GLASSES

Abstract

 

Description

[0001] This Application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 549,711, filed October 20, 2011, entitled “EYEWEAR WITH CHROMA ENHANCEMENT” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 645,543, filed May 10, 2012, entitled “EYEWEAR WITH LAMINATED FUNCTIONAL LAYERS.” The full contents of each of these applications are incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification. BACKGROUND Field

[0002] This description generally refers to eyeglasses and more specifically to the lenses used in eyeglasses. Description of the Related Technique

[0003] Eyeglasses may include optical elements that attenuate light in one or more wavelength ranges. For example, sunglasses typically include a lens that absorbs a significant portion of light in the visible spectrum. A sunglass lens may have a dark coating or film that strongly absorbs visible light, thereby significantly decreasing the light transmittance of the lenses. A lens may also be designed to have a spectral profile for another purpose, such as, for example, for indoor use, for use in sports activities, for another particular use, or for a combination of uses. SUMMARY Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 4 / 165 2 / 146

[0004] Examples of embodiments described herein have various aspects, none of which is indispensable or solely responsible for their desirable attributes. Without limiting the scope of the claims, some of the advantageous aspects will now be summarized.

[0005] Some embodiments provide a lens including a lens body and an optical filter within and / or outside the lens body configured to attenuate visible light in a plurality of spectral bands. In some embodiments where the optical filter is within the lens body, the optical filter may constitute the lens body or the optical filter and additional components may constitute the lens body. The optical filter may be configured to substantially increase the color volume, clarity, and / or vividness of a scene. The optical filter may be particularly suitable for use with eyeglasses and may allow the eyeglass wearer to view a scene in high-definition color (HD color). Each of the plurality of spectral bands may include an absorbance peak with a spectral bandwidth, a maximum absorbance, and an absorbance peak area integrated within the spectral bandwidth.Spectral bandwidth can be defined as the total width of the absorbance peak at 80% of the maximum absorbance peak, the total width of the absorbance peak at 90% of the maximum absorbance peak, or the total width of the absorbance peak at 95% of the maximum absorbance peak. Many other suitable definitions are possible. In some embodiments, an attenuation factor obtained by dividing the absorbance peak area integrated into the spectral bandwidth by the spectral bandwidth of the absorbance peak may be greater than or equal to about 0.8 for the absorbance peak in at least some of the plurality of spectral bands. In some embodiments, the spectral bandwidth of the absorbance peak in each of the plurality of spectral bands may be greater than or equal to about 20 nm. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 5 / 165 3 / 146

[0006] In certain embodiments, the optical filter is at least partially incorporated into the lens body. The lens body may be impregnated, loaded, or otherwise incorporate one or more organic dyes. Each of one or more organic dyes may be configured to produce the absorbance peak in one of a plurality of spectral bands. In some embodiments, the optical filter is at least partially incorporated into a lens coating disposed over the lens body.

[0007] Some embodiments provide a method of fabricating a lens. The method may involve forming a lens having an optical filter configured to attenuate visible light in a plurality of spectral bands. Each of the plurality of spectral bands may include an absorbance peak with a spectral bandwidth, a maximum absorbance, and an absorbance peak area integrated into the spectral bandwidth. The spectral bandwidth may be defined as the total width of the absorbance peak at 80% of the maximum absorbance of the absorbance peak. An attenuation factor of the absorbance peak in each of the plurality of spectral bands may be greater than or equal to about 0.8 and less than 1. The attenuation factor of an absorbance peak may be obtained by dividing the absorbance peak area integrated into the spectral bandwidth by the spectral bandwidth of the absorbance peak.

[0008] In certain embodiments, a lens may be formed by forming a lens body and forming a lens coating over the lens body. At least part of the optical filter may be incorporated into the lens body. At least part of the optical filter may be incorporated into the lens coating. The lens coating may include an interference coating.

[0009] In some embodiments, a lens body may be formed by a method involving the formation of a plurality of elements. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 6 / 165 4 / 146 of lens body and coupling the lens body elements to one another using one or more bonding layers. A polarizing film may be disposed between two of the plurality of lens body elements. In some embodiments, the polarizing film may be molded by insertion into the lens body.

[0010] Some embodiments provide a lens including a lens body and an optical filter characterized by a spectral absorbance profile including a plurality of absorbance peaks. Each of the plurality of absorbance peaks may have an absorbance maximum, a peak location at the wavelength at which the absorbance peak exhibits maximum absorbance, a spectral bandwidth defined as the total width of the absorbance peak at 80% of the absorbance peak's maximum absorbance, and a central wavelength located at a midpoint of the spectral bandwidth of the absorbance peak. The plurality of absorbance peaks may include a first absorbance peak having a central wavelength and / or peak location between about 558 nm and about 580 nm and a second absorbance peak having a central wavelength and / or peak location between about 445 nm and about 480 nm.The spectral bandwidth of each of the plurality of absorbance peaks can be between about 20 nm and about 50 nm.

[0011] In some embodiments, the plurality of absorbance peaks may include a first absorbance peak having a central wavelength and / or peak location between about 560 nm and about 600 nm and a second absorbance peak having a central wavelength and / or peak location between about 450 nm and about 490 nm. The spectral bandwidth of each of the plurality of absorbance peaks may be between about 15 nm and about 50 nm. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 7 / 165 5 / 146

[0012] Some embodiments provide a lens including a lens body and an optical filter characterized by a spectral absorbance profile including a plurality of absorbance peaks. Each of the plurality of absorbance peaks may have a maximum absorbance, a peak location at the wavelength at which the absorbance peak exhibits maximum absorbance, a spectral bandwidth defined as the total width of the absorbance peak at 80% of the maximum absorbance of the absorbance peak, and a central wavelength located at a midpoint of the spectral bandwidth of the absorbance peak. The plurality of absorbance peaks may include a first absorbance peak having a central wavelength and / or peak location between approximately 558 nm and approximately 580 nm and a second absorbance peak having a central wavelength and / or peak location between approximately 445 nm and approximately 480 nm. The spectral bandwidth of each of the plurality of absorbance peaks can be between approximately 20 nm and approximately 50 nm.

[0013] In some embodiments, the plurality of absorbance peaks may include a first absorbance peak having a central wavelength and / or peak location between about 560 nm and about 600 nm and a second absorbance peak having a central wavelength and / or peak location between about 450 nm and about 490 nm. The spectral bandwidth of each of the plurality of absorbance peaks may be between about 15 nm and about 50 nm.

[0014] In certain embodiments, each of the first absorbance peak and the second absorbance peak has an absorbance peak area integrated into the spectral bandwidth and an attenuation factor obtained by dividing the absorbance peak area integrated by the spectral bandwidth of the absorbance peak. The attenuation factor of each of the first absorbance peak and the second absorbance peak Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 8 / 165 6 / 146 can be greater than or equal to approximately 0.8.

[0015] A plurality of absorbance peaks may include a third absorbance peak configured to substantially attenuate light at least between about 405 nm and about 425 nm and a fourth absorbance peak configured to substantially attenuate light at least between about 650 nm and about 670 nm, between about 705 nm and about 725 nm, or between about 700 nm and about 720 nm. In another embodiment, the third absorbance peak is configured to substantially attenuate light at least between about 400 nm and about 420 nm. Each of the third absorbance peak and the fourth absorbance peak may have an absorbance peak area integrated into the spectral bandwidth and an attenuation factor obtained by dividing the absorbance peak area integrated by the spectral bandwidth of the absorbance peak. The attenuation factor of each of the third absorbance peak and the fourth absorbance peak may be greater than or equal to approximately 0.8.

[0016] In certain embodiments, a plurality of absorbance peaks may include a third absorbance peak configured to substantially attenuate light at least between about 650 nm and about 670 nm. The third absorbance peak may have an absorbance peak area integrated into the spectral bandwidth and an attenuation factor obtained by dividing the absorbance peak area integrated by the spectral bandwidth of the absorbance peak. The attenuation factor of each of the third absorbance peaks may be greater than or equal to about 0.8.

[0017] Some embodiments provide a lens that includes a lens body with an optical filter configured to increase the average chroma value of light transmitted through the lens in one or more parts of the visible spectrum. The chroma value is the C* attribute of the CIE L*C*h* color space. At least one part of the visible spectrum may Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 9 / 165 7 / 146 includes a spectral range of approximately 630 nm to approximately 660 nm. The increase in average chroma value may include an increase that is perceptible to a human with substantially normal vision.

[0018] In certain embodiments, the optical filter is configured to increase the average chroma value of light transmitted through the lens in a spectral range from about 540 nm to about 600 nm by a relative magnitude greater than or equal to about 3% compared with the average chroma value of light transmitted through a neutral filter within the spectral range.

[0019] The optical filter can be configured to increase the average chroma value of light transmitted through the lens in a spectral range from about 440 nm to about 480 nm by a relative magnitude greater than or equal to about 15% compared with the average chroma value of light transmitted through a neutral filter within the spectral range.

[0020] In some embodiments, the optical filter does not substantially decrease the average chroma value of light transmitted through the lens within one or more parts of the visible spectrum when compared with the average chroma value of light transmitted through a neutral filter. In certain embodiments, the optical filter does not substantially decrease the average chroma value of light transmitted through the lens within a spectral range of about 440 nm to about 660 nm when compared with the average chroma value of light transmitted through a neutral filter.

[0021] The optical filter can be configured to increase the average chroma value of light transmitted through the lens within a spectral range of about 630 to about 660 nm by a relative magnitude greater than or equal to about 3% compared with the average chroma value of light transmitted through a neutral filter within the spectral range. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 10 / 165 8 / 146

[0022] The optical filter may be at least partially incorporated into the lens body. For example, the lens body may be loaded with a plurality of organic inks, each of the plurality of organic inks configured to increase the average chroma value of light transmitted through the lens within one or more parts of the visible spectrum.

[0023] In some embodiments, the optical filter is at least partially incorporated into a lens coating disposed over at least part of the lens body. For example, the optical filter may include an interference coating.

[0024] In some embodiments, the optical filter may be at least partially incorporated into an adhesion layer, a polarization layer, or a combination of the adhesion layer and the polarization layer.

[0025] Certain embodiments provide a method of manufacturing a lens, the method including forming a lens including an optical filter configured to increase the average chroma value of light transmitted through the lens in one or more parts of the visible spectrum. At least one part of the visible spectrum may include a spectral range from about 630 nm to about 660 nm. The increase in average chroma value may include an increase that is perceptible to a human with substantially normal vision.

[0026] The lens forming step may include forming a lens body and forming a lens coating over the lens body. At least part of the optical filter may be incorporated into the lens body. At least part of the optical filter may be incorporated into the lens coating. For example, the lens coating may include an interference coating. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 11 / 165 9 / 146

[0027] The lens body forming step may include forming a plurality of lens body elements and coupling the lens body elements to one another using one or more bonding layers. The polarizing film may be disposed between two of a plurality of lens body elements. The lens may include one or more components that substantially absorb ultraviolet radiation, including near-ultraviolet radiation. In some embodiments, the polarizing film may be molded by insertion into the lens body.

[0028] Some embodiments provide a lens including a lens body and an optical filter configured to increase the average chroma value of light transmitted through the lens in one or more parts of the visible spectrum. One or more parts of the visible spectrum may include a spectral range from about 540 nm to about 600 nm. The increase in average chroma value may include an increase that is perceptible to a human with substantially normal vision.

[0029] Certain embodiments provide a lens including a lens body and an optical filter configured to increase the average chroma value of light transmitted through the lens within one or more parts of the visible spectrum. Three of one or more parts of the visible spectrum may include a spectral range from about 440 nm to about 510 nm, a spectral range from about 540 nm to about 600 nm, and a spectral range from about 630 nm to about 660 nm. The increase in average chroma value may include an increase that is perceptible to a human with substantially normal vision.

[0030] Some embodiments provide a lens for eyeglasses including a lens body and an optical filter including a plurality of organic inks. Each of the plurality of organic inks is configured to attenuate visible light in one or more spectral bands. Each one or more spectral bands includes an absorbance peak with a Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 12 / 165 10 / 146 spectral bandwidth, a maximum absorbance, and an absorbance peak area integrated into the spectral bandwidth. The spectral bandwidth can be defined as the total width of the absorbance peak at 80% of the maximum absorbance of the absorbance peak. The attenuation factor of an absorbance peak can be obtained by dividing the absorbance peak area integrated into the spectral bandwidth by the spectral bandwidth of the absorbance peak. For one or more of a plurality of organic inks, the attenuation factor of at least one absorbance peak is greater than or equal to about 0.8.

[0031] For example, one or more of a plurality of organic inks may include an absorbance profile having a blue light absorbance peak with a central wavelength and / or peak location between about 470 nm and about 480 nm. In some embodiments, the spectral bandwidth of the blue light absorbance peak may be greater than or equal to about 20 nm and the attenuation factor of the blue light absorbance peak may be greater than or equal to about 0.9.

[0032] One or more of a plurality of organic inks may include an absorbance profile having a yellow light absorbance peak or yellow-green light absorbance peak with a central wavelength and / or peak location between about 560 nm and about 580 nm. In some embodiments, the spectral bandwidth of the yellow light absorbance peak or yellow-green light absorbance peak may be greater than or equal to about 20 nm and the attenuation factor of the yellow light absorbance peak or yellow-green light absorbance peak may be greater than or equal to about 0.85.

[0033] One or more of a plurality of organic inks may include an absorbance profile having a peak absorbance of red light or orange-red light with a central wavelength Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 13 / 165 11 / 146 and / or peak location between about 600 nm and about 680 nm. In some embodiments, the spectral bandwidth of the red light absorbance peak or orange-red light may be greater than or equal to about 20 nm and the attenuation factor of the red light absorbance peak is greater than or equal to about 0.9.

[0034] Each of the plurality of organic inks can be selected to increase the chroma value of light transmitted through the lenses in one or more chroma enhancement windows. One or more chroma enhancement windows may include a first spectral band from about 440 nm to about 510 nm, a second spectral band from about 540 nm to about 600 nm, a third spectral band from about 630 nm to about 660 nm, or any combination of the first, second, and third spectral bands.

[0035] Certain embodiments provide a lens including a lens body and an optical filter configured to attenuate visible light in a plurality of spectral bands. Each of the plurality of spectral bands includes an absorbance peak with a spectral bandwidth, an absorbance maximum, lower and upper edge portions that are substantially below the absorbance maximum, and a middle portion positioned between the lower and upper edge portions and including the absorbance maximum and a region substantially near the absorbance maximum. In some embodiments, one of the lower or upper edge portions of at least one absorbance peak lies within a spectral window of the object including a spectral region in which the object emits or reflects a substantially visible stimulus.

[0036] The optical filter can be configured in such a way that one part of the lower or upper edge of at least one absorbance peak lies within a basis spectral window. The basis spectral window includes a spectral region in which the basis Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 14 / 165 12 / 146 emits or reflects a substantial visible stimulus.

[0037] The optical filter may be at least partially incorporated into the lens body. The lens body may be impregnated with a plurality of organic inks, each of the plurality of organic inks configured to produce the absorbance peak in one of a plurality of spectral bands.

[0038] The optical filter may be at least partially incorporated into a lens coating disposed over at least part of the lens body. For example, the optical filter may include an interference coating. The optical filter may also be at least partially incorporated into an adhesion layer, a polarization layer, or a combination of the adhesion layer and the polarization layer.

[0039] Some embodiments provide a method for manufacturing a lens, the method including forming an optical filter configured to attenuate visible light in a plurality of spectral bands. Each of the plurality of spectral bands including an absorbance peak with a spectral bandwidth, an absorbance maximum, lower and upper edge portions that are substantially below the absorbance maximum, and a middle portion positioned between the lower and upper edge portions and including the absorbance maximum and a region substantially near the absorbance maximum. One of the lower or upper edge portions of at least one absorbance peak may lie within a spectral window of the object including a spectral region in which the object emits or reflects a substantial visible stimulus. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Several modalities are described in the accompanying drawings. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 15 / 165 13 / 146 for illustrative purposes and should in no way be interpreted as limiting the scope of the inventions. Furthermore, various aspects of different embodiments described may be combined to form additional embodiments, which are part of this description. Any aspect or structure may be removed or omitted. In all drawings, reference numbers may be reused to indicate correspondence between reference elements.

[0041] FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a pair of eyeglasses incorporating lenses with a chroma-enhancing optical filter.

[0042] FIG. 1B is a profile view of one of the lenses shown in Figure 1A.

[0043] FIG. 2A is a graph showing sensitivity curves for cone photoreceptor cells in human eyes.

[0044] FIG. 2B is a graph showing the tri-stimulus functions 1931 CIE XYZ.

[0045] FIG. 3 is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profile of a sunglass lens with an optical filter.

[0046] FIG. 4A is a graph showing the percentage difference in chroma of a lens with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 3 compared with a neutral filter.

[0047] FIG. 4B is a chromaticity diagram for the lens having the absorbance profile shown in Figure 3.

[0048] FIG. 5 is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profile of an optical filter.

[0049] FIG. 6A is a graph showing the chroma profile of a filter with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 5 and of the neutral filter. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 16 / 165 14 / 146

[0050] FIG. 6B is a graph showing the percentage difference in chroma of a filter with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 5 compared to a neutral filter.

[0051] FIG. 7 is a chromaticity diagram for an optical filter having the absorbance profile shown in Figure 5.

[0052] FIG. 8 is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profile of another optical filter.

[0053] FIG. 9A is a graph showing the chroma profile of a filter with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 8 and of a neutral filter.

[0054] FIG. 9B is a graph showing the percentage difference in chroma of a filter with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 8 compared with a neutral filter.

[0055] FIG. 10 is a chromaticity diagram for an optical filter having the absorbance profile shown in Figure 8.

[0056] FIG. 11 is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profile of another optical filter.

[0057] FIG. 12A is a graph showing the chroma profile of a filter with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 11 and of a neutral filter.

[0058] FIG. 12B is a graph showing the percentage difference in chroma of a filter with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 11 compared with a neutral filter.

[0059] FIG. 13 is a chromaticity diagram for an optical filter having the absorbance profile shown in Figure 11.

[0060] FIG. 14 is a graph showing the absorbance profiles. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 17 / 165 15 / 146 spectral patterns from three different optical filters.

[0061] FIG. 15A is a graph showing the chroma profiles of three filters, each filter with one of the absorbance profiles shown in Figure 14, and of a neutral filter.

[0062] FIG. 15B is a graph showing the percentage differences in chroma of three different filters with the absorbance profiles shown in Figure 14 compared with a neutral filter.

[0063] FIG. 16 is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profiles of three different optical filters.

[0064] FIG. 17A is a graph showing the chroma profiles of three filters, each filter with one of the absorbance profiles shown in Figure 16, and of a neutral filter.

[0065] FIG. 17B is a graph showing the percentage differences in chroma of the three different filters with the absorbance profiles shown in Figure 16 compared with a neutral filter.

[0066] FIG. 18 is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profile of another optical filter.

[0067] FIG. 19A is a graph showing the chroma profile of a filter with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 18 and of a neutral filter.

[0068] FIG. 19B is a graph showing the percentage difference in chroma of a filter with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 18 compared with a neutral filter.

[0069] FIG. 20 is a chromaticity diagram for an optical filter having the absorbance profile shown in Figure 18. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 18 / 165 16 / 146

[0070] FIG. 21 is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profile of another optical filter.

[0071] FIG. 22A is a graph showing the chroma profile of a filter with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 21 and of a neutral filter.

[0072] FIG. 22B is a graph showing the percentage difference in chroma of a filter with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 21 compared with a neutral filter.

[0073] FIG. 23 is a chromaticity diagram for an optical filter having the absorbance profile shown in Figure 21.

[0074] FIG. 24 is a graph showing the luminous efficiency profile of the human eye.

[0075] FIG. 25 is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profile of another optical filter.

[0076] FIG. 26A is a graph showing the chroma profile of a filter with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 25 and of a neutral filter.

[0077] FIG. 26B is a graph showing the percentage difference in chroma of a filter with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 25 compared with a neutral filter.

[0078] FIG. 27 is a chromaticity diagram for an optical filter having the absorbance profile shown in Figure 25.

[0079] FIG. 28 is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profile of another optical filter.

[0080] FIG. 29A is a graph showing the chroma profile of a Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 19 / 165 17 / 146 filter with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 28 and of a neutral filter.

[0081] FIG. 29B is a graph showing the percentage difference in chroma of a filter with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 28 compared with a neutral filter.

[0082] FIG. 30 is a chromaticity diagram for an optical filter having the absorbance profile shown in Figure 28.

[0083] FIG. 31 is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profile of a non-polarized lens with an exemplary optical filter.

[0084] FIG. 32A is a graph showing the chroma profile of a non-polarized lens as shown in Figure 31 and of a neutral filter.

[0085] FIG. 32B is a graph showing the percentage difference in chroma of a lens with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 31 compared to a neutral filter.

[0086] FIG. 33 is a chromaticity diagram for the lens with the spectral absorbance profile shown in Figure 31.

[0087] FIG. 34 is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profile of a non-polarized lens with another exemplary optical filter.

[0088] FIG. 35A is a graph showing the chroma profile of the lens with the spectral absorbance profile shown in Figure 34 and of a neutral filter.

[0089] FIG. 35B is a graph showing the percentage difference in chroma of a lens with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 34 compared to a neutral filter. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 20 / 165 18 / 146

[0090] FIG. 36 is a chromaticity diagram for the lens with the spectral absorbance profile shown in Figure 34.

[0091] FIG. 37 is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profile of another optical filter.

[0092] FIG. 38A is a graph showing the chroma profile of a filter with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 37 and of a neutral filter.

[0093] FIG. 38B is a graph showing the percentage difference in chroma of a filter with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 37 compared with a neutral filter.

[0094] FIG. 39 is a chromaticity diagram for the filter with the spectral absorbance profile shown in Figure 37.

[0095] FIG. 40 is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profile of a lens fused with an optical filter.

[0096] FIG. 41A is a graph showing the chroma profile of a lens with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 40 and of a neutral filter.

[0097] FIG. 41B is a graph showing the percentage difference in chroma of a lens with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 40 compared to a neutral filter.

[0098] FIG. 42 is a chromaticity diagram for the lens with the spectral absorbance profile shown in Figure 40.

[0099] FIGS. 43-48 illustrate exemplary chroma enhancement window settings for optical filters.

[0100] FIG. 49 illustrates a spectral strength distribution Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 21 / 165 19 / 146 representative of the light reflected or emitted from a golf ball under outdoor lighting conditions.

[0101] FIG. 50 is a graph showing the absorbance profile of an in-mold lens having an optical filter with the absorbance profile of Figure 40 and a polarizer having a substantially neutral gray tint.

[0102] FIG. 51 is a graph showing the percentage difference in chroma of a lens with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 50 compared to a neutral filter.

[0103] FIG. 52 is a chromaticity diagram for the lens with the optical filter shown in Figure 50.

[0104] FIG. 53 is a perspective view of a pair of eyeglasses incorporating lenses with a chroma-enhancing optical filter with a cutaway view of one of the lenses.

[0105] FIG. 54 is a sectional view of an embodiment of a lens having a lens body and a laminate.

[0106] FIG. 55 is a profile view of a lens mold.

[0107] FIG. 56 is a graph showing the absorbance profile of three injection-molded lenses that were molded at different temperatures.

[0108] FIGS. 57 and 57A show a perspective view of eyeglasses with a portion cut away to show an exemplary configuration of lens elements.

[0109] FIGS. 58 and 58A show a perspective view of eyeglasses with a portion cut off to show another exemplary configuration of lens elements. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 22 / 165 20 / 146

[0110] FIG. 59A is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profile of a loaded ink on polycarbonate.

[0111] FIG. 59B is a graph showing an absorbance profile that corresponds to the absorbance profile in Figure 59A.

[0112] FIG. 60A is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profile of a lens incorporating a chroma enhancement filter.

[0113] FIG. 60B is a graph showing an absorbance profile that corresponds to the absorbance profile in Figure 60A.

[0114] FIG. 61A is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profile of another lens incorporating a chroma enhancement filter.

[0115] FIG. 61B is a graph showing an absorbance profile that corresponds to the absorbance profile in Figure 61A.

[0116] FIG. 62A is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profile of a chroma enhancement filter.

[0117] FIG. 62B is a graph showing an absorbance profile that corresponds to the absorbance profile in Figure 62A.

[0118] FIG. 63A is a graph showing the spectral absorbance profile of a lens incorporating the chroma-enhancing filter of Figure 62A and a polarizer.

[0119] FIG. 63B is a graph showing an absorbance profile that corresponds to the absorbance profile in Figure 63A. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED MODALITIES

[0120] Although certain examples and preferred embodiments are described below, inventive subject matter extends beyond the embodiments Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 23 / 165 21 / 146 specifically described to other alternative uses and / or embodiments and to modifications and equivalents thereof. Thus, the scope of the claims appended hereto is not limited by any of the particular embodiments described below. For example, in any method or process described herein, the actions or operations of the method or process may be performed in any suitable sequence and are not necessarily limited to any particular described sequence. Several operations may be described as multiple discrete operations in turn, in a manner that may be useful in understanding certain embodiments; however, the order of description should not be taken to imply that these operations are order-dependent. Additionally, the structures described herein may be incorporated as integrated components or as separate components. For purposes of comparing various embodiments, certain aspects and advantages of these embodiments are described.Not all such aspects or advantages are necessarily obtained by any particular method. Thus, for example, several methods can be implemented in a way that achieves or optimizes an advantage or group of advantages as taught here without necessarily obtaining other aspects or advantages that can also be taught or suggested here.

[0121] The objects that human beings can visually observe in the environment typically emit, reflect, or transmit visible light from one or more surfaces. Surfaces can be considered an arrangement of points that the human eye is unable to resolve more finely. Each point on the surface does not emit, reflect, or transmit a single wavelength of light; instead, it emits, reflects, or transmits a broad spectrum of wavelengths that is interpreted as a single color in the human eye. Generally speaking, if one observes the corresponding “single wavelength” of light for that interpreted color (e.g., a Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 24 / 165 22 / 146 visual stimulus having a very narrow spectral bandwidth, such as 1 nm), it would appear extremely vivid when compared to a color interpreted from a wide spectrum of observed wavelengths.

[0122] An optical filter can be configured to remove the outer parts of a broad visual stimulus to make colors appear more vivid when perceived in human vision. The outer part of a broad visual stimulus refers to the wavelength that, when substantially, almost completely, or completely attenuated, decreases the bandwidth of the stimulus such that the vividness of the perceived color is increased. An optical filter for eyeglasses can be configured to substantially increase the color volume, clarity, and / or vividness of a scene. Such an optical filter for eyeglasses can allow the user to see the scene in high-definition color (HD color). In some modalities, the parts of a visual stimulus that are not substantially attenuated include at least the wavelengths to which the cone photoreceptor cells in the human eye have the highest sensitivity.In certain modalities, the bandwidth of the color stimulus when the optical filter is applied includes at least the wavelengths for which cone photoreceptor cells have the highest sensitivity. In some modalities, a person wearing a lens incorporating an optical filter described here may perceive a substantial increase in the clarity of a scene. The increase in perceived clarity may result, for example, from increased contrast, increased chroma, or a combination of factors.

[0123] The vividness of interpreted colors is correlated with an attribute known as the chroma value of a color. The chroma value is one of the attributes or coordinates of the CIE L*C*h* color space. Along with attributes known as hue and lightness, chroma can Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 25 / 165 23 / 146 can be used to define the colors that are perceptible in human vision. It has been determined that visual acuity is positively correlated with the chroma values ​​of colors in an image. In other words, an observer's visual acuity is greater when viewing a scene with colors of high chroma value than when viewing the same scene with colors of lower chroma value.

[0124] An optical filter can be configured to enhance the chroma profile of a scene when the scene is viewed through a lens incorporating the optical filter. The optical filter can be configured to increase or decrease the chroma in one or more chroma enhancement windows to achieve any desired effect. The chroma enhancement optical filter can be configured to preferably transmit or attenuate light in any desired chroma enhancement window. Any suitable process can be used to determine the desired chroma enhancement windows. For example, the predominantly reflected or emitted colors in a selected environment can be measured, and a filter can be adapted to provide chroma enhancement in one or more spectral regions that correspond to the colors that are predominantly reflected or emitted.

[0125] In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1A, glasses 100 include lenses 102a, 102b having an optical chroma-enhancing filter. The chroma-enhancing filter generally alters the color volume of a scene viewed through one or more lenses 102a, 102b, compared to a scene viewed through a lens with the same luminous transmittance but a different spectral transmittance profile. The glasses may be of any type, including general-purpose glasses, special-purpose glasses, sunglasses, driving glasses, sports glasses, indoor glasses, outdoor glasses, vision correction glasses, contrast-enhancing glasses, glasses designed for other purposes, or glasses designed for Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 26 / 165 24 / 146 a combination of purposes.

[0126] In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1B, a lens 102 incorporates several lens elements. The lens elements include a lens coating 202, a first lens body element 204, a film layer 206, and a second lens body element 208. Many variations in the configuration of lens 102 are possible. For example, lens 102 may include a polarizing layer, one or more adhesive layers, a photochromic layer, an anti-reflective coating, a mirror coating, an interference coating, a scratch-resistant coating, a hydrophobic coating, an anti-static coating, other lens elements, or a combination of lens components. If lens 102 includes a photochromic layer, the photochromic material may include a neutral density photochromic or any other suitable photochromic.At least some of the lens materials and / or components may be selected such that they have a substantially neutral visible light spectral profile. Alternatively, the visible light spectral profiles may cooperate to achieve any desired lens chromaticity, a chroma enhancement effect, another objective, or any combination of objectives. The polarizing layer, the photochromic layer, and / or other functional layers may be incorporated into the film layer 206, the lens coating 202, one or more of the lens body elements 204, 208, or may be incorporated into additional lens elements. In some embodiments, a lens 102 incorporates fewer than all the lens elements shown in Figure IB.

[0127] The lens may include a UV-absorbing layer or a layer that includes UV absorption outside of the optical filter layer. Such a layer may reduce bleaching of the optical filter. In addition, UV-absorbing agents may be arranged in any Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 27 / 165 25 / 146 lens component or combination of lens components.

[0128] Lens body elements 204, 208 may be made of glass, a polymeric material, a copolymer, a doped material, another material, or a combination of materials. In some embodiments, one or more parts of the optical filter may be incorporated into the lens coating 202, into one or more lens body elements 204, 208, into a film layer 206, into an adhesive layer, into a polarizing layer, into another lens element, or into a combination of elements.

[0129] Lens body elements 204, 208 may be manufactured by any known technique, such as, for example, injection molding or casting. Injection molding may expose a lens to temperatures that degrade or decompose certain inks. Thus, when the optical filter is included in one or more lens body elements, a wider range of inks may be selected for inclusion in the optical filter when the lens body elements are made by casting than when the lens body is made by injection molding. Furthermore, a wide range of inks or other optical filter structures may be available when the optical filter is implemented at least partially in a lens coating.

[0130] A sunglass lens substantially attenuates light in the visible spectral region. However, the light need not be attenuated uniformly or even generally uniformly across the visible spectrum. Instead, the light that is attenuated can be tailored to achieve a specific chroma enhancement profile or other objective. A sunglass lens can be configured to attenuate light in spectral bands that are selected in such a way that the scene receives one or more of the enhancements or features described herein. Such enhancements or features can be selected to benefit the user during one or more particular activities or in one or more Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 28 / 165 26 / 146 specific environments.

[0131] To design a filter that enhances chroma for a color array, one can explain the mechanisms involved in the eye's perception of color. The photopically adapted eye (e.g., the human eye) shows maximum sensitivities at 440, 545, and 565 nm. These maximum sensitivities correspond to each of the three optical sensors found in the retina of the eye known as cones. The location and shape of the cone sensitivity profiles have recently been measured with substantial precision in Stockman and Sharpe, “The spectral sensitivities of the middle- and long-wavelength sensitive cones derived from measurements in observers of known genotype,” Vision Research 40 (2000), pp. 1711–1737, which is incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification. The S, M, L sensitivity profiles for the cone photoreceptor cells in the human eye as measured by Stockman and Sharpe are shown in Figure 2A.

[0132] Cone sensitivity profiles can be converted from sensitivity data to quantities describing color, such as, for example, CIE tri-stimulus color values. The CIE XYZ tri-stimulus functions are shown in Figure 2B. In some embodiments, CIE tri-stimulus color values ​​are used to design an optical filter. For example, CIE color values ​​can be used to calculate the effect of an optical filter on perceived color using chroma values, C*, in the CIE L*C*h* color space.

[0133] Human cone sensitivities can be converted to the 1931 CIE XYZ color space using the linear transformation matrix M described in Golz and Macleod, “Colorimetry for CRT displays”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A vol. 20, no. 5 (May 2003), pp. 769-781, which is incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification. The linear transformation is shown in Eq. 1: Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 29 / 165 27 / 146 I,17156 M = 0.15955 0X1916 0.52901 0.02199 0.4 x 553 0.0429 ft 0.039X9 1.0399ft· ΓΧ M = MY Me? (Eq. 1) To solve for the 1931 CIE XYZ (XYZ) color space values, the Stockman and Sharpe 2000 data can be scaled by factors of 0.628, 0.42, and 1.868 for sensitivities and cone L, M, and S, respectively, and multiplied by the inverse of the linear transformation matrix M as shown in Eqs. 2-1 and 2-2: (Eq. 2-1) where: [2.89186 -3.13517 0,.19072 ' 0.95178 1.02077 - 0.0220'6 -0.01677 0.09691 0.95724 (Eq. 2-2)

[0134] The CIE tri-stimulus values, XYZ, can be converted to the 1976 CIE L*a*b* color space coordinates using the nonlinear equations shown in Eqs. 3-1 through 3-7. Where Xn= 95.02, Yn= 100.00 and Zn= 108.82, tf = 5QD í - - - 4' j è' — 200 1 ' / >7 l·. *FS (Eq. 3-1) (Eq. 3-2) (Eq. 3-3) Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 30 / 165 28 / 146 X / *7 Zf If i > or < 0.008856, then: £' = 903.3 [ i' y I α* = 500 fiχ / ν i - f\Y / vi \ ' J* ft. ; \ã* = 20O tx-Xf Yt For a > 0.008856; ' or f (o) = See Otherwise: / (a>= 7.87 to +16 / lle(Eq. 3-4) (Eq. 3-5) (Eq. 3-6) (Eq. 3-7) Chroma or C*, then, can be calculated by another conversion from CIE L*a*b* to CIE L*C*h* using Eq. 4: C- = (Eq. 4)

[0135] As mentioned above, the colors observed in the physical world are stimulated by wide ranges of wavelengths. To simulate this and then calculate the effects of an optical filter, the filtered and unfiltered bands of light are used as input to the cone sensitivity space. The effect on chroma can then be predicted through the transformations listed above.

[0136] By introducing a light spectrum into the cone sensitivity space, the mechanism of color recognition in the human eye can be explained. The color response of the eyes is performed by comparing the relative signals of each of the three cone types: S, M, and L. To model Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 31 / 165 29 / 146 With broadband light, a sum of the intensities at each wavelength in the input spectrum is weighted according to the cone sensitivity at that wavelength. This is repeated for all three cone sensitivity profiles. An example of this calculation is shown in Table A: Table A Wavelength λ (nm) Input light intensity, arbitrary units Cone sensitivity L Weighted light intensity L 500 0.12 x 0.27 = 0.032 501 0.14 x 0.28 = 0.039 502 0.16 x 0.31 = 0.05 503 0.17 x 0.33 = 0.056 504 0.25 x 0.36 = 0.09 505 0.41 x 0.37 = 0.152 506 0.55 x 0.39 = 0.215 507 0.64 x 0.41 = 0.262 508 0.75 x 0.42 = 0.315 509 0.63 x 0.44 = 0.277 510 0.54 x 0.46 = 0.248 511 0.43 x 0.48 = 0.206 512 0.25 x 0.49 = 0.123 513 0.21 x 0.50 = 0.105 514 0.18 x 0.51 = 0.092 515 0.16 x 0.52 = 0.083 516 0.15 x 0.54 = 0.081 517 0.13 x 0.56 = 0.073 518 0.11 x 0.57 = 0.063 Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 32 / 165 30 / 146 519 0.09 x 0.59 = 0.053 Intensity 520 0.08 x 0.61 = 0.049 of weighted light Sum 6.15 2.664 total, normalized 0.433

[0137] The normalized weighted light intensities for all three cone types can then be converted to the 1931 CIE XYZ color space via a linear transformation matrix, M. This conversion facilitates further conversion to the 1976 CIE L*a*b* color space and subsequent conversion to the CIE L*C*h color space to produce the chroma values.

[0138] To simulate the effect of a filter placed between the eye and the physical world, an incoming light band can be modified according to the absorption characteristics of a prospective filter. The weighted light intensity is then normalized according to the total sum of light that is transmitted through the filter.

[0139] In certain embodiments, to test the effect of a filter on various colors of light, the spectral profile, or at least the bandwidth, of an input is determined first. The appropriate bandwidth for the model input is typically affected by the environment of use for the optical filter. A reasonable bandwidth for a sunglass lens might be around 30 nm, as this bandwidth represents the approximate bandwidth of many colors perceived in the natural environment. Additionally, 30 nm is a narrow enough bandwidth to allow transmitted light to be included within the responsive parts of the cone sensitivity functions, which are approximately twice this bandwidth. A filter designed using an input bandwidth of 30 nm Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 33 / 165 31 / 146 will also improve the chroma of colors having other bandwidths, such as 20 nm or 80 nm. Thus, the effect of a filter on chroma can be determined using color inputs having a bandwidth of 30 nm or another suitable bandwidth that is sensitive to a wide range of natural color bandwidths.

[0140] Other bandwidths are possible. The bandwidth can be significantly widened or narrowed from 30 nm while preserving the chroma enhancement properties of many filter designs. The 30 nm bandwidth described above is representative of wider or narrower input bandwidths that can be used to produce the desired aspects of an optical filter. The term “bandwidth” is used here in its broad and ordinary sense. This description presents various techniques for characterizing the bandwidth of a spectral aspect. Unless otherwise specified, any suitable bandwidth characterization described herein can be applied to define the spectral aspects identified in this specification.For example, in some modes, the bandwidth of a peak encompasses the total width of a peak at half the peak's maximum value (FWHM value) and any other commonly used bandwidth measurements.

[0141] A sample calculation of the normalized L-weighted light intensity using a bandwidth of 30 nm and an exemplary filter is shown in Table B: Table B Input of arbitrary Intensity Compound units % of Sensitivity and of light to wavelength λ of Cone weighted (nm) Filtered TLL Intensity Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 34 / 165 32 / 146 Light output: 499 0 x 0.12 x 0.25 = 0.00 500 1 x 0.34 x 0.27 = 0.09 501 1 x 0.41 x 0.28 = 0.11 502 1 x 0.42 x 0.31 = 0.13 503 1 x 0.44 x 0.33 = 0.15 504 1 x 0.51 x 0.36 = 0.18 505 1 x 0.55 x 0.37 = 0.20 506 1 x 0.61 x 0.39 = 0.24 507 1 x 0.78 x 0.41 = 0.32 508 1 x 0.75 x 0.42 = 0.32 509 1 x 0.85 x 0.44 = 0.37 510 1 x 0.87 x 0.46 = 0.40 511 1 x 0.91 x 0.48 = 0.44 512 1 x 0.95 x 0.49 = 0.47 513 1 x 0.96 x 0.50 = 0.48 514 1 x 0.97 x 0.51 = 0.49 515 1 x 0.96 x 0.52 = 0.50 516 1 x 0.98 x 0.54 = 0.53 517 1 x 0.76 x 0.56 = 0.43 518 1 x 0.75 x 0.57 = 0.43 519 1 x 0.61 x 0.59 = 0.36 520 1 x 0.55 x 0.61 = 0.34 521 1 x 0.48 x 0.72 = 0.35 522 1 x .42 1 x 0.35 x 0.84 = 0.29 525 1 x 0.33 x 0.85 = 0.28 526 1 x 0.1 x 0.88 = 0.27 527 1 x 0.28 x 0.87 = 0.24 528 1 x 0.27 x 0.89 = 0.24 Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 35 / 165 33 / 146 529 1 x 0.22 x 0.91 = 0.20 Intensity 530 0 x 0.18 x 0.92 = 0.00 e of light 531 0 x 0.15 x 0.93 = 0.00 weighted L filtered Soma 30 18.4 9.51 total, normalized to 0.52

[0142] In some embodiments, an optical filter is designed using spectral profiles of candidate filters to calculate the effect of the candidate filters on chroma. In this way, changes to the filter can be iteratively verified for their effectiveness in achieving a desired result. Alternatively, filters can be designed directly through numerical simulation. Examples and comparative examples of optical filters and the effects of these optical filters on chroma are described here. In each case, the chroma of incoming light passing through each filter is compared to the chroma of the same unfiltered input. Plots of “% absorbance” against visible spectrum wavelengths show the spectral absorbance profile of the example or comparative optical filter.Each plot of “chroma, C*, relative” against visible spectrum wavelengths shows the relative chroma of a 30 nm wide light stimulus of uniform intensity after the stimulus passes through a wavelength-dependent optical filter as a thinner curve in the plot, with the central wavelength of each stimulus being represented by the values ​​on the horizontal axis. Each plot of “chroma, C*, relative” also shows the relative chroma of the same 30 nm wide light stimulus passing through a neutral filter that attenuates the same average percentage of light within the stimulus bandwidth as the wavelength-dependent optical filter. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 36 / 165 34 / 146 wavelength.

[0143] One objective of filter design may be to determine the overall color appearance of a lens. In some embodiments, the perceived color of total transmitted light from the lens is bronze, amber, violet, gray, or another color. In some cases, the consumer has preferences that are difficult to represent quantitatively. In certain cases, lens color adjustments can be made in the model described in this description. The impact of total color adjustments on the filter design can be calculated using a suitable model. In some cases, color adjustments can be made with some, little, or no sacrifice of the chroma characteristics being sought. In some embodiments, a lens has an overall color with a relatively low chroma value. For example, the lens may have a lens chroma value of 60.An optical chroma-enhancing filter used in such a lens can provide increased color volume for at least some colors when compared to when the same optical filter is used in a lens with a total color having a higher chroma value.

[0144] A comparative example of an optical filter has properties as shown in Figures 3, 4A, and 4B. Figure 3 shows the absorbance profile of a comparative example lens with an optical filter, the gray LAGOON 189-02 lens provided by Maui Jim, Inc. of Peoria, Illinois. Figure 4A shows a percentage difference in chroma between the output of a lens having the absorbance profile shown in Figure 3 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light in each stimulus band as the lens in Figure 3, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band. As can be seen in Figure 4A, the comparative example of lenses is characterized by the absorbance profile. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 37 / 165 The 35 / 146 shown in Figure 3 provides some increase in chroma in certain spectral regions and some decrease in chroma in other spectral regions, compared to a filter that provides neutral attenuation for each 30 nm stimulus. The average percentage of attenuation provided by the neutral attenuation filter for each stimulus is the same as the average percentage of attenuation provided by the filter in the comparative example. Specific bandwidths of uniformly intense light were used to calculate the relative chroma profiles in this description. In figures where the relative chroma profile of a filter is shown, the scale is kept constant throughout this description so that the relative chroma shown in one figure can be compared with the relative chroma shown in other figures, unless otherwise noted. In some figures, the chroma profile of a filter may be cropped to show details and maintain consistent scale.

[0145] In some embodiments, an optical filter is configured to increase or maximize chroma in the blue to blue-green region of the visible spectrum. A filter with such a configuration may have an absorbance peak centered at about 478 nm or about 480 nm, as shown in Figure 5. The full width at half height (FWHM) of the absorbance peak shown in Figure 5 is about 20 nm. Meanwhile, other absorbance peak widths may be used, including bandwidths greater than or equal to about 10 nm, greater than or equal to about 15 nm, greater than or equal to about 20 nm, less than or equal to about 60 nm, less than or equal to about 50 nm, less than or equal to about 40 nm, between about 10 nm and about 60 nm, or between any of the other previous values. The bandwidth of an absorbance peak may be measured in any suitable manner, in addition to or instead of FWHM.For example, the bandwidth of an absorbance peak might include the full width of a peak at 80% of its maximum, the full width of a peak. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 38 / 165 36 / 146 peak at 90% of maximum, the full width of a peak at 95% of maximum, or the full width of a peak at 98% of maximum.

[0146] The spectral aspects of an optical filter can also be evaluated by considering the transmittance profile of the filter and / or a lens incorporating the filter. In some embodiments, the bandwidth and / or attenuation factors of transmittance valleys can be measured. The bandwidth of a transmittance valley can be defined, for example, as the total width of the valley at a certain transmittance, such as 2%, 5%, 10% or 20%. In certain embodiments, the bandwidth of a transmittance valley is defined as the total width of the valley at 1.5 times, two times, four times, ten times or one hundred times the minimum transmittance. In some embodiments, the bandwidth of a transmittance valley is defined as the total width of the valley at a given offset from the minimum transmittance, such as, for example, the minimum transmittance plus 1% transmittance, plus 2% transmittance, plus 5% transmittance, plus 10% transmittance or plus 20% transmittance.The attenuation factor of a transmittance valley can be calculated by dividing the area between 100% and the transmittance profile curve by the bandwidth within the spectral bandwidth of the transmittance valley. Alternatively, the attenuation factor of a transmittance valley can be calculated by finding the absorbance within the bandwidth, subtracting the area under the transmittance curve from 1, and dividing the result by the bandwidth.

[0147] The spectral aspects of an optical filter can also be evaluated by considering the absorbance profile of the filter and / or a lens incorporating the filter. In some embodiments, an optical filter is configured to increase or maximize chroma in the blue to blue-green region of the visible spectrum. A filter with such a configuration may have an absorbance peak centered at about 478 nm or at about Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 39 / 165 37 / 146 of 480 nm, as shown in Figure 5. The full width at half height (FWHM) of the absorbance peak shown in Figure 5 is about 20 nm. However, other absorbance peak widths may be used, including bandwidths greater than or equal to about 10 nm, greater than or equal to about 15 nm, greater than or equal to about 20 nm, less than or equal to about 60 nm, less than or equal to about 50 nm, less than or equal to about 40 nm, between about 10 nm and about 60 nm, or between any of the other previous values. The bandwidth of an absorbance peak may be measured in any suitable manner other than or in place of FWHM. For example, the bandwidth of an absorbance peak might include the total width of a peak at 80% of its maximum, the total width of a peak at 90% of its maximum, the total width of a peak at 95% of its maximum, or the total width of a peak at 98% of its maximum.

[0148] Figure 6A shows the relative chroma, as a function of wavelength, of a filter having the absorbance profile shown in Figure 5. Again, the thicker black line corresponds to the chroma profile of a neutral filter having the same integrated light transmittance in each 30 nm stimulus band as within each corresponding band of the optical filter shown in Figure 5. Figure 6B shows a percentage difference in chroma between the output of the optical filter in Figure 5 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light in each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 5, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.

[0149] A CIE xy chromaticity diagram for the optical filter having an absorbance profile as shown in Figure 5 is provided in Figure 7. The chromaticity diagram shows the chromaticity of the filter. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 40 / 165 38 / 146 as well as the range of an RGB color space. Each of the chromaticity diagrams provided in this description shows the chromaticity of the associated lens or filter, where chromaticity is calculated using CIE illuminant D65.

[0150] In certain embodiments, an optical filter is configured to increase or maximize the chroma in the blue region of the visible spectrum. A filter with such a configuration may provide an absorbance peak with a central wavelength and / or peak location at about 453 nm, at about 450 nm, or between about 445 nm and about 460 nm. The bandwidth of the absorbance peak may be greater than or equal to about 10 nm, greater than or equal to about 15 nm, greater than or equal to about 20 nm, or another suitable value.

[0151] In some embodiments, an optical filter is configured to increase or maximize chroma across several, many, or most colors, or at least many colors that are commonly found in the user's environment. Such an optical filter may include a plurality of absorbance peaks. For example, Figure 8 shows a spectral absorbance profile of one embodiment of an optical filter including four absorbance peaks with central wavelengths at about 415 nm, about 478 nm, about 574 nm, and about 715 nm. Relative chroma profiles and a chromaticity diagram for the filter example are shown in Figures 9A, 9B, and 10.The relative chroma profile shown in Figure 9A shows that the optical filter of Figure 8 provides a substantial increase in chroma in at least four spectral windows compared to a neutral filter having the same integrated light transmittance in each 30 nm stimulus band as within each corresponding band of the optical filter shown in Figure 8. Figure 9B shows a percentage difference in chroma between the output of the optical filter of Figure 8 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light in each band. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 41 / 165 39 / 146 stimulus as the optical filter of Figure 8, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.

[0152] Many other variations in the location and number of absorbance peaks are possible. For example, some modalities significantly attenuate light between about 558 nm and about 580 nm by providing a peak at about 574 nm and adding an additional peak at about 561 nm. Such modalities can provide substantially higher chroma in the green region, including at wavelengths close to about 555 nm.

[0153] In certain embodiments, an optical filter increases the chroma in the visible spectrum by increasing the degree to which light in the bandwidth of each absorbance peak is attenuated. The degree of light attenuation in the spectral bandwidth of an absorbance peak can be characterized by an “attenuation factor” defined as the area of ​​the absorbance peak integrated within the spectral bandwidth of the absorbance peak divided by the spectral bandwidth of the absorbance peak. An example of an absorbance peak with an attenuation factor of 1 is a square wave. Such an absorbance peak substantially attenuates all light within its spectral bandwidth and substantially no light outside its spectral bandwidth. In contrast, an absorbance peak with an attenuation factor of less than 0.5 attenuates less than half of the light within its spectral bandwidth and may attenuate a significant amount of light outside its spectral bandwidth.It may not be possible to design an optical filter having an absorbance peak with an attenuation factor of exactly 1, although it is possible to design an optical filter having an absorbance peak with an attenuation factor that is close to 1.

[0154] In certain embodiments, an optical filter is configured to have Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 42 / 165 40 / 146 one or more absorbance peaks with an attenuation factor close to 1. Many other configurations are possible. In some embodiments, an optical filter has one or more absorbance peaks (or transmittance valleys) with an attenuation factor greater than or equal to about 0.8, greater than or equal to about 0.9, greater than or equal to about 0.95, greater than or equal to about 0.98, between about 0.8 and about 0.99, greater than or equal to about 0.8 and less than 1, or between any of the other preceding values. Any combination of one or more of the preceding limitations on the attenuation factor may be called “attenuation factor criteria”. In certain embodiments, the attenuation factor of each absorbance peak in an optical filter meets one or more of the attenuation factor criteria.In some embodiments, the attenuation factor of each absorbance peak having a maximum absorbance above a certain absorbance threshold in an optical filter meets one or more of the attenuation factor criteria. The absorbance threshold may be about 0.5, about 0.7, about 0.9, about 1, between 0.5 and 1, or another value. It is understood that while certain spectral aspects are described here with reference to an optical filter, each of the spectral aspects may equally apply to the spectral profile of a lens containing the optical filter, unless otherwise indicated.

[0155] In some embodiments, an optical filter has absorbance peaks in each of the four spectral bands, each of which has an attenuation factor greater than or equal to about 0.95. Because monochromatic light is rarely observed in the physical world, some narrow bands of light can be almost or completely blocked without significant detriment to the total variety of spectral colors perceived in the natural world. In other words, the optical filter can be used in everyday viewing without the loss of any substantial visual information. A spectral absorbance profile of an example of an optical filter having these attributes is shown in Figure 11. The relative chroma and Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 43 / 165 41 / 146 A chromaticity diagram for the same optical filter is shown in Figures 12A, 12B, and 13. The relative chroma profiles shown in Figure 12A include the chroma profile of a neutral filter having the same integrated light transmittance in each 30 nm stimulus band as within each corresponding band of the optical filter shown in Figure 8, indicated by a thicker black line, and the wavelength-dependent filter chroma profile shown in Figure 8, which is indicated by a thinner black line and is generally higher than the neutral filter profile. Figure 12B shows a percentage difference in chroma between the output of the optical filter in Figure 11 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light within each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 11, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.

[0156] In some embodiments, an optical filter has one or more absorbance peaks with a bandwidth that is at least partially within a chroma enhancement window. The width of the chroma enhancement window may be between about 22 nm and about 45 nm, between about 20 nm and about 50 nm, greater than or equal to about 20 nm, greater than or equal to about 15 nm, or other suitable bandwidth variation. In certain embodiments, an optical filter is configured such that every absorbance peak with an attenuation factor greater than or equal to an absorbance threshold has a bandwidth within a chroma enhancement window.For example, the bandwidth of each of the absorbance peaks may be greater than or equal to about 10 nm, greater than or equal to about 15 nm, greater than or equal to about 20 nm, greater than or equal to about 22 nm, less than or equal to about 60 nm, less than or equal to about 50 nm, less than or equal to about 40 nm, between about 10 nm and about 60 nm, between about 20 nm and about 45 nm, or between any of the other values. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 44 / 165 42 / 146 previous.

[0157] Variations in bandwidth (e.g., FWHM value) and slopes of the sides of an absorbance peak can have pronounced effects on chroma. Generally, increases in FWHM and / or slopes of chroma-enhancing peaks are accompanied by increases in chroma, and vice versa in the case of chroma-reducing peaks. In Figures 14 and 16, examples of optical filters are shown where the FWHM and slopes of an absorbance peak are separately varied. The effects of these variations on chroma are shown in the accompanying chroma profiles in Figures 15A-15B and 17A-17B. In Figure 14, an overlay of absorbance peaks centered at 478 nm for three different filters F1, F2, and F3 is shown. The absorbance peaks have equal side slopes and varying FWHM values, with filter F1 having the lowest FWHM value and filter F3 having the highest FWHM value.The relative chroma profile in Figure 15A shows the effect of the F1, F2, and F3 filters shown in Figure 14 on chroma. The chroma and absorbance profiles of each of the F1, F2, and F3 filters are shown with the same corresponding line style in each graph, with a neutral filter included as a thick line in Figure 15A. Figure 15B shows a percentage difference in chroma between the output of the three optical filters F1, F2, and F3 from Figure 14 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light within each stimulus band as the optical filters in Figure 14, where the input in each case is the same uniform intensity stimulus of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.

[0158] Figure 16 shows an overlay of three absorbance peaks centered at 478 nm, with varying slopes and equal FWHM. Figure 17A shows the effect of the F4, F5, and F6 filters shown in Figure 16 on the chroma, with a neutral filter again included as Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 45 / 165 43 / 146 a thick solid line. Figure 17B shows a percentage difference in chroma between the output of the three optical filters F4, F5 and F6 of Figure 16 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light within each stimulus band as the optical filters of Figure 16, where the input in each case is the same uniform intensity stimulus of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.

[0159] Returning to the optical filter shown in Figure 11, the two outer absorbance peaks centered at 415 nm and 715 nm have outer slopes (i.e., at the lower limit of the 415 nm peak and at the upper limit of the 715 nm peak) that affect wavelengths of light generally at the edges of the visible spectrum. In some embodiments, the absorbance profiles of these peaks can be significantly altered, primarily or almost completely attenuating light at wavelengths outside the range of about 400 nm to 700 nm, which can be considered the dominant part of the visible range. The spectral absorbance profile of an example of an optical filter having these attributes is shown in Figure 18. The relative chroma profiles and chromaticity diagram for the same optical filter are shown in Figures 19A, 19B, and 20.Figure 19B shows a percentage difference in chroma between the output of the optical filter in Figure 18 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light in each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 18, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.

[0160] By controlling the chroma according to the techniques described here, the chroma of one or more color bands can also be reduced in situations where less color volume in those color bands is desired. In some embodiments, an optical filter may be Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 46 / 165 44 / 146 configured to decrease chroma in one or more color bands and increase chroma in other color bands. For example, goggles designed for use while hunting ducks may include one or more lenses with an optical filter configured to reduce chroma for a blue base and increase chroma for green and brown feathers of a duck in flight. More generally, an optical filter may be designed to be activity-specific by providing relatively lower chroma in one or more spectral regions associated with a specific base (e.g., the ground, the sky, a court or athletic field, a combination, etc.) and providing relatively higher chroma in one or more spectral regions associated with a specific foreground or object (e.g., a ball). Alternatively, an optical filter may have an activity-specific setting by providing increased chroma in both a base spectral region and an object spectral region.

[0161] The ability to identify and discern moving objects is generally called “Dynamic Visual Acuity”. An increase in chroma in the spectral region of the moving object is expected to improve this quality because increases in chroma are generally associated with higher color contrast. Furthermore, the emphasis and de-emphasis of specific colors can further improve dynamic visual acuity. A spectral absorbance profile of an example of an optical filter configured to increase dynamic visual acuity is shown in Figure 21. The optical filter shown is configured to provide high chroma in the green to orange spectral region and relatively lower chroma in the blue spectral region. The relative chroma profiles and chromaticity diagram of the same optical filter are shown in Figures 22A, 22B, and 23.Figure 22B shows a percentage difference in chroma between the output of the optical filter in Figure 21 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light within each stimulus range as the optical filter in Figure 21, where a. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 47 / 165 45 / 146 input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.

[0162] In some embodiments, an optical filter is configured to be responsible for the variation of luminous efficiency over the visible spectrum. By being responsible for luminous efficiency, the filter can compensate for differences in relative sensitivities at different wavelengths of the human eye so that various color ranges can be compared. The luminous efficiency over the visible spectrum, according to Stockman and Sharpe cone sensitivity data, is shown in Figure 24.

[0163] In certain embodiments, an optical filter is configured to selectively increase chroma at red wavelengths to which the human eye is most sensitive. For example, the red color band can be described as the spectral band extending between about 625 nm and about 700 nm. Looking at the luminous efficiency function shown in Figure 24, it is evident that the eye is significantly more sensitive to red light between about 625 nm and 660 nm than at longer wavelengths. Consequently, a spectral absorbance profile of an optical filter with this configuration is shown in Figure 25. The optical filter has the same profile as that shown in Figure 11 except that it has an alternate peak in the red band centered at about 658 nm instead of a peak centered at about 715 nm.The result is increased chroma over the red range up to 655 nm with a corresponding decrease in chroma for red above 660 nm, where the eye is less sensitive. The relative chroma profiles and chromaticity diagram for the same optical filter are shown in Figures 26A, 26B, and 27. Figure 26B shows a percentage difference in chroma between the output of the optical filter in Figure 25 and the output of a filter. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 48 / 165 46 / 146 which uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light within each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 25, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the values ​​along the horizontal axis indicate the central wavelength of each stimulus band.

[0164] Additionally, chroma can be increased for wavelengths in the middle of the green range using an absorbance peak centered at about 553 nm, at about 561 nm, or at a wavelength between about 550 nm and about 570 nm. Such a filter can also decrease the chroma of yellow colors, so it can be used in activities that benefit from identifying green objects seen against a yellow background. A spectral absorbance profile for an optical filter that provides increased chroma for the middle of the green spectral range is shown in Figure 28. The relative chroma profiles and the chromaticity diagram for the same optical filter are shown in Figures 29A, 29B, and 30, respectively.Figure 29B shows a percentage difference in chroma between the output of the optical filter in Figure 28 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light within each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 28, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.

[0165] To manufacture the filter profiles shown above, a variety of methodologies can be applied, such as through the use of dielectric cells, multilayer interference coatings, rare earth oxide additives, organic inks, or a combination of multiple polarizing filters as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,054,902, the total contents of which are incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification. Another manufacturing technique Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 49 / 165 47 / 146 appropriate or a combination of techniques may also be used.

[0166] In certain embodiments, an optical filter includes one or more organic dyes that provide absorbance peaks with a relatively high attenuation factor. For example, in some embodiments, a lens has an optical filter incorporating organic dyes supplied by Exciton of Dayton, Ohio. At least some organic dyes supplied by Exciton are named according to the approximate central wavelength and / or peak location of their absorbance peak. An approximate spectral absorbance profile of a non-polarized polycarbonate lens with an optical filter incorporating Exciton ABS 407, ABS 473, ABS 574, and ABS 659 dyes is shown in Figure 31. The organic dye formulation of the optical filter provides absorbance peaks at approximately 407 nm, 473 nm, 574 nm, and 659 nm. The relative chroma profiles and chromaticity diagram of the lenses are shown in Figures 32A, 32B, and 33, respectively.Figure 32B shows a percentage difference in chroma between the output of the optical filter in Figure 31 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light within each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 31, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm. The horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.

[0167] Some embodiments are similar to those described in the preceding paragraphs, but include a red absorbance peak positioned at 647 nm using Exciton ABS 647 ink instead of Exciton ABS 659 ink. In such embodiments, the chroma for red tones of higher luminous efficiency located closer to the peak sensitivity of the human eye is increased. The spectral absorbance profile of a non-polycarbonate lens Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 50 / 165 A 48 / 146 polarized beam with an optical filter in this configuration is shown in Figure 34. The profile includes absorbance peaks at 407 nm, 473 nm, 574 nm, and 647 nm. The relative chroma profiles and chromaticity diagram of the lenses are shown in Figures 35A, 35B, and 36, respectively. Figure 35B shows a percentage difference in chroma between the output of the optical filter in Figure 34 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light within each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 34, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band.

[0168] In some embodiments, another optical filter is configured to increase or maximize chroma through several, many, or most colors, or at least many colors that are generally found in the user's environment. Such an optical filter may include a plurality of absorbance peaks. A plurality of absorbance peaks may include an absorbance peak having a central wavelength and / or peak location between about 415 nm and about 455 nm, at about 478 nm, and between about 555 nm and 580 nm, and at about 660 nm. The FWHM values ​​of a plurality of absorbance peaks may be between about 20 nm and about 50 nm, greater than about 20 nm, about 22 nm, about 45 nm, another suitable value, or a combination of values.In some embodiments, the FWHM value of the absorbance peak with a central wavelength and / or peak location between about 555 nm and about 580 nm is about twice the FWHM value of at least some of the other absorbance peaks in the spectral profile. An approximate spectral absorbance profile of an example filter having absorbance peaks reflected by the embodiments described in this paragraph is shown in Figure 37. The example filter has a sharp drop in absorbance at about 490 nm which allows transmission. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 51 / 165 49 / 146 substantial light at 491 nm and across a wide range (e.g., across a spectral range greater than or equal to about 20 nm in bandwidth) in the vicinity of 491 nm (e.g., across a range of wavelengths close to 491 nm and greater than or equal to about 491 nm).

[0169] A relative chroma profile for a filter having the absorbance profile of Figure 37 is shown in Figure 38A. The chroma profile in Figure 38A is shown with a different vertical scale than other chroma profiles in this description to show greater variation in chroma. The filter example produces substantial increases in relative chroma over the unfiltered case in multiple spectral bands, including in the spectral bands between about 410 nm and about 460 nm, between about 465 nm and about 475 nm, between about 480 nm and about 500 nm, between about 540 nm and about 565 nm, between about 570 nm and 600 nm, and between about 630 nm and about 660 nm.Figure 38B shows a percentage difference in chroma between the output of the optical filter in Figure 37 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light within each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 37, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band. A chromaticity diagram for this filter example is shown in Figure 39.

[0170] In some embodiments, two or more inks can be used to create a single absorbance peak or a plurality of absorbance peaks in close proximity to each other. For example, an absorbance peak with a central wavelength and / or peak location positioned between about 555 nm and about 580 nm can be created using two inks having central wavelengths and / or peak locations at about 561 nm and 574 nm. In another embodiment, an absorbance peak with a Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 52 / 165 50 / 146 central wavelength and / or peak location positioned between about 555 nm and about 580 nm can be created using two inks having central wavelengths and / or peak locations at about 556 nm and 574 nm. While each ink can individually produce an absorbance peak having a FWHM value of less than about 30 nm, when the inks are used together in an optical filter, the absorbance peaks can combine to form a single absorbance peak with a bandwidth of about 45 nm greater than or equal to about 40 nm.

[0171] Organic ink incorporation filters can be manufactured using any suitable technique. In some embodiments, a sufficient quantity of one or more organic inks is used at lower transmittance in one or more spectral regions to less than or equal to about 1%. To achieve peak transmittances at 1% in 1.75 mm thick polycarbonate lenses, the inks can be mixed in a batch of polycarbonate resin. If the mixture includes 5 lbs of polycarbonate resin, the following loadings of Exciton inks can be used for the associated optical filter with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 31: 44 mg of ABS 407, 122 mg of ABS 473, 117 mg of ABS 574, and 63 mg of ABS 659.In the previous example, the ink loading ratios in polycarbonate can be generalized as follows: from 1000 total ink units, the filter could include approximately 130 units of violet absorption ink, approximately 350 units of blue absorption ink, approximately 340 units of green absorption ink, and approximately 180 units of dark red absorption ink.

[0172] In the same quantity of polycarbonate resin, the following Exciton ink loadings can be used for the optical filter associated with the absorbance profile shown in Figure 34: 44 mg of ABS 407, 122 mg of ABS 473, 117 mg of ABS 574 and 41 mg of Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 53 / 165 51 / 146 ABS 647. In the previous example, the ink loading ratios in polycarbonate can be generalized as follows: from 995 total ink units, the filter could include approximately 135 units of violet absorption ink, approximately 375 units of blue absorption ink, approximately 360 units of green absorption ink, and approximately 125 units of red absorption ink. In certain embodiments, a lens can be created from the mixture of ink and resin by a casting process, a molding process, or any other suitable process.

[0173] Other plastic inks exist which can also provide substantial increases in chroma. For example, Crysta-Lyn Chemical Company of Binghamton, NY offers DLS 402A ink, with an absorbance peak at 402 nm. In some embodiments, DLS 402A ink can be used in place of Exciton ABS 407 ink in the formulations described above. Crysta-Lyn also offers DLS 461B ink which provides an absorbance peak at 461 nm. DLS 461B ink can be used in place of Exciton ABS 473 ink in the formulations described above. Crysta-Lyn DLS 564B ink can be used in place of Exciton ABS 574 ink in these formulations, while Crysta-Lyn DLS 654B ink can be used in place of Exciton ABS 659 ink.In some embodiments, the ink may be incorporated into one or more lens components, and the decision as to which lens components include the ink may be based on the properties, such as stability or performance factors, of each specific ink.

[0174] In another example, an optical filter is designed with relative amounts of certain inks. The magnitude of absorbance peaks can be selected by adjusting the absolute mass loading of the inks while maintaining the relative relationships between the loadings of different inks. For example, in one embodiment Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 54 / 165 52 / 146 in particular, an organic ink optical filter includes: 70 mg of Exciton ABS 473 ink, 108 mg of Exciton ABS 561 ink, 27 mg of Exciton ABS 574 ink, and 41 mg of Exciton ABS 659 ink. The ink loading ratios in polyurethane can be generalized as follows: from 1000 total ink units, the filter could include approximately 280 units of blue absorption ink, approximately 440 units of yellow-green absorption ink, approximately 110 units of green absorption ink, and approximately 170 units of dark red absorption ink. A lens was cast using the above ink loadings in 251 g of polyurethane. The resulting lens had a thickness of 1.9 mm. The loading levels can be adjusted to account for the characteristics of the particular base material used.For example, load levels may be slightly higher when using a material with a lower density, such as certain types of polycarbonate. Similarly, load levels may be slightly lower when a higher density material is used.

[0175] The absorbance profile of the fused lenses is shown in Figure 40. In the absorbance profile shown in Figure 40, the absorbance peak centered at approximately 477 nm has a total width at 80% of the maximum absorbance of the absorbance peak at approximately 46 nm and an attenuation factor of approximately 0.92. The absorbance peak centered at approximately 569 nm has a total width at 80% of the maximum absorbance of the absorbance peak at approximately 35 nm and an attenuation factor of approximately 0.86. The absorbance peak centered at approximately 660 nm has a total width at 80% of the maximum absorbance of the absorbance peak at approximately 27 nm and an attenuation factor of approximately 0.91. The fused lens provided an increase in chroma in multiple spectral regions, as shown in Figures 41A and 41B. The chroma profile of Figure 41A is shown in Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 55 / 165 53 / 146 a different scale from other chroma profiles in the description. Figure 41B shows a percentage difference in chroma between the output of the optical filter in Figure 40 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light within each stimulus band as the optical filter in Figure 40, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band. A chromaticity diagram for the fused lens is shown in Figure 42.

[0176] Figure 50 illustrates the absorbance profile as a function of wavelength of an optical filter of Figure 40 combined with a light gray polarizing film where the luminous transmittance using the CIE standard illuminant D65 is about 9.3%. The luminous transmittance can be measured with respect to any other suitable illuminant, such as, for example, CIE standard illuminant C. The luminous transmittance of a polarizing sunglass lens incorporating a chroma-enhancing filter as described herein may be less than or equal to about 15%, less than or equal to about 12%, less than or equal to about 10%, less than or equal to about 9%, greater than or equal to about 7%, greater than or equal to about 8%, between about 7%-15%, between about 7%-12%, between about 9%-12% or another suitable value.Furthermore, a lens can exhibit a heterogeneous transmittance profile by having a combination of two or more transmittance regions with different transmittances. Figure 51 shows a percentage difference in chroma between the output of a lens having the absorbance profile of Figure 50 and the output of a filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light within each stimulus band as the lens with the absorbance profile of Figure 50, where the input is a stimulus of uniform intensity of 30 nm and the horizontal axis indicates the central wavelength of each stimulus band. A chromaticity diagram for a lens with the absorbance profile of Figure 50 is shown in Figure 52. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 56 / 165 54 / 146

[0177] In some embodiments, one or more of the inks used in any filter composition described herein may be replaced by one or more inks having similar spectral attributes. For example, if an ink, such as Exciton ABS 473 ink, is not sufficiently stable to withstand the lens forming process, one or more substitute inks with improved stability in a similar absorbance profile may be used instead. Some lens forming processes, such as injection molding, may subject the lens and optical filter to high temperatures, high pressures, and / or chemically active materials. The replacement inks may be selected to have similar absorbance profiles to the inks described herein, but improved performance or stability. For example, a replacement ink may exhibit high stability during lens injection molding or high stability under sunlight.In one embodiment, at least one of two or more inks may be used in place of Exciton ABS 473 ink. In one embodiment, the Exciton ABS 473 ink has been replaced with an ink that has an absorbance peak with a central wavelength and / or peak location of about 477 nm on polycarbonate. In some embodiments, the attenuation factor associated with the 477 nm absorbance peak is greater than or equal to about 0.8, greater than or equal to about 0.9, about 0.93, or another suitable value.

[0178] In some embodiments, a lens may include inks or other materials that are selected or configured to increase the photostability of the chroma-enhancing filter and other lens components. Any technique known in the art may be used to mitigate the degradation of filter materials and / or other lens components.

[0179] The relative quantities of any ink formulation Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 57 / 165 The 55 / 146 settings described herein can be adjusted to achieve a desired objective, such as, for example, a desired overall lens color, a chroma enhancement filter having particular properties, another objective, or a combination of objectives. An optical filter can be configured to have an absorbance profile with any combination of the absorbance peaks described herein and / or any combination of other absorbance peaks to obtain the desired chroma enhancement properties. The overall lens color can be selected so that it is similar to or the same as the stimulus of an object of interest or a background stimulus for a specific activity. By matching the lens color with a specific activity stimulus, the contrast (such as, for example, color contrast) of the object of interest for that activity can be increased.

[0180] As described above, Figure 41 illustrates a chroma profile of a fused lens with an optical filter compared to the chroma profile of a neutral filter with the same average attenuation in each 30 nm stimulus band. The chroma profile of the fused lens is represented by the lighter line and is generally lighter than the chroma profile of the neutral filter, which is represented by the thicker line. The fused lens is configured to provide multiple spectral regions of increased chroma compared to the neutral filter. In some embodiments, a lens includes an optical filter containing one or more organic dyes. The one or more organic dyes can increase or decrease chroma in one or more spectral regions. As shown in Figure 41, an optical filter can be configured to increase chroma in five or more spectral bands. The spectral bands over which an optical filter increases or decreases chroma can be termed chroma enhancement windows (CEWs).

[0181] In some embodiments, CEWs include parts of the visible spectrum in which an optical filter provides a substantial change in Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 58 / 165 56 / 146 chroma compared to a neutral filter having the same average attenuation in each 30 nm stimulus band, as perceived by a person with normal vision. In certain cases, a substantial chroma enhancement can be seen when a filter provides a chroma increase greater than or equal to about 2% compared to the neutral filter. In other cases, a chroma increase greater than or equal to about 3% or greater than or equal to about 5% compared to the neutral filter is considered a substantial increase. Whether a chroma change represents a substantial increase may depend on the spectral region in which the increase is provided. For example, a substantial chroma enhancement might include a chroma increase greater than or equal to about 6% over a neutral filter when the visual stimulus is centered at about 560 nm. A substantial chroma enhancement might include a chroma increase greater than or equal to about 3% over a neutral filter when the visual stimulus is centered at about 660 nm.A substantial chroma enhancement may include an increase in chroma greater than or equal to about 15% over a neutral filter when the visual stimulus is centered at about 570 nm. Consequently, the amount of change in chroma relative to the neutral filter that is considered substantial may differ depending on the spectral range of the CEW.

[0182] In certain embodiments, a substantial chroma enhancement is provided by an optical filter configured to increase chroma in one or more CEWs over a neutral filter without any significant decrease in chroma compared with a neutral filter in one or more CEWs. A substantial chroma enhancement may also be provided by an optical filter configured to increase chroma in one or more CEWs over a neutral filter without any significant decrease in chroma compared with a neutral filter in a particular spectral range, such as, for example, between about 420 nm and about 650 nm. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 59 / 165 57 / 146

[0183] Figures 43 through 48 illustrate various CEW configurations for a variety of optical chroma-enhancing filters. The spectral bands of the CEWs may correspond to the spectral regions where an optical filter exhibits substantially altered chroma compared to a neutral filter in one or more of Figures 6, 9, 12, 15, 17, 19, 22, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38, and 41. The particular CEW configurations described here are non-limiting examples illustrating the wide variety of lens or eyeglass configurations that exist.

[0184] An example of an optical filter CEW configuration is shown in Figure 43. In this example, CEW1 covers a spectral range from about 440 nm to about 510 nm. CEW2 covers a spectral range from about 540 nm to about 600 nm. CEW3 covers a spectral range from about 630 nm to about 660 nm. Each CEW can be defined as a spectral range within which a lens or glasses is configured to provide chroma enhancement. Alternatively, the lower end of one or more CEWs may cover a wavelength above which the lens or glasses provide chroma enhancement. The upper end of one or more CEWs may cover a wavelength below which the lens or glasses provide chroma enhancement. In some modes, the average increase in chroma within CEW1 compared to a neutral filter having the same average attenuation in each 30 nm stimulus band is greater than or equal to approximately 20%.The average increase in chroma in CEW2 compared to a neutral filter can be greater than or equal to approximately 3%. The average increase in chroma in CEW3 compared to a neutral filter can be greater than or equal to approximately 5%.

[0185] Another example of an optical filter CEW configuration is shown in Figure 44. CEWia covers a spectral range from about 440 nm to about 480 nm. CEWib covers a spectral range from about 490 nm to about 510 nm. The average increase in chroma Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 60 / 165 58 / 146 compared to a neutral filter may be greater than or equal to approximately 15% for the CEWia region and greater than or equal to approximately 15% for the CEWib region.

[0186] Another example of an optical filter CEW configuration is shown in Figure 45, which is a configuration in which CEW2A covers a spectral range from about 540 nm to about 570 nm. Figure 46 illustrates an additional embodiment in which an optical filter provides a CEW configuration including CEWia, CEWib, CEW2A, and CEW3. The average increase in chroma compared to a neutral filter can be greater than or equal to about 4% for the CEW2A spectral region, for example.

[0187] Figure 47 illustrates an example of an optical filter CEW configuration with an additional enhancement window, CEW2B. The CEW2B window covers a spectral range between approximately 580 nm and approximately 600 nm. The average increase in chroma compared to a neutral filter can be greater than or equal to approximately 2% for the CEW2B spectral region, for example. Figure 48 illustrates the relative chroma enhancement of an optical filter configured to provide five or more chroma enhancement windows, including: CEW2A, CEW2B, CEWia, CEWib, and CEW3. Each of Figures 43 through 48 illustrates a non-limiting example of an optical filter CEW configuration, and this description should not be interpreted as limited to any specific configuration or combination of configurations.

[0188] In some modalities, an optical filter is configured to enhance the visibility of the object while preserving the natural appearance of the viewed scenes. Such optical filters (and glasses that include such filters) can be configured for a wide variety of recreational, sporting, professional, and other activities. As a representative example, filters and glasses can be configured for use while playing a Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 61 / 165 59 / 146 golf game.

[0189] In certain embodiments, optical glasses and filters provide one or more CEWs corresponding to a specific activity. A filter may include one or more CEWs in a portion of the visible spectrum in which an object of interest, such as, for example, a golf ball, emits or reflects a substantial spectral stimulus. When referring to the spectral stimulus of an object of interest, a corresponding CEW may be referred to as the object's spectral window. When referring to the spectral stimulus of a background behind an object, a corresponding CEW may be referred to as the base spectral window. Furthermore, when referring to the spectral stimulus of the general surroundings, the spectral window may be referred to as the surrounding spectral window. An optical filter may be configured such that one or more edges of an absorbance peak lie within at least one spectral window.Thus, an optical filter can enhance chroma in the spectral bands corresponding to a given spectral stimulus (e.g., object, background, or surroundings).

[0190] Golf balls and corresponding glasses may be provided in which a golf ball cover is configured to produce wavelength-converted light and the glasses include lenses having an object chroma enhancement window corresponding to a spectral reflectance of the cover, a spectral transmittance of any transparent or translucent outer part of the cover, and / or a wavelength-converted light spectrum emitted by the cover.

[0191] Golf balls are supplied with a covering that is configured to convert incident light into wavelengths that are incident at a first wavelength or in a first wavelength range. The wavelength-converted light can be emitted at wavelengths longer than the Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 62 / 165 60 / 146 wavelength of incident light absorbed. The wavelength-converted light has at least a portion corresponding to a chroma-enhanced window of the object in matching glasses. In representative examples, golf balls have coverings that include a fluorescent material that produces fluorescence in a spectral region corresponding to the spectral transmittance of a viewing filter. In further embodiments, a portion of the object's chroma-enhanced window corresponds to a spectral region in which the light is preferentially reflected by the covering.

[0192] Methods of enhancing object visibility with respect to a background include providing a filter that increases the chroma of the object to be viewed. A light spectrum produced by the filter can define a chroma enhancement window of the object. An optical filter is provided which includes a spectral window that corresponds to the chroma enhancement window of the object and a background chroma enhancement window corresponding to a spectral profile emitted or reflected from the background. An improved optical filter can provide chroma enhancement within the spectral windows. In some embodiments, the contrast agent is a wavelength conversion agent, a dye, or both. In alternative examples, the optical filter includes a wide spectral window that broadens the transmission spectrum of the filter.In some particular examples, the object chroma enhancement window, the background chroma enhancement window, and the wide spectral window include wavelengths from about 440 nm to about 480 nm, about 510 nm to about 580 nm, and about 600 nm to about 660 nm, respectively. In other examples, the windows include wavelengths between about 400 nm and about 700 nm. The lenses may include spectral windows that exhibit chroma enhancement within the spectral ranges that define the spectral windows. In such embodiments, the lens may provide increased chroma or decreased chroma in one or more of the spectral windows described herein. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 63 / 165 61 / 146

[0193] These and other characteristics and aspects of certain modalities are described below with reference to golf and other sporting and non-sporting applications. For convenience, several representative examples pertaining to golf are described, however, it will be evident that these examples can be modified in arrangement and detail for other leisure, recreational, sporting, industrial, professional or other activities.

[0194] Visualizing the trajectory of a golf ball and determining its location are important for golfers of varying skill levels. The trajectories of a golf ball hit by an experienced player are unpredictable and often place the ball in locations where it is difficult to find. Such failures to quickly locate a golf ball can increase the time spent playing a round and can reduce the number of rounds that can be played in a day's course. Because the time spent searching for errant golf balls contributes to delays in the game, many courses and tournaments have rules regarding how long a golfer is allowed to search for a lost golf ball before putting a replacement ball into play. For more experienced or expert golfers, losing a golf ball results in the imposition of a penalty that adds strokes to the golfer's rating.Such penalty shots are frustrating, especially when missing a ball results from an inability to find the ball due to poor visibility conditions and limited time to search.

[0195] With reference to Figure 49, a spectral strength distribution 300 of radiation from a golf ball in external illumination such as direct sunlight or other lighting conditions, includes a blue-enhanced portion 302 located in a wavelength region close to a wavelength λβ. The blue-enhanced portion 302 Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 64 / 165 62 / 146 can be produced by converting radiation within a shorter wavelength range than that of the 302 part of the radiation to wavelengths within the enhanced blue 302 part. Such wavelength conversion can result from fluorescence, phosphorescence, or other processes. As used herein, any process in which radiation at a shorter wavelength is converted into radiation at a longer wavelength is referred to as a wavelength conversion process. As noted above, a typical example of such a process is fluorescence, in which radiation at a shorter wavelength is absorbed to produce radiation at a longer wavelength.Because the human eye is less sensitive to radiation at wavelengths shorter than the wavelengths of the enhanced blue 302 parts than to radiation within the enhanced blue 302 part, the conversion of radiation from shorter wavelengths to longer wavelength radiation tends to make the golf ball appear whiter and brighter. The spectral strength distribution in Figure 49 corresponds to a golf ball that appears white, and the spectral strength distributions for non-white golf balls may have additional spectral features characteristic of the golf ball color.

[0196] The spectral strength at wavelengths shorter than the adequate cutoff of human visual response at wavelengths of about 400 nm is not shown in Figure 49. Radiation at these shorter wavelengths produces the limited human visual response. Conversion of these shorter wavelengths to longer wavelengths by fluorescence or other wavelength conversion processes can produce radiation that makes an appreciable contribution to the visual response. This conversion process can be enhanced by selecting a golf ball covering that produces such wavelength-converted light. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 65 / 165 63 / 146 or by incorporating suitable wavelength-converting, fluorescent, phosphorescent, or other agents into the golf ball coating. A typical wavelength-converting agent produces a region of enhanced blue at a wavelength λβ that is typically in the range between about 440 nm to about 480 nm; however, wavelength-converting agents for other wavelength ranges can be used. If the golf ball (or other object of interest) does not need to appear white, colored wavelength-converting agents can be used, such as colored fluorescent agents. In this example, λβ and more particularly the wavelength range in which λβ typically occurs (i.e., from about 440 nm to about 480 nm) represent a spectral window of the object.

[0197] The spectral strength distribution 300 illustrated in Figure 49 is representative of the optical radiation of a golf ball under external lighting conditions. More precise spectral strength distribution values ​​depend on the exact lighting conditions. Typical lighting conditions include direct sunlight and overcast skies as well as lighting produced in deep shadows. Under these different lighting conditions, different spectral strength distributions are produced. For example, an overcast sky typically produces a spectral strength distribution having less total energy as well as relatively less energy at (more blue) shorter wavelengths. However, the spectral strength distributions associated with these varied lighting conditions have corresponding enhanced blue portions produced by wavelength conversion processes.

[0198] The visual perception of a golf ball that produces the spectral strength distribution of Figure 49 is improved by enhancing the chroma of the blue 302 part (the part converted to wavelength) Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 66 / 165 64 / 146 of the golf ball's spectral strength distribution. The enhanced blue portion 302 has excess blue spectral strength relative to the ambient lighting. Providing a blue light chroma enhancement filter therefore allows for improved tracking and localization of the golf ball. While chroma enhancement of the blue portion 302 of the spectral strength distribution in Figure 49 allows for increased golf ball visibility under many conditions, the extent of this increased visibility depends on the background against which the golf ball is viewed. For common backgrounds found in golf such as a navigable canal or laying grass on the surface, chroma enhancement of the blue portion 302 can increase the golf ball's visibility. The use of eyeglasses that include lenses that increase the chroma of the enhanced blue portion 302 can allow the golfer to more easily follow the trajectory of a golf ball and locate the golf ball after it comes to a stop.

[0199] While such glasses may increase the visibility of the golf ball and allow for easier tracking and location of a golf ball, altering the spectral strength distribution of light passing through the golfer's eyes can produce scenes that appear unnatural or even disturbing to the golfer. During a typical round of play, the golfer encounters many different backgrounds including blue sky, cloudy sky, rock, sand, and vegetation, including lay surfaces, navigable canals, sand traps, and rough terrain. Glasses that enhance the chroma of the blue part can produce an unnatural or disturbing appearance for all or some of these surroundings and affect the golfer's perception or concentration. Such unnatural appearances may offset any performance advantage associated with increased golf ball visibility.

[0200] A natural-looking visualization can be obtained with a type of optical filter having a spectral absorbance profile Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 67 / 165 65 / 146 as illustrated in Figure 40. This mode provides improved golf ball visibility while maintaining a natural appearance of the scenes viewed through such a filter. As used herein, a spectral region in which an object emits or reflects a substantial spectral stimulus is referred to as a spectral window. The width of a spectral window can be defined as the total width at approximately 75%, 50%, 25%, 20%, 10%, or 5% of a maximum in the spectral strength distribution. A golf ball may include a blue light stimulus at approximately λβ and one or more additional spectral windows in the green and red parts of the spectrum.

[0201] A filter may include a chroma enhancement window (CEW) that is configured to enhance the chroma in a portion, substantially all, or the entire spectral window of a visual stimulus. An optical filter may provide one or more edges of an absorbance peak in the spectral windows where a stimulus is located. For example, the spectral location of a blue light CEW may be selected to match a particular fluorescent agent so that eyeglasses can be spectrally matched to a particular fluorescent agent. In this way, eyeglasses and golf balls can be spectrally matched to provide enhanced golf ball visibility. Light at wavelengths below about 440 nm can be attenuated so that potentially harmful short-wavelength radiation does not enter the eye.For example, some of this short-wavelength radiation can be converted by the fluorescent agent to radiation at wavelengths corresponding to the CEW of blue light. The average visible light transmittance of a golf lens can be around 20%-30%. Filters for outdoor use typically have average transmittances between around 8%-80%, 10%-60%, or 10%-40%. Filters for indoor use (or use in lighting levels lower than normal daylight illumination) can have average transmittances between around 20%-90%, 25%... [Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 68 / 165.] 66 / 146 80% or 40%-60%.

[0202] Green vegetation and grass typically provide an emitted or reflected spectral stimulus with a maximum light intensity at a wavelength of about 550 nm. As mentioned above, wavelengths from about 500 nm to about 600 nm can define a baseline or green spectral window. Without a green light CEW, light at wavelengths between 500 nm and 600 nm may have a lower chroma than desired, and vegetation may appear relatively muted, monotonous, or dark. As a result, the golfer's surroundings would appear unnatural, and the golfer's perception of vegetation would be impaired. This compromise is especially serious with respect to putting, because the golfer usually tries to precisely determine several parameters of surface putting, including the height and thickness of the grass covering the putting surface, the orientation of the grass blades of the putting surface, and the topography of the surface.Because a golfer takes approximately half of their shots on or near putting surfaces, any visual impairment on putting surfaces is a serious performance disadvantage and is generally unacceptable. Poor perception of vegetation is also a significant disadvantage when playing outside of a navigable channel or rough terrain. A green light CEW, in combination with a blue light CEW, allows for enhanced golf ball visibility while also allowing for accurate assessment of background surfaces such as putting surfaces or other vegetation. An optical filter can enhance the chroma of a desired background and object by exhibiting at least one edge of an absorbance peak in one or both green and blue light CEWs.The concurrence of at least one edge of an absorbance peak within one or both of the green or blue spectral windows also helps the human eye distinguish a golf ball from its surroundings by enhancing the ball's chroma. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 69 / 165 67 / 146 chroma of the vegetation or the chroma of both the ball and the vegetation.

[0203] A red light CEW extends over a wavelength range of about 610 nm to about 720 nm; however, the transmission of radiation at wavelengths beyond about 700 nm provides only a small contribution to a viewed scene because of the low sensitivity of the human eye at these wavelengths. A red light CEW can enhance the natural appearance of the viewed scene with a modality of an enhanced optical filter by enhancing the chroma of at least some of the red light reflected by vegetation. For example, chroma enhancement can be seen in Figure 40, where at least one edge of the red absorbance peak (e.g., the absorbance peak between about 630 nm and about 660 nm) is included within the red light CEW. The more polychromatic light produced by enhancing the chroma of red, green, and blue light components allows for improved focus.Furthermore, convergence (pointing the eyes to a common point) and focusing (accommodation) are interdependent, so improved focusing allows for improved convergence and improved depth perception. Providing CEWs in the green and red parts of the visible spectrum can result in improved depth perception as well as improved focus. A filter having such CEWs can improve the perception of vegetation (especially placement surfaces) and provides more natural-looking scenery while maintaining the enhanced golf ball visibility associated with blue light CEW. An optical filter that provides at least one edge of an absorption peak in a CEW can enhance the quality of light transmitted through the optical filter by increasing its chroma value.

[0204] Optical filters having CEWs covering one or more spectral bands can provide enhanced visibility. Optical filters having Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 70 / 165 68 / 146 such spectral profiles can be selected for a particular application based on ease of manufacture or a desire for the optical filter to appear neutral. For cosmetic reasons, it may be desirable to avoid the glasses appearing tinted to others.

[0205] Optical filters can be configured similarly for a variety of activities in which tracking and observing an object against a background is facilitated by wavelength conversion. Such filters may include a wavelength conversion window, a background window, and a wide spectral window. These CEWs are selected to enhance the chroma of wavelength-converted light, activity-specific background light, and light at additional wavelengths to also extend the total spectral width of enhanced chroma light to improve focus, accommodation, or provide more natural viewing.For application to a white golf ball as described above, an optical filter is provided with a blue light CEW corresponding to the wavelength conversion spectral components, a green light CEW to facilitate the visualization of a background, and a red light CEW to improve the accommodation and natural appearance of scenes. Such an optical filter may have a substantially neutral color density. For other activities, particular CEWs may be chosen based on the expected or measured background colors and wavelengths produced by a wavelength conversion process. For example, tennis is usually played on a green playing surface with a yellow ball. Such a ball typically has a wavelength conversion region that produces wavelength-converted light at wavelengths between approximately 460 nm and 540 nm.An example of a filter for such an application has a wavelength conversion window between approximately 460 nm and approximately 540 nm and a background window centered at approximately 550 nm. The window of... Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 71 / 165 69 / 146 wavelength conversion and the back window may have some overlap. To provide more natural contrast and better focus, additional transmission windows may be provided in the wavelength ranges of approximately 440 nm to approximately 460 nm, approximately 620 nm to approximately 700 nm, or other ranges.

[0206] In alternative embodiments, an optical filter having an object-specific spectral window in addition to, or instead of, a wavelength conversion window is provided. For example, for viewing a golf ball that appears red, the optical filter may include a red light CEW that enhances the red light chroma to improve the visibility of the golf ball. For accurate natural viewing of backgrounds (such as placing surfaces), a green light CEW is also provided. If the golf ball also emits wavelength-converted light, an additional wavelength conversion window may be provided if desired. The filter may also include a wide spectral window.

[0207] In some embodiments, an optical filter is configured to change the chroma values ​​of a scene in one or more spectral regions where an object and / or a background reflect or emit light. A filter can be configured to account for spectral regions where an object of interest and the background reflect or emit light. Absorbance peaks can be positioned such that the chroma is increased or decreased in one or more spectral regions where the object of interest is reflecting or emitting light and where the background is reflecting or emitting light. For example, chroma enhancement in an object or a base spectral window can be achieved by configuring an optical filter such that at least one edge of an absorbance peak is positioned within the spectral window. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 72 / 165 70 / 146

[0208] An optical filter can increase the contrast between the object and the background by providing chroma enhancement in one or both of the object's spectral windows and the base spectral window. Color contrast improves when chroma is increased. For example, when a white golf ball is viewed against a background of green foliage or grass at a distance, chroma enhancement technology can cause the green visual stimulus to be in a narrower band. A narrow spectral stimulus causes the green background to appear less washed out, resulting in greater color contrast between the golf ball and the background.

[0209] With reference to Figures 1A and 1B, the eyeglasses may include a frame and lenses 102a and 102b. Lenses 102a and 102b have a filter that enhances chroma in a wavelength conversion window, a background window, the wide spectral window, another CEW, or any combination of CEWs. For some applications, the wide spectral window may be omitted. For other applications, an object-specific spectral window is provided which may include the wavelength conversion window. Lenses 102a and 102b may be corrective or non-corrective lenses and may be made of any of a variety of optical materials including glasses or plastics such as acrylics or polycarbonates. The lenses may have various shapes, including meniscus and plano-plano shapes. In alternative eyeglasses, a frame is configured to hold a unitary lens that is placed in front of both eyes when the eyeglasses are worn.Protective eyewear may also be provided that includes a single lens that is placed in front of both eyes when protective eyewear is worn.

[0210] The spectral transmittance and chroma enhancement profile of the lenses in Figures 1 and 1B can be obtained in several ways. A coating can be applied to one or more surfaces of the lenses. Such Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 73 / 165 71 / 146 Coatings typically include one or more layers of coating materials configured to achieve a desired spectral transmittance and chroma enhancement. The layers may be absorptive so that radiation from spectral regions that need to be attenuated is absorbed into the coating, or the coating may be reflective so that radiation at such wavelengths is reflected. In yet another example, one or more dyes or other chromophores may be incorporated within the lens material by a dyeing process or other processes. Two or more of the above methods may be combined to produce the desired chroma and spectral characteristics.

[0211] While the modalities are described above with reference to particular activities, additional examples may be provided for other activities. For example, an enhanced visibility and chroma enhancement filter may be provided for sports such as baseball, tennis, badminton, basketball, racquetball, handball, archery, target shooting, trap shooting, cricket, lacrosse, football, ice hockey, field hockey, hunting, soccer, squash, volleyball. For such sports, such a filter may include a chroma enhancement window of the selected object to increase the chroma of natural reflected light or wavelength-converted light produced by a fluorescent agent on a baseball, tennis ball, badminton birdie or volleyball or light that is preferably reflected by these objects.Background windows and wide spectral windows can be provided so that backgrounds are highlighted, scenes appear natural, and the user's perception of depth and focus is improved. For sports played on various surfaces or in different environments such as tennis or volleyball, different background windows can be provided for play on different surfaces. For example, tennis is usually played on grass courts or clay courts, and filters can be configured for each surface as needed. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 74 / 165 72 / 146 desired. As another example, ice hockey can be played on an ice surface that is provided with a wavelength conversion agent or dye, and the lenses can be configured to view a hockey puck against that ice. The benefits of outdoor volleyball viewing require a volleyball against a blue sky, and the background filter can be selected to allow accurate background viewing while enhancing chroma in outdoor lighting. A different configuration can be provided for indoor volleyball. Glasses that include such filters can be for specific activity, specific surface, or specific environment. Furthermore, tinted glasses can be provided for activities other than sports where it is desirable to identify, locate, or track an object against the backgrounds associated with the activity.Some representative activities include dentistry, surgery, bird watching, fishing, or search and rescue operations. Such filters may also be provided in additional configurations such as filters for video cameras and others, or as viewing screens that are placed for use by spectators or other observers. Filters may be provided as lenses, single lenses, or as face shields. For example, a hockey filter may be included in a face shield.

[0212] In certain embodiments, an optical filter includes one or more chroma-enhancing inks that provide absorbance peaks with a relatively high attenuation factor. As used herein, the term “chroma-enhancing inks” includes inks that, when loaded onto a lens in sufficient quantity, produce a substantial and / or discernible chroma-enhancing effect in at least certain types of scenes viewed by a wearer of eyeglasses incorporating the lenses. Chroma-enhancing inks may include inks that feature an absorbance or absorbance peak with a high attenuation factor (e.g., greater than or equal to about 0.8, greater than Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 75 / 165 73 / 146 or equal to about 0.9 or greater than or equal to about 0.95) and a center wavelength and / or peak position located within at least one chroma enhancement window. In some embodiments, an optical filter for chroma enhancement glasses includes two or more of the following: violet chroma enhancement ink, blue chroma enhancement ink, green chroma enhancement ink, yellow chroma enhancement ink, and red chroma enhancement ink. In some embodiments, a chroma enhancement lens includes an optical filter incorporating one or more inks that are thermally unstable at typical lens body molding temperatures.

[0213] Violet chroma enhancement inks include inks that have a relatively sharp absorbance peak with a wavelength between about 390 nm and about 440 nm, between about 405 nm and about 455 nm, between about 400 nm and about 420 nm, or between about 405 nm and 425 nm. Examples of such inks include Exciton ABS 407 ink, Crysta-Lyn DLS 402A ink, and an ink that has one or more relatively sharp absorbance peaks in the violet part of the spectrum. When incorporated into a chroma enhancement filter, chroma enhancement inks may provide one or more absorbance peaks having any of the characteristics described herein, such as, for example, a bandwidth greater than or equal to about 15 nm or greater than or equal to about 20 nm. Absorbance peaks that are relatively sharp may include absorbance peaks with a relatively high attenuation factor.Examples of relatively sharp absorbance peaks include peaks with an attenuation factor greater than or equal to about 0.8, greater than or equal to about 0.85, greater than or equal to about 0.9, or greater than or equal to about 0.95. Inks that have relatively sharp absorbance peaks include inks that can be used to create one or more spectral aspects of at least some of the chroma enhancement filters described herein. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 76 / 165 74 / 146

[0214] Blue chroma enhancer inks include inks that have a relatively sharp absorbance peak with a wavelength between about 440 nm and about 490 nm, between about 445 nm and about 480 nm, between about 460 nm and about 480 nm, or between about 450 nm and 475 nm. In some embodiments, a blue chroma enhancer ink, when incorporated into an optical filter, is configured to produce an absorbance peak with a bandwidth greater than or equal to about 15 nm or greater than or equal to about 20 nm. Examples of such inks include Exciton ABS 473 ink and Crysta-Lyn DLS 461B ink, and an ink that has one or more relatively sharp absorbance peaks in the blue part of the spectrum. In some embodiments, a blue chroma enhancer ink is an ink that has a relatively sharp absorbance peak in one or more of the CEW1, CEWia, or CEW13 chroma enhancer windows.

[0215] Green chroma enhancer inks include inks that have a relatively sharp absorbance peak with a wavelength between about 520 nm and about 570 nm, between about 558 nm and about 580 nm, between about 540 nm and about 580 nm, or between about 540 nm and 565 nm. In some embodiments, a green chroma enhancer ink, when incorporated into an optical filter, is configured to produce an absorbance peak with a bandwidth greater than or equal to about 15 nm or greater than or equal to about 20 nm. Examples of such inks include Exciton ABS 561 ink, Crysta-Lyn DLS 564B ink, and an ink that has one or more relatively sharp absorbance peaks in the green part of the spectrum. In some embodiments, a green chroma enhancer ink is an ink that has a relatively sharp absorbance peak in one or more of the CEW2 or CEW2A chroma enhancer windows.

[0216] Yellow chroma-enhancing inks include inks that have a relatively sharp absorbance peak with a wavelength Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 77 / 165 75 / 146 between about 570 nm and about 590 nm, between about 580 nm and about 600 nm, or between about 570 nm and about 580 nm. In some embodiments, a yellow chroma enhancer ink, when incorporated into an optical filter, is configured to produce an absorbance peak with a bandwidth greater than or equal to about 15 nm or greater than or equal to about 20 nm. Examples of such inks include Exciton ABS 574 ink and an ink that has one or more relatively sharp absorbance peaks within the yellow part of the spectrum. In some embodiments, a yellow chroma enhancer ink is an ink that has a relatively sharp absorbance peak within one of the CEW2 or CEW2B chroma enhancer windows.

[0217] Red chroma-enhancing inks include inks that have a relatively sharp absorbance peak with a wavelength between about 600 nm and about 680 nm, between about 630 nm and about 660 nm, between about 640 nm and about 670 nm, or between about 600 nm and 660 nm. In some embodiments, a red chroma-enhancing ink, when incorporated into an optical filter, is configured to produce an absorbance peak with a bandwidth greater than or equal to about 15 nm or greater than or equal to about 20 nm. Examples of such inks include Exciton ABS 659 ink, Crysta-Lyn DLS 654B ink, and an ink that has one or more relatively sharp absorbance peaks within the red part of the spectrum. In some embodiments, a red chroma enhancer ink is an ink that has a relatively sharp absorbance peak within the CEW3 chroma enhancer window.

[0218] Information relating to certain examples of Exciton chroma-enhancing inks is shown in Table C. Information relating to certain examples of Crysta-Lyn Chemical Company chroma-enhancing inks is shown in Table D. Table C Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 78 / 165 76 / 146 Examples of inks Example of λ center (nm) Example of melting point Examples of solubility in solvents (gm / L) Examples of strength (L / mg'cm) Violet chroma enhancer ink 407 + 1 >300 24 (chloroform) 3.5 (toluene) 4.8 (cyclohexanone) >490 (methylene chloride at 407 nm peak) Blue chroma enhancer ink 473 + 2 >200 9 (cyclopentanone) 16 (methylene chloride) 25 (chloroform) 14 (toluene) 175 (methylene chloride) Green chroma enhancer ink 561 + 2 >300 1.1 (methylene chloride) 0.6 (toluene) 2.6 (chloroform) 0.3 (cyclohexane) 0.15 (ketone methyl ethyl) 44 (methylene chloride) Yellow chroma enhancer ink 574 + 2 >300 28 (methylene chloride) 7.5 (hexane) 2.8 (toluene) 0.467 (acetone) 183 (methylene chloride) Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 79 / 165 77 / 146 Red chroma enhancer ink 660 + 2 >300 Higher in chlorinated solvents, e.g., chloroform >320 (chloroform) Table D Examples of inks Pico λ (nm) Melting point (oC) Blue chroma enhancer ink 461 257 Green chroma enhancer ink 564 242 Red chroma enhancer ink 654 223

[0194] In some embodiments, a lens comprises an injection-molded polymeric lens having a concave surface and a convex surface and a laminate bonded to the injection-molded polymeric lenses. The laminate may include a first polymeric layer, a base layer, and a second polymeric layer, the first polymeric layer being bonded to the convex surface of the injection-molded polymeric lens. The polymeric lens may include a copolymer resin. In some embodiments, the first polymeric layer is directly bonded to the polymeric lens. In certain embodiments, the first polymeric layer is adhesively bonded to the polymeric lens. The base layer may at least partially incorporate an optical filter layer. The lens may be corrective or non-corrective. The lens may have any suitable shape, including, for example, plano-plano, meniscus, cylindrical, spherical, other shape, or a combination of shapes.

[0219] Figure 53 illustrates an example of a lens modality. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 80 / 165 78 / 146 providing chroma enhancement. The 402 lens includes a 404 lens body and a 406 laminate. The 406 laminate and the 404 lens body are bonded together. In some embodiments, the 406 laminate and the 404 lens body may be integrally bonded to each other and may be adhesively bonded together. In some embodiments, the 402 lenses include a first 408 lens coating and not a second 410 lens coating. In certain embodiments, the 402 lens includes both a first 408 lens coating and a second 410 lens coating. In some embodiments, the 402 lens includes a second 410 lens coating and not a first 408 lens coating. In certain embodiments, the 402 lens does not include any lens coating.

[0220] Laminate 406 may comprise a single layer or multiple layers. Laminate 406 may have one or more layers in the form of a single layer or multiple layers which may be coated with a hard coating or a primer. For example, the laminate may be a single layer of polycarbonate, PET, polyethylene, acrylic, nylon, polyurethane, polyimide, other film material or a combination of the materials. As another example, the laminate may comprise multiple layers of film, where each layer of film comprises polycarbonate, PET, polyethylene, acrylic, nylon, polyurethane, polyimide, other film material or a combination of the materials.

[0221] The first lens coating 408 or second lens coating 410 may be a transition layer between the laminate 406 and the lens body 404. The transition layer may assist in matching the optical index of the laminate 406 and the lens body 404. In some embodiments, the transition layer may improve adhesion between the layers or enhance other lens properties.

[0222] 402 lenses can be of any desired shape. By Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 81 / 165 79 / 146 For example, the 402 lens can have 1 axis of curvature or 2 axes of curvature; the lens can be cylindrical, parabolic, spherical, plano, or elliptical, or any other shape such as a meniscus or catenoid. The 402 lens can also be corrective or non-corrective.

[0223] In some embodiments of the lens 402 described in Figure 53, the optical filter is partially incorporated into the lens body 404. In certain embodiments, the optical filter may be partially incorporated into the laminate 406. The laminate 406 includes one or more chroma-enhancing inks configured to attenuate visible light passing through the lens 402 in one or more spectral bands. In certain embodiments, the laminate 406 includes one or more blue chroma-enhancing inks. In some embodiments, the laminate 406 may incorporate one or more violet chroma-enhancing inks. In some embodiments, the laminate 406 may incorporate one or more yellow chroma-enhancing inks. In some embodiments, the laminate 406 may incorporate one or more red chroma-enhancing inks. In some embodiments, the laminate 406 may incorporate one or more green chroma-enhancing inks.It should be understood that laminate 406 may incorporate any permutation of violet, blue, green, yellow, and / or red chroma-enhancing tints to achieve one or more of the desired optical properties. In some embodiments, lens body 404 may incorporate one or more violet, blue, green, yellow, and / or red chroma-enhancing tints.

[0224] As described in Figure 54, a lens may include a laminate 506 and a lens body 504. The laminate 506 may include a base layer 508 that is attached to a first polymer layer 510. The laminate 506 may include a second polymer layer 512 such that the base layer 508 is sandwiched between the first polymer layer 510 and the second polymer layer 512. The laminate 506 may also include a first Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 82 / 165 80 / 146 bonding layer 514 situated between the first polymer layer 510 and the base layer 508. The laminate 506 may also include a second bonding layer 516 situated between the second polymer layer 512 and the base layer 508. The laminate 506 may also include a first lens coating 518 disposed on the first polymer layer 510. The laminate 506 may also include a second lens coating 520 disposed on the second polymer layer 512. In certain embodiments, the second lens coating may also be disposed on either side of the lens body 504.

[0225] The first or second polymer layer 510, 512, if present, and the base layer 508, if present, may serve various functions in lenses 502. For example, one or more of the polymer layers may serve to thermally insulate the base layer 508 such that the laminate 506 may be used in high-temperature molding processes without subjecting the base layer 508 to temperatures sufficient to significantly degrade the optical performance of the base layer 508 or one or more materials within the base layer 508. In some embodiments, one or more layers in the laminate 506 may provide optical properties to the lens 502 such as optical filtration, polarization, or photochromism.In some embodiments, one or more polymer layers 510, 512, one or more lens coatings 518, 520, or one or more bonding layers 514, 516 may provide mechanical protection to the lens 502 or other layers in the laminate 506, reduce stress in the laminate 506, or improve the bond or adhesion between the layers in the laminate 506 and / or between the laminate 506 and the lens body 504. In some embodiments, one or more polymer layers 510, 512, one or more lens coatings 518, 520, or one or more bonding layers 514, 516 may provide additional functionality such as anti-reflective functionality, anti-static functionality, anti-fog functionality, resistance to... Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 83 / 165 81 / 146 scratch, mechanical durability, hydrophobic functionality, reflective functionality, darkening functionality or aesthetic functionality including paint.

[0226] The lens body 504 of the lens 502 can be contoured during initial forming to have an optical magnification characteristic that modifies the focal strength of the lens 502. In some embodiments, the lens body 504 can be machined after initial forming to modify the focal strength of the lens 502. The lens body 504 provides a substantial amount of the optical strength and magnification characteristics to the lens 502. The base layer 508 inherently affects the magnification and optical strength characteristics of the lens 502 since the laminate 506 contributes to the total thickness of the lens 502. In some embodiments, the lens body 504 provides most of the lens 502's magnification and optical strength characteristics.The division of most of the optical strength and magnification by the lens body 504 may allow the selection of lens body materials 504 and lens body forming techniques 504 that provide enhanced lens optical strength and magnification characteristics 502, without adversely affecting the selection of laminated materials 506 and forming techniques.

[0227] Although not shown in Figure 54, the 508 base layer can be structured in a variety of ways, such as in multilayer or composite mode. For example, the 508 base layer can be structured to include one or more chroma-enhancing inks (not shown) that increase the chroma of a scene when compared to the chroma of a substantially unfiltered scene. As another example, the 508 base layer can include multiple film parts (not shown) such as a chroma-enhancing film part, a polarizing film part, and / or a photochromic film part that are laminated together using a suitable technique. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 84 / 165 82 / 146

[0228] An optical filter may be incorporated into the base layer 508. The laminate 506 containing the optical filter may then be incorporated into a mold, such as an injection mold, so that the film 508 with the optical filter is integrally molded as part of the lens 502. In addition, one or more additional elements such as photochromic, polarizing, abrasion-resistant or tinting elements may be incorporated into the base layer 508 and integrally molded as part of the lens 502. The elements may be made by many convenient manufacturing processes, including, but not limited to, lamination of the layers, adhesive bonding of the individual layers and extrusion of one or more layers (or all three layers) to form the three-layer elements (referred to as a laminate, however, available for manufacture, as noted above, by processes other than lamination).In some embodiments, a laminate preparation method involves extruding the layers sequentially or simultaneously in the appropriate layer order. The central layer of the three layers should be the film layer so that a layer further from the lens body acts as a protective or scratch-resistant layer, and the layer closest to the lens body acts as a cushion or bonding layer to the lens body. It is structurally possible to use a two-layer laminate (with the protective polymer layer on top and the lens body) using a dry film adhesive or liquid adhesive between the lens body and the film layer.

[0229] The 508 base layer may incorporate one or more chroma-enhancing tints. The 508 base layer operates to place the chroma-enhancing properties of the optical filter in working relation with the 504 lens body. Other properties of interest may be incorporated into the film layer, such as aesthetic properties like decoration, markings, tints, and lens color. Still other examples of properties of interest may include aspects of durability, Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 85 / 165 83 / 146 such as hardness, abrasion resistance and chemical resistance. In some embodiments, the base layer 508 includes one or more chroma-enhancing paints configured to significantly attenuate the light passing through the lens 502 in one or more chroma-enhancing windows. The laminate portions 506 may provide optical properties to the lenses 502 such as optical filtration, polarization or photochromism.

[0230] The 508 base layer may include a base film (not shown) and one or more chroma enhancer inks configured to enhance the chroma of a scene when compared to a substantially unfiltered scene (not shown) that is embedded within or over the base film. When the 508 base layer comprises more than one film that at least partially incorporates the optical filter, the 508 base layer may include more than one base film (not shown). In some embodiments, the 508 base layer may include one or more chroma enhancer inks configured to increase the chroma in one or more chroma enhancer windows (not shown) and a base resin (not shown), with one or more chroma enhancer inks and the base resin being homogeneously mixed together prior to the formation of the 508 base layer from the medium / resin mixture.In addition to the base layers 508, laminate 506 includes the first polymer layer 510 and may include the second polymer layer 512. If the second polymer layer 512 is included, the first and second polymer layers 510 and 512 are located on opposite sides of the base layer 508.

[0231] In some embodiments, the 508 base coat includes one or more chroma-enhancing paints. In certain embodiments, the base resin or film may be a polycarbonate. In certain embodiments, the base resin or film is of the polyvinyl acetate type. Specific examples of suitable resins of any of the Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 86 / 165 84 / 146 base film or base resin include polycarbonate, polyvinyl acetate, polyimide, PET, nylon, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, acrylic, polyvinyl, formaldehyde, polyvinyl acetal and saponified copolymer film (ethylene / vinyl acetate).

[0232] The amount of ink dissolved in the film or resinous material may be sufficient such that the base layer 508 has the spectral profile that is configured to produce the chroma-enhanced scenes as described in one or more of the embodiments described herein. The amount of ink dissolved in the material may, for example, be sufficient to provide significant attenuation within one or more chroma-enhanced windows and less than or equal to the solubility limit of the ink in the film or resinous material.

[0233] One or more chroma-enhancing inks can be incorporated into the base resin or film to make the 508 base layer with chroma-enhancing properties. For example, the base film can be extruded from pellets that have been coated with one or more chroma-enhancing inks. In some embodiments, the pellets and an appropriate amount of chroma-enhancing ink(s) are loaded into a swirling and agitation chamber. An appropriate amount of chroma-enhancing ink(s) may be approximately equal to an amount that results in a film layer with a desired level of absorbance. The amount may depend, for example, on the strength of the inks, the thickness of the film layer, the solubility of the inks, the desired concentration of the inks, and the desired absorbance profile of the optical filter. The mixture is swirled or agitated until the pellets are coated with a desired degree of uniformity.Next, the chroma-enhancing ink-coated pellets are placed in an extruder. The extruder is operated to create an optical-grade film of substantially uniform thickness. In some embodiments,... Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 87 / 165 85 / 146 All or substantially all of the inks incorporated into the film layer are dissolved in the film resin. Consequently, the resulting film is substantially free of undissolved inks, which can degrade the optical properties of the film.

[0234] The thickness of the 508 base layer depends at least partially on the solubility, strength, and / or concentration of one or more chroma-enhancing inks that are incorporated into the film. Some embodiments incorporate a relatively thin film layer, such as, for example, the thinnest possible film that provides sufficient solubility of the inks used in the optical filter to produce a desired optical filter spectral profile. Tables C and D provide examples of solubility characteristics of various examples of chroma-enhancing inks. For example, in some embodiments, the 508 base layer includes a blue chroma-enhancing ink. The 508 base layer may have any suitable thickness, such as, for example, a thickness between about 0.01 mm and about 1 mm, greater than or equal to about 0.01 mm, or greater than or equal to about 0.1 mm. In certain embodiments, the 508 base layer includes blue and yellow chroma-enhancing inks.In certain embodiments, the 508 base coat includes blue, yellow, and red chroma enhancer paints. In certain embodiments, the 508 base coat includes blue, green, yellow, and red chroma enhancer paints. The thickness range of the 508 base coat, when incorporating one or more chroma enhancer paints, is about 0.01 mm to about 0.1 mm, with some embodiments having a thickness less than about 0.01 mm and some embodiments having a thickness greater than about 0.1 mm.

[0235] In some embodiments, the 508 base coat includes one or more blue chroma enhancer paints. In some embodiments, the 508 base coat may incorporate one or more enhancer paints of Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 88 / 165 86 / 146 violet chroma inks. In some embodiments, the 508 base layer may incorporate one or more yellow chroma enhancer inks. In some embodiments, the 508 base layer may incorporate one or more red chroma enhancer inks. In some embodiments, the 508 base layer may incorporate one or more green chroma enhancer inks. It should be understood that any permutation of violet, blue, green, yellow, and / or red chroma enhancer inks may be loaded into the 508 base layer to obtain one or more of the desired optical properties. In some embodiments, other lens elements may incorporate one or more violet, blue, green, yellow, and / or red chroma enhancer inks.

[0236] The first polymer layer 510 can be attached to the base layer 508 by a first bonding layer 514, and the second polymer layer 512, if included, can be attached to the base layer 508 by a second bonding layer 516. The first bonding layer is typically not included when the base layer 508 is the coating 518. In some embodiments, a first lens coating 518 is applied over the first polymer layer 510. In certain embodiments, a second lens coating 520 is applied over the second polymer layer 512, if the second polymer layer 512 is included. The first and second lens coatings 518 and 520 are described with the dashed lines in Figure 54. The schematic diagram shown in Figure 54 is not to scale, and the thickness of one or more lens elements may be exaggerated for schematic purposes.

[0237] In some embodiments, the laminate 506 includes a wafer (not shown) having a first polymer layer 510. In the wafer, the base layer 508 may comprise either the second polymer layer 512, the second lens coating 520, or the second polymer layer 512 that is coated with the second coating of Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 89 / 165 87 / 146 lens 520. If the water includes the second polymer layer 510, the wafer may also include either the first bonding layer 514 or the second bonding layer 516 to attach the second polymer layer 512 to the first polymer layer 510. Additionally, the first polymer layer 510 may include the first lens coating 518.

[0238] Laminate 506 can be attached to lens body 504 with the first polymer layer 510, the second polymer layer 512, the first lens coating 518, or the second lens coating 520 in contact with lens body 504. In some embodiments, laminate 506 is attached to lens body 504 with the first polymer layer 510 or the second polymer layer 512 in contact (not shown) with lens body 504.

[0239] When the first polymer layer 510 or the first lens coating 518 is in contact with the lens body 504, the second polymer layer 512, if included, can form an outer surface 522 of the lens 502 that is open to the atmosphere and protects the base layer 508 from damage and abrasion. In some embodiments, the outer surface 522 is a convex surface. The second lens coating 520, if included, can replace the second polymer layer 512 as the outer surface 522. In some embodiments, when the second polymer layer 512 or the second lens coating 520 is in contact with the lens body 504, the first polymer layer 510, if included, forms the outer surface 522 of the lens 502 that is open to the atmosphere and protects the base layer 508 from damage and abrasion. Furthermore, the first lens coating 518, if included, can replace the first polymer layer 510 as the outer surface 522.Furthermore, when laminate 506 takes the form of the wafer (not shown), the second polymeric layer 512, or the second lens coating, is applied. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 90 / 165 88 / 146 520 can form the protective outer surface 522.

[0240] In certain embodiments, the first polymer layer 510 and the second polymer layer 512 must be compatible with the lens body 504, the laminate 506, and the first and second bonding layers 514, 516, and, if included, the first and second lens coatings 518, 522. In this context, compatible layers may refer to layers that are capable of either strongly bonding with or strongly adhering to the lens body material 504. Compatible layers may also refer to one or more materials in the first polymer layer 510 and / or the second polymer layer 512 that are unlikely to undesirably react with other lens components 502 to degrade the lens body 504, the base layer 508, the first bonding layer 514, the second bonding layer 516, the first lens coating 518 (if included), the second lens coating 520 (if included). included) or organic inks incorporated into any of the lens elements 502.

[0241] Furthermore, one of the first polymer layer 510 and the other of the second polymer layer 512 that is attached to the lens body 504 can generally be made of polycarbonate, PET, polyethylene, acrylic, nylon, polyurethane, polyimide or polyester. Thus, the first polymer layer 510 and the second polymer layer 512 can each be made of different materials, such as different thermoplastic resins. Either or both of the polymer layers 510, 512 may be made of a different material than that of the lens body 504. In certain embodiments, the lens body 504 and one of the first polymer layer 510 and the second polymer layer 512 that is attached to the lens body 504 are each made of any one of a variety of plastic resins, including polycarbonate homopolymers and copolymers, amorphous polyolefins, polystyrene, and acrylic compounds to allow the lens body 504 to fuse to the first layer. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 91 / 165 89 / 146 polymeric 510 or second polymeric layer 512. In some embodiments, the lens body 504 and one of the first polymeric layer 510 and the second polymeric layer 512 that is attached to the lens body 504 are each made of the same thermoplastic resin to further enhance the fusion of the lens body 504 to the first polymeric layer 510 or second polymeric layer 512.

[0242] One or more chroma-enhancing inks may be incorporated into the resinous material comprising the first or second polymer layer 510, 512. The amount of ink dissolved in the resinous material may be sufficient such that at least the first or second polymer layer 510, 512 has a spectral profile that is configured to produce the chroma-enhancing scenes as described in one or more embodiments described herein. The amount of ink dissolved in the material may, for example, be sufficient to provide significant attenuation in one or more chroma-enhancing windows and less than or equal to the solubility limit of the ink in the resinous material.

[0243] The thickness of a polymer layer incorporating one or more chroma-enhancing inks depends at least partially on the solubility of one or more chroma-enhancing inks. For example, in certain embodiments, at least one first or second polymer layer 510 or 512 includes a blue chroma-enhancing ink resulting in a layer with a thickness of about 0.1 mm, greater than about 0.1 mm, between about 0.1 mm and about 1 mm, less than about 0.1 mm, or greater than about 1 mm. In certain embodiments, at least one first or second polymer layer 510 or 512 includes yellow and blue chroma-enhancing inks. In certain embodiments, at least one first or second polymer layer 510 or 512 includes blue, yellow, and red chroma-enhancing inks. In certain embodiments, at least one Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 92 / 165 90 / 146 first or second polymer layer 510 or 512 includes blue, yellow, red, and green chroma enhancer inks. The thickness range of at least one first or second polymer layer 510 or 512 incorporating one or more chroma enhancer inks may be between about 0.1 mm and about 1 mm. In some embodiments, one or more polymer layers 510, 512 have a thickness less than or equal to about 0.1 mm. In certain embodiments, one or more polymer layers 510, 512 have a thickness greater than or equal to about 1 mm.

[0244] In certain embodiments, at least one of the first or second polymer layers 510, 512 includes one or more blue chroma enhancer inks. In some embodiments, at least one of the first or second polymer layers 510, 512 may incorporate one or more violet chroma enhancer inks. In some embodiments, at least one of the first or second polymer layers 510, 512 may incorporate one or more yellow chroma enhancer inks. In some embodiments, at least one of the first or second polymer layers 510, 512 may incorporate one or more red chroma enhancer inks. In some embodiments, at least one of the first or second polymer layers 510, 512 may incorporate one or more green chroma enhancer inks.It should be understood that at least one of the first or second polymeric layers 510, 512 may incorporate any permutation of violet, blue, green, yellow, and / or red chroma-enhancing tints to achieve one or more desired optical properties. In some embodiments, other lens elements may incorporate one or more violet, blue, green, yellow, and / or red chroma-enhancing tints.

[0245] In some embodiments, the 506 lens includes a chroma enhancement filter that is configured to withstand temperatures that are typical Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 93 / 165 91 / 146 of lens manufacturing techniques. In certain embodiments, the chroma enhancement filter may be at least partially incorporated into the lens using one or more chroma enhancement inks that tend to degrade or decompose at temperatures at which the resins are injected into a mold in some injection molding processes. In some such embodiments, one or more chroma enhancement inks may be incorporated into the first polymer layer 510 (e.g., the polymer layer on the convex side of the base layer 508). In some such embodiments, one or more chroma-enhancing inks may be incorporated into a bonding layer 514 or a coating 518 on a convex side of the base layer 508. By incorporating one or more chroma-enhancing inks into a layer near the convex or outer surface 522 of the lens 506, one or more chroma-enhancing inks may be substantially isolated from high-temperature resins during a molding process.Although the molding process may require a resin to enter a lens mold at a temperature higher than a threshold temperature at which one or more chroma-enhancing inks begin to substantially degrade or decompose, the second polymer layer 512, one or more bonding layers 514, 516 and / or the base layer 508 can provide thermal insulation between the hot resin and the layer(s) incorporating one or more chroma-enhancing inks.

[0246] As shown in Figure 2, a lens 102 may have a first lens body element 204, a second lens body element 208, and a laminate or film layer 206 disposed between the first and second lens body elements 204, 208. In some embodiments, the first lens body element 204 and the second lens body element 208 are located on opposite sides of the laminate or film layer 206. The lens may include a coating 202 on the first lens body element 204. In Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 94 / 165 92 / 146 In some embodiments, coating 202 may also be located on the second lens body element 208. In certain embodiments, coating 202 may be located between the first lens body element 204 and the laminated or film layer 206. In certain embodiments, coating 202 may be located between the second lens body element 208 and the film or laminated layer 206. The configuration described in Figure 2 advantageously allows a lens body element to have a non-uniform thickness, such as in a corrective lens configuration, while maintaining the chroma enhancement benefits provided by the optical filter when it is not incorporated into the lens body element.

[0247] Suitable methods and materials for bonding the first polymer layer 510 to the base layer 508, for bonding the second polymer layer 512 to the base layer 508, or for bonding the first and second polymer layers 510, 512 to each other may be used to facilitate adhesion between two or more lens elements. Examples of suitable bonding technologies include thermal welding, fusion, pressure-sensitive adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, electrostatic attraction, thermoforming, other types of adhesives, ultraviolet light-curable materials, thermally curable materials, radiation-curable materials, other bonding methods, other bonding materials, and combinations of methods and / or materials. In some embodiments, any suitable technique for bonding the layers of the laminate 506 together may be used.

[0248] Materials suitable for use as the first bonding layer 514 and the second bonding layer 516 must have good optical properties, including high optical transparency, no yellowing under light exposure, an ability to bend during injection molding without cracking, minimal wrinkling during curing, and must meet the above material compatibility requirements. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 95 / 165 93 / 146 mentioned. Some examples of suitable materials for the first bonding layer 514 and the second bonding layer 516 include acrylic, epoxy, and urethane type adhesives, such as Loctite® FMD-207, Loctite® FMD-338, Loctite® FMD-436, and Loctite® 3311, each available from Loctite Corporation of Hartford, Conn.; Norland Optical Adhesive Type 68 available from Norland Products Inc. of New Brunswick, NJ; and Summers Laboratories Type SK-9 available from Summers Laboratories, Inc. of Collegeville, PA. The materials used for the first bonding layer 514 and the second bonding layer 516 may be heat-curable or UV-curable.

[0249] In some embodiments, a lens includes one or more bonding layers. The bonding layer may be made of any suitable bonding material, such as, for example, adhesive, a material that enhances electrostatic attraction, a material curable by application of heat, ultraviolet radiation or other radiation, another material that facilitates adhesion between two surfaces, or a combination of materials. In certain embodiments, the bonding material incorporates one or more chroma-enhancing inks. For example, one or more chroma-enhancing inks may be added to one or more containers of the bonding material, and the mixture may be shaken or otherwise agitated until the inks are substantially, almost completely, or completely dissolved in the bonding material.The bonding material can then be applied between two or more lens components, thereby promoting adhesion between the components and adding at least part of a chroma-enhancing filter to the composite lens structure.

[0250] The amount of ink dissolved in the bonding material or adhesive may be sufficient such that at least a first and / or second bonding layer 514 or 516, Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 96 / 165 94 / 146 combined with any other optical filtering component, produces a desired chroma enhancement effect. For example, the optical filter may be similar to one or more of the chroma enhancement filters described herein or may have a slightly different or substantially different spectral profile from the filters described herein. The amount of ink dissolved in the adhesive or bonding material may, for example, be sufficient to provide significant attenuation in a chroma enhancement window without exceeding the ink solubility limit.

[0251] The thickness of a bonding layer incorporating one or more chroma-enhancing inks depends at least partially on factors such as the solubility, strength, and concentration of one or more chroma-enhancing inks. For example, in certain embodiments, at least one first or second bonding layer 514 or 516 includes a blue chroma-enhancing ink resulting in a layer with a thickness of about 5 µm, greater than or equal to about 5 µm, and / or less than or equal to about 50 µm, or greater than or equal to about 50 µm. In certain embodiments, at least one first or second bonding layer 514 or 516 includes blue and yellow chroma-enhancing inks. In certain embodiments, at least one first or second bonding layer 514 or 516 includes blue, yellow, and red chroma-enhancing inks. In certain embodiments, at least the first or second 514 or 516 bonding layer includes blue, green, yellow, and red chroma enhancer inks.The thicknesses of a first bonding layer 514 or a second bonding layer 516 incorporating one or more chroma-enhancing paints may be greater than or equal to about 5 µm and / or less than or equal to about 50 µm, with some embodiments having a thickness less than about 5 µm and some embodiments having a thickness greater than about 50 µm.

[0252] The linking layers may include one or more groups of Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 97 / 165 95 / 146 functional layers arranged on a substrate and / or between two or more other layers. The bonding layer may be made of a material system that can adhere to the substrate and / or to one or more coatings. The material system for the bonding layer may include polyurethane adhesive, organic adhesive, thermoplastic adhesive, thermosetting adhesive, other suitable material, or a combination of materials. The thickness of the bonding layer may generally be greater than or equal to about 5 μm and / or less than or equal to about 50 μm. Many other variations or alternative configurations for the bonding layer are possible.

[0253] In some embodiments, at least one of the first or second 514, 516 bonding layers includes one or more blue chroma enhancer inks. In some embodiments, at least one of the first or second 514, 516 bonding layers may incorporate one or more violet chroma enhancer inks. In some embodiments, at least one of the first or second 514, 516 bonding layers may incorporate one or more yellow chroma enhancer inks. In some embodiments, at least one of the first or second 514, 516 bonding layers may incorporate one or more red chroma enhancer inks. In some embodiments, at least one of the first or second 514, 516 bonding layers may incorporate one or more green chroma enhancer inks.It should be understood that at least one of the first or second bonding layers 514, 516 may incorporate any permutation of violet, blue, green, yellow, and / or red chroma enhancer tints to achieve one or more desired optical properties. In some embodiments, other lens elements may incorporate one or more violet, blue, green, yellow, and / or red chroma enhancer tints.

[0254] The first coating of the 518 lens and the second coating Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, page 98 / 165 96 / 146 of lens 520 may be formed from any material(s) suitable to provide hardness, abrasion resistance, and / or chemical resistance to laminate 506, especially if the material compatibility requirements are met. Some examples of suitable coating materials include hard acrylic coatings and hard polysiloxane compounds. In some embodiments, the first lens coating 518 and the second lens coating 520 may be formed from any material suitable to provide interference properties, antireflective properties, improved adhesion with other lens elements, and / or provide a desirable refractive index between air and laminate 506 and / or laminate 506 and the lens body 504. The first lens coating 518 and the second lens coating 520 may be situated between any layer in laminate 506 such as between the first polymer layer 512 and the base layer 508.In some embodiments, the first lens coating 518 or the second lens coating 520 may be situated between the first and second polymer layers 510 and 512.

[0255] In certain embodiments, the lens coating material incorporates one or more chroma-enhancing inks. For example, one or more chroma-enhancing inks may be added to one or more containers of the coating material, and a mixture may be shaken or otherwise agitated until the inks are substantially, almost completely, or completely dissolved in the coating material. The coating material may then be applied to one or more lens components, thereby providing functionality such as a primer or hard coating for one or more lens elements and adding at least a portion of a chroma-enhancing filter to the composite lens structure. In certain embodiments, a coating material may be applied to one or more lens elements. One or more chroma-enhancing inks Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, p. 99 / 165 97 / 146 chroma can then be mixed with a polar solvent, such as water, until the inks are substantially, almost completely, or completely dissolved in the polar solvent. The lens element can then be immersed in the solution where the chromophores can then lodge in the microscopic structures of the substrate.

[0256] In certain embodiments, one or more chroma-enhancing inks may be incorporated into a lens coating material. The amount of ink dissolved in the lens coating material may be sufficient such that at least the first or second lens coating 518 or 520 has the spectral profile that is configured to produce the chroma-enhancing scenes as described in one or more embodiments described herein. The amount of ink dissolved in the material may, for example, be sufficient to provide significant attenuation in one or more chroma-enhancing windows and less than or equal to the solubility limit of the ink in the material.

[0257] The thickness of a lens coating incorporating one or more chroma-enhancing inks depends at least partially on the solubility, strength, and concentration of one or more chroma-enhancing inks. For example, in certain embodiments, at least one first or second coating of lens 518 or 520 includes one or more blue chroma-enhancing inks resulting in a coating with a thickness of about 0.5 pm, greater than about 0.5 pm, between about 0.5 pm and about 4 μπ, less than about 0.5 pm, or greater than about 4 pm. In certain embodiments, at least one first or second coating of lens 518 or 520 includes blue and yellow chroma-enhancing inks. In certain embodiments, at least one first or second coating of lens 518 or 520 includes blue, yellow, and red chroma-enhancing inks. In certain embodiments, at least one first or second coating of Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 100 / 165 98 / 146 lens 518 or 520 includes blue, yellow, red, and green chroma enhancer tints. The thickness range of at least one first or second coating of the 518 or 520 lens incorporating one or more chroma enhancer tints can be from about 0.5 μm to about 4 μm. In some embodiments, the coating has a thickness less than or equal to about 0.5 μm or greater than or equal to about 4 μm.

[0258] In certain embodiments, at least one of the first or second coatings of lens 518, 520 includes one or more blue chroma-enhancing tints. In some embodiments, at least one of the first or second coatings of lens 518, 520 may incorporate one or more violet chroma-enhancing tints. In some embodiments, at least one of the first or second coatings of lens 518, 520 may incorporate one or more yellow chroma-enhancing tints. In some embodiments, at least one of the first or second coatings of lens 518, 520 may incorporate one or more red chroma-enhancing tints. In some embodiments, at least one of the first or second coatings of lens 518, 520 may incorporate one or more green chroma-enhancing tints.It should be understood that at least one of the first or second lens coatings 518, 520 may incorporate any permutation of violet, blue, green, yellow, and / or red chroma-enhancing tints to achieve one or more desired optical properties. In some embodiments, other lens elements may incorporate one or more violet, blue, green, yellow, and / or red chroma-enhancing tints.

[0259] As mentioned, when laminate 506 takes the form of a wafer (not shown), the base layer 508 may consist either of the second polymer layer 512, or of the second lens coating 520, or of the second polymer layer 512 which is coated with the second Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 101 / 165 99 / 146 lens coating 520. Thus, when the laminate 506 takes the form of a wafer (not shown), it should be readily understood that consequent changes in the thickness of the base layer 508 will result.

[0260] In certain embodiments, the laminate of Figure 54 is a polarizing wafer. The polarizing wafer may be similar in many respects to polarizing wafers available from, for example, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. of Tokyo, Japan and Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd. of Tokyo, Japan. The polarizing wafer may incorporate, at least partially, an optical filter designed to provide chroma enhancement in one or more parts of the visible spectrum. In some embodiments of the polarizing wafer, at least partially incorporating an optical filter, the first polymer layer 510 and the second polymer layer 512 include sheets of transparent polycarbonate, each having a thickness ranging from about 0.03 mm to about 4 mm or a thickness ranging from about 0.05 mm to about 3 mm.In some embodiments, the first bonding layer 514 and the second bonding layer 516 comprise polyurethane adhesives. In certain embodiments, the base layer 508 may provide the polarizing properties through the incorporation of one or more dichroic dyes, iodine, or other suitable dyes for a polyvinyl alcohol-type film having a thickness ranging from about 20 to about 120 μπι or ranging from about 30 μπι to about 50 μπι. Examples of a polyvinyl alcohol-type film are a polyvinyl alcohol film (PVA), a polyvinylformal film, a polyvinylacetal film, and a saponified copolymer film (ethylene / vinyl acetate). In some embodiments, the polarizing properties of the wafer may be provided by a nanowire grid that filters light through plasmon reflection. In certain embodiments, the wafer of... Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 102 / 165 100 / 146 polarization can be coated with a first coating 518. In some embodiments, the polarization wafer in certain embodiments can be coated with a second coating layer 520.

[0261] In some embodiments, the PVA film of the polarizing wafer may be coated with polyurethane or other suitable adhesives. In certain embodiments, the adhesive may incorporate one or more chroma-enhancing dyes. For example, in certain embodiments, the polyurethane adhesive of at least the first or second bonding layer 514 or 516 includes a blue chroma dye accessory. In certain embodiments, at least the first or second bonding layer 514 or 516 includes blue and yellow chroma-enhancing dyes. In certain embodiments, at least the first or second bonding layer 514 or 516 includes blue, yellow, red, and chroma-enhancing dyes. In certain embodiments, at least the first or second bonding layer 514 or 516 includes blue, green, yellow, and red chroma-enhancing dyes.

[0262] Exemplary techniques for preparing a polarizing film incorporating one or more chroma-enhancing dyes will now be described. The example refers to PVA film for illustrative purposes, but other types of polarizing films may also be used. In certain embodiments, the PVA film is immersed in an aqueous solution of dichroic substance at room temperature up to about 50°C to adsorb a dichroic substance into a film. In some embodiments, one or more chroma-enhancing dyes are incorporated into the solution. The film is then stretched at room temperature up to about 80°C about 2.5 to about 8 times in one direction in water, in which an additive, such as a metal ion or boric acid, is dissolved, to effect, Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 103 / 165 101 / 146 thus, adsorption and orientation. The film is then taken from the solution and, while being held under tension, is washed with water and dried, then heat treated at about 110°C to obtain a PVA polarization film.

[0263] In some embodiments, the PVA film of the polarizing wafer may incorporate one or more chroma-enhancing dyes. In some embodiments, the PVA 508 base layer includes a blue chroma dye attachment. In certain embodiments, the PVA 508 base layer includes blue and yellow chroma-enhancing dyes. In certain embodiments, the PVA 508 base layer includes blue, yellow, and red chroma-enhancing dyes. In certain embodiments, the PVA 508 base layer includes blue, yellow, green, and red chroma-enhancing dyes.

[0264] In some embodiments, the PVA 508 film includes one or more chroma-enhancing dyes and at least one of the 514 or 516 polyurethane adhesive layers includes one or more chroma-enhancing dyes. For example, in certain embodiments, a blue chroma-enhancing dye may be incorporated into at least one of the 514 or 516 polyurethane adhesive layers, and green, yellow, and red chroma-enhancing dyes may be incorporated into the PVA 508 film. As another example, in certain embodiments, one or more blue and yellow chroma-enhancing dyes may be incorporated into at least one of the 514 or 516 polyurethane adhesive layers, and one or more green and red chroma-enhancing dyes may be incorporated into the PVA 508 film.

[0265] In some embodiments the optical filter is partially incorporated into the lens body 504 and partially incorporated into the polarizing wafer 506. For example, in certain embodiments, the lens body 504 may incorporate a chroma-enhancing dye. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 104 / 165 102 / 146 green and at least one of the 514 or 516 polyurethane adhesive layers may incorporate blue, yellow, and red chroma-enhancing dyes. As another example, in certain embodiments, the 504 lens body may incorporate one or more green and yellow chroma-enhancing dyes and at least one of the 514 or 516 polyurethane adhesive layers may incorporate one or more violet, blue, and red chroma-enhancing dyes.

[0266] Some embodiments provide a method of manufacturing a lens 502 configured to provide chroma enhancement in one or more parts of the visible spectrum. First, the base layer 508 is prepared. Then, the laminate 506 is prepared. Finally, the lens 502 is made by attaching the laminate 506 to the lens body 504.

[0267] It should be understood that properties beyond chroma enhancement, such as polarization, photochromism, tint, color, hardness, abrasion resistance and chemical resistance, decoration and markings may be incorporated into the base layer 508. Any of the polymer layers 510, 512 or the lens coatings 518, 520 may impart durability characteristics, such as hardness, abrasion resistance and chemical resistance, to the lens 502 and the outer surface 522 of the lens.

[0268] In some embodiments, after the base layer 508 is prepared, the laminate 506 can be made by bonding the first polymer layer 510 and, if desired, the second polymer layer 512 to the base layer 508 with a first adhesive, as the first bonding layer 514, and a second adhesive as the second bonding layer 516, respectively. Any adhesive-based lamination technique, such as rolling to apply appropriate pressure, can be used to laminate the polymer layers 510, 512 onto the base layer 508. The first lens coating 518, if included, Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 105 / 165 103 / 146 can be applied to the first polymer layer 510 either before or after lamination of the first polymer layer 510 onto the base layer 508. Similarly, if the second polymer layer 512 is included, the second lens coating 520, if included, can be applied to the second polymer layer 512 before or after lamination of the second polymer layer 512 onto the base layer 508.

[0269] In certain embodiments, when the optical filter is at least partially incorporated into the first or second lens coatings 518, 520, instead of the base layer 508, the laminate 506 can be prepared by applying the coating 518 to the first polymer layer 510 using any suitable procedure, such as spraying, brushing or powder application. Examples of materials that are suitable for forming the coating include those materials that are suitable to impart properties such as hardness, abrasion resistance and / or chemical resistance to the laminate 506. Some examples of suitable coating materials include hard acrylic coatings and rigid polysiloxane compounds.

[0270] In certain embodiments incorporating coating 518, coating 518 can be applied directly over the first polymer layer 510. In certain embodiments where the optical filter is at least partially incorporated into the coating and not incorporated into the base layer 508, coating 518 can be used to form the outer surface 522 of the lens 502. Furthermore, coating 518 can be selected to provide the outer surface 522 with desirable properties such as hardness, abrasion resistance and / or chemical resistance.

[0271] In some embodiments, when laminate 506 takes the form of a wafer (not shown), laminate 506 can be prepared by laminating the second polymer layer 512 onto the first layer of Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 106 / 165 104 / 146 polymer 510 with a first adhesive, such as the first bonding layer 514, or with a second adhesive, such as the second bonding layer 516. Any adhesive-based lamination technique can be used to laminate the polymer layers 510, 512, together. In certain embodiments where the laminate 506 takes the form of a wafer, the lens coatings 518, 520 are included and the lens coatings 518, 520 can be applied to the first polymer layer 510 and the second polymer layer 512, respectively, either before or after lamination of the polymer layers 510, 512. In certain embodiments where the laminate 506 takes the form of a wafer, the second polymer layer 512 is not included and the second lens coating 520 can be applied to the first polymer layer 510 using any coating application technique.

[0272] In some embodiments, the lens body 504 and the laminate 506 can be combined to form the lens 502, using a technique such as, for example, laminate bonding, injection molding, compression molding, injection or compression molding (e.g., coining). Regardless of the method used to join the lens body 504 and the laminate 506, the laminate 506 must be configured to the size and pattern that the laminate 506 will have when incorporated into the lens 502. This can be accomplished using any suitable technique. In certain embodiments, the laminate 506 can be pre-molded before being incorporated into the lens 502 or, in some embodiments, the laminate 506 can be molded while being incorporated into the lens 502.

[0273] Laminate 506 can be pre-formed using any suitable laminate forming process. In some embodiments, a suitable process involves thermoforming. In Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 107 / 165 105 / 146 In some embodiments, a suitable process involves heating the laminate 506 to a suitable temperature. Simultaneously or subsequently to heating, positive pressure is applied to the laminate 506 using a suitable device to form the laminate 506 and match the shape of the lens body surface 504. Once the laminate 506 is properly formed, the laminate 506 is cooled to room temperature and the positive pressure is released.

[0274] The 502 lens can be of any desired shape. For example, the 502 lens can have one axis of curvature or two axes of curvature, the lens can be cylindrical, parabolic, spherical, plano or elliptical or of any other shape, such as a meniscus or catenoid. The 502 lens can also be corrective or non-corrective.

[0275] In certain embodiments, at least one of the first or second bonding layers 514 or 516 includes a blue chroma-enhancing dye and the lens body 504 includes green, yellow, and red chroma-enhancing dyes. In certain embodiments, at least one of the first or second bonding layers 514 or 516 includes blue and yellow chroma-enhancing dyes and the lens body 504 includes green and red chroma-enhancing dyes. In certain embodiments, at least one of the first or second bonding layers 514 or 516 includes blue and red chroma-enhancing dyes and the lens body 504 includes green and yellow chroma-enhancing dyes. In certain embodiments, at least one of the first or second bonding layers 514 or 516 includes violet, blue, yellow, and red chroma-enhancing dyes, and the lens body 504 includes a green chroma-enhancing dye.

[0276] In some embodiments, at least one of the first or second polymer layers 510 or 512 includes blue chroma-enhancing dye and the lens body 504 includes chroma-enhancing dyes Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 108 / 165 106 / 146 green, yellow, and red. In certain embodiments, at least one of the first or second polymer layers 510 or 512 includes blue and yellow chroma-enhancing dyes, and the lens body 504 includes green and red chroma-enhancing dyes. In certain embodiments, at least one of the first or second polymer layers 510 or 512 includes blue and red chroma-enhancing dyes, and the lens body 504 includes green and yellow chroma-enhancing dyes. In certain embodiments, at least one of the first or second polymer layers 510 or 512 includes blue, yellow, and red chroma-enhancing dyes, and the lens body 504 includes green chroma-enhancing dye.

[0277] In some embodiments, the base layer 508 includes blue chroma-enhancing dye and the lens body 504 includes green, yellow, and red chroma-enhancing dyes. In certain embodiments, the base layer 508 includes blue and yellow chroma-enhancing dyes and the lens body 504 includes green and red chroma-enhancing dyes. In certain embodiments, the base layer 508 includes blue and red chroma-enhancing dyes and the lens body 504 includes green and yellow chroma-enhancing dyes. In certain embodiments, the base layer 508 includes blue, yellow, and red chroma-enhancing dyes and the lens body 504 includes green chroma-enhancing dye.

[0278] In some embodiments, a method for joining the lens body 504 and the laminate 506 to make the lens 502 includes the use of a molding machine. Referring to Figures 54 and 55, to mold a lens body 504 with a laminate 506 to form a lens 502, the laminate 506 is placed in the mold cavity 610, with the outer surface 522 facing the inner wall of the mold half 612. In certain embodiments, the laminate 506 is pre-formed into a desired curvature by punching the Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 109 / 165 107 / 146 laminated against a heated mold before the laminate 506 is inserted into the mold cavity 610. In some embodiments, the laminate 506 can be formed into a desired curvature within the mold cavity 610.

[0279] Once the laminate 506 has been placed in the mold cavity 610, the two mold halves 612 and 614 close and molten resin material 606 is injected through the runner 602 and the gate 604 into the mold cavity 610 to form the bottom on the inner surface 524 of the laminate 506. In some embodiments, the inner surface 524 is a concave surface. The combined action of the high temperature from the molten resin and the high pressure from the injection screw manages to conform the laminate 506 to the surface of the inner wall of the mold half and bonds the laminate and the injected resin material together at an interface 608 between the laminate 506 and the resin material 606. After the molten resin mass has hardened, the desired lens is obtained with an integrated laminate, which incorporates at least partially an optical filter.

[0280] After being removed from the 600 machine, each 502 lens can be coated with a suitable coating, such as an acrylic or polysiloxane coating composition, to provide a rigid surface on the 502 lens. The coating can be carried out using techniques such as immersion, spraying, or spin-coating. As already mentioned, if the 502 lens is finished after coating application, the coating can be applied to the outer surface 522 and the back surface 526 of the 502 lens. If the 502 lens is semi-finished, the coating can be applied to the outer surface 522 of the 502 lens. Under certain circumstances, the coating on the back surface 526 may be damaged or removed during further processing of the semi-finished lens. In certain embodiments, the coating can be applied to more than one surface. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 110 / 165 108 / 146 of the semi-finished lens, including the outer surface 522 and the rear surface 526, to simplify or reduce the manufacturing cost of the semi-finished lens.

[0281] A characterization of the thermal stability of an exemplary blue chroma-enhancing dye, Exciton ABS 473, is presented in Figure 56. The dye is mixed in an exemplary HFD copolymer resin, Sabic Lexan HFD 40 melt flow index, and the resin mixture is used to prepare three injection-molded lens bodies. A different molding temperature is used for each of the three lens bodies: 390°F, 420°F, and 550°F. After the lens bodies are cured, the absorption profile of each of the lens bodies is measured using a spectrophotometer for wavelengths ranging from 400 nm to 700 nm. For a lens body molded at 390°F, the absorbance at 473 nm is 0.150; for a lens body molded at 420°F, the absorbance at 473 nm is 0.128; and for a lens body molded at 550°F, the absorbance at 473 nm is 0.086.Peak absorbance decreases by about 15% when the molding temperature increases from 390°F to 420°F, and peak absorbance decreases by about 43% when the molding temperature increases from 390°F to 550°F.

[0282] As discussed herein, the organic dyes used in certain optical filters disclosed herein may degrade or decompose when exposed to high temperatures, including, for example, temperatures that are typical of certain injection molding processes. When a dye degrades or decomposes, it changes the spectral profile of a dye. For example, as illustrated in Figure 56, the primary absorption peak of the Exciton ABS 473 dye drops when the dye is exposed to temperatures above about 390°F. In some embodiments, a lens is formed without exposing one or more chroma-enhancing dyes in a lens element to Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 111 / 165 109 / 146 temperatures that significantly degrade its functionality in an optical filter. Significant degradation includes, for example, an amount of degradation that reduces the chroma enhancement level below a certain threshold. As explained here, the chroma enhancement level can be expressed as a ratio between the chroma of a filtered visual stimulus and the chroma of a substantially unfiltered visual stimulus.

[0283] In certain embodiments, a method of forming a lens includes forming a wafer laminate or incorporating one or more chroma-enhancing dyes. The laminate or wafer is placed inside the mold during the injection molding process, as described herein, wherein one or more chroma-enhancing dyes loaded into the laminate are not subjected to temperatures high enough to significantly degrade their optical performance properties during the molding process.

[0284] In certain embodiments, the method of forming a lens involves loading one or more chroma-enhancing dyes onto a laminate. The laminate is placed in the mold during the injection molding process, as described herein, wherein one or more chroma-enhancing dyes have sufficient thermal properties to withstand the temperatures to which they are exposed during the molding process, so that their optical performance properties are not significantly degraded.

[0285] In certain embodiments, the method of forming a lens involves loading one or more chroma-enhancing dyes into a thermoplastic resin. The thermoplastic resin is injected into a mold to form a lens body, as described herein, in which one or more chroma-enhancing dyes are not subjected to temperatures high enough to significantly degrade their optical performance properties during the molding process. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 112 / 165 110 / 146

[0286] In certain embodiments, the method of forming a lens involves loading one or more chroma-enhancing dyes into a thermoplastic resin. The thermoplastic resin is injected into a mold to form a lens body, as described herein, in which one or more chroma-enhancing dyes have sufficient thermal properties to withstand the temperatures to which they are exposed during the molding process, so that their optical performance properties do not degrade significantly.

[0287] In particular, certain embodiments include the use of a copolymer resin, which requires lower temperatures, has greater ductility, and / or is less viscous than other thermoplastic resins. Examples of copolymer resins that may meet one or more of these criteria include high-flow, high-ductility (DH) resins available from SABIC Innovative Plastics of Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Examples of DH copolymer resins include Lexan Resin HFD1014, HFD1034, HFD1212, HFD1232, HFD1413, HFD1433, HFD1711, HFD1731, HFD1810, HFD1830, and HFD1910. In some embodiments, a resin having the desired ductility, viscosity, and thermal characteristics includes one or more chroma-enhancing dyes with sufficient thermal durability to withstand high temperatures. The resin impregnated with one or more chroma-enhancing dyes can then be used to form the lens body of an injection molding process as described herein. One or more chroma-enhancing dyes loaded into the resin have spectral properties similar to the dyes described herein but have greater temperature stability, so there is less degradation when exposed to temperatures high enough to degrade other organic dyes. In some embodiments with a resin having the desired ductility, viscosity, and thermal characteristics, one or more chroma-enhancing dyes are included. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 113 / 165 111 / 146 with sufficient thermal durability to withstand high temperatures, these chroma-enhancing dyes do not degrade significantly when exposed to the temperatures required to form the lens body during injection molding according to the embodiments described herein.

[0288] In some embodiments, one or more advantages may be realized in at least some circumstances when a lens function, such as, for example, chroma enhancement, is added to a lens body by a lamination process. For example, functional elements such as optical filters, mirror elements, anti-fog coatings, light polarizers, and photosensitive coatings may be incorporated into the lens 502 without using processes to coat the outer surface 522 of the lens. Coating processes sometimes incorporate measures that may substantially degrade or impair certain functional lens elements or layers. Certain coating processes create surfaces that are not perfectly smooth or uniform.Thus, the undesirable and unpredictable optical effects that would be expected to occur in lens 502 if the outer surface 522 were coated are reduced, minimized, or completely eliminated when lens 502 is manufactured according to certain techniques described herein.

[0289] In some embodiments, the 502 lens may be completed, as opposed to semi-finished products, with the 504 lens body being contoured to modify the focal power of the 502 lens. In some embodiments, the 502 lens may be semi-finished so that the 502 lens body is capable of being machined, at some point after manufacture, to modify the focal power of the 502 lens.

[0290] In some embodiments, laminate 506 can be attached to any surface of a new or existing lens (not shown), using any suitable technique, such as bonding. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 114 / 165 112 / 146 adhesive or laminate bonding. In this way, functional properties such as optical filters, mirror elements, anti-fog layers, light polarizers, and photosensitive layers can be incorporated into existing lenses that, as originally manufactured, lack these properties. For example, desirable properties such as chroma enhancement can be imparted to existing lenses instead of discarding existing lenses and manufacturing new lenses that include the desired properties. In some embodiments, a suitable solvent can be applied to remove the 506 laminate from the existing lens so that a laminate with different chroma enhancement characteristics can be applied to the existing lens. In certain embodiments, the 506 laminate can be removed by applying heat or separating force.At least some of these embodiments facilitate changing the chroma enhancement properties of existing lenses when a new chroma enhancement filter is desired.

[0291] Some embodiments provide chroma-enhancing eyeglasses and methods for manufacturing chroma-enhancing eyeglasses using a chroma injection molding process. In some embodiments, the chroma-enhancing eyeglasses include one or more chroma-enhancing dyes, as disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, a lens is injection molded using a process that allows some or all of the chroma-enhancing dyes incorporated into a lens to withstand the molding process without substantially degrading or decomposing. This process may include the use of a molding material that has relatively low viscosity and high ductility. When such molding materials are used, the molding temperature of the injection molding process can be substantially reduced compared with typical thermoplastic resins used in the manufacture of eyeglass lenses. In some embodiments, the material of Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 115 / 165 113 / 146 molding can produce a lens that has high impact resistance. Examples of suitable molding materials include certain high-flow, high-ductility (DH) resins. In certain embodiments, the resin injection temperature is less than or equal to a temperature at which the chromophores of one or more chroma-enhancing dyes begin to degrade or decompose.

[0292] In some embodiments, the thermoplastic resin is prepared prior to molding using a process that includes mixing one or more chroma-enhancing dyes into the resin. The chroma-enhancing dye loads in the resin can be selected to produce a desired chroma-enhancing filter in the finished lens. The loads may depend, for example, on the dye strength, concentration, and solubility; the thickness of the lens body; the thickness and geometry of the finished lens; the desired filter properties; aesthetic considerations; another factor; or a combination of factors. In certain embodiments, the temperature of the lens body is maintained below a threshold level while the lens body undergoes molding, curing, and cooling processes. The threshold level may be less than or equal to a temperature at which the dyes loaded into the thermosetting resin begin to degrade or decompose.For example, the limit could be less than or equal to approximately 420°F, less than or equal to approximately 400°F, less than or equal to approximately 390°F, less than or equal to approximately 350°F, or less than or equal to another suitable limit.

[0293] Some embodiments provide a method of injection molding of a lens that includes molding the lens in two or more injection steps. For example, in certain embodiments, a first part of the lens incorporating one or more chroma-enhancing dyes is molded by injecting a first thermoplastic resin mixed with one or more chroma-enhancing dyes. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 116 / 165 114 / 146 chroma in a first mold having a first mold chamber volume. The thickness of the first lens part can be selected to achieve a desired optical filtering effect. A suitable thickness might be, for example, less than or equal to about 1 mm. The first lens part can be removed from the first mold and placed in a second mold with a larger mold chamber volume than the first mold. A second lens part can be molded by injection molding a second thermoplastic resin around the first lens part. The first lens part, by itself, may not be hard enough or strong enough to have adequate properties for an eyeglass lens. The second thermoplastic resin can be configured to produce a strong and durable mechanically molded injection lens.

[0294] In certain embodiments, a first lens part incorporating one or more chroma-enhancing dyes is injection molded from a first thermoplastic resin mixed with one or more chroma-enhancing dyes within a mold having a first mold chamber volume. The thickness of the first lens part can be selected to achieve a desired optical filtering effect. A suitable thickness might be, for example, less than or equal to about 1 mm. The mold can then be expanded by moving one or more mold parts until it reaches a second mold chamber volume substantially larger than the first mold chamber volume. A second lens part can be injection molded from a second thermoplastic resin around the first lens part. The first lens part, by itself, may not be hard enough or strong enough to have suitable properties for a spectacle lens.The second thermoplastic resin can be configured to produce a strong and durable mechanically molded injection lens. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 117 / 165 115 / 146

[0295] In some embodiments, a lens is manufactured with one or more chroma-enhancing dyes that are able to withstand high molding temperatures without substantial degradation or decomposition. In these embodiments, the lens may be produced from a thermoplastic resin that is configured to produce a high-strength, durable injection-molded lens.

[0296] Some embodiments provide a lens manufactured using one or more of the techniques described herein and incorporating one or more functional lens elements. For example, a lens may include an injection-molded lens body and a polarizer. The polarizer may be combined with the injection-molded lens body by positioning the polarizer, such as, for example, a polarizing wafer as described herein, in a mold and injecting thermoplastic resin into the mold. The polarizing wafer may include one or more insulating polymer layers configured to isolate a functional base layer from high molding temperatures.Other functional lens elements, such as, for example, at least part of a chroma-enhancing optical filter, a photochromic material, an interference stack, an anti-static material, a hydrophobic material, an anti-fog layer, a coating, an anti-scratch layer, another functional element, or a combination of these elements, may be incorporated in a similar manner into a lens with an injection-molded part.

[0297] Some embodiments provide chroma-enhancing eyeglasses and methods for manufacturing chroma-enhancing eyeglasses using a dyeing process. The dyeing process can be used to incorporate one or more functional or aesthetic features into the lens. In some embodiments, the chroma-enhancing eyeglasses include one or more chroma-enhancing dyes, as disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, a lens body is manufactured. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 118 / 165 116 / 146 using an injection molding process, an extrusion process, a compression molding process, a casting process, another suitable process or a combination of processes. The lens may include one or more lens bodies and may include one or more additional lens elements, such as, for example, one or more laminates. One or more lens bodies and one or more laminates may undergo pre-treatment before being bonded together. Pre-treatment of a lens element may include coating, annealing, stretching, shaping, cutting, grinding, polishing, pickling, curing, irradiation, doping, another process or a combination of processes.

[0298] Before or after one or more pre-treatment processes, one or more lens elements or combinations of lens elements may be tinted. Any suitable tinting process may be used. In some embodiments, one or more dyes are dissolved in a solvent to produce a tinting solution. One or more dyes may include one or more chroma-enhancing dyes.

[0298] Before or after one or more pre-treatment processes, one or more lens elements or combinations of lens elements may be dyed. Any suitable dyeing process may be used. In some embodiments, one or more dyes are dissolved in a solvent to produce a dyeing solution. One or more dyes may include one or more chroma-enhancing dyes. One or more dyes are applied to the lens element or combination of lens elements. For example, dyes may be applied to the element by immersing the element in a dyeing solution, spraying a dyeing solution onto the element, or placing the element in a dyeing chamber and directing one or more dyes into the chamber. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 119 / 165 117 / 146

[0299] In embodiments where the lens element or combination of lens elements is dyed with a dyeing chamber, a process fluid may be used to carry one or more dyes into the chamber. One or more dyes may be dissolved in the process fluid. In certain embodiments, the process fluid is a supercritical fluid, such as, for example, supercritical CO2. The process fluid with the dissolved dye is carried to the dyeing chamber, where it enters the workpiece by diffusion. In some embodiments, a lens includes a chroma enhancement filter, at least part of which is incorporated into the lens using supercritical CO2 dyeing. Other suitable process fluids may also be used. In some embodiments, the supercritical CO2 fluid is used to deposit one or more non-polar chroma enhancement dyes onto one or more lens elements or combinations of lens elements.

[0300] Some embodiments provide chroma-enhancing eyeglasses and methods for manufacturing chroma-enhancing eyeglasses using a casting process. In some embodiments, the chroma-enhancing eyeglasses include one or more chroma-enhancing dyes, as disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, a lens is molded using a process that allows some or all of the chroma-enhancing dyes incorporated into a lens to withstand the casting process without substantially degrading or decomposing. One or more lens bodies of a lens may be converted using a thermoset resin, which is configured to produce lens bodies with high strength and durability. In certain embodiments, the casting and curing temperatures of the thermoset resin are less than or equal to a temperature at which the chromophores of one or more chroma-enhancing dyes begin to degrade or decompose. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 120 / 165 118 / 146

[0301] In some embodiments, the thermosetting resin is prepared prior to casting using a process that includes mixing one or more chroma-enhancing dyes into the resin. The chroma-enhancing dye loads in the resin can be selected to produce a desired chroma-enhancing filter in the finished lens. The loads may depend, for example, on the dye strength, concentration, and solubility; the thickness of the lens body; the thickness and geometry of the finished lens; the desired filter properties; aesthetic considerations; another factor; or a combination of factors. In certain embodiments, the temperature of the lens body is maintained below a threshold level while the lens body undergoes the casting, curing, and cooling processes. The threshold level may be less than or equal to a temperature at which the dyes loaded into the thermosetting resin begin to degrade or decompose.For example, the limit could be less than or equal to approximately 420°F, less than or equal to approximately 400°F, less than or equal to approximately 390°F, less than or equal to approximately 350°F, or less than or equal to another suitable limit.

[0302] Some embodiments provide a lens manufactured using one or more of the techniques described herein and incorporating one or more functional lens elements. For example, a lens may include a cast lens body and a polarizer. The polarizer may be combined with the cast lens body by positioning a polarizer, such as, for example, a PVA polarizing film, within a mold and flowing thermosetting resin into the mold. In some embodiments, the polarizer does not include polymeric insulating layers configured to isolate the polarizer from high molding temperatures when the lens body is made using a casting process. Other functional lens elements, such as, for example, at least part of a chroma-enhancing optical filter, a photochromic material, an interference stack, an anti-static material, a hydrophobic material, an anti- Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 121 / 165 119 / 146 anti-fog, a coating, an anti-scratch layer, another functional element or a combination of elements may be incorporated into a lens with a portion of the lens made by casting.

[0303] Embodiments disclosed herein include eyeglasses having one or more laminates applied to an outer surface of a lens body. In some embodiments, the lens body is constructed from a substantially rigid material with a curved shape. The lens body may have any desired curvature, including, for example, cylindrical, spherical, or toroidal. A laminate may include a substantially flexible substrate and one or more functional layers or coatings applied to the substrate. In addition, one or more functional layers or coatings may be applied directly to the lens body. In certain embodiments, an adhesive layer bonds a laminate to a convex and / or concave surface of the lens body.Examples of functional layers or coatings that can be applied to a laminate include anti-reflective coatings, interference stacks, hard coatings, flash mirrors, anti-static coatings, anti-fog coatings, other functional layers, or a combination of functional layers. At least part of a chroma enhancement filter may be incorporated into a laminate and / or other functional layers of eyeglasses.

[0304] With reference to Figures 57, 57A, 58 and 58A, perspective views are illustrated of some embodiments of spectacles 700 having first and second lenses 702a and 702b, frame 704 and ear stems 706A and 706b. The embodiments shown in these figures illustrate one or more laminates fixed to one or more lens bodies incorporated in an exemplary spectacle design. It should be noted that the thicknesses and relative thicknesses of the different lens elements are not drawn to scale, but are drawn for Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 122 / 165 120 / 146 more easily illustrate certain aspects of 700 glasses. 700 glasses can be of any type, including general-purpose glasses, special-purpose glasses, sunglasses, driving glasses, sports glasses, eyeglasses, indoor glasses, outdoor glasses, vision correction glasses, contrast-enhancing glasses, chroma-enhancing glasses, color-enhancing glasses, color-altering glasses, glasses designed for another purpose, or glasses designed for a combination of purposes. Lenses and frames of many other shapes and configurations can be used, as will become evident from this disclosure.

[0305] Figures 57, 57A, 58 and 58A illustrate 700 eyeglasses with 702A, 702B lenses. The 702A and 702B lenses can be corrective or non-corrective lenses and can be made from any of a variety of materials, including optical glass or plastics such as acrylic or polycarbonate. The lenses can have various shapes. For example, the 702A, 702B lenses can be plano, have one axis of curvature, two axes of curvature or more than two axes of curvature, the 702A, 702B lenses can be cylindrical, parabolic, spherical, plano or elliptical or of any other shape, such as a meniscus or a catenoid. When used, the 702a and 702b lenses can extend across the entire normal line of sight in front of the user's eyes and can extend substantially into the peripheral zones of the wearer's vision.As used herein, the user's normal line of sight refers to a line projecting in front of the user's eye, substantially without any angular deviation in either the vertical or horizontal planes. In some embodiments, the 702A, 702b lenses extend through a portion of the user's normal straight line in front of the line of sight.

[0306] The outer surface of lenses 702A or 702B may conform to a shape that has a smooth, continuous surface. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 123 / 165 121 / 146 having a constant horizontal radius (sphere or cylinder) or progressive curve (ellipse, toroidal or ovoid) or other spherical shape in both the horizontal and vertical planes. The geometric shape of other embodiments may be generically cylindrical, possessing curvature on the axis and no curvature on a second axis. 702a, 702b lenses may have curvature in one or more dimensions. For example, 702a, 702b lenses may be curved along a horizontal axis. As another example, 702a, 702b lenses may be characterized in a horizontal plane by a generally arched shape, extending from a median edge along at least part of the wearer's field of vision to a side edge. In some embodiments, 702a, 702b lenses are substantially linear (not curved) along a vertical axis.In some embodiments, the 702a, 702b lenses have a first radius of curvature from one region, a second radius of curvature from a second region, and transition points arranged on either side of the first and second regions. The transition points may be a point of coincidence along the 702a, 702b lenses, where the radius of curvature of the 702a, 702b lenses transitions from the first to the second radius of curvature and vice versa. In some embodiments, the 702a, 702b lenses may have a third radius of curvature in a parallel direction, a perpendicular direction, or some other direction. In some embodiments, the 702a, 702b lenses may be in a common circle. The left and right lenses in high-wrap spectacles may be tilted so that the medial edge of each lens falls outside the common circle and the lateral edges fall inside the common circle.Providing curvature to 702a and 702b lenses can result in several advantageous optical qualities for the user, including reducing the prismatic deviation of light rays passing through the 702a and 702b lenses and providing optical correction.

[0307] A variety of lens configurations are possible in both Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 124 / 165 122 / 146 horizontal as well as vertical planes. Thus, for example, the outer or inner surface, or both, of the 702a or 702b lens of some embodiments may generally conform to a spherical shape or a right circular cylinder. Alternatively, either the outer or inner surface, or both, may conform to a frustum-cone shape, a toroid, an elliptical cylinder, an ellipsoid, an ellipsoid of revolution, another sphere, or any of a number of other three-dimensional shapes. Regardless of the particular vertical or horizontal curvature of one surface, however, the other surface may be chosen so as to minimize one or more of the lens's energy, prism, and astigmatism in the mounted orientation and as used.

[0308] Lenses 702a, 702b may be linear (not curved) along a vertical plane (e.g., cylindrical or truncated cone lens geometry). In some embodiments, lenses 702a, 702b may be aligned substantially parallel to the vertical axis such that the line of sight is substantially normal to the anterior and posterior surfaces of lenses 702a, 702b. In some embodiments, lenses 702a, 702b are angled downwards such that a line normal to the lens is displaced from the straight-ahead normal line of sight by an angle φ. The angle φ of deviation may be greater than about 0° and / or less than about 30° or greater than about 70° and / or less than about 20° or about 15°, although other angles φ outside these ranges may also be used. Multiple cylindrical lenses can be used.The front and / or back surfaces of lenses 702a, 702b may conform to the surface of a right circular cylinder such that the radius of curvature along the horizontal axis is substantially uniform. An elliptical cylinder may be used to provide lenses having non-uniform curvature in the horizontal direction. For example, a lens may be more curved near its lateral edge than... Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 125 / 165 123 / 146 its medial border. In some embodiments, an oblique (non-straight) cylinder may be used, for example, to provide a lens that is angled in the vertical direction.

[0309] In some embodiments, the 700 glasses incorporate beveled lenses 702a, 702b mounted in a laterally rotated position relative to conventional centrally oriented double lens mounts. A beveled lens can be conceived as having an orientation, relative to the user's head, that would be achieved by starting with conventional double lens glasses having centrally oriented lenses and folding the frame inward at the temples to wrap around the side of the head. When the 700 glasses are worn, a lateral edge of the lens wraps significantly around and comes in close proximity to the user's temple to provide significant lateral coverage of the eye.

[0310] A degree of wrap-around may be desirable for aesthetic style reasons, for lateral protection of the eyes against debris, or for interception of peripheral light. Wrap-around may be achieved by using lenses with tight horizontal curvature (high base), such as, for example, cylindrical or spherical lenses, and / or by mounting each lens in a position that is chamfered laterally and backward relative to the centrally oriented double lenses. Similarly, a high degree of rake or vertical tilt may be desirable for aesthetic reasons and to intercept light, wind, dust, or other debris from below the wearer's eyes. In general, "rake" will be understood as describing the condition of a lens, in the orientation as used, for which the normal line of sight strikes a vertical tangent to the 702a or 702b lens at a non-perpendicular angle.

[0311] Lenses 702a, 702b may be provided with anterior and posterior surfaces and a thickness between them which may vary by Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 126 / 165 124 / 146 along the horizontal, vertical, or combination of directions. In some embodiments, 702a, 702b lenses may have a thickness that varies along the horizontal or vertical axis or along any other direction. In some embodiments, the thickness of 702a, 702b lenses may taper smoothly, though not necessarily linearly, from a maximum thickness near a medial edge to a relatively smaller thickness at a lateral edge. 702a, 702b lenses may have a thickness that tapers along the horizontal axis and may be decentered for optical correction. In some embodiments, 702a, 702b lenses may have a thickness configured to provide optical correction. For example, the thickness of lenses 702a, 702b can taper from a thicker point at a central point of lenses 702a, 702b that approaches lateral segments of lenses 702a, 702b.In some embodiments, the average thickness of the 702a, 702b lenses in the side segments may be less than the average thickness of the 702a, 702b lenses in the central zone. In some embodiments, the thickness of the 702a, 702b lenses, at least at one point in the central zone, may be greater than the thickness of the 702a, 702b lenses at any point within at least one of the side segments.

[0312] In some embodiments, lenses 702a, 702b may be finished, as opposed to semi-finished, with lenses 702a, 702b being contoured to modify the focal power. In some embodiments, lenses 702a, 702b may be semi-finished, so that lenses 702a, 702b may be liable to be machined, some time after manufacture, to modify their focal power. In some embodiments, lenses 702a, 702b may have optical power and may be prescription lenses configured to correct near or far vision. Lenses 702a, 702b may have cylindrical features to correct astigmatism. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 127 / 165 125 / 146

[0313] The 700 spectacles may include a mounting frame 704 configured to support lenses 702a, 702b. The mounting frame 704 may include orbitals that partially or completely encircle lenses 702a, 702b. Referring to Figures 57, 57A, 58, and 58A, it should be noted that the particular mounting frame 704 is not essential to the embodiments disclosed herein. The frame 704 may be of different configurations and designs, and the illustrated embodiments shown in Figures 57, 57A, 58, 58A are provided only as examples. As illustrated, the frame 704 may include an upper frame portion and a pair of ear stems 706a, 706b, which are articulately connected to opposite ends of the upper frame portion. In addition, lenses 702a and 702b can be mounted in frame 704, with the upper edge of the 702a or 702b lens extending along or into a groove in the lens and being secured to frame 704.For example, the upper edge of lens 702a or 702b may be formed in a pattern, such as an irregular or non-linear edge and openings or other shapes around which frame 704 may be injection molded or clamped so as to secure lens 702a or 702b to frame 704. Furthermore, lenses 702a, 702b may be removablely attached to frame 704 by means of a groove, with interlocking projections or other fastening structure formed in lenses 702a, 702b and / or frame 704.

[0314] It is also taken into consideration that lenses 702a, 702b can be fixed along a lower edge of the frame 704. Several other configurations can also be used. These configurations may include the direct attachment of ear stems 706a, 706b to lenses 702a, 702b, without any frame, or other configurations that may reduce the overall weight, size, or profile of the eyeglasses. Furthermore, various materials can be used in the manufacture of frame 704, such as metals, composite materials, or relatively rigid molded thermoplastic materials, which are well known. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 128 / 165 126 / 146 in the technique and which can be transparent or available in a variety of colors. In fact, the 704 mounting frame can be manufactured according to various configurations and designs as desired. In some embodiments, the 704 frame is configured to retain a single lens, which is placed in front of both eyes when the glasses are being worn. Glasses may also be provided that include a single lens, which is placed in front of both eyes when the glasses are worn.

[0315] The 700 glasses may include a pair of ear stems 706a, 706b articulatedly connected to the frame 704. In some embodiments, the ear stems 706a, 706b connect directly to the lenses 702a, 702b. The ear stems 706a, 706b may be configured to support the 700 glasses when worn by the user. For example, the ear stems 706a, 706b may be configured to rest on the user's ears. In some embodiments, the 700 glasses include a flexible band used to hold the 700 glasses in front of the user's eyes in place of the ear stems 706a, 706b.

[0316] Lenses 702a, 702b include a lens body 708 and a laminate 710. The laminate 710 may be substantially permanently fixed to the lens body 708 or the laminate 710 may be configured to be separable from the lens body 708. In some embodiments, the laminate 710 is configured to be removable so that the user, manufacturer or distributor may apply, remove or alter the laminate 710 after the manufacture of the 700 eyeglasses. In this way, a variety of functional elements may be introduced into the 700 eyeglasses increasing the possible utility of the 700 eyeglasses because a pair of eyeglasses or eyeglass lenses may be altered to provide the appropriate functionality for different occasions.

[0317] Each of the 710 laminate and 708 lens body may include Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 129 / 165 127 / 146 one or more layers that provide functional aspects to the lens. For example, the 708 lens body and the 710 laminate may include a polarizing layer, one or more adhesive layers, a photochromic layer, electrochromic material, a hard coating, a flash mirror, a liquid-containing layer, an anti-reflective coating, a mirror coating, an interference stack, chroma-enhancing dyes, a matching index layer, a scratch-resistant coating, a hydrophobic coating, an antistatic coating, chroma-enhancing dyes, color-enhancing elements, trichroic filters, glass layers, hybrid glass-plastic layers, anti-reflective coatings, other lens elements, or a combination of lens components. If the 702 lens includes a photochromic layer, the photochromic material may include a neutral density photochromic or any other suitable photochromic.At least some of the lens components and / or materials may be selected so that they have a substantially neutral visible light spectrum profile. In some embodiments, the visible light spectral profiles may cooperate to achieve any desired chromaticity of the lens, a chroma enhancement effect, color enhancement, another objective, or any combination of objectives. The polarizing layer, the photochromic layer, the anti-reflective layer, the hydrophobic coating, the hard coating, and / or other functional layers may be incorporated into the 708 lens body, the 710 laminate, or both. In some embodiments, the 702a, 702b lenses include one or more lens coatings over the 708 lens body, the 710 laminate, or both.

[0318] In some embodiments, one or more advantages can be realized in at least some circumstances when a lens function, such as, for example, an anti-reflective coating, is added to a lens body by a lamination process. For example, functional elements such as optical filters, Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 130 / 165 128 / 146 mirror elements, anti-fog layers, interference stacks, light polarizers, and photosensitive layers can be incorporated into the 702a or 702b lens without the use of processes to coat the lens surface. As described herein, coating or deposition processes sometimes incorporate steps that can substantially degrade or reduce certain lens elements or functional layers. Certain coating processes create surfaces that are not perfectly smooth or uniform. Thus, undesirable and unpredictable optical effects that would otherwise be expected to occur in the 702a or 702b lens if the surfaces were coated are reduced, minimized, or completely eliminated when the 702a, 702b lenses are manufactured according to the techniques described herein.

[0319] In some embodiments, a 702a or 702b lens includes an injection-molded 708 polymeric lens body, which has a concave surface and a convex surface. The 708 lens body may be formed of polycarbonate (or PC), allyl diglycol carbonate monomer (being sold under the brand name CR-39®), glass, nylon, polyurethane, polyethylene, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate (or PET), biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BoPET) polyester film, or, with that polyester film sold under the brand name MYLAR®), acrylics (polymethyl methacrylate or PMMA), a polymeric material, a copolymer, a doped material, any other suitable material, or any combination of materials. The 708 lens body may be rigid, and other lens layers may conform to the shape of the 708 lens body, such that the 708 lens body determines the shape of the 702a or 702b lens.The 708 lens body can be symmetrical about a vertical axis of symmetry, symmetrical about a horizontal axis of symmetry, about another axis of symmetry, or asymmetrical. In some embodiments, the front and rear surfaces of the 708 lens body may conform to the surfaces of their respective lenses. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 131 / 165 129 / 146 cylinders that have a common central point and different radii. In some embodiments, the lens body may have front and rear surfaces that conform to the surfaces of the respective cylinders that have central points offset from each other, so that the thickness of the lens body 708 tapers from a thicker central part to thinner end parts. The surfaces of the lens body 708 may conform to other shapes, as discussed herein, such as a sphere, torus, ellipsoid, sphere, plane, truncated cone, and the like. In some embodiments, a thermoforming process may be used to conform the laminate 710 to the lens body 708 having a shape described herein.

[0320] The 708 lens body can be contoured during initial forming to have an optical magnification feature that modifies the focal power of the 702a or 702b lens. In some embodiments, the 708 lens body can be machined after initial forming to modify the focal power of the 702a or 702b lens. The 708 lens body can provide a substantial amount of the optical power and magnification features for the 702a or 702b lens. In some embodiments, the 708 lens body provides most of the optical power and magnification features. The allocation of most of the optical power and magnification to the lens body 708 may allow the selection of materials for the lens body 708 and lens body forming techniques 708 that provide improved optical power and magnification characteristics to lenses 702a, 702b, without adversely affecting the selection of materials and forming techniques for laminate 710.

[0321] The 708 lens body may be injection molded, although other processes may be used to form the shape of the raw lens body, such as thermoforming or machining. In some embodiments, the 708 lens body is injection molded and includes a Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 132 / 165 130 / 146 relatively rigid and optically acceptable material, such as polycarbonate. The curvature of the lens body 708 could thus be incorporated into a molded blank lens. A blank lens may include the desired curvature and taper in its as-molded condition. One or two or more lens bodies of the desired shape may then be cut from the optically suitable portion of the blank lens, as understood in the art. In some embodiments, the frame 704 is equipped with a groove or other fixing structure that cooperates with the molded and cut shape of the lens body 708 and laminate 710 to minimize deviation and further improve the retention of its shape as-molded. In some embodiments, the lens body 708 may be stamped or cut from flat sheet material and then bent into the curved configuration using a process such as thermoforming.This curved configuration can then be maintained by using a relatively rigid frame, such as a 704 curve, or by heating the curved sheet to maintain its curved shape.

[0322] Laminate 710 can be bonded to lens body 708, for example, by means of a thermally cured adhesive layer, a UV-cured adhesive layer, electrostatic bonding, pressure-sensitive adhesives, or any combination thereof. Examples of bonding technologies that may be suitable for attaching laminate 710 to lens body 708 include thermal welding, fusion, pressure-sensitive adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, electrostatic attraction, thermoforming, other types of adhesives, ultraviolet light-curable materials, thermally curable materials, radiation-curable materials, other bonding methods, other bonding materials, and combinations of methods and / or materials. In some embodiments, any technique suitable for attaching laminate 710 to lens body 708 may be used. Some embodiments of a 702a or 702b lens include a lens body. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 133 / 165 131 / 146 708 and a 710 laminate that are connected together. In some embodiments, the 710 laminate and the 708 lens body may be integrally bonded to each other and glued together.

[0323] Laminate 710 may include a single layer or multiple layers. Laminate 710 may have one or more layers, in the form of a single or multiple layer, which may be coated with a hard coating or a primer. For example, laminate 710 may be a single layer of polycarbonate, PET, polyethylene, acrylic, nylon, polyurethane, polyamide, BoPET, another film material, or a combination of materials. As another example, the laminate may include multiple layers of film, where each film layer includes polycarbonate, PET, polyethylene, acrylic, nylon, polyurethane, polyamide, BoPET, another film material, or a combination of materials.

[0324] Laminate 710 may include several layers, which serve various functions within lenses 702a, 702b. In some embodiments, one or more layers of laminate 710 may provide optical properties for lenses 702a, 702b, such as optical filtering, polarization, photochromism, electrochromism, partial reflection of incoming visible light, chroma enhancement, color enhancement, color change, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, one or more layers within laminate 710 may provide mechanical protection for lenses 702a, 702b or other layers within laminate 710, reduce stresses within laminate 710, or improve the bond or adhesion between layers of laminate 710 and / or between laminate 710 and lens body 708.In some embodiments, laminate 710 may include layers that provide additional functionality for lenses 702a, 702b, such as anti-reflective functionality, anti-static functionality, anti-fog functionality, scratch resistance, mechanical durability, etc. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 134 / 165 132 / 146 hydrophobic functionality, reflective functionality, blackout functionality, aesthetic functionality including tinting or any combination thereof.

[0325] As an example, laminate 710 may include one or more layers, which may serve to thermally insulate the laminate 710 so that it can be used in high-temperature molding processes without subjecting certain functional layers to temperatures sufficient to significantly degrade their optical performance. In some embodiments, laminate 710 may serve as a thermal insulation element or vehicle that may incorporate functional elements that may be degraded when subjected to high-temperature manufacturing processes. As such, laminate 710 may be used to incorporate these types of functional elements into lenses that are otherwise formed and / or manufactured through high-temperature processes. As an example, laminate 710 may include a substrate with one or more functional coatings deposited on it.Functional coatings may include elements that would degrade or whose performance would be altered if subjected to high temperatures, such as certain chroma-enhancing dyes. Laminate 710 can then be bonded to the lens body 708 using a UV-cured adhesive, thus thermally isolating laminate 710 and the functional layers comprised from the high-temperature processes associated with the manufacture of the lens body 708.

[0326] As an example of incorporating functionality into a 702 lens, the 710 laminate or the 708 lens body may include layers or elements that serve to tint the 702 lens. Tinting can be added to a lens element in different ways. In some embodiments, the color can be deposited onto the lens element with a vapor or liquid source. The color can coat the lens element or it can penetrate the element. In some embodiments, Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 135 / 165 133 / 146 Color can be added to a material used to make the lens element, such as by adding color pellets or powdered plastic to the material that is extruded, injection molded, or otherwise shaped into a lens element. In some embodiments where liquids are used, color can be added by an immersion process. In such embodiments, a gradient tint or bi-gradient tint can be achieved through the immersion process. In certain embodiments, a liquid coloring technique can be used to tint one or more lens elements. For example, liquid dye can be added to the polymer during an injection molding process.

[0327] By applying a dye to laminate 710 or another layer that becomes part of laminate 710, a substantial increase in production capacity can be achieved due to the manufacturing nature of a laminate. Another advantageous feature is that unwanted color transfer, for example, to packaging lens fabrics, can be reduced or eliminated by not placing the colored layer on an outer surface of the lens, for example, by placing the dyed layer between the protective layers. Furthermore, coloring can be applied to layers that do not undergo high-temperature processes during manufacturing, thus protecting chromophores that may have poor thermal stability. In some embodiments, the tint is included in a layer, such as a functional layer or the substrate layer.For example, a solution incorporating chromophores possessing the desired chromatic characteristics can be applied to a functional, porous hard coating layer. As a result, the hard coating layer can be impregnated with the chromophores. As another example, powdered dyes can be included with plastic pellets during plastic manufacturing. Compatible dyes can form a substantially uniform mixture. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 136 / 165 134 / 146 with plastic, to form a colored plastic material. In some embodiments, a colored layer can be constructed in such a way that the chromophores can be the main component of the layer or a smaller fraction of the color layer, according to the desired chromatic properties of the layer. The thickness of the layer can be adjusted to achieve a desired color profile of the lens.

[0328] Some embodiments provide 700 glasses having electrochromic functionality incorporated in the 710 laminate. The 700 glasses may include a power source, such as a battery, an electrical contact, and a conductor that transmits a voltage to an electrode in the electrochromic laminate. The 700 glasses may include a user interface element integrated into the frame 704, the ear stems 706, the lens 702, or any combination thereof. The user interface element may be configured to allow the user to control the activation and deactivation of the electrochromic layer. The user interface element may be a switch, toggle button, cursor, touch interface element, button, other mechanical feature, or other electrical feature. For example, the user interface element may include a touch-sensitive region where, if the user contacts said region, the electrochromic element changes state from dark to transparent.In some embodiments, a lens includes both photochromic and electrochromic layers, integrated into a single functional layer or implemented in separate functional layers.

[0329] One advantage of incorporating the functional elements into the laminate 710 and / or the lens body 708 is that it provides the ability to manufacture each of the lens's functional elements separately. Thus, the elements can be made in parallel and assembled to give a lens 702 functional qualities. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 137 / 165 135 / 146 desired, thus increasing manufacturing capacity and / or lowering costs. Furthermore, various functional properties can be imparted to a lens using the techniques and lens elements described herein, providing flexibility and greater capacity for creating 702 lenses with variable characteristics.

[0330] The 700 glasses may incorporate one or more lens bodies and one or more laminates in various configurations. Each lens body and each laminate may be configured to provide a variety of functions. Thus, a manufacturer, distributor, user, or similar party may select functional layers in the lens bodies and laminates and / or the configuration of the lens bodies and laminates to provide the desired functionality. Examples of laminate and lens body configurations are illustrated in Figures 57, 57A, 58, and 58A. Other variations and permutations of laminates and lens bodies are also considered by the present disclosure.

[0331] Figures 57 and 57 illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a 700 spectacles having a 710 laminate attached to the convex side of a 708 lens body. On the convex side of the 708 lens body, the laminate can be configured to provide functionality suitable for that position. For example, it may be desirable for the 700 spectacles to have a chroma enhancement filter on the outer side of the 702a, 702b lenses. This can be achieved by attaching a 710 laminate that has at least a partially incorporated chroma enhancement filter. When the 710 laminate is removable, positioning the laminate on the convex side of the 702a, 702b lenses can allow for easy application and removal of the 710 laminate.

[0332] The laminate 710 positioned on the convex surface of the lens body 708 can provide the eyeglasses 700 with desirable attributes. By Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 138 / 165 136 / 146 For example, laminate 710 may include a polarizing layer, an anti-reflective coating, a photosensitive layer, a flash mirror, a hard coating, chroma-enhancing dyes, color-enhancing elements, an electrochromic layer, contrast-enhancing elements, a trichroic filter, a glass layer, a plastic-glass hybrid layer, a liquid-containing layer, a refractive index matching layer, or any combination thereof. By incorporating these and other functionalities into laminate 710, lens body 708 may have a coating applied or a functional layer deposited using vapor deposition, without substantially altering the desired functional properties of laminate 710. For example, lens body 708 may be coated by immersion or with a hydrophobic layer.Laminated 710 may have an anti-reflective coating applied, and laminated 710 may be bonded to lens body 708 after the application of the hydrophobic layer, so that the resulting lens includes both hydrophobic and anti-reflective functionality without substantially altering the functionality of either coating. In another example, laminated 710 may include a flash mirror and one or more hard coatings on both sides of laminated 710. Lens body 708 may include an anti-fog coating on the concave side of lens body 708 and one or more hard coating layers on both sides of lens body 708. The flash mirror may be incorporated into laminated 710 using vapor deposition techniques. The anti-fog coating may be incorporated into lens body 708 using immersion process techniques.The 710 laminate can then be connected to the 708 lens body by means of an adhesion layer so that the flash mirror side of the 710 laminate forms the outer side of the finished glass and the anti-fog coating of the 708 lens body forms the inner side of the finished lens. In some embodiments, the 702 lens may include a heated lens element that can provide anti-fog functionality. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 139 / 165 137 / 146 For example, an electrically conductive transparent film of indium tin oxide-based material, zinc oxide-based material, or other suitable conductive material of substantial transparency may be included in a lens element, and a voltage may be applied across it such that heat is generated. As another example, the lens element may include non-transparent filaments that heat up when a voltage is applied between them, providing an anti-fog functionality.

[0333] Figures 58 and 58A illustrate an exemplary embodiment of 700 eyeglasses having laminates 710a, 710b, 710c bonded to lens bodies 708a, 708b. The laminate 710b, sandwiched between the lens bodies 708a and 708b, can be used to incorporate functionality into unfinished lenses 702a, 702b. For example, the laminate 710b can include functional aspects that are desirable to include in a finished lens, such as polarization, photochromism, electrochromism, color enhancement, contrast enhancement, tinting, or chroma enhancement. The lens bodies 708a, 708b can be bonded to either side of the laminate 710b to form an unfinished lens. The lens can then be shaped, machined, coated, polished and / or processed without substantially altering the functional aspects of the 710b laminate. The 710a and 710c laminates can be bonded together after processing the 708a and 708b lens bodies to create a lens with the desired qualities.

[0334] Chroma enhancement glasses may include one or more lenses having any desired number of laminates, coatings and other lens elements. One or more of the lens elements may incorporate functional layers that give the glasses the desired functionality, including, for example, an interference stack, a flash mirror, photosensitive layer(s), electrochromic layer(s), anti-reflective coating, anti-static coating, liquid-containing layer, Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 140 / 165 138 / 146 polarizing elements, chroma-enhancing dyes, color-enhancing elements, contrast-enhancing elements, trichroic filters, or any combination thereof. Functional layers may include sublayers, which, individually or in combination, may incorporate one or more functions in the complete lens.

[0335] In some embodiments, a functional layer is configured to provide variable light attenuation. For example, a functional layer may include photosensitive compositions that darken in bright light and disappear in low-light environments. Such compositions may include, for example, but not limited to, silver, copper, and cadmium halides. Photosensitive compounds for lenses are disclosed in U.S. Patents 6,312,811, 5,658,502, 4,537,612, each of which is expressly incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. A lens 500 incorporating one or more photochromic functional layers would thus provide relatively little light attenuation when used in a lower light environment, but would automatically provide increased light attenuation when used in bright light, such as when used outdoors. Thus, in some embodiments, the lens may be suitable for use in both indoor and outdoor environments.In certain embodiments, photosensitive compositions can selectively alter the chroma enhancement effect of a lens. For example, glasses can be configured to transition from a neutral or light gray chromaticity to a non-neutral chromaticity specific to the activity after substantial exposure to sunlight.

[0336] In some embodiments, chroma enhancement glasses incorporate an electrochromic functional layer, which may include a dichroic dye host-guest device configured to provide variable light attenuation. For example, a functional layer may include spaced substrates coated with a layer Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 141 / 165 139 / 146 conductive, an alignment layer and, preferably, a passivation layer. A host-guest solution is disposed between the substrates, comprising a host material and a light-absorbing dichroic dye guest. A power circuit may be supplied to the functional layer via a battery in the host glasses. The power circuit provides an electrical power supply to the conductive layers. Adjusting the power supply alters the orientation of the host material, which in turn alters the orientation of the dichroic dye. Light is absorbed by the dichroic dye depending on its orientation, thus providing variable light attenuation, which can be manually adjusted by the user. Such a dichroic dye host-guest device is disclosed in US Patent 6,239,778, the entire contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference and form part of this Descriptive Report.

[0337] In some embodiments, an electrochromic functional layer is produced by depositing a composition containing a crosslinkable polymer onto a suitable support, followed by in situ crosslinking. For example, a polymerizable composition can be applied onto a glass plate coated with a layer of W03 and a conductive tin oxide sublayer and UV irradiable polymerizable to obtain a membrane that is optically transparent in the visible range and adherent to the support. The membrane can then be mounted with a counter electrode formed on a glass plate with a layer of hydrogenated iridium oxide HxIrO2 and a tin oxide sublayer. The polymerizable composition can be formed from lithium trifluoromethane (1-acryloyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfonyl)imide salt, poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate, silica particles, and xanthones.In some embodiments, an electrochromic layer is formed by two electrochromic layers separated by a film of ion-conducting material. Each layer... Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pages 142 / 165 Electrochromic 140 / 146 can be supported by a substrate coated with a conductive oxide, an indium tin oxide-based material, a zinc oxide-based material, or another type of conductive layer. The ion-conducting material forms an ion-conducting polymer electrolyte and is formed by a proton-conducting polymer, for example, a homopolymer of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid. The polymer film can be produced by depositing onto one of the electrodes a liquid reaction mixture containing the polymer precursor dissolved in a liquid solvent, for example, a mixture of water and NMP.In some embodiments, an electrochromic layer includes an electrode and a counter electrode separated by a solid polymer electrolyte, the electrode being formed by a transparent substrate having an electronically conductive film coated with a film of a cathodic active material with electrochromic properties, the counter electrode being formed by a transparent substrate having an electronically conductive film coated with a film of anode active material with electrochromic properties, the electrolyte being formed by an ion-conducting material, including a salt dissolved in a solid solvation polymer. The electrochromic layer can be characterized by the fact that the electrolyte membrane is intercalated in the form of a low-viscosity composition free of volatile liquid solvent and including a polymer or a precursor polymer and a salt.

[0338] In some embodiments, a functional layer incorporates a filter that enhances chroma in a wavelength conversion window, a background window, a spectral width window, another chroma enhancement window (CEW), or any combination of CEWs. The chroma enhancement filter generally alters the color of a scene viewed through a lens relative to a scene viewed through a lens with the same luminous transmittance but a different spectral transmittance profile. A filter Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 143 / 165 The optical filter 141 / 146 can be configured to enhance the chroma profile of a scene when the scene is viewed through a lens incorporating the optical filter. The optical filter can be configured to increase or decrease the chroma in one or more chroma enhancement windows in order to achieve any desired effect. The optical chroma enhancement filter can be configured preferentially to transmit or attenuate light in all desired chroma enhancement windows. Any suitable process can be used to determine the desired chroma enhancement windows. For example, the predominantly reflected or emitted colors in a selected environment can be measured, and a filter can be adapted to provide chroma enhancement in one or more spectral regions corresponding to the colors that are predominantly reflected or emitted. In some embodiments, the optical filter is partially incorporated into a lens body.In certain embodiments, the optical filter may be partially incorporated into a laminate. The functional layer may include one or more chroma-enhancing dyes configured to attenuate visible light passing through the lens in one or more spectral bands. In some embodiments, one or more parts of the optical filter may be incorporated into the functional layers, the lens substrate body, an interface layer, an adhesive layer, another lens element, or a combination of elements. For example, a functional layer may incorporate one or more chroma-enhancing dyes that increase the chroma of a scene compared to the chroma of a substantially unfiltered scene.

[0339] Some embodiments of chroma-enhancing glasses incorporate an optical filter having one or more filter elements that manage or attenuate the passage of light through the filter into a color channel located between the chroma-enhancing windows. These filter elements can adapt the color channel such that the Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 144 / 165 142 / 146 shades of certain colors are enhanced. Filtering elements that achieve this effect can be organic dyes or other suitable visible light filtering structures (e.g., dielectric cells, reflective filters, etc.).

[0340] Figure 59A is an absorbance profile of an exemplary dye, Exciton ABS 515, which adapts the color channel in the wavelength band of 490 nm - 560 nm. Figure 59B shows an absorption profile of the same dye. As a logarithmic quantity, absorption can facilitate the identification of absorbance peaks, peak locations, peak bandwidth, and center wavelengths, especially when absorbance peaks have very high attenuation factors. Filter elements with peak locations outside a chroma enhancement window can be used to adapt the overall lens color. The lens color can be selected to match a specific activity setting. For example, the lens color can be selected to match a color of interest (e.g., the color of an object of interest or the color of a specific background color of the activity).In shooting lens modes, a brown lens color can be selected so that the lens color is similar to a cardboard target. The lens color can also be selected to match a complement to the color of interest. Such filter elements can also be used to achieve a neutral color lens, a desired white point, or any other desired color balance effect.

[0341] Figure 60A is an absorbance profile of a lens with a substantially neutral color optical filter incorporating chroma-enhancing dyes and a color channel adaptor dye. Figure 60B is an absorbance profile of the absorbance profile shown in Figure 60A. The filter, characterized by the profiles shown in Figures 60A and 60B, includes a blue chroma-enhancing dye, a Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pages 145 / 165 143 / 146 yellow chroma-enhancing dye, a red chroma-enhancing dye, and a green color band-adapting dye. The filter provides chroma enhancement over a wide range of the visible spectrum. To achieve a filter with the overall absorbance profile shown in Figure 60B, the dyes can be mixed in a batch of polycarbonate resin. If the mixture includes 1 pound of polycarbonate resin, the following approximate loads of chroma-enhancing dyes can be used: 17 mg of blue chroma-enhancing dye, 21 mg of yellow chroma-enhancing dye, 25 mg of red chroma-enhancing dye, and 35 mg of green color band-adapting dye, having the absorbance profile shown in Figure 59A. A lens incorporating the optical filter may have a light transmission of less than or equal to approximately 14%, as measured with respect to CIE Illuminant C.In some embodiments, chroma-enhancing glasses incorporate a filter with a charge greater than or equal to the charge of each dye specified in this paragraph. In some embodiments, chroma-enhancing glasses include a filter with a charge greater than or equal to the charge of at least one of the dyes indicated in this paragraph or any combination of the dyes referred to in this paragraph.

[0342] Rebalancing the dye mixture of a chroma-enhancing filter can result in a lens with a different overall color. For example, an optical filter similar to that shown in Figures 60A and 60B can be adapted for use in low-light, twilight, or range shooting conditions by eliminating the red chroma-enhancing dye and reducing the yellow chroma-enhancing dye load. The resulting filter may have an overall brown color, thus helping the wearer of the glasses to incorporate the filter to have better dynamic visual acuity when viewing cardboard, dirt, etc.

[0343] A darker lens can be produced by increasing the overall dye load in an optical filter. Figure 61A is a profile of Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pages 146 / 165 144 / 146 absorbance of a lens that has a neutral color optical filter, incorporating the same dyes as the filter shown in Figure 60A. Like the filter shown in Figure 60A, the filter illustrated in Figure 61A provides chroma enhancement over a wide range of the visible spectrum. Figure 61B is an absorbance profile of the absorbance profile shown in Figure 61A. To achieve a filter that has the overall absorbance profile shown in Figure 61B, the dyes can be mixed in a batch of polycarbonate resin. If the mixture includes 1 pound of polycarbonate resin, the following approximate loads of chroma-enhancing dyes can be used: 24 mg of blue chroma-enhancing dye, 27 mg of yellow chroma-enhancing dye, 36 mg of red chroma-enhancing dye, and 44 mg of green color band-adapting dye, having the absorbance profile shown in Figure 59A.A lens incorporating an optical filter may have a light transmission of less than or equal to approximately 9%, as measured with respect to CIE Illuminant C.

[0344] If chroma-enhancing glasses incorporate a polarizer in the finished lens, the optical filter can be selected to respond to the additional light attenuation and spectral profile of a polarizing filter. In some embodiments, the additional attenuation produced by a polarizing filter can be responded to by reducing the overall dye load in a chroma-enhancing filter. Figure 62A is an absorbance profile of a neutral-colored optical filter incorporating the same dyes as the filter shown in Figure 60A at lower loads. Like the filter shown in Figure 60A, the filter illustrated in Figure 62A provides chroma enhancement over a wide range of the visible spectrum. Figure 62B is an absorbance profile corresponding to the absorbance profile shown in Figure 62A.Although the absorbance values ​​differ from those shown in Figure 60B, the absorption profile in Figure 62B generally has the same contours as the absorption profile of the larger filter. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 147 / 165 145 / 146 dark of Figure 60B. Figure 63A is an absorbance profile of a lens incorporating the optical filter of Figure 62A and a polarizer. A polarizer causes the light transmittance of the lens to be less than the light transmittance of its chroma-enhancing filter alone. Figure 63B is an absorbance profile corresponding to the absorbance profile shown in Figure 63A. The polarizer can alter the contours of the absorbance profile when combined with the chroma-enhancing filter. The chroma-enhancing filter can be selected to account for the spectral characteristics of a polarizing filter so that the complete lens has a desired lens color, chroma-enhancing effect, and other desired spectral characteristics.

[0345] It is considered that the particular features, structures, or characteristics of any embodiments discussed herein may be combined in any suitable manner, in one or more separate embodiments not expressly illustrated and described. For example, it is understood that an optical filter may include any suitable combination of light-attenuating features and that a combination of light-attenuating lens elements may combine to control the chroma of an image viewed through a lens. In many cases, structures that are described or illustrated as unitary or contiguous may be separated while performing the function(s) of the unitary structure. In many cases, structures that are described or illustrated as separate may be joined or combined while performing the function(s) of the separate structures.It is further understood that the optical filters disclosed here may be used, at least, in some lens and / or optical system configurations, in addition to those explicitly disclosed here.

[0346] It should be understood that, in the above description of the modalities, several characteristics are often grouped into a single form. Petition 870220017482, dated 25 / 02 / 2022, pp. 148 / 165 146 / 146 embodiment, figure or description thereof with the aim of simplifying the description and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the different inventive aspects. This method of disclosure, however, should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that any claim requires more resources than are expressly cited in this Claim. Furthermore, all components, features or steps illustrated and / or described in the particular embodiment herein may be applied or used in any other embodiment(s). Thus, it is intended that the scope of the inventions described herein is not limited by the specific embodiments described above, but should be determined by a correct reading of the Claims that follow.

Claims

1. Glasses, (100), characterized in that they comprise: a lens body (404) comprising an optical filter configured to attenuate visible light into a plurality of spectral bands, each of the plurality of spectral bands comprising: an absorbance peak with a spectral bandwidth; a maximum absorbance; a central wavelength situated at a midpoint of the spectral bandwidth; and an integrated area of ​​absorbance peak within the spectral bandwidth; wherein the spectral bandwidth is equal to the total width of the absorbance peak at 80% of the maximum absorbance of the absorbance peak; wherein the optical filter comprises a blue light absorbance peak; wherein the central wavelength of the blue light absorbance peak is between 445 nm and 480 nm; wherein the spectral bandwidth of the blue light absorbance peak is less than or equal to 50 nm;wherein the attenuation factor of the blue light absorbance peak is greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than 1; Petition 870260074230, dated 07 / 24 / 2026, page 11 / 21 2 / 6 wherein the optical filter comprises a yellow light absorbance peak; wherein the spectral bandwidth of the yellow light absorbance peak is greater than or equal to 15 nm and less than 20 nm; and wherein the attenuation factor of an absorbance peak is obtained by dividing an integrated area of ​​the absorbance peak within the spectral bandwidth by the bandwidth of the absorbance peak spectrum.

2. Glasses, (100), characterized in that they comprise: an optical filter; wherein the optical filter includes one or more chrominance-enhancing dyes configured to attenuate visible light in a plurality of spectral bands, each of the plurality of spectral bands comprising: an absorbance peak with a spectral bandwidth; a maximum absorbance; a central wavelength situated at a midpoint of the spectral bandwidth; and an integrated area of ​​the absorbance peak within the spectral bandwidth; wherein the spectral bandwidth is equal to the total width of the absorbance peak at 80% of the maximum absorbance of the absorbance peak; Petition 870260074230, dated 24 / 07 / 2026, p. 12 / 21 3 / 6 wherein at least one of one or more chrominance-enhancing dyes has a blue light absorbance peak; where the central wavelength of the blue light absorbance peak is between 445 nm and 485 nm;wherein the spectral bandwidth of the blue light absorbance peak is less than or equal to 50 nm; wherein the attenuation factor of the blue light absorbance peak is greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than 1; wherein the optical filter comprises a red light absorbance peak; wherein the spectral bandwidth of the red light absorbance peak is greater than or equal to 15 nm and less than 20 nm; wherein the attenuation factor of an absorbance peak is obtained by dividing an integrated area of ​​the absorbance peak within the spectral bandwidth by the spectral bandwidth of the absorbance peak;and wherein the optical filter is configured to increase the average chrominance value of uniform intensity light stimuli having a bandwidth of 30 nm, transmitted through the optical filter within a spectral range of 440 nm to 480 nm, compared to a neutral filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light as the optical filter in the spectral range of 440 nm to 480 nm, when the resulting outputs from the uniform intensity inputs have a bandwidth of 30 nm and a central wavelength within the spectral range.

3. Glasses, (100), as per Claim 1 or 2, characterized Petition 870260074230, of 07 / 24 / 2026, p. 13 / 21 4 / 6 by the spectral bandwidth of the blue light absorbance peak is at least 2 nm greater than a total width of the blue light absorbance peak at 90% of the maximum absorbance of the blue light absorbance peak.

4. Glasses, (100), according to Claim 1, characterized in that the optical filter comprises one or more chrominance-enhancing dyes, wherein at least one of one or more chrominance-enhancing dyes is an organic dye having an attenuation factor greater than or equal to 0.8 and a peak position located within a chrominance-enhancing window.

5. Glasses, (100), according to Claim 4, characterized in that the organic dye has a dye intensity greater than or equal to 44 L / (g cm) in methylene chloride.

6. Glasses, (100), according to Claim 5, characterized in that the organic dye has a dye intensity less than or equal to 490 L / (g cm) in methylene chloride.

7. Glasses, (100), according to Claim 2 or 4, characterized in that one or more chrominance enhancing dyes is a violet, blue, green, yellow or red chrominance enhancing dye.

8. Glasses, (100), according to Claim 1, characterized in that the optical filter is configured to increase the average chrominance value of luminous stimuli of uniform intensity having a bandwidth of 30 nm, transmitted through the optical filter within a spectral range of 440 nm to 480 nm, compared with a neutral filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light as the optical filter within the spectral range of 440 nm to 480 nm, when the outputs resulting from inputs of Petition 870260074230, of 24 / 07 / 2026, page 14 / 21 5 / 6 uniform intensity having a bandwidth of 30 nm and central wavelength in the spectral range are compared.

9. Glasses, (100), according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the optical filter is configured to increase the average chrominance value of light stimuli of uniform intensity having a bandwidth of 30 nm, transmitted through the optical filter within a spectral range between 540 nm and 600 nm, compared with a neutral filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light as the optical filter within the spectral range between 540 nm and 600 nm, when the outputs resulting from uniform intensity inputs with a bandwidth of 30 nm and a central wavelength in the spectral range are compared.

10. Glasses, (100), according to Claim 9, characterized in that the optical filter is configured to increase the average chrominance value of light stimuli of uniform intensity having a bandwidth of 30 nm, transmitted through the optical filter within a spectral range between 540 nm and 570 nm compared with a neutral filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light as the optical filter within the spectral range between 540 nm and 570 nm, when the outputs resulting from uniform intensity inputs having a bandwidth of 30 nm and a central wavelength within the spectral range are compared.

11. Glasses, (100), according to Claim 9, characterized in that the optical filter is configured to increase the average chrominance value of light stimuli of uniform intensity having a bandwidth of 30 nm, transmitted through the optical filter within a spectral range between 580 nm and 600 nm compared with a neutral filter that uniformly attenuates the same average percentage of light as the optical filter within the spectral range between 580 nm and 600 nm, when the outputs resulting from inputs of Petition 870260074230, dated 24 / 07 / 2026, page 15 / 21 6 / 6 of uniform intensity having a bandwidth of 30 nm and a central wavelength within the spectral range are compared.

12. Glasses, (100), according to Claim 1, characterized in that a central wavelength of the yellow light absorbance peak is between 540 nm and 600 nm.

13. Glasses, (100), according to Claim 12, characterized in that the central wavelength of the absorbance peak of yellow light is between 572 nm and 576 nm.

14. Glasses, (100), according to Claim 2, characterized in that a central wavelength of the red light absorbance peak is between 610 nm and 660 nm.

15. Glasses, (100), according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the attenuation factor of the blue light absorbance peak is greater than or equal to 0.9 and less than 1.

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