Anti-wear additives based on (POLY)esteramine

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition comprising at least one optionally quaternized (poly)esteramine, and at least one phosphorus-containing, sulfur-containing or phosphorus and sulfur-containing additive, said composition being advantageously used as an additive composition in lubricating formulations. The invention also relates to lubricating formulations comprising said additive composition, as well as to the use of said lubricating formulation in motor vehicle engines, milling and metal-cutting systems, and fuel compositions.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of lubricants and relates more specifically to antiwear and antifriction additives in lubricant compositions used in mechanical systems comprising in particular parts in relative motion.

[0002] The antiwear and antifriction additives used in lubricant compositions are well known nowadays. Examples of alkylamines and quaternary ammonium derivatives of alkylamines are already widely known and commonly used. However, the search for new molecules that are even more efficient and have improved properties is being actively pursued. By way of example, over the course of the last twenty years, another family of nitrogen-containing compounds of higher molecular weight has emerged in the literature. These compounds have a polymeric or oligomeric structure and comprise amine and quaternary ammonium functions.

[0003] Thus, international patent application WO2008089906 describes the products of reaction of a fatty acid with a diacid and an (alkyl)polyethanolamine, said reaction products then being quaternized. In this international patent application, these products are defined as surfactants that may be used as collectors for ore flotation. Similarly, international patent application WO2011147855 describes quaternary ammonium compounds originating from the reaction of a fatty alcohol with a diacid and an (alkyl)polyethanolamine. These quaternary ammonium compounds are used for the flotation of silicates.

[0004] More recently still, international patent applications WO2012028542, WO2013038192 and WO2014095797 describe various polyesteramines and polyester quats which are used as corrosion inhibitors, as ore flotation agents or as depressants.

[0005] As regards international patent application WO2017144376, it describes quaternized nitrogen-containing compounds used as friction wear reducing additives in fuels. These compounds are obtained by quaternization with ethylene oxide. Lastly, international patent application WO2022167756 for its part describes polyester-polyamines and also quaternized versions thereof, which can be used in various applications, mentioned among which are lubricant compositions.

[0006] Moreover, the protection of metal surfaces against mechanical damage due to breaking of the lubricant film is a very important subject when discussing lubricants and, for example, extreme-pressure lubricants. One of the most important parameters for a lubricant when it comes to wear or extreme pressure is its viscosity. However, if the system operates under mixed lubrication conditions, even if the oil film still exists, asperities on the opposing metal surfaces come into contact. The purpose of antiwear additives is to prevent the "welding" of these contacts. The antiwear additives thus form protection, by physical or chemical adsorption and / or by chemical reaction between the additive and the surface of the metal.

[0007] Among the most commonly used antiwear and / or extreme-pressure additives, mention may for example be made of phosphorus-containing derivatives, the best known representatives of which are phosphates in general, such as amine phosphates, phosphate esters, triaryl phosphates and phosphites. Other known antiwear / extreme-pressure additives are sulfur-containing compounds, such as for example sulfur-containing esters, sulfur-containing fatty acids and sulfur-containing olefins. Lastly, there are antiwear additives containing both phosphorus and sulfur and in particular metal dithiophosphates, phosphorothionates, and the like.

[0008] One of the major drawbacks of these antiwear additives known today is their negative impact on the environment where emissions of phosphorus- and / or sulfurcontaining derivatives are now strictly controlled, or even banned.

[0009] There thus remains a need for additives capable of conferring further improved antiwear and antifriction properties on the lubricant compositions which contain them.

[0010] Thus, and according to a first objective, the invention proposes lubricant compositions comprising one or more additives making it possible to reduce friction and wear in mechanical systems having parts in relative motion, such as for example and without limitation in vehicle transmission systems, in systems comprising a rotor and a stator, in machines, in turbines, in current-generating electric coils and also in motors, and also in hydraulic systems, but also when working metals and alloys.

[0011] Another objective of the invention consists in proposing lubricant compositions comprising one or more additives making it possible to reduce friction and wear in mechanical systems having parts in relative motion, in which compositions the additives are used in smaller amounts than those observed today.

[0012] Another objective of the invention consists in proposing lubricant compositions making it possible to reduce friction and wear in mechanical systems, in particular those having parts in relative motion, in which compositions the additives used are more environmentally friendly.

[0013] Yet another objective is that of proposing lubricant compositions comprising one or more additives making it possible to reduce friction and wear in mechanical systems having parts in relative motion, in which compositions the additives are biodegradable and ecologically non-toxic and make it possible to reduce the associated atmospheric pollution via their low sulfur and / or phosphorus contents.

[0014] Yet other objectives will become apparent in the description of the invention that follows.

[0015] In the present invention, the ranges of values are understood as being all limits inclusive, unless explicitly mentioned otherwise.

[0016] It has now been discovered that the abovementioned objectives are achieved, in full or at least in part, by virtue of the present invention which is now detailed in the description that follows.

[0017] Thus, and according to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a composition comprising:

[0018] 1) at least one optionally quaternized (poly)esteramine, obtained by esterification:

[0019] 1a) of at least one component chosen from optionally alkoxylated fatty (poly)amines, optionally alkoxylated fatty acids and optionally alkoxylated fatty alcohols, the fatty chain being a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain comprising from 8 to 30 carbon atoms and optionally an aromatic ring,

[0020] 1b) of at least one component chosen from polycarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acid anhydrides, said acids or anhydrides comprising a hydrocarbon chain, preferably an alkyl chain, which is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally possesses an aromatic ring, and is C1-C16, preferably C1-C12, more preferably C1-C6,

[0021] 1c) of at least one component chosen from (di)alkoxylated non-fatty amines, and 1d) of optionally at least one component chosen from diols comprising a linear or branched C1-C16, preferably C1-C12, more preferably C1-C6, alkyl chain, and 2) at least one additive chosen from amine-containing additives, chlorinated paraffins, fatty esters, phosphorus-containing additives, sulfur-containing additives, and phosphorus- and sulfur-containing additives, preferably from phosphates, in particular amine phosphates, phosphate esters, phosphites, triaryl phosphates and metal dithiocarbamates, metal dithiophosphates, phosphorothionates, thioethers, polysulfides and sulfur-containing fatty esters.

[0022] The respective proportions of components 1) and 2) of the composition according to the present invention may vary within wide proportions and are generally between 99:1 and 1:99, by weight, preferably between 75:25 and 25:75, by weight, more preferably between 60:40 and 40:60, by weight.

[0023] Component 1a) of the (poly)esteramine 1) of the composition according to the present invention may optionally be alkoxylated, i.e. may contain one or more identical or different alkoxyl groups chosen from ethyleneoxy (EO), propyleneoxy (PO), butyleneoxy (BO), and mixtures of two or more thereof, in blocks, in series, or random. When component 1a) is alkoxylated, preference is given to the ethyleneoxy (EO) alkoxyl group.

[0024] Quite preferably, component 1a) of the (poly)esteramine 1) of the composition according to the present invention is chosen from alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, fatty (poly)amines, fatty acids, alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, fatty alcohols.

[0025] Among the components 1a) suitable in the context of the present invention, mention may be made, by way of nonlimiting examples, of:

[0026] - alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, fatty (poly)amines, and in particular: o ethoxylated coco amines, comprising from 2 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 2 to 5 ethylene oxide units, o alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, amines of optionally hydrogenated tallow, and preferentially those comprising from 2 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 2 to 5 ethylene oxide units, o alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, oleylamines, and preferentially those comprising from 2 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 2 to 5 ethylene oxide units, o alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, coco diamines, and preferentially those comprising from 2 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 2 to 5 ethylene oxide units, o alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, oleyl diamines, and preferentially those comprising from 2 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 2 to 5 ethylene oxide units, o alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, diamines of optionally hydrogenated tallow, and preferentially those comprising from 2 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 2 to 5 ethylene oxide units, - fatty acids, representatives of which are chosen from coconut fatty acids, oleic acid, tallow fatty acids, hydrogenated tallow fatty acids, - alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, fatty acids, representatives of which are chosen from: o alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, coconut fatty acids, and preferentially those comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units, o alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, oleic acids, and preferentially those comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units, o alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, fatty acids of optionally hydrogenated tallow, and preferentially those comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units, - fatty alcohols, the main representatives of which are isodecanol, isotridecanol, fatty alcohols the main components of which are C12 to C14 alcohols, fatty alcohols the main components of which are C16 to C18 alcohols, and fatty alcohols the main components of which are oleyl alcohol, - alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, fatty alcohols, representatives of which are chosen from: o alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, isodecanol, and preferentially comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units, o alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, isotridecanol, and preferentially comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units, o fatty alcohols the main components of which are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, C12 and C14 alcohols, and preferentially comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units, o fatty alcohols the main components of which are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, C16 and C18 alcohols, and preferentially comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units, and o fatty alcohols the main components of which are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, oleyl alcohol, and preferentially comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units.

[0027] The polycarboxylic acids 1b) are more specifically chosen from dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids and tetracarboxylic acids, preferably from dicarboxylic acids. Examples of dicarboxylic acids that are most particularly suitable in the context of the present invention include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, phthalic acid and isomers thereof, tetrahydrophthalic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and itaconic acid.

[0028] The term "(di)alkoxylated non-fatty amines" is understood to mean mono- or dialkoxylated amines, where "alkoxylated" encompasses the terms ethoxylated, propoxylated and / or butoxylated, with a number of alkoxylated units ranging from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10, and comprising an optionally but preferably a hydrocarbon chain, preferably an alkyl chain, which is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, and has from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0029] According to a preferred embodiment, compound 1c) is chosen from the fatty (di)ethoxylated non-fatty amines of general formula (1c): A-N^Z * '^n Tch<h^oV h ::      (1c) in which: o A is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, hydrocarbon chain having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a -(CH2CH2O)]p-H chain, and o n, m and p, independently of one another, each represent an integer ranging from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 5.

[0030] Representative examples of component 1c) defined above are advantageously chosen from diethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, ethyldiethanolamine, propyldiethanolamine, butyldiethanolamine, isobutyldiethanolamine, pentyldiethanolamine, hexyldiethanolamine, heptyldiethanolamine, triethanolamine, and also the corresponding alkoxylation products thereof, in particular the corresponding ethoxylation products thereof, typically comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units.

[0031] Most particularly appropriate representatives of component 1d) defined above are advantageously chosen from glycols and typically from ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol and propylene glycol and derivatives thereof, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, di(ethylene glycol) monobutyl ether, butylene glycol and derivatives thereof.

[0032] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, component 1d) of the (poly)esteramine 1) of the composition according to the present invention does not comprise a nitrogen atom, and more preferably does not comprise an amine function.

[0033] As indicated above, the (poly)esteramine 1) obtained by esterification of components 1a), 1b), 1c) and optionally 1d) may optionally be employed in a quaternization reaction of all or some of the nitrogen-containing functions present in said (poly)esteramine 1), according to any method well known to those skilled in the art, generally and usually using at least one alkylating agent, and for example as described in patent application WO2022167756.

[0034] When the partial or total quaternization reaction is carried out using an alkylating agent, the latter is generally and usually chosen from the most common and best-known alkylating agents, and preferably from methyl chloride, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, dimethyl carbonate and benzyl chloride, and more preferably from methyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate and benzyl chloride, and also mixtures thereof, quite preferably from methyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate and mixtures thereof.

[0035] It should be understood that the partial or total quaternization step may be carried out on component 1a) and / or on the product of condensation of component 1a) and component 1b) and / or on the product of condensation of component 1a), component 1b) and component 1c).

[0036] The quaternization reaction(s) is (are) generally conducted in water and / or in one or more organic solvents, at a temperature that may range from 20°C to 120°C, for a duration that may range from several tens of minutes to several tens of hours, according to the procedures well known to those skilled in the art.

[0037] As indicated above, component 1) of the composition of the present invention is a compound having an optionally quaternized polyesteramine structure. Such compounds are well known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in patent application WO2022167756 A1. A subject of the present invention is in particular compositions comprising such compounds having an optionally quaternized polyesteramine structure in combination with one or more antiwear and / or antifriction additives.

[0038] Thus, and according to a preferred embodiment, component 1) of the composition of the invention is a quaternized polyesteramine corresponding to the general formula (P): (P) in which: - R1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain comprising from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, and optionally an aromatic ring, -   R2 is a linear or branched C1-C16, preferably C1-C12, more preferably C1-C6, alkyl chain, -   R4 is chosen from a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, hydrocarbon chain having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a -(CH2CH2O)]p-H chain, where p represents an integer ranging from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 5, - R5 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally substituted by an aromatic radical, - AO represents an alkoxylated unit chosen from ethoxy, propoxy and butoxy; preferably, AO represents an ethoxy unit -(CH2CH2O)-, - x is an integer of between 1 and 10, preferably between 1 and 5, - t is equal to 0 or 1, - p represents an integer of between 1 and 15, preferably between 1 and 10 and more preferably between 1 and 5, and - X- represents the anion of the quaternizing agent, and is preferably chosen from halides (chloride, bromide, iodide), carbonates, sulfates and sulfonates.

[0039] Thus, component 2) of the composition of the present invention is composed of at least one additive chosen from amine-containing additives, chlorinated paraffins, fatty esters, phosphorus-containing additives, sulfur-containing additives, and phosphorus- and sulfur-containing additives. These additives are generally known and used as extremepressure additives and / or antiwear additives and / or antifriction additives.

[0040] Among these, mention may be made, purely by way of illustration and nonlimitingly, of coco amine, coco amide, oleylamine, oleylamide, tallow amine, tallow amide, hydrogenated tallow amine, hydrogenated tallow amide, and also derivatives thereof such as coco amide DEA, PEG-2 tallow amine or PEG-2 oleylamine from among the most well-known, C14-C16 chloroalkanes, C16-C18 chloroalkanes, acylglycerols such as for example glyceryl stearate or glyceryl oleate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, pentaerythrityl esters, polyester polyols, polyether-ester polyols, thiophosphoric acid, thiophosphorous acid, esters (in particular phosphate esters) and salts of these acids, alkoxylated phosphoric esters, amine phosphates, dithiophosphates, metal dithiocarbamates, and mixtures thereof. Preference is very particularly given to phosphorus- and / or sulfur-containing additives and more particularly zinc dithiophosphates and metal dithiocarbamates, such as, for example, molybdenum dithiocarbamates.

[0041] Entirely representative but nonlimiting examples of such additives include zinc diaryl dithiophosphates and zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates, also well-known under their acronym "ZDDP", dibenzyl disulfide, di-tert-dodecyl polysulfides, di-tert-butyl trisulfide, sulfurized rapeseed oil, sulfurized palm oil.

[0042] In one embodiment of the invention, component 2) is chosen from zinc dithiophosphates corresponding to the general formula (I): R1°OX            S\\ >DR12 11 / P\ ^ZrK ^P\  13

[0043] RO S S OR (I)

[0044] in which:

[0045] the radicals R10, R11, R12 and R13, each independently of one another, represent a linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon chain comprising from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, optionally comprising an aromatic ring, preferably a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain comprising from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferentially a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain comprising from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, for example, a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain comprising from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0046] In one embodiment of the invention, examples of compositions according to the invention comprising at least one (poly)esteramine 1) and at least one additive 2) include:

[0047] • the composition comprising (1) the product of reaction between oleylamine ethoxylated with 5 ethylene oxide units, oleic fatty acid, oxalic acid and diethanolamine and (2) a zinc dithiophosphate, preferably corresponding to general formula (I) defined above,

[0048] • the composition comprising (1) the product of the reaction between tallow amine, coconut fatty acid ethoxylated with 2 ethylene oxide units, succinic acid and isobutyldiethanolamine in ethylene glycol and (2) a zinc dithiophosphate, preferably corresponding to general formula (I) defined above,

[0049] • the composition comprising (1) the product of the reaction between oleylamine ethoxylated with 2 ethylene oxide units, oleic acid, oxalic acid and diethanolamine and (2) the phosphoric ester of an oleyl alcohol ethoxylated with 5 ethylene oxide units,

[0050] • the composition comprising (1) the product of the reaction between tallow amine ethoxylated with 2 ethylene oxide units, tallow fatty acid, adipic acid and methyldiethanolamine and (2) a zinc dithiophosphate, preferably corresponding to general formula (I) defined above,

[0051] • the composition comprising (1) the product of the reaction between tallow amine ethoxylated with 2 ethylene oxide units, tallow fatty acid, adipic acid and methyldiethanolamine and (2) the phosphoric ester of an oleyl alcohol ethoxylated with 5 ethylene oxide units,

[0052] • the composition comprising (1) the product of the reaction between tallow fatty acid, adipic acid and diethanolamine, quaternized with methyl chloride, and (2) zinc dithiophosphate, preferably corresponding to general formula (I) defined above,

[0053] • the composition comprising (1) the product of the reaction between tallow amine ethoxylated with 2 ethylene oxide units, tallow fatty acid, adipic acid and methyldiethanolamine, quaternized with methyl chloride, and (2) the phosphoric ester of an oleyl alcohol ethoxylated with 5 ethylene oxide units,

[0054] • the composition comprising (1) the product of the reaction between tallow amine, coconut fatty acid ethoxylated with 2 ethylene oxide units, succinic acid and isobutyldiethanolamine in ethylene glycol and (2) di- tert-butyl trisulfide,

[0055] • the composition comprising (1) the product of the reaction between tallow fatty acid, adipic acid and diethanolamine, quaternized with methyl chloride, and (2) coco amide DEA,

[0056] • the composition comprising (1) the product of the reaction between oleylamine ethoxylated with 5 ethylene oxide units, oleic acid, oxalic acid and diethanolamine and (2) a chlorinated C16-C18 paraffin.

[0057] The composition according to the present invention comprising at least one component 1) and at least one component 2) as has just been defined finds very particular interest and very particular application as additive in lubricant formulations.

[0058] Thus, and according to another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a composition comprising at least one component 1) and at least one component 2) as additive in a lubricant formulation.

[0059] According to yet another aspect, the present invention relates to a lubricant formulation comprising at least one composition according to the invention, that is to say a composition comprising at least one component 1) and at least one component 2), as indicated above.

[0060] The lubricant formulation according to the present invention generally and usually comprises between 0.1% and 20% by mass, limits inclusive, preferably between 0.1% and 15% by mass, limits inclusive, more preferably between 0.1% and 10% by mass, limits inclusive, even better still between 0.1% and 5% by mass, limits inclusive, of the composition of the invention comprising at least one component 1) and at least one component 2), as have just been defined, relative to the total mass of the lubricant composition.

[0061] The lubricant formulation according to the invention may be a ready-to-use formulation, and in this case usually and advantageously comprises from 0.01% to 5%, preferably from 0.01% to 3%, by weight of component 1) and from 0.01% to 5%, preferably from 0.01% to 3%, by weight of component 2). The formulation according to the present invention may also be in the form of a concentrate that is to be diluted prior to use, and in this case the dilutable concentrate usually and advantageously comprises from 0.5% to 20%, preferably from 0.5% to 15%, by weight of component 1) and from 0.5% to 20%, preferably from 0.5% to 15%, by weight of component 2).

[0062] In addition to the composition of the invention, comprising at least one component 1) and at least one component 2), the lubricant formulation of the invention may be a lubricant formulation proper, a cutting oil which may contain a greater or lesser amount of water, a fuel, and the like. Those skilled in the art will know how to adapt the amount and the nature of the components 1) and 2) according to the nature of the lubricant formulation of interest.

[0063] It was possible to observe, quite surprisingly, that the presence of at least one component 1) and at least one component 2) in the lubricant formulation confers upon said formulation completely unexpected antiwear and antifriction properties, making it possible to achieve very good, even excellent, levels of friction and wear reduction, in particular in the concentration ranges mentioned above.

[0064] It was possible to demonstrate that the composition of the invention, a combination of at least one component 1) and at least one component 2) defined above, enables the production of a lubricant formulation the antiwear and antifriction properties of which are greatly improved compared to prior art lubricant compositions comprising equivalent concentrations of additive(s).

[0065] Another advantage of the formulation of the present invention is that it is possible, in order to obtain antiwear and antifriction levels similar to those observed with compositions known from the prior art but which contain higher concentrations of additive(s). In this case, the lubricant formulation according to the invention has an obvious advantage, especially with respect to the environment, in that a smaller amount of sulfur-containing and / or phosphorus-containing compounds will be used and hence likely to appear in the various emissions and effluents.

[0066] Thus, the combination of components 1) and 2) in the composition of the present invention as defined above provides a level of friction reduction and wear reduction never before achieved with the prior art lubrication additives. Specifically, this combination makes it possible to reduce the amount of components 1) and 2), and in particular of the phosphorus- and / or sulfur-containing component 2), while providing levels of friction and wear reduction comparable to the levels known from the prior art with greater amounts of additives, or friction and wear reduction levels well above levels known from the prior art with similar amounts of additives. The fact of being able to use additives, and in particular phosphorus-containing and / or sulfur-containing antiwear additives, in smaller amounts in lubricant formulations has a certain, significant and highly relevant impact on environmental protection.

[0067] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "lubricant formulation" is understood to mean any formulation used in mechanical systems comprising parts in relative motion enabling the reduction of wear by friction. The lubricant formulation according to the invention generally and usually comprises at least one composition comprising at least one component 1) and at least one component 2) as defined above and at least one lubricant oil and / or at least one fuel. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "fuel" means any type of liquid or gaseous, preferably liquid, fuel comprising at least one alkane, and the fuel for the purposes of the invention preferably comprises gasolines, diesels, kerosenes, and the like. The fuels included in the present invention are often used in mechanical systems in particular comprising parts in relative motion, and may thus be subsumed under the general term "lubricant formulations".

[0068] The formulation according to the invention may also comprise one or more additives and / or fillers well known to those skilled in the art and commonly used in such formulations. Such additives and / or fillers comprise, for example and nonlimitingly, extremepressure additives, corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, metal deactivators, and the like.

[0069] Organosulfur compounds, organochlorine compounds and organophosphorus compounds and mixtures thereof are particularly used as extreme-pressure additives. In a preferred embodiment, the extreme-pressure additives comprise chlorinated paraffins, alkyl or alkylphenol polysulfides, sulfurized olefins, sulfur-containing esters, metal dithiocarbamates, thiadiazoles and benzothiazoles, and also alkyl phosphates or alkyl phosphonates, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, mono-, di- and triesters of phosphorous acid and of phosphoric acid and salts thereof.

[0070] Among the corrosion inhibitors that can be used in the formulations according to the present invention, mention may in particular and nonlimitingly be made of boric acids and salts thereof, tolyltriazole and salts thereof, benzotriazoles and salts thereof, imidazolines and salts thereof, alkanolamines and amides, sulfonates, alkali metal and alkanolamine salts of naphthenic acids, amine salts of phosphate esters, alkali metal nitrites, alkali metal carbonates, carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof, alkylsulfonamidocarboxylic acids, arylsulfonamidocarboxylic acids, phenoxy derivatives, molybdates and in particular sodium molybdate, alkoxylated amines, tertiary polyamines, such as pentamethyldipropylenetriamine, and salts thereof, polyalkylene glycol alkyl ether phosphate salts and mixtures thereof.

[0071] As other additives and / or fillers that can be used in the formulations of the present invention, mention may be made of antioxidants and in particular phenolic derivatives, amines and mixtures thereof.

[0072] As nonlimiting examples of metal deactivators that may be useful in the formulations of the present invention, preference is given to triazoles.

[0073] As indicated above, the formulation of the invention is generally ready to use but may also be in the form of a concentrate that is to be diluted prior to use. The most common and usually used diluents are those which are compatible with lubricant formulations, and, for example, and according to the use for which they are intended, the diluents are chosen from organic diluents, such as oils, fuels, and also aqueous or aqueous-organic diluents, for example water, in particular for applications in cutting oils (metal working fluid).

[0074] The formulation according to the present invention thus finds entirely advantageous applications as lubricant formulation, and, in this respect, a subject of the present invention is also the use of the formulation according to the present invention in mechanical systems comprising parts in relative motion enabling a reduction in wear by friction, and by way of consequence lower heating, for example in lubricant formulations in motor vehicle engines, in heat-transfer formulations, for metal milling and cutting systems, but also in fuel compositions, to mention only the most common and best-known applications.

[0075] The advantages provided by the lubricant formulation of the present invention are numerous and varied and, among them, mention may be made, nonlimitingly, of the numerous advantages associated with the reduction in friction of the parts in relative motion in motor vehicle engines, and in particular fuel savings, a substantial increase in the range of vehicles, whether electric or thermal, better efficiency in all lubrication regimes regardless of engine torque.

[0076] As another advantage, the composition of the present invention and the formulations which contain it make it possible to substantially reduce the amounts of phosphorus-containing and / or sulfur-containing additives which may prove harmful to the environment but which are often also responsible for significant corrosion of metal parts, present in particular in the motors of electric vehicles. By virtue of the composition of the present invention, where the corrosive compounds, namely the antiwear and / or extremepressure additives, are present in much smaller amounts than in the lubricant formulations used today, the corrosion of metal parts is very limited, indeed virtually non-existent, or even non-existent.

[0077] Yet another advantage is the reduction in atmospheric pollution associated with the use of the small relative amounts of composition according to the present invention, and thus greater ease of compliance with future environmental regulations, all the more so since the composition of the invention and in particular component 1) thereof is advantageously a biodegradable and ecologically non-toxic additive.

[0078] The invention is now illustrated with the aid of the examples which follow and which in no way limit the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims appended to the present description. Examples

[0079] In the examples which follow, the following components are used for the preparation of compositions which will be tested for their antiwear and antifriction properties:

[0080] Component A [component 1) of the composition according to the present invention] is a quaternized polyesteramine corresponding to the general formula described below and prepared as indicated in patent application WO2012028542: (Rs)(                                   (R5). R’-^r^-A°-)x-N-eAO-)i-irR2-f4p(AO-))rN (AO-K-J]—R1 0          R4 x- 0     0 R< ° in which: - R1 is a tallow radical (alkyl chain predominantly containing 18 carbon atoms), - R2 is -(CH2)2-, - R4 and R5 each represent a methyl radical (-CH3), - AO represents -(CH2CH2O)-, - x is equal to 1, and t is equal to 1, and p is equal to 3, and - X- represents the chloride ion originating from the methyl chloride used as alkylating agent.

[0081] Component B [component 1) of the composition according to the present invention] is a quaternized polyesteramine resulting from the reaction between triethanolamine, tallow fatty acid and adipic acid in accordance with the description of international patent application WO2008089906. The quaternizing agent is methyl chloride.

[0082] Components C and D [components 1) of the composition according to the present invention] are polyesteramines as described in patent application WO2022167756 and 5 prepared from the compounds indicated in Table 1 below: -- Table 1 -- Component C D Ethoxylated fatty amine of formula (I) R'                (AO)mH ' N—(CH2)s-Nx |_B          _|y (AO)nH NoxS2 NoxS5 Mass of (I) (in g) 178.9 311.1 Dicarboxylic acid of formula (II) D.   RA ^ 1 T O    O Ad. ac. Ad. ac. Mass of (II) (in g) 584.6 584.6 (Alkyl)alkanolamine derivative of formula (III) (A"O)uH r^N (A''O)u'H MDEA MDEA Mass of (III) (in g) 476 476 Fatty acid derivative of formula (V) 11     _ R\^oh o TFA TFA Mass of (V) (in g) 555 555

[0083] In Table 1 above: - NoxS2 is Noramox® S2: ethoxylated tallow amine (2EO) sold by Arkema, 10   - NoxS5 is Noramox® S5: ethoxylated tallow amine (5EO) sold by Arkema, - MDEA is methyldiethanolamine (purity grade > 99%) supplied by Taminco, - Ad. ac. is adipic acid, - TFA is tallow fatty acid.

[0084] Component E [component 2) of the composition according to the present invention] 15 is distributed by the company Additiv Chemie Luers GmbH under the KUNOX® S8811 brand and is a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) known as an antiwear additive.

[0085] Component F [component 2) of the composition according to the present invention] is an additive available from Arkema under the brand name SURFALINE® PE 684 and is a phosphoric ester (oleocetyl alcohol phosphate ester ethoxylated with 5 moles of ethylene oxide) known as an antiwear additive.

[0086] Component G is an ethoxylated tallow amine (2EO) supplied by Arkema under the Noramox® S2 brand, known as a friction-reducing additive. This component G is a component for preparing a comparative composition. Friction test protocol

[0087] The coefficient of friction is measured using an MTM tribometer supplied by PCS Instruments. This is a ball-on-disk tribometer for measuring the frictional properties of lubricated and unlubricated contacts under a wide range of rolling and sliding conditions

[0088] The MTM tribometer makes it possible to evaluate the friction: - as a function of the sliding rate in the contact (slide / roll ratio, denoted SRR) using a traction curve (here, the speed is fixed), - as a function of the rolling speed in the contact using a Stribeck curve (here, the SRR is fixed), and - as a function of time using an iso-condition curve (here, the SRR and speed are fixed).

[0089] The friction generated between the ball and the disk is measured using a torque sensor. The torque sensor is located between the shaft of the ball and a fixed point. The frictional force is therefore measured perpendicularly to the direction of the load. The slide / roll ratio is the ratio between the sliding speed and the rolling speed of a contact. Test conditions: - Concentration of additive, alone or as a mixture: between 0% and 1% by mass in a Group II mineral oil, sold by Total Energies under the name Torilis HC 1850, which will be the Group II mineral oil used in all of the following examples, unless expressly stated otherwise. - Test temperature: 120°C, - Applied load: 37 N, - Sliding / rolling ratio (SRR): 50%, - Rolling speed: measurement from 8 mm s-1 to 3200 mm s-1.

[0090] The result appears in the form of a curve with the rolling speed (in mm / s) on the x-axis and the measurement of the coefficient of friction on the y-axis. Interpretation is performed visually; the lower the coefficient of friction, the more the product is considered to be a friction reducer. Wear test protocol

[0091] The tests were conducted according to the standard IP 239 (REF / ISBN IP 2392936900, February 2014), a test method used for determining the relative wear-prevention properties of lubricant fluids in sliding contact under the prescribed test conditions (four-ball method). Test conditions: - Concentration of additive, alone or as a mixture: between 0% and 1% in a Group II mineral oil, - Applied load: 40 kgf, i.e. 392 N - Test time: 1 hour

[0092] The wear diameter of the three fixed balls produced by the rotating ball is measured using a binocular loupe. The tests are repeated at least twice, the mean value of these wear diameters (in mm) being given as the result. The smaller the wear diameter, the more the product is considered to have better antiwear properties. Results

[0093] The tests are carried out for the purpose of comparing the antifriction and antiwear effectiveness of various oils and oil-based formulations containing either an additive known from the prior art, or a composition according to the invention, or a comparative composition. Example 1 (comparative) Friction tests 1

[0094] The first series of results corresponds to a friction test carried out with:

[0095] - Reference Formulation 1R: a group II oil, - Formulation 1E: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component E, - Formulation 1Ed: a group II oil comprising 1% by mass of component E, - Formulation 1G: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component G, - Comparative Formulation 1Comp: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component E and 0.5% by mass of component G (composition according to the invention).

[0096] The results are presented in Figure 1. It is observed that Formulation 1E does not provide any friction-reducing effect, with this effect being poorer than that observed with Reference Formulation 1R.

[0097] Additive G, for its part, acts as a friction reducer in Formulation 1G, but the test carried out with Comparative Formulation 1Comp shows that the performance qualities of additive G are degraded.

[0098] This example proves that when the formulation comprises a composition not corresponding to the definition of the present invention, no improvement is observed in this antifriction test. Wear tests 1

[0099] The results are presented in Figure 2. Formulations 1E and 1Ed confirm that component E is a good antiwear additive and that Formulation 1G also provides a suitable antiwear effect, whereas component G is more generally used as a friction-reducing additive. As for Formulation 1Comp, it does not provide any improvement in wear reduction. Example 2 (according to the invention)

[00100] Wear and friction tests are carried out according to the protocols described above with the following formulations:

[00101] - Formulation 2E: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component E, - Formulation 2C: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component C, - Formulation 2Cm: a group II oil comprising 0.25% by mass of component C, - Formulation 2EC: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component E and 0.5% by mass of compound C, - Formulation 2ECm: a group II oil comprising 0.25% by mass of component E and 0.25% by mass of compound C.

[00102] The results of the antifriction tests are presented in Figure 3 and the results of the wear tests are presented in Figure 4. It is observed that Formulation 2EC makes it possible to obtain a lower coefficient of friction, especially on low speed regimes. In the wear tests, Formulations 2EC and 2ECm give better results than formulations comprising only a single additive E or C. In addition, the wear levels are lower than with the ethoxylated fatty amine and antiwear additive (E+G) pair of Comparative Example 1. Example 3 (according to the invention)

[00103] Other wear and friction tests are carried out according to the protocols described above with the following formulations:

[00104] - Formulation 3E: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component E (the same as for Formulation 2E), - Formulation 3D: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component D, - Formulation 3Dm: a group II oil comprising 0.25% by mass of component D, - Formulation 3ED: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component E and 0.5% by mass of compound D, - Formulation 3EDm: a group II oil comprising 0.25% by mass of component E and 0.25% by mass of compound D.

[00105] The results of the antifriction tests are presented in Figure 5 and the results of the wear tests are presented in Figure 6. It is observed that Formulation 3ED makes it possible to obtain a lower coefficient of friction, especially on low speed regimes. In the wear tests, Formulations 3ED and 3EDm give better results than formulations comprising only a single additive E or D. In addition, the wear levels are lower than with the ethoxylated fatty amine and antiwear additive (E+G) pair of Comparative Example 1. Example 4 (according to the invention)

[00106] Yet other wear and friction tests are carried out according to the protocols described above with the following formulations:

[00107] - Formulation 4E: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component E (the same as for Formulation 2E), - Formulation 4A: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component A, - Formulation 4EA: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component E and 0.5% by mass of compound A, - Formulation 4EAm: a group II oil comprising 0.25% by mass of component E and 0.25% by mass of compound A.

[00108] The results of the antifriction tests are presented in Figure 7 and the results of the wear tests are presented in Figure 8. It is observed that Formulation 4EA makes it possible to obtain a lower coefficient of friction on practically all speed regimes. In the wear tests, Formulation 4EAm gives better results than when the additives are employed separately in the formulations. The formulation with the mixture A+E (Formulation 4EAm) is more effective than the formulation containing the product G employed at the same dose. Example 5 (according to the invention)

[00109] Wear and friction tests are carried out similarly to those carried out in Example 4, with the following formulations:

[00110] - Formulation 5F: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component F, - Formulation 5B: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component B, - Formulation 5FB: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component F and 0.5% by mass of compound B, - Formulation 5FBm: a group II oil comprising 0.25% by mass of component F and 0.25% by mass of compound B.

[00111] The results of the antifriction tests are presented in Figure 9 and the results of the wear tests are presented in Figure 10. It is observed that Formulation 5FB makes it possible to obtain a lower coefficient of friction on practically all speed regimes. In the wear tests, Formulation 5FBm gives better results than when the additives are employed separately in the formulations. Example 6 (according to the invention)

[00112] In this other example, similar to Example 5, wear and friction tests are carried out with the following formulations:

[00113] - Formulation 6F: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component F (identical to Composition 5F), - Formulation 6C: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component C (identical to Composition 2C), - Formulation 6FC: a group II oil comprising 0.5% by mass of component F and 0.5% by mass of compound C, - Formulation 6FCm: a group II oil comprising 0.25% by mass of component F and 0.25% by mass of compound C.

[00114] The results of the antifriction tests are presented in Figure 11 and the results of the wear tests are presented in Figure 12. It is observed that Formulation 6FC makes it possible to obtain a lower coefficient of friction on practically all speed regimes. In the wear tests, Formulation 6FCm gives better results than when the additives are employed separately in the formulations.

[00115] The examples according to the invention and as described above exhibit the very great advantage of the composition of the present invention which makes it possible to prepare formulations having very good antiwear and antifriction properties, while at the same time drastically decreasing, typically by half, the amount of sulfur-containing and / or phosphorus-containing additives. The formulations comprising a composition according to the present invention are not only effective in terms of antiwear and antifriction formulations but are also more environmentally friendly than the lubricant formulations known today.

Claims

1. A composition comprising:- 1) at least one optionally quaternized (poly)esteramine, obtained by esterification:1a) of at least one component chosen from optionally alkoxylated fatty (poly)amines, optionally alkoxylated fatty acids and optionally alkoxylated fatty alcohols, the fatty chain being a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain comprising from 8 to 30 carbon atoms and optionally an aromatic ring,1b) of at least one component chosen from polycarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acid anhydrides, said acids or anhydrides comprising a hydrocarbon chain, preferably an alkyl chain, which is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally possesses an aromatic ring, and is C1-C16, preferably C1-C12, more preferably C1-C6,1c) of at least one component chosen from (di)alkoxylated non-fatty amines, and1d) of optionally at least one component chosen from diols comprising a linear or branched C1-C16, preferably C1-C12, more preferably C1-C6, alkyl chain, and- 2) at least one additive chosen from amine-containing additives, chlorinated paraffins, fatty esters, phosphorus-containing additives, sulfur-containing additives, and phosphorus- and sulfur-containing additives, preferably from phosphates, in particular amine phosphates, phosphate esters, phosphites, triaryl phosphates and metal dithiocarbamates, metal dithiophosphates, phosphorothionates, thioethers, polysulfides and sulfur-containing fatty esters.

2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein component 1a) of the (poly)esteramine 1) optionally contains one or more identical or different alkoxyl groups chosen from ethyleneoxy (EO), propyleneoxy (PO), butyleneoxy (BO), and mixtures of two or more thereof, in blocks, in series, or random, preferably one or more ethyleneoxy (EO) groups.

3. The composition as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein component 1a) of the (poly)esteramine 1) of the composition according to the present invention is chosen from alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, fatty (poly)amines, fatty acids, alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, fatty alcohols.

4. The composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein component 1a) is chosen from:o ethoxylated coco amines, comprising from 2 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 2 to 5 ethylene oxide units, o alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, amines of optionally hydrogenated tallow, and preferentially those comprising from 2 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 2 to 5 ethylene oxide units,o alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, oleylamines, and preferentially those comprising from 2 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 2 to 5 ethylene oxide units,o alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, coco diamines, and preferentially those comprising from 2 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 2 to 5 ethylene oxide units,o alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, oleyl diamines, and preferentially those comprising from 2 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 2 to 5 ethylene oxide units,o alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, diamines of optionally hydrogenated tallow, and preferentially those comprising from 2 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 2 to 5 ethylene oxide units,o coconut fatty acids, and alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, coconut fatty acids, and preferentially those comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units,o oleic acid, and alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, oleic acids, and preferentially those comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units,o fatty acids of optionally hydrogenated tallow, and alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, tallow fatty acids, and preferentially those comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units, andhydrogenated tallow fatty acids,o       isodecanol, isotridecanol, fatty alcohols the main components of which are C12 toC14 alcohols, fatty alcohols the main components of which are C16 to C18 alcohols, and fatty alcohols the main components of which are oleyl alcohol,o alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, isodecanol, and preferentially comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units,o alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, isotridecanol, and preferentially comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units,o fatty alcohols the main components of which are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, C12 and C14 alcohols, and preferentially comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units,o fatty alcohols the main components of which are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, C16 and C18 alcohols, and preferentially comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units, ando fatty alcohols the main components of which are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, oleyl alcohol, and preferentially comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units.

5. The composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the polycarboxylic acids 1b) are chosen from dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids and tetracarboxylic acids, preferably from dicarboxylic acids, and more preferably from oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, phthalic acid and isomers thereof, tetrahydrophthalic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and itaconic acid.

6. The composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein component 1c) is chosen from diethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, ethyldiethanolamine, propyldiethanolamine, butyldiethanolamine, isobutyldiethanolamine, pentyldiethanolamine, hexyldiethanolamine, heptyldiethanolamine, triethanolamine, and also the corresponding alkoxylation products thereof, in particular the corresponding ethoxylation products thereof, typically comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, preferably from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units and more particularly from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide units.

7. The composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein component 1d) is chosen from ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol,tetraethylene glycol and propylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, di(ethylene glycol) monobutyl ether, and butylene glycol.

8. The composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein component 2) is chosen from thiophosphoric acid, thiophosphorous acid, phosphate esters and salts of these acids, alkoxylated phosphoric esters, amine phosphates, dithiophosphates and mixtures thereof, more preferably from metal dithiocarbamates, zinc dithiophosphates, and mixtures thereof.

9. The composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein component 2) is chosen from zinc dithiophosphates corresponding to the general formula (I):R1°O11RO^Zn(I)in which:the radicals R10, R11, R12 and R13, each independently of one another, represent a linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon chain comprising from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, optionally comprising an aromatic ring, preferably a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain comprising from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferentially a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain comprising from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, for example, a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain comprising from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.

10. The composition as claimed in one of the preceding claims, which is:the composition comprising (1) the product of reaction between oleylamine ethoxylated with5 ethylene oxide units, oleic fatty acid, oxalic acid and diethanolamine and (2) a zinc dithiophosphate,• the composition comprising (1) the product of the reaction between tallow amine, coconut fatty acid ethoxylated with 2 ethylene oxide units, succinic acid and isobutyldiethanolamine in ethylene glycol and (2) a zinc dithiophosphate,• the composition comprising (1) the product of the reaction between oleylamine ethoxylated with 2 ethylene oxide units, oleic acid, oxalic acid and diethanolamine and (2) the phosphoric ester of an oleyl alcohol ethoxylated with 5 ethylene oxide units,• the composition comprising (1) the product of the reaction between tallow amine ethoxylated with 2 ethylene oxide units, tallow fatty acid, adipic acid and methyldiethanolamine and (2) a zinc dithiophosphate,• the composition comprising (1) the product of the reaction between tallow amine ethoxylated with 2 ethylene oxide units, tallow fatty acid, adipic acid and methyldiethanolamine and (2) the phosphoric ester of an oleyl alcohol ethoxylated with 5 ethylene oxide units,• the composition comprising (1) the product of the reaction between tallow fatty acid, adipic acid and diethanolamine, quaternized with methyl chloride, and (2) zinc dithiophosphate,• the composition comprising (1) the product of the reaction between tallow amine ethoxylated with 2 ethylene oxide units, tallow fatty acid, adipic acid and methyldiethanolamine, quaternized with methyl chloride, and (2) the phosphoric ester of an oleyl alcohol ethoxylated with 5 ethylene oxide units.

11. The composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein component 1) of the composition of the invention is a quaternized polyesteramine corresponding to the general formula (P):(R5)t                         1           (R5)tR^^AOW-^AOfe ! R2 rkAO^N^AOi^Ri0          R4 x- 0     0        R4     0zv                                   A(P)in which:- R1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain comprising from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, and optionally an aromatic ring,- R2 is a linear or branched C1-C16, preferably C1-C12, more preferably C1-C6, alkyl chain,- R4 is chosen from a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, hydrocarbon chain having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a -(CH2CH2O)]p-H chain, where p represents an integer ranging from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 5,- R5 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally substituted by an aromatic radical,- AO represents an alkoxylated unit chosen from ethoxy, propoxy and butoxy; preferably, AO represents an ethoxy unit -(CH2CH2O)-,- x is an integer of between 1 and 10, preferably between 1 and 5,- t is equal to 0 or 1,- p represents an integer of between 1 and 15, preferably between 1 and 10 and more preferably between 1 and 5, and- X- represents the anion of the quaternizing agent, and is preferably chosen from halides (chloride, bromide, iodide), carbonates, sulfates and sulfonates.

12. The use of a composition as defined in any one of the preceding claims as additive in a lubricant formulation.

13. A lubricant formulation comprising at least one composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11.

14. The formulation as claimed in claim 13, comprising between 0.1% and 20% by mass, limits inclusive, preferably between 0.1% and 15% by mass, limits inclusive, more preferably between 0.1% and 10% by mass, limits inclusive, even better still between 0.1% and 5% by mass, limits inclusive, of the composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, relative to the total mass of the lubricant composition.

15. The use of a formulation as claimed in claim 13 or claim 14, in lubricant formulations for parts in relative motion, for current-generating electric coils, thermal or electric vehicle engines and motors, automotive engines, for metal milling and cutting systems, in fuel compositions.

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