DISPLAY PANEL AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

Description

1 / 113 DISPLAY PANEL AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED REQUESTS

[001] The present application claims priority and benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0168984, filed on November 22, 2024, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0180730, filed on December 6, 2024, with the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the full disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND 1. Field

[002] One or more embodiments refer to an apparatus and, more particularly, to a display panel and an electronic device. 2. Description of the Related Art

[003] Mobile-based electronic devices are widely used. Recently, tablets, as well as small electronic devices like cell phones, have been widely used as portable electronic devices.

[004] To support various functions, mobile electronic devices include a display panel to provide the user with visual information, such as an image or video. Recently, with the miniaturization of other components for driving a display panel, the proportion of the display panel in an electronic device has gradually increased, and a structure that can be folded from a flat state to a predefined angle has been developed. SUMMARY

[005] In general, in a display panel, the brightness, lifespan, and / or color coordinates of the display panel may vary depending on the aperture rate of each subpixel. The display panel may have multiple subpixel structures to achieve greater brightness in the same area. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 10 / 299 2 / 113 In this sense, there is a need for a subpixel structure that increases the light-emitting area of ​​a subpixel located in the same area, increasing or maximizing brightness and / or lifespan. To achieve this, the aperture rate of each subpixel can be adjusted to optimize color coordinates and / or a color combination. In particular, when an anti-reflective layer is included, there may be a limit to the increase in the aperture rate of each subpixel due to reflectance. One or more embodiments include a display panel and an electronic device to increase the light-emitting area of ​​each subpixel located in a predefined unit area of ​​the display area.

[006] Additional aspects will be presented in part in the descriptive report that follows and, in part, will become evident from the descriptive report, or may be learned by practicing embodiments of the present invention.

[007] According to one or more embodiments, a display panel includes a substrate comprising a display area and a plurality of unit areas arranged on the substrate, the unit areas being adjacent to each other in the display area, wherein each of the unit areas includes a first display element, a second display element and a third display element configured to emit light of different colors, the first display element, the second display element and the third display element are arranged in each of the unit areas, the first display element includes a first distinct display element in which a planar form of an emission area is a polygon with one long side and one short side, and a second distinct display element that is spaced from the first distinct display element and in which a planar form of an emission area is a polygon with one long side and one short side,and an arbitrary straight line extending from the long side of the shape of the emission area of ​​the first display element, Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 11 / 299 3 / 113 distinct is perpendicular to an arbitrary straight line extending from the long side of the emission area shape of the second distinct display element.

[008] In one or more embodiments, the display panel may also include a plurality of subpixel circuits arranged in each of the unit areas, and connected to each of the first display element, the second display element and the third display element, wherein one of the subpixel circuits may be connected simultaneously to the first distinct display element and to the second distinct display element.

[009] In one or more embodiments, the first distinct display element and the second distinct display element can be configured to emit red light or green light.

[0010] In one or more embodiments, the flat format of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element and the flat format of the emission area of ​​the second distinct display element may be a rectangular format or an octagonal format.

[0011] In one or more embodiments, when the first display element emits light, the first distinct display element and the second distinct display element may emit light of the same color simultaneously.

[0012] In one or more embodiments, the distance from an edge of the flat format of the emission area of ​​one of the second display element or the third display element, being adjacent to the long side of the first distinct display element, to the long side of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element, may be equal to the distance from an edge of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the other second display element or the third display element, being adjacent to the short side of the first distinct display element, to the short side of the flat format. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 12 / 299 4 / 113 of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element.

[0013] In one or more embodiments, each of a center of the planar shape of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element, a center of the planar shape of the emission area of ​​the second distinct display element, a center of the planar shape of the emission area of ​​the third display element, and a center of the planar shape of the emission area of ​​the third display element may be located at a vertex of a square.

[0014] In one or more embodiments, each of a flat format center of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element, or a flat format center of the emission area of ​​the second distinct display element, and a flat format center of the emission area of ​​the second display element, which are arranged in each of the plurality of unit areas, may be arranged in a straight line.

[0015] In one or more embodiments, one of the flat format centers of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element, or one of the flat format centers of the emission area of ​​the second distinct display element, and one of the flat format centers of the emission area of ​​the third display element, which are arranged in each of the plurality of unit areas, may be aligned in a straight line.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, a center of the planar format of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element and a center of the planar format of the emission area of ​​the second distinct display element may be arranged in a diagonal direction in each of the plurality of unit areas.

[0017] In one or more embodiments, a center of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element and a center of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the second display element Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 13 / 299 5 / 113 distinct bitions, which are arranged in the display area, can be arranged in a serpentine format.

[0018] In one or more embodiments, the flat format of the emission area of ​​the third display element may be square.

[0019] In one or more embodiments, a corner of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the third display element may be chamfered.

[0020] In one or more embodiments, the display panel may also include an anti-reflective layer on the first display element, the second display element and the third display element, wherein the anti-reflective layer includes a color filter.

[0021] In one or more embodiments, when each of the first display element, the second display element, and the third display element with different aperture rates is arranged in each of the plurality of unit areas, the first display element may have the lowest aperture rate among the first display element, the second display element, and the third display element arranged in each of the plurality of unit areas, or the difference between the aperture rate of the first display element and the aperture rate of one of the second display element and the third display element that has the lowest aperture rate may be equal to or less than 10%.

[0022] In one or more embodiments, one side of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element and / or one side of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the second distinct display element may be arranged at a distance between two parallel sides of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the second display element and / or arranged at a distance between two parallel sides of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the third display element. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 14 / 299 6 / 113

[0023] According to one or more embodiments, a display panel includes a substrate comprising a display area and a plurality of unit areas arranged on the substrate, the unit areas being adjacent to each other in the display area, wherein each of the unit areas includes a first display element, a second display element and a third display element configured to emit light of different colors, the first display element, the second display element and the third display element are arranged in each unit area, the first display element includes a first distinct display element in which the plan shape of an emitting area is a circle or an oval, and a second distinct display element that is arranged separately from the first distinct display element and in which the plan shape of an emitting area is a circle or an oval.

[0024] In one or more embodiments, the display panel may further include a plurality of subpixel circuits arranged in each unit area and connected to each of the first display element, the second display element and the third display element, and one of the plurality of subpixel circuits may be connected simultaneously to the first distinct display element and to the second distinct display element.

[0025] In one or more embodiments, the first distinct display element and the second distinct display element may emit red light or green light.

[0026] In one or more embodiments, when the first display element emits light, the first distinct display element and the second distinct display element may simultaneously emit light of the same color.

[0027] In one or more forms, a center of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element, a center Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 15 / 299 7 / 113 of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the second distinct display element, a center of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the second display element and a center of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the third display element can be located at a vertex of a square.

[0028] In one or more embodiments, one of the flat format centers of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element, or a flat format center of the emission area of ​​the second distinct display element, and a flat format center of the emission area of ​​the second display element, or a flat format center of the emission area of ​​the third display element, which are arranged in each unit area, may be arranged in a straight line.

[0029] In one or more embodiments, a center of the flat shape of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element and a center of the flat shape of the emission area of ​​the second distinct display element may be arranged in a diagonal direction in each unit area.

[0030] In one or more embodiments, a center of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element and a center of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the second distinct display element, which are arranged in the display area, may be arranged in a serpentine format.

[0031] In one or more embodiments, a flat shape of the emission area of ​​one of the second display element or the third display element may be a circle or an oval.

[0032] In one or more embodiments, the display panel may also include an anti-reflective layer disposed on the first display element, the second display element and the third display element, and including a color filter. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 16 / 299 8 / 113

[0033] In one or more embodiments, when each of the first display element, the second display element, and the third display element with different aperture rates is arranged in each unit area, the first display element may have the lowest aperture rate among the first display element, the second display element, and the third display element arranged in each unit area, or the difference between the aperture rate of the first display element and the aperture rate of one of the second display element and the third display element, the one with the lowest aperture rate, may be equal to or less than 10%.

[0034] In one or more embodiments, a flat format of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element and / or a flat format of the emission area of ​​the second distinct display element may be disposed within an area formed by an arbitrary tangent line in contact with a flat format of the emission area of ​​the second display element and an arbitrary tangent line in contact with a flat format of the emission area of ​​the third display element, wherein the arbitrary tangent rows intersect and are parallel to an arbitrary straight line passing through the center of the second display element or the center of the third display element, disposed in adjacent unit areas.

[0035] According to one or more embodiments, an electronic device includes a display panel, wherein the display panel includes a substrate comprising a display area and a plurality of unit areas arranged on the substrate, and arranged adjacent to one another in the display area, each unit area comprising a first display element, a second display element and a third display element emitting light of different colors, the first display element, the second display element and the third Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 17 / 299 9 / 113 The third display element is arranged in each unit area, the first display element includes a first distinct display element in which the planform of an emission area is a polygon with one long side and one short side, and a second distinct display element that is arranged separately from the first distinct display element and in which the planform of an emission area is a polygon with one long side and one short side, and an arbitrary straight line extending from the long side of the planform of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element is perpendicular to an arbitrary straight line extending from the long side of the planform of the emission area of ​​the second distinct display element.

[0036] In one or more embodiments, the display panel may further include a plurality of subpixel circuits arranged in each unit area and connected to each of the first display element, the second display element and the third display element, and one of the plurality of subpixel circuits may be connected simultaneously to the first distinct display element and to the second distinct display element.

[0037] In one or more embodiments, the flat shape of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element and the flat shape of the emission area of ​​the second distinct display element may be rectangular or octagonal.

[0038] In one or more embodiments, the distance from an edge of a flat format of the emission area of ​​one of the second display element and the third display element, the latter being adjacent to the long side of the first distinct display element, to the long side of the first distinct display element may be equal to the distance from an edge of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the other second display element or third display element, the latter being adjacent to the short side of the first distinct display element, to the short side of the Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 18 / 299 10 / 113 flat format of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element.

[0039] In one or more embodiments, the display panel may also include an anti-reflective layer disposed on the first display element, the second display element and the third display element, and including a color filter.

[0040] In one or more embodiments, when the first display element emits light, the first distinct display element and the second distinct display element may simultaneously emit light of the same color.

[0041] In one or more embodiments, when each of the first display element, the second display element, and the third display element with different aperture rates is arranged in each unit area, the first display element may have the lowest aperture rate among the first display element, the second display element, and the third display element arranged in each unit area, or the difference between the aperture rate of the first display element and the aperture rate of one of the second display element and the third display element, the one with the lowest aperture rate, may be equal to or less than 10%.

[0042] In one or more embodiments, one side of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element and / or one side of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the second distinct display element may be arranged at a distance between two parallel sides of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the second display element and / or arranged at a distance between two parallel sides of the flat format of the emission area of ​​the third display element.

[0043] According to one or more embodiments, an electronic device includes a display panel, wherein the display panel includes a substrate that includes a display area and a plurality of Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 19 / 299 11 / 113 unit areas arranged on the substrate, and arranged adjacent to each other in the display area, each unit area includes a first display element, a second display element and a third display element that emit light of different colors, the first display element, the second display element and the third display element are arranged in each unit area, the first display element includes a distinct first display element in which the plan shape of an emission area is a circle or an oval, and a distinct second display element that is arranged separately from the distinct first display element and in which a plan shape of an emission area is a circle or an oval.

[0044] In one or more embodiments, the display panel may also include a plurality of subpixel circuits arranged in each unit area and connected to each of the first display element, the second display element, and the third display element. One of the subpixel circuits may be connected simultaneously to the first distinct display element and to the second distinct display element.

[0045] In one or more embodiments, when the first display element emits light, the first distinct display element and the second distinct display element may simultaneously emit light of the same color.

[0046] In one or more embodiments, a center of the planar format of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element, a center of the planar format of the emission area of ​​the second distinct display element, a center of the planar format of the emission area of ​​the second display element, and a center of the planar format of the emission area of ​​the third display element may be located at a vertex of a square.

[0047] In one or more forms, a flat format of the area of Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 20 / 299 12 / 113 issuing one of the second display element or the third display element, which can be a circle or an oval.

[0048] In one or more embodiments, the display panel may also include an anti-reflective layer disposed on the first display element, the second display element and the third display element, and including a color filter.

[0049] In one or more embodiments, when each of the first display element, the second display element, and the third display element with different aperture rates is arranged in each unit area, the first display element may have the lowest aperture rate among the first display element, the second display element, and the third display element arranged in each unit area, or the difference between the aperture rate of the first display element and the aperture rate of one of the second display element and the third display element, the one with the lowest aperture rate, may be equal to or less than 10%.

[0050] In one or more embodiments, the flat shape of the emission area of ​​the first distinct display element and / or the flat shape of the emission area of ​​the second distinct display element may be arranged within an area formed by an arbitrary tangent line in contact with a flat shape of the emission area of ​​the second display element and an arbitrary tangent line in contact with a flat shape of the emission area of ​​the third display element, wherein the arbitrary tangent rows intersect and are parallel to an arbitrary straight line passing through a center of the second display element or a center of the third display element, arranged in adjacent unit areas.

[0051] Other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the drawings, claims and detailed description. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 21 / 299 13 / 113 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] The aspects and characteristics mentioned above, as well as others, of the embodiments of the present invention, will become more evident from the following description, together with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0053] Figure 1 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments;

[0054] Figures 2 to 4 are schematic diagrams of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments;

[0055] Figure 5 is a perspective view that schematically illustrates an electronic device according to one or more embodiments;

[0056] Figure 6 is an exploded perspective view that schematically illustrates the electronic device in Figure 5;

[0057] Figure 7A is a plan view that schematically illustrates a portion of a display apparatus shown in Figure 6;

[0058] Figure 7B is a side view that schematically illustrates a portion of a display apparatus shown in Figure 7A;

[0059] Figure 8 is a plan view that schematically illustrates a portion of the display apparatus shown in Figure 6;

[0060] Figure 9 is a circuit diagram that schematically illustrates a single-subpixel subpixel circuit arranged in a display area shown in Figure 8;

[0061] Figure 10A is a cross-sectional view that schematically illustrates a portion of the display apparatus shown in Figure 6;

[0062] Figure 10B is a cross-sectional view of a display panel, an adhesive layer and a cover window taken along line BB' of Figure 8;

[0063] Figure 10C is a cross-sectional view of the panel of Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 22 / 299 14 / 113 display, an adhesive layer and cover window taken along line BB' of Figure 8;

[0064] Figures 11A and 11B are plan views that schematically illustrate a display area of ​​a display panel of Figure 6;

[0065] Figures 12A and 12B are cross-sectional views that schematically illustrate a portion of a display panel, taken along line CC' in Figure 11A;

[0066] Figure 13A is a cross-sectional view that schematically illustrates a manufacturing apparatus for a display panel according to one or more embodiments;

[0067] Figure 13B is a plan view that schematically illustrates a mask assembly shown in Figure 13A;

[0068] Figure 13C is a plan view illustrating a portion of a mask sheet for the manufacture of a comparative example in relation to the present invention;

[0069] Figure 13D is a plan view illustrating a portion of a display panel manufactured according to a scheme shown in Figure 13C;

[0070] Figure 13E is a plan view illustrating a portion of a mask sheet for the manufacture of a comparative example in relation to the present invention;

[0071] Figure 13F is a plan view illustrating a portion of a display panel manufactured according to a scheme shown in Figure 13E;

[0072] Figure 14 is a plan view that schematically illustrates a unit area of ​​a display panel according to one or more embodiments;

[0073] Figure 15 is a plan view that schematically illustrates the display area of ​​a display panel according to one or more Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 23 / 299 15 / 113 modalities;

[0074] Figure 16 is a plan view that schematically illustrates the display area of ​​a display panel according to one or more modalities; and

[0075] Figure 17 is a plan view that schematically illustrates the display area of ​​a display panel according to one or more modalities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0076] The embodiments exemplified in the accompanying drawings will be presented in detail below, where similar reference numbers refer to similar elements. In this sense, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be interpreted as limited to the descriptions presented here. Consequently, the embodiments are described below, by referring to the figures, only to explain aspects and characteristics of the embodiments of the present invention. As used in this document, the term and / or includes any combination of one or more of the associated listed items. Throughout the present invention, the expression at least one of a, b or c indicates only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all a, b and c, or variations thereof.

[0077] As the present invention allows for various modifications and numerous embodiments, specific embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in the detailed descriptive report. The effects, aspects, and characteristics of the embodiments of the present invention, as well as the methods for achieving them, will be clarified with reference to the embodiments described in detail below, with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments and can be incorporated in various forms.

[0078] The modalities will be described in detail below with Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, p. 24 / 299 16 / 113 reference to the attached drawings, in which the same elements or corresponding elements are designated by the same reference numbers and redundant descriptions are omitted.

[0079] Although the terms first, second, etc., can be used to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another.

[0080] As used in this document, the singular forms a, an, “the” and “the” also include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0081] It will also be understood that the terms include or comprise used in this document specify the presence of certain characteristics or elements, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other characteristics or elements.

[0082] It will also be understood that when a layer, region or element is referred to as being above another layer, region or element, it may be directly above the other layer, region or element, or it may be indirectly above the other layer, region or element, with layers, regions or elements interposed between them.

[0083] The dimensions of the elements in the drawings may be exaggerated or reduced to facilitate description. For example, since the dimensions and thicknesses of the elements in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated to facilitate descriptions, the present invention is not limited to this.

[0084] In the following modalities, the x, y, and z axes are not limited to the three axes of the rectangular coordinate system and can be interpreted in a broader sense. For example, the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis can be perpendicular to each other or can represent different directions that are not perpendicular to each other. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 25 / 299 17 / 113

[0085] When a given modality can be implemented differently, the specific order of the process may differ from the order described. For example, two processes described consecutively may be performed substantially concurrently (e.g., simultaneously), or they may be performed in an order opposite to that described.

[0086] Figure 1 is a block diagram of an electronic device 1 according to one or more embodiments.

[0087] Referring to Figure 1, the electronic device 1, according to one or more embodiments, may include a display module 2, which includes a display panel, a processor 3, a memory 4 and a power supply module 5.

[0088] Processor 3 may include at least one of the following components: a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a communication processor (CP), an image signal processor (ISP), or a controller. In one or more embodiments, processor 3 may be provided by being functionally or structurally divided into at least two processors. For example, processor 3 may include a main processor in the form of a first drive chip, including a CPU, and an auxiliary processor in the form of a second drive chip, including a controller configured to receive an image signal from the main processor and process the image signal to be adapted to a display module 2 interface specification.

[0089] Memory 4 may include at least one non-volatile memory or one volatile memory. Memory 4 may store data information necessary for the operation of processor 3 or display module 2. When processor 3 executes an application stored in memory 4, an image data signal and / or a signal Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 26 / 299 18 / 113 input control signals can be transmitted to display module 2, and display module 2 can process the supplied signal and thus display image information on a screen.

[0090] The power supply module 5 may include a power supply module, such as a power adapter and / or a battery device, and a power conversion module to generate, by converting the power supplied by the power supply module, the power required for the operation of the electronic device 1. The power conversion performed by the power conversion module may include, among others, direct current (DC) to DC conversion, alternating current (AC) to DC conversion, and DC to AC conversion.

[0091] The electronic device 1 may also include an input module 6, a non-image output module 7 and / or a communication module 8.

[0092] Input module 6 can provide input information to processor 3 and / or display module 2. Input module 6 may include not only physical buttons, a keyboard and / or a microphone, but also various sensor modules. An example of a sensor module may include not only a touch sensor, a pressure sensor, a distance sensor, a position sensor, a digitizer, a motion recognition sensor, a camera sensor, a light reception sensor, a photoelectric conversion sensor and a temperature sensor, but also a biometric sensor, including a blood pressure sensor, a blood glucose sensor, an electrocardiogram sensor, a heart rate sensor, etc.

[0093] The non-image output module 7 can provide information to the user by receiving information other than an image transmitted by processor 3. An example of a non-image output module 7 might include an audio module, a haptic module, a Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 27 / 299 19 / 113 light-emitting module, etc., and may also include other intrinsic functional modules (e.g., a cooling module of a refrigerator) of an electronic device 1.

[0094] Communication module 8 is a module for handling the transmission and reception of information between electronic device 1 and an external device, and may include a receiver and a transmitter. Communication module 8 may include various wireless communication modules, including a mobile communication module, a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) module, a Bluetooth module, etc., and / or various wired communication modules.

[0095] At least one of the elements of the electronic device 1 may be included in a display apparatus. Furthermore, some separate modules, functionally included in the electronic device 1, may be integrated into the display apparatus, while others may be provided separately from the display apparatus. For example, the display apparatus may include the display module 2, and the processor 3, memory 4, and power module 5 may be provided as other devices in the electronic device 1, and not in the display apparatus. As another example, the power module 5 may be located in the display apparatus and may provide power to the processor 3 and memory 4 located in the electronic device 1, and not in the display apparatus, but the present invention is not limited to this.

[0096] Figures 2 to 4 are schematic diagrams of an electronic device according to various embodiments. Figures 2 to 4 illustrate examples of various electronic devices to which display devices are applied according to one or more embodiments.

[0097] Figure 2 illustrates a smartphone 1_1a, a tablet PC 1_1b, a laptop computer 1_1c, a television (TV) 1_1d and a desktop monitor 11e. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 28 / 299 20 / 113

[0098] Smartphone 1_1a may include an input module with a touch sensor and a communication module, as well as display module 2. Smartphone 1_1a may process information received through the communication module or another input module and thus display the information through a display module of a display device.

[0099] Similar to the smartphone 1_1a, each of the tablets 1_1b, laptops 1_1c, TVs 1_1d and desktop monitors 1_1e may include a display module and an input module and, in some cases, may also include a communication module.

[00100] Figure 3 illustrates an example where an electronic device, including a display module, is applied to a wearable electronic device. The wearable electronic device may include smart glasses 1_2a, a head-mounted display 1_2b, a smartwatch 1_2c, or similar.

[00101] Each of the smart glasses 1_2a and head-mounted display 1_2b may include a display module to project a display image and a reflector to reflect the projected display screen and provide the reflected display screen to the user's eyes, thus providing the user with a virtual reality or augmented reality image.

[00102] The 1_2c smartwatch may include a biometric sensor as an input device and may provide the user with biometric information recognized by the biometric sensor via a display module.

[00103] Figure 4 illustrates an example in which an electronic device 1_3, including a display module, is applied to a vehicle. For example, the electronic device 1_3 can be applied to a dashboard, center console, etc., of the vehicle, or it can be applied to a central display. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 29 / 299 21 / 113 of information (CID) displayed on the vehicle's dashboard, to an interior rearview mirror display replacing a side rearview mirror of the vehicle, etc.

[00104] In one or more embodiments, an electronic device to which a display apparatus, according to one or more embodiments, is applied may include not only devices such as an advertising panel, an electronic display panel, a game console, etc., primarily intended for displaying images, but also various household appliances, such as a refrigerator, washing machine, dryer, air conditioner, robot vacuum cleaner, etc., for displaying information by means of a display module. Furthermore, when a display module has the function of transmitting light, it may be applied to a smart window or to an electronic device that includes a transparent display apparatus that displays both a background and a display image. The types of electronic devices, according to one or more embodiments, are not limited to the examples cited, and application to various other unspecified electronic devices may be possible.

[00105] Hereafter, for ease of description, a case in which electronic device 1 is a smartphone will be primarily presented.

[00106] Figure 5 is a perspective view that schematically illustrates electronic device 1 according to one or more embodiments. Figure 6 is an exploded perspective view that schematically illustrates electronic device 1 of Figure 5.

[00107] Referring to Figures 5 and 6, the electronic device 1 may include a DV display apparatus, including a cover window 70, a display panel 10, a data driver 20 and a display circuit board 30, a support 60, a main circuit board 50, a battery 80 and / or a bottom cover 90. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 30 / 299 22 / 113

[00108] In the descriptive report, left, right, top, and bottom in a plan view refer to the directions when display panel 10 is viewed in a direction perpendicular to display panel 10. For example, left refers to the -x direction, right refers to the +x direction, top refers to the +y direction, and bottom refers to the -y direction.

[00109] In a plan view, electronic device 1 may have a substantially rectangular shape. For example, electronic device 1 may have a substantially rectangular shape with a short side in the x-axis direction and a long side in the y-axis direction in an xy plane, as shown in Figure 5. In this case, a corner where the short side in the x-axis direction and the long side in the y-axis direction meet may form a right angle or have a rounded shape with a predefined curvature. However, in a plan view, electronic device 1 may have a polygonal shape other than rectangular; it may have an elliptical shape or an irregular shape.

[00110] The cover window 70 can be positioned on the display panel 10 so as to cover the top surface of the display panel 10. The cover window 70 can protect the top surface of the display panel 10.

[00111] The cover window 70 may include a translucent cover portion DA70 corresponding to the display panel 10 and a light-blocking cover portion NDA70 surrounding (e.g., encircling) the translucent cover portion DA70. The light-blocking cover portion NDA70 may include an opaque material to block light (e.g., a colored opaque material). The light-blocking cover portion NDA70 may include a pattern that may be shown to the user when no image is being displayed.

[00112] Display panel 10 can be placed under the window of Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 31 / 299 23 / 113 Coverage 70. The display panel 10 may overlap the translucent cover portion DA70 of the cover window 70. The display panel 10 includes a display area DA. The display area DA, where an image is displayed, may include an area (hereinafter referred to as the component area) where light emitted by component 40, located under the display panel 10, is transmitted. The component may include a sensor or a camera that uses visible light, infrared light and / or sound.

[00113] Display panel 10 may be a light-emitting display panel that includes a light-emitting diode. The light-emitting diode may be an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), which includes an emission layer, or an inorganic light-emitting diode, which includes an inorganic material. The inorganic light-emitting diode may include a PN junction diode, which includes inorganic semiconductor materials. When a voltage is applied to a PN junction diode in the forward direction, holes and electrons can be injected, and the energy generated by the recombination of holes and electrons can be converted into light energy to emit light of a suitable color (e.g., a predefined color). The inorganic light-emitting diode may have a width of a few micrometers to hundreds of micrometers. The inorganic light-emitting diode may be referred to as a micro LED.

[00114] Display panel 10 may be a rigid display panel, which is inflexible and does not bend easily, or a flexible display panel, which is flexible and can be easily bent, folded and / or rolled up. For example, display panel 10 may be a foldable display panel, which can be folded and / or unfolded; a curved display panel, with a curved display surface; a folded display panel, with a folded area of ​​the display surface; a rollable display panel, which can be rolled up and / or unrolled; or an extendable display panel. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 32 / 299 24 / 113

[00115] Display panel 10 may be a transparent display panel, allowing an object or background arranged on the lower surface of display panel 10 to be viewed from the upper surface of display panel 10. Alternatively, display panel 10 may be a reflective display panel, capable of reflecting an object or background onto the upper surface of display panel 10.

[00116] The data driver 20 can be mounted on the display panel 10 in the form of an integrated circuit (IC). However, the present invention is not limited to this and, for example, the data driver 20 can be mounted on the printed circuit board of the display circuit board.

[00117] The display circuit board 30 can be fixed to one side of the display panel 10. The display circuit board 30 can be a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB), which can be bent, a rigid printed circuit board (PCB), which is rigid and cannot be bent, or a composite printed circuit board, including both rigid PCB and FPCB. A touch sensor driver can be mounted on the display circuit board 30. The touch sensor driver can be formed as an integrated circuit (IC). The touch sensor driver can be electrically connected to the touch electrodes of a touchscreen layer of the display panel 10 through the display circuit board 30.

[00118] The touchscreen layer of display panel 10 can detect user touch input when using at least one of several touch methods, such as a resistive method and / or a capacitive method. When the touchscreen layer of display panel 10 detects user touch input when using a capacitive method, the touch sensor driver can apply drive signals to the drive electrodes among the touch electrodes and can determine whether the Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 33 / 299 25 / 113 The user touches the contact by detecting the voltages carried in the mutual capacitances (hereinafter referred to as mutual capacitance) between the actuation electrodes and the detection electrodes, through the detection electrodes among the touch electrodes.

[00119] A user's touch can include a contact touch and a proximity touch. A contact touch means that an object, such as the user's finger or a pen, makes direct contact with the cover window 70 located in the touch screen layer. A proximity touch means that an object, such as the user's finger or a pen, is located close to the cover window 70, such as when hovering over it. The touch sensor driver can transmit sensor data to a main processor 530 according to the detected voltages, and the main processor 530 can calculate the touch coordinates, where the touch input occurs, by analyzing the sensor data.

[00120] A controller for providing drive voltages for the drive pixels of the display panel 10, a gate driver and / or the data driver 20 may be arranged on the display circuit board 30.

[00121] Support 60 for display panel 10 may be arranged under display panel 10. Support 60 may be made of plastic, metal, or both. Support 60 may include a first camera hole CMH1, into which a camera device 531 is inserted, a battery hole BH, into which battery 80 is positioned, a cable hole CAH, through which a cable connected to the display circuit board 30 passes, and a component hole CPH, corresponding to components 40. The component hole CPH may overlap components 40 of the main circuit board 50 when viewed in a third direction (z-axis direction). For reference, the display area DA of display panel 10 may overlap Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 34 / 299 26 / 113 components 40 of the main circuit board 50 when viewed in the third direction (z-axis direction). When necessary, the support 60 may not have the hole for the CPH component.

[00122] The components 40 included in the electronic device 1 may include a first component 41, a second component 42, a third component 43, and a fourth component 44 that overlap the display panel 10. Each of the components 41, 42, 43, and 44 may include at least one of the following: proximity sensor, light sensor, iris sensor, facial recognition sensor, and / or camera (or image sensor). The proximity sensor using infrared rays may detect an object located near the upper surface of the electronic device 1, and the light sensor may detect the brightness of incident light on the upper surface of the electronic device 1. In addition, the iris sensor may capture an image of the iris of a person located on the upper surface of the electronic device 1, and the camera may obtain image data of the object located on the upper surface of the electronic device 1.Component 40 is not limited to the proximity sensor, light sensor, iris sensor, facial recognition sensor, and / or camera, and may include other sensors.

[00123] The main circuit board 50 and the battery 80 can be arranged under the support 60. The main circuit board 50 can be a rigid printed circuit board (PCB) or a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB).

[00124] The main circuit board 50 may include the main processor 530, the camera device 531, a main connector 55, and components 40. The main processor 530 may be an integrated circuit (IC). When necessary, the electronic device 1 may include not only the camera device 531 located on the top surface of the main circuit board 50, but also a camera device. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 35 / 299 27 / 113 located on the lower surface of the main circuit board 50. The main processor 530 and the main connector 55 may be located on the upper or lower surface of the main circuit board 50. The main circuit board 50 may be electrically connected to the display circuit board 30 via the main connector 55 and / or similar.

[00125] The main processor 530 can control all the functions of the electronic device 1. For example, the main processor 530 can send digital video data to the data driver 20 through the display circuit board 30, so that the display panel 10 shows an image. The main processor 530 can receive detection data from the touch sensor driver. The main processor 530 can determine if the user touches the screen based on the detection data and can perform an operation corresponding to the direct touch (i.e., contact touch) or proximity touch of the user. The main processor 530 can be an application processor, a central processing unit (CPU), or a system chip formed as an integrated circuit (IC).

[00126] The camera device 531 processes an image frame, such as a still image and / or a moving image, obtained by an image sensor in camera mode and sends the image frame to the main processor 530. The camera device 531 may include at least one camera sensor (e.g., charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)), a photographic sensor (or image sensor), or a laser sensor.

[00127] A cable that passes through the CAH support hole 60 can be connected to the main connector 55, and the main circuit board 50 can be electrically connected to the display circuit board 30 via the cable. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 36 / 299 28 / 113

[00128] Electronic device 1 may include, in addition to the main processor 530, a wireless communication unit, an input unit, a sensor unit, an output unit, an interface unit, a memory and / or a power supply unit.

[00129] The wireless communication unit may include at least one of the following components: a transmit-receive module, a mobile communication module, a wireless internet module, a short-range communication module, or a location information module.

[00130] The transmission reception module receives a transmission signal and / or transmission-related information from an external transmission management server via a transmission channel. The transmission channel may include a satellite channel and a terrestrial channel.

[00131] The mobile communication module transmits and receives a wireless signal to and from at least one base station, an external terminal, or a server on an established mobile communication network in accordance with technical standards or communication methods for mobile communication (e.g., Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000), Enhanced Voice and Data Optimized or Enhanced Voice and Data Only (EV-DO), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), High-Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High-Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Long-Term Evolution (LTE), and / or Advanced Long-Term Evolution (LTE-A)). The wireless signal can include various types of data, depending on whether it's transmitting or receiving a voice call signal, a video call signal, and / or a text / multimedia message.

[00132] The wireless internet module refers to a module for Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 37 / 299 29 / 113 Wireless Internet access. The wireless internet module can be configured to transmit and / or receive a wireless signal on a communication network, according to the wireless internet technology. Wireless internet technology can be, for example, wireless local area network (WLAN), Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi Direct and / or Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA).

[00133] The short-range communication module can support short-range communication using at least one of the following technologies: Bluetooth™, radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared data association (IrDA), ultra-wideband (UWB), ZigBee, near field communication (NFC), Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi Direct and Universal Serial Bus (USB).The short-range communication module may support wireless communication between electronic device 1 and a wireless communication system, between electronic device 1 and another electronic device, or between electronic device 1 and a network in which another electronic device (or an external server) is located, via a wireless area network. The wireless area network may correspond to wireless personal area networks. The other electronic device may be a wearable device that can exchange data (or interoperate) with electronic device 1.

[00134] The location information module for obtaining the location of electronic device 1 may include a global positioning system (GPS) module or a Wi-Fi module.

[00135] The input unit may include an image input unit, such as a camera, for inputting an image signal; a sound input unit, such as a microphone, for inputting an audio signal; and an input device for receiving user information. The camera processes an image frame, such as a still or moving image, obtained by the image sensor in a video call mode and / or in a photo mode. The processed image frame may be displayed on the display panel 10 or Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 38 / 299 30 / 113 stored in memory. The microphone processes an external audio signal, converting it into electronic voice data. The processed voice data can be used in various ways, depending on the function being performed (or the application being applied) on the electronic device 1.

[00136] The main processor 530 can control an operation of the electronic device 1, in response to information input through the input device. The input device may include a mechanical input means and / or a touch input means, such as a button, a dome switch, a scroll wheel and / or a scroll switch located on the rear or side surface of the electronic device 1. The touch input means may include the touch screen layer of the display panel 10.

[00137] The sensor unit may include one or more sensors that detect at least one piece of information in the electronic device 1, information from the environment surrounding the electronic device 1, or user information, and generate a corresponding detection signal. The main processor 530 may control the drive or operation of the electronic device 1 or may perform data processing, a function, and / or an operation related to an application installed on the electronic device 1. The sensor unit may be a proximity sensor, a light sensor, and / or a facial recognition sensor, as described in relation to component 40. The sensor unit may include an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gravity sensor (G-sensor), a gyroscope sensor, a motion sensor, an RGB sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a fingerprint sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, and / or a battery indicator.In addition, the sensor unit may include an environmental sensor and / or a chemical sensor. The environmental sensor may be, for example, a barometer, a hygrometer, a thermometer, or a sensor. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 39 / 299 31 / 113 radiation detection, a heat detection sensor and / or a gas detection sensor. The chemical sensor could be, for example, an electronic nose, a health sensor and / or a biometric sensor.

[00138] The output unit for generating a response related to the visual, auditory or tactile senses may include at least one of the following components: display panel 10, sound output unit, haptic module and / or light output unit.

[00139] Display panel 10 displays (emits) information processed by electronic device 1. For example, display panel 10 may display information from the execution screen of an application running on electronic device 1, may display a user interface (UI) based on the information from the execution screen, or may display graphical user interface (GUI) information. Display panel 10 may include a display layer to show an image and / or a touch-sensitive screen layer to detect user touch input. Consequently, display panel 10 may function as one of the input devices providing an input interface between electronic device 1 and the user, and at the same time, it may also function as one of the output units providing an output interface between electronic device 1 and the user.

[00140] The sound output unit can output audio data received from the wireless communication unit or stored in memory, in a call signal reception mode, a call mode, a recording mode, a voice recognition mode and / or a transmission reception mode. The sound output unit can output an audio signal related to a function (e.g., a call signal reception sound and / or a message reception sound) performed on the electronic device 1. The sound output unit may include a receiver and / or a speaker. At least one of Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 40 / 299 32 / 113 components, the receiver or speaker, may be a sound-generating device fixed to the underside of the display panel 10 and emitting sound by vibrating the display panel 10. The sound-generating device may be a piezoelectric element and / or a piezoelectric actuator that contracts and / or expands according to an electrical signal, or an exciter that generates a magnetic force by using a voice coil and vibrates the display panel 10.

[00141] The haptic module generates various tactile effects that the user can feel. The haptic module can provide vibration to the user as a tactile effect. The haptic module can not only transmit a tactile effect through direct contact, but also allow the user to feel a tactile effect through the musculature, such as that of a finger and / or arm of the user.

[00142] The light-emitting unit emits a signal to notify the occurrence of an event by using light from a light source. Examples of events that occur on the electronic device 1 may include receiving messages, receiving calls, missed calls, alarms, appointment notifications, receiving emails, and / or receiving information through an application. The signal emission of the light-emitting unit is implemented when the electronic device 1 emits light of a single color or multiple colors from its front or rear surface. The signal emission can be interrupted when the electronic device 1 detects that the user has viewed the event.

[00143] The interface unit functions as a gateway for various types of external devices connected to the electronic device 1. The interface unit may include at least one of the following inputs: wired / wireless headphone port, external charger port, wired / wireless data port, card port. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 41 / 299 33 / 113 memory, port for connecting a device with an identification module, audio input / output (I / O) port, video I / O port, or headphone port. When an external device is connected to the interface unit, electronic device 1 can perform the appropriate control related to the connected external device.

[00144] The memory stores data that supports various functions of the electronic device 1. The memory can store a plurality of applications (application programs) run on the electronic device 1 and a plurality of data and / or instructions for the operation of the electronic device 1. At least some of the applications can be downloaded from an external server via wireless communication. The memory can store an application for the operation of the main processor 530 and can temporarily store input / output data, for example, a phone book, a message, a still image and / or a moving image. In addition, the memory can store tactile data for vibration of various patterns supplied to the tactile module and / or sound data related to various sounds supplied to the sound output unit.

[00145] Memory may include at least one type of storage media from among: flash memory, hard disk, solid-state disk (SSD), silicon disk drive (SDD), micro multimedia card, memory card (e.g., SD or XD memory), random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), magnetic memory, magnetic disk, and optical disk.

[00146] The power supply unit receives external and / or internal power and supplies power to each element included in the electronic device. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 42 / 299 34 / 113 nico 1, under the control of the main processor 530. The power supply unit may include battery 80. Additionally, the power supply unit may include a connection port, which may be an example of an interface unit to which an external power supply charger is electrically connected to charge battery 80. Alternatively, the power supply unit may wirelessly charge battery 80. Battery 80 may be arranged so as not to overlap the main circuit board 50 in the third direction (z-axis direction). Battery 80 may overlap the battery hole BH of the holder 60.

[00147] The bottom cover 90 may form the external appearance of the electronic device 1 and may have an opening through which a portion of the display panel 10 is exposed. The bottom cover 90 has a shape whose surface corresponding to the display panel 10 is open and may be coupled to the display panel 10. The bottom cover 90 may be located opposite the cover window 70, with the display panel 10 between them. The bottom cover 90 may be arranged under the main circuit board 50 and the battery 80. The bottom cover 90 may be coupled and fixed to the support 60. The bottom cover 90 may form the external appearance of the bottom surface of the electronic device 1. The bottom cover 90 may be made of plastic, metal, or both.

[00148] A second camera hole CMH2, through which the bottom surface of the camera device 531 is exposed, may be formed in the bottom cover 90.The position of camera device 531, as well as the positions of the first camera hole CMH1 and the second camera hole CMH2 corresponding to camera device 531, are not limited to those illustrated in Figure 6 and can be changed in various ways.

[00149] Figure 7A is a plan view that schematically illustrates a portion of the display apparatus shown in Figure 6. Figure 7B Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 43 / 299 Figure 35 / 113 is a side view that schematically illustrates a portion of the display apparatus shown in Figure 7A. Electronic device 1 may include the portions of the display apparatus shown in Figures 7A and 7B.

[00150] Referring to Figures 7A and 7B, display panel 10 may include the display area DA and a peripheral area PA around the display area DA, along an edge or periphery of the display area DA. The display area DA is the portion where an image is displayed, and a plurality of pixels may be arranged in the display area DA. The display area DA may have various shapes, such as circular, elliptical, polygonal, or the shape of a specific Figure. In Figure 7A, the display area DA has a substantially rectangular shape with rounded corners.

[00151] The peripheral area PA may be located outside the display area DA. The peripheral area PA may include a first peripheral area PA1 surrounding (e.g., encircling) at least part of the display area DA and a second peripheral area PA2 located at the lower end of the display area DA and extending in a first direction (x-axis direction). The width of the second peripheral area PA2 in the first direction (x-axis direction) may be smaller than the width of the display area DA in the first direction (x-axis direction). With this structure, at least part of the second peripheral area PA2 can be easily folded.

[00152] A flat format of display panel 10 in Figure 7A may be substantially the same as a format of a substrate 100 (e.g., see Figure 10A) included in display panel 10. When display panel 10 includes the display area DA and the peripheral area PA outside the display area DA, this may mean that substrate 100 includes the display area DA and the peripheral area PA outside the display area DA. For convenience, it will be described that the substrate Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 44 / 299 36 / 113 100 includes the DA display area and the PA peripheral area.

[00153] The display panel 10 may include a main region MR, a curvature region BR external to the main region MR, and a subregion SR spaced (e.g., separated) from the main region MR, with the curvature region BR between them. The main region MR may be arranged on one side of the curvature region BR, and the subregion SR may be arranged on the other side of the curvature region BR. The display panel 10 may be curved in the curvature region BR, as shown in Figure 7B, and at least a portion of the subregion SR may overlap the main region MR when viewed in the third direction (z-axis direction). Although Figure 7B illustrates that the display panel 10 is curved, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, display panel 10 could be a foldable display panel, and in that case, display panel 10 could be curved in the DA display area around a curvature axis that crosses the DA display area.However, when necessary, display panel 10 may not be folded. The SR sub-region may be an area without display.

[00154] The data driver 20 can be arranged in the SR sub-region of the display panel 10. The data driver 20 can be implemented in the display panel 10 in the form of an integrated circuit (IC). For example, the data driver 20 can be a data drive integrated circuit (IC) that generates a data signal.

[00155] The display circuit board 30 can be fixed to one end of the SR sub-region of the display panel 10. The display circuit board 30 can be electrically connected to the data driver 20 and / or similar via a pad of the SR sub-region of the display panel 10.

[00156] Figure 8 is a plan view that schematically illustrates a portion of the display apparatus shown in Figure 6.

[00157] Referring to Figure 8, display panel 10 may include Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 45 / 299 37 / 113 the substrate 100. Several elements included in the display panel 10 can be arranged on the substrate 100.

[00158] Substrate 100 may include glass, ceramic, metal, and / or polymeric resin. Substrate 100 may include a polymeric resin such as polyethersulfone, polyacrylate, polyetherimide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyimide, polycarbonate, and / or cellulose acetate-propionate. Substrate 100 may have a multilayer structure, including two layers composed of the polymeric resin and an inorganic layer arranged between the two layers. Alternatively, substrate 100 may have a structure in which layers composed of the polymeric resin and inorganic layers are stacked alternately. The inorganic layer may include, for example, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and / or silicon oxynitride.

[00159] Subpixels can be arranged in the DA display area, and the DA display area can provide an image by using the light emitted by the subpixels. Each subpixel can include a light-emitting diode (LED), which is a display element, and the LED can be electrically connected to a PC subpixel circuit. The PC subpixel circuit and the LED can be arranged in the DA display area. For convenience, the PC subpixel circuit and the LED are located in parallel (i.e., adjacent to each other) in Figure 8, but in reality, the PC subpixel circuit and the LED can overlap, at least partially. For example, the LED can be arranged in the PC subpixel circuit.

[00160] A door drive circuit, a pad 14, a first power supply wiring 15 and a second power supply wiring 16 can be arranged in the PA peripheral area. The door drive circuit may include, for example, a first circuit Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 46 / 299 38 / 113 scanning drive 11, a second scanning drive circuit 12 and / or an emission control drive circuit 13.

[00161] The first scan drive circuit 11 can provide a scan signal to the PC subpixel circuit via an SL scan line. The second scan drive circuit 12 can be arranged opposite the first scan drive circuit 11, with the DA display area between them. Some of the PC subpixel circuits arranged in the DA display area can be electrically connected to the first scan drive circuit 11, and others can be connected to the second scan drive circuit 12. When necessary, the second scan drive circuit 12 can be omitted.

[00162] The emission control drive circuit 13 can be arranged on one side of the DA display area, like the first scan drive circuit 11. The emission control drive circuit 13 can provide an emission control signal to a pixel via the EL emission control line. As illustrated in Figure 8, the emission control drive circuit 13 is arranged only on one side of the DA display area, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the display panel 10 may include the emission control drive circuits 13 arranged on one side and the other side of the DA display area. Alternatively, the first scan drive circuit 11 may be arranged on one side of the DA display area and the emission control drive circuit 13 may be arranged on the other side.

[00163] Pad 14 can be placed in the second peripheral area PA2 of substrate 100. Pad 14 may not be covered by an insulating layer and may be exposed, and therefore may be electrically connected to the display circuit board 30. A pad 34 of the circuit board Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 47 / 299 Display 39 / 113 can be electrically connected to display panel 10 pad 14.

[00164] The display circuit board 30 transmits a signal or power from a controller to the display panel 10. A control signal generated by the controller can be transmitted to the gate drive circuit through the display circuit board 30. In addition, the controller can supply a first ELVDD supply voltage (see figure 9) and a second ELVSS supply voltage (see figure 9) to the first power supply wiring 15 and the second power supply wiring 16, respectively. The first ELVDD supply voltage (hereinafter referred to as the drive voltage) can be supplied to each subpixel circuit PC via a drive voltage line PL connected to the first power supply wiring 15, and the second ELVSS supply voltage (hereinafter referred to as the common voltage) can be supplied to a common electrode of the light-emitting diode LED connected to the second power supply wiring 16.The first power supply wire 15 may extend in the first direction (x-axis direction). The second power supply wire 16 may have a loop shape with one open side and may be partially around (e.g., partially encircling) the DA display area.

[00165] A data signal from data driver 20 can be transmitted to the PC subpixel circuit via a DL data line electrically connected to the IL input line.

[00166] Figure 9 is a circuit diagram that schematically illustrates a single-subpixel PC subpixel circuit arranged in a display area shown in Figure 8.

[00167] As illustrated in Figure 9, the LED light-emitting diode can be electrically connected to the PC subpixel circuit.

[00168] The PC subpixel circuit may include a first transistor. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 48 / 299 40 / 113 thin-film transistor T1, a second thin-film transistor T2, a third thin-film transistor T3, a fourth thin-film transistor T4, a fifth thin-film transistor T5, a sixth thin-film transistor T6, a seventh thin-film transistor T7, and a storage capacitor Cst.

[00169] @@The second thin-film transistor T2, which is a switching thin-film transistor, can be connected to the SL sweep line and the DL data line, and can transmit a data voltage (or a data signal Dm) from the DL data line to the first thin-film transistor T1, based on a switching voltage (or a sweep signal Sn) from the SL sweep line where men are natural numbers excluding 0. The storage capacitor Cst can be connected to the gate electrode of the first thin-film transistor T1 and to the PL drive voltage line, and can store a voltage corresponding to the difference between the voltage at the gate electrode of the first thin-film transistor T1 and the ELVDD supply voltage provided to the PL drive voltage line.

[00170] The first thin-film transistor T1, which acts as a drive transistor, can be connected to the drive voltage line PL and the storage capacitor Cst, and can control the drive current flowing from the drive voltage line PL to the light-emitting diode LED, in response to a value of the voltage stored in the capacitor Cst. The light-emitting diode LED can emit light with a suitable luminance (e.g., a preset luminance) caused by the drive current. A second electrode (e.g., a cathode) of the light-emitting diode LED can receive the second supply voltage ELVSS.

[00171] The third thin-film transistor T3 is a compensating thin-film transistor, and the gate electrode of the third thin-film transistor T3 can be connected to the SL sweep line. The Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 49 / 299 The source electrode (or drain electrode) of the third thin-film transistor T3 can be connected to the drain electrode (or source electrode) of the first thin-film transistor T1, and can be connected to the first electrode of the light-emitting diode (LED) via the sixth thin-film transistor T6. The drain electrode (or source electrode) of the third thin-film transistor T3 can be connected to an electrode of the storage capacitor Cst, to the source electrode (or drain electrode) of the fourth thin-film transistor T4, and to the gate electrode of the first thin-film transistor T1. When the third thin-film transistor T3 is switched on, in response to the sweep signal Sn received through the sweep line SL, the third thin-film transistor T3 connects to the first thin-film transistor T1 by connecting the gate electrode and the drain electrode of the first thin-film transistor T1.

[00172] The gate electrode of the fourth thin-film transistor T4, which is a startup thin-film transistor, can be connected to a front sweep line SL-1. The drain electrode (or the source electrode) of the fourth thin-film transistor T4 can be connected to a startup voltage line VL. The source electrode (or the drain electrode) of the fourth thin-film transistor T4 can be connected to an electrode of the storage capacitor Cst, to the drain electrode (or the source electrode) of the third thin-film transistor T3, and to the gate electrode of the first thin-film transistor T1.The fourth thin-film transistor T4 can be turned on in response to a previous sweep signal Sn-1 received through the previous sweep line SL-1, and can perform a startup operation by initializing the gate electrode voltage of the first thin-film transistor T1 by supplying a startup voltage Vint to the gate electrode of the first thin-film transistor T1.

[00173] The gate electrode of the fifth thin-film transistor T5, Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, p. 50 / 299 42 / 113, which is an operating control thin-film transistor, can be connected to an EL emission control line. The source electrode (or drain electrode) of the fifth thin-film transistor T5 can be connected to the drive voltage line PL. The drain electrode (or source electrode) of the fifth thin-film transistor T5 is connected to the source electrode (or drain electrode) of the first thin-film transistor T1 and to the drain electrode (or source electrode) of the second thin-film transistor T2.

[00174] The gate electrode of the sixth thin-film transistor T6, which is an emission control thin-film transistor, can be connected to the EL emission control line. The source electrode (or drain electrode) of the sixth thin-film transistor T6 can be connected to the drain electrode (or source electrode) of the first thin-film transistor T1 and to the source electrode (or drain electrode) of the third thin-film transistor T3. The drain electrode (or source electrode) of the sixth thin-film transistor T6 can be electrically connected to the first electrode of the LED light-emitting diode.The fifth thin-film transistor T5 and the sixth thin-film transistor T6 can be switched on simultaneously in response to an emission control signal En received through the emission control line EL, and thus, the first supply voltage ELVDD is provided to the light-emitting diode LED and the drive current flows through the light-emitting diode LED.

[00175] The seventh thin-film transistor T7 can be a starting thin-film transistor to initialize the first electrode of the LED. The gate electrode of the seventh thin-film transistor T7 can be connected to the next SL+1 sweep line. The source electrode (or drain electrode) of the seventh thin-film transistor T7 can be connected to the first electrode of the LED. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, p. 51 / 299 43 / 113 LED light. The drain electrode (or the source electrode) of the seventh thin-film transistor T7 can be connected to the startup voltage line VL. The seventh thin-film transistor T7 can be switched on in response to a next sweep signal Sn+1 received through the next sweep line SL+1 and can initialize the first electrode of the LED.

[00176] Referring to Figure 9, it is illustrated that the fourth thin-film transistor T4 and the seventh thin-film transistor T7 are connected respectively to the previous sweep line SL-1 and the next sweep line SL+1, but, in another embodiment, both the fourth thin-film transistor T4 and the seventh thin-film transistor T7 can be connected to the previous sweep line SL-1 and can be driven according to the previous sweep signal Sn-1.

[00177] The other electrode of the storage capacitor Cst can be connected to the drive voltage line PL. One electrode of the storage capacitor Cst can be connected to the gate electrode of the first thin-film transistor T1, to the drain electrode (or source electrode) of the third thin-film transistor T3, and to the source electrode (or drain electrode) of the fourth thin-film transistor T4.

[00178] The second electrode (e.g., the cathode) of the LED receives the second supply voltage ELVSS. The LED emits light when it receives the drive current from the first thin-film transistor T1.

[00179] The LED light-emitting diode can be an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) that includes an organic material as the light-emitting material. In another embodiment, the light-emitting diode can be an inorganic light-emitting diode that includes an inorganic material. The inorganic light-emitting diode can include a PN junction diode that Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 52 / 299 44 / 113 includes inorganic semiconductor materials. When a voltage is applied to a PN junction diode in the forward direction, holes and electrons can be injected, and the energy generated by the recombination of holes and electrons can be converted into light energy to emit light of a suitable color (e.g., a predefined color). The inorganic light-emitting diode can have a width of a few to hundreds of micrometers, or a few to hundreds of nanometers. In one or more embodiments, the LED light-emitting diode may include a quantum dot light-emitting diode. As described above, the emission layer of an LED light-emitting diode may include an organic material, an inorganic material, quantum dots, an organic material and quantum dots, or an inorganic material and quantum dots. For ease of description, a case where the LED light-emitting diode includes an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) will be described.

[00180] Referring to Figure 9, the PC subpixel circuit includes seven transistors and one capacitor, but in another implementation, the subpixel processing circuit may include two or more transistors and two or more capacitors. Furthermore, the design of the subpixel processing circuit is not limited to that illustrated in Figure 9 and can be modified in various ways.

[00181] The first to seventh thin-film transistors T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 can be of various transistor types. In one or more embodiments, as shown in Figure 9, all thin-film transistors from one to seven, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7, can be p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) (PMOSs). In another embodiment, at least one of the thin-film transistors from one to seven, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, or T7, can be a PMOS, and the others can be n-channel MOSFETs (NMOSs). In yet another embodiment, all thin-film transistors from one to seven, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7, can be NMOSs. The positions of Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, p. 53 / 299 45 / 113 sources and drains are interchangeable depending on the type (p-type or n-type) of the transistor.

[00182] All of the first through seventh thin-film transistors T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 in Figure 9 may be transistors that include a low-temperature silicon semiconductor. Here, the seven thin-film transistors T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 are not limited to this, and at least one of them may be a transistor with a low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) semiconductor layer, while the others may be transistors with an oxide semiconductor layer. Alternatively, all seven thin-film transistors T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 may be transistors with an oxide semiconductor layer.

[00183] Figure 10A is a cross-sectional view that schematically illustrates a portion of the display apparatus shown in Figure 6.

[00184] Referring to Figure 10A, the display apparatus may include the display panel 10, including the substrate 100, a display layer 200, an encapsulation layer 400, a touch sensor layer 500, an anti-reflective layer 600, an OCA adhesive layer and the cover window 70.

[00185] Substrate 100 may include glass and / or polymeric resin. For example, the polymeric resin may include polyethersulfone, polyacrylate, polyetherimide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyimide, polycarbonate and / or cellulose acetate-propionate. Substrate 100, including the polymeric resin, may exhibit flexible characteristics, being able to be rolled and / or folded. Substrate 100 may form a multilayer structure, including a polymeric resin layer and an inorganic layer.

[00186] Display layer 200 may include a film transistor Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 54 / 299 46 / 113 thin cell electrically connected to a light-emitting diode, for example, an organic light-emitting diode, and insulating layers arranged between them.

[00187] In one or more embodiments, display panel 10 may also include a low-reflection layer over display layer 200, and encapsulation layer 400 may be placed over the low-reflection layer. For example, display layer 200 and / or the low-reflection layer may be encapsulated with encapsulation layer 400. In one or more embodiments, the low-reflection layer may be omitted. In this case, encapsulation layer 400 may be placed directly over display layer 200. Encapsulation layer 400 may include at least one inorganic encapsulation layer and at least one organic encapsulation layer.

[00188] In one or more embodiments, an encapsulation substrate including glassy material may be disposed of instead of the encapsulation layer 400. The encapsulation substrate may be disposed over the display layer 200, and the display layer 200 may be disposed between the substrate 100 and the encapsulation substrate. There may be a gap between the encapsulation substrate and the display layer 200, which may be filled with a filler material.

[00189] The touch sensor layer 500 can be arranged on top of the encapsulation layer 400. The touch sensor layer 500 can detect an external input, for example, the touch of an object such as a finger or a stylus, and thus allow the display device to obtain coordinate information corresponding to the location of the touch. The touch sensor layer 500 can include a touch electrode and track rows connected to that electrode. The touch sensor layer 500 can detect the external input by means of Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 55 / 299 47 / 113 of a mutual capacitance scheme (e.g., mutual capacitance) or a self-capacitance scheme (e.g., self-capacitance).

[00190] The touch sensor layer 500 can be placed directly on the encapsulation layer 400. Alternatively, the touch sensor layer 500 can be formed separately and then adhered to the encapsulation layer 400 by means of an adhesive layer, such as an optically transparent adhesive.

[00191] The 600 anti-reflective layer can be placed over the 500 touch sensor layer. The 600 anti-reflective layer can reduce the reflectivity of incident external light from the outside to the display device through the 70 cover window.

[00192] The 600 anti-reflective layer may include a light-blocking layer and / or color filters. The color filters may be arranged by considering the colors of the light beams emitted by the light-emitting diodes of the 200 display layer.

[00193] The 70 cover window can be placed over the 600 anti-reflective layer. The 70 cover window can protect the covered layers. The 70 cover window can be formed separately and then adhered to the 600 anti-reflective layer by means of an OCA adhesive layer, placed between the 600 anti-reflective layer and the 70 cover window. The OCA adhesive layer can be, for example, an optically transparent adhesive. Alternatively, the 70 cover window can be formed directly over the 600 anti-reflective layer.

[00194] In one or more embodiments, the touch sensor layer 500 can be arranged over the anti-reflective layer 600. In this case, the anti-reflective layer 600 can be arranged over the encapsulation layer 400, and the touch sensor layer 500, the adhesive layer. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 56 / 299 48 / 113 OCA sensor and the 70 coverage window can be arranged sequentially on the 600 anti-reflective layer. Hereafter, for ease of description, the case where the 600 anti-reflective layer is arranged on the 500 touch sensor layer will be presented primarily.

[00195] Figure 10B is a cross-sectional view that schematically illustrates the display panel 10, the OCA adhesive layer, and the cover window 70, taken along line BB' of Figure 8.

[00196] Referring to Figure 10B, the display apparatus may include the display panel, including the substrate 100, the display layer 200, the encapsulation layer 400, the touch sensor layer 500, and the anti-reflective layer 600, the OCA adhesive layer, and the cover window 70.

[00197] The display apparatus may include a plurality of subpixels arranged in the display area DA (see Figure 8). Each of the subpixels may emit red, green, or blue light. The plurality of subpixels may include subpixels such as a first subpixel, a second subpixel, and a third subpixel, which emit light of different colors. Each of the subpixels may be provided in multiples. In one or more embodiments, the first subpixel may be a red subpixel Pr capable of emitting red light, the second subpixel may be a green subpixel Pg capable of emitting green light, and the third subpixel may be a blue subpixel Pb capable of emitting blue light.

[00198] Display layer 200 can be placed on substrate 100. Display layer 200 can include a subpixel circuit layer and a light-emitting diode layer. The subpixel circuit layer can include a TFT thin-film transistor and can include a buffer layer 201, a gate insulator layer 203, an intermediate insulator layer 205, and a planarization layer 207.

[00199] Buffer layer 201 can be placed on the substrate Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 57 / 299 49 / 113 100 and thus prevent the penetration of foreign substances, moisture and / or outside air from below the substrate 100, as well as providing a flat surface over the substrate 100. The buffer layer 201 may include an inorganic material, such as an oxide and / or a nitride, an organic material or an organic / inorganic composite material, and may have a single-layer or multi-layer structure, including an inorganic material and / or an organic material. A barrier layer that prevents the infiltration of outside air may be included between the substrate 100 and the buffer layer 201. For example, the buffer layer 201 may include silicon oxide and / or silicon nitride.

[00200] The thin-film transistor (TFT) can be arranged on the buffer layer 201. The TFT can include a semiconductor layer ACT, a gate electrode GE, a source electrode SE, and a drain electrode DE. The TFT can be connected to an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and can drive the OLED.

[00201] The ACT semiconductor layer can be arranged over the buffer layer 201. The ACT semiconductor layer can include polycrystalline silicon and / or amorphous silicon. Alternatively, the ACT semiconductor layer can include an oxide of indium (In), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), zirconium (Zr), vanadium (V), hafnium (Hf), cadmium (Cd), germanium (Ge), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti) and / or zinc (Zn). The ACT semiconductor layer can include a channel region, a source region and a drain region doped with impurities.

[00202] The gate electrode GE, the source electrode SE, and the drain electrode DE may include various conductive materials. In one or more embodiments, the gate electrode GE may include molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), and / or titanium (Ti). For example, the gate electrode GE may include a single layer of molybdenum (Mo) or a triple-layer structure including a layer of molybdenum (Mo), a layer of aluminum (Al), and a layer of molybdenum (Mo). In Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 58 / 299 50 / 113 In one or more embodiments, the source electrode SE and the drain electrode DE may include at least one material selected from copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), or aluminum (Al). For example, the source electrode SE and the drain electrode DE may each include a triple-layer structure, including a layer of titanium (Ti), a layer of aluminum (Al), and a layer of titanium (Ti).

[00203] The gate insulating layer 203 can be arranged between the semiconductor layer ACT and the gate electrode GE, so as to allow the semiconductor layer ACT to be isolated from the gate electrode GE. The intermediate insulating layer 205 can be arranged over the gate electrode GE, and the source electrode SE and the drain electrode DE can be arranged over the intermediate insulating layer 205.

[00204] Each of the gate insulating layer 203 and the intermediate insulating layer 205 may include an inorganic material, such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride and / or silicon oxynitride. The gate insulating layer 203 and the intermediate insulating layer 205 may be formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and / or atomic layer deposition (ALD).

[00205] Planarization layer 207 can be applied over the thin-film transistor (TFT). To provide a flat top surface, planarization layer 207 can be formed and then mechanically polished. Planarization layer 207 can include general-purpose polymers (e.g., photosensitive polyimide, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), benzocyclobutene (BCB), HMDSO, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and / or polystyrene (PS)), phenolic group polymer derivatives, acrylic polymers, imide-based polymers, aryl ether-based polymers, amide-based polymers, fluorine-based polymers, p-xylene-based polymers, and / or vinyl alcohol-based polymers. As illustrated in Figure 10B, planarization layer 207 Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 59 / 299 Figure 51 / 113 shows it as a single layer, but in one or more embodiments, planarization layer 207 may exhibit multiple layers. The first, second, and third subpixel electrodes 210R, 210G, and 210B of each of the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and third organic light-emitting diode OLED3, which constitute a first display element, a second display element, and a third display element, may be electrically connected to the thin-film transistor TFT through a contact hole in planarization layer 207. In this sense, the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 or the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 may include a distinct first display element or a distinct second display element, as described below.

[00206] The light-emitting diode layer can be arranged over the subpixel circuit layer. In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting diode layer can include the first, second, and third organic light-emitting diodes OLED1, OLED2, and OLED3, an insulation layer 225, and a spacer 227.

[00207] The first, second, and third organic light-emitting diodes, OLED1, OLED2, and OLED3, can be arranged in the subpixel circuit layer. The first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 can include a first subpixel electrode 210R, a first intermediate layer 220R, including a first common layer 221, a first emission layer 222R, and a second common layer 223, and an opposite electrode 230. The second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 can include a stacked structure of a second subpixel electrode 210G, a second intermediate layer 220G, including the first common layer 221, a second emission layer 222G, and the second common layer 223, and the opposite electrode 230. The third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 can include a third electrode Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 60 / 299 52 / 113 subpixel 210B, a third intermediate layer 220B, including the first common layer 221, a third emission layer 222B and the second common layer 223, and the opposite electrode 230. In the above case, the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 can be a first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, or a second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, as shown in Figures 11A, 11B, 14, 15, 16 or 17, to be described below.

[00208] The first, second, and third subpixel electrodes, 210R, 210G, and 210B, can be arranged in the planarization layer 207. The first, second, and third subpixel electrodes, 210R, 210G, and 210B, can be arranged so that they are spaced (e.g., separated) from each other.

[00209] The first, second, and third subpixel electrodes of 210R, 210G, and 210B may be reflection electrodes. The first, second, and third subpixel electrodes of 210R, 210G, and 210B may include a reflection layer composed of silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), or any compound thereof, and a transparent or translucent conductive layer formed over the reflection layer. The transparent or translucent conductive layer may include at least one material selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide (In2O3), indium gallium oxide (IGO), or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO).

[00210] The insulation layer 225 can be placed over the first, second, and third subpixel electrodes 210R, 210G, and 210B. The insulation layer 225 can have first, second, and third lower openings 225OP1, 225OP2, and 225OP3 that respectively overlap the upper portions of the first, second, and third subpixel electrodes 210R, 210G, and 210B and expose, respectively, the central portions of the first, second, and third subpixel electrodes. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, p. 61 / 299 53 / 113 210R, 210G and 210B. The insulation layer 225 can cover the edges of the first, second and third subpixel electrodes 210R, 210G and 210B, and can increase the space between the edges of the first, second and third subpixel electrodes 210R, 210G and 210B and the opposite electrode 230, thus preventing the occurrence of an electric arc at the edges of the first, second and third subpixel electrodes 210R, 210G and 210B.

[00211] The first, second, and third lower apertures 225OP1, 225OP2, and 225OP3 of the 225 insulation layer can define the first, second, and third emission areas EA1, EA2, and EA3 of the first, second, and third organic light-emitting diode OLED1, second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 included in each subpixel, respectively.As shown in Figure 10B, the insulation layer 225 may include the first bottom aperture 225OP1 which defines the first emission area EA1 of the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 of the first subpixel. Additionally, the insulation layer 225 may include the second bottom aperture 225OP2 which defines the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 of the second subpixel, and the third bottom aperture 225OP3 which defines the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 of the third subpixel.

[00212] The insulation layer 225 may include an organic insulating material. Alternatively, the insulation layer 225 may include an inorganic insulating material, such as silicon nitride and / or silicon oxide. In one or more embodiments, the insulation layer 225 may include an organic insulating material and / or an inorganic insulating material.

[00213] In one or more embodiments, insulation layer 225 may include a light-blocking material. For example, the light-blocking material of insulation layer 225 may be black in color. The Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, p. 62 / 299 54 / 113 Light-blocking material may include a resin or paste containing carbon black, carbon nanotubes, a black dye, metallic particles such as nickel, aluminum, molybdenum and / or any alloy thereof, metal oxide particles and / or metal nitride particles, etc. When the insulation layer 225 includes the light-blocking material, the reflection of external light due to metallic structures arranged under the insulation layer 225 can be reduced.

[00214] The spacer 227 can be disposed over the insulation layer 225. The spacer 227 can include an organic insulating material, such as polyimide. Alternatively, the spacer 227 can include an inorganic insulating material, such as silicon nitride and / or silicon oxide, or it can include both an organic and an inorganic insulating material. In one or more embodiments, the spacer 227 can include a material other than the insulation layer 225, including the light-blocking material, and can be formed in a separate process.

[00215] In another embodiment, the spacer 227 and the insulation layer 225 may include the same material. In this case, the insulation layer 225 and the spacer 227 may be formed together in a masking process using a halftone mask and / or similar.

[00216] An intermediate layer may be disposed over the first, second, and third subpixel electrodes 210R, 210G, and 210B and the insulation layer 225. In one or more embodiments, the intermediate layer may also be disposed over the spacer 227. As described above, the intermediate layer may include the first common layer 221, an emission layer (e.g., the first, second, and third emission layers 222R, 222G, 222B), and the second common layer 223.

[00217] The first, second, and third emission layers 222R, 222G, and 222B can be arranged in the first, second, and third Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 63 / 299 55 / 113 lower openings 225OP1, 225OP2 and 2225OP3 of the insulation layer 225 respectively. Each of the first, second and third emission layers 222R, 222G and 222B may contain an organic material, including a fluorescent and / or phosphorescent material capable of emitting red, green or blue light. The organic material mentioned may be a small molecule or an organic polymer.

[00218] The first common layer 221 and the second common layer 223 may be arranged respectively below and above the emission layer (e.g., the first, second, and third emission layers 222R, 222G, 222B). The first common layer 221 may include a hole transport layer (HTL) or may include the HTL and a hole injection layer (HIL). The second common layer 223 may include an electron transport layer (ETL) or may include the ETL and an electron injection layer (EIL). In one or more embodiments, the second common layer 223 may not be provided.

[00219] The emission layer is arranged in each subpixel in such a way as to correspond to the first, second and third lower apertures 225OP1, 225OP2 and 225OP3 of the isolation layer 225, while the first common layer 221 and the second common layer 223 can be formed integrally to completely cover the substrate 100. In other words, the first common layer 221 and the second common layer 223 can be formed integrally to completely cover the DA display area of ​​the substrate 100.

[00220] The opposite electrode 230 can be a cathode, that is, an electron injection electrode. The opposite electrode 230 can include a conductive material with a low work function. For example, the opposite electrode 230 can include a (semi)transparent layer composed of silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), lithium (Li), calcium Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 64 / 299 56 / 113 (Ca) and / or any alloy thereof. Alternatively, the opposite electrode 230 may also include a layer of ITO, IZO, ZnO and / or In2O3 over the (semi)transparent layer composed of the material described above.

[00221] In one or more embodiments, a 240° covering layer can be placed over the 200° display layer. The 240° covering layer can be placed over the first, second, and third organic light-emitting diodes (OLED1), second organic light-emitting diodes (OLED2), and third organic light-emitting diodes (OLED3). In one or more embodiments, the 240° covering layer can increase the emission efficiency of the first, second, and third organic light-emitting diodes (OLED1), second organic light-emitting diodes (OLED2), and third organic light-emitting diodes (OLED3) due to a principle of constructive interference.

[00222] Coating layer 240 may be an organic coating layer, including an organic material, an inorganic coating layer, including an inorganic material, or a composite coating layer, including an organic material and an inorganic material. For example, coating layer 240 may include a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, a compound containing an amine group, porphyrin derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine derivatives, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and / or the compound containing the amine group may optionally be substituted with substituents, including O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof.

[00223] The encapsulation layer 400 can be arranged over the covering layer 240. The encapsulation layer 400 can include at least one inorganic encapsulation layer and at least one organic encapsulation layer. For example, as shown in Figure 10B, the encapsulation layer 400 can Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 65 / 299 57 / 113 include a first inorganic encapsulation layer 410, an organic encapsulation layer 420, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer 430, which are stacked sequentially.

[00224] The first inorganic encapsulation layer 410 and the second inorganic encapsulation layer 430 may each include an inorganic insulating material, such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, zinc oxide, etc. The first inorganic encapsulation layer 410 and the second inorganic encapsulation layer 430 may be single-layer or multi-layer, including the aforementioned inorganic insulating material.

[00225] The organic encapsulation layer 420 can reduce the internal stress of the first inorganic encapsulation layer 410 and / or the second inorganic encapsulation layer 430. The organic encapsulation layer 420 may include a polymer-based material. For example, the organic encapsulation layer 420 may include polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, hexamethyldisiloxane polyarylate, an acrylate-based resin (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, etc.) or any combination thereof.

[00226] The encapsulation layer 400 may have a multilayer structure composed of a first inorganic encapsulation layer 410, an organic encapsulation layer 420, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer 430. In this case, even if a crack occurs in the encapsulation layer 400, the crack may not propagate between the first inorganic encapsulation layer 410 and the organic encapsulation layer 420, nor between the organic encapsulation layer 420 and the second layer 430. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 66 / 299 58 / 113 Inorganic encapsulation layer 430. The encapsulation layer 400 can prevent or minimize the penetration of external moisture and / or oxygen into the DA display area.

[00227] The touch sensor layer 500 can be arranged over the encapsulation layer 400. The touch sensor layer 500 can include a first touch electrode MT1, a first insulating touch layer 510, a second touch electrode MT2, and a second insulating touch layer 520. The first touch electrode MT1 can be arranged directly over the encapsulation layer 400. For example, the first touch electrode MT1 can be arranged directly over the second inorganic encapsulation layer 430 of the encapsulation layer 400. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

[00228] In one or more embodiments, the touch sensor layer 500 may include an insulating layer disposed between the first touch electrode MT1 and the encapsulation layer 400. Here, the insulating layer may be disposed over the second inorganic encapsulation layer 430 of the encapsulation layer 400 and thus may create a surface where the first touch electrode MT1, etc., will be disposed. The insulating layer may include an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, etc. In one or more embodiments, the insulating layer may include an organic insulating material.

[00229] The first insulating contact layer 510 may be disposed over the first contact electrode MT1. The first insulating contact layer 510 may include an inorganic material and / or an organic material. When the first insulating contact layer 510 includes an inorganic material, it may include at least one material selected from silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, oxide Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 67 / 299 59 / 113 aluminum, titanium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, or silicon oxynitride. When the first insulating contact layer 510 includes an organic material, it may include at least one material selected from an acrylic-based resin, a methacrylate-based resin, polyisoprene, a vinyl-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, a urethane-based resin, a cellulose-based resin, or a perylene-based resin.

[00230] The second touch electrode MT2 can be placed on the first touch insulating layer 510. The second touch electrode MT2 can serve as a sensor to detect user touch input. The first touch electrode MT1 can serve as a connector to connect the second touch electrode MT2 in one direction. In one or more embodiments, both the first touch electrode MT1 and the second touch electrode MT2 can serve as sensors. In this case, the first touch electrode MT1 and the second touch electrode MT2 can be electrically connected to each other via a contact hole. When both touch electrodes MT1 and MT2 serve as sensors, the resistance of one touch electrode can decrease, allowing user touch input to be detected quickly.

[00231] In one or more embodiments, the first contact electrode MT1 and the second contact electrode MT2 may have a structure, for example, a mesh structure, through which the light emitted by an organic light-emitting diode can be transmitted. In this sense, the first contact electrode MT1 and the second contact electrode MT2 may be arranged so as not to overlap each emission area of ​​an organic light-emitting diode.

[00232] The first contact electrode MT1 and the second contact electrode MT2 may include a metallic layer or a transparent conductive layer. The metallic layer may include molybdenum (Mo), Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 68 / 299 60 / 113 silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al) and / or an alloy thereof. The transparent conductive layer may include transparent conductive oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc., conductive polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), metallic nanowires, carbon nanotubes, graphene and / or similar materials.

[00233] The second insulating contact layer 520 may be disposed over the second contact electrode MT2. The second insulating contact layer 520 may include an inorganic material and / or an organic material. When the second insulating contact layer 520 includes an inorganic material, it may include at least one material selected from silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, or silicon oxynitride. When the second 520 insulating contact layer includes an organic material, it may include at least one material selected from an acrylic-based resin, a methacrylic-based resin, polyisoprene, a vinyl-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, a urethane-based resin, a cellulose-based resin, or a perylene-based resin.

[00234] In one or more embodiments, the touch sensor layer 500 may include the first touch electrode MT1, the first touch insulating layer 510 and the second touch electrode MT2, but may not include the second touch insulating layer 520. In this case, the anti-reflective layer 600 may be provided to cover the second touch electrode MT2.

[00235] The 600 anti-reflective layer can be placed over the 500 touch sensor layer.

[00236] Referring to Figure 10B, the anti-reflective layer 600 may include a light-blocking layer 610 and a plurality of filters. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 69 / 299 61 / 113 color. In one or more embodiments, the 600 anti-reflective layer may include a first, second, and third color filter 620R, 620G, and 620B, which have different colors and correspond respectively to the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3. Each of the 620R, 620G, and 620B color filters may be supplied in multiples.

[00237] The 610 light-blocking layer may include a first, second, and third top aperture, 610OP1, 610OP2, and 610OP3, which correspond, respectively, to the first, second, and third subpixels. The first top aperture 610OP1 corresponds to the first emission area EA1, the second top aperture 610OP2 corresponds to the second emission area EA2, and the third top aperture 610OP3 corresponds to the third emission area EA3. The light beams emitted by the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 may be emitted through the first, second, and third top apertures 610OP1, 610OP2, and 610OP3 of the 610 light-blocking layer, respectively.

[00238] The first upper aperture 610OP1 of the light-blocking layer 610 can overlap the first lower aperture 225OP1 of the margin layer 225, the second upper aperture 610OP2 can overlap the second lower aperture 225OP2, and the third upper aperture 610OP3 can overlap the third lower aperture 225OP3.

[00239] In this descriptive report, the width (or size) of each pixel may indicate the width (or size) of an emission area of ​​an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) that constitutes each subpixel, and the width (or size) of the emission area may be defined by the width (or size) of a bottom aperture included in the insulation layer 225. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 70 / 299 62 / 113

[00240] In one or more embodiments, the width (or size) of each of the first, second, and third upper apertures 610OP1, 610OP2, and 610OP3 of the light-blocking layer 610 may be defined so as to be greater than (for example, it may be greater than) the width (or size) of a corresponding subpixel among the first, second, and third subpixels. That is, the width (or size) of each of the first, second, and third upper apertures 610OP1, 610OP2, and 610OP3 of the light-blocking layer 610 may be greater than the width (or size) of each of the first, second, and third lower apertures 225OP1, 225OP2, and 225OP3 of the isolation layer 225.

[00241] In one or more embodiments, the width (or size) of each of the first, second, and third upper apertures 610OP1, 610OP2, and 610OP3 of the light-blocking layer 610 may be substantially equal to the width (or size) of a corresponding subpixel among the first, second, and third subpixels. That is, the width (or size) of each of the first, second, and third upper apertures 610OP1, 610OP2, and 610OP3 of the light-blocking layer 610 may be substantially equal to the width (or size) of each of the first, second, and third lower apertures 225OP1, 225OP2, and 225OP3 of the isolation layer 225.

[00242] The 610 light-blocking layer may include an organic insulating material. Alternatively, the 610 light-blocking layer may include an inorganic insulating material, such as silicon nitride and / or silicon oxide. In one or more embodiments, the 610 light-blocking layer may include an organic insulating material and / or an inorganic insulating material.

[00243] In one or more embodiments, the 610 light-blocking layer may include a light-blocking material. For example, the light-blocking material of the 610 layer may be black. The material of Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 71 / 299 63 / 113 light blocking may include a resin or paste containing carbon black, carbon nanotubes, a black dye, metallic particles such as nickel, aluminum, molybdenum and / or any alloy thereof, metal oxide particles and / or metal nitride particles, etc. Because the 610 light blocking layer includes the light blocking material, the reflection of external light due to metallic structures arranged under the 610 light blocking layer can be reduced.

[00244] The first, second, and third color filters 620R, 620G, and 620B can be arranged respectively in the first, second, and third upper apertures 610OP1, 610OP2, and 610OP3 of the light-blocking layer 610. The first, second, and third color filters 620R, 620G, and 620B can have colors corresponding to the light beams emitted by the first, second, and third emission areas EA1, EA2, and EA3, respectively. In one or more embodiments, when red light is emitted by the first emission area EA1, the first color filter 620R can be a red color filter; when green light is emitted by the second emission area EA2, the second color filter 620G can be a green color filter; and when blue light is emitted by the third emission area EA3, the third color filter 620B can be a blue color filter.

[00245] The anti-reflective layer 600 may also include an overlay layer 630. The overlay layer 630 may be applied over the light-blocking layer 610 and / or over the first, second, and third color filters 620R, 620G, and 620B. The overlay layer 630 may level the top surfaces of the light-blocking layer 610 and / or the first, second, and third color filters 620R, 620G, and 620B. The overlay layer 630 is a colorless light-transmitting layer, with no color in the visible spectrum. The overlay layer 630 may include a colorless organic light-transmitting material, such as acrylic-based resin. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 72 / 299 64 / 113

[00246] The 70 cover window can be placed over the 630 insulation layer, with the OCA adhesive layer between them.

[00247] Figure 10C is a cross-sectional view that schematically illustrates the display panel 10, the OCA adhesive layer, and the cover window 70, taken along line BB' of Figure 8. Figure 10C illustrates a modified embodiment of the anti-reflective layer 600 of Figure 10B. The main differences will be described below.

[00248] As illustrated in Figure 10C, the anti-reflective layer 600 may not include the light-blocking layer 610 (see Figure 10B) and may include only a plurality of color filters.

[00249] In one or more embodiments, the third color filter 620B, the first color filter 620R and the second color filter 620G can be stacked sequentially in a direction (z-axis direction) away from the substrate 100.

[00250] The third color filter 620B can transmit most of the blue light and block most of the red and / or green light. The third color filter 620B may have a third aperture 620BOP corresponding to the second emission area EA2 and the first emission area EA1. The third color filter 620B includes the third aperture 620BOP, thus allowing the green and red light emitted respectively by the second emission area EA2 and the first emission area EA1 to not be blocked. Most of the blue light emitted by the third emission area EA3 can pass through the third color filter 620B and be emitted externally.

[00251] The first 620R color filter can transmit most of the red light and block most of the blue and / or green light. The first 620R color filter can be placed over the third 620B color filter to fill one of the 620BOP apertures of the third 620B color filter, corresponding to the first emission area EA1. The first Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 73 / 299 The 65 / 113 620R color filter may have first 620ROP apertures corresponding to the second emission area EA2 and the third emission area EA3. The first 620R color filter includes the first 620ROP apertures, thus allowing the green and blue light emitted respectively by the second emission area EA2 and the third emission area EA3 to not be blocked. Most of the red light emitted by the first emission area EA1 can pass through the first 620R color filter and be emitted externally.

[00252] The second 620G color filter can transmit most of the green light and block most of the red and / or blue light. The second 620G color filter can be placed over the first 620R color filter to fill the gaps between the third 620BOP apertures of the third 620B color filter and the first 620ROP apertures of the first 620R color filter, these gaps corresponding to the second emission area EA2. The second 620G color filter can have second 620GOP apertures that correspond to the first emission area EA1 and the third emission area EA3. The second 620G color filter includes the second 620GOP apertures, thus allowing the red and blue light emitted respectively by the first emission area EA1 and the third emission area EA3 to not be blocked. Most of the green light emitted by the second emission area EA2 can pass through the second color filter 620G and be emitted externally.

[00253] The 600 anti-reflective layer may have BP light-blocking portions in which the third, first, second, and third color filters 620B, 620R, and 620G are sequentially stacked in spaces between the first, second, and third emission areas EA1, EA2, and EA3 or in spaces between the subpixel electrodes 210R, 210G, and 210B. The BP light-blocking portions may block light, excluding the 610 light-blocking layer (see Figure 10B), which contains a material of Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 74 / 299 66 / 113 black light blocking. In addition, the reflection of external light from the display device can be reduced.

[00254] In one or more embodiments, the width (or size) of the first 620ROP aperture of the first 620R color filter, which overlaps the second EA2 emission area of ​​the second subpixel, may be greater than the width (or size) of the third 620BOP aperture of the third 620B color filter. The width (or size) of the second 620GOP aperture of the second 620G color filter, which overlaps the third EA3 emission area of ​​the third subpixel, may be greater than the width (or size) of the first 620ROP aperture of the first 620R color filter. The width (or size) of the second 620GOP aperture of the second 620G color filter, which overlaps the first EA1 emission area of ​​the first subpixel, may be greater than the width (or size) of the third 620BOP aperture of the third 620B color filter.

[00255] Next, a case will be described in which a display device includes the 600 anti-reflective layer of Figure 10B, but the same structure can also be applied to a display device that includes the 600 anti-reflective layer of Figure 10C.

[00256] Figures 11A and 11B are plan views that schematically illustrate the display area of ​​the display panel of Figure 6. Figures 12A and 12B are cross-sectional views that schematically illustrate a portion of the display panel, taken along line CC' of Figure 11A. The reference numbers of Figures 12A and 12B, which are the same (i.e., equal) as the reference numbers of Figures 10B and 10C, indicate the same elements as the elements of Figures 10B and 10C.

[00257] Referring to Figures 11A and 11B, the same number of display elements are arranged in the display area DA (see Figure 8), and the display area DA may include a plurality of unit areas PU arranged adjacent to each other in the area of Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 75 / 299 67 / 113 DA display.

[00258] Each unit area PU can include three display elements. For example, each unit area PU can include a first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, which is the first display element; a second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, which is the second display element; and a third organic light-emitting diode OLED3, which is the third display element. The first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 can emit light of different colors. For example, the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 can emit red light, the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 can emit green light, and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 can emit blue light.

[00259] In the above case, in one or more embodiments, one of the first organic light-emitting diodes OLED1, second organic light-emitting diodes OLED2, and third organic light-emitting diodes OLED3 may include a distinct display element. In particular, when it is assumed that a first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, a second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and a third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 are arranged in a unit area PU, the OLED with the lowest aperture ratio among them may be divided into two distinct display elements and arranged in the unit area PU.In another embodiment, when the difference between the opening rate of an organic light-emitting diode having the lowest opening rate among a first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, a second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and a third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 and the opening rate of an organic light-emitting diode having the lowest opening rate among a first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, a second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and a third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 is approximately... Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 76 / 299 68 / 113 of 10%, the organic light-emitting diode with the second lowest aperture rate can be divided into two distinct display elements and can be arranged in the unit area PU. To facilitate description, a case where a first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, a second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and a third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 are arranged in a unit area PU, the aperture rate of each organic light-emitting diode can increase in the following order: first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 will be described in detail.

[00260] A case in which a first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, a second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and a third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 are arranged in a unit area PU in order to determine whether an organic light-emitting diode will be divided into two distinct display elements. In this case, the respective opening ratios of the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 arranged in the unit area PU can be determined.The previously mentioned method for determining the beamwidth of each organic light-emitting diode can correspond to a method of calculating the planar area of ​​an emission area of ​​each organic light-emitting diode relative to the total area of ​​the unit area (PU), considering that the lifetime of the emission layer of each organic light-emitting diode and the brightness of each organic light-emitting diode correspond to a suitable brightness level (e.g., a predefined brightness). For example, the respective beamwidths of the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and the third. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 77 / 299 69 / 113 organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) arranged in the unit area per unit (PU) can correspond to the lifetime of the emission layer in an intermediate layer of each organic light-emitting diode. In detail, the emission area of ​​an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) that includes an emission layer with a shorter lifetime than another can be increased, and the voltage applied between the emission layers can be adjusted to a lower value than that of another OLED, so that the brightness of the OLED per unit area (PU) corresponds to the appropriate brightness (e.g., the preset brightness). Similarly, the emission area of ​​an OLED that includes an emission layer with a longer lifetime than another can be reduced, and the voltage applied between the emission layers can be adjusted to a higher value than that of another OLED, so that the brightness of the OLED per unit area (PU) corresponds to the appropriate brightness (e.g., the preset brightness).In this case, the voltage applied between the emitting layers can be within a suitable range (e.g., a predefined range). Therefore, the opening ratio of an organic light-emitting diode with the longest emitting layer lifetime can be minimal, while the opening ratio of an organic light-emitting diode with the shortest emitting layer lifetime can be maximal. In the above case, the opening ratio of each organic light-emitting diode can be calculated as the ratio between the planar areas of the respective emitting areas of the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 and a constant area (e.g., the total planar area of ​​the unit area PU).Furthermore, when each organic light-emitting diode has the same flat emission area and the same voltage is applied, the lifetime of an emission layer can be measured as the time it takes for the brightness of the light-emitting diode to decrease by half.

[00261] In the case above, the first organic light-emitting diode Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 78 / 299 70 / 113 OLED1 or the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 may include a distinct display element. For ease of description, the case where the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 includes a distinct display element will be presented in detail below.

[00262] Two distinct display elements may be arranged. For example, the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 may include the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, which is a first distinct display element, and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, which is a second distinct display element. The first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED11, the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 may be arranged so that they are spaced (i.e., separated) from each other in the unit area PU.In this sense, a first center Cr1 of a planar shape with emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, a second center Cr2 of a planar shape with emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, a third center Cg of a planar shape with emission area 2 EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and a fourth center Cb of a planar shape with emission area 3 EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 can be arranged at a vertex of an arbitrary quadrilateral. Here, the quadrilateral can be a square. Furthermore, one side of the quadrilateral can be half the length of the side of the planar shape with unit area PU. The planar shape with unit area PU can be a square.

[00263] One side (e.g., the long side or the short side) of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and / or one side (e.g., the long side or the short side) of the flat shape of the emission area 1-2 Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 79 / 299 71 / 113 The EA1-2 emission area of ​​the second distinct organic light-emitting diode (OLED1-2) can be arranged within a distance between two parallel sides of the planar shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode (OLED2) and / or two parallel sides of the planar shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode (OLED3). That is, similar to what is shown in Figure 14. As described below, a planar shape of the emission area EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and / or a planar shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 may be arranged within an arbitrary area formed when an arbitrary straight line extending from one side of the planar shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 intersects an arbitrary straight line extending from one side of the planar shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3.

[00264] In the case above, the first center Cr1 and the third center Cg can be arranged in a straight line relative to each other. Similarly, the first center Cr1 and the fourth center Cb can be arranged in a straight line relative to each other. The second center Cr2 and the third center Cg can be arranged in a straight line relative to each other. Similarly, the second center Cr2 and the fourth center Cb can be arranged in a straight line relative to each other. In this sense, a line passing through the first center Cr1 and the third center Cg and a line passing through the second center Cr2 and the fourth center Cb can be parallel to each other. Similarly, a line passing through the second center Cr2 and the third center Cg and a line passing through the first center Cr1 and the fourth center Cb can be parallel to each other. The line passing through the first center Cr1 and the third center Cg and Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, p. 80 / 299 72 / 113 The straight line passing through the second center Cr2 and the fourth center Cb can trisect one side of the planar shape of the unit area PU. Furthermore, the straight line passing through the second center Cr2 and the third center Cg, and the straight line passing through the first center Cr1 and the fourth center Cb, can trisect another side of the planar shape of the unit area PU.

[00265] The first center Cr1 and the second center Cr2 can be arranged in a serpentine or zigzag pattern in one direction. Furthermore, the first center Cr1 or the second center Cr2, respectively, arranged in adjacent unit areas PU, can be aligned in a straight line. Moreover, the line passing through the first center Cr1 and the fourth center Cb, and the line passing through the first center Cr1 and the third center Cg can be perpendicular to each other. The line passing through the second center Cr2 and the fourth center Cb, and the line passing through the second center Cr2 and the third center Cg, can be perpendicular to each other.

[00266] The first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be arranged diagonally relative to each other around the center of the unit area PU. For example, the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3, the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, and the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 can be arranged sequentially in a clockwise direction, as illustrated in Figures 11A and 11B. In this case, the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 can be arranged diagonally relative to each other around the center of the unit area PU.

[00267] In this case, the flat formats of an emission layer Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 81 / 299 73 / 113 1-1 222R-1, a 1-2 222R-2 emission layer, a second 222G emission layer, and a third 222B emission layer may correspond, respectively, to the planar shapes of the 1-1 EA1-1 emission area, the 1-2 EA1-2 emission area, the second EA2 emission area, and the third EA3 emission area. Here, the planar shapes of the 1-1 222R-1 emission layer, the 1-2 222R-2 emission layer, the second 222G emission layer, and the third 222B emission layer may be, respectively, larger than the planar shapes of the 1-1 EA1-1 emission area, the 1-2 EA1-2 emission area, the second EA2 emission area, and the third EA3 emission area.

[00268] In particular, in the above case, the 1-1 222R-1 emission layer and the 1-2 222R-2 emission layer can be arranged in a misaligned manner with respect to the center of the unit area PU, and an arbitrary straight line extending from a long side of the 1-1 222R-1 emission layer and an arbitrary straight line extending from a long side of the 1-2 222R-2 emission layer can be arranged perpendicular to each other, so that the total sum of the aperture rate of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the aperture rate of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED12, in which the 1-1 222R-1 and 1-2 222R-2 emission layers are arranged respectively, can be guaranteed (i.e., maximized).

[00269] In one or more embodiments, when the difference between the aperture rate of the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 and the aperture rate of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 is equal to or less than 10%, only one first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 may be arranged in the unit area PU, and the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 may include a third distinct organic light-emitting diode, which is a first distinct display element, and a fourth distinct organic light-emitting diode, which is a Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 82 / 299 74 / 113 second distinct display element. Here, the relationship between the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, the third distinct organic light-emitting diode, the fourth distinct organic light-emitting diode, and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 may be equal to or similar to the previously mentioned relationship between the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3.

[00270] Referring to Figures 12A and 12B, the first distinct organic light-emitting diode (OLED), OLED1-1, may include a subpixel electrode 1-1 210R-1, an intermediate layer 1-1 220R-1, and the opposite electrode 230. In this sense, the intermediate layer 1-1 220R-1 may include the first common layer 221, the emission layer 1-1 222R-1, and the second common layer 223. The dimension of the emission layer 1-1 222R-1 may be larger than that of the emission layer 1-1 EA1-1. The second distinct organic light-emitting diode (OLED), OLED1-2, may include a subpixel electrode 1-2, 210R-2, an intermediate layer 1-2, 220R-2, and the opposite electrode, 230. In this sense, the intermediate layer 1-2, 220R-2, may include the first common layer, 221, the emission layer 1-2, 222R-2, and the second common layer, 223. The planar shape of the emission layer 1-2, 222R-2, may be larger than that of the emission layer 1-2, EA1-2.In the case above, the emission layer 1-1, 222R-1, and the emission layer 1-2, 222R-2, may include the same material.

[00271] The planar shape of the emission area 1-1 (EA1-1) of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the planar shape of the emission area 1-2 (EA1-2) of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 may have an octagonal shape. Each of the planar shapes of the emission area 1-1 (EA1-1) of the first organic light-emitting diode Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 83 / 299 75 / 113 distinct light source OLED1-1 and the emission area 1-2 (EA1-2) of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 may have a long side and a short side. In the above case, an arbitrary straight line extending from the long side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 may intersect an arbitrary straight line extending from the long side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2. In particular, an arbitrary straight line extending from the long side of the flat shape of the emission area EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 may be perpendicular to the arbitrary straight line extending from the long side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2.In this way, the light emitted by each of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be viewed from various angles outside the display panel.

[00272] As shown in Figure 11A, a first distance DL1 from one long side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 to the flat shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 that is opposite the long side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, a second distance DL2 from one short side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 to the flat shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 that is opposite the short side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 84 / 299 76 / 113 a third distance DL3 from one long side of the flat shape of the A distance 1-2 of the emission area EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 to the flat shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3, which is facing the long side of the flat shape of the emission area EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, and a fourth distance DL4 from the short side of the flat shape of the emission area EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 to the flat shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, which is facing the short side of the flat shape of the emission area EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, may all be equal. Each display element described above may include an emission layer.In this sense, the shape of each emission layer can completely block the shape of the emission layer of each organic light-emitting diode. When the first distance DL1, the second distance DL2, the third distance DL3, and the fourth distance DL4 are equal, the emission layer of each organic light-emitting diode can be guaranteed (i.e., maximally guaranteed), and the emission layer of each organic light-emitting diode may not be arranged in the emission layer of an adjacent organic light-emitting diode. The first distance DL1, the second distance DL2, the third distance DL3, and the fourth distance DL4 can be equal not only within the same unit area PU, but also between adjacent unit areas PU and / or in another unit area PU.

[00273] As illustrated in Figures 11A, 11B, 12A, and 12B, a subpixel circuit can be arranged in a unit area PU. For example, the subpixel circuit may include a first subpixel circuit PC1 to control the driving of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second organic light-emitting diode. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 85 / 299 77 / 113 distinct light-emitting diodes OLED1-2, being connected to them; a second subpixel circuit PC2 to control the driving of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, being connected to it; and a third subpixel circuit PC3 to control the driving of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3, being connected to it. In the above case, the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can emit light of the same color and can be driven equally in relation to each other by the first subpixel circuit PC1. That is, when the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 is driven and emits red light, the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can emit red light during the period in which the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 emits red light.

[00274] The first PC1 subpixel circuit can be electrically connected to the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2.

[00275] In one or more embodiments, the 1-1 210R-1 subpixel electrode of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the 1-2 210R-2 subpixel electrode of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be individually connected to a TFT thin-film transistor of the first subpixel circuit PC1. In this sense, the 1-1 210R-1 subpixel electrode of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 can be directly connected to the first subpixel circuit PC1, as shown in Figure 12A, and the 1-2 210R-2 subpixel electrode of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be directly connected to the first subpixel circuit PC1 in a manner similar to how the 1-1 210R-1 subpixel electrode shown in Figure 12A is directly connected to the first subpixel circuit, PC1.

[00276] In one or more modes, the 1-1 subpixel electrode Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 86 / 299 78 / 113 The 210R-1 electrode of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 can be connected directly to the first subpixel circuit PC1, as shown in Figure 12A, and the 1-2 subpixel electrode 210R-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be connected to an electrode of similar shape to the subpixel connection electrode PCX shown in Figure 12B and therefore can be connected separately to the first subpixel circuit PC1 via the electrode, without being connected to the 1-1 subpixel electrode 210R-1.

[00277] In one or more embodiments, as shown in Figure 12A, one of the subpixel electrodes of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 or one subpixel electrode of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be connected to the thin-film transistor of the first subpixel circuit PC1, and another subpixel electrode 1-1 210R-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 or one subpixel electrode 1-2 210R-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be connected to one of the subpixel electrodes 1-1 210R-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 or to one subpixel electrode 1-2 210R2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 through the subpixel connection electrode PCX. In this sense, the subpixel connection electrode PCX can have various shapes.For example, in one or more embodiments, as shown in Figure 12A, the PCX subpixel connection electrode may have a shape in which a portion of one of the 1-1 210R-1 subpixel electrodes of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 or of the 12 210R-2 subpixel electrode of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 extends to another 1-1 210R-1 subpixel electrode of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 or of the 12 210R-2 subpixel electrode of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2. In one or more embodiments, as shown in Figure 12B, the... Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 87 / 299 The 79 / 113 PCX subpixel connection electrode can be arranged in the planarization layer 207 (see Figures 10B and 10C) located under the 1-1 210R-1 subpixel electrode of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the 1-2 210R-2 subpixel electrode of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2. In this case, the 1-1 210R-1 subpixel electrode of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the 1-2 210R-2 subpixel electrode of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be connected to the PCX subpixel connection electrode, and the PCX subpixel connection electrode can be connected to the thin-film transistor of the first PC1 subpixel circuit. In this sense, the 207 planarization layer can be provided in multiples, and the PCX subpixel connection electrode can be arranged between the multiple 207 planarization layers.In one or more embodiments, one of the 1-1 210R-1 subpixel electrodes of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 or the 1-2 210R-2 subpixel electrode of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be connected to the thin-film transistor of the first subpixel circuit PC1, and the PCX subpixel connection electrode can connect one of the 1-1 210R-1 subpixel electrodes of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 or the 1-2 210R-2 subpixel electrode of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 to the other 1-1 210R-1 subpixel electrode of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 or the 1-2 210R-2 subpixel electrode of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2.

[00278] The PCX subpixel connection electrode can be arranged so as not to overlap the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3. For example, the PCX subpixel connection electrode can extend to pass through a gap between the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3, thus connecting the Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 88 / 299 80 / 113 first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 to the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2. In one or more embodiments, the PCX subpixel connection electrode can connect the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 to the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 by extending along an edge of a flat shape of the PU unit area so as to bypass the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and / or the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 (for example, see Figures 11A and 11B).

[00279] The flat shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and the flat shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 can be square. In this sense, the flat shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and the flat shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 can have a chamfered shape.

[00280] In one or more embodiments, when the difference between the aperture rate of the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 and the aperture rate of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 is equal to or less than 10%, only one first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 may be arranged in the unit area PU, and the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 may include a third distinct organic light-emitting diode, which is a first distinct display element, and a fourth distinct organic light-emitting diode, which is a second distinct display element. In this sense, the third distinct organic light-emitting diode and the fourth distinct organic light-emitting diode may have a structure similar to that of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 89 / 299 81 / 113

[00281] Therefore, assuming that each of the three display elements that emit different colors through the aforementioned structure is arranged in a unit area PU, a display element with the lowest aperture rate, or whose difference from the lowest aperture rate is less than 10%, is divided into two distinct display elements and arranged in a unit area PU on the display panel and display apparatus, so that the emission area of ​​all display elements in the unit area PU can be increased.Furthermore, when the three display elements are arranged in the display panel and display apparatus, the display element with the lowest aperture rate, or whose difference from the lowest aperture rate is less than 10%, is split into two distinct display elements and arranged so that the brightness of the corresponding display element can be greater than the brightness before being split into the two distinct display elements in the unit area (PU).

[00282] In one or more embodiments, it is also possible that not the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, but rather the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 includes two distinct display elements, as described above. In this case, only one first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 may be arranged in the unit area PU. Furthermore, the descriptions of the shapes, distances, and centers of the two distinct display elements, which are the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, may be similar to those of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, described above. In this case, a planar shape of the emission area of ​​each of the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 may have a chamfered square shape.

[00283] Figure 13A is a cross-sectional view illustrating Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 90 / 299 Figure 13B is a plan view that schematically illustrates a mask assembly shown in Figure 13A. Figure 13A schematically depicts a manufacturing apparatus 700 of a display panel according to one or more embodiments.

[00284] With reference to Figures 13A and 13B, a manufacturing apparatus 700 for a display panel may include a camera 710, a mask assembly 750, a deposition source 760, a first support portion 720, a second support portion 730, a pressure adjustment portion 770 and a viewing portion 740.

[00285] The mask assembly 750 may include a mask frame 751, a mask sheet 752 and a support frame 753.

[00286] A plurality of interconnected frames or a single frame can be formed as the 751 mask frame. In this sense, the 751 mask frame can be formed after penetration. In particular, the 751 mask frame can be formed with its central portion completely penetrated. In the 751 mask frame, the central portion can be formed in a grid shape so that a part of it is penetrated.

[00287] Mask sheet 752 can be arranged in mask frame 751. In this sense, mask sheet 752 can be formed as a single body to completely block a surface of mask frame 751. In one or more embodiments, mask sheet 752 can be provided in multiples, and the plurality of mask sheets 752 can be arranged adjacent to each other in mask frame 751, thus completely blocking a surface of mask frame 751. In particular, the plurality of mask sheets 752 can completely block the open portions of mask frame 751. Hereafter, for ease of description, the case where mask sheet 752 is provided in plural will be presented in detail. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, p. 91 / 299 83 / 113

[00288] The plurality of mask sheets 752 may include a first mask sheet 752-1 and a second mask sheet 752-2. The first mask sheet 752-1 may include a plurality of first pattern portions DDA1. The plurality of first pattern portions DDA1 may include a pair of first openings 752a-1 arranged in different directions. In this sense, the first opening 752a-1 may include a first pattern opening 752a-1a and a second pattern opening 752a-1b. The first pattern opening 752a-1a and the second pattern opening 752a-1b may have an octagonal or rectangular shape, each with a long side and a short side. An arbitrary straight line extending from one long side of the first opening of pattern 752a-1a may be perpendicular to an arbitrary straight line extending from one long side of the second opening of pattern 752a-1b.Furthermore, the first pattern opening 752a-1a and the second pattern opening 752a-1b can be arranged in a zigzag or serpentine pattern along one direction. The shape of the plurality of first portions of pattern DDA1 is shown as a rectangle, but it is not limited to this, and can have various shapes, including a non-quadrilateral polygon, a circle, an oval, etc. One of the longer sides of the first pattern opening 752a-1a or the long side of the second pattern opening 752a-1b can be arranged parallel to the pull direction of the first mask sheet 752-1, and the other long side of the first pattern opening 752a-1a or the long side of the second pattern opening 752a-1b can be arranged perpendicular to the pull direction of the first mask sheet 752-1.

[00289] The second mask sheet 752-2 may include a plurality of second portions of pattern DDA2. The plurality of second portions of pattern DDA2 may include a pair of second openings 752a-2 arranged in different directions. The second opening 752a-2 Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 92 / 299 84 / 113 may include a third standard aperture 752a-2a and a fourth standard aperture 752a-2b. In this case, the second portion of the DDA2 pattern may be similar to the first portion of the DDA1 pattern, but may differ in the direction of one long side compared to the first portion of the DDA1 pattern. Furthermore, the third standard aperture 752a2a may be the same as the second standard aperture 752a-1b, and the fourth standard aperture 752a-2b may be the same as the first standard aperture 752a-1a. Here, the first aperture 752a-1 and the second 752a-2 may be collectively referred to as the 752a apertures.

[00290] In the above case, the first portion of the DDA1 pattern and the second portion of the DDA2 pattern can form different display areas on the display panel. That is, a 750 mask set can be configured to match a base substrate and can accommodate a deposition material. In this sense, the deposition material can pass through the plurality of portions of the first DDA1 pattern and the plurality of second portions of the DDA2 pattern and can be deposited on the base substrate. The material deposited on the base substrate can pass through a portion of the first DDA1 pattern or a portion of the second DDA2 pattern and thus form the 1-1 222R-1 emission layer or the 1-2 222R-2 emission layer, which is displayed in a display area of ​​a display panel.

[00291] In the above case, the traction directions of the first mask sheet 752-1 and the second mask sheet 752-2 can be the same. Here, a first pattern aperture 752a-1a and a second pattern aperture 752a-1b can form the 1-1 222R-1 emission layer and the 1-2 222R-2 emission layer, which are arranged in a unit area PU, as described in Figures 11A and 11B respectively. Furthermore, a third pattern aperture 752a-2a and a fourth pattern aperture 752a-2b can form the 1-2 222R-2 emission layer and the 1-1 222R-1 emission layer, which are arranged Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 93 / 299 85 / 113 in a unit area PU, as described in Figures 11A and 11B respectively. In this case, the entire area of ​​the 1-1 222R-1 emission layer and the 1-2 222R-2 emission layer arranged in a unit area PU can be equal in both the first mask sheet 752-1 and the second mask sheet 752-2. That is, although the directions of the pattern openings arranged in each of the mask sheets 752-1 and 752-2 are not the same, a tensile force applied to the first mask sheet 752-1 is equal to a tensile force applied to the second mask sheet 752-2, the deformation in the first pattern opening 752a-1a and the deformation in the second pattern opening 752a-1b that occur when the tensile force is applied to the first mask sheet 752-1 can be almost similar to the deformation in the fourth pattern opening 752a-2b and the deformation in the third pattern opening 752a-2a that occur when the tensile force is applied to the second mask sheet 752-2 respectively.Thus, when a deposition material is arranged in multiple display areas by means of pattern portions arranged in different directions on a base substrate, the entire area of ​​the 1-1 222R-1 emission layer and the 1-2 222R-2 emission layer arranged in a unit area PU of each display area can be uniform across the various display areas arranged on a base substrate. Furthermore, in the case above, as described with reference to Figures 11A and 11B, the distance from the long side of the flat shape of emission area 1-1 EA1-1 to the flat shape of the third emission area EA3, the distance from the short side of the flat shape of emission area 1-1 EA1-1 to the flat shape of the second emission area EA2, the distance from the long side of the flat shape of emission area 1-2 EA1-2 to the flat shape of the third emission area EA3, and the distance from the short side of the flat shape of emission area 1-2 EA1-2 to the flat shape of the second emission area. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 94 / 299 86 / 113 emission EA2 are all the same, even when the direction of each aperture of the pattern is rotated by N multiples of 90 degrees (where N is a natural number other than 0), the result described above can be deduced.

[00292] In the above case, the first mask sheet 752-1 or the second mask sheet 752-2 may include the first portion of pattern DDA1 and the second portion of pattern DDA2. Even in this case, an entire area of ​​the 1-1 222R-1 emission layer and the 1-2 222R-2 emission layer, arranged in unit areas of a plurality of display panels manufactured through the first mask sheet 752-1 or the second mask sheet 752-2, may be uniformly maintained in each of the display panels manufactured through the first mask sheet 752-1 or the second mask sheet 752-2.

[00293] The mask assembly 750 may include the support frame 753 arranged in the mask frame 751. Here, the support frame 753 may be arranged facing the mask sheet 752 and may be arranged between adjacent mask sheets 752. Furthermore, the support frame 753 may be arranged in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the mask sheet 752. The support frame 753 may not only prevent deformation of the mask frame 751, but also prevent the mask sheet 752 from yielding due to load.

[00294] Chamber 710 may have a gap formed in its interior and may be designed to be partially open. Here, a gate valve 710a is disposed in the open portion of chamber 710 so as to selectively open or close the open portion of chamber 710.

[00295] The 760 deposition source may include a deposition material being formed as a 1-1 emission layer and a 1-2 emission layer.

[00296] The 760 deposition source can be arranged to stay Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, pp. 95 / 299 87 / 113 facing the mask frame 751, and a portion of the deposition source 760 that is facing the mask frame 751 may be open. Furthermore, the deposition source 760 may include a first heater 760a to apply heat to the deposition material.

[00297] The first support portion 720 can support a base substrate of a DP display substrate. The DP display substrate can indicate a stack structure from the base substrate (e.g., substrate 100 of Figures 10B and 10C) to the first common layer 221 of Figures 10B and 10C. The first support portion 720 can be formed in various formats. For example, the first support portion 720 can include a carrier, an electrostatic mandrel, a contact mandrel, etc., which are arranged in chamber 710. In one or more embodiments, a separate frame can be included and arranged in chamber 710. However, for ease of description, a case in which the first support portion 720 includes a separate frame will be presented in detail below.

[00298] On the base substrate of the DP display substrate, as described above, the deposition material can be deposited in several spaced (e.g., separated) areas from each other. After the deposition is completed, the base substrate of the DP display substrate can be separated into several portions to form the substrate 100 of Figures 10B and 10C. In one or more embodiments, the deposition material can be deposited on the entire surface of the base substrate of the DP display substrate. In this case, the first pattern aperture 752a-1a and the second pattern aperture 752a-1b or the third pattern aperture 752a-2a and the fourth pattern aperture 752a-2b can be deposited on the entire surface of the mask sheet 752. In particular, in the above case, after the deposition is completed, the base substrate of the DP display substrate can form a substrate 100 of Figures 10B and 10C. However, to make the description easier, what follows is... Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 96 / 299 88 / 113 A case in which the deposition material is deposited in several spaced (e.g., separated) areas on the base substrate of the DP display substrate will be described in detail.

[00299] The second support portion 730 can be positioned between the first support portion 720 and the deposition source 760. In this sense, the second support portion 730 can support the mask assembly 750 by placing the mask assembly 750 on top of it. The second support portion 730 can vary the positioning of the mask assembly 750 within a small range and therefore can align the mask assembly 750 and the base substrate of the DP display substrate.

[00300] The first support portion 720 and the second support portion 730 can be separated from each other and can operate independently. In one or more embodiments, the first support portion 720 and the second support portion 730 can be integrally formed and can move simultaneously (i.e., at the same time). However, for ease of description, a case in which the first support portion 720 and the second support portion 730 are separated from each other and operate independently will be described in detail below.

[00301] The pressure adjustment portion 770 can be connected to chamber 710 and can maintain a constant pressure in chamber 710. Here, the pressure adjustment portion 770 may include a connecting tube 771 connected to chamber 710 and a pump 772 disposed in the connecting tube 771.

[00302] Viewing portion 740 may include a camera. Viewing portion 740 may photograph a position of the base substrate of the DP display substrate and a position of the mask assembly 750 and thus may provide the data necessary to align the base substrate of the DP display substrate and the mask assembly 750. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 97 / 299 89 / 113

[00303] With regard to the operation of the manufacturing apparatus 700 of the display panel, the pressure adjustment portion 770 can adjust the pressure in chamber 710 to be similar to barometric pressure. The gate valve 710a can be opened to open the open portion of chamber 710.

[00304] When the gate valve 710a is open, the base substrate of the DP display substrate and the mask assembly 750 can be inserted into chamber 710 from the outside of chamber 710. In this sense, the base substrate of the DP display substrate and the mask assembly 750 can be moved by a robotic arm, a transport vehicle, etc. In one or more embodiments, the first support portion 720 and the second support portion 730 are formed into a shuttle shape, so that the base substrate of the DP display substrate and the mask assembly 750 can be placed on the first support portion 720 and the second support portion 730 on the outside of chamber 710, and then the first support portion 720 and the second support portion 730 can be moved into chamber 710.In this sense, each of the first support portion 720 and second support portion 730 can be an auxiliary vessel, or the first support portion 720 and the second support portion 730 can constitute a single auxiliary vessel-shaped body.

[00305] When the base substrate of the DP display substrate and the mask assembly 750 are inserted into the chamber 710, the gate valve 710a can be actuated to close the chamber 710, and the pressure adjustment portion 770 can operate to maintain the pressure in the chamber 710 in a state close to vacuum. Furthermore, the deposition source 760 can vaporize or sublimate the deposition material to be deposited onto the base substrate of the DP display substrate through the mask assembly 750. The deposition material can be deposited in a suitable pattern (e.g., a predefined pattern) onto the substrate. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, pp. 98 / 299 90 / 113 base of the DP display substrate, when passing through the first aperture 752a-1 and the second aperture 752a-2 on the mask sheet 752.

[00306] Thus, as the pattern openings are arranged in different directions in each pattern portion, the 700 display panel fabrication apparatus can constantly maintain a total area of ​​deposited material patterns in a suitable area (e.g., a predefined area) of a base substrate, across each pattern portion, regardless of the pull direction of a mask sheet.

[00307] Figure 13C is a plan view illustrating a portion of a mask sheet for the manufacture of a comparative example in relation to the present invention. Figure 13D is a plan view illustrating a portion of a display panel manufactured by a scheme shown in Figure 13C.

[00308] Referring to Figures 13C and 13D, unlike embodiments of the present invention, in the comparative example with respect to embodiments, the first opening 752a-1 may not include a first pattern opening and may include a second pattern opening. When a long side of the first opening 752a-1 is disposed in a direction perpendicular to the pull direction of the first mask sheet 752-1 or to the pull direction of a second mask sheet, as shown in Figure 13C, a deposition material that has passed through the first opening 752a-1 may be disposed on a base substrate so as to form the emission layer 1-1 222R-1 and the emission layer 1-2 222R-2.

[00309] In this case, the first distance DL1 from the short side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 to the flat shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3, which is facing the short side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, pp. 99 / 299 91 / 113 The distance EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 can be reduced compared to what is described with reference to Figures 11A and 11B. In this sense, the second distance DL2 from the long side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 to the flat shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, which is facing the long side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1; the third distance DL3 from the long side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 to the flat shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3, which is facing the long side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2;and the fourth distance DL4 from the short side of the planar shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, relative to the planar shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, which is facing the short side of the planar shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, may be equal to that described in Figures 11A and 11B.;

[00310] In the case above, the first distance DL1 may be smaller than each of the distances DL2 to DL4, and when the 11 222R-1 emission layer is deployed, a problem may occur because the 1-1 222R-1 emission layer overlaps the third emission area EA3. In particular, in the case above, to sufficiently secure the first distance DL1, the size of the first aperture 752a-1 used to form the 1-1 222R-1 emission layer needs to be reduced, or the aperture of the mask pattern used to form the third emission layer 222B needs to be reduced. In this case, the 1-1 222R emission layer Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 100 / 299 92 / 113 and the third emission layer 222B are mixed into the third emission layer EA3, or the size of the third emission layer 222B needs to be reduced, which may decrease the aperture ratio of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3, compared to that described in Figures 11A and 11B. In particular, in this case, not only may the resolution of the display panel be impaired, but the operation of the display panel may also present problems.

[00311] Figure 13E is a plan view illustrating a portion of a mask sheet for the manufacture of a comparative example in relation to the present invention. Figure 13F is a plan view illustrating a portion of a display panel manufactured by a scheme shown in Figure 13E.

[00312] Referring to Figures 13E and 13F, unlike embodiments of the present invention, in the comparative example with respect to embodiments, the first opening 752a-1 may not include a second pattern opening and may include a first pattern opening. When a long side of the first opening 752a-1 is disposed in a direction perpendicular to the pull direction of the first mask sheet 752-1 or to the pull direction of a second mask sheet, as shown in Figure 13E, a deposition material that has passed through the first opening 752a-1 can be disposed on a base substrate so as to form the emission layer 1-1 222R-1 and the emission layer 1-2 222R-2.

[00313] In this case, the third distance DL3 from the short side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 to the flat shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3, which is facing the short side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 101 / 299 93 / 113 tinted, can be reduced, compared to what is described with reference to Figures 11A and 11B. In this sense, the first distance DL1 is measured from the long side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA11 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 to the flat shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3, which is facing the long side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1; the second distance DL2 is measured from the short side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 to the flat shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, which is facing the short side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1;and the fourth distance DL4 is measured from the long side of the planar shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, relative to the planar shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, which is facing the long side of the planar shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, and may be equal to that described in Figures 11A and 11B.;

[00314] In the case above, the third distance DL3 may be smaller than each of the following distances: the first distance DL1, the second distance DL2, and the fourth distance DL4, and when the 1-2 222R-2 emission layer is deployed, a problem may occur because the 1-2 222R-2 emission layer overlaps the third emission area EA3. In particular, in the case above, to sufficiently secure the third distance DL3, the size of the first aperture 752a-1 used to form the 1-2 222R-2 emission layer needs to be reduced, or the aperture of the mask pattern used to form the third emission layer 222B needs to be reduced. In this case, the 1-2 222R emission layer Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 102 / 299 94 / 113 and the third emission layer 222B are mixed into the third emission layer EA3, or the size of the third emission layer 222B needs to be reduced, which may decrease the aperture ratio of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3, compared to what is described in Figures 11A and 11B. In particular, in this case, not only may the resolution of the display panel be impaired, but also the operation of the display panel may be affected.

[00315] In one or more embodiments, the above problem may also occur if the first aperture 752a-1 shown in one of Figures 13C or 13E is located in one of the portions of the DDA1 or DDA2 pattern shown in Figure 13B, and the first aperture 752a-1 shown in the other Figure 13C or 13E is located in the other portion of the DDA1 or DDA2 pattern shown in Figure 13B. Therefore, in the display apparatus and electronic device according to one or more embodiments, even when a display element is divided and arranged in a unit area, the total aperture rate of the display elements implementing a color may be increased and the respective aperture rates of other adjacent display elements for the display elements may be guaranteed (i.e., maximized). In this way, a maximum aperture rate with respect to all colors in a unit area PU may be guaranteed.

[00316] Figure 14 is a plan view that schematically illustrates a unit area of ​​the display area of ​​a display panel according to another embodiment.

[00317] Referring to Figure 14, the display panel may include a substrate, a display layer, an encapsulation layer, a touch sensor layer, and an anti-reflective layer. In this sense, since the substrate, the display layer, the encapsulation layer, the touch sensor layer, and the anti-reflective layer are the same or similar to those described in Figures 10B and 10C, their Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 103 / 299 95 / 113 detailed descriptions are omitted.

[00318] The display panel may include a display area and a peripheral area. The display area may include a unit area (PU). The first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, which constitute the first display element, the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 may be arranged in the unit area (PU). Although not illustrated, a first subpixel circuit, a second subpixel circuit, and a third subpixel circuit may be arranged in the unit area (PU), as described with reference to Figure 11A. In this sense, the first subpixel circuit may be electrically connected to the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2.The second subpixel circuit can be electrically connected to the second organic light-emitting diode (OLED2), and the third subpixel circuit can be electrically connected to the third organic light-emitting diode (OLED3).

[00319] Although not illustrated, the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be connected directly to the first subpixel circuit PC1 or through the subpixel connection electrode PCX. In this way, the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED11 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can simultaneously emit light of the same color or not emit light of any color. A method for connecting the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 to the first subpixel circuit PC1 through the subpixel connection electrode PCX may be the same as or similar to that described in Figure 11A.

[00320] The planar shape of the emission area 1-1 (EA1-1) of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, the planar shape of the area Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 104 / 299 96 / 113 emission area 1-2 (EA1-2) of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, the planar shape of the second emission area (EA2) of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and the planar shape of the third emission area (EA3) of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 may have an octagonal shape with one long side and one short side, which is the same as or similar to that described with reference to Figures 11A and 11B. Next, to facilitate the description, a case will be described in detail in which the planar shape of the emission area 1-1 (EA11) of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, the planar shape of the emission area 1-2 (EA1-2) of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, the planar shape of the second emission area (EA2) of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and the planar shape of the third emission area (EA3) of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 are the same as those shown in Figures 11A and 11B.

[00321] In the case above, a center of the planar shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode. OLED1-1, a planar shape center of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, a planar shape center of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and a planar shape center of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 can be arranged at a vertex of a quadrilateral. In this sense, the quadrilateral can have various shapes, including a non-square rectangle, a rhombus, a parallelogram, a trapezoid, etc. To facilitate description, a case will be described in detail where the planar shape center of the emission area 1-1 (EA1-1) of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, the planar shape center of the emission area 1-2 (EA1-2) of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, the planar shape center of the second Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 105 / 299 97 / 113 emission area (EA2) of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and the center of the planar shape of the third emission area (EA3) of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 are located at a vertex of a non-square quadrilateral.

[00322] In the case above, at least two of the distances DL1, DL2, DL3 and DL4 may be different from each other.

[00323] Although not illustrated, the center of the planar shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, the center of the planar shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, the center of the planar shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and the center of the planar shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 can be arranged in an arbitrary straight line parallel to a first direction (e.g., the x direction or the y direction of Figure 14) and / or a second direction (e.g., the other x direction or the y direction of Figure 14).

[00324] Furthermore, an arbitrary straight line extending from a long side of the planar shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and an arbitrary straight line extending from a long side of the planar shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 may be perpendicular to each other.

[00325] One side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and / or one side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 may be arranged within a distance between two parallel sides of the flat shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 106 / 299 98 / 113 and / or a distance between two parallel sides of the planar shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3. That is, the planar shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and / or the planar shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 may be arranged within an arbitrary area formed by an arbitrary straight line extending from the planar shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, crossing this arbitrary straight line from the planar shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3.For example, with respect to Figure 14, the planar shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 can be arranged within a first area SA1 formed by an arbitrary straight line extending from a vertical line of the planar shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, intersecting the arbitrary straight line extending from a horizontal line of the planar shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3.Furthermore, with regard to Figure 14, the planar shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be arranged within a second area SA2 formed by an arbitrary straight line extending from a horizontal line of the planar shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, the arbitrary straight line intersecting an arbitrary straight line extending from a vertical line of the planar shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3.

[00326] Although not illustrated, when the difference between the opening rate of the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 and the opening rate of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 is equal to or Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 107 / 299 99 / 113 less than 10%, a third distinct organic light-emitting diode and a fourth distinct organic light-emitting diode may have structures similar to the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, which are described with reference to Figures 12A and 12B.

[00327] Figure 15 is a plan view that schematically illustrates the display area of ​​a display panel according to another embodiment.

[00328] Referring to Figure 15, the display panel may include a substrate, a display layer, an encapsulation layer, a touch sensor layer, and an anti-reflective layer. In this sense, since the substrate, the display layer, the encapsulation layer, the touch sensor layer, and the anti-reflective layer are the same or similar to those described in Figures 10B and 10C, their detailed descriptions are omitted.

[00329] The display panel may include a display area and a peripheral area. The display area may include a unit area PU. A first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and a second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, which constitute the first display element, a second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and a third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 may be arranged in the unit area PU. Although not illustrated, a first subpixel circuit, a second subpixel circuit and a third subpixel circuit may be arranged in the unit area PU, as described with reference to Figure 11A. In this sense, the first subpixel circuit may be electrically connected to the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2.The second subpixel circuit can be electrically connected to the second organic light-emitting diode (OLED2), and the third subpixel circuit can be electrically connected to... Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 108 / 299 100 / 113 third organic light-emitting diode OLED3.

[00330] The first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be connected directly to the first subpixel circuit or through the subpixel connection electrode PCX. In this way, the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can emit light of the same color simultaneously or not emit colored light. The subpixel connection electrode PCX can be arranged by encircling the third OLED3 along the edge of a plane with unit area PU. In another embodiment, although not illustrated, the subpixel connection electrode PCX can be arranged by encircling the second OLED2. In another embodiment, the subpixel connection electrode PCX can be arranged as shown in Figure 11A.

[00331] The planar shape of an emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and a planar shape of an emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 may be rectangular. In this sense, a corner of the planar shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and a corner of the planar shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 may be chamfered. The planar shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and the planar shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 may be the same as or similar to those described in Figures 11A and 11B.

[00332] One side of the flat form of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and / or one side of the flat form of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 may be arranged within a distance between two parallel sides of the flat form of the second Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 109 / 299 101 / 113 emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and / or a distance between two parallel sides of the planar shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3. That is, a planar shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and / or a planar shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 may be arranged within an arbitrary area formed by an arbitrary straight line extending from the planar shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, crossing that arbitrary straight line from the planar shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3.For example, with respect to Figure 15, the planar shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 can be arranged within a first area SA1 formed by an arbitrary straight line extending from a horizontal line of the planar shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and an arbitrary straight line extending from a vertical line of the planar shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3.Furthermore, with regard to Figure 15, the planar shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be arranged within a second area SA2 formed by an arbitrary straight line extending from a vertical line of the planar shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and an arbitrary straight line extending from a horizontal line of the planar shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3.

[00333] A first center Cr1, a second center Cr2, a third center Cg, and a fourth center Cb can be arranged at each vertex. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 110 / 299 102 / 113 of a virtual square. In this sense, the first center Cr1 and the second center Cr2 can be arranged diagonally in relation to a unit area center PU. Furthermore, each pair of the first center Cr1 and the third center Cg, the first center Cr1 and the fourth center Cb, the second center Cr2 and the third center Cg, and the second center Cr2 and the fourth center Cb can be arranged in a straight line. A straight line passing through the first center Cr1 and the third center Cg and a straight line passing through the second center Cr2 and the fourth center Cb can divide one side of the unit area PU into three equal parts. Furthermore, a straight line passing through the second center Cr2 and the third center Cg and a straight line passing through the first center Cr1 and the fourth center Cb can trisect the other side of the unit area PU.

[00334] A first distance DL1 from the long side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 to the flat shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3, which is facing the long side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1; a second distance DL2 from the short side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 to the flat shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, which is facing the short side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1; a third distance DL3 from the long side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-2.The distance EA1-2 from the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 to the flat shape of the third emitting area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3, which is facing the long side of the flat shape of the emitting area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second organic light-emitting diode. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 111 / 299 103 / 113 distinct light OLED1-2, and a fourth distance DL4 from the short side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 to the flat shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, which is facing the short side of the flat shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, can all be equal.

[00335] Although not illustrated, when the difference between the opening rate of the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 and the opening rate of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 is equal to or less than 10%, only one first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 may be arranged in the unit area PU, and the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 may include a third distinct organic light-emitting diode, which is a first distinct display element, and a fourth distinct organic light-emitting diode, which is a second distinct display element.Here, the relationship between the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, the third distinct organic light-emitting diode, the fourth distinct organic light-emitting diode, and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 may be equal to or similar to the relationship mentioned earlier between the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3.

[00336] Furthermore, although not illustrated, when the difference between the aperture rate of the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 and the aperture rate of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 is equal to or less than 10%, a third distinct organic light-emitting diode and a fourth distinct organic light-emitting diode may have structures similar to the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 112 / 299 104 / 113 OLED1-2, which are described with reference to Figures 12A and 12B.

[00337] Although not illustrated, the first center Cr1, the second center Cr2, the third center Cg, and the fourth center Cb can be arranged at a vertex of a non-square quadrilateral, similarly to that described in Figure 14. Here, a planar format of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode. OLED1-1 and a flat form factor of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be arranged, respectively, within the first area SA1 and the second area SA2 described above.

[00338] Figure 16 is a plan view that schematically illustrates the display area of ​​a display panel according to another embodiment.

[00339] Referring to Figure 16, the display panel may include a substrate, a display layer, an encapsulation layer, a touch sensor layer, and an anti-reflective layer. In this sense, since the substrate, the display layer, the encapsulation layer, the touch sensor layer, and the anti-reflective layer are the same or similar to those described in Figures 10B and 10C, their detailed descriptions are omitted.

[00340] The display panel may include a display area and a peripheral area. The display area may include a unit area (PU). A first distinct organic light-emitting diode (OLED1-1) and a second distinct organic light-emitting diode (OLED1-2), which constitute the first display element, a second organic light-emitting diode (OLED2), and a third organic light-emitting diode (OLED3) may be arranged in the unit area (PU). Although not illustrated, a first subpixel circuit, a second subpixel circuit, and a third subpixel circuit may be arranged in the unit area (PU), as described with reference to Figure 11A. In this sense, the first circuit Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 113 / 299 The 105 / 113 subpixel can be electrically connected to the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2. The second subpixel circuit can be electrically connected to the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and the third subpixel circuit can be electrically connected to the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3.

[00341] Although not illustrated, the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be connected directly to the first subpixel circuit or through a subpixel connection electrode. In this way, the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can emit light of the same color simultaneously or not emit colored light. A method for connecting the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 to the first subpixel circuit through the subpixel connection electrode may be the same as or similar to that described in Figures 11A or 15.

[00342] The flat shape of an emission area 1-1 (EA1-1) of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and a flat shape of an emission area 1-2 (EA1-2) of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be circular. Similarly, the shape of the second emission area (EA2) of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and the shape of the third emission area (EA3) of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 can also be circular. In this way, the visibility of the light emitted by a display element can be improved at various angles.

[00343] In this sense, the 1-1 EA11 emission area plan shape of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the 1-2 EA1-2 emission area plan shape of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be arranged respectively Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 114 / 299 106 / 113 within a first area SA1 and a second area SA2, which are formed by an arbitrary tangent line in contact with the planar shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and being parallel in each of a first direction (for example, one of the x-axis directions of the y-axis of Fig. 16) and a second direction (for example, the other of the x-axis directions of the y-axis of Fig. 16) and by an arbitrary tangent line in contact with the planar shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 and is parallel in both directions.

[00344] A first center Cr1, a second center Cr2, a third center Cg, and a fourth center Cb can be arranged at each vertex of a virtual square. In this sense, the first center Cr1 and the second center Cr2 can be arranged diagonally with respect to a unit area center PU. Furthermore, each pair of the first center Cr1 and the third center Cg, the first center Cr1 and the fourth center Cb, the second center Cr2 and the third center Cg, and the second center Cr2 and the fourth center Cb can be arranged in a straight line. A straight line passing through the first center Cr1 and the third center Cg and a straight line passing through the second center Cr2 and the fourth center Cb can divide one side of the unit area PU into three equal parts. Similarly, a straight line passing through the second center Cr2 and the third center Cg and a straight line passing through the first center Cr1 and the fourth center Cb can trisect the other side of the unit area PU.

[00345] Although not illustrated, when the difference between the opening rate of the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 and the opening rate of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 is equal to or less than 10%, only one first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 may be arranged in the unit area PU, and the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 may include a third organic diode. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 115 / 299 107 / 113 distinct light-emitting diode, which is a first distinct display element, and a fourth distinct organic light-emitting diode, which is a second distinct display element. Here, the relationship between the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, the third distinct organic light-emitting diode, the fourth distinct organic light-emitting diode, and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 can be equal to or similar to the previously mentioned relationship between the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3.

[00346] Furthermore, although not illustrated, when the difference between the opening rate of the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 and the opening rate of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 is equal to or less than 10%, a third distinct organic light-emitting diode and a fourth distinct organic light-emitting diode may have structures similar to the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, which are described with reference to Figures 12A and 12B.

[00347] Although not illustrated, the first Cr1 center, the second Cr2 center, the third Cg center, and the fourth Cb center can be arranged at a vertex of a non-square quadrilateral, similarly to that described in Figure 14. Here, a planar format of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode. OLED1-1 and a flat form factor of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be arranged, respectively, within the first area SA1 and the second area SA2 described above.

[00348] Figure 17 is a plan view that schematically illustrates the display area of ​​a display panel according to another embodiment. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 116 / 299 108 / 113

[00349] Referring to Figure 17, the display panel may include a substrate, a display layer, an encapsulation layer, a touch sensor layer, and an anti-reflective layer. In this sense, since the substrate, the display layer, the encapsulation layer, the touch sensor layer, and the anti-reflective layer are the same or similar to those described in Figures 10B and 10C, their detailed descriptions are omitted.

[00350] The display panel may include a display area and a peripheral area. The display area may include a unit area PU. A first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and a second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, which constitute the first display element, a second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and a third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 may be arranged in the unit area PU. Although not illustrated, a first subpixel circuit, a second subpixel circuit, and a third subpixel circuit may be arranged in the unit area PU, as described with reference to Figure 11A. In this sense, the first subpixel circuit may be electrically connected to the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2.The second subpixel circuit can be electrically connected to the second organic light-emitting diode (OLED2), and the third subpixel circuit can be electrically connected to the third organic light-emitting diode (OLED3).

[00351] The first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be connected directly to the first subpixel circuit or via the PCX subpixel connection electrode. In this way, the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can emit light of the same color simultaneously or Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 117 / 299 109 / 113 not emitting colored light. A method for connecting the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 to the first subpixel circuit via the subpixel connection electrode may be the same as or similar to that described in Figures 11A or 15.

[00352] A planar shape of an emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, the planar shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, the planar shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and the planar shape of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 can be oval. In this case, the planar shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 arranged in different unit areas PU can be arranged in different directions. For example, the planar shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 arranged in a unit area PU can have a major axis and a minor axis.The major axis of the planar shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, arranged in each unit area PU, may have a different angle relative to an arbitrary straight line. In the relationship described above, the angle formed relative to the arbitrary straight line by the major axis of the planar shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 may vary in all the first organic light-emitting diodes OLED1-1 arranged throughout the display area. In another embodiment, the angle formed relative to an arbitrary straight line (e.g., the x-axis direction or y-axis direction of Figure 16) by the longitudinal axis of the planar shape of the emission area 11 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, included in each of the plurality of unit areas PU in a. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 118 / 299 110 / 113 portion of the display area, can vary in all the first organic light-emitting diodes OLED1-1 included in the multiple unit areas PU in the display area portion. In this case, the multiple unit areas PU arranged in the display area portion can be grouped, and the group can be uniformly distributed in the display area, so as to form the display area. For example, in Figure 16, four unit areas PU can be arranged adjacent to each other in a display area, so as to form the display area.

[00353] The relationship described above can be applied to a second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 and a third organic light-emitting diode OLED3, which are arranged in each unit area PU of four units.

[00354] The respective longitudinal axes of a first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, a second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, a second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, and a third organic light-emitting diode OLED3, which are arranged in a unit area PU, may have different angles relative to an arbitrary straight line.

[00355] In this sense, the planar shape of the emission area 1-1 EA11 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the planar shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be arranged respectively within a first area SA1 and a second area SA2, formed by an arbitrary tangent line extending in a direction parallel to a first direction (e.g., one of the x-axis or y-axis directions of FIG. 17) and a second direction (e.g., the other x-axis or y-axis direction of FIG. 17) and in contact with the planar shape of the second emission area EA2 of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, the arbitrary tangent line intersecting an arbitrary tangent line extending in a direction parallel to the first Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 119 / 299 111 / 113 direction and to the second direction and in contact with the planar form of the third emission area EA3 of the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3.

[00356] A first center Cr1, a second center Cr2, a third center Cg, and a fourth center Cb can be arranged at each vertex of a virtual square. In this sense, the first center Cr1 and the second center Cr2 can be arranged diagonally with respect to a unit area center PU. Furthermore, each pair among the first center Cr1 and the third center Cg, the first center Cr1 and the fourth center Cb, the second center Cr2 and the third center Cg, and the second center Cr2 and the fourth center Cb can be arranged on a straight line. A straight line passing through the first center Cr1 and the third center Cg and a straight line passing through the second center Cr2 and the fourth center Cb can divide one side of the unit area PU into three equal parts.Furthermore, a straight line passing through the second center Cr2 and the third center Cg, and a straight line passing through the first center Cr1 and the fourth center Cb, can divide another side of the unit area PU into three equal parts.

[00357] Although not illustrated, when the difference between the aperture rate of the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 and the aperture rate of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 is equal to or less than 10%, only one first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 may be arranged in the unit area PU, and the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 may include a third distinct organic light-emitting diode, which is a first distinct display element, and a fourth distinct organic light-emitting diode, which is a second distinct display element. Here, the relationship between the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1, the third distinct organic light-emitting diode, the fourth distinct organic light-emitting diode, and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3 may be equal to or similar to the relationship mentioned above between the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2, the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1, Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, pp. 120 / 299 112 / 113 the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 and the third organic light-emitting diode OLED3.

[00358] Furthermore, although not illustrated, when the difference between the opening rate of the first organic light-emitting diode OLED1 and the opening rate of the second organic light-emitting diode OLED2 is equal to or less than 10%, a third distinct organic light-emitting diode and a fourth distinct organic light-emitting diode may have structures similar to the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2, which are described with reference to Figures 12A and 12B.

[00359] Although not illustrated, the first center Cr1, the second center Cr2, the third center Cg, and the fourth center Cb can be arranged at a vertex of a non-square quadrilateral, similarly to that described in Figure 14. Here, a planar shape of the emission area 1-1 EA1-1 of the first distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-1 and a planar shape of the emission area 1-2 EA1-2 of the second distinct organic light-emitting diode OLED1-2 can be arranged, respectively, within the first area SA1 and the second area SA2 described above.

[00360] The true technical scope of the invention is defined by the technical spirit of the appended claims.

[00361] In a display panel and in an electronic device according to the embodiments, the emission area of ​​a subpixel arranged in a unit area can be increased.

[00362] Depending on the work's modalities, the display panel and the electronic device can provide a clear image.

[00363] In the display panel and in the electronic device, according to the modalities, it is possible to guarantee as much as possible an emission area of ​​all subpixels arranged in a unit area.

[00364] It should be understood that the modalities described in the pre Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, p. 121 / 299 113 / 113 This document should be considered only in a descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation. The descriptions of features or aspects in each embodiment should be considered valid for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. Although one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the Figures, it will be understood by those with technical knowledge in the field that various alterations in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the following claims. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, p. 122 / 299

Claims

1 / 7 CLAIMS I. Display panel (10), characterized in that it comprises: a substrate (100) that includes a display area (DA); and a plurality of unit areas (PUs) arranged on the substrate (100), the plurality of unit areas (PUs) being adjacent to each other in the display area (DA), wherein each of the plurality of unit areas (PUs) comprises a first display element, a second display element and a third display element configured to emit light of different colors, wherein the first display element, the second display element and the third display element are arranged in each of the plurality of unit areas (PUs), wherein the first display element comprises: a distinct first display element wherein the planar shape of an emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) is a polygon with one long side and one short side;and a second distinct display element that is spaced from the first distinct display element and in which the planar shape of an emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) is a polygon with one long side and one short side, and in which an arbitrary straight line extending from the long side of the planar shape of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the first distinct display element is perpendicular to an arbitrary straight line extending from the long side of the planar shape of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the second distinct display element.

2. Display panel (10), according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a plurality of subpixel circuits (PCs) arranged in each of the plurality of Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, page 123 / 299 2 / 7 unit areas (PUs) and connected to each of the first display element, the second display element and the third display element, wherein one of the multiple subpixel circuits (PCs) is connected simultaneously to the first distinct display element and to the second distinct display element.

3. Display panel (10), according to claim 1, characterized in that the first distinct display element and the second distinct display element are configured to emit red light or green light.

4. Display panel (10), according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat shape of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the first distinct display element and the flat shape of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the second distinct display element are a rectangular shape or an octagonal shape.

5. Display panel (10), according to claim 1, characterized in that when the first display element emits light, the first distinct display element and the second distinct display element simultaneously emit light of the same color.

6. Display panel (10), according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance from an edge of a flat format of an emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of one of the second display elements or of the third display element, being this adjacent to the long side of the first distinct display element, to the long side of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the first distinct display element is equal to the distance from an edge of a flat format of an emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of one of the second display elements or of the third display element, being this adjacent to the short side of the first distinct display element, to the short side of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the first distinct display element.

7. Display panel (10), according to claim 1, characterized in that each center of the flat shape of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the first distinct display element, of the center of the flat shape of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the second distinct display element, of the center of the flat shape of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the second display element and of the center of the flat shape of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the third display element is arranged at a vertex of a square.

8. Display panel (10), according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the centers of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the first distinct display element or one of the centers of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the second distinct display element and one of the centers of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the third display element, which are arranged in each of the plurality of unit areas (PUs), are arranged in a straight line, and / or in that one of the centers of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the first distinct display element or one of the centers of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the second distinct display element and one of the centers of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the third display element, which are arranged in each of the plurality of unit areas (PUs), are arranged in a line straight.

9. Display panel (10), according to claim 1, characterized in that the center of the flat shape of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the first distinct display element and the center of the flat shape of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the second distinct display element are arranged in a diagonal direction in each of the plurality of unit areas (PUs). Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, p. 125 / 299 4 / 7 10. Display panel (10), according to claim 1, characterized in that the center of the flat shape of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the first distinct display element and the center of a flat shape of an emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the second distinct display element, which are arranged in the display area (DA), are arranged in a serpentine shape.

11. Display panel (10), according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an anti-reflective layer (600) on the first display element, on the second display element and on the third display element, the anti-reflective layer (600) comprising a color filter.

12. Display panel (10), according to claim 1, characterized in that, when each of the first display element, the second display element and the third display element having different aperture rates, is arranged in each of the plurality of unit areas (PUs), the first display element has the lowest aperture rate among the first display element, the second display element, and the third display element arranged in each of the plurality of unit areas (PUs), or the difference between the aperture rate of the first display element and the aperture rate of one of the second display element or the third display element, the one that has the lowest aperture rate, is equal to or less than 10%.

13. Display panel (10), according to claim 1, characterized in that one side of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the first distinct display element and / or one side of a flat format of an emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the second distinct display element are arranged within a distance between two parallel sides of a flat format of an emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the second display element Petition 870250106926, 11 / 21 / 2025, p. 126 / 299 5 / 7 and / or arranged within a distance between two parallel sides of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the third display element.

14. Electronic device, characterized in that it comprises a display panel (10), wherein the display panel (10) comprises: a substrate (100) which includes a display area (DA); and a plurality of unit areas (PUs) arranged on the substrate (100), the plurality of unit areas (PUs) being adjacent to each other in the display area (DA), wherein each of the plurality of unit areas (PUs) comprises a first display element, a second display element and a third display element configured to emit light of different colors, wherein the first display element, the second display element and the third display element are arranged in each of the plurality of unit areas (PUs), wherein the first display element comprises: a distinct first display element wherein the planar shape of an emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) is a polygon with one long side and one short side;and a second distinct display element that is spaced from the first distinct display element and in which the planar shape of an emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) is a polygon with one long side and one short side, and in which an arbitrary straight line extending from the long side of the planar shape of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the first distinct display element is perpendicular to an arbitrary straight line extending from the long side of the planar shape of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the second distinct display element. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, p. 127 / 299 6 / 7; 15. Electronic device, according to claim 14, characterized in that it further comprises a plurality of subpixel circuits (PCs) arranged in each of the plurality of unit areas (PUs) and connected to each of the first display element, the second display element and the third display element, wherein one of the multiple subpixel circuits (PCs) is connected simultaneously to the first distinct display element and to the second distinct display element.

16. Electronic device according to claim 14, characterized in that the first distinct display element and the second distinct display element are configured to emit red light or green light.

17. Electronic device according to claim 14, characterized in that when the first distinct display element emits light, the first display element and the second distinct display element simultaneously emit light of the same color.

18. Electronic device, according to claim 14, characterized in that the distance from an edge of the flat format of an emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of one of the second display elements or the third display element, being this adjacent to the long side of the first distinct display element, to the long side of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the first distinct display element, is equal to the distance from an edge of the flat format of an emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of another display element of the second display element and the third display element, being this adjacent to the short side of the first distinct display element, to the short side of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the first distinct display element.

19. Electronic device, according to claim 14, Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, p.128 / 299 7 / 7 characterized in that one of the centers of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the first distinct display element or one of the centers of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the second distinct display element and one of the centers of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the second display element, which are arranged in each of the plurality of unit areas (PUs), are arranged in a straight line, and / or in that one of the centers, being the center of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the first distinct display element or the center of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the second distinct display element, and the center of the flat format of the emission area (EA1, EA2, EA3) of the third display element, which are arranged in each of the plurality of unit areas (PUs), are arranged in a straight line.

20. Electronic device, according to claim 14, characterized in that, when each of the first display element, the second display element, and the third display element with different aperture rates is arranged in each of the plurality of unit areas (PUs), the first display element has the lowest aperture rate among the first display element, the second display element, and the third display element arranged in each of the plurality of unit areas (PUs), or a difference between an aperture rate of the first display element and an aperture rate of one of the second or third display elements, the one with the lowest aperture rate, is equal to or less than 10%. Petition 870250106926, dated 11 / 21 / 2025, pp. 129 / 299

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