Modular hybrid equipment for fertilizer preparation through biological processing stages via composting, combined with a hydroponic system for horticulture.

Description

1 / 19 Modular hybrid equipment for fertilizer preparation through biological processing stages via composting, combined with a hydroponic system for horticulture. Technical Sector

[001] The present invention relates to a modular equipment equipped with a hybrid composting and horticulture system using circular processing digestion boxes, for use in the production of vegetables in homes and / or commercial growing areas. State of the Art

[002] Equipment and devices for composting already exist on the market, and there are also devices for horticultural cultivation.

[003] In terms of literature, the vegetable cultivation system is widely disseminated, and can be presented by species that adapt to both soil and hydroponic systems. From the legacies of ancient civilizations, where food scraps, plants, and other materials were piled up to be degraded and transformed into compost, however, in recent history, the practice was abandoned due to the increased use of chemical fertilizers from the post-World War II period. However, in the last decade, given the social and environmental circumstances, and the health benefits, the consumption of organic food and its naturalistic and humanized production has given rise to the composting technique, an ancient method that is now present.

[004] Composting is considered a process of recycling and transforming organic waste. It is a biological process that values ​​organic matter. A natural procedure in which microorganisms are responsible for degrading the material and transforming it into a humus very rich in nutrients. Organic matter can be of urban, domestic, or other origin. Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 4 / 22 2 / 19 Industrial or agricultural. There are two types of composting: vermicomposting and dry composting. Vermicomposting uses earthworms, which are responsible for transforming the waste into fertilizer. It is a faster method, while in dry composting, the waste is degraded only by microorganisms, a slightly slower process. In both processes, a black liquid compost and a solid compost with a dark soil consistency are produced. The composts are respectively solid humus and liquid humus, also called biofertilizer. Solid humus can be used to fertilize plants and gardens without restrictions. Liquid humus needs to be diluted / fractionated for fertilization, as it concentrates a very high level of nutrients.

[005] In addition to producing excellent fertilizer, the composting system prevents organic waste from going to landfills, reducing methane gas emissions (gas produced during the decomposition of organic waste in an inappropriate location and which causes the greenhouse effect) and the contamination of soil and groundwater.

[006] According to the Ministry of the Environment, 50% of the waste generated in Brazil is organic. With the spread of the composting system, this number could drop drastically. Among the benefits are also the reduction in the cost and frequency of transport to landfills, soil enrichment with quality fertilizer, reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers, rational and conscious management of household waste and consequently the improvement of health and quality of life.

[007] The use of the composting system provides numerous benefits, which can be highlighted as follows: a) The technique provides nutrients to the soil through the decomposition and biological stabilization of organic matter during composting. This process can be optimized through the use of bio-inputs containing bacteria, fungi, and yeasts classified as effective microorganisms. The technique is responsible for establishing beneficial relationships with plants, acting in various processes essential for promoting plant growth, as well as the mobilization and transport of nutrients to the plant through nitrogen fixation and the availability of nutrients such as phosphorus. Thus, when the organic compost produced is applied to the soil, micronutrients such as potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus, in addition to Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 5 / 22 3 / 19 Micronutrients such as zinc and boron become available for the healthy development of plants. b) It promotes an increase in the soil's cation exchange capacity (CEC), and is one of the parameters that can measure the availability of nutrients in the soil. This is done by evaluating the amount of negative charges present in the soil, which are responsible for retaining and making available a large part of the nutrients to the plants. In the soil, negative charges are generally represented mostly by organic particles; therefore, incorporating the compost product into the soil can guarantee an increase in CEC and consequently increase the soil's nutrient retention capacity. c) It improves the utilization rate of mineral fertilizers.Excess free nutrients in the soil can be lost due to natural leaching, causing them to be lost to deeper soil layers, out of reach of the roots. One way to avoid this process is by improving the soil's cation exchange capacity (CEC) through the maintenance and incorporation of organic matter. The organic compost generated by the composting process interacts with soil particles and increases the number of negative charges, which attract the positive charges present in many mineral fertilizer nutrients. d) It promotes the availability of nutrients in soils. Among the essential nutrients for plants, some, such as phosphorus, have limited mobility in the soil. Tropical soils generally have a high clay content and, consequently, high levels of iron and aluminum oxides, a very limiting factor for nutrient management. One way to reduce the effects of nutrient fixation and make them available to plants is by supplying organic acids, such as humic acids. Humic substances are formed from the degradation of plant and animal organic residues; that is, they are present as one of the final compounds produced by the composting process. e) It improves soil structure. Soil structure refers to the size, shape, and arrangement of soil particles.They are presented in a three-phase system, since the spaces created between the elements of the solid (mineral) phase are filled with water and gaseous elements. This composition means that, by improving the soil structure, factors such as infiltration rate and water retention capacity are affected. Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 6 / 22 4 / 19 water, aeration, and root development are optimized. f) It favors microbial activity in the soil. Microorganisms are of significant importance and influence soil quality through essential functions such as decomposition; nutrient cycling; carbon maintenance; symbiosis with roots; and the promotion of plant growth. g) Improvement of the soil's buffering capacity, which is the soil's ability to resist pH changes that are detrimental to its productive potential. This occurs because soil pH influences nutrient solubility, as well as the chemical transformations that occur in the soil and the control of microorganism populations, especially those involved in the nitrogen cycle. In this context, the addition of organic matter increases the soil's buffering potential through its ability to donate and receive hydrogen ions (H+).This characteristic allows it to restrict, to a certain extent, abrupt variations in soil pH. This ensures optimization of the factors that pH influences in the soil, in addition to reducing costs associated with soil correction and minimizing damage caused by toxic elements and compounds to plants. h) Composting is one of the paths to more sustainable agriculture. Composting, besides being an excellent alternative for the use of waste, is one of the paths to more sustainable agriculture. It has proven to be a tool capable of effectively contributing to the construction and recovery of soils, as well as fostering a relationship focused on social and economic development. Through the process and application of composting, it is possible to enable a more sustainable, smarter agriculture, with increased productivity and reduced rates of expansion of agricultural area.Beyond this perspective, its various benefits are not limited to the soil alone, but extend to the entire agricultural production chain. Through it, different opportunities for the sector can be generated, ranging from reducing dependence on external sources of fertilizers to becoming an activity capable of adding more value to organically grown products and generating more jobs and income for the agricultural production sector.

[008] Another alternative that is becoming a cornerstone in reducing environmental impacts and in the pursuit of healthy, quality food is hydroponics. Hydroponics presents a series of techniques Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 7 / 22 5 / 19 employed for planting without the use of soil, through a nutrient solution. This system offers numerous advantages, such as increased productivity with a significant reduction in environmental impact, plant nutrition, optimized planting through water use, and food quality.

[009] Hydroponics is an alternative to soil, using different methods and materials to support plant roots and grow directly in nutrient-rich water. There are multiple approaches to designing hydroponic systems, but the main elements are essentially the same: a) Fresh water. Basic raw material, filtered and with balanced pH. Most plants prefer water with a pH level around 6 and 6.5, and it is possible to adjust the water's acidity with specific solutions. b) Oxygen. In traditional agriculture, roots can obtain the oxygen necessary for respiration from air pockets in the soil. Depending on the hydroponic setup, it is necessary to leave space between the base of the plant and the water reservoir or oxygenate its container using mechanical aerators. c) Root support. Even if the plant does not need soil, its roots still need something to structure and support them.Typical materials include vermiculite, perlite, peat moss, coconut fiber, and rock wool. Materials that can compact, such as sand, or that do not retain moisture, such as gravel, should be discarded. d) Nutrients. The plant will need plenty of magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, and other nutrients to remain healthy and productive. Just like plants that grow in soil, hydroponic plants need a healthy medium rich in fertilizers. When growing plants without soil, this "plant food" should be included in the water that will circulate and feed the plants. The fractionated use of biofertilizer derived from composting, such as liquid humus, is plausible and very well applied. e) Light. The sun is one of the greatest natural sources of energy, and for plants, it is the main source. However, it is necessary to know the dosage differences for each specific species, as well as the contact, direct or indirect, that should be made with the leaves.Light is directly linked to plant metabolism, being important during all stages of their development. Each plant species needs a different amount of light, but without light cultivation becomes impossible, as plants acquire their energy through photosynthesis. This applies to all types of cultivation, whether residential or residential. Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 8 / 22 For 6 / 19 or commercial systems, depending on the species used and the growing conditions, it may be necessary to invest in some special lighting. Each type of plant will have different requirements for the amount of light needed and for the placement of lights (usually referred to as Daily Light Integral or DLI).

[010] Why use hydroponics? This seemingly subtle change in the way we produce food, that is, ignoring the soil, is actually revolutionary, as it allows producers in any space, to produce food anywhere in the world, at any time of year, and still obtain high yields with fewer resources.

[011] Higher yields. Plants grown in well-managed hydroponic systems have excellent growth and health. Because their roots are constantly supplied with all the nutrients they need, the plants spend more time growing and in less time compared to those in soil, expending less energy cultivating extensive root systems in search of food. Growth rates of hydroponically grown plants vary based on the type of system used and the quality of care, but they can mature up to 25% faster than the same plants grown in soil, and also with higher crop yields.

[012] Fewer resources. Hydroponic systems actually use less water than traditional soil-based systems. This is because closed systems are not subject to the same evaporation rates. Furthermore, water used in hydroponic systems can be filtered, replenished with nutrients, and returned to the plants so that water is constantly recycled instead of being wasted; some systems can use up to 98% less water than traditional soil-based systems. Hydroponic plants grown in controlled enclosures do not require pesticides and other potentially harmful chemicals, as hydroponics are protected from many of the plant pests and diseases found directly outdoors in soil-based agricultural operations.

[013] Therefore, it is possible to envision how the combination of these two components; the composting system and hydroponic cultivation, into a single modular product, where the hybrid relationship will provide a system Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 9 / 22 7 / 19 complete, which provides practical assistance and positive feedback regarding beneficial practices for the environment and also for nutrition, derived from pesticide-free production and rich in nutrients.

[014] For the practice of the composting process, it is necessary to use utensils and devices that enable the handling of waste. In a broad sense, a relatively simple composter is necessary, especially due to the very practice of the process which dates back to antiquity; however, the diversity of handling techniques is more efficient when materials and methods are applied to devices that are able to organize and optimize tasks, improving the quality and yield of the process.

[015] Currently, it is possible to observe the use of simple composters, mostly produced with alternative and low-cost materials, or using dedicated products specifically designed for this purpose. Some types of composters can be characterized as follows: a) Stationary Composter or Fixed Composter - Stationary composting bins are a good choice for disposing of garden waste and organic food scraps in a single location. These independent units tend to be tall and offer enough space for the waste produced by an average family. They don't take up much space in small yards or gardens. The use of fixed bins is a popular composting method for beginners, as it requires little effort. It is only necessary to have a proper balance of soil, organic matter, and greens, and to avoid letting the waste pile become too wet. b) Rotary Turning Composter.Rotary tipping composters are self-contained units with one or more chambers. After inserting food and yard waste, the chambers can be rotated using a handle or crank, allowing oxygen to be evenly distributed throughout the pile, which helps accelerate the decomposition process. There are many benefits to using a rotary tipping composter to produce solid humus compost; the rotational process helps move the pile of waste, homogenizing the compost structure, which helps deter rodents and prevents the elements from making your pile excessively wet. Turning the crank twice a week also requires less effort than regularly turning a pile of waste with gardening tools. Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 10 / 22 8 / 19 This type of product is suitable for outdoor spaces sufficient for a large composting device and is intended for the disposal of organic food waste from the kitchen and garden. This type of product is designed for a central location to collect various yard waste, kitchen scraps, and other compostable organic materials. c) Automatic composter. This consists of an electronic device representing one of the possible solutions for the disposal of domestic organic waste. An automatic composter transforms the waste load into fertilizer in an average period of 12 hours and does not require technical knowledge to operate, as it follows a programmed routine. Models are available for processing 2 kg and 5 kg of waste. They can be installed in a wide variety of environments, including houses, apartments, markets, restaurants, snack bars, bars, cafeterias, hotels, commercial establishments, schools, colleges, or industries.

[016] The most widespread type of composter in Brazil is the 3-stage composter, which uses a system of three stacked boxes. Two boxes alternate in receiving organic waste, such as fruit peels, vegetable scraps, and even garden trimmings. The third box accumulates the excess liquid produced in the process, the liquid humus, called liquid compost. The procedure is simple: the organic waste produced daily by the household is placed in one of the boxes and covered with dry plant matter (sawdust or dry leaves). In approximately 60 days, the worms in the boxes have done their work, feeding on the waste and transforming it into solid humus. If done correctly, composting does not produce any unpleasant odor and can yield a generous volume of humus.

[017] There are no hybrid or integrated proposals in a single device or product that simultaneously works with both crops. Composters and hydroponic systems are applied separately, each in its own modus operandi, and can only be integrated through sequencing, not occurring in any type of product that can integrate the two systems directly and in a single concept.

[018] In a broad sense, the proposition of a hybrid composting and hydroponics system has its concept focused on a systemic process capable of continuously producing raw material for another system or Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 11 / 22 9 / 19 process. In a relationship based on Systems Design, with an open loop, the interconnections with other systems create a relationship where the output of one system is the input in a new system, and this relationship triggers new processes and interactions. Within this approach, the composting system uses organic waste and leaf litter as output, whose natural interaction with vermiculture and natural fermentations, combined with the contributions of nitrifying bacteria and fungi, transforms this compost into two distinct products: a nutrient-rich substrate, solid humus, and another equally rich substrate, liquid humus. Both are outputs of the composting system and both can be used as inputs in other systems.Under the specific conditions employed in the concept of the Hybrid Modular Composting and Horticulture System using Circular Processing Digester Boxes, the same system simultaneously develops two subsystems: the Composting Subsystem and the Hydroponics Subsystem. While the Composting Subsystem develops humus substrates (output) and supplies them as input to the Hydroponics Subsystem, specifically liquid humus, which will become the main nutrient flowing in the hydroponic irrigation aqueduct. Objectives of the present invention

[019] The present invention consists of a hybrid composting and hydroponics equipment for the decomposition of residential or commercial organic matter, converting organic matter into a rich substrate - which acts directly on plant stability, the supply of oxygen, water and nutrients, and also assists in the transport of carbon dioxide between the air and the roots - which equipment simultaneously supplies the hydroponics system (liquid humus) to nourish the cultivation of plants and vegetables on aqueduct shelves.

[020] It is noteworthy that the problem involving the cultivation of plants in restricted locations, in small spaces, especially plants intended for food, is a hurdle in relation to management and other natural conditions, which brings to light the knowledge, the opportunity for the development of products that can generate intelligent and effective responses in urban environments. Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 12 / 22 10 / 19

[021] The process of decomposing organic matter to convert substrates combined with hydroponic cultivation can coexist harmoniously and be scaled to meet the demand related to home gardens and micro-production dedicated to commercial vegetables.

[022] Thus, regarding the “problem related to space and handling conditions”, the present invention presents particularities that offer conditions that integrate two systems into a single process and optimize the relationship between use and occupancy volumes with modularity.

[023] The use of a composting system equipped with digester boxes, moved by a circular process, optimizes handling and maintenance in small spaces, allowing the process to be clean and easy to maintain.

[024] Under broad usage conditions, the invention makes it possible to demonstrate the potential for enhanced usability and ergonomics for the end user.

[025] In the application of regulatory and ethical frameworks, the product allows the effective implementation of environmental parameters related to the cultivation of plants and food plants, further reaffirming sustainable awareness.

[026] In response to social relations and the management of public policies, the product establishes behaviors endowed with social and environmental values, especially in the treatment of organic waste and in encouraging the cultivation of healthy food.

[027] In this sense, the proposal of a Hybrid Modular Composting and Horticulture System Equipment using Circular Processing Digester Boxes encourages the use of organic matter from food waste, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases such as methane CH4, contributes to the generation of natural and non-toxic fertilizer compost, contributes to the reduction of the proliferation of disease-causing agents, and contributes to the protection of soil and water. The process proves to be potentially economical for low-volume production and highly economical in high-volume processes, positively impacting the urban landscape, and also providing a wide margin for the use of accessory components, intended for expanding cultivation and improving production. Such resources allow for a logic that promotes the rationalization of cultivation, Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 13 / 22 11 / 19 fostering an important role in the social, cultural, environmental, and economic strata, with potential for development and human health. Finally, the resulting product facilitates production logic, simplifies processes and management through modular systems that ensure the conscious and intelligent use of these resources. Detailed Description of the Invention

[028] This is a hybrid composting and hydroponic cultivation system, consisting of a set of modules made from Polypropylene (PP) and / or Polyethylene (PE) polymers.

[029] The present invention has as its basic manufacturing process the thermoforming by the Rotomolding process of polymers. The materials used in the product, all of which are of large scale, are of recycled origin.

[030] It is noteworthy that the Rotomolding process has evolved in recent years and now allows the production of complex technical parts at low cost. Although it is a slower process, it offers advantages for molding large parts. Also known as rotational casting or rotational molding, it is a process for transforming polymeric materials used to produce hollow or open parts, components with tanks and modules.

[031] Rotomolding is a simple process, consisting of a hollow mold (usually made of aluminum), filled with powdered or liquid polymer, placed in a heated chamber, rotating in two movements with low and distinct rotations (rotation and translation).

[032] The production process is considered economical, where the absence of applied effort provides hollow parts without residual stresses. The raw material, when in powder form, must be micronized (undergo ultrafine grinding using mills) to facilitate flow in the mold, thus reducing air entrapment (bubbles) and accelerating the plasticization of the material. The micronized material facilitates cycle reduction and prevents degradation. Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 14 / 22 12 / 19

[033] The structure of the equipment is shown below, as in Figure 1:

[034] Component 1: Digester box unit (Four individual modules): • Function: To store organic waste and allow for the processing of waste and maturation of compost through interaction with earthworms, and to allow for the drainage of liquid humus to the lower compartment. • Technical specifications: Produced from Polypropylene (PP) and / or Polyethylene (PE) polymers, in four modules arranged in a square shape (beginning, intermediate, maturation I, final compound), but with circular handling. • Module manufacturing process: basic manufacturing process using thermoforming via polymer rotomolding. • Interaction with other components: Allows the separation of solid material from liquid humus through the unit's lower opening, which directs it to the circular handling crate (liquid humus is collected in all digestion units).

[035] Component 2: Vented Cover: • Function: To prevent insects from entering and help control odor, allowing the necessary ventilation for the aerobic process through symmetrical openings with diameters calculated for airflow, without letting the odor escape. • Technical Specifications: Produced from Polypropylene (PP) and / or Polyethylene (PE) polymers, in four modules arranged on top of the composting modules. • Module manufacturing process: basic manufacturing process using thermoforming via polymer rotomolding. • Interaction with other components: Facilitates air exchange, essential for microbial activity, preventing unpleasant odors (and are located in the digestion unit).

[036] Component 3: Circular handling crate • Function: Location where the four composting modules are arranged and where it will be Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 15 / 22 13 / 19 circular management of the modules was carried out. Responsible for capturing the liquid humus that drains (leachate) from the composting modules, facilitating decomposition and collection of liquids. • Technical Specifications: Crate that holds the composting modules, produced from Polypropylene (PP) and / or Polyethylene (PE) polymers, in a single module. • Module manufacturing process: basic manufacturing process using thermoforming via polymer rotomolding. • Interaction with other components: Helps in the collection of liquid humus, coupling the liquid and maintaining the appropriate environment for earthworms and microorganisms in the digestive unit.

[037] Component 4: Reservoir (water + biofertilizer) • Function: A module that stores the nutrient solution needed to feed the plants in hydroponic cultivation. Contains clean water, which is mixed with the nutrient solution (liquid humus). • Module manufacturing process: basic manufacturing process, thermoforming by the polymer rotomolding process. • Interaction with other components: Stores water for delivery to the hydroponic cultivation system in the vertical structure.

[038] Component 5: Californian Earthworms • Function: To decompose organic matter efficiently, accelerating composting. • Technical Specifications: Californian earthworms (Eisenia fetida) are suitable Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 16 / 22 14 / 19 for composting because they are voracious and can tolerate high densities of waste. • Interaction with other components: They act directly on organic waste, transforming it into humus.

[039] Component 6: Organic Waste (Green and Brown) • Function: Raw material (inputs) for the composting process. • Technical Specifications: Kitchen waste (fruits, vegetables) and dry waste (leaves, cardboard) for nitrogen and carbon balance. • Interaction with other components: They feed the microorganisms and earthworms that decompose the material.

[040] Component 7: Drainage pump • Function: Responsible for circulating the nutrient solution from the base of the reservoir to the top of the system in the vertical structure, ensuring adequate distribution of the solution to all plants. • Manufacturing process: Accessory sold separately • Interaction with other components: Located in the water reservoir.

[041] Component 8 - Structural Module • Function: pieces for supporting the modules, placed on the side and under the water reservoir, and one of the sides houses the hydroponic vertical garden. • Module manufacturing process: basic manufacturing process, thermoforming by the polymer rotomolding process. • Interaction with other components: the side panel that houses the hydroponic garden is connected to the water and nutrient solution reservoir.

[042] Component 9 - Piping • Function: Networks of pipes that allow the flow of nutrient solution from the pump to the delivery points at the roots of the plants. Usually made of PVC, connected so that the water flows down by gravity after reaching the top. • Manufacturing process: Accessory sold separately Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 17 / 22 15 / 19 • Interaction with other components: Located inside the lateral vertical structure, connecting the water reservoir and the movement of the nutrient solution to the plants.

[043] Component 10 - Vertical Structure • Function: Network of pipes that allow the flow of nutrient solution from the pump to the delivery points at the roots of the plants. Usually made of PVC, connected so that the water flows down by gravity after reaching the top. • Manufacturing process: Accessory sold separately • Interaction with other components: Located inside the lateral vertical structure, connecting the water reservoir and the movement of the nutrient solution to the plants.

[044] Component 11 - Drain tap • Function: To facilitate the collection of liquid humus resulting from decomposition. • Technical Specifications: Small opening designed to accommodate a tap installed on the circular handling crate to facilitate the removal of liquid humus from the container. • Module manufacturing process: Accessory sold separately. • Interaction with other components: Connects to the lower compartment, the water reservoir, to release accumulated liquid.

[045] Component 12 - Nutrient Solutions • Function: Mixture of water with essential nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients), derived from the composting process, the liquid humus, placed in the necessary fraction so that when mixed with water in the reservoir it is directed through pumping and piping to the roots of the plants present in the upper area in the lateral vertical structure. • Interaction with other components: Located in the water reservoir. Solution resulting from the mixture of water with the indicated fraction of liquid humus (derived from the composting process). Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 18 / 22 16 / 19

[046] Component 13 - Artificial Lighting (if necessary) • LED lamps or fluorescent lamps are used to provide adequate light for plants, especially in indoor environments or with little sunlight. • Manufacturing process: Accessory sold separately

[047] Component 14 - Timer, • Device for controlling the irrigation cycle, switching the pump on and off at regular intervals. • Manufacturing process: Accessory sold separately

[048] Component 15 - Photovoltaic Panel Module • Device to supply the water pump and, if necessary, artificial lighting. • Manufacturing process: Accessory sold separately

[049] The operating steps of the hybrid composting and hydroponic cultivation system are presented below:

[050] Step 1: Preparation and Addition of Waste • Description: It begins with the preparation of organic waste, separating the green (rich in nitrogen) and brown (rich in carbon) waste. The waste is added to unit A of the composter's digester box. • Active Components: Organic waste, digestion unit. • Input: Entry of fresh waste (food scraps, dry leaves). • Objective of this step: To initiate the decomposition process with a balanced combination of materials.

[051] Stage 2: Action of Earthworms and Microorganisms • Description: Californian earthworms and microorganisms begin to decompose organic waste, generating heat and promoting the transformation of matter into humus. Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, pages 19 / 22 17 / 19 • Active Components: Earthworms, Organic Waste, Microorganisms. • Inlet / Outlet: Oxygen intake through the lid vent. • Stage Objective: To accelerate aerobic decomposition and maintain a balance between humidity and ventilation.

[052] Step 3: Liquid Humus Drainage • Description: During decomposition, liquid humus is generated and flows out of the bottom of the digester box, and attaches to the circular handling crate, where it can be collected through the tap. • Active Components: Digestion box, Circular handling crate, Drainage tap, Liquid humus. • Outputs: Liquid humus is discharged into the lower compartment, and byproduct is removed. • Objective of this step: To collect the liquid without harming the composting process of the solid humus.

[053] Stage 4: Module Rotation • Description: After an initial decomposition, digester box A is transferred to the side to continue the decomposition and composting of the material, while new waste is added to the compartment of digester box B. When the volume of unit B is filled, the process is carried out again in digester box C, and the same occurs with digester box D. • Active Components: Digestion boxes and circular handling crate • Input / Output: Input of partially decomposed waste into the intermediate module. • Stage Objective: To ensure that the composting process continues through different stages of maturation.

[054] Step 5: Collection of solid and liquid humus • Description: After the complete decomposition process (generally between 3 and 6 months), the humus (final compost) is collected from digestion box A, and successively from the other boxes. This process ensures greater control and analysis. Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 20 / 22 18 / 19 regarding the stages and components in each compost, and the liquid humus is collected throughout the process simultaneously from all the boxes, through drainage in the circular handling crate, and can be removed through the opening containing the tap. • Active Components: Humus, Drainage Tap, Earthworms. • Input / Output: Output of solid humus for use as compost and liquid humus as liquid fertilizer. • Objective of this step: To use the compost produced to fertilize plants and gardens, and the liquid humus to be mixed with water in the water reservoir.

[055] Stage 6: Planting: • The plants (or seedlings) are placed in the planting cup, located in the upper area of ​​the composter's side structure - the vertical garden - with their roots positioned so that they can absorb the nutrient solution. Substrate can be added to support the roots, if necessary.

[056] Stage 7: Irrigation Cycle: • The water pump is activated, carrying the nutrient solution from the water reservoir to the top of the system through the piping. The solution is then distributed so that it flows by gravity from plant to plant, hydrating the roots.

[057] Step 8: Solution Recirculation: • After irrigating all the plants, the nutrient solution returns to the reservoir, completing the cycle. The system is closed, meaning the solution is continuously recycled, saving water.

[058] Step 9: Monitoring of Nutrients and pH: • It is important to regularly monitor and adjust the nutrient concentration in the solution and the pH of the water to ensure the ideal environment for plant growth. Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 21 / 22 19 / 19

[059] Step 10: Light Control: • If the system is indoors or in an area with little natural light, artificial lighting should be controlled, simulating the solar cycle to promote proper plant growth.

[060] Stage 11: Harvesting: • When the plants reach the harvest point, they are removed from the containers. The growing cycle can then be restarted with new plants or seedlings.

[061] Stage 12: Systemic relationship of the hybrid composting and hydroponic cultivation system • Crop residues can return to the initial stage and become part of the composting cycle. Petition 870250078781, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 22 / 22

Claims

1 / 2 CLAIM 1. MODULAR HYBRID EQUIPMENT FOR THE PREPARATION OF FERTILIZER THROUGH BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING STAGES VIA COMPOSTING, COMBINED WITH A HYDROPONICS SYSTEM FOR HORTICULTURE, characterized by comprising: a) Digester box unit (four individual modules); b) Ventilated lid; c) Circular handling crate; d) Reservoir (water + biofertilizer); e) Californian earthworms; f) Organic waste (green and brown); g) Drainage pump; h) Structural module; i) Piping; j) Vertical structure; k) Drainage tap; l) Nutrient solutions; m) Artificial lighting; n) Timer; o) Photovoltaic panel module. Petition 870250012641, dated 02 / 17 / 2025, page. 7 / 28 2 / 2 2. MODULAR HYBRID EQUIPMENT FOR THE PREPARATION OF FERTILIZER THROUGH BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING STEPS VIA COMPOSTING, COMBINED WITH A HYDROPONICS SYSTEM FOR HORTICULTURE, characterized by comprising a process with the following steps: a) Preparation of organic waste, separating green (rich in nitrogen) and brown (rich in carbon) waste and adding them to unit A of the composting digester box; b) Decomposition of organic waste; c) Drainage of liquid humus; d) Rotation of modules; e) Collection of solid and liquid humus from the boxes; f) Planting; g) Irrigation; h) Recirculation of the nutrient solution; i) Monitoring of nutrients and pH; j) Harvesting.

3. MODULAR HYBRID EQUIPMENT FOR THE PREPARATION OF FERTILIZER THROUGH BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING STEPS VIA COMPOSTING, COMBINED WITH A HYDROPONICS SYSTEM FOR HORTICULTURE, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by a systemic relationship between the hybrid composting and hydroponic cultivation system. Petition 870250012641, dated 02 / 17 / 2025, page 8 / 28

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