abseiling device

Description

2 Housing or additional mass, which, however, leads to a higher weight and a larger design. Description of the invention 5 Starting from this situation, it is a task of the present invention to improve the thermal behavior of a centrifugal brake. The task of the invention is solved by the features of the independent claim. 10 Advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims. Accordingly, the task is solved by a lowering device with a housing with a rope inlet and a rope outlet for a safety rope, a pulley rotatably mounted on the housing for frictionally guided safety rope between the rope inlet and the rope outlet, a centrifugal brake acting on the pulley, and an impeller driven in particular by the pulley, the safety rope and / or the centrifugal brake for cooling the centrifugal brake. 20 In other words, a rappelling device is proposed which includes a housing that has a rope inlet and a rope outlet for a safety rope.The housing contains a rotatably mounted pulley, which guides the safety rope frictionally between the inlet and outlet. The centrifugal brake acts on this pulley, which slows down any rotational movement of the pulley. For heat dissipation, this centrifugal brake is provided by an impeller, which serves to cool it. The proposed solution provides cooling for the centrifugal brake, whereby the impeller is preferably coupled to the pulley, the safety rope and / or the centrifugal brake movement, for example via a gearbox. In this respect, a rotational movement of the pulley can be proportional to the cooling effected by the impeller.The invention is therefore based on the understanding that by integrating the BE2025 / 5721 3 actively operating impeller, driven by the movement of the pulley, the safety rope and / or the centrifugal brake, a targeted airflow can be generated which cools the centrifugal brake without requiring external energy sources or complex additional systems. This measure effectively limits the operating temperature of the centrifugal brake, thereby improving both safety and the service life of the abseiling device. In other words, the impeller can generate active air movement, leading to better heat dissipation from the centrifugal brake, which ensures its functionality even under prolonged stress. 10. A rappelling device is understood to be, in particular, a mechanical device designed for rescue and evacuation, by which safe and controlled rappelling or...The device enables the lowering of persons or loads, for example during high-altitude and / or rescue operations, such as on masts, offshore installations or building structures. It is preferably designed for lowering heights of up to 500 meters and loads of 1540 to 150 kg, preferably up to 260 to 280 kg. The safety rope is preferably guided through the housing between the rope inlet and the rope outlet. The centrifugal brake is preferably designed as a centrifugally controlled brake, in particular as a centrifugal brake, so that a constant abseiling speed of approximately 0.9 m / s is enabled. The rope inlet and the rope outlet are preferably round, in particular circular, or rectangular, in particular square. The housing is preferably made of milled solid aluminum. The housing preferably has a back and a front, between which the rope inlet, the rope outlet, the pulley and / or the centrifugal brake are provided. The pulley and centrifugal brake can be arranged axes concurrently or via a gear unit and / or axes offset from each other.Likewise, the centrifugal brake can be located on the back or front and therefore on the outside of the housing, while the pulley is located between the back or front. 30 The pulley serves to guide and deflect the safety rope between the rope entry and exit points, preferably over more than 180°. Preferably BE2025 / 5721 4, the safety rope wraps around part of a circumferential surface of the pulley, thereby enabling controlled transmission of movement between the safety rope and the abseiling device. In conjunction with the centrifugal brake, the pulley acts as an inertial element: If the rope speed increases, a rotation of the pulley leads to the activation of the centrifugal brake, which generates a counter-torque through centrifugal force 5 and thus brakes the safety rope. The pulley is therefore not only a mechanical guide element, but also a central active component in the controlled braking system of the abseiling device.Preferably, the pulley has a U- or V-shaped cross-section that receives the safety rope. The surface and / or geometry of the pulley are preferably designed to ensure a reliable positive fit with the safety rope without mechanically damaging it, and at the same time guarantee constant friction. For this purpose, the pulley has, for example, a stepped, serrated, and / or barbed surface, provided with hooks or the like, on its base and / or its sides. Preferably, the pulley has a channel as a friction-guided path for the friction-guided receiving of the safety rope, where the channel preferably has a smaller diameter than that of the abseiling device. has a safety rope that passes through it, and / or the safety rope is guided through a narrow, winding channel, in particular meandering or serpentine, of the pulley.20 A centrifugal brake is understood to be, in particular, a mechanical braking system that develops its braking effect depending on the rotational speed of a rotating element. Technically, the centrifugal brake is based on at least one brake body, which is rotatably mounted and is driven by the rotation, e.g., of the pulley, via a shaft. 25 As the rotational speed increases, the centrifugal force acts on the brake body, so that it moves radially outwards and is thereby pressed against a friction surface, for example, the inner wall of a brake drum or housing. This friction creates a speed-dependent braking force that slows down the rotating system. If the rotational speed increases, the braking force increases automatically, thereby achieving a constant abseiling speed or ensuring that a maximum abseiling speed is not exceeded.The centrifugal brake operates purely mechanically, making it particularly robust, low-maintenance, and independent of electrical energy, which is a significant advantage for safety-critical applications such as abseiling devices. According to a preferred design, the impeller sits on a shaft of the centrifugal brake, is designed as an axial impeller, and / or is arranged externally on the housing. According to another preferred design, the impeller has impeller blades, which are shaped and / or arranged to convey air towards or away from the centrifugal brake when the brake pulley is engaged. The impeller is a rotating component used to convey or move air in a controlled manner. In a preferred embodiment as an axial impeller 10, the impeller consists of a hub with impeller blades attached to it, which are shaped and arranged such that an axial airflow is generated when the impeller rotates, i.e., along the axis of rotation.The impeller can be directly coupled to the centrifugal brake and uses its kinetic energy for air conveyance. The passive engagement via the existing centrifugal brake mechanism creates a self-contained cooling unit without requiring additional energy, which is particularly advantageous for safety-critical, mobile applications. According to another preferred design, the centrifugal brake has, in particular, external cooling fins and / or fins which can be cooled by the impeller. The impeller preferably blows air through the cooling fins and / or fins to cool them. The cooling fins and / or fins serve, in particular, as heat-dissipating structural elements to specifically increase the surface area of ​​the centrifugal brake. The fins are typically made of a thermally conductive material such as aluminum or steel and are preferably arranged on the outside of the centrifugal brake such that the fins are located in the flow area of ​​the airflow generated by the impeller. Due to the increased surface area, heat can be transferred more efficiently to the passing air.The combination of active airflow and increased heat dissipation surface leads to improved convection, which allows the temperature of the centrifugal brake to be kept at a non-critical level during continuous or emergency operation. 30 BE2025 / 5721 6 According to another preferred embodiment, the abseiling device has an impeller cover provided with air passages, which is arranged on the housing and surrounds the impeller. The impeller cover preferably surrounds the impeller completely or partially, whereby the cover can be fixedly arranged on the housing of the abseiling device. The impeller cover protects the rotating impeller from external influences and prevents unintentional contact of hands or foreign bodies with rotating parts, which serves operational safety. In particular, specifically arranged air passages The airflow generated by the impeller is guided in a controlled manner through the entry openings over heat-emitting components, in particular over the centrifugal brake and / or their cooling fins.10 According to another preferred design, the wheel cover grid is designed freely and in particular has a ring connecting the wheel blade as a handle protection. By dispensing with a separate outer protective cover, the design of the abseiling device can become more compact, lighter, and easier to assemble. To still ensure safe operation, the impeller can be equipped with a ring-shaped element that connects the ends of the impeller blades. This so-called impeller blade-connecting ring acts as an integrated handle guard by preventing body parts or objects from getting caught laterally between the blades. At the same time, the ring increases the mechanical stability of the impeller, especially at high speeds, by radially fixing the blades and reducing vibrations. According to another preferred design, the abseiling device has a fixing device provided at the rope entry point for securing a safety rope.The fixing device allows the safety rope to be held in a defined position and secured against unintentional slippage or sliding. Technically, the fixing device can be designed as a mechanical clamp, locking mechanism, or positive locking clamp and is attached directly to the housing in the area of ​​the rope entry. It improves the ease of use of the abseiling device without affecting the actual braking or abseiling mechanism. According to another preferred design, the fixing device is designed as a rope clamp, sheet clamp, eccentric lever, and / or star knob. A rope clamp acts by clamping the safety rope between one or two clamping elements, which are held together by spring force or manual actuation and prevent unintentional slippage.A sheet clamp, as known from sailing, uses inclined clamping jaws or wedge-shaped profiles that automatically lock the safety rope when pulled and release it when unloaded, allowing for particularly quick and intuitive operation. The star handle represents a manually operated screw clamp in which a clamping plate is pressed onto the safety rope via a hand-friendly, star-shaped rotary handle. This design allows for sensitive adjustment of the clamping force and is particularly suitable for applications where a variable but secure hold is necessary. According to another preferred design, the abseiling device has a sliding element mounted in the housing to amplify the force and / or a pivoting element mounted in the housing, by which the force can be adjusted by sliding and / or pivoting. pivoting, a load-dependent friction can be exerted on the safety cable. The pivoting element is preferably pivotably mounted on the housing.The pivoting pivoting element exerts load-dependent friction on the safety cable, thereby braking movement of the safety cable, similar to a centrifugal brake. The heavier the user's body weight is when loading the safety cable, the greater the friction acting on the safety cable. 20 The sliding element is mounted to the housing in a force-amplifying manner, meaning that a sliding movement results in a force amplification due to the mounting. This can be achieved, for example, by guiding the sliding element in slanted slots on the housing, resulting in a kind of wedge effect during displacement. 25 Preferably, the application of a load, particularly to the running safety cable, causes the sliding element and / or the pivoting swiveling element to move. kelementsundderart die loadabhängigRefrige zum AusbremsendesSichteseil.Be- vorfacht die loadabhängigrefrige mit nehmender Schwenkung, besonders 30 linearoder exponentially.The safety cable preferably has a cross-section between 4 and 10 mm, in particular 5, 6, 7.5 or 9 mm, and / or a length between 300 and 400 m, in particular 350 m, where measurement is carried out according to the standard in a tensioned state. Advantageously, the safety cable is made of synthetic material, steel and / or fiber composite material. The fiber composite material can be made with or without fibers of high-strength materials. 5 According to a preferred further development, the force-amplifying sliding element and / or the pivoting element, particularly in a top view of the abseiling device, is mounted between the rope inlet and the rope outlet. The safety rope preferably lies touching both sides of the sliding element and / or the pivoting element. By positioning it between the rope inlet and the rope outlet, a compact design can be achieved.According to a further preferred embodiment, the abseiling device has at least one, in particular two, stop provided on the housing, limiting the rope entry and / or the rope exit together with the force-amplifying sliding element and / or the pivoting element, such that by applying a load to the safety rope, in particular the exiting safety rope, the force-amplifying sliding element and / or the pivoting element is pivoted against the stop limiting the rope entry. Preferably, the stop or stops are fixed between the front and back of the housing, in particular on this 20. Applying a load moves the sliding element or pivots the pivoting element, which then clamps the safety rope between the pivoting element and the stop, so that the safety rope is slowed in its movement.Following this purpose, the stop, in particular both stops, and / or the sliding element and / or the pivoting element preferably has a surface on its side facing the safety rope such that, when no load is attached, the safety rope can slide frictionlessly through the housing, and when a load is attached, it generates sufficient friction to brake the safety rope. Such a design allows a load-dependent reaction of the abseiling device to be mechanically and robustly implemented, thereby improving its functional reliability. BE2025 / 5721 9 According to a further preferred design, the force-amplifying sliding element and / or the pivoting element has a triangular shape in plan view and / or a symmetrical or asymmetrical shape with respect to the stops. In this way, force application and friction build-up can be controlled in a targeted manner.Because a triangular geometry favors defined lever arms relative to a bearing axis and enables a progressive characteristic of the clamping force acting on the safety cable. A symmetrical design provides identical response behavior on both sides at the stops, which simplifies reproducibility and calibration of the braking effect, while an asymmetrical design can generate different characteristic curves for movement directions to the cable entry or exit, for example, for faster response under load from the safety cable and / or more moderate release when the safety cable is unloaded. According to another preferred further development, the pivoting element in a normal position (15) in top view has a shape that extends further in the direction of the rope exit than in the direction of the rope entry. Due to such a design, a center of gravity or an effective lever arm lies relative to the bearing closer to the force application of an exit-side rope tension force.This geometry facilitated early, load-dependent response when a load was applied to the running safety cable, as even slight tensions triggered the pivoting and friction surfaces pressed specifically onto the safety cable. At the same time, the longer shape of the pivoting element on the run-out side reduced its influence on the cable entry. A resulting characteristic curve can be designed progressively, so that with increasing load a disproportionate increase in friction occurs, while upon unloading a defined return to the normal position is enabled, for example by a spring described below or the self-gravity of the pivoting element. According to a further preferred design, the abseiling device has a spring acting on the force-amplifying mounted sliding element and / or the pivoting element, which allows the force-amplifying mounted sliding element and / or the pivoting element to move into a normal position between rope inlet and rope outlet struts.In other words, the spring pre-tensions the force-amplifying sliding element and / or the pivoting element into a defined normal position between the rope entry and exit points, resulting in a reproducible initial position and a well-defined response threshold for the load-dependent friction build-up. In this way, the force-amplifying sliding element and / or the pivoting element is reliably returned to its original position after unloading, unwanted "trailing" on the safety rope 5 is minimized, and a more stable characteristic curve is achieved despite manufacturing and temperature influences. Depending on the design, the spring can be configured as a compression, tension, or torsion spring and provide additional functions such as damping or hysteresis to suppress vibrations and enable smooth engagement and release of the friction effect. lichen. Preferably, a preload force of the spring is selected so that the safety function of the force-enhancing mounted sliding element and / or the swiveling element is maintained even in the event of wear or contamination.Brief Description of the Drawings 15 The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the attached drawings and preferred embodiments. In the drawings, 20 Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of the abseiling device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, 25 Fig. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of the abseiling device after removal of a wheel cover according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, and 3 shows a schematic perspective view of the abseiling device after further removal of a front side according to the preferred embodiment of the invention. BE2025 / 5721 11 Detailed description of the embodiments Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of the abseiling device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, while Fig. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of the abseiling device according to Fig. 1 after removal of a wheel cover 18 and Fig. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of the abseiling device according to Fig.1 after further removal of a front 1 shows. The abseiling device has a housing 2 that is milled from a solid block of aluminum. The housing 2 has a back 3 and the front 1, between which openings are formed as a rope inlet 4 and a rope outlet 5 for a safety rope 6 passed through the housing 2. Furthermore, a pulley 7, visible in Fig. 3 after removal of the front 1, and a centrifugal brake 8, partially concealed, are located in the housing 2. 15 The pulley 7 is rotatably mounted on the housing 2 and serves for the friction-guided receiving of the safety rope 6 between the rope inlet 4 and the rope outlet 5. The pulley 7 is rotationally fixed to the centrifugal brake 8, either directly or as above via a partially visible gearbox19, so that centrifugal brake8 in20 depending on the rope passage the pulley7 and thus the safety rope6 brakes in order to ensure an approximately constant, safe abseiling speed.For this purpose, brake weights are provided in the centrifugal brake 8, mounted on a rotating carrier. As the rotational speed increases, these weights move outwards due to centrifugal force and thereby build up a braking torque against a stationary drum, sleeve, or friction surface via levers, cams, or friction linings. At low rotational speeds, restoring forces, for example by springs, counteract this, so that the centrifugal brake 8 hardly engages, while as the rotational speed of the pulley 7 increases, a contact force, and thus a braking torque, increases proportionally to the rotational speed. 30 BE2025 / 5721 12 Furthermore, the abseiling device includes a cooling impeller 20, which sits on a shaft 21 of the centrifugal brake 8. Rotation or braking of the centrifugal brake 8 causes the impeller blades 22 of the impeller 20 to draw air in the direction of The centrifugal brake 8 conveys and thus cools the centrifugal brake 8. The impeller 20 is designed as an axial impeller and has a plurality of impeller blades 22.The impeller 20 is provided on the outside of the housing 2 of the centrifugal brake 8 on the front 1 and is enclosed by the impeller cover 18. Several air passage openings 23 are provided in the impeller cover 18, through which air can enter and is conveyed by the impeller 20 towards the centrifugal brake 8. 10 The centrifugal brake 8 also has external cooling fins 24, which can also be cooled by the impeller 20. The impeller 20 can also be designed without a cover grille, whereby a ring connecting the impeller blades can be provided as a handle guard. The abseiling device also has on its housing 2 a fixing device 25 provided at the rope inlet 4 for fixing the safety rope 6. The fixing device 25 is 15 designed as a sheet clamp. Furthermore, the housing 2 has a pivoting pivot element 9 mounted on this, which is also arranged between the rear 3 and the front 1 as well as between the rope inlet 4 and the rope outlet 5.The pivoting element 9 allows load-dependent friction to be exerted on the safety cable 6 by pivoting it, as explained in more detail below. For this purpose, the housing 2 has two stops 10, indicated in Fig. 3, which are arranged on the one hand between the rear 3 and the front 1, and on the other hand centrally enclosing the pivoting element 9 25 in the housing 2. The safety cable 6 is thus guided on the one hand through the stop 10 limiting the cable entry 4, on the right in Fig. 3, and the pivoting element 9, and on the other hand through the stop limiting the cable run-up 5, on the left in Fig. 3, and the pivoting element 9. 30 If a load is applied to the safety cable 6 guided through the cable run-up 5 on the left in Fig. 3, or at a connection point 13 described later, the BE2025 / 5721 13 acts on the pivoting element 9 through the load-bearing safety rope 6 and pivots this in the direction of the stop 10 on the right in Fig. 3, which limits the rope entry 4.The pivoting element 9 clamps the safety cable 6 against the stop 10 limiting the cable entry 4, so that the safety cable 6 is braked. In addition to the centrifugal brake 8, the pivoting element 9 also causes a further braking of the safety cable 6 sliding through the housing 2. As can be seen in Fig. 3, the pivoting element 9 in a normal position has an asymmetrical shape in top view, which extends further in the direction of the cable exit 5 than in the direction of the cable entry 4. Due to such a design, a center of gravity 10 or an effective lever arm is located relative to the bearing closer to the force application of an exit-side cable tensile force, which results in an earlier, load-dependent response when a load is applied to the exiting safety cable 6. Furthermore, a similar