionizer are arranged at the branch 50.

[0040] Advantageously, the first part 20 and the second part 30 include conduits and / or hoses to ensure the flow or transfer of fluid between the elements to be cooled. Thus, the fuel cell benefits from a high flow rate of cooling fluid, the fluid being driven primarily by the pump 21 through this first part 20.

[0041] Preferably, the arrangement 10 includes a coolant filling and degassing reservoir 23. The circuit 5 preferably includes a branch 60 at which the reservoir 23 is installed.

[0042] Obviously, the first and second parts 20, 30 include conduits and / or hoses that complement them (not referenced).

[0043] As illustrated in figures 2 to 9, a valve V1, preferably a three-way valve, is arranged at the first part 20. For example, as illustrated in figure 2, a port V1_1 of the valve V1 is connected to the pump 21. The port V1_1 allows the passage of the fluid to be stopped or to be allowed to pass to a port V1_2 and / or to a port V1_3. Switching from line V1_1 to line V1_2 only allows all the fluid passing through valve V1 to be sent to the high-temperature heat exchanger 22. Indeed, line V1_2 is connected to the inlet or intake of the heat exchanger 22. Switching from line V1_1 to line V1_3 only allows all the fluid passing through valve V1 to be sent to the rest of the high-pressure circuit without being cooled by the high-temperature heat exchanger 22. In other words, the high-temperature heat exchanger 22 is bypassed, not passed through; that is to say, the heat exchanger 22 undergoes a bypass.

[0044] Preferably, as illustrated in Figure 2, a junction J2 is arranged between valve V1 and pump 21. Junction J2 allows the cooling fluid to flow from the first section 20, which is at high pressure and / or high temperature, to the second section 30, which is at low pressure and / or low temperature. Advantageously, as illustrated in Figures 2 to 9, a valve V2, for example a two-way valve, is arranged between the first section 20 and the second section 30 of circuit 5. For example, valve V2 is arranged between the high-pressure pump 21 and the low-pressure pump 31, for example at or substantially at junction J2.

[0045] Advantageously, as illustrated in particular in Figures 2, 7, and 8, a valve V3, for example a two-way valve, is arranged on the first section 20 of the circuit 5 downstream of the high-temperature heat exchanger 22. As will be seen later, this valve V3 allows the fluid flow to be stopped in the branch where it is located. Thus, by closing the valve V3, all the fluid leaving the high-temperature heat exchanger 22 is forced to enter the low-temperature heat exchanger 32 via the junction J3 between the first section 20 and the second section 30.

[0046] Preferably, as illustrated in Figure 2, a junction J1 allows the cooling fluid to flow from the second part 30 at low pressure and / or low temperature to the first part 20 at high pressure and / or high temperature. Advantageously, this junction J1 is arranged downstream of the chain 40.

[0047] To prevent the fluid from cooling the components arranged in branch 50, valve V2 and port V1_1 of valve V1 are simultaneously closed. The fluid thus circulates without having been cooled by heat exchangers 22 and 32, notably through branch 60 extending between junction J1 and the inlet of pump 21 where reservoir 23 is located.

[0048] For example, the fuel cell 2 is arranged between the junction J1 or substantially the junction J1 and the inlet of the pump 21.

[0049] Preferably, as illustrated in Figure 2, a valve V4, for example a two-way valve, is arranged upstream of the fuel cell 2. With valve V4 closed, it prevents the fluid from cooling the fuel cell 2. In this case, the fluid is discharged through branch 60 to reservoir 23. Preferably, the pump 21 is therefore located immediately after the fuel cell 2, for example, at the point where the fluid return from reservoir 23 is connected, at a connection C (illustrated in Figure 2). Advantageously, this point of entry for reservoir 23 is at the lowest pressure in circuit 5. From this point, the pump 21 increases the fluid pressure to force it towards the high-temperature radiator 22, in the case of a valve V1 connecting ports V1_1 and V1_2.

[0050] Execution methods for the operating processes of arrangement 10 are described below.

[0051] Figure 6 illustrates a mode in which the vehicle runs on electrical energy stored in battery 3. For example, the outside temperature is hot, as in summer. Under such conditions, the chain 40 requires optimal cooling. To achieve this, port V1_3 of valve V1 is closed, thus blocking the bypass passage of the high-temperature heat exchanger 22. Valve V2 is closed, while valves V3 and V4 are open. The fluid exiting the high-pressure pump 21 goes directly into the high-temperature heat exchanger 22 and then into the low-temperature heat exchanger 32 via junction J3. The fluid exiting heat exchanger 32 then flows through the chain 40 before splitting at junction J1. Part of the flow goes from J1 to the low-temperature heat exchanger 32 after passing through valve V3, without passing through and therefore without being cooled by the high-temperature heat exchanger 22.It is therefore mixed with the fluid exiting the high-temperature heat exchanger 22 before entering the low-temperature heat exchanger 32. Another portion of the flow cools branch 50 before returning to heat exchanger 22. The remaining flow from J1 goes to the fuel cell 2 before reaching the high-pressure pump 21. In this mode, all the components of the electric traction and / or propulsion system 40 benefit from optimal cooling thanks to the two heat exchangers 22 and 32 arranged in series. Preferably, if needed, pump 21 contributes to the fluid circulation within circuit 5, which increases the fluid flow rate. In this case, both pumps operate, further improving the cooling of the system 40. In this mode, used for example in summer when it is hot, and the vehicle is running on electricity supplied by the battery 3, the cooling of the system is significantly improved.

[0052] Figure 7 illustrates an improvement in the cooling of the system 40, particularly in hot conditions, such as summer, when the vehicle is running on electrical power supplied by the battery 3. Valve V3 on the main branch exiting the high-temperature heat exchanger 22 is closed, thus eliminating the flow in this branch. Port V1_3 of valve V1 is closed, preventing fluid from returning from junction J1 to the heat exchanger 22. Finally, valve V2 is closed, preventing fluid from entering the second section 30 through it. Thus, the entire flow through the high-temperature heat exchanger 22 enters the low-temperature heat exchanger 32. Passing through both radiators, first the high-temperature one and then the low-temperature one, maximizes fluid cooling and consequently the cooling of the components of the system 40.Preferably, the flow arriving at junction J1 passes through fuel fold 2 to maintain it at, or close to, a given temperature. Maintaining this temperature of the fuel cell promotes its subsequent start-up. In this configuration, the cooling of chain 40 is optimal.

[0053] As mentioned previously, Figure 9 illustrates a variant of the arrangement 10 in the cooling circuit 5, more precisely in the second part 30. Indeed, the position of the vehicle's passenger compartment heater radiator 51 is arranged on a branch 70, for example after the junction of the ducts of each component of the chain 40. Thus, the flow through the heater 51 is greater since it corresponds to the total flow through the chain 40. The branch 50 including the deionizer then has a lower flow rate.

[0054] When the vehicle is in operation using electrical energy produced by the fuel cell 2, as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, and / or when one or more components of the system 40 are in use, cooling is necessary. Since the fuel cell, and indeed the entire circuit, is hot, the fluid entering the high-temperature heat exchanger 22 is at a first temperature. For example, this first temperature is between 77 and 83 degrees Celsius, preferably around 80 degrees Celsius. The fluid exits the high-temperature heat exchanger 22 at a second temperature. For example, this second temperature is between 71 and 77 degrees Celsius, preferably around 74 degrees Celsius. The fluid exiting the high-temperature heat exchanger 22 and entering the low-temperature heat exchanger 32 is, or is substantially, at this second temperature.The fluid exits the low-temperature exchanger 32 at a third temperature. The third temperature is between 62 degrees and 68 degrees, preferably around 65 degrees.

[0055] To achieve this, valve V1 only allows passage from channel V1_1 to channel V1_2. Valve V2 is then closed (indicated by a cross) so that the fluid exiting pump 21 does not enter the second section 30 at valve V2. Thus, the fluid, notably from fuel cell 2, is sent under pressure to the high-temperature heat exchanger 22 to be cooled. At the outlet of heat exchanger 22, the total flow rate (for example, on the order of 9000 l / h) is divided in two. The majority of the fluid flow that has passed through heat exchanger 22, for example, on the order of 6000 l / h to 7000 l / h, returns directly to fuel cell 2. Valves V3 and V4 (not shown in Figure 3) are therefore open and allow the fluid to pass through. A small flow rate, for example in the order of 2000 l / h to 3000 l / h, is drawn in by the pump 31 of the second part 30.This low flow rate circulates towards the low-temperature radiator 32 to continue cooling the fluid, for example, to bring it below 65 degrees Celsius. This low flow rate then passes through the components 41, 42, 43, and 44 of the traction and / or electric propulsion system 40 (machine, electronics, etc.). The low flow rate joins the high flow rate at junction J1. In other words, the low flow rate flowing through the second part 30 of circuit 5 joins the first part 20 of circuit 5 at junction J1. Thus, at junction J1, the fluid from the heat exchanger 22 is mixed with the fluid from the heat exchanger 32. Preferably, a small portion, for example less than 1%, flows into branch 60, into the reservoir 23, to be degassed. The vast majority of the fluid therefore passes through valve V4 (open) and goes to cool the fuel cell 2.The flow of fluid having passed through the components of chain 40 thus contributes to the cooling of the fuel cell 2.

[0056] Figure 4 illustrates an example of the distribution of flow rates and temperatures at various points in the cooling circuit 5, in cooling mode, when the vehicle is running on electricity produced by the fuel cell. For example, the fluid enters the fuel cell at 73°C and exits at 80°C, corresponding to a thermal power of approximately 60 kW with a flow rate of approximately 9000 l / h. After the electric pump 21, a small portion of the flow (for example, approximately 800 l / h) goes into branch 50, passes through the air heater 51 to heat the passenger compartment 6, and / or passes through the deionizer 52, and / or heats the hydrogen via the hydrogen heater 53, for example, after an expansion from approximately 700 bar to about 2 bar. The cold produced by this expansion can, for example, remove 2 to 5 kW of heat depending on the flow demand and the pressure of the hydrogen in the storage tank.The remaining flow from pump 21, for example, approximately 8200 l / h, enters heat exchanger 22, causing its temperature to drop from approximately 80°C at the inlet to approximately 74°C at the outlet. For example, the flow rate of the coolant exiting heat exchanger 22 and drawn in by pump 32—in other words, the fluid going into the second part 30—is approximately 3000 l / h. For example, the temperature of the fluid that has passed through the low-temperature heat exchanger 32, after passing through the high-temperature heat exchanger 22, is approximately 65°C. This fluid then passes through the cooling systems of the components in the chain 40, thus cooling them, which increases the fluid temperature at the outlet of the chain 40.Thus, the fluid from the second part 30 joining the junction J1 has, for example, a temperature of around 71 °C before being mixed with a flow of fluid from the first part 20, for example, of around 5200 l / h, having only passed through the exchanger 22. Thus, the flow after the junction J1, in the first part 20 of the cooling circuit 5, is again around 9000 l / h.

[0057] Prior to the start-up of the fuel cell 2, the first part 20 and / or the second part 30 of the cooling circuit 5 heats and / or maintains the fuel cell 2 at a predetermined temperature.

[0058] Preferably, as illustrated in Figure 5, a cold start of the vehicle is performed using electricity from battery 3, with the fuel cell 2 switched off. In this mode, the heat produced by the components of the chain 40 and / or the fuel cell auxiliaries is used to heat the passenger compartment 6 and / or the fuel cell. In this mode, the V1_1 port of valve V1 is closed to prevent fluid from entering the heat exchanger 22. Valve V2 is open, allowing fluid to flow into the second part 30 of the circuit 5. In this case, a high flow rate passes through the chain 40. Note that valve V3 is then closed, and the V1_3 port of valve V1 is also closed. Thus, the fluid arriving at junction J1 after passing through the chain 40 flows towards branches 50 and 60, and then towards the fuel cell 2. Indeed, in this mode, valve V4 is open.In this mode, the fuel cell is preheated, which improves conditions for its subsequent start-up. Alternatively, in this same mode, valve V4 is closed, preventing the fluid from cooling the fuel cell (dotted cross in Figure 5). This configuration is particularly advantageous when battery 3 is only slightly discharged or even fully charged. This configuration allows for increased flow in branch 50, for example, to generate better cabin heating via the heater 51. Thus, prior to the start-up of the fuel cell 2, the fluid flows through heater 51 to preheat the cabin 6.

[0059] In winter, for example, when the vehicle is towed and / or propelled by the fuel cell 2 and is running at low power, such as when driving in the city, and the cabin heating setpoint 6 is high (for example, in very cold weather), the circuit shown in Figure 5 can also be used. In this case, the valve 4 is open, and the heat released by all the vehicle's components, such as the drivetrain 40 and the fuel cell, is used to heat the cabin 6, as the fluid does not pass through the radiators 22 and 32.

[0060] In summary, in the mode illustrated in Figure 5, the vehicle runs on electrical energy supplied by battery 3 while simultaneously providing significant heating for the passenger compartment and / or heating, preheating, or maintaining the temperature of the fuel cell to facilitate its subsequent use. It should be noted that in winter and / or in very cold weather, when the fuel cell powers the electric motor, the heat released into the coolant can be used to heat the passenger compartment.

[0061] When the fuel cell 2 is not in use, the high-flow pump 21 is preferably stopped. More specifically, Figure 8 illustrates a configuration of the circuit shown in Figure 2 under warm conditions, for example, in summer, when the vehicle is running on electrical power supplied by the battery 3. If there is no need to preheat the fuel cell 2, for example, because the battery 3 is fully or substantially fully charged, the flow for cooling the fuel cell is eliminated. This is because port V1_3 of valve V1 is open; that is, valve V1 opens the bypass branch of the heat exchanger 22 while simultaneously opening port V1_2 to allow flow to the heat exchanger 22. Preferably, port V1_1 is closed to prevent fluid from entering the pump 21, the pump being preferably stopped. In addition, valve V2 is also closed. In this case, the flow of fluid in the branch towards fuel cell 2 is cut off.Thus, in hot conditions, the cooling of the electric drive and / or propulsion system 40 is greatly enhanced. This ensures optimal operation of the electrical components, and consequently optimal vehicle operation, with the vehicle running on electrical energy from the battery 3.

[0062] Note that, as an alternative to what is illustrated in Figure 2, depending on the operating conditions of each component (particularly the flow rate and / or temperature of the coolant), some cooling systems for the components in chain 40 may be arranged in series if their inlet temperatures are sufficiently different. For example, a cooling system for a component requiring a low coolant temperature is arranged upstream of a cooling system for a component requiring a high coolant temperature.

[0063] In summary, the single cooling circuit 5 allows for a high-flow section (e.g., 8000 l / h to 9000 l / h) and / or a high-temperature section (e.g., 73°C to 80°C) and a low-flow section (e.g., 2000 l / h to 3000 l / h) and / or a low-temperature section (e.g., 65°C to 70°C). The heat from the first and / or second sections 20, 30, particularly from the cooling systems of the components of the chain 40 and / or the fuel cell 2, can be recovered to heat the passenger compartment and / or the fuel cell before it starts up, notably by bypassing one or both of the heat exchangers 22, 32.

[0064] The total flow of the fluid passing through the cooling means of the components of chain 40 can contribute, i.e. add up, to the flow that has only passed through the exchanger 22 and is intended to cool the fuel cell 2. This makes it possible to avoid installing a very high flow pump for the fuel cell which requires a high flow.

[0065] The low temperature exchanger 32 receives the fluid directly from the outlet of the high temperature exchanger 22. Thus, the temperature of the fluid at the inlet of the low temperature exchanger is particularly low and as a result the temperature at the outlet of the low temperature exchanger is extremely low, in particular less than or equal to 65°C.

[0066] Thus, during vehicle operation, i.e., while driving using the battery's electrical energy, which preferably corresponds to the vehicle's primary use, the cooling of the components of the powertrain and / or electric propulsion system is maximized. Indeed, the cooling systems for components 41, 42, 43, and 44 benefit from the fluid cooled by the low-temperature heat exchanger 32, but also from the high-temperature heat exchanger 22, for example, which may be larger in size and capacity.

[0067] Furthermore, the architecture of circuit 5 is simple yet allows for a high fluid flow rate to cool the fuel cell without the need for a very high-flow pump. The architecture accommodates a significant temperature difference between the maximum temperature, on the order of 80°C for example, and the minimum temperature, on the order of 65°C for example. Thus, the vehicle has a long range. Indeed, the fuel cell 2 generates electricity, so that even when the battery 3 is empty or nearly empty, the vehicle can continue to move using electrical energy from the fuel cell. Although the coolant temperature is limited to 65°C at the inlet of each component cooling system (power electronics 41, DC / DC converter, charger, electric motor 42, etc.), this design allows for a significant temperature difference between the maximum temperature of the components to be cooled.If the fuel cell requires cooling with an inlet fluid temperature higher than that of chain 40, for example, around 73°C, a single circuit provides this cooling. Preferably, the fluid temperature at the outlet of the components of chain 40 is around 3°C to 5°C above the inlet temperature. For the fuel cell, the outlet temperature preferably does not exceed 80°C, for example. Regarding thermal power, fuel cell 2, for example, releases five to ten times the thermal power released by the components of chain 40. Note that the flow rate for cooling each component of chain 40 varies, for example, from 300 l / h to 800 l / h depending on its thermal power output, for example, with a total flow rate of around 2000 l / h to 3000 l / h. For example, pile 2 requires a flow rate of 8000 l / h to 9000 l / h.For example, the thermal power to be dissipated by the fuel cell is on the order of 60 kW, and the entire chain of components 40 emits on the order of 3 to 20 kW. The single cooling circuit 5, using the same fluid, accommodates these differences in power, temperature, and coolant flow rates between the components of chain 40 and the fuel cell 2.

[0068] Thus, although the operating temperature ranges of the electrical power chain connected to the traction and / or propulsion battery and those of the fuel cell are not identical or even overlap, the solution allows for these different operating temperatures, even simultaneously. Furthermore, the solution allows for the dissipation of the different thermal powers generated, even though these powers are different.

[0069] Finally, as mentioned previously, the solution allows the cooling of the electrical power chain and the fuel cell to be adapted according to the operating phases of such a vehicle and / or the external temperature conditions.

[0070] In observation, the solution according to the invention therefore achieves the desired objective of ensuring temperature conditions suitable for the optimal operation of the electrical power chain while also ensuring temperature conditions suitable for the optimal operation of the fuel cell, and offers the following advantages:

[0071] - it consumes little electrical energy, the high flow pump being less energy-intensive than a very high flow pump.

Claims

DEMANDS 1. Fitting (10) for a vehicle, in particular for a motor vehicle (1), comprising: - a fuel cell (2), - an electric traction and / or propulsion motor (42), characterized in that the arrangement (10) comprises a single cooling circuit (5) cooling the fuel cell (2) and the electric motor (42), the cooling circuit (5) comprising two parts: - a first part (20) with high flow and high temperature comprising a high temperature exchanger (22), the first part (20) being arranged to cool the fuel cell (2), and - a second part (30) with low flow and low temperature comprising a low temperature exchanger (32), the second part (30) being arranged to cool the electric motor (42), the first part (20) comprising a high flow pump (21), in particular a high flow rate of between 8000 l / h and 9000 l / h, and the second part (30) comprising a low flow pump (31), in particular a low flow rate of between 2000 l / h and 3000 l / h.

2. Arrangement (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the low temperature exchanger (32) comprises an inlet (32E) and in that the high temperature exchanger (22) comprises an outlet (22S), the outlet (22S) of the high temperature exchanger (22) being directly connected to the inlet (32E) of the low temperature exchanger (32).

3. An arrangement (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an electric traction and / or propulsion chain (40) for such a vehicle, the chain (40) comprising the electric traction and / or propulsion motor (42), a compressor (44) and / or an intake air cooler (43), in particular a supercharged intake air cooler, and / or one or more power electronics components (41), the chain (40) being arranged to be cooled by the second part (30) of the cooling circuit (5).

4. Arrangement (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an air heater (51) intended to allow heating of a passenger compartment (6) of such a vehicle, the air heater (51) being arranged on a branch (50) of the first part (20) of the circuit (5) or being arranged on the second part (30), in particular downstream of the cooling of the chain (40).

5. Vehicle, in particular motor vehicle (1), characterized in that it comprises an arrangement (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. Method of operating an arrangement (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, when the vehicle is in motion, the fluid admitted into the high-temperature exchanger (22) is at a first temperature, in particular a first temperature between 77 degrees and 83 degrees, and exits at a second temperature, in particular a second temperature between 71 degrees and 77 degrees, and the fluid admitted into the low-temperature exchanger (32) is, or substantially is, at the second temperature and exits at a third temperature, in particular a third temperature between 62 degrees and 68 degrees.

7. Method of operating an arrangement (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that prior to the start-up of the fuel cell (2), the first part (20) and / or the second part (30) of the cooling circuit (5) heats and / or maintains the fuel cell (2) at temperature.

8. Method of operating an arrangement (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that prior to the start-up of the fuel cell (2), the air heater (51) is traversed by the fluid so as to heat the passenger compartment (6).

9. Method of operating an arrangement (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that when the vehicle is running on battery power (3), then the high-flow pump (21) is stopped.

10. Method of operating an arrangement (10) according to claim 1 or 2 in combination with claims 3 and 4, characterized in that in a driving situation of the vehicle with only the energy of the fuel cell, and under a negative outside temperature situation, the calories released by the traction chain (40) and the fuel cell (2) are transmitted to the cooling fluid passing through the air heater (51), the circulation of the cooling fluid through the high and low temperature exchangers (22, 32) being interrupted.