Method and process of accelerated composting of aquatic macrophytes to obtain organomineral fertilizer

Description

[001] The present invention, pertaining to the field of fertilizers, relates to a method and process for transforming organic inputs into Organomineral Fertilizer - OMF from accelerated enzymatic composting; specifically, it is an optimized organic decomposition method and process for transforming aquatic macrophytes taken from freshwater bodies, such as rivers, reservoirs, lakes, ponds and swamps, into organic compost, more quickly than by using the traditional composting process, and subsequently, after obtaining the organic compost, adding minerals to serve as fertilizer for agricultural crops, providing balanced nutrition to plants.

[002] In essence, accelerated composting is a controlled and managed biological decomposition process, aerobic and thermophilic, in which the degradation of organic waste is carried out in a short period of time, and results in a more stable organic product, chemically and biologically, for use as an agricultural input, and is therefore a sanitized and safe product for the environment. FIELD OF APPLICATION

[003] Aquatic plants that can be seen with the naked eye Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 120 / 185 2 / 58 nu, are called macrophytes, etymologically from the Greek “macro” (large) and “-phyte” (plant), forming the word “macrophyte” which means “large plant”.

[004] Aquatic macrophytes are plant species whose active photosynthetic parts are permanently, or for some months of the year, totally, partially submerged or floating. In common parlance, macrophytes are known as aquatic plants and play a fundamental role in the aquatic ecosystems of Brazil, performing several functions and having significant ecological importance, such as: i) Ecosystem stability as they help to fix sediments, preventing erosion of the banks of water bodies, in addition to their roots providing habitats for a variety of aquatic organisms, such as fish, invertebrates and microorganisms; ii) Nutrient cycling as they absorb nutrients from the water, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, thus reducing the excess of these, which can cause eutrophication, and when the macrophytes die and decompose their nutrients are released back into the environment, making them available to other organisms;iii) Water filtration through its leaves, stems, and roots, which act as natural filters, removing suspended particles, sediments, and pollutants from the water, contributing to improved water quality, making it cleaner and healthier for aquatic life; and iv) Habitat and refuge for a wide variety of aquatic organisms, offering breeding, feeding, and shelter sites for fish, amphibians, aquatic birds, aquatic insects, and a variety of other organisms. Its presence diversifies the; Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 121 / 185 3 / 58 habitat structure, promoting biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems.

[005] For some decades, the proliferation of aquatic macrophytes has been a cause for concern and damage to the environment; it is directly linked to pollution, especially eutrophication, which is the uncontrolled increase of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen in water bodies. Pollution, from sources such as domestic sewage, agricultural fertilizers and industrial effluents, provides ideal conditions for the excessive growth of macrophytes, causing great damage to aquatic ecosystems.

[006] This excessive proliferation due to pollution causes: i) Eutrophication, which is the introduction of excess nutrients into the water that act as fertilizers for macrophytes, stimulating their growth; ii) Changes in the ecosystem affecting water quality, aquatic life, and even human health; iii) Reduction of water oxygenation due to excess macrophytes that consume Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in the water, harming fish and other aquatic organisms; iv) Reduction of luminosity due to the dense vegetation of macrophytes affecting the photosynthesis of other aquatic plants; ev) Formation of environments conducive to the proliferation of disease vectors such as mosquitoes, larvae, and parasites that increase the risk of infections in fauna and humans.

[007] Other factors in which the proliferation of aquatic macrophytes interferes are energy generation, irrigation, navigation, fishing, tourism and recreation. Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 122 / 185 4 / 58 Specifically, in hydroelectric power generation (HPPs), free-floating and submerged biological forms are most closely related to damage caused by obstruction of intake grates and turbines; the intense presence of vegetation hinders access by maintenance teams to critical areas and increases the response time to failures and the operating cost of the plants.

[008] In summary, generally speaking, macrophyte proliferation is a symptom of pollution and eutrophication, and its impacts can be significant for the environment, human health, and various economic activities. Hence the importance of implementing measures to reduce pollution and control macrophyte growth to ensure the health of aquatic ecosystems.

[009] The disposal of aquatic macrophytes removed from waterways is an environmental and logistical challenge, and the possible disposal methods are: i) Landfill disposal, which is inadequate due to high logistical and environmental costs resulting from high moisture content, waste of material with energy and agronomic potential, and the risk of generating leachate and greenhouse gases; ii) Burning and incineration after drying the organic matter to generate heat, which presents high energy costs for drying, emission of air pollutants, loss of nutrients present in the biomass, and is economically unfeasible to carry out on a large scale; iii) Conventional composting where macrophytes are mixed with dry waste to generate organic compost, Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 123 / 185 5 / 58 However, this is a slow process, between 90 and 120 days, which can generate unpleasant odors if poorly managed and requires a large area and a constant volume of labor; iv) Anaerobic digestion in biodigesters for biogas production produces renewable energy generation via the burning of methane - CH4, generating fertilizer as a byproduct, but requires specific and expensive infrastructure and presents slow digestion if not combined with carbon-rich residues; v) Production of paper or handicrafts via the use of macrophyte fibers, but is limited to small-scale production, requires rigorous sanitary control and is unfeasible for large volumes;and vi) Accelerated composting for biofertilizer production, which involves an optimized and controlled aerobic decomposition process with the application of enzymes and selected microorganisms, resulting in a reduced effectiveness time of approximately 10 to 20 days, eliminating pathogens, obtaining high-quality organic fertilizer, with low environmental costs, and feasible for large-volume operation with integrated management.

[010] Thus, accelerated composting for agronomic purposes, described in the present invention, presents itself as one of the most sustainable, replicable and environmentally sound solutions for the disposal of aquatic macrophytes removed from watercourses, promoting the circular economy and the use of environmental liabilities as valuable inputs.

[011] Several factors, in addition to the action of microorganisms, directly influence the composting process, such as temperature, humidity, aeration, pH, ratio Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 124 / 185 6 / 58 between carbon and nitrogen (C / N) and the particle size of the materials. Based on these parameters, the method and process described herein were developed, validated, and expanded into new and unprecedented accelerated composting techniques aimed at obtaining highly efficient biofertilizer. FUNDAMENTALS

[012] The controlled intensification of biological degradation of organic waste is influenced by a series of physical-chemical and microbiological variables; among the main elements involved, the following stand out: the carbon / nitrogen (C / N) ratio, moisture, temperature, pH, aeration and particle size of the material.

[013] The inoculation of specific microbial consortia and / or enzymatic complexes is an essential element to enable accelerated composting, especially in residues with a high proportion of lignocellulosic compounds, such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin, in particular, is a polymer with high resistance to natural degradation, requiring more specialized biological agents for its conversion.

[014] The initial C / N ratio of the material to be composted should be adjusted to an ideal equilibrium range, usually between 25:1 and 35:1, in order to guarantee an adequate supply of carbon as an energy source and nitrogen as a structural element for microbial multiplication. Aquatic plant residues, such as macrophytes, often have C / N ratios below desirable levels, which makes Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 125 / 185 7 / 58 The addition of structural materials with a high content of bioavailable carbon is necessary.

[015] Substrate moisture is equally critical, and should be maintained between 50% and 60% to ensure nutrient solubility and gas diffusion, conditions essential for maintaining microbial activity. The system temperature acts as an indicator of biological activity and process efficiency. Under ideal conditions, the temperature evolves from the initial range of 25 °C to values ​​around 60 °C during the thermophilic phase, a stage characterized by the maximum rate of decomposition of organic matter. In accelerated composting, this temperature increase is promoted by internal control mechanisms or external energy input, significantly shortening the processing time.

[016] Aeration is another fundamental parameter, especially in aerobic processes. In electromechanical composters, oxygen supply is actively provided through mechanical turning of the biomass and automated monitoring of moisture levels, which avoids anaerobic zones and promotes compost homogeneity.

[017] pH control between 5.5 and 8.5 is necessary for maintaining enzymatic activity and the balance of microbial populations. Particle size directly influences the surface area available for colonization and microbial attack: smaller particles have a larger specific surface area, favoring more intense biochemical reactions and, consequently, a decomposition process. Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 126 / 185 8 / 58 faster.

[018] In this way, the synergistic combination of physical-chemical and biological adjustments allows for the optimization of the accelerated composting process, serving as a conceptual basis for the development of the present invention. SYNTHESIS

[019] The Method and Process of Accelerated Composting of Aquatic Macrophytes for Obtaining Organomineral Fertilizer - OMF comprises the following main steps: i) shredding of aquatic macrophytes; ii) preparation of dry solids to adjust the C / N ratio of the mixture to be composted; iii) preparation of liquids to control the moisture content of the mixture to be composted; iv) preparation of microbiological inoculants, enzymes and minerals to accelerate and enrich the mixture to be composted; v) mixing of solids, microbiological inoculants, enzymes and minerals to obtain the mixture to be composted; vi) heating and aeration of the mixture; vii) cooling of the mixture; viii) bagging of the Organomineral Fertilizer - OMF; and ix) maturation of the OMF obtained in the bags for commercialization. STATE OF THE ART Natural Composting of Aquatic Macrophytes

[020] Aquatic macrophytes, such as Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce), Commelina diffusa (gummy grass), Salvinia spp. (water moss) and other floating, emergent or submerged species, are fast-growing and widely found in bodies of water. Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 127 / 185 9 / 58 eutrophic water bodies are frequently removed by environmental management actions for biological control, reservoir unclogging, and reduction of sanitary impacts, whose biomass, when removed, often becomes an environmental liability (SANTIAGO et al., 2013).

[021] The natural composting process is the most widely used in Brazil and takes up to 180 days for final use in agricultural soil. In this process, organic matter is shredded and placed in windrows, requiring turning (mechanized or manual) every 15 days to improve aeration. [ 0 2 2 ] Composting is a process that transforms organic waste into compost usable in agriculture, resulting in a product derived from the aerobic biodegradation of organic matter under conditions controlled by humans. Another important contribution of compost is that it improves soil conditioning (INÁCIO; MILLER, 2009). The ideal parameters for a natural composting process are: - Waste temperature: in the initial phase called mesophilic, and in the final phase thermophilic; - Hydrogen ion potential (pH) between 5.0 and 6.0; - Humidity between 40 and 60%; - C / N ratio (Carbon / Nitrogen) between 25 / 1 and 35 / 1; - Particle size below 10 mm; - Aeration or turning at least every 15 days. Accelerated Composting of Aquatic Macrophytes

[023] Accelerated composting represents a promising technological alternative for the transformation of Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 128 / 185 10 / 58 organic waste is transformed into stable compost in significantly shorter periods compared to conventional composting. This technique has been progressively applied to urban, industrial, and agricultural plant waste. However, when applied to aquatic macrophytes, accelerated composting still presents technical and logistical challenges that have not been fully resolved.

[024] The biomass resulting from the removal of aquatic macrophytes has a high moisture content (>90%), a low C / N ratio (<20:1), a high lignin and cellulose load, and low apparent density, characteristics that make its processing via conventional composting slow and difficult to control (KIEHL, 1985; SANTIAGO et al., 2013; LOPES et al., 2020).

[025] In accelerated composting, technological interventions are sought to optimize critical process variables: aeration, temperature, humidity, particle size, and microbial activity. For aquatic macrophytes, the addition of structuring materials such as rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, or sawdust is common practice to increase the C / N ratio, absorb moisture, and improve the physical structure of the biomass (SILVA et al., 2017; NASCIMENTO et al., 2019).

[026] Mechanized systems, such as rotary or electromechanical composters, have been employed to intensify aeration, ensure mass homogeneity, and allow automated control of parameters such as temperature and humidity. The use of bioaccelerators and inoculants Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 129 / 185 11 / 58 specific microbials, mainly those with lignocellulolytic activity, have been tested with promising results in reducing the composting time of macrophytes (RODRIGUES et al., 2021; SANTOS et al., 2018).

[027] Another strategy explored is the prior shredding of plant biomass in order to reduce particle size, increasing the surface area for microbial attack. This practice has been shown to significantly accelerate the decomposition process and avoid anaerobic zones within the mass (MARTINS et al., 2016; FERREIRA et al., 2021).

[028] Despite these approaches, accelerated composting of aquatic macrophytes still lacks integrated and optimized systems that combine pretreatment technologies, automated control, microbial inoculation and management of operational parameters, resulting in processes with high efficiency, low cost and reduced maturation time of the final compost. State of the Art in Patent Databases

[029] In research in the patent database of the Institute The following processes related to the technical field of the present invention were found in the National Institute of Industrial Property - INPI: patent BR102019014687-7, which describes the production of protein from the processing of floating aquatic macrophytes of the Araceae species Pistia Stratiotes; the interaction of these by-products with ingredients used in animal and human feed (soybean meal, wheat, corn, and protein concentrates) significantly increases the final protein concentration. Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 130 / 185 12 / 58 of the prepared rations, the process involves plant management in the reservoir, harvesting and processing of macrophytes, obtaining a compound consisting of five by-products: (I) macrophyte paste, (II) macrophyte broth, (III) macrophyte bagasse, (IV) macrophyte meal and (V) macrophyte protein concentrates;Patent BR102022017127-0 describes a composting system in bays with passive and forced aeration and automated control for the treatment of organic solid waste, aiming to improve the composting system of waste from household activities and various economic activities, having a forced aeration system, pipes inserted in the floor, air outlet flow devices, and flow control devices, the automatic air control system contains a communication network, the bay system provides vertical containment of waste in piles with plastic or other material in walls of metal profiles, the modular solution for the distribution of the bays must meet the production required for daily, weekly, bi-weekly or monthly periods, the shed must have a roof to eliminate interference from inclement weather and the aeration system must distribute oxygen in an optimized way and control the humidity of the process;and patent BR102017010980-1 which describes an ultra-fast composting process that consists of transforming food scraps into rich and fertile fertilizer using automatic methods in appropriate composting machines, through the controlled mixing of sawdust, calcium oxide and peat in specific stages, duration, temperature and dosages; the patent; Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 131 / 185 13 / 58 Brazilian draft law BR 102020026462-1 addresses the transformation of animal carcasses and agro-industrial organic waste through aerobic composting for the production of organic fertilizer via aerobic and biotechnological composting, thus protecting nature through the collection, transport, treatment, and final disposal of organic waste, in accordance with environmental standards. The rural producer delivers the carcasses and animal remains to the composting unit, which controls the decomposition of organic materials. The aerating material can be poultry litter, wood shavings, coarse-grained sawdust, wood chips, bean straw, soybean straw, rice husks, and dry manure, in an approximate quantity of up to 6 m³. The dead animal is placed in the center of the litter, covered with dry material with a high carbon content, and the composting remains moist for a period of 4 to 6 months.

[030] In the Spacenet patent database of the Office Several patents addressing accelerated composting, using municipal solid waste as primary inputs, were found in the European Patent Office - EPO. SG196696A1), kitchen waste (PL245478B1), agricultural and industrial cellulosic material (FR2571717A1), grape must (HUT63189A), bovine and poultry manure (UA8463U, CN216890717U, RU2706539C1, RU2658388C1), sewage sludge (CN108680656A), animal carcasses (CN216890717U) and composting containers and equipment (RU2271883C1, DE19841390C1); related to the technical field of the present invention, the following processes were found: the patent Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 132 / 185 14 / 58 GB2422825A describes a method for accelerated composting of mixed organic waste, characterized in that the conditions relating to the formulation, establishment and control of the initial fermentation phase of the waste to be composted are determined by means of a pre-step consisting of characterizing and optimizing the biodegradability and degradation kinetics of the initial mixture composed of different types of waste to be composted, specifically, said pre-step comprises (i) rapid measurement of oxygen uptake (respirometric measurement) by a solid organic biological medium and (ii) processing of the result of said respirometric measurement by means of modeling that expresses the growth and decomposition of microorganisms in the waste, the absorption of the organic substrate and the oxygen absorption related to said growth, the method refers to a model comprising ten parameters,whose determination forms the characterization of biodegradability, quantification, qualification and kinetics of the solid waste tested: parameters that describe the initial composition of the organic material: respectively the initial content of microorganisms, immediately biodegradable material and slowly biodegradable material; kinetic parameters: specific growth kinetics of microorganisms, half-saturation constant of the immediately biodegradable substrate, decay kinetics of microorganisms, hydrolysis kinetics and half-saturation constant of the slowly biodegradable material, performance parameters: conversion efficiency coefficient of the substrate, Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 133 / 185 15 / 58 of microorganisms and the conversion coefficient of dead biomass to inert organic material; it is possible to determine the initial values ​​of these parameters through graphs of the respirometric measurement result, whose parameters, after statistical treatment, are used to formalize, within the accelerated composting process, the aforementioned stage involving the characterization and optimization of the formulation of a solid or pasty organic mixture of substrates to be treated, as well as the prediction of the conditions for managing the fermentation phase of said treatment; and patent RU2765489C1, which describes a method for continuous accelerated composting of any organic residues to produce organomineral fertilizer, the working mixture is prepared, which includes crushed wet organic residues, a dry carrier, and a complex of trace elements in the form of an aqueous solution of iron, manganese, and molybdenum salts as an activator, in addition,Quicklime is added, the working mix is ​​loaded into the fermenter, fermentation is carried out while oxygen-containing gas is fed into the mix, and the finished fertilizer is discharged. The horizontal fermenter has a mechanism to agitate and move the working mix along the fermenter. Before loading the working mix into the fermenter, the previously prepared organic fertilizer is loaded into it, and then the working mix is ​​loaded in portions with simultaneous mixing and movement of the working mass along the fermenter, maintaining the working mass between loading operations until its temperature is reached. Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 134 / 185 16 / 58 increased for 24 hours to carry out fermentation, the finished fertilizer is discharged in portions after filling the fermenter with the working mass along its entire length, loading each subsequent portion of the working mixture and moving the working mass along the fermenter, the first portion of the finished fertilizer is discharged on the fourth day. Problems in the state of the art

[031] The method described in patent BR1020190146877 using macrophytes of the Araceae species Pistia Stratiotes aims at the production of animal and human feed and not at obtaining biofertilizer for agricultural use.

[032] The system described in patent BR1020220171270 describes a composting system using bays with passive and forced aeration and automated control for the treatment of organic solid waste (domestic and various activities), aiming to standardize and stabilize the composting process without interference from the weather, with different dimensions in order to carry out treatments in small, medium and large quantities of waste.

[033] The process described in the patent BR1 020 170 1 0980- 1 performs ultra-fast composting of food scraps using automated methods in appropriate composting machines to obtain rich and fertile fertilizer. It does not use aquatic macrophytes as an input, and its use is limited to small-scale production.

[034] The process described in patent GB2422825A of Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 135 / 185 17 / 58 Accelerated composting of mixed organic waste is based on the formulation, establishment and control of the initial fermentation phase of the waste via oxygen measurements (respirometric measurement) in the solid organic biological medium and processing of these in order to obtain, via a model, the appropriate mixtures of microorganisms, hydrolysis and absorptions to efficiently produce organomineral fertilizer.

[035] The method described in patent RU2765489C1 describes the continuous accelerated composting of any organic waste to produce organomineral fertilizer using a horizontal fermenter where the fermentation of the prepared working mixture (organic, dry, mineral inputs and oxygen-containing gas) takes place.

[036] Although the patents previously mentioned describe methods, processes and systems with important novelties and innovations in composting processes, none of them addresses a method and process of accelerated composting specifically for use with a basic input of a mixture (from the English “blend”) of different species of aquatic macrophytes, and with steps and ingredients aimed at accelerating composting as in the process now presented. OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

[037] In view of the aspects and problems presented in existing processes and in the current state of the art, and with the purpose of overcoming them, a new and unprecedented method and process has been developed in this patent of invention, addressing three basic objectives: i) to obtain a method and Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 136 / 185 18 / 58 accelerated composting process of aquatic macrophytes, with reduced maturation time; ii) promote biomass stabilization with elimination of pathogens and odors; and iii) generate an Organomineral Fertilizer - OMF rich in nutrients, organic matter, humic acids and minerals, suitable for agricultural use. ORIGINAL FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

[038] The main originality of the method and process lies in the formulation and application of a specific mixture of solids and liquids, carefully prepared to significantly accelerate the composting of aquatic macrophytes. The process allows obtaining, in a short period of 15 to 25 days, a high-quality, stabilized organic fertilizer with reduced environmental impact and viability for large-scale application. The operation is conducted under controlled conditions of temperature (thermophilic phase), humidity, and aeration to maintain aerobic microbial activity and prevent anaerobiosis.

[039] The main advantages of using macrophytes for the production of fertilizers or materials useful in soil nutrition and fertilization are: Aquatic macrophytes do not require fertilization and do not compete with plants of agricultural importance, since they do not need soil to grow. Water hyacinth, for example, is one of the most effective methods for producing biofertilizers in composting; its roots contain inorganic compounds such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), which... Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 137 / 185 19 / 58 makes it an excellent raw material for the manufacture of fertilizers and inorganic compounds; Composting significantly reduces the need for chemical fertilizers in agricultural areas, providing a more sustainable approach. The use of aquatic macrophytes is a way to prevent secondary pollution of waterways. - The residues of aquatic macrophytes, when used as agricultural fertilizers, improve water retention in soils of non-coastal areas; and - All aquatic macrophytes have high proportions of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and biodegradable protein, which are fundamental compounds in the production of biofertilizers. [ 040] The main advantages of using the accelerated aquatic macrophyte composting method and process compared to current traditional composting practices are: - a reduction in the total composting time to 10 to 15 days, compared to 90 to 120 days for conventional methods; - Increased effectiveness in eliminating pathogens through controlled temperature increase of the mixture; - High nutrient retention (NPK and micronutrients); - The resulting biofertilizer provides nutrients in soluble forms that are readily absorbed by plants; - reduction of odors and environmental impact of discarded biomass; and - Production of value-added input from environmental liabilities. Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 138 / 185 20 / 58

[041] Given that Brazil has enormous potential for waste from aquatic macrophytes, the present method and process could be widely used in almost all regions of Brazil, bringing considerable benefits to hydroelectric power plants, municipalities, and to populations and farmers; providing a noble, environmentally friendly and sustainable solution to the problem currently generated by the uncontrolled spread of aquatic macrophytes. ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER LEGISLATION

[042] In Brazil, CONAMA - National Council of The Ministry of the Environment has Resolution No. 467 / 2015, which establishes criteria for authorizing the use of products or agents of physical, chemical, or biological processes for the control of organisms or contaminants in surface water bodies. This resolution establishes criteria and procedures for the evaluation, by environmental agencies, of requests for authorization to use these products or agents in surface water bodies, aiming at the population control of species that cause negative impacts on the environment, public health, or the multiple uses of water, as well as the control of pollution in these water bodies.

[043] For an Organomineral Fertilizer - OMF to be legally marketed in Brazil, it must meet a series of requirements established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply - MAPA. The main legislation regulating this type of product is Instruction Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 139 / 185 21 / 58 Normative Instruction No. 61, of July 8, 2020, which deals with the definitions, requirements, specifications, guarantees, tolerances, registration, packaging and labeling of organic, organomineral and biofertilizers intended for agriculture

[044] The minimum composition required for Registration of Organomineral fertilizers, as registered with MAPA (Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply) before commercialization, are: - For solid products: powders, crumbs or granules such as those discussed in the present invention, at least 100% of the product must pass through a sieve with a 4 mm opening (4.75 mm ABNT mesh, equivalent to US mesh no. 4); - Organic Carbon: Minimum of 8% for solid products and 3% for fluid products; - Moisture: Maximum of 20% for solid products; - Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC): Minimum of 80 mmolc / kg for solid products; - Primary Macronutrients (N, P2O5, K2O): Minimum of 1% each; - Secondary Macronutrients (Ca, Mg, S) and Micronutrients (B, Cl, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, Zn): Must meet the minimum levels established by law; - Product Classification: Class A - when using raw materials free of sanitary contaminants, originating from agricultural, agro-industrial and commercial activities; Class B - when using raw materials that may contain contaminants, requiring authorization from the competent environmental agency; - Contaminant Limits: the limits must be observed. Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 140 / 185 22 / 58 maximum permitted levels for heavy metals and biological contaminants, as established by current legislation; - Labeling and Packaging: packaging must contain clear and accurate information about the product, including composition, application method, precautions for use, and manufacturer information; - Technical Responsibility: production and marketing must be the responsibility of a legally qualified professional, registered with the corresponding professional council (CREA or CRQ); and - Environmental Licensing: the production establishment must possess a valid environmental license, as required by applicable environmental legislation. DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD AND PROCESS IN GENERAL LINES

[045] The implementation and monitoring of the use of the “Accelerated Composting Method and Process of Aquatic Macrophytes for Obtaining Organomineral Fertilizer” integrating physical handling, biological and chemical control techniques is operationalized through the following steps: - Step 1 - Crushing of Aquatic Macrophytes; - Step 2 - Preparation of Dry Solids to Adapt the Macrophyte Mixture to be Composted; - Step 3 - Preparation of Liquids for Moisture Control of the Mixture to be Composted; Step 4 - Preparation of Microbiological Inoculants Nutritious substrate and minerals to accelerate and enrich the Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 141 / 185 23 / 58 Mixture to be composted; Step 5 - Mixing the Solids, Liquids, and Inoculants Microbiologicals, Enzymes and Minerals for Obtaining the Mixture to be Composted; Step 6 - Heating the Mixture; Step 7 - Cooling the Mixture; - Step 8 - Bagging the Organomineral Fertilizer - FOM; and - Stage 9 - Maturation of Organomineral Fertilizer - FOM in raffia bags. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[046] The new and unprecedented method and process is illustrated by way of example, and not limited to, through the attached figures, in which.

[047] Figure 1 presents the flowchart of the steps that make up the accelerated composting method and process until obtaining Organomineral Fertilizer - FOM.

[048] Figure 2 shows the block diagram of the method and process for producing organomineral fertilizer made with aquatic macrophytes.

[049] Figure 3 shows the Dry Mass quantities of the fertilizers tested in the greenhouse with corn.

[050] Figure 4 shows the heights of the corn plants achieved with the fertilizers tested in the greenhouse.

[051] Figure 5 shows the diameters of the corn plants achieved with the fertilizers tested in the greenhouse. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES AND OF THE METHOD AND PROCESS IN DETAIL Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 142 / 185 24 / 58

[052] This section presents in detail the solution proposed in the present invention, referring to the figures described in the previous section.

[053] Figure 1 presents the flowchart of the steps that make up the accelerated composting method and process until obtaining Organomineral Fertilizer - FOM. Step 1 Crushing of Aquatic Macrophytes (1) is one of the most important requirements of the process to ensure a good composting process, whose ideal size should be below 10.0 mm. In order to speed up the process and reduce the operational cost of transport, crushing can be carried out at the site where the macrophytes are removed, at the edge of the reservoir.

[054] In Step 2 - Preparation of Dry Solids for Adapting the Mixture to be Composted (2) Pine sawdust used as a structuring material with a particle size smaller than 4 mm is a dry, fibrous vegetable residue from the cutting or processing of wood of the genus Pinus, such as Pinus elliottii or Pinus taeda, very common in the timber and furniture industry. It is used as a carbon source and as a structuring agent, helping to improve aeration, absorb moisture, and balance the carbon-nitrogen (C / N) ratio of the mixture. Its main characteristics are: high C / N ratio 200:1 to 500:1; fine, light, fibrous texture that facilitates its mixing with moist residues; high moisture absorption capacity helping to control it; slightly acidic with a pH between 5 and 6.5; contains non-toxic natural resins, but which can delay decomposition; slow decomposition if used alone, therefore it must be Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 143 / 185 25 / 58 combined with nitrogen-rich sources, in the present invention urea is used as the nitrogen source.

[055] In Step 3 - Preparation of Liquids for Moisture Control of the Mixture to be Composted (3) the liquids resulting from the grinding of macrophytes, rich in nutrients, are filtered and subsequently added to the mixture, in order to control the moisture content around 55%.

[056] In Step 4 - Preparation of Inoculants Microbiological, Nutrient Substrate and Minerals to Accelerate and Enrich the Mixture to be Composted (4) are prepared Microbiological Inoculants (5) which are consortia or purified strains of beneficial microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and actinobacteria) with a high capacity to decompose complex organic matter; the main groups used in the composting of organic inputs are shown below. Table 1 - Groups of Microorganisms and their Function in Composting. Microorganism Function in Composting Bacillus spp. Degrade cellulose, lignin, and proteins; heat-resistant Pseudomonas spp. Oxidation of organic compounds and odor reduction Trichoderma Degrades lignin and acts against pathogenic fungi Aspergillus spp. Production of cellulolytic and proteolytic enzymes Actinobacteria (e.g., Produces cellulase, combats Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 144 / 185 26 / 58 Streptomyces) unwanted microorganisms Lactobacillus spp. Lactic fermentation, pH reduction and pathogens

[057] In the present method and process, it is used as Microbiological Inoculant (5) is a compound that is normally marketed, such as EM-1 (Effective Microorganisms), which is a natural probiotic product composed of a mixture of beneficial microorganisms, such as lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and phototrophic bacteria. These microorganisms are non-harmful, non-pathogenic, non-genetically modified and non-chemically synthesized.

[058] Enzymes are proteins, or sometimes RNA, which acts as a biological catalyst, accelerating chemical reactions, is used in composting to speed up chemical reactions, mainly the decomposition of organic matter. It works by breaking down complex biomass molecules into smaller units, facilitating the recycling of nutrients and the development of microorganisms in the compost; the main enzymes used in the composting of organic inputs are shown in the following table. Table 2 - Enzymes and Substrates Degraded. Enzyme | Degraded Substrates | Typical Source | Cellulase | Cellulose (macrophytes, wood) | Fungi (Trichoderma, Aspergillus) | Ligninase | Lignin (pine sawdust) | White fungi and actinobacteria | Protease | Proteins (manure, debris) | Bacillus, Aspergillus Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 145 / 185 27 / 58 (animals) Amylase Starch (plant remains, feces) Bacillus subtilis, filamentous fungi Lipase Lipids and oils Pseudomonas, Bacillus spp. Urease Urea and nitrogenous compounds Soil bacteria and actinobacteria

[059] In the present method and process, a specific enzyme is not used but a Nutrient Substrate (6) used to activate and multiply beneficial microorganisms, which in turn produce enzymes during composting; composed of molasses and ionized water. Molasses is a byproduct of sugarcane, rich in simple sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose), minerals and traces of vitamins that serve as food for beneficial bacteria and fungi; ionized water that has undergone an ionization process slightly aids in solubility and biological activation, the most important thing is that the water is clean and free of free chlorine, as chlorine kills microorganisms.

[060] To transform an organic compound from accelerated composting of aquatic macrophytes into a FOM, it is necessary to add Minerals (7) to the compound, in a technical and balanced way. In the present method and process, the following conditions were respected for this addition: i) MAPA legislation - Normative Instruction No. 61 / 2020); and ii) analyses of the organic compound obtained in a Greenhouse Experiment in the corn crop.

[061] In Step 4 - Mixing of Solids, Inoculants Microbiologicals, Enzymes and Minerals for Obtaining the Mixture Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 146 / 185 28 / 58 to be Composted (8) the final mixture is made in a mixing equipment with a propeller to promote aeration and homogeneous mixing of the compost, spreading the dry (sawdust) and wet (macrophytes) solids, applying the bioactivating solution with a sprayer pump, until it reaches a moisture content of 55%, incorporating the minerals in granular form.

[062] In Step 5 - Heating the Mixture (9) the mixture obtained in the mixer is sent to the accumulation tank, which after being filled, its volume is transferred to the heating tank; in this tank, the mixture is heated to 60 °C with approximately 50% to 60% moisture and continues to be agitated by helical paddles in order to carry out the Thermophilic phase (temperature of 60 °C and time of 30 minutes). This phase of accelerated composting is an essential biological phenomenon for the sanitization and rapid degradation of organic matter, and is intensified when a correctly balanced mixture, active microbial inoculants, enzymes, minerals and adequate physical structure are used.

[063] The benefits of thermophilic heating are: i) the destruction of pathogens, eliminating coliforms, helminth eggs, phytopathogenic fungi; ii) the destruction of seeds, eliminating the risk of unwanted germination in agricultural use; iii) the acceleration of decomposition with thermophilic microorganisms degrading lignin, cellulose and complex proteins; and iv) compliance with legislation - Class A, sanitary requirement for registration of Organomineral Fertilizers - FOMs.

[064] Step 6 - Cooling of the Mixture (10) is the Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 147 / 185 29 / 58 initial stage of the mesophilic phase where mesophilic microorganisms, which act at moderate temperatures, will be activated and will predominate. The mixture in the cooling tank continues to be agitated by helical paddles and is cooled to about 50 °C with humidity between 50% and 60% for 20 minutes.

[065] In Step 7 - Bagging the Fertilizer Organomineral - FOM (11) the organomineral fertilizer obtained is sent to the equipment that performs pelletization or directly in granulated form for bagging in raffia bags. The need for the packaging material to be raffia is due to the need for continued aeration and the occurrence of the final mesophilic stage.

[066] In Stage 8 - Fertilizer Maturation Organomineral - FOM in Raffia Bags (12) the organomineral fertilizer stored in raffia bags will promote aeration until the complete maturation of the FOM, which occurs after 15 days.

[067] Figure 2 shows the block diagram of the method and process for producing organomineral fertilizer made with Aquatic Macrophytes (13). After being removed from the reservoir, they are placed on the Motorized Conveyor Belt (14) which sends them to the Chute Type Conveyor (15) that feeds the Macrophyte Shredder (16) installed on a trailer with motive power and transport carried out by an agricultural tractor. The shredded macrophyte is sent by the Shredded Macrophyte Conveyor Belt (17) coupled to the outlet of the Macrophyte Shredder equipment (16) to the tipper truck (19) which transports the shredded macrophytes to the plant where production takes place. Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 148 / 185 30 / 58 of the organomineral fertilizer. The liquid extracted from the grinding of the macrophytes has a high nutrient content and is stored in the Macrophyte Liquid Container (18) for later use.

[068] The volume of shredded macrophytes is reduced by about 5 times compared to fresh macrophytes, therefore, considering a macrophyte volume of 5,000 m3 / He, and that when compacted this volume is reduced by 1 / 3, 335 trips would be needed with a medium-sized truck with a 10 m3 tipper for each hectare of macrophytes removed. The volume of the macrophyte when shredded is reduced by about 80%, therefore in this case, only 67 trips would be needed, thus mitigating the operational costs for final disposal.

[069] Through the Truck Discharge Conveyor (20) the crushed macrophytes are sent to the Mixer (21) where it receives the addition of Microbiological Inoculant (5) contained in the Container of Liquids with Microorganisms (22), which after passing through Pump 1 of the Liquid with Microorganisms (23) and dosed in the Scale of the Liquid with Microorganisms (24) is pumped by Pump 2 of the Liquid with Microorganisms (25) to the Mixer (21); The addition of sawdust from the Sawdust Dosing Hopper (26), the addition of urea from the Urea Dosing Hopper (27) and the addition of Minerals (7) from the Mineral Dosing Hopper (28), after their quantities are dosed in the Solids Scale (29), are sent to the Mixer (21) to enhance the mixture.

[070] Through the Mixture Conveyor Belt Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 149 / 185 31 / 58 (30) The mixture obtained in the Mixer (21) is sent to the Accumulation Tank (31) which, after being filled, via the Accumulation Tank Outlet Chute (32), its volume is transferred to the Heating Tank (33), where the mixture is heated to 60 °C via the Heating Control (34) and the moisture content of the mixture to approximately 55% via the Heating Moisture Control (35), which activates or deactivates the Macrophyte Liquid Injector (36) contained in the Macrophyte Liquid Container (18). In the Heating Tank (33), the mixture is constantly agitated by the helical blades in order to carry out the Thermophilic phase (temperature of 60 °C and moisture content of 55% for 30 minutes).

[071] Subsequently, the mixture is transferred by The mixture is then conveyed from the Heating Tank (37) to the Cooling Tank (38) where it is also agitated by helical blades and cooled to approximately 50 °C via the Cooling Control (39) and the mixture moisture content is reduced to approximately 50% to 60% via the Cooling Moisture Control (40) for 20 minutes. Subsequently, the mixture is conveyed via the Cooling Tank Outlet Conveyor (41) to the Granulated Organomineral Compound Silo (42) where it is stored.

[072] The granulated compost can optionally be sent via the Bagging Machine Inlet Chute (43) to the Bagging Machine (49), or via the Granulated Organomineral Compost Silo Outlet Chute (44) sent to the Pelletizing Equipment (45) where the granulated organomineral compost is transformed into pellets and via the Pelletizer Outlet Chute (46) sent to the Pelletized Organomineral Compost Silo Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 150 / 185 32 / 58 (47) from where it is sent via the Pellet Bagging Conveyor (48) to the Bagging Machine (49) which stores the bran or pelletized organomineral compound in 1 m3 Raffia Bags (50). The need for the packaging material to be raffia is due to the compound continuing aeration and the occurrence of the final Mesophilic stage.

[073] In the Raffia Bag Storage (51) the organomineral fertilizer receives aeration and complete maturation of the FOM occurs, after 15 days, when it is delivered for application.

[074] All equipment and controls of the organomineral fertilizer production plant are controlled by the user via the Organomineral Fertilizer Production Control Panel (52). CHARACTERIZATION OF MACROPHYTE COMPOSITION

[075] The macrophyte species Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) and Echinochloa polystachya (grass) taken from the Foz do Chapecó HPP Reservoir were characterized to evaluate their potential as fertilizer and also the environmental risks from Potentially Toxic Elements - PTEs.

[076] The samples were sent for acid digestion and determination of the chemical elements that make up the plant tissues by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometry - ICP-OES. The levels of macro and micronutrients found are listed in the following table. Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 151 / 185 33 / 58 Table 3 - Macronutrient and Micronutrient Content. Unit Species Nutrient^ Gummy Grass Water Lettuce Water Hyacinth g / Kg Ca 12.6 32.4 18.6 K 27.5 22.3 24.8 Mg 4.8 8.0 5.5 P 3.7 4.5 3.4 S 3.5 4.4 3.1 mg / Kg B 1.9 46.7 14.4 Co 0.9 9.7 3.9 Cu 7.6 25.9 11.6 Fe 594 8,930 2,587 Mn 629 1,781 927 Mo 0.4 0.9 0.6 Ni 0.8 5.3 2.0 Zn 40.3 76.6 30.0

[077] Based on the chemical characterization of the macrophytes, it is observed that Water Lettuce presented the highest levels of Ca (32.4 g / kg), Mg (8.0 g / kg), P (4.5 g / kg) and S (4.4 g / kg). In general, all macrophytes presented high concentrations of K, with Gomoso Grass standing out with the highest level (27.5 g / kg), which may be relevant for supplementing this nutrient in the soil. Water hyacinth, in turn, presented intermediate levels for most macronutrients.

[078] Water lettuce also stood out for its high levels of B (46.7 mg / kg), Cu (25.9 mg / kg), Fe (8930 mg / kg), Mn (1781 mg / kg) and Zn (76.6 mg / kg), values ​​higher than those found in the other species. These results indicate its potential for enriching the soil with micronutrients, Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 152 / 185 34 / 58 especially Fe and Mn. Water hyacinth also presented relatively high concentrations of Fe (2587 mg / kg) and Mn (927 mg / kg), but lower than those of Water Lettuce. The Gomoso grass had the lowest micronutrient levels, with the exception of Co (7.6 mg / kg) and Ni (0.8 mg / kg), which were close to the values ​​found in the other species. [07 9 ] The levels of toxic substances in macrophytes were analyzed and the values ​​obtained were compared with Normative Instruction No. 27 of 2006 from MAPA - Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, which establishes the maximum permitted limits in organic and organomineral fertilizers. The following table shows these levels and the maximum permitted limits in organic fertilizers. Table 4 - Content of Toxic Heavy Metals. Element Gummy Grass Water Lettuce Water Hyacinth IN 27MAPA / 2006 mg / Kg As < LD 1.21 0.33 20.0 Cd < LD 0.80 0.33 3.0 Pb 0.26 1.91 0.14 150.0 Cr 0.99 3.76 1.26 200.0 Hg < LD < LD < LD 1.0 Ni 2.00 5.27 2.02 70.0 Se 0.27 0.61 0.77 80.0

[080] As can be seen, all the Elements Potentially Toxic - EPTs found below the limit. Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 153 / 185 35 / 58 established by current legislation, posing no risk of contamination from the deposition of materials in soil in the form of organic fertilizers, such as Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Total Chromium (Cr), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), and Selenium (Se). TESTS OF ACCELERATED COMPOSTING RECIPES

[081] After characterizing the Aquatic Macrophytes (12), 12 combinations of materials were formulated for the macrophyte composting process. The tested accelerated composting recipes are composed of the following inputs: - Aquatic Macrophytes (12) (mixture): 70% Water Lettuce + 15% Water Hyacinth + 15% Gummy Grass; Ionized water; - Sugarcane molasses; - Microorganism: 10% EM1 product + 10% cane molasses + 80% ionized water; - Structural material: pine sawdust, tree pruning waste; - Agricultural urea.

[082] The process parameters used were the same for all tests, namely: - Phase 1 - Thermophilic: temperature of 75 °C and time of 10 minutes; - Phase 2 - Mesophilic: temperature of 55 °C and time of 25 minutes.

[083] The following table describes the compositions of the various accelerated composting treatments tested. Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 154 / 185 36 / 58 Table 5 - Compositions of Composting Treatments. Treatment Composition T1 Macrophytes + urea + microorganism T2 Macrophytes + microorganism T3 Macrophytes + urea T4 Macrophytes T5 Macrophytes + sawdust + urea + microorganism T6 Macrophytes + sawdust + microorganism T7 Macrophytes + sawdust + urea T8 Macrophytes + sawdust T9 Tree pruning + urea + microorganism T10 Macrophytes + sawdust + microorganism + urea (without heating) T11 Macrophytes + sawdust + microorganism (without heating) T12 Macrophytes + pruning + urea + microorganism (without heating)

[084] The 12 batches containing the same proportion and weight of macrophyte mixtures, with different recipes, are described in the following tables: Table 6 - Treatments with Heating and without Structuring Material, Table 7 - Treatments with Heating and with Structuring Material and Table 8 Treatments without Heating and Varying the Structuring Material, Alternating Inputs and Structuring Materials. Table 6 - Treatments with Heating and without Structuring Material. T1 - Microorganism + Urea Input Percentage Quantity (g) Macrophytes - 600 Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 155 / 185 37 / 58 Phase 1 Water 40% 240 Urea 5% 30 Phase 2 Water 20% 120 Microorganism 14% 84 T2 - Microorganism Input Percentage Quantity (g) Phase 1 Macrophytes - 600 Water 40% 240 Urea 0% 0 Phase 2 Water 20% 120 Microorganism 14% 84 T3 - Urea Input Percentage Quantity (g) Phase 1 Macrophytes - 600 Water 40% 240 Urea 5% 30 Phase 2 Water 20% 120 Microorganism 0% 0 T4 - without inputs Input Percentage Quantity (g) Phase 1 Macrophytes - 600 Water 40% 240 Urea 0% 0 Phase 2 Water 20% 120 Microorganism 0% 0 Table 7 - Treatments with Heating and with Structuring Material. Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 156 / 185 38 / 58 T5 - Microorganism + Urea Input Percentage Quantity (g) Phase 1 Macrophytes - 600 Sawdust 33% 198 Water 40% 240 Urea 5% 30 Phase 2 Water 20% 120 Microorganism 14% 84 T6 - Microorganism Input Percentage Quantity (g) Phase 1 Macrophytes - 600 Sawdust 33% 198 Water 40% 240 Urea 0% 0 Phase 2 Water 20% 120 Microorganism 14% 84 T7 - ​​Urea Input Percentage Quantity (g) Phase 1 Macrophytes - 600 Sawdust 33% 198 Water 40% 240 Urea 5% 30 Phase 2 Water 20% 120 Microorganism 0% 0 T8 - without inputs Input Percentage Quantity (g) Macrophytes - 600 Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 157 / 185 39 / 58 Phase 1 Sawdust 33% 198 Water 40% 240 Urea 0% 0 Phase 2 Water 20% 120 Microorganism 0% 0 Table 8 - Treatments without Heating and Varying the Material Structuring, Alternating Inputs and Structuring Materials. T9 - Microorganism + Urea Input Percentage Quantity (g) Phase 1 Macrophytes - 600 Sawdust 0% - Water 40% 240 Urea 5% 30 Phase 2 Water 20% 120 Microorganism 14% 84 T10 - Microorganism + Urea Input Percentage Quantity (g) Phase 1 Macrophytes - 600 Sawdust 33% 198 Water 40% 240 Urea 5% 30 Phase 2 Water 20% 120 Microorganism 14% 84 T11 - Microorganism + Urea + Sawdust Input Percentage Quantity (g) Phase 1 Macrophytes - 600 Sawdust 33% 198 Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 158 / 185 40 / 58 Phase 1: Water 40% 240 Urea 0% 0 Phase 2: Water 20% 120 Microorganism 14% 84 T12 - Microorganism + Urea + Pruning Waste Input Percentage Quantity (g) Phase 1: Macrophytes - 600 Sawdust 45% 270 Water 40% 240 Urea 5% 30 Phase 2: Water 20% 120 Microorganism 14% 84 Sample Preparation

[085] Aquatic Macrophytes (13) were stored on benches inside a forced-air oven to remove moisture. After the drying period, they were crushed and mixed to form mixtures of the selected species to be used in the different recipes, the objective of which was to obtain a realistic proportion of the possible quantity of species found in the real situation from which they were taken - Foz do Chapecó HPP Reservoir. The proportion of macrophytes that make up the mixtures used to carry out the accelerated composting tests, as previously mentioned, were: Water Lettuce: 70%, Water hyacinth: 15% and Gummy grass: 15%.

[086] The samples were prepared in mixing equipment with temperature and speed control. Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 159 / 185 41 / 58 rotation of the rotating blades that perform the mixing. Six accelerated composting tests were carried out, including 600 g of macrophytes per batch and different amounts of inputs for each test. These tests were carried out in order to determine the ideal recipe for the accelerated composting process, as well as the availability of nutrients to carry out the tests in a greenhouse.

[087] For the Mesophilic phase, the samples were placed in identified 5 L buckets and placed in a forced-air oven, and the organic compost was monitored by daily temperature measurements and measurements every 3 days of the parameters of humidity, pH and electrical conductivity. The CEC - Cation Exchange Capacity and the chemical composition of the materials were determined at the end of the process, the humidity maintained between 50% and 60% and the temperature at a maximum of 60 °C, with the mixture being stirred and moistened whenever necessary to meet the temperature and humidity parameters.

[088] The treatments included the addition of urea, humic substances, enzymes and an increase in temperature (75 °C for 30 min) in order to accelerate the composting process. Thus, composting was carried out for 26 days on a pilot scale, in 5 L buckets. Results of Sample Tests in Accelerated Composting

[089] During the 26 days of accelerated composting, the following were monitored in the various treatments: - Temperatures: daily in the morning, and it was not Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 160 / 185 42 / 58 showed a significant increase in these over the period. It is noteworthy that the increase in the compost's temperature is an aspect of the decomposition activity of organic matter carried out by microorganisms, although no increase in temperature was observed in the laboratory samples, it was possible to perceive some level of degradation of the material through its visual aspect and texture; - Moisture content: moisture determination is performed by measuring the weight difference between the wet sample and the dry sample in a forced-air circulation oven at 65 °C; the results showed that the moisture content was adequate during the evaluated period, ranging from optimal values ​​between 40% and over 70%, which are ideal for intense microbial activity and subsequent degradation of the material; - pH: which determines the activity of H+ ions and can be correlated to the chemical processes that occur during composting, acidifying or alkalizing the medium; its determination was carried out in a 0.01 mol / L CaCl₂ solution as recommended by the official MAPA method and showed a slight increase over the period; - Electrical Conductivity - EC: which estimates the total amount of salts present in the solution, and is important for characterizing the compound and predicting whether there will be any salinization effect with application to soil; during composting, it is an indicator of material decomposition and ion release, showing a slight increase over the period; - The C / N ratio: the analysis of nitrogen is determined by Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 161 / 185 43 / 58 Kjeldahl method, recommended by MAPA, which shows the displacement of nitrogen present in the sample, transforming into ammonium salt (ammonium sulfate, through H2SO4). The carbon analysis uses the principle that is summarized in the oxidation of carbon in the sample by the addition of potassium dichromate, with sulfuric acid being added as an energy source to catalyze the oxidation reaction, a method also recommended by MAPA. The C / N ratio must be below 20 to make its agricultural use viable; the results in some treatments were above this value.

[090] Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the pilot-scale composting tests over 26 days, it was possible to select the best accelerated composting processes. The final results of these tests are shown in the following table. Table 9 - Final Characteristics of the Treatments After 26 Days of Accelerated Composting. Treatment C (%) N (%) C / N pH EC (mS) Visual Aspect T1 23.7 2.6 9.0 8.8 7.15 Poor T2 22.5 2.0 11.1 9.2 6.59 Poor T3 25.0 2.8 9.0 8.9 5.06 Poor T4 25.4 2.3 11.3 9.3 6.5 Poor T5 33.2 3.1 10.7 8.7 3.49 Fair T6 32.8 1.6 20.9 9.2 3.7 Fair T7 31.9 2.6 12.2 8.6 3.24 Excellent T8 33.2 1.4 23.0 8.9 3.49 Fair Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 162 / 185 44 / 58 T9 26.9 1.0 27.5 8.3 2.45 Poor T10 32.1 1.0 32.1 8.2 3.04 Excellent T11 30.3 1.7 18.1 8.8 2.93 Excellent T12 26.5 1.7 15.4 8.3 2.59 Poor

[091] The treatments with the potential to make composting on a larger scale adequate were T5, T6, T7, T8, T10 and T11, based on the visual aspect.

[092] After choosing these treatments, composting was carried out for another 9 days and characterized again, the results of this second stage are shown in the table below. Table 10 - Maturity Parameters of Organic Compost After Composting Process + 9 days. Treatment PH (CaCl2) C (g / kg) N (g / kg) C / NU (%) CTC (mmolc / kg) IN 61 (2020) Declared >150 >5 <20 50.0 declared T5 8.3 353.0 20.6 17.1 42.2 481.0 T6 9.0 377.0 15.0 25.1 33.2 595.0 T7 8.6 385.0 17.7 21.8 32.5 511.0 T8 9.0 360.0 14.3 25.7 21.2 506.0 T10 8.7 336.0 16.1 20.9 37.5 600.0 T11 8.2 318.0 17.4 18.3 46.7 516.0

[093] Normative Instruction No. 61 / 2020 establishes some parameters for the registration of organic fertilizers, such as: carbon / nitrogen ratio (C / N), organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen and moisture. Recipes T5, T10 and T11 Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 163 / 185 45 / 58 met these parameters, as they presented minimum levels of 15% for CO, 0.5% for total N, a maximum C / N ratio of 20, and a maximum moisture content of 50%. Treatments T6, T7, and T8 did not meet the requirements established by the Normative Instruction.

[094] Overall, these treatments showed a pH above 8.0, which is an expected value at the end of composting, as the pH tends to increase as the compost matures. Regarding cation exchange capacity (CEC), a minimum content of 481 mmolc / kg was verified, revealing a high capacity of the composts to retain nutrients. As for nutrient content, the treatments had adequate levels of N, as well as high levels of K and Ca, and low levels of P, Mg, and S, as can be seen in the following table. Table 11 - Macronutrient Content of Organic Compost After Composting Process. Treatment N (g / kg) P (g / kg) K (g / kg) Mg (g / kg) Ca (g / kg) S (g / kg) T5 20.60 2.30 15.67 5.00 24.30 6.10 T6 15.00 2.20 36.00 4.90 22.00 4.20 T7 17.70 2.30 39.22 5.00 30.40 8.60 T8 14.30 2.20 37.50 4.90 37.80 8.80 T10 16.10 2.30 37.92 5.00 21.50 4.90 T11 17.40 2.50 41.73 5.60 24.30 4.40

[095] With regard to micronutrient content, it is observed that the organic compost recipes Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 164 / 185 Samples 46 / 58 showed high levels of Fe and Mn, and moderate levels of B, Zn, and Cu, as shown in the following table. Table 12 - Micronutrient Content of the Organic Compost after the Composting Process. Treatment B (mg / kg) Zn (mg / kg) Fe (mg / kg) Mn (mg / kg) Cu (mg / kg) T5 30.8 65.3 2369.0 533.0 22.8 T6 23.0 54.7 3870.0 592.0 25.8 T7 24.3 52.2 4259.0 594.0 25.3 T8 29.8 53.6 2693.0 589.0 22.8 T10 29.6 48.9 3060.0 577.0 26.9 T11 27.6 53.8 5247.0 631.0 26.5

[096] The levels of EPTs of organic compounds were below the maximum limits established by the legislation SDA Normative Instruction No. 7, of 12 / 04 / 2016, as can be seen in the table below. Table 13 - Contaminant Content After Composting Process. Treatment As (mg / kg) Cd (mg / kg) Pb (mg / kg) Cr (mg / kg) Hg (mg / kg) Se (mg / kg) Ni (mg / kg) IN SAD 7 (2016) < 20 < 3.0 < 150 < 200 < 1.0 < 80 < 70 T5 < 1.0 < 0.2 < 2.9 15.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 3.30 T6 < 1.0 < 0.2 < 2.9 2.3 < 1.0 < 1.0 4.00 T7 < 1.0 < 0.2 < 2.9 2.7 < 1.0 < 1.0 4.20 Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 165 / 185 47 / 58 T8 < 1.0 < 0.2 < 2.9 4.3 < 1.0 < 1.0 3.40 T10 < 1.0 < 0.2 < 2.9 2.1 < 1.0 < 1.0 4.00 T11 < 1.0 < 0.2 < 2.9 2.9 < 1.0 < 1.0 4.70

[097] Therefore, the compounds produced did not present a risk of environmental contamination for application to the soil. Larger-Scale Production of T10 Treatment

[098] Treatment T10 was chosen for the larger-scale production of the organic compost, whose agronomic efficiency was evaluated. The compost produced on the larger scale presented the following characteristics: Moisture at 65 °C = 5.2%; pH in CaCU = 7.6; Electrical conductivity - EC = 7.0 μS / cm; Organic carbon = 35%; Nitrogen = 1.8%; C / N ratio = 19.44; CEC = 550 mmolc / dm3. Thus, the compost produced meets the parameters recommended by MAPA IN No. 61 / 2020. The characterization of macro and micronutrients of the T10 produced on the larger scale presented the following values ​​shown in the table below. Table 14 - Characterization of Macro and Micronutrients of the Selected T10 Organic Compound. NPK Ca Mg SB Cu Zn Fe Mn N g / kg mg / kg 18 0.5 18.5 12.3 2.6 16.3 18.5 9.2 36 10,530 353 18

[099] The characterization of the heavy metal content of T10 produced on a larger scale presented the values ​​shown in the following table. Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 166 / 185 48 / 58 Table 15 - Characterization of Heavy Metal Content in Selected Organic Compound T10 Compared to the Maximum Required by Law. Elements Organic Compound T10 (mg / kg) IN 27- MAPA (2006) (mg / kg) Arsenic < 11.6 20.0 Cadmium < 0.4 3.0 Lead < 5.0 150.0 Total Chromium 2.9 200.0 Mercury < 1.0 1.0 Nickel 3.7 70.0 Selenium < 13.6 80.0

[100] Therefore, all EPTs heavy metal contents were found to be within the limits of IN SDA No. 27 / 2006; and, in this way, the characterized organic compound meets all the requirements demanded by the legislation, and in addition, the compound presents considerable levels of K, a nutrient that plants require in large quantities. Organomineral Fertilizer - Nutrient Evaluation

[101] To assess whether there is any limitation in the supply of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the organic compost obtained, experiments were carried out in a Greenhouse with corn, using the compost with and without conventional mineral fertilizers as sources of N, P and K. [ 102 ] For the cultivation of plants in pots, two soils with different textures were used, sandy and clayey, whose characteristics are: Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 167 / 185 49 / 58 - Sandy (medium texture): 84.8% sand, 1.4% silt and 13.8% clay; - Clayey (clayey texture): 40.6% sand, 8.9% silt and 50.5% clay.

[103] The pots were filled with 5 dm3 of soil, and soil correction was done by applying CaO = 1.10 g / dm3 and MgO = 0.37 g / dm3 in sandy soil, while in clay soil CaO = 0.711 g / dm3 and MgO = 0.237 g / dm3 were applied. [ 104] The mineral fertilizers used were urea (N), triple superphosphate (P) and potassium chloride (K) at a dose of 50 mg / dm3 applied at planting, 15 and 30 days after sowing. Fertilization doses of 10 t / ha, corresponding to 35 g / pot, were applied. The experiments were conducted in blocks, with 4 repetitions, with the treatments shown in the following table. Table 1.6 - Nutrient Treatments. Soil Treatment Fertilization T1 clayey N+P+K T2 clayey compound T3 clayey P T4 clayey compound + P T5 clayey compound + P + K T6 clayey compound + P + N T7 clayey compound + N + P + K T8 sandy N + P + K T9 sandy compound Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 168 / 185 50 / 58 T10 sandy P T11 sandy compound + P T12 sandy compound + P + K T13 sandy compound + P + N T14 sandy compound + N + P + K

[105] To evaluate plant growth, measurements of height, number of leaves, and stem diameter were taken at 15, 30, and 45 days. At the end of the experiment, after 45 days, the plants were harvested, and the fresh and dry biomass was weighed after drying in an oven for 48 ha at 65 °C. The plants developed better in clay soil than in sandy soil due to the greater amount of nutrients and organic matter in this soil. The treatments that received fertilization with compost + P + N (T6 and T13) did not show as much limitation to growth as those that did not receive N, even in the absence of mineral fertilization with K. This is observed by comparing the height of the plants with the treatments that received mineral fertilization T7, T8, and T14, and indicates that the applied dose of compost was sufficient to make K available to the plants. Therefore, the use of composted macrophytes as organic fertilizer can supply K to the corn crop satisfactorily.

[106] In the greenhouse experiment, it can be observed that there were corn plants with symptoms of N deficiency in a medium of healthy plants and corn plants with symptoms of P deficiency; the same did not occur with the Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 169 / 185 51 / 58 treatments that did not receive supplemental fertilization with mineral N (T2, T3, T4, T5, T9, T10, T12) showed reduced plant growth and / or visual symptoms of N deficiency, such as chlorosis in older leaves that progresses to the entire plant under conditions of severe growth deficiency. In addition to this deficiency, symptoms of P deficiency were observed in the additional treatments, characterized by a purplish discoloration of older leaves and limited growth. Therefore, we can infer that the organic compost produced was not able to adequately supply N and P to the corn, limiting plant growth.

[107] The greenhouse experiment made it clear that the organic compost from macrophytes supplemented with mineral fertilizers, which are not readily available from this compost, is an alternative to using organomineral compost from Aquatic Macrophytes (12) in agriculture. These results, therefore, justify the use of macrophytes as a basis for the production of organomineral fertilizers, a mixture of organic and mineral fertilizers, for use in agricultural crops. Characterization of Organomineral Fertilizers - OMFs

[108] The characterization of the FOMs and also the mineral source MAP - monoammonium phosphate was carried out chemically in accordance with the Manual of Chemical Analyses of Soils, Plants and Fertilizers (Silva, 2009). The characteristics of the fertilizers met the standards regulated by MAPA Instruction IN No. 61 / 2020, which establishes the specifications for FOMs: Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 170 / 185 52 / 58 Minimum organic carbon (OC) = 8%, maximum moisture (M) at 65°C = 20%, minimum cation exchange capacity (CEC) = 80 mmolc / kg, and sum of primary macronutrients (N, P, and K) > 5%.

[109] The CMAP fertilizer (organic compost + pelleted MAP) - and CFAR (organic compost + granulated MAP) presented CO = 11%, U = 5% and CEC = 410 mmolc / kg, while BMAP (biochar of organic compost + pelleted MAP), CO = 12.7%, U = 4.6% and CEC = 120 mmolc / kg. The sum of macronutrients was greater than 5% in all organomineral fertilizers produced, as can be observed in the following table. Table 17 - Macro and Micronutrient Content of Organomineral and Monoammonium Phosphate Fertilizers. Fert. N P2O5 K2O Ca Mg S Fe Mn Cu Zn B g / kg mg / kg CMAP 40.5 161.1 8.1 26.7 8.1 3.4 30.4 13.6 50.0 100.0 10.0 BMAP 28.9 147.3 11.8 20.5 9.6 4.5 34.3 4.2 60.0 80.0 10.0 CFAR 42.0 161, 12.7 25.8 5.4 1.1 21.1 1.9 49.0 98.0 7.0 MAP 110.0 520.0 - - - - - - - - - [ 1 10] To evaluate the agronomic efficiency of FOMs, a greenhouse experiment was conducted with corn in 5.5-liter pots containing 5.25 kg of red latosol soil. The pots were lined internally with plastic bags to prevent soil loss and nutrient leaching. The soil used was collected from the top 20 cm in the Piracicaba airport area, geographic coordinates 22° 42' 26” S 47° 37' 13” Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 171 / 185 53 / 58 which has a sandy texture. The experiment was set up in a 5x4 factorial design, with five sources of Phosphorus (P): (Control, CMAP, BMAP, CFAR and MAP) and four doses of P2O5 (45 mg / kg, 90 mg / kg, 135 mg / kg and 180 mg / kg). The treatments were arranged in a randomized design in 4 blocks, totaling 68 pots. Fertilizers were applied based on the total P2O5 content.

[111] Liming was carried out along with the preparation of the pots, three days before sowing the corn, providing 0.42 g / kg of CaCO3 and 0.21 g / kg of MgCO3. Four seeds were sown per pot, and thinning was done 10 days later to maintain a population of 1 plant per pot. Planting fertilization with micronutrients occurred 10 days after sowing, providing 1 mg / kg of B (H3BO3), 1.98 mg / kg of Cu (CuSO4.5H2O) and 26.14 mg / kg of Cu (ZnSO4.7H2O). Topdressing fertilization with 50.38 mg / kg of N (urea), 50.15 mg / kg of K (KCl) was carried out 15 and 30 days after sowing. [ 112] Irrigation was carried out with deionized water to maintain the soil at 70% of the Maximum Water Retention Capacity - MRHC. The MRHC was determined as follows: a quantity of soil was placed in three plastic cups with holes in the base, protected with a filter paper disc on the inside; the cups were positioned in coarse sand which, in turn, was moistened with water so that the water percolated by capillarity and occupied the soil pores; the MRHC was calculated from the difference between the initial weight of the soil and after percolation. Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 172 / 185 54 / 58 Performance Analysis of the Tests Performed

[113] The agronomic trial to evaluate the response of maize to the application of doses of organic compost from macrophytic plants lasted 45 days. From this, biometric analyses were carried out: Plant Height, Stem Circumference and Number of Leaves; in addition, other evaluations were carried out such as: Leaf Area Measurement, Shoot and Root Dry Mass, Soil Collection for Chemical Fertility Analysis and Biological Analysis. [ 114] On the day of harvest, the height and diameter of each plant were measured. The aerial part was harvested and taken to an oven for drying at 60 °C until it reached a constant weight, and finally weighed to determine the dry mass. The dry biomass was ground in a mill with a 2 mm sieve for analysis of foliar nutrient content (step in progress). The soil from the pots was collected with a probe and air-dried for chemical analysis. The remaining soil in the pot was washed with water to separate the root and determine the dry mass.

[115] Statistical analysis and visualization of the data were performed using R software. The results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression. The normality of the residuals was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test (p < 0.05) and the means were compared by Tukey's test at a 5% significance level.

[116] Figure 3 shows the Dry Mass quantities of the fertilizers tested in the greenhouse with corn. There was a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between sources and fertilizers. Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pp. 173 / 185 55 / 58 phosphates in the production of dry biomass of plants. In all P2O5 doses of the experiment, the Granulated Organomineral Fertilizer - CMAP from organic macrophyte compost was the treatment that produced the greatest plant biomass, and at the lowest dose (45 mg / Kg), the plants produced more biomass than in the granulated form, a positive result that indicates that even in reduced amounts of P, the organic component of the fertilizer provided some benefit, in addition to supplying nutrients that favored plant development, which was not observed in the treatment with MAP Monoammonium Phosphate, commercially available in granulated form.

[117] Figure 4 shows the heights of the corn plants achieved with the fertilizers tested in the Greenhouse. The greatest difference between the fertilizers occurred at the lower doses. At the 45 mg / kg dose, the treatments that showed the greatest height were the Pelletized and Meal Organomineral Fertilizers - CMAP pel and CMAP far, respectively. [1 18] Figure 5 shows the diameters of the corn plants achieved with the fertilizers tested in the greenhouse. The diameters varied between sources only at the lowest dose, while at the others there was no significant difference, indicating that during the study period the diameter was more influenced by the physiology of the corn itself than by the phosphate source used.

[119] Experiments have shown that the results of organomineral fertilizers derived from macrophytes are as efficient as, or more efficient than, the conventional source Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP). It is evident that the physical characteristics of the fertilizers Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 174 / 185 56 / 58 influenced the availability of nutrients for plants. The granulated form provides a larger contact area between the soil and the fertilizers and can accelerate the processes of organic matter degradation and nutrient release, compared to the pelleted form. However, it is necessary to consider the time and conditions of use, as the pelleted form provides a slower release of nutrients due to its smaller surface area and material hardness. This means that the pellet retains nutrients for longer, preventing losses in the soil, and making them available to plants at more advanced stages of growth, where soil fertilization is generally no longer done.

[120] In addition to supplying mineral nutrients, which is the form absorbed by plants, FOM Organomineral Fertilizer causes greater plant production than conventional fertilizer due to the organic matter present. The addition of organic matter to the soil is beneficial for plant growth because it improves the chemical, physical, and biological conditions of the soil. Furthermore, organic matter may contain humic substances that can act as plant biostimulants, causing physiological responses of root growth and increased nutrient absorption. [ 1 21] To transform an organic compost from the accelerated composting of Aquatic Macrophytes ( 12 ) into a FOM, it is necessary to add Minerals ( 6 ) to the compost, in a technical and balanced way. In the present method and process, the following were respected: i) the legislation of MAPA - Normative Instruction No. 61 / 2020); and ii) analyses of the organic compost obtained in Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 175 / 185 57 / 58 Greenhouse experiment in corn cultivation. This analysis verified that the organic compound originating from Aquatic Macrophytes (12) is not able to adequately supply Nitrogen - N and Phosphorus - P to the corn crop, limiting plant growth, and hence the need to enrich the compound to obtain the Organomineral Fertilizer FOM.

[122] The satisfactory enrichment formulation obtained in the Greenhouse experiment was defined as: 70% (w / w) Macrophyte Organic Compound + 30% (w / w) Monoammonium Phosphate - MAP, which has the formulation shown in the following table. Table 18 - Formulation of Monoammonium Phosphate (NH4H2PO4). Component | Average content | P2O5 | 48% - 52% | N (ammoniacal) | 11% - 12%

[123] Logically the new and unprecedented “METHOD AND The "ACCELERATED COMPOSTING PROCESS OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES FOR OBTAINING ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER" presented here has as its main inventive activity the mixing of specially prepared solids and liquids under special conditions in order to accelerate the composting process of Aquatic Macrophytes (12) and obtain in a short period of time a stabilized, high-quality Organomineral Fertilizer - FOM, with low environmental costs and feasible to be operationalized on a large scale. Petition 870250061216, dated 07 / 17 / 2025, pages 176 / 185 58 / 58 scale.

[122] Thus, the method and process presented herein, and objects of this patent of invention, may have its components operationalized using different technologies and specifications, as well as different accessory configurations as needs and technological advances allow, without thereby losing novelty and innovation.

Claims

1. “METHOD AND PROCESS OF ACCELERATED COMPOSTING OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES FOR OBTAINING ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER” comprising Aquatic Macrophytes (13) that enter the Macrophyte Shredder (16) and after being shredded are taken by the Dump Truck (19) to the plant where the production of organomineral fertilizer takes place and whose liquid extracted from the shredding of the macrophytes is stored in the Macrophyte Liquid Container (18), in the Mixer (21) the shredded macrophytes receive the addition of sawdust from the Sawdust Dosing Hopper (26), Microbiological Inoculant (5), urea from the Urea Dosing Hopper (27) and Minerals (7) from the Mineral Dosing Hopper (28) after their quantities are after dosing, the resulting mixture is sent to the Accumulation Tank (31), from there to the Heating Tank (33), where the mixture is agitated, heated to 60 °C via the Heating Control (34) and to a humidity of 55% via the Heating Humidity Control (35),which activates or not the Macrophyte Liquid Injector (36) contained in the Macrophyte Liquid Container (18) to carry out the Thermophilic phase, subsequently, the mixture is transferred to the Cooling Tank (38) where the agitated mixture is cooled to about 50 °C via the Cooling Control (39) and the mixture moisture to 55% via the Cooling Moisture Control (40), and from there the mixture is taken to the Granulated Organomineral Compound Silo (44) where it is stored, and can proceed directly to Petition 870250061216, of 07 / 17 / 2025, page. 182 / 185 2 / 3 Bagging Machine (47) or sent to the Pelletizing Equipment (43) where the granulated organomineral compound is transformed into pellets, sent to the Pelletized Organomineral Compound Silo (45) and to the Bagging Machine (49) which stores the pelletized organomineral compound in Raffia Bags (50) where aeration and the Mesophilic stage continue,characterized by the method and process of the Organic Macrophyte Compost being formed by a mixture of 70% Water Lettuce, 15% Water Hyacinth and 15% Gummy Grass; 33% pine sawdust with a particle size smaller than 4 mm, 40% liquid from the grinding of macrophytes, 5% Nutrient Substrate (5) and 14% Microbiological Inoculant (4); the Organomineral Fertilizer FOM being formed by 70% (w / w) of the Organic Macrophyte Compost and 30% (w / w) of Monoammonium Phosphate - MAP., 2. “METHOD AND PROCESS FOR ACCELERATED COMPOSTING OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES TO OBTAIN ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER”, according to claim 1, characterized by: in the Thermophilic phase carried out in the Heating Tank (33), the mixture being heated to 60 °C via the Heating Control (34), the moisture content of the mixture having 55% moisture via the Heating Moisture Control (35) for a duration of 30 minutes; and in the Mesophilic phase carried out in the Cooling Tank (38) the mixture is cooled to 50 °C via the Cooling Control (39) and the moisture content of the mixture is 55% by the Cooling Moisture Control (40) for 20 minutes, and subsequently the mixture in pelletized form or Petition 870250061216, dated 17 / 07 / 2025, page 183 / 185 3 / 3 crumbled, is kept in raffia bags, for 15 days for final maturation, when it will be ready to be used.

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