Arabinoxylane compositions, food product, dietary supplement or pharmaceutical composition including the same and method for preparing them

Abstract

Materials and methods for producing arabinoxylan compositions. This document provides compositions containing arabinoxylan, methods for manufacturing the arabinoxylan-containing compositions, and methods for using the arabinoxylan-containing compositions as, for example, a food ingredient, dietary supplement ingredient, or pharmaceutical ingredient. In particular, the document discloses the use of lignocellulosic biomass with water at the temperature and pressure to provide the disclosed products.

Description

1 / 90 “ARABINOXYLAN COMPOSITIONS, FOOD PRODUCT, DIETARY SUPPLEMENT OR PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING THE SAME AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THEM” CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED ORDERS

[001] This application claims priority over U.S. Serial No. 62 / 846,291, filed May 10, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[002] This document refers to compositions containing arabinoxylan, methods for manufacturing compositions containing arabinoxylan and methods for using compositions containing arabinoxylan as, for example, a food ingredient or a dietary supplement. FUNDAMENTALS

[003] Fiber can be found in plant-based foods and is a common dietary supplement. Fiber can include prebiotic fiber (sometimes called soluble fiber) and / or insoluble fiber.

[004] Prebiotic fiber is a non-digestible part of food that passes through the small intestine undigested and is fermented when it reaches the colon. The fermentation process can feed colonies of beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract and may help increase the number of desirable bacteria in a digestive system, which may reduce the risk of certain diseases and improve overall health. Non-limiting examples of prebiotic fiber include arabinoxylan, inulin, pectin, alginic acid, raffinose, and xylose.

[005] Fiber compositions derived from plant sources can be a source of prebiotic fiber. According to the Dietary Guidelines produced by the United States Department of Agriculture, the recommended daily intake of fiber in a 2000-calorie diet is approximately 28 g. Fiber compositions also Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 8 / 202 2 / 90 may include naturally occurring sweetening agents or added sweetening agents. Fiber compositions can be used to provide bulk in reduced-calorie products, as long-chain fibers are not readily digested and pass through the intestines. Soluble fiber in the diet can improve digestion by drawing water into the intestines. Fiber compositions can also create a feeling of fullness and prevent spikes in blood glucose and insulin, thus reducing food cravings and reducing or preventing the intake of inappropriate foods or inappropriate amounts of food. SUMMARY

[006] This document provides compositions containing arabinoxylan, methods for manufacturing the arabinoxylan-containing compositions, and methods for using the arabinoxylan-containing compositions as, for example, a food ingredient, dietary supplement ingredient, or pharmaceutical ingredient. For example, this document provides compositions (e.g., arabinoxylan compositions) containing predominantly arabinoxylan (e.g., more than 88 percent arabinoxylan by dry weight) that has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 5500 to about 6000 Da. In some cases, a composition (e.g., arabinoxylan compositions) provided herein may have a content of non-arabinoxylan carbohydrate polymers of less than about 1% by dry weight and a polyphenol content of about 1% to about 3% by dry weight.Typically, plants such as wheat and maize contain arabinoxylan molecules with molecular weights (Mw) of at least about 100 kDa and covalently linked polyphenols, and extracting this arabinoxylan can result in compositions containing carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan from about 7% to about 30%, a sugar monomer content of about 0.5% to about 7.5%, a protein content of about 0.5% to about 25%, and an ash content of about 0.1% to about 3%. As described herein, the... Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 9 / 202 3 / 90 Plant material can be processed as described herein to produce compositions (e.g., arabinoxylan compositions) that (a) contain predominantly arabinoxylan (e.g., more than 88 percent arabinoxylan by dry weight) having a molecular weight (Mw) of 5500 to 6000 Da and (b) have other desirable structural and / or functional features, such as a content of non-arabinoxylan carbohydrate polymers of less than about 1%, a polyphenol content of about 1% to about 12% by dry weight, a content of ferulic acid units (e.g., as polyphenol components, free units or a combination thereof) of 0.0005% to about 0.005%, a content of gallic acid units (e.g., as polyphenol components, free units or a combination thereof) of about 0.005% to about 0.02%, a content of epigallocatechin-3-gallate units and / or a color (e.g., when in powder form) of light brown.Having the ability to produce large quantities of the compositions (e.g., arabinoxylan compositions) described herein using the methods and materials described herein, may enable manufacturers to provide customers with a rich source of arabinoxylan having desirable structural and functional characteristics for use in, for example, food products, dietary supplements and / or pharmaceutical compositions.

[007] In one aspect, a composition is provided herein comprising about 88% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, about 4% to about 12% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein and ash, and about 1% to about 12% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

[008] Implementations may include one or more of the following features. The composition may include about 88% to about 90% by dry weight of arabinoxylan. The composition may include about 90% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan. The composition may include about 90% to about 95% by dry weight of arabinoxylan. The composition may include about 91% to about 93% Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 10 / 202 4 / 90% by dry weight of arabinoxylan. The composition may include about 6% to about 10% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash, or a combination thereof. The composition may include about 5% to about 7% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash, or a combination thereof. The composition may include about 8% to about 10% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash, or a combination thereof. The composition may include about 2% to about 5% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols. The composition may include about 5% to about 10% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols. The composition may include from about 1% to about 3% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols. The composition may include from about 1% to about 2% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.Arabinoxylan may contain approximately 5% to approximately 25% by dry weight of arabinose units. Arabinoxylan may contain approximately 5% to approximately 15% by dry weight of arabinose units. Arabinoxylan may contain approximately 10% to approximately 20% by dry weight of arabinose units. Arabinoxylan may contain approximately 15% to approximately 25% by dry weight of arabinose units. Arabinoxylan may contain approximately 5% to approximately 7% by dry weight of arabinose units. Arabinoxylan may contain approximately 18% to approximately 20% by dry weight of arabinose units. Arabinoxylan may contain approximately 60% to approximately 85% by dry weight of xylose units. Arabinoxylan may include approximately 60% to approximately 70% by dry weight of xylose units. Arabinoxylan may include approximately 70% to approximately 80% by dry weight of xylose units. Arabinoxylan may include approximately 75% to approximately 85% by dry weight of xylose units.Arabinoxylan may contain approximately 62% to approximately 66% by dry weight of xylose units. Arabinoxylan may contain approximately 78% to approximately 82% by dry weight of xylose units. Arabinoxylan may contain approximately 8% to... Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 11 / 202 5 / 90 approximately 15% by dry weight of glucose units. Arabinoxylan may include approximately 10% to approximately 15% by dry weight of glucose units. Arabinoxylan may include approximately 9% to approximately 11% by dry weight of glucose units. Arabinoxylan may include approximately 12% to approximately 14% by dry weight of glucose units. Arabinoxylan may include approximately 2% to approximately 6% by dry weight of galactose units. Arabinoxylan may include approximately 3% to approximately 5% by dry weight of galactose units. Arabinoxylan may include less than approximately 1% by dry weight of mannose units. Arabinoxylan may include less than approximately 0.5% by dry weight of mannose units. Arabinoxylan may include arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units may be about 0.05 to about 0.35.Arabinoxylan may include arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units may be about 0.05 to about 0.15. Arabinoxylan may include arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units may be about 0.15 to about 0.25. Arabinoxylan may include arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units may be about 0.25 to about 0.35. Arabinoxylan may include arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units may be about 0.06 to about 0.10. Arabinoxylan may include arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units may be about 0.28 to about 0.32.Arabinoxylan may include glucose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units may be about 0.10 to about 0.25. Arabinoxylan may include glucose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units may be about 0.15 to about 0.25. Arabinoxylan may include glucose units and xylose units, and a ratio. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 12 / 202 The molar ratio of glucose and xylose units can be about 0.10 to about 0.20. The arabinoxylan may include glucose and xylose units, and the molar ratio of glucose and xylose units can be about 0.11 to about 0.15. The arabinoxylan may include glucose and xylose units, and the molar ratio of glucose and xylose units can be about 0.18 to about 0.22. The composition may include less than about 1% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan. The composition may include less than about 0.5% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan. The composition may include about 0.5% to about 5% by dry weight of protein. The composition may include approximately 1% to approximately 4% protein by dry weight. The composition may include approximately 0.8% to approximately 1.2% protein by dry weight.The composition may include approximately 3.6% to approximately 4% by dry weight of protein. The composition may include approximately 0.5% to approximately 6% by dry weight of ash. The composition may include approximately 1% to approximately 5% by dry weight of ash. The composition may include approximately 1% to approximately 3% by dry weight of ash. The composition may include approximately 0.8% to approximately 1.2% by dry weight of ash. The composition may include approximately 4.5% to approximately 4.9% by dry weight of ash. The composition may have a molecular weight (Mw) of approximately 5,500 to 6,000 Da. The composition may have a molecular weight (Mw) of approximately 5,500 to 5,700 Da. The composition may have a molecular weight (Mw) of approximately 5,600 to 5,800 Da. The composition may have a molecular weight (Mn) of approximately 3,000 to 3,500 Da. The composition may have a molecular weight (Mn) of approximately 3,200 to 3,400 Da.One or more polyphenols may include units selected from the group consisting of ferulic acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, coumaric acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, rosmarinic acid, vanillin, and combinations thereof. The composition may include from about 0.001% to about 0.005% by dry weight of ferulic acid units. The composition may include from about 0.001% to about 0.003% by weight. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 13 / 202 7 / 90 dry weight of ferulic acid units. The composition may include about 0.01% to about 0.05% by dry weight of gallic acid units. The composition may include about 0.01% to about 0.03% by dry weight of gallic acid units. The composition may include about 1% to about 2% by dry weight of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid units. The composition may include about 1.0% to about 1.5% by dry weight of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid units. The composition may include about 0.01% to about 0.05% by dry weight of coumaric acid units. The composition may include about 0.01% to about 0.03% by dry weight of coumaric acid units. The composition may include from about 0.05% to about 0.1% by dry weight of syringic acid units. The composition may include from about 0.05% to about 0.07% by dry weight of syringic acid units. The composition may include from about 0.1% to about 0.5% by dry weight of sinapic acid units.The composition may include about 0.3% to about 0.5% by dry weight of sinapic acid units. The composition may include about 0.05% to about 0.3% by dry weight of rosmarinic acid units. The composition may include about 0.1% to about 0.2% by dry weight of rosmarinic acid units. The composition may include about 0.001% to about 0.01% by dry weight of vanillin units. The composition may include about 0.004% to about 0.006% by dry weight of vanillin units. The composition may be light brown. The composition may have an antioxidant level of about 25,000 to about 50,000 μmol TE / 100 g. The composition may have an antioxidant level of approximately 25,000 to approximately 35,000 μmol TE / 100 g. The composition comprises epigallocatechin gallate.

[009] In another aspect, a composition is provided here comprising about 88% to about 90% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan includes about 5% to about 7% by dry weight of arabinose units, about 78% to about 82% by dry weight of xylose units, about 9% to about 11% by dry weight of glucose units, about 3% to about 4% by dry weight Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 14 / 202 8 / 90 dry galactose units, about 4% to about 6% of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof, and about 3% to about 11% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols, wherein the molecular weight (Mw) of the composition may be about 5400 to about 5800 Da.In another aspect, a composition is provided herein comprising about 90% to about 94% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 17% to about 21% by dry weight of arabinose units, about 62% to about 66% by dry weight of xylose units, about 12% to about 14% by dry weight of glucose units, about 3% to about 4% by dry weight of galactose units, about 8% to about 11% of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof, and about 1% to about 3% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols, wherein the molecular weight (Mw) of the composition may be about 5600 to about 6000 Da.

[010] Implementations may include one or more of the following features. The molecular weight (Mn) of the composition may be from about 3100 to about 3500 Da. The composition may include from about 0.001% to about 0.003% by dry weight of ferulic acid units. The composition may include from about 0.01% to about 0.02% by dry weight of gallic acid units. The composition may include from about 1.0% to about 1.5% by dry weight of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid units. The composition may include from about 0.01% to about 0.02% by dry weight of coumaric acid units. The composition may include from about 0.05% to about 0.07% by dry weight of syringic acid units. The composition may include about 0.3% to about 0.5% by dry weight of sinapic acid units. The composition may include about 0.1% to about 0.2% by dry weight of rosmarinic acid units. The composition may include about 0.004% to about 0.006% by dry weight of vanillin units.The composition may have an antioxidant level of... Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 15 / 202 9 / 90 approximately 27,000 to approximately 31,000 μmol of TE / 100 g. The composition may include epigallocatechin gallate.

[011] In another aspect, a food product is supplied here including any one or more of the compositions supplied here.

[012] In another aspect, a dietary supplement is provided herein including any one or more of the compositions provided herein.

[013] In another aspect, a pharmaceutical composition is provided herein including any one or more of the compositions provided herein.

[014] In another aspect, a use of any one or more of the compositions given here in a food product is provided for herein.

[015] In another aspect, a use of any one or more of the compositions given here in a dietary supplement is provided for herein.

[016] In another aspect, a use of any one or more of the compositions given herein in a pharmaceutical composition is provided herein.

[017] In another aspect, a method is provided here for preparing a composition including providing a lignocellulosic biomass, combining the lignocellulosic biomass with water, activating the lignocellulosic biomass and water using conditions comprising a first temperature and a first pressure to form a first activated cellulose stream, washing the first activated cellulose stream to form a first washed activated cellulose stream and a first soluble extract, wherein the first soluble extract comprises arabinoxylan, and processing the first soluble extract to form a composition.

[018] Implementations may include one or more of the following features. The initial temperature may be from approximately 190°C to approximately 215°C. The initial pressure may be from approximately 200 to approximately 500 psig. The activation step may last from approximately 1 to approximately 30 minutes. Washing may include washing with water at a temperature of approximately 40°C and approximately 100°C. Processing may Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 16 / 202 10 / 90 may include one or more carbon treatments, nanofiltration, or a combination thereof. Carbon treatment may include treatment with activated charcoal. Carbon treatment may include using carbon in an amount of about 0.05% to about 0.15% by dry weight of the arabinoxylan in the first soluble extract. Processing may sequentially include carbon treatment and nanofiltration to form the composition. The method may also include, prior to processing, adding a reduced-mass arabinoxylan to the first soluble extract. The method may also include drying the composition. The composition may include about 88% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, about 5% to about 12% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof, and about 1% to about 12% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.The composition may include about 88% to about 90% by dry weight of arabinoxylan. The composition may include about 90% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan. The composition may include about 90% to about 95% by dry weight of arabinoxylan. The composition may include about 91% to about 93% by dry weight of arabinoxylan. The composition may include about 6% to about 10% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash, or a combination thereof. The composition may include about 5% to about 7% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash, or a combination thereof. The composition may include approximately 8% to approximately 10% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash, or a combination thereof.The composition may include from about 2% to about 5% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols. The composition may include from about 5% to about 10% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols. The composition may include from about 1% to about 3% by dry weight of... Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 17 / 202 11 / 90 one or more polyphenols. The composition may include about 1% to about 2% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols. The arabinoxylan may include about 5% to about 25% by dry weight of arabinose units. The arabinoxylan may include about 5% to about 15% by dry weight of arabinose units. The arabinoxylan may include about 10% to about 20% by dry weight of arabinose units. The arabinoxylan may include about 15% to about 25% by dry weight of arabinose units. The arabinoxylan may include about 5% to about 7% by dry weight of arabinose units. The arabinoxylan may include about 18% to about 20% by dry weight of arabinose units. Arabinoxylan may include approximately 60% to approximately 85% by dry weight of xylose units. Arabinoxylan may include approximately 60% to approximately 70% by dry weight of xylose units. Arabinoxylan may include approximately 70% to approximately 80% by dry weight of xylose units.Arabinoxylan may include approximately 75% to approximately 85% by dry weight of xylose units. Arabinoxylan may include approximately 62% to approximately 66% by dry weight of xylose units. Arabinoxylan may include approximately 78% to approximately 82% by dry weight of xylose units. Arabinoxylan may include approximately 8% to approximately 15% by dry weight of glucose units. Arabinoxylan may include approximately 10% to approximately 15% by dry weight of glucose units. Arabinoxylan may include approximately 9% to approximately 11% by dry weight of glucose units. Arabinoxylan may include approximately 12% to approximately 14% by dry weight of glucose units. Arabinoxylan may include from about 2% to about 6% by dry weight of galactose units. Arabinoxylan may include from about 3% to about 5% by dry weight of galactose units. Arabinoxylan may include less than about 1% by dry weight of mannose units.Arabinoxylan may include less than about 0.5% by dry weight of mannose units. Arabinoxylan may include arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units may be about 0.05 to about 0.35. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 18 / 202 12 / 90 arabinoxylan may include arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units may be about 0.05 to about 0.15. The arabinoxylan may include arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units may be about 0.15 to about 0.25. The arabinoxylan may include arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units may be about 0.25 to about 0.35. The arabinoxylan may include arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units may be about 0.06 to about 0.10. Arabinoxylan may include arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units may be about 0.28 to about 0.32.Arabinoxylan may include glucose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units may be about 0.10 to about 0.25. Arabinoxylan may include glucose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units may be about 0.15 to about 0.25. Arabinoxylan may include glucose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units may be about 0.10 to about 0.20. Arabinoxylan may include glucose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units may be about 0.11 to about 0.15. Arabinoxylan may include glucose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units may be from about 0.18 to about 0.22. The composition may include less than about 1% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan.The composition may include less than about 0.5% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan. The composition may include from about 0.5% to about 5% by dry weight of protein. The composition may include from about 1% to about 4% by dry weight of protein. The composition may include from about 0.8% to about 1.2% by weight. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 19 / 202 13 / 90 dry protein. The composition may include about 3.6% to about 4% by dry weight of protein. The composition may include about 0.5% to about 6% by dry weight of ash. The composition may include about 1% to about 5% by dry weight of ash. The composition may include about 1% to about 3% by dry weight of ash. The composition may include about 0.8% to about 1.2% by dry weight of ash. The composition may include about 4.5% to about 4.9% by dry weight of ash. The composition may have a molecular weight (Mw) of approximately 5,500 to 6,000 Da. The composition may have a molecular weight (Mw) of approximately 5,500 to 5,700 Da. The composition may have a molecular weight (Mw) of approximately 5,600 to 5,800 Da. The composition may have a molecular weight (Mn) of approximately 3,000 to 3,500 Da. The composition may have a molecular weight (Mn) of approximately 3,200 to 3,400 Da.One or more polyphenols may include units selected from the group consisting of ferulic acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, coumaric acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, rosmarinic acid, vanillin, and combinations thereof. The composition may include about 0.001% to about 0.005% by dry weight of ferulic acid units. The composition may include about 0.001% to about 0.003% by dry weight of ferulic acid units. The composition may include about 0.01% to about 0.05% by dry weight of gallic acid units. The composition may include about 0.01% to about 0.03% by dry weight of gallic acid units. The composition may include about 1% to about 2% by dry weight of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid units. The composition may include from about 1.0% to about 1.5% by dry weight of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid units. The composition may include from about 0.01% to about 0.05% by dry weight of coumaric acid units.The composition may include from about 0.01% to about 0.03% by dry weight of coumaric acid units. The composition may include from about 0.05% to about 0.1% by dry weight of syringic acid units. The composition may include from about 0.05% to about 0.07% by dry weight of syringic acid units. The composition may include approximately... Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 20 / 202 14 / 90 from about 0.1% to about 0.5% by dry weight of sinapic acid units. The composition may include about 0.3% to about 0.5% by dry weight of sinapic acid units. The composition may include about 0.05% to about 0.3% by dry weight of rosmarinic acid units. The composition may include about 0.1% to about 0.2% by dry weight of rosmarinic acid units. The composition may include about 0.001% to about 0.01% by dry weight of vanillin units. The composition may include about 0.004% to about 0.006% by dry weight of vanillin units. The composition may be light brown. The composition may have an antioxidant level of approximately 25,000 to approximately 50,000 μmol TE / 100 g. The composition may have an antioxidant level of approximately 25,000 to approximately 35,000 μmol TE / 100 g. The composition may include epigallocatechin gallate.

[019] In another aspect, a composition prepared by any of the methods given here is provided.

[020] In another aspect, a food product is provided here including a composition prepared by any of the methods given here.

[021] In another aspect, a pharmaceutical composition is provided herein including a composition prepared by any of the methods provided herein.

[022] In another aspect, a dietary supplement is provided here comprising a composition prepared by any of the methods provided herein.

[023] In another aspect, a use of a composition prepared by any of the methods given here in a food product is provided here.

[024] In another aspect, a use of a composition prepared by any of the methods given here in a pharmaceutical composition is provided here.

[025] In another aspect, a use of a composition prepared by any of the methods given here in a dietary supplement is provided here.

[026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms and Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 21 / 202 The scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by a person skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used to practice the invention, suitable methods and materials are described below. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, this descriptive report, including the definitions, shall prevail. Furthermore, the materials, methods, and examples are merely illustrative and not intended to be limiting.

[027] Details of one or more embodiments of the invention are presented in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objectives and advantages of the invention will be evident from the description and drawings, and from the claims. The word “comprising” in the claims may be replaced by “essentially consisting of” or by “consisting of”, in accordance with standard practice in patent regulation. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[028] Figure 1 is a diagram of an exemplary method for processing lignocellulosic biomass according to some embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[029] This document provides compositions containing arabinoxylan, methods for manufacturing the arabinoxylan-containing compositions, and methods for using the arabinoxylan-containing compositions as, for example, a food ingredient, dietary supplement ingredient, or pharmaceutical ingredient. For example, this document provides compositions (e.g., arabinoxylan compositions) containing predominantly arabinoxylan (e.g., more than 88 percent arabinoxylan by dry weight) that has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 5500 Da to about 6000 Da. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 22 / 202 16 / 90

[030] Arabinoxylan is a heteropolymer found in many plants that may include any appropriate units. Typically, arabinoxylan has a xylose backbone (e.g., 1,4-xylose linkage) that is covalently linked to one or more arabinose units (e.g., via a 2,3-linkage). Arabinoxylan may also be covalently linked to other sugar units such as glucose, galactose, and maltose, or to polyphenols or polyphenol units. In some cases, arabinoxylan may be described based on its constituent units (e.g., by dry weight). Just as an example, a particular arabinoxylan may be described as about 18% arabinose, about 63% xylose, about 13% glucose, about 4% galactose, and about 2% polyphenols, all by dry weight.

[031] In some cases, a composition (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) provided herein may have an arabinoxylan content of about 88% to about 95% by dry weight, wherein the molecular weight (Mw) of the arabinoxylan in the composition is about 5500 to about 6000 Da, and wherein the composition has (a) a content of non-arabinoxylan carbohydrate polymers of less than about 1% by dry weight and (b) a polyphenol content of about 1% to about 3% by dry weight.

[032] In some cases, a composition (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) provided herein may have an arabinoxylan content of about 80% to about 95% by dry weight, wherein the molecular weight (Mw) of the arabinoxylan in the composition is about 3100 to about 8400 Da, and wherein the composition has (a) a content of non-arabinoxylan carbohydrate polymers of less than about 1% by dry weight and (b) a polyphenol content of about 1% to about 14% by dry weight. In some cases, a composition (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) provided herein may have an arabinoxylan content of about 80% to about 95% by dry weight, wherein the molecular weight (Mw) of the arabinoxylan in the composition is about Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 23 / 202 17 / 90 from 3100 to about 8400 Da, and wherein the composition has (a) a content of other carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, monomers, protein and ash, of about 5% to about 20% by dry weight and (b) a polyphenol content of about 1% to about 14% by dry weight.

[033] As described herein, plant material can be processed as described herein to produce compositions (e.g., arabinoxylan compositions) that (a) contain predominantly arabinoxylan (e.g., more than 88 percent arabinoxylan by dry weight) having a molecular weight (Mw) of about 5,500 to about 6,000 Da and (b) have other desirable structural and / or functional features, such as a content of non-arabinoxylan carbohydrate polymers of less than about 1%, a polyphenol content of about 1% to about 12% by dry weight, a content of ferulic acid units (e.g., as polyphenol components, free units or a combination thereof) of 0.0005% to about 0.005%, a content of gallic acid units (e.g., as polyphenol components, free units or a combination thereof) from about 0.005% to about 0.02%, a content of epigallocatechin-3-gallate units and / or a color (e.g., when in powder form) of light brown.

[034] As described herein, plant material can be processed as described herein to produce compositions (e.g., arabinoxylan compositions) that (a) predominantly contain arabinoxylan (e.g., more than 80 percent arabinoxylan by dry weight) having a molecular weight (Mw) of about 3100 to about 8400 Da and (b) have other desirable structural and / or functional features, such as a content of non-arabinoxylan carbohydrate polymers of less than about 1%, a polyphenol content of about 1% to about 14% by dry weight, a content of ferulic acid units (e.g., as polyphenol components, free units or a combination thereof) of 0.0005% to about 0.005%, a content of gallic acid units (e.g., as polyphenol components, free units or a Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 24 / 202 18 / 90 combination thereof) of about 0.005% to about 0.02%, a content of epigallocatechin-3-gallate units and / or a color (e.g., when in powder form) of light brown. As described herein, plant material can be processed as described herein to produce compositions (e.g., arabinoxylan compositions) that (a) predominantly contain arabinoxylan (e.g., more than 80 percent arabinoxylan by dry weight) having a molecular weight (Mw) of about 3100 to about 8400 Da and (b) have other desirable structural and / or functional features, such as a content of other carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, monomers, protein, and ash, of about 5% to about 20% by dry weight, a polyphenol content of about 1% to about 14% by dry weight, a content of ferulic acid units (e.g., as polyphenol components, free units, or a combination thereof) of 0.0005% to about 0.005%, a content of gallic acid units (e.g.,, as components of polyphenols, free units or a combination thereof) of about 0.005% to about 0.02%, a content of epigallocatechin-3-gallate units and / or a color (e.g., when in powder form) of light brown.

[035] This document provides compositions including arabinoxylan (e.g., arabinoxylan compositions). A composition described herein may include arabinoxylan and any other appropriate components. In some cases, a composition described herein may include polyphenols. In some cases, a composition described herein may include carbohydrate polymers that are not arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, ash, protein, or a combination thereof.

[036] A composition described herein may include arabinoxylan in any appropriate amount. Various references to the percentage of components of the composition appear throughout this document. Percentages are percentages by dry weight unless otherwise indicated. In some embodiments, a composition described herein may include about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan (e.g., about 80% to about 97%, about 80% to about 95%). Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 25 / 202 19 / 90%, about 80% to about 93%, about 80% to about 90%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 99%, about 90% to about 95% or about 91% to about 93% dry weight arabinoxylan). In some embodiments, a composition described herein may include about 88% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan (e.g., about 88% to about 97%, about 88% to about 95%, about 88% to about 93%, about 88% to about 90%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 99%, about 90% to about 94%, about 90% to about 95%, or about 91% to about 93% by dry weight of arabinoxylan). In some embodiments, a composition described herein may include at least about 80% by dry weight of arabinoxylan (e.g.,, at least about 83%, at least about 85%, at least about 89%, at least about 91%, at least about 93%, at least about 95% or at least about 97% by dry weight of arabinoxylan).

[037] The arabinoxylan of a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may have any appropriate molecular weight. A molecular weight may be determined by any appropriate method. For example, a molecular weight may be determined using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) (sometimes also called gel permeation). Size exclusion chromatography may be used to separate complex mixtures of macromolecules according to their hydrodynamic size. In some embodiments, the arabinoxylan of a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may have a molecular weight (as Mw) of about 3100 to about 8400 Da (e.g., 3100 to about 3500 Da, about 3100 to about 4000 Da, about 3100 to about 4800 Da, about 3100 to about 5500 Da, about 5500 to about 7500 Da, about 4500 to about 6500 Da, or about 6500 to about 8400 Da). In some embodiments, the arabinoxylan of a composition Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 26 / 202 The 20 / 90 described herein (for example, an arabinoxylan composition) may have a molecular weight (as Mw) of at least about 4,800 Da (for example, at least about 4,900 Da, at least about 5,000 Da, at least about 5,200 Da, at least about 5,400 Da, at least about 5,600 Da, or at least about 5,800 Da). For example, the arabinoxylan of a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may have a molecular weight (as Mw) of about 5,400 to about 6,000 Da (e.g., about 5,500 to about 6,000 Da, about 5,400 to about 5,800 Da, about 5,500 to about 5,900 Da, about 5,500 to about 5,700 Da, about 5,600 to about 5,800 Da, about 5,600 to about 6,000 Da, about 5,700 to about 6,000 Da, or about 5,700 to about 5,900 Da). In some embodiments, the arabinoxylan of a composition described herein (for example, an arabinoxylan composition) may have a molecular weight (as Mn) of about 3,000 to about 3,500 Da (for example,, from about 3000 to about 3400 Da, from about 3000 to about 3300 Da, from about 3200 Da to about 3400 Da, from about 3200 Da to about 3500 Da, from about 3300 Da to about 3500 Da, from about 3100 Da to about 3500 Da or from about 3200 Da to about 3300 Da).

[038] The arabinoxylan in a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may have any suitable chemical composition (e.g., including arabinose units, xylose units, glucose units, galactose units, mannose units, polyphenol units, or a combination thereof). The chemical composition may be determined by any suitable method, such as the method described in Technical Report NREL / TP-510-42623 (January 2008) published by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (US Dept. of Energy) entitled, “Determination of Sugars, Byproducts, and Degradation Products in Liquid Fraction Process Samples,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. For example, the arabinoxylan in a composition provided herein may include from about 5% to about 40% (e.g., from about 5% to about 35%, about 5 Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 27 / 202 21 / 90% to about 30%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 7%, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 25%, about 15% to about 25%, about 17% to about 21%, about 20% to about 25%, about 10% to about 40%, about 15% to about 40%, about 20% to about 40%, about 25% to about 40%, about 30% to about 40%, about 35% to about 40%, about 10% to about 20%, about 15% to about 20% or about 18% to about 20%) in dry weight of arabinose units. In some cases, the arabinoxylan of a composition provided here may include about 60% to about 85% (eg, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 70%, about 70% to about 80%, about 60% to about 65%, about 62% to about 66%, about 70% to about 85%, about 75% to about 85%, about 80% to about 85%, about 63% to about 65%, about 62% to about 66%, about 72% to about 82%, about 78% to about 82%, about 79% to about 81%) by dry weight of xylose units. In some cases, the arabinoxylan of a composition provided herein may include from about 5% to about 20% (e.g., from about 5% to about 15%, from about 5% to about 10%, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 10% to about 15%, from about 8% to about 12%, from about 8% to about 15%, from about 9% to about 11%, from about 11% to about 15%, or from about 12% to about 14%) by dry weight of glucose units. In some cases, the arabinoxylan of a composition provided herein may include from about 2% to about 6% (e.g., about 3% to about 4% or about 3% to about 5%) by dry weight of galactose units. In some cases, the arabinoxylan of a composition provided herein may include less than about 1% (e.g., less than about 0.8%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.1%, 0.05% or 0.01%) by dry weight of mannose units. In some embodiments, the arabinoxylan of a composition provided herein... Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 28 / 202 The 22 / 90 composition provided may lack mannose or contain very little mannose. For example, the arabinoxylan of a composition provided herein may include from about 0% to about 1% (e.g., from about 0% to about 0.5%, from about 0% to about 0.1%, from about 0% to about 0.05%, from 0% to about 0.01%, or from about 0.5% to about 1%) by dry weight of mannose units. In some embodiments, the arabinoxylan of a composition provided herein may lack mannose. These components may be present in the arabinoxylan of a composition provided herein in any appropriate ratio. In some embodiments, the ratio of arabinose units to xylose units of arabinoxylan of a composition given herein may be from about 0.05 to about 0.65 (for example, from about 0.05 to about 0.25, from about 0.25 to about 0.45 or from about 0.45 to about 0.65).For example, the ratio of arabinose units to xylose units of the arabinoxylan of a composition given herein may be from about 0.05 to about 0.35 (e.g., from about 0.05 to about 0.25, from about 0.05 to about 0.15, from about 0.05 to about 0.10, from about 0.10 to about 0.35, from about 0.15 to about 0.25, from about 0.15 to about 0.35, from about 0.25 to about 0.35, from about 0.06 to about 0.10, from about 0.07 to about 0.09, from about 0.28 to about 0.32, or from about 0.29 to about 0.31). In some embodiments, the ratio of glucose units to xylose units of the arabinoxylan of a composition provided herein may be from about 0.10 to about 0.25 (e.g., from about 0.10 to about 0.20, from about 0.10 to about 0.15, from about 0.11 to about 0.15, from about 0.15 to about 0.25, from about 0.15 to about 0.20, from about 0.18 to about 0.22, or from about 0.20 to about 0.25).

[039] Polyphenols (e.g., one or more polyphenols) may be present in a composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) in any appropriate amount. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include from about 1% to about 14% (e.g., from about 1% to about 12%, from about 1% to about 10%, from about 1% to Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 29 / 202 23 / 90 approximately 5%, approximately 1% to approximately 3%, approximately 1% to approximately 2%, approximately 2% to approximately 5%, approximately 2% to approximately 12%, approximately 5% to approximately 10%, approximately 5% to approximately 12%, approximately 8% to approximately 12%, approximately 2% to approximately 14%, approximately 5% to approximately 14%, approximately 8% to approximately 14%, approximately 10% to approximately 14%, approximately 2% to approximately 8%, approximately 3% to approximately 11% or approximately 4% to approximately 6%) by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

[040] A composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include polyphenol units. In some cases, the polyphenol units may be parts of polyphenols. In some embodiments, the polyphenols of a composition provided herein may be covalently linked to the arabinoxylan of the composition, may be free polyphenols, or may be a combination thereof. In some cases, the polyphenol units may be free units. In some embodiments, the polyphenols may be predominantly linked to the arabinoxylan. In some embodiments, the polyphenol units may include ferulic acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, coumaric acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, rosmarinic acid, vanillin, or combinations thereof. The polyphenol units of a composition provided herein may be present in any appropriate amount.The polyphenol units of a composition provided herein may be measured using any appropriate method, such as the methods described in Malunga, Lovemore Nkhata and Trust Beta, “Antioxidant capacity of water-extractable arabinoxylan from commercial barley, wheat, and wheat fractions”, Cereal Chemistry 92.1 (2015): 29-36 or Nour, Violeta, Ion Trandafir and Sina Cosmulescu, “HPLC determination of phenolic acids, flavonoids and juglone in walnut leaves”, Journal of Chromatographic Science 51.9 (2013): 883-890, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. In some cases, standards may be purchased from a supplier such as Sigma-Aldrich, and an Agilent 1260 with quaternary pump, autosampler and multiwavelength detector (HPLC-UV) may be used. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 30 / 202 24 / 90 used for detection. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include ferulic acid units. Ferulic acid units may be present in any appropriate amount. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include from about 0.0005% to about 0.005% (e.g., from about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, from about 0.001% to about 0.003%, from about 0.001% to about 0.005%, from about 0.003% to about 0.005%, or from about 0.001% to about 0.003%) by dry weight of ferulic acid units. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include gallic acid units. Gallic acid units may be present in any appropriate amount. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include from about 0.005% to about 0.05% (e.g.,, from about 0.005% to about 0.01%, from about 0.01% to about 0.02%, from about 0.01% to about 0.03%, or from about 0.01% to about 0.05%) by dry weight of gallic acid units. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (for example, an arabinoxylan composition) may include 4-hydroxybenzoic acid units. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid units may be present in any appropriate amount. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include from about 0.5% to about 2% (e.g., from about 0.5% to about 1%, from about 1% to about 2%, from about 1.0% to about 1.5%, from about 1.1% to about 1.5%, or from about 1.2% to about 1.4%) by dry weight of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid units. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include coumaric acid units.Coumaric acid units may be present in any appropriate amount. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include from about 0.010% to about 0.05% (e.g., Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 31 / 202 25 / 90 approximately 0.01% to approximately 0.02%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 0.03%, approximately 0.010% to approximately 0.015%, approximately 0.010% to approximately 0.025%, approximately 0.020% to approximately 0.025%, approximately 0.015% to approximately 0.025%, approximately 0.014% to approximately 0.018%, approximately 0.015% to approximately 0.017%) by dry weight of coumaric acid units. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include syringic acid units. Syringic acid units may be present in any appropriate amount. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include from about 0.01% to about 0.1% (e.g., from about 0.01% to about 0.08%, from about 0.01% to about 0.05%, from about 0.01% to about 0.03%, from about 0.03% to about 0.1%, from about 0.05% to about 0.1%, from about 0.08% to about 0.1%, from about 0.04% to about 0.08% or from about 0.05% to about 0.07%) by dry weight of syringic acid units. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (for example, an arabinoxylan composition) may include sinapic acid units. Sinapic acid units may be present in any appropriate amount. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include from about 0.1% to about 0.6% (e.g., from about 0.2% to about 0.6%, from about 0.2% to about 0.5%, from about 0.2% to about 0.3%, from about 0.3% to about 0.6%, from about 0.5% to about 0.6%, from about 0.1% to about 0.5%, or from about 0.3% to about 0.5%) by dry weight of sinapic acid units.In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include rosmarinic acid units. Rosmarinic acid units may be present in any appropriate amount. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include from about 0.05% to about 0.3% (e.g., from about 0.05% to about 0.02%, from about 0.05% to about 0.1%, from about 0.1% to about 0.3%, from about 0.1% to about 0.5%). Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 32 / 202 26 / 90% or about 0.1% to about 0.2% by dry weight of rosmarinic acid units. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (for example, an arabinoxylan composition) may include vanillin units. Vanillin units may be present in any appropriate amount. In some embodiments, vanillin units may be present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 0.01% (e.g., about 0.001% to about 0.008%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.001% to about 0.003%, about 0.003% to about 0.01%, about 0.005% to about 0.1%, about 0.001% to about 0.007%, or about 0.004% to about 0.006%) by dry weight of vanillin units. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) units. In some modalities, a composition described here (e.g.EGCG (an arabinoxylan composition) may include EGCG units. EGCG units may be present in any appropriate amount.

[041] A composition described herein (for example, an arabinoxylan composition) may have any appropriate level of antioxidant. An antioxidant level may be measured using any appropriate method. For example, the micromole of trolox equivalent per 100 grams (μmol TE / 100 g) of a composition described herein (for example, an arabinoxylan composition) may be determined. In some embodiments, a composition may have an antioxidant level of approximately 25,000 to approximately 50,000 (e.g., approximately 25,000 to approximately 35,000, approximately 25,000 to approximately 30,000, approximately 30,000 to approximately 35,000, approximately 30,000 to approximately 50,000, approximately 40,000 to approximately 50,000, approximately 27,000 to approximately 31,000 or approximately 28,000 to approximately 30,000) μmol of TE / 100 g.

[042] As described herein, a composition provided herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may have arabinoxylan as a major component. In some cases, a composition described herein (e.g., a composition of Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 33 / 202 27 / 90 arabinoxylan) can be characterized by the amounts of components other than arabinoxylan, such as carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash, or a combination thereof. Non-limiting examples of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan include cellulose, amylose, amylopectin, glucuronoxylan, glucuronoarabinoxylan, and glucomannan. For example, in some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include less than 10% (e.g., less than 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, or 1%) by dry weight of a combination of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, and ash. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include from about 4% to about 20% (e.g., about 4% to about 12%, about 4% to about 10%, about 4% to about 6%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 10%, about 6% to about 10%, about 5% to about 15%, about 8% to about 10%, about 8% to about 11%, about 10% to about 20% or about 15% to about 20%) by dry weight of a combination of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein and ash. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include from about 4% to about 12% (e.g., from about 4% to about 10%, from about 4% to about 8%, from about 4% to about 6%, from about 5% to about 12%, from about 8% to about 12%, from about 9% to about 12%, from about 5% to about 10%, from about 4% to about 6%, or from about 9% to about 10%) by dry weight of a combination of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, and ash.In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include less than about 1% (e.g., less than about 0.8%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05% or 0.01%) by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan. In some... Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 34 / 202 28 / 90 embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include from about 0% to about 1% (e.g., from about 0% to about 0.5%, from about 0% to about 0.1%, from about 0% to about 0.05%, from 0% to about 0.01%, or from about 0.5% to about 1%) by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include from about 0% to about 5% (e.g., from about 0% to about 3%, from about 0% to about 2%, from about 1% to about 5%, from about 3% to about 5%, or from about 3% to about 5%) by dry weight of sugar monomers. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include from about 0.5% to about 5% (e.g., about 0.5% to about 3%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 0.8% to about 1.2%, about 1% to about 5%, about 3% to about 5%, about 1% to about 4%, about 2% to about 4%, about 3% to about 4% or about 3.6% to about 4%) by dry weight of protein. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include from about 0.5% to about 6% (e.g., from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.8% to about 1.2%, from about 1% to about 3%, from about 1% to about 5%, from about 1% to about 6%, from about 3% to about 6%, from about 4% to about 5%, from about 4.5% to about 4.9%, or from about 5% to about 6%) by ash dry weight.

[043] In some cases, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may be designed to have few, if any, amounts of one or more particular components. For example, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may be designed to have no one or more particular components (e.g., one or more particular components that may be present within the starting material used to produce the composition). Such compositions may have improved odor or smell properties, visual appearance Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 35 / 202 29 / 90 or enhanced or desirable color and / or enhanced tastes or flavors compared to the starting material. In some cases, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may have a reduced amount of one or more components that may be present in a starting material (e.g., a lignocellulosic biomass). Corn syrups are common sweeteners, and the compositions described herein may, in some embodiments, have components other than corn syrups. For example, in some cases, corn syrups may include maltose, maltotriose, or a combination thereof.

[044] Consequently, in some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may lack maltose, maltotriose, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include maltose in an amount of less than about 15% by dry weight (e.g., less than about 12%, 10%, 5%, 2%, or 1% by dry weight). In some embodiments, a composition as described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may include maltotriose in an amount of less than about 15% by dry weight (e.g., less than about 12%, 10%, 5%, 2%, or 1% by dry weight).

[045] A composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may have any appropriate color. Without being limited by any particular theory, it is believed that polyphenols may contribute to the color of a composition to make it more brown; consequently, it is believed that a lighter-colored composition has a lower polyphenol content than a darker-colored composition. In some embodiments, a composition may be brown. In some embodiments, a composition (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may be light brown.

[046] This document also provides particular exemplary arabinoxylan compositions. For example, this document provides a composition Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 36 / 202 30 / 90 exemplary including: about 88% to about 90% (e.g., about 89%) by dry weight of arabinoxylan; less than about 1% (e.g., less than about 0.5% or 0.1%) by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan; about 3% to about 5% (e.g., about 4%) by dry weight of sugar monomers; about 0.5% to about 1.5% (e.g., about 1%) by dry weight of protein; about 0.5% to about 1.5% (e.g., about 1%) by dry weight of ash; and about 2% to about 12% by dry weight of polyphenols. The arabinoxylan in this exemplary composition may have a molecular weight (Mw) of about 5500 to about 5700 Da (e.g., about 5600 Da). The arabinoxylan in this composition may have a content of: about 5% to about 7% (e.g., about 6%) by dry weight of arabinose units, about 78% to about 82% (e.g., about 79% to about 81% or about 82%) by dry weight of xylose units, about 9% to about 11% (e.g., approximately 10%) by dry weight of glucose units, approximately 3% to approximately 5% (e.g., approximately 4%) by dry weight of galactose units, and less than approximately 1% (e.g., less than approximately 0.5% or 0.1%) by dry weight of mannose units. The composition may be light brown.

[047] As another example, this document provides another illustrative composition including: about 91% to about 93% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, less than about 1% (e.g., less than about 0.5% or 0.1%) by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan; about 0.5% to about 1.5% (e.g., about 1%) of sugar monomers; about 3% to about 4% (e.g., about 3.8%) by dry weight of protein; about 4% to about 5% (e.g., about 4.7%) by dry weight of ash; and about 1% to about 3% (e.g., about 2%) by dry weight of polyphenols. The arabinoxylan in this exemplary composition may have a molecular weight (Mw) of about 5700 to about 5900 Da (e.g., about 5800 Da). The arabinoxylan in this exemplary composition may have a molecular weight (Mn) of about 3200 to about 3400 Da (e.g., about 3300 Da). Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 37 / 202 31 / 90 Da). The arabinoxylan in this composition may have a content of: about 18% to about 20% (e.g., about 19%) by dry weight of arabinose units; about 62% to about 66% (e.g., about 63% to about 65% or about 64%) by dry weight of xylose units; about 12% to about 14% (e.g., about 13%) by dry weight of glucose units; about 3% to about 5% (e.g., about 4%) by dry weight of galactose units; and less than about 1% (e.g., less than about 0.5% or 0.1%) by dry weight of mannose units. The polyphenols in this composition may have a content of: about 0.001% to about 0.003% (e.g., about 0.002%) by dry weight of ferulic acid units; about 0.01% to about 0.02% (e.g., about 0.014%) by dry weight of gallic acid units; about 1% to about 2% (e.g., about 1.3%) by dry weight of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid units; about 0.01% to about 0.02% (e.g., about 0.014%) by dry weight of gallic acid units., approximately 0.016%) by dry weight of coumaric acid units; approximately 0.05% to approximately 0.07% (e.g., approximately 0.06%) by dry weight of syringic acid units; approximately 0.03% to approximately 0.05% (e.g., approximately 0.4%) by dry weight of sinapic acid units; approximately 0.05% to approximately 0.15% (e.g., 0.11%) by dry weight of rosmarinic acid units and approximately 0.004% to approximately 0.006% (e.g., approximately 0.005%) by dry weight of vanillin units. The composition may be light brown.

[048] In some cases, a composition given herein (e.g., a composition having about 90% to about 94% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 17% to about 21% by dry weight of arabinose units; about 62% to about 66% by dry weight of xylose units; about 12% to about 14% by dry weight of glucose units; about 3% to about 4% by dry weight of galactose units; about 8% to about 11% of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof; Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 38 / 202 The composition of 32 / 90 is approximately 5600 to approximately 6000 Da. Exemplary Composition 2 (Example 2) may provide prebiotic benefits. For example, it has been surprisingly discovered that administration of a composition provided herein (e.g., a composition having about 90% to about 94% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 17% to about 21% by dry weight of arabinose units; about 62% to about 66% by dry weight of xylose units; about 12% to about 14% by dry weight of glucose units; about 3% to about 4% by dry weight of galactose units; about 8% to about 11% of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof; and about 1% to about 3% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols, wherein the molecular weight (Mw) of the composition is about 5600 to about 6000 Da, or Exemplary Composition 2 (Example 2)) at, for example, about 7 grams and about 14 grams in a single dose twice daily, had a gastrointestinal tolerance that did not differ significantly from the gastrointestinal tolerance exhibited when a placebo composition was administered (see, e.g.(Example 8). Conversely, fiber supplements (e.g., arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS)) are generally considered less well-tolerated by the gastrointestinal system, causing, for example, gas and / or bloating, even when dosed at the lowest level used in Example 8 (approximately 7 grams per serving). See, for example, Cloetens, Lieselotte, et al. “Tolerance of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides and their prebiotic activity in healthy subjects: a randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over study”, British Journal of Nutrition 103.5 (2010): 703-713 and François, Isabelle EJA, et al. “Effects of a wheat bran extract containing arabinoxylan oligosaccharides on gastrointestinal health parameters in healthy adult human volunteers: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial”, British Journal of Nutrition 108.12 (2012): 2229-2242, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 39 / 202 33 / 90

[049] This document also provides products comprising any one or more of the compositions described herein. For example, this document provides sweetener compositions comprising any one or more of the compositions described herein. In some cases, a food product may be designed to include one or more of the compositions described herein. In some cases, a pharmaceutical composition or dietary supplement may be formulated to include one or more of the compositions described herein. Products comprising any one or more of the compositions provided herein may have advantages. Non-limiting examples of such advantages include a reduction in calories, a reduction in the glycemic index, the provision of soluble fiber, the provision of prebiotics, and the provision of antioxidants.Without being limited by any particular theory, arabinoxylan is believed to be a low-calorie carbohydrate and a source of soluble fiber that can be used by microbiome components to promote health. It is further believed that, in some cases, polyphenols and / or polyphenol units may act as antioxidants.

[050] In any of the consumable compositions (for example, sweetener compositions, food products, pharmaceutical compositions or dietary supplements) provided herein, a composition as described herein may be present in any appropriate quantity. For example, in some cases, a composition such as described herein may be present in an amount of about 500 mg to about 15 g (e.g., about 500 mg to about 1 g, about 500 mg to about 3 g, about 500 mg to about 5 g, about 500 mg to about 7 g, about 500 mg to about 10 g, about 500 mg to about 12 g, about 1 g to about 15 g, about 3 g to about 15 g, about 5 g to about 15 g, about 7 g to about 15 g, about 10 g to about 15 g, about 12 g to about 15 g, about 5 g to about 10 g or about 7 g to about 12 g) per serving. In some cases, a composition such as that described here may be present in an amount of at least 7 g (for example, Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 40 / 202 34 / 90 (at least 8g, 10g, 12g, 14g or 15g) per serving.

[051] Calorie content, glycemic index, soluble fiber content, prebiotic fiber content, and antioxidant content may be determined by any appropriate method. In some embodiments, the soluble fiber content may be equal to the arabinoxylan content (e.g., as a percentage by dry weight). In some embodiments, the prebiotic content may be equal to the arabinoxylan content (e.g., as a percentage by dry weight). In some embodiments, the antioxidant content may be equal to the polyphenol content (e.g., as a percentage by dry weight).

[052] This document also provides uses for any one or more of the compositions described herein. For example, this document provides the use of any one or more of the compositions described herein in a sweetener composition, food product, pharmaceutical composition and / or dietary supplement.

[053] A sweetening composition may be any suitable sweetening composition that is formulated to include one or more of the arabinoxylan-containing compositions described herein. For example, a composition provided herein may be combined with a traditional sweetener (e.g., a corn syrup) to produce a reduced-calorie and / or reduced-glycemic index sweetening composition. The combination may include any appropriate steps. In some embodiments, the combination may include mixing, combining, stirring, dissolving, emulsifying, or a combination thereof. For example, in some embodiments, dry glucose and a dry composition provided herein may be mixed together and, optionally, water may be added to form a syrup (e.g., at about 70% to about 80% dry matter). In some embodiments, a dry composition provided herein may be added to a glucose syrup (e.g., by mixing, combining, dissolving, or a combination thereof).In some embodiments, dry glucose may be added to a composition provided herein in the form of a syrup (e.g., by mixing, combining, dissolving, or a combination thereof). Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 41 / 202 35 / 90 In some embodiments, a glucose syrup may be combined (e.g., by mixing or combining) with a composition provided herein in the form of a syrup. One or more compositions (e.g., arabinoxylan compositions) as described herein may be combined with a traditional sweetener to form a sweetener. One or more compositions (e.g., arabinoxylan compositions) as described herein may be combined with a traditional sweetener in any appropriate ratio. For example, in some embodiments, a ratio of about 5% to about 90% (e.g., about 10% to about 90%, about 25% to about 90%, about 50% to about 90%, about 75% to about 90%, about 10% to about 25%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 75%, about 20% to about 80%, about 40% to about 60%, about 45% to about 55%, about 10% to about 30%, about 30% to about 50%, about 50% to about 70% or about 70% to about 90%) by dry weight or by volume of a composition given herein (e.g., a composition of arabinoxylan) can be combined with approximately 5% to approximately 90% (e.g., from about 10% to about 90%, from about 25% to about 90%, from about 50% to about 90%, from about 75% to about 90%, from about 10% to about 25%, from about 10% to about 50%, from about 10% to about 75%, from about 20% to about 80%, from about 40% to about 60%, from about 45% to about 55%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 50% to about 70% or from about 70% to about 90%) by dry weight or by volume of a traditional sweetener.

[054] In some cases, a sweetening composition provided herein may have desirable properties. For example, in some embodiments, a sweetening composition may be a solid. In some embodiments, a sweetening composition may be a liquid. In some cases, a sweetening composition provided herein may have a dextrose equivalent (DE) of about 35 to about 75 (for example, about 35 to about 65, about 35 to about 55, about 35 to about 45, about 45 to Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 42 / 202 36 / 90 approximately 75, approximately 55 to approximately 75, approximately 65 to approximately 75, approximately 42, approximately 53 or approximately 63). Without being limited by any particular theory, it is believed that a sweetener composition described herein with a DE that is within approximately 10 percent of that of a commercially available sweetener can be substituted in approximately equal volume (or within approximately 10 percent) by the commercially available sweetener. In some embodiments, a sweetener composition provided herein may have a glycemic index (GI) of about 10 to about 80 (e.g., about 10 to about 75, about 10 to about 50, about 10 to about 25, about 25 to about 80, about 50 to about 80, about 75 to about 80, about 35 to about 50, about 40 to about 50, or about 40 to about 45). The glycemic index of glucose (e.g., dextrose) is typically reported as being 100. The glycemic index of sucrose is typically reported as being 65.Without being limited by any particular theory, it is believed that sweeteners with lower GI values ​​may help maintain blood sugar and insulin levels and / or be useful in appetite control and weight loss. In some embodiments, a sweetener composition provided herein may have a calorie content of about 100 to about 225 (for example, about 100 to about 200, about 100 to about 175, about 100 to about 150, about 100 to about 125, about 125 to about 225, about 150 to about 225, about 175 to about 225, about 200 to about 225, about 125 to about 200, about 150 to about 200, about 175 to about 200 or about 180 to about 200) per 100 g of the sweetener composition.

[055] The properties described can be measured using any appropriate method. For example, a glycemic index (GI) can be measured using methods known in the art, for example, as described in “In vitro method for predicting glycemic index of foods using simulated digestion and an artificial neural network” RL Magaletta et al., Cereal Chemistry vol. 87, no. 4, 2010. For example, soluble fiber Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 43 / 202 37 / 90 can be measured by AOAC Official Methods of Analysis 2011.25. For example, in some embodiments, an ED can be measured using Lane-Eynon titration. In some embodiments, an ED can be determined using osmometry.

[056] A food product may be any suitable food product that is designed to include one or more of the arabinoxylan-containing compositions described herein. A food product may be a material that is used for food or beverages by humans or animals, chewing gum, or materials used for the components thereof (see, e.g., 21 USC § 321). In some embodiments, a food product may be a food (e.g., a solid food). For example, in some embodiments, a food product may be a pie filling, a biscuit (e.g., a chocolate biscuit), a candy (e.g., a caramel), a bar (e.g., a cereal bar or a granola bar), a pie, a bread, a cracker, a canned food (e.g., canned soup, canned fruit), or a dairy product (e.g., yogurt, ice cream). In some embodiments, a food product may be a sweetener (e.g., a solid sweetener or a sweetener in syrup, as described above).In some embodiments, a food product may be a beverage. For example, in some embodiments, a food product may be a juice (e.g., a juice cocktail), a soda, or an energy drink. In some embodiments, a food product may be chewing gum.

[057] A dietary supplement may be any appropriate dietary supplement that is designed to include one or more of the arabinoxylan-containing compositions described herein. In some cases, a dietary supplement may include medicinal products, natural health products, nutraceuticals, vitamins, minerals, protein supplements, and the like. A non-limiting example of a dietary supplement is a fiber supplement. In some cases, a fiber supplement provided herein may be in the form of a powder. In some cases, a dietary supplement provided herein may fall within the definition of a dietary supplement by a Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 44 / 202 38 / 90 regulatory agency (e.g., the United States Food and Drug Administration) under an appropriate statute (e.g., 21 USC § 321).

[058] A pharmaceutical composition may be any suitable pharmaceutical composition that is designed to include one or more of the arabinoxylan-containing compositions described herein. Typically, a pharmaceutical composition is formulated to include at least one active ingredient (e.g., one, two, three, four, five or more active ingredients, such as drugs) in a pharmaceutically effective amount. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein may be an oral pharmaceutical formulation. Typically, an oral pharmaceutical formulation includes a sweetener.

[059] This document also provides methods for preparing a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition). A composition described herein can be prepared using the methods described herein.

[060] A composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may, in some cases, be obtained from lignocellulosic biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass may include plant material that is not typically considered suitable for direct human digestion, such as hardwood or softwood, plant stalks and stems. Sources of lignocellulosic biomass that may be used to make a composition provided herein include, without limitation, straw (e.g., wheat straw), corn crop residues, sugarcane bagasse, hardwoods, softwoods and combinations thereof. Lignocellulosic biomass may be obtained as a byproduct of other industries, such as agriculture, forestry and energy plantations.

[061] In some cases, the methods described herein may include extracting hemicellulose from lignocellulosic biomass. The extraction of hemicellulose from lignocellulosic biomass may be carried out by any appropriate method. In some cases, a method described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 45 / 202 39 / 90 2018 / 0119188 or Publication of Patent Application PCT No. WO2016 / 161515, which are incorporated by reference in their entirety, can be used to extract hemicellulose from lignocellulosic biomass.

[062] In some embodiments, a lignocellulosic biomass can be combined with water, and the lignocellulosic biomass can be activated using conditions comprising a first temperature and a first pressure to form an activated cellulose stream (e.g., a first activation step). In some embodiments, a pre-activation step may precede a first activation step. A first activated cellulose stream may be washed to form a first washed activated cellulose stream and a first soluble extract.

[063] An exemplary method that can be used to produce a first soluble extract is shown in Figure 1. Lignocellulosic biomass 101 can be fed to reactor 103 in which lignocellulosic biomass 101 is subjected to a first activation step to produce a first activated cellulose stream 104. In the first activation step, lignocellulosic biomass 101 can be treated at elevated temperature and pressure to produce the first activated cellulose stream 104, e.g., comprising cellulose II and insoluble solids. The first activation step can be conducted in the presence of water. Water can be introduced into reactor 103 by one or more of the following: being present in lignocellulosic biomass 101, being present in reactor 103 when lignocellulosic biomass is introduced into reactor 103, or being introduced by the feed stream 102. Reactor 103 can be a series reactor or a continuous process reactor.In the case of a series reactor, lignocellulosic biomass 101 can be fed to reactor 103 and the reactor, which may be a stirred tank reactor, can be brought up to operating conditions for a desired time. If reactor 103 is a continuous flow reactor, then it can be a steam exposure reactor and can be maintained at the desired operating condition. The first activated cellulose stream. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 46 / 202 40 / 90 104 can be washed to extract soluble non-cellulosic components, such as arabinoxylan and some ash, extractives and lignin. The first stream of activated cellulose 104 and washing water 106 can be introduced into the washing reactor 105 to produce the soluble extract 107 and a first stream of washed activated cellulose 108. The washing reactor 105 can be any suitable reactor. Optionally, the washing reactor 105 can be operated countercurrently and can be a countercurrent belt filter. Other filtration or separation methods can be used, such as a filter press, double wire press, double roll press, rotary vacuum filter or a centrifuge.

[064] A lignocellulosic biomass may be any suitable feedstock. For example, lignocellulosic biomass may comprise one or more of straw, corn crop residues, bagasse, hardwoods, softwoods, energy crops and the like. The agricultural feedstock that is supplied may, in some cases, be treated to remove rocks, soil or other material present in the agricultural feedstock and to reduce the size of the agricultural or forestry feedstock that is fed into the process, such as by crushing, grinding, milling or other treatment. In some cases, a lignocellulosic biomass used to produce a composition described herein is wheat straw.

[065] In some cases, a pre-activation step may include treating lignocellulosic biomass (e.g., wheat straw) with steam. A pre-activation step may include any appropriate temperature, pressure, and duration. In some embodiments, the temperature of a pre-activation step may be from about 110 °C to about 150 °C (e.g., about 110 °C to about 140 °C, about 110 °C to about 130 °C, about 120 °C to about 150 °C, about 120 °C to about 140 °C, or about 125 °C to about 135 °C). In some modalities, the duration of a pre-activation phase can be from about 5 minutes to about 30 minutes (for example, about 5 minutes to about 25 minutes, about 5 minutes to about 15 minutes). Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 47 / 202 41 / 90 minutes, approximately 10 minutes to approximately 30 minutes, approximately 20 minutes to approximately 30 minutes, approximately 10 minutes to approximately 30 minutes, or approximately 13 minutes to approximately 17 minutes). In some modes, the pressure of a pre-activation step may be approximately 10 psi to approximately 20 psi (e.g., approximately 10 to approximately 15 psi, approximately 15 to approximately 20 psi, approximately 10 psi, approximately 15 psi, or approximately 20 psi).

[066] In some cases, a first activation step can be conducted under conditions that increase the amount of cellulose II in the first activated cellulose stream relative to the amount of cellulose II in the raw material.

[067] The temperature of a first activation step can be any appropriate temperature. In some cases, the temperature of a first activation step can be greater than 190 °C (e.g., greater than 200 °C, 210 °C, 220 °C, 230 °C, or 240 °C). In some embodiments, the temperature of a first activation step can be less than about 250 °C (e.g., less than 240 °C, 230 °C, or 220 °C). In some embodiments, the temperature of a first activation step may be from about 190 °C to about 250 °C (for example, about 190 °C to about 230 °C, 190 °C to about 225 °C, about 190 °C to about 210 °C, about 210 °C to about 250 °C, about 230 °C to about 250 °C, about 200 °C to about 240 °C, about 210 °C to about 230 °C, about 215 °C to about 225 °C, or about 221 °C to about 223 °C).

[068] The amount of moisture introduced in the first activation step can be any appropriate amount. In some embodiments, the amount of moisture can be at least about 30% (e.g., at least about 40% or at least about 50%) based on lignocellulosic biomass plus moisture. In some embodiments, the amount of moisture can be less than 90% (e.g., less than 80%, 70%, or 60%). In some embodiments, the amount of moisture in the first activation step can be about 50%. In Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 48 / 202 42 / 90 In some modalities, the amount of moisture in the first activation stage can be from about 10% to about 65% (e.g., about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 65%, about 30% to about 65%, about 40% to about 65%, about 50% to about 65%, about 20% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, or about 35% to about 55%).

[069] The moisture in the first activation stage can be in the form of water vapor or liquid. It will be evaluated that the temperature and pressure of the first activation stage can be selected such that it is liquid water in the first activation stage. It will be evaluated that the temperature and pressure of the first activation stage can be selected such that vapor is present in the first activation stage.

[070] The pressure of a first activation stage can be any appropriate pressure. In some embodiments, the pressure may be at least about 200 psig (e.g., at least about 250, 300, or 350 psig). In some embodiments, the pressure may be less than 500 psig (e.g., less than about 450 or 400 psig). Without being limited by any particular theory, the pressure in a reactor is believed to correspond to the temperature according to saturated vapor thermodynamics as a minimum. In some embodiments, the pressure may be increased beyond and above this value by adding a pressurized gas or by adding superheat.

[071] The duration of the first activation stage can be any appropriate duration. In some modalities, the first activation stage may be less than 30 minutes (e.g., less than 20, 10, or 5 minutes). In some modalities, the duration of the first activation stage may be from about 1 minute to about 30 minutes (e.g., about 1 to about 20 min, about 1 to about 15 min, about 1 to about 10 min, about 5 to about 30 min, about 10 to about 30 min, about 1 to about 30 min, about Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 49 / 202 43 / 90 from 20 to about 30 min, from about 5 to about 25 min, from about 5 to about 15 min or from about 8 to about 12 min). It will be assessed that the duration of the first activation stage may vary depending on many factors, including the severity of the first activation stage, e.g., the temperature and pressure of the first activation stage.

[072] It will be assessed that temperatures, pressures and treatment duration can be combined in any desired combination. Consequently, for example, the first activation step may include subjecting lignocellulosic biomass to a pressure between 200 and 500 psig and a temperature between 200 and 250 °C for 1 to 30 minutes, or a pressure between 200 and 500 psig and a temperature between 190 and 215 °C for less than 4 minutes. As another example, a pre-activation step may include subjecting lignocellulosic biomass to steam treatment for about 13 to about 17 minutes (e.g., about 15 minutes) at a pressure of about 13 to about 17 psi (e.g., about 15 psi) and a temperature of about 125 °C to about 135 °C (e.g., about 130 °C). As yet another example, a first activation step might involve subjecting lignocellulosic biomass (e.g., lignocellulosic biomass that has undergone a pre-activation step) for approximately 8 to 12 minutes (e.g., approximately 10 minutes) at a pressure of approximately 300 to approximately 340 psi (e.g., approximately 305 to approximately 335 psi) and a temperature of approximately 215 °C to approximately 230 °C (e.g., approximately 222 °C).

[073] A first activated cellulose stream may have any appropriate solids content. For example, a first activated cellulose stream may have a solids content between about 30% and 50% solids by weight. In some cases, the solids may be primarily cellulose. In some cases, the solids may include lignin, arabinoxylan and / or minor components such as ash, protein or extractives.

[074] A first activated cellulose stream can be washed to form a first washed activated cellulose stream and a first soluble extract. A Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 50 / 202 44 / 90 first activated cellulose stream can be washed with water. The water may include any appropriate solutes. In some embodiments, the washing water may have a temperature of about 40 °C to about 100 °C (for example, about 40 °C to about 80 °C, about 40 °C to about 60 °C, about 60 °C to about 100 °C, about 80 °C to about 100 °C, about 50 °C to about 90 °C, about 60 °C to about 80 °C, about 70 °C to about 90 °C or about 55 °C to about 65 °C). In some embodiments, the washing water may have a temperature of about 25 °C to about 95 °C (for example, about 25 °C to about 75 °C, about 25 °C to about 50 °C, about 50 °C to about 95 °C, about 75 °C to about 95 °C, about 25 °C to about 50 °C or about 25 °C to about 75 °C).

[075] A first soluble extract can be separated from a first washed activated cellulose stream by any appropriate method. In some embodiments, a first soluble extract can be separated from a first washed cellulose stream by filtration (e.g., vacuum filtration).

[076] A first soluble extract (e.g., including arabinoxylan) may undergo further processing steps in some cases. In some embodiments, the first soluble extract may undergo one or more additional steps to form a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition).

[077] Processing may include any appropriate steps. In some embodiments, processing steps may include one or more of: carbon treatment (e.g., activated charcoal) or nanofiltration, in any appropriate order. It will be evaluated what other techniques may also be used. In some embodiments, processing may not include carbon treatment (e.g., activated charcoal).

[078] Carbon treatment may involve treating a first soluble extract (or a first soluble extract that has undergone one or more processing steps) with carbon (e.g., activated charcoal). Loading Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 51 / 202 45 / 90 carbon can be any suitable loading. For example, carbon (e.g., activated charcoal) can be used in a loading of about 0.05% to about 0.3% (e.g., 0.05% to about 0.2%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.3%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, or about 0.05% to about 0.15%) by dry weight of one or more components in the composition (e.g., arabinoxylan). Without being limited by any particular theory, it is believed that a loading of about 0.1% or less (e.g., less than about 0.09%, 0.08%, 0.07%, or 0.06%) by dry weight of one or more components in the composition (e.g., arabinoxylan) can increase the yield of arabinoxylan by mixing the amount of arabinoxylan adsorbed by the carbon.

[079] Nanofiltration (e.g., of a first soluble extract or a first soluble extract that has undergone one or more processing steps) may include any appropriate conditions. In some cases, nanofiltration may use a filter with a pore size of about 0.01 to about 10 nm (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.05 nm, about 0.04 to about 0.05 nm, about 0.05 to about 0.1 nm, about 0.1 to about 0.5 nm, about 0.5 to about 1 nm, about 1 to about 5 nm, or about 5 to about 10 nm). In some cases, nanofiltration may use a filter with a pore size of about 1 to about 10 nm (e.g., about 1 to about 5 nm or about 5 to about 10 nm). Without being limited by any particular theory, it is believed that nanofiltration can remove low molecular weight impurities, ions and / or water and concentrate the composition, and that protein removal can help reduce foam formation in a composition such as that described here.In some embodiments, depending on the pore size, nanofiltration can be used to decrease the amount of protein in a composition described herein. For example, in some embodiments, nanofiltration can use a filter with a molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of about 100 Da to about 250 kDa (e.g., about 100 Da to about 500 Da, about 100 Da to about...). Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 52 / 202 46 / 90 of 1 kDa, about 1 kDa to about 3 kDa, about 1 kDa to about 10 kDa, about 10 kDa to about 30 kDa, about 10 kDa to about 50 kDa, about 50 kDa to about 100 kDa or about 100 kDa to about 250 kDa). In some embodiments, nanofiltration may include two filtration steps, using differently classified pores (e.g., a large pore size, and then a smaller pore size), such as any of the pore sizes described herein. For example, a first filtration may be performed using a filter with an MWCO of about 100 kDa to about 250 kDa (e.g., about 100 kDa to about 200 kDa or about 150 kDa to about 250 kDa). For example, a second filtration can be performed using a filter with an MWCO of about 100 Da to about 30 kDa (for example,, approximately 100 Da to approximately 500 Da, approximately 100 Da to approximately 1 kDa, approximately 1 kDa to approximately 5 kDa, approximately 1 kDa to approximately 10 kDa, approximately 5 kDa to approximately 15 kDa, approximately 10 kDa to approximately 30 kDa, or approximately 15 kDa to approximately 30 kDa). In some embodiments, a retentate or filtration solids (e.g., comprising one or more proteins) may be retained for further purification or another use. Consequently, a retentate or filtration solids (e.g., comprising one or more proteins) produced by the methods described herein are provided here.

[080] In some embodiments, a first soluble extract can be processed by sequentially treating with carbon and nanofiltration to form a composition.

[081] In some embodiments, a first soluble extract can be processed by nanofiltration to form a composition.

[082] In some cases, a composition containing arabinoxylan can be prepared by other methods as well. For example, a composition containing high molecular weight arabinoxylan can be obtained from a commercial supplier. The composition containing high molecular weight arabinoxylan can, in some cases, Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 53 / 202 47 / 90 have an alkaline pH. In some embodiments, the arabinoxylan of a composition containing high molecular weight arabinoxylan may have a molecular weight (Mw) of at least about 20 kDa (e.g., at least about 30, 50, 75, or 100 kDa). In some embodiments, the high molecular weight arabinoxylan may have a molecular weight (Mw) of about 20 kDa to about 300 kDa (eg, about 20 to about 250 kDa, about 20 to about 200 kDa, about 20 to about 150 kDa, about 20 to about 100 kDa, about 20 to about 50 kDa, about 50 to about 300 kDa, about 100 to about 300 kDa, about 150 to about 300 kDa, about 200 to about 200 kDa, about 250 to about 300 kDa, or about 100 to about 200 kDa).

[083] A composition containing high molecular weight arabinoxylan can be treated to reduce the molecular weight (Mw) to form a reduced mass arabinoxylan. In some embodiments, alkaline conditions can be used to reduce the molecular weight of high molecular weight arabinoxylan. In some modalities, alkaline conditions may include a pH of 9.5 to approximately 11.5 (e.g., approximately 9.5 to approximately 11.0, approximately 9.5 to approximately 10.5, approximately 9.5 to approximately 10.0, approximately 10.0 to approximately 11.5, approximately 10.0 to approximately 11.0, approximately 10.0 to approximately 10.5, approximately 10.5 to approximately 11.5, approximately 10.5 to approximately 11.0, approximately 11.0 to approximately 11.5, approximately 9.5, approximately 10.0, approximately 10.5, approximately 11.0, or approximately 11.5). Without being limited by any particular theory, a reduction in molecular weight is believed to be related to pH, duration, temperature, and treatment pressure. In some applications, the pressure may be atmospheric pressure.In some modalities, the duration of alkaline treatment can be from about 30 minutes to about 8 hours (for example, about 30 minutes to about 6 hours, about 30 minutes to about 4 hours, about 30 minutes to about 2 hours, about 30 minutes to about 1 hour, about 1 hour to about 8 hours, about 2 hours to about 8 hours, about 4 hours to about 8 hours, about 1 hour to about 6 hours). Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 54 / 202 48 / 90 hours or approximately 2 to approximately 4 hours). In some embodiments, the temperature may be approximately 60 °C to approximately 150 °C (for example, approximately 60 °C to approximately 120 °C, approximately 60 °C to approximately 100 °C, approximately 60 °C to approximately 80 °C, approximately 70 °C to approximately 150 °C, approximately 90 °C to approximately 150 °C, approximately 110 °C to approximately 150 °C, approximately 130 °C to approximately 150 °C, approximately 80 °C to approximately 130 °C or approximately 100 °C to approximately 110 °C). Alkaline treatment may reduce the molecular weight to a desired molecular weight, depending on the conditions. In some embodiments, the molecular weight (Mw) of the alkali-treated arabinoxylan can be from about 5,500 to about 6,000 Da (for example, about 5,500 to about 5,900 Da, about 5,500 to about 5,700 Da, about 5,600 to about 6,000 Da, about 5,700 to about 6,000 Da or about 5,700 to about 5,900 Da).

[084] A reduced-mass arabinoxylan can be processed using any appropriate steps to form a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition). In some embodiments, a reduced-mass arabinoxylan composition can be processed using any of the steps described herein of a composition described herein. In some embodiments, a reduced-mass arabinoxylan can undergo carbon treatment (e.g., activated charcoal) or nanofiltration, in any appropriate order, to form a composition (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition). In some embodiments, a composition made of a reduced-mass arabinoxylan can be used in any of the applications (e.g., in a sweetener, in a food product, in a pharmaceutical composition, or in a dietary supplement) described herein.

[085] In some embodiments, a reduced-mass arabinoxylan may be combined with a first soluble extract, in any appropriate ratio. For example, about 25% to about 75% (e.g., about 25% to about 50%, about 50% to about 75%, about 25%, about 50% or about 75%) by weight Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 55 / 202 49 / 90 dry reduced-mass arabinoxylan can be combined with about 25% to about 75% (e.g., about 25% to about 50%, about 50% to about 75%, about 25%, about 50%, or about 75%) by dry weight of a first soluble extract. Such combination, in some embodiments, may involve treatment with carbon (e.g., activated charcoal), or nanofiltration, in any appropriate order, to form a composition.

[086] A composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may be dried (e.g., partially or completely dried). A composition may be dried using any appropriate method. For example, in some embodiments, a composition described herein (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) may be dried using spray drying, bed drying, or freeze-drying.

[087] Concentration of the composition (e.g., an arabinoxylan composition) can be carried out, for example, by evaporation or reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis can also be used to pre-concentrate the arabinoxylan followed by evaporation. Any appropriate concentration method and any appropriate drying method can be used. A non-limiting example of an evaporation method to preserve flavor and / or color is falling film evaporation under vacuum. Other non-limiting examples of drying methods that can preserve flavor and / or color are freeze-drying or spray drying. Examples of Modalities

[088] Modality 1 is a composition comprising: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 3100 Da to about 8400 Da.

[089] Modality 2 is a composition comprising: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight (Mw) of at least about Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 56 / 202 50 / 90 4800 Da.

[090] Modality 3 is a composition comprising: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 5% to about 40% by dry weight of arabinose units.

[091] Modality 4 is a composition comprising: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 60% to about 85% by dry weight of xylose units.

[092] Modality 5 is a composition comprising: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 12% to about 14% by dry weight of glucose units.

[093] Modality 6 is a composition comprising: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 2% to about 6% by dry weight of galactose units.

[094] Modality 7 is a composition comprising: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises less than about 1% by dry weight of mannose units.

[095] Modality 8 is a composition comprising: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units is about 0.05 to about 0.65.

[096] Modality 9 is a composition comprising: Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 57 / 202 51 / 90 approximately 80% to approximately 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises glucose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units is approximately 0.10 to approximately 0.25.

[097] Modality 10 is a composition comprising: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan; and about 1% to about 14% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

[098] Embodiment 11 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 1 to 10, comprising about 88% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan.

[099] Embodiment 12 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 1 to 11, comprising from about 90% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan.

[0100] Modality 13 is a composition comprising: about 80% to about 96% by dry weight of arabinoxylan; and about 4% to about 20% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers except arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein and ash.

[0101] Modality 14 is a composition comprising: about 80% to about 95% dry weight arabinoxylan; about 4% to about 20% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers except arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein and ash; and about 1% to about 14% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

[0102] Embodiment 15 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 1 to 12, comprising about 88% to about 90% by dry weight of arabinoxylan.

[0103] Modality 16 is the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 13, comprising about 90% to about 95% by dry weight. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 58 / 202 52 / 90 arabinoxylan.

[0104] Modality 17 is the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 14, comprising from about 91% to about 93% by dry weight of arabinoxylan.

[0105] Embodiment 18 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 12 or 15 to 17, comprising from about 4% to about 20% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers except arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof.

[0106] Embodiment 19 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 18, comprising from about 4% to about 12% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers except arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof.

[0107] Embodiment 20 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 12 or 15 to 19, comprising from about 6% to about 10% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers except arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof.

[0108] Embodiment 21 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 12 or 15 to 20, comprising from about 5% to about 7% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers except arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof.

[0109] Embodiment 22 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 12 or 15 to 19, comprising about 8% to about 10% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers except arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof.

[0110] Modality 23 is the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 9, 11 to 13 or 15 to 22, comprising from about 1% to about 14% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 59 / 202 53 / 90

[0111] Modality 24 is the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 23, comprising from about 1% to about 12% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

[0112] Modality 25 is the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 24, comprising from about 2% to about 5% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

[0113] Modality 26 is the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 25, comprising from about 5% to about 10% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

[0114] Embodiment 27 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 26, comprising from about 1% to about 3% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

[0115] Modality 28 is the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 27, comprising from about 1% to about 2% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

[0116] Embodiment 29 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 2 or 4 to 28, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises from about 5% to about 40% by dry weight of arabinose units.

[0117] Embodiment 30 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 29, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 5% to about 25% by dry weight of arabinose units.

[0118] Embodiment 31 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 30, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 5% to about 15% by dry weight of arabinose units.

[0119] Embodiment 32 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 30, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 10% to about 20% by dry weight of arabinose units. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 60 / 202 54 / 90

[0120] Embodiment 33 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 30, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 15% to about 25% by dry weight of arabinose units.

[0121] Embodiment 34 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 31, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 5% to about 7% by dry weight of arabinose units.

[0122] Embodiment 35 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 30, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 18% to about 20% by dry weight of arabinose units.

[0123] Embodiment 36 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 3 or 5 to 35, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 60% to about 85% by dry weight of xylose units.

[0124] Embodiment 37 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 36, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 60% to about 70% by dry weight of xylose units.

[0125] Embodiment 38 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 36, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 70% to about 80% by dry weight of xylose units.

[0126] Embodiment 39 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 36, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 75% to about 85% by dry weight of xylose units.

[0127] Embodiment 40 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 37, in which arabinoxylan comprises about 62% to about 66% by dry weight of xylose units.

[0128] Embodiment 41 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 36, wherein arabinoxylan comprises about 78% to about 82% by dry weight of xylose units. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 61 / 202 55 / 90

[0129] Embodiment 42 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 4 or 6 to 41, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 8% to about 15% by dry weight of glucose units.

[0130] Embodiment 43 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 42, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 10% to about 15% by dry weight of glucose units.

[0131] Embodiment 44 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 42, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 9% to about 11% by dry weight of glucose units.

[0132] Embodiment 45 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 42, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 12% to about 14% by dry weight of glucose units.

[0133] Embodiment 46 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 5 or 7 to 45, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 2% to about 6% by dry weight of galactose units.

[0134] Embodiment 47 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 46, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 3% to about 5% by dry weight of galactose units.

[0135] Embodiment 48 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 6 or 8 to 47, in which the arabinoxylan comprises less than about 1% by dry weight of mannose units.

[0136] Embodiment 49 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 48, in which the arabinoxylan comprises less than about 0.5% by dry weight of mannose units.

[0137] Embodiment 50 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 7 or 9 to 49, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of arabinose units and Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 62 / 202 56 / 90 units of xylose is approximately 0.05 to approximately 0.65.

[0138] Embodiment 51 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 50, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units is from about 0.05 to about 0.35.

[0139] Embodiment 52 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 51, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units is from about 0.05 to about 0.15.

[0140] Embodiment 53 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 51, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units is from about 0.15 to about 0.25.

[0141] Embodiment 54 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 51, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units is from about 0.25 to about 0.35.

[0142] Embodiment 55 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 51, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units is from about 0.06 to about 0.10.

[0143] Embodiment 56 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 51, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units is from about 0.28 to about 0.32.

[0144] Modality 57 is the composition according to any of modalities 1 to 8 or 10 to 56, in which arabinoxylan comprises units of Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 63 / 202 57 / 90 glucose and xylose units, and the molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units is about 0.10 to about 0.25.

[0145] Embodiment 58 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises glucose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units is from about 0.15 to about 0.25.

[0146] Embodiment 59 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises glucose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units is from about 0.10 to about 0.20.

[0147] Embodiment 60 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises glucose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units is from about 0.11 to about 0.15.

[0148] Embodiment 61 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises glucose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units is from about 0.18 to about 0.22.

[0149] Embodiment 62 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 61, wherein the composition comprises less than about 1% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan.

[0150] Embodiment 63 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 62, wherein the composition comprises less than about 0.5% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan.

[0151] Modality 64 is the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 63, in which the composition comprises from about 0.5% to about 5% by dry weight of protein. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 64 / 202 58 / 90

[0152] Modality 65 is the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 64, in which the composition comprises about 1% to about 4% by dry weight of protein.

[0153] Modality 66 is the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 64, in which the composition comprises about 0.8% to about 1.2% by dry weight of protein.

[0154] Modality 67 is the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 65, in which the composition comprises about 3.6% to about 4% by dry weight of protein.

[0155] Modality 68 is the composition according to any of modalities 1 to 67, in which the composition comprises from about 0.5% to about 6% by dry weight of ash.

[0156] Modality 69 is the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 68, in which the composition comprises from about 1% to about 5% by dry weight of ash.

[0157] Modality 70 is the composition according to any of modalities 1 to 69, wherein the composition comprises from about 1% to about 3% by dry weight of ash.

[0158] Modality 71 is the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 68, in which the composition comprises from about 0.8% to about 1.2% by dry weight of ash.

[0159] Modality 72 is the composition according to any of modalities 1 to 68, wherein the composition comprises about 4.5% to about 4.9% by dry weight of ash.

[0160] Embodiment 73 is the composition according to any of embodiments 3 to 72, in which the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 3100 to 8400 Da. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 65 / 202 59 / 90

[0161] Embodiment 74 is the composition according to any of embodiments 1 or 3 to 73, in which the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight of at least 4800 Da.

[0162] Embodiment 75 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 1 to 74, wherein the composition has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 5,500 to 6,000 Da.

[0163] Embodiment 76 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 1 to 75, where the composition has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 5500 to 5700 Da.

[0164] Embodiment 77 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 1 to 76, wherein the composition has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 5600 to 5800 Da.

[0165] Embodiment 78 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 1 to 77, wherein the composition has a molecular weight (Mn) of about 3,000 to 3,500 Da.

[0166] Embodiment 79 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 1 to 78, where the composition has a molecular weight (Mn) of about 3200 to 3400 Da.

[0167] Embodiment 80 is the composition according to any of embodiments 10 to 12 or 14 to 79, wherein one or more polyphenols comprise units selected from the group consisting of ferulic acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, coumaric acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, rosmarinic acid, vanillin and combinations thereof.

[0168] Embodiment 81 is the composition according to either embodiment 10 to 12 or 14 to 80, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.001% to about 0.005% by dry weight of ferulic acid units.

[0169] Modality 82 is the composition according to any of the Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 66 / 202 60 / 90 modalities 10 to 12 or 14 to 81, wherein the composition comprises approximately 0.001% to approximately 0.003% by dry weight of ferulic acid units.

[0170] Embodiment 83 is the composition according to either embodiment 10 to 12 or 14 to 82, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.01% to about 0.05% by dry weight of gallic acid units.

[0171] Embodiment 84 is the composition according to any of embodiments 10 to 12 or 14 to 83, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.01% to about 0.03% by dry weight of gallic acid units.

[0172] Embodiment 85 is the composition according to any of embodiments 10 to 12 or 14 to 84, wherein the composition comprises about 1% to about 2% by dry weight of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid units.

[0173] Embodiment 86 is the composition according to any of embodiments 10 to 12 or 14 to 85, wherein the composition comprises about 1.0% to about 1.5% by dry weight of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid units.

[0174] Embodiment 87 is the composition according to any of embodiments 10 to 12 or 14 to 86, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.01% to about 0.05% by dry weight of coumaric acid units.

[0175] Embodiment 88 is the composition according to either embodiment 10 to 12 or 14 to 87, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.01% to about 0.03% by dry weight of coumaric acid units.

[0176] Embodiment 89 is the composition according to any of embodiments 10 to 12 or 14 to 88, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.05% to about 0.1% by dry weight of syringic acid units.

[0177] Embodiment 90 is the composition according to any of embodiments 10 to 12 or 14 to 89, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.05% to about 0.07% by dry weight of syringic acid units.

[0178] Modality 91 is the composition according to any of the Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 67 / 202 61 / 90 modalities 10 to 12 or 14 to 90, wherein the composition comprises approximately 0.1% to approximately 0.5% by dry weight of sinapic acid units.

[0179] Embodiment 92 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 10 to 12 or 14 to 91, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.3% to about 0.5% by dry weight of sinapic acid units.

[0180] Embodiment 93 is the composition according to any of embodiments 10 to 12 or 14 to 92, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.05% to about 0.3% by dry weight of rosmarinic acid units.

[0181] Embodiment 94 is the composition according to any of embodiments 10 to 12 or 14 to 93, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.1% to about 0.2% by dry weight of rosmarinic acid units.

[0182] Modality 95 is the composition according to any of the modalities 10 to 12 or 14 to 94, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.001% to about 0.01% by dry weight of vanillin units.

[0183] Embodiment 96 is the composition according to any of embodiments 10 to 12 or 14 to 95, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.004% to about 0.006% by dry weight of vanillin units.

[0184] Modality 97 is the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 96, in which the composition is light brown.

[0185] Modality 98 is the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 97, in which the composition has an antioxidant level of about 25,000 to about 50,000 μmol TE / 100 g.

[0186] Modality 99 is the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 98, in which the composition has an antioxidant level of about 25,000 to about 35,000 μmol TE / 100 g.

[0187] Modality 100 is the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 99, wherein the composition comprises epigallocatechin gallate. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 68 / 202 62 / 90

[0188] Modality 101 is a composition comprising: about 88% to about 90% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises: about 5% to about 7% dry weight arabinose units; approximately 78% to approximately 82% by dry weight of xylose units; approximately 9% to approximately 11% by dry weight of glucose units; approximately 3% to approximately 4% by dry weight of galactose units; about 4% to about 6% of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash, or a combination thereof; and about 3% to about 11% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols, wherein the molecular weight (Mw) of the composition is about 5400 to about 5800 Da.

[0189] Modality 102 is a composition comprising: about 90% to about 94% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises: about 17% to about 21% dry weight arabinose units; approximately 62% to approximately 66% by dry weight of xylose units; approximately 12% to approximately 14% by dry weight of glucose units; approximately 3% to approximately 4% by dry weight of galactose units; about 8% to about 11% of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash, or a combination thereof; and about 1% to about 3% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols, wherein the molecular weight (Mw) of the composition is about 5600 to about 6000 Da.

[0190] Modality 103 is the composition according to any of the Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 69 / 202 63 / 90 modalities 101 to 102, where the molecular weight (Mn) of the composition is approximately 3100 to approximately 3500 Da.

[0191] Embodiment 104 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 101 to 103, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.001% to about 0.003% by dry weight of ferulic acid units.

[0192] Embodiment 105 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 101 to 104, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.01% to about 0.02% by dry weight of gallic acid units.

[0193] Embodiment 106 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 101 to 105, wherein the composition comprises about 1.0% to about 1.5% by dry weight of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid units.

[0194] Embodiment 107 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 101 to 106, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.01% to about 0.02% by dry weight of coumaric acid units.

[0195] Embodiment 108 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 101 to 107, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.05% to about 0.07% by dry weight of syringic acid units.

[0196] Embodiment 109 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 101 to 108, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.3% to about 0.5% by dry weight of sinapic acid units.

[0197] Embodiment 110 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 101 to 109, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.1% to about 0.2% by dry weight of rosmarinic acid units.

[0198] Embodiment 111 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 101 to 110, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.004% to about 0.006% by dry weight of vanillin units.

[0199] Modality 112 is the composition according to any of the Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 70 / 202 64 / 90 modalities 101 to 111, in which the composition has an antioxidant level of approximately 27,000 to approximately 31,000 μmol of TE / 100 g.

[0200] Modality 113 is the composition according to any of the modalities 101 to 112, wherein the composition comprises epigallocatechin gallate.

[0201] Modality 114 is a food product comprising the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 113.

[0202] Modality 115 is a dietary supplement comprising the composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 113.

[0203] Embodiment 116 is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the composition according to any of embodiments 1 to 113.

[0204] Modality 117 is the food product of modality 114, the dietary supplement of modality 115 or the pharmaceutical composition of modality 116, wherein the composition according to any of modalities 1 to 113 is present in an amount of at least 7 g per serving.

[0205] Modality 118 is the food product of modality 114, the dietary supplement of modality 115 or the pharmaceutical composition of modality 116, wherein the composition according to any of modalities 1 to 113 is present in an amount of at least 10 g per serving.

[0206] Modality 119 is the food product of modality 114, the dietary supplement of modality 115 or the pharmaceutical composition of modality 116, wherein the composition according to any of modalities 1 to 113 is present in an amount of at least 12 g per serving.

[0207] Modality 120 is the food product of modality 114, the dietary supplement of modality 115 or the pharmaceutical composition of modality 116, wherein the composition according to any of modalities 1 to 113 is present in an amount of at least 14 g per serving. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 71 / 202 65 / 90

[0208] Modality 121 is the use of a composition in accordance with any of the modalities 1 to 113 in a food product.

[0209] Modality 122 is the use of a composition according to any of the modalities 1 to 113 in a dietary supplement.

[0210] Embodiment 123 is the use of a composition according to any of the embodiments 1 to 113 in a pharmaceutical composition.

[0211] Modality 124 is the use in accordance with any of the modalities 121 to 123, wherein the composition in accordance with any of the modalities 1 to 113 is present in an amount of at least 7 g per serving.

[0212] Modality 125 is the use in accordance with any of the modalities 121 to 123, in which the composition in accordance with any of the modalities 1 to 113 is present in an amount of at least 10 g per serving.

[0213] Modality 126 is the use in accordance with any of the modalities 121 to 123, wherein the composition in accordance with any of the modalities 1 to 113 is present in an amount of at least 12 g per serving.

[0214] Modality 127 is the use in accordance with any of the modalities 121 to 123, wherein the composition in accordance with any of the modalities 1 to 113 is present in an amount of at least 14 g per serving.

[0215] Modality 128 is a method of preparing a composition comprising: to provide lignocellulosic biomass; to combine lignocellulosic biomass with water; activate lignocellulosic biomass and water using conditions comprising an initial temperature and a initial pressure to form an initial current Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 72 / 202 66 / 90 of activated cellulose; Wash the first activated cellulose stream to form a first washed activated cellulose stream and a first soluble extract, wherein the first soluble extract comprises arabinoxylan; and process the first soluble extract to form a composition.

[0216] Modality 129 is the method of modality 128, where the first temperature is from about 190 °C to about 225 °C.

[0217] Modality 130 is the method of modality 128 or modality 129, where the first pressure is about 200 to about 500 psig.

[0218] Modality 131 is the method in accordance with any of the modalities 128 to 130, in which the activation step lasts from about 1 to about 30 minutes.

[0219] Modality 132 is the method according to any one of modalities 128 to 131, in which washing comprises washing with water at a temperature of about 40 °C and about 100 °C.

[0220] Modality 133 is the method in accordance with any one of modalities 128 to 132, in which the processing comprises one or more of the treatments with carbon, nanofiltration or a combination thereof.

[0221] Modality 134 is the method of modality 133, in which the carbon treatment is the treatment with activated charcoal.

[0222] Embodiment 135 is the method of embodiment 133 or embodiment 134, wherein the carbon treatment comprises using carbon in an amount of about 0.05% to about 0.15% by dry weight of the arabinoxylan in the first soluble extract.

[0223] Modality 136 is the method in accordance with any of the modalities 128 to 135, in which the processing comprises, sequentially, carbon treatment and nanofiltration to form the composition. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 73 / 202 67 / 90

[0224] Embodiment 137 is the method according to any of the embodiments 133 to 136, in which nanofiltration comprises filtration using a pore size of about 0.01 to about 10 nm.

[0225] Embodiment 138 is the method of embodiment 137, in which nanofiltration comprises filtration using a pore size of about 0.04 to about 0.05 nm.

[0226] Embodiment 139 is the method of embodiment 137, in which nanofiltration comprises filtration using a pore size of about 1 to about 10 nm.

[0227] Modality 140 is the method in accordance with any of the modalities 137 to 139, in which processing does not include carbon treatment.

[0228] Embodiment 141 is the method according to any of the embodiments 128 to 140, further comprising, before processing, adding a reduced mass arabinoxylan to the first soluble extract.

[0229] Modality 142 is the method of the modality according to any of the modalities 128 to 141, further comprising drying the composition.

[0230] Modality 143 is the method in accordance with any of the modalities 128 to 142, in which the composition comprises: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 3100 Da to about 8400 Da.

[0231] Modality 144 is the method in accordance with any of the modalities 128 to 142, in which the composition comprises: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight (Mw) of at least about 4800 Da. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 74 / 202 68 / 90

[0232] Modality 145 is the method in accordance with any of the modalities 128 to 142, in which the composition comprises: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 5% to about 25% by dry weight of arabinose units.

[0233] Modality 146 is the method in accordance with any of the modalities 128 to 142, in which the composition comprises: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 60% to about 85% by dry weight of xylose units.

[0234] Modality 147 is the method in accordance with any of the modalities 128 to 142, in which the composition comprises: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 12% to about 14% by dry weight of glucose units.

[0235] Modality 148 is the method in accordance with any of the modalities 128 to 142, in which the composition comprises: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 2% to about 6% by dry weight of galactose units.

[0236] Modality 149 is the method in accordance with any of the modalities 128 to 142, in which the composition comprises: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises less than about 1% by dry weight of mannose units.

[0237] Modality 150 is the method in accordance with any of the modalities 128 to 142, in which the composition comprises: Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 75 / 202 69 / 90 approximately 80% to approximately 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units is approximately 0.05 to approximately 0.65.

[0238] Modality 151 is the method in accordance with any of the modalities 128 to 142, in which the composition comprises: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises glucose units and xylose units, and the molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units is about 0.10 to about 0.25.

[0239] Modality 152 is the method in accordance with any of the modalities 128 to 142, in which the composition comprises: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan; and about 1% to about 14% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

[0240] Embodiment 153 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 152, in which the composition comprises about 88% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan.

[0241] Embodiment 154 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 152, in which the composition comprises about 90% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan.

[0242] Modality 155 is the method in accordance with any of the modalities 128 to 152, in which the composition comprises: about 80% to about 96% by dry weight of arabinoxylan; and about 4% to about 20% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers except arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein and ash.

[0243] Modality 156 is the method in accordance with any of the modalities 128 to 155, in which the composition comprises: Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 76 / 202 70 / 90 about 80% to about 95% dry weight arabinoxylan; about 4% to about 20% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers except arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof; and about 1% to about 14% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

[0244] Embodiment 157 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 156, in which the composition comprises about 88% to about 90% by dry weight of arabinoxylan.

[0245] Embodiment 158 ​​is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 157, in which the composition comprises about 90% to about 95% by dry weight of arabinoxylan.

[0246] Embodiment 159 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 158, in which the composition comprises about 91% to about 93% by dry weight of arabinoxylan.

[0247] Embodiment 160 is the method according to any of embodiments 143 to 154 or 156 to 159, wherein the composition comprises from about 4% to about 20% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof.

[0248] Embodiment 161 is the method according to any of embodiments 143 to 160, wherein the composition comprises from about 4% to about 12% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof.

[0249] Embodiment 162 is the method according to any of embodiments 143 to 161, wherein the composition comprises about 6% to about 10% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof.

[0250] Modality 163 is the method in accordance with any of the Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 77 / 202 71 / 90 embodiments 143 to 162, wherein the composition comprises about 5% to about 7% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers except arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof.

[0251] Embodiment 164 is the method according to any of embodiments 143 to 162, wherein the composition comprises about 8% to about 10% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof.

[0252] Embodiment 165 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 151, 153 to 155 or 157 to 164, in which the composition comprises from about 1% to about 14% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

[0253] Embodiment 166 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 165, in which the composition comprises from about 1% to about 12% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

[0254] Embodiment 167 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 166, in which the composition comprises from about 2% to about 5% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

[0255] Embodiment 168 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 167, in which the composition comprises from about 5% to about 10% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

[0256] Embodiment 169 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 168, in which the composition comprises from about 1% to about 3% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

[0257] Embodiment 170 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 169, in which the composition comprises from about 1% to about 2% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

[0258] Modality 171 is the method according to any of the modalities 143 to 144 or 146 to 170, in which arabinoxylan comprises approximately Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 78 / 202 72 / 90% to approximately 40% by dry weight of arabinose units.

[0259] Embodiment 172 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 171, in which the arabinoxylan comprises about 5% to about 25% by dry weight of arabinose units.

[0260] Embodiment 173 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 171, in which the arabinoxylan comprises about 5% to about 15% by dry weight of arabinose units.

[0261] Embodiment 174 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 171, in which the arabinoxylan comprises about 10% to about 20% by dry weight of arabinose units.

[0262] Embodiment 175 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 171, in which the arabinoxylan comprises about 15% to about 25% by dry weight of arabinose units.

[0263] Embodiment 176 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 172, in which the arabinoxylan comprises about 5% to about 7% by dry weight of arabinose units.

[0264] Embodiment 177 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 171, in which the arabinoxylan comprises about 18% to about 20% by dry weight of arabinose units.

[0265] Embodiment 178 is the method according to either of embodiments 143 to 145 or 147 to 177, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises about 60% to about 85% by dry weight of xylose units.

[0266] Embodiment 179 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 178, in which the arabinoxylan comprises about 60% to about 70% by dry weight of xylose units.

[0267] Modality 180 is the method according to any of the modalities 143 to 178, in which arabinoxylan comprises about 70% to about Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 79 / 202 73 / 90 of 80% by dry weight of xylose units.

[0268] Embodiment 181 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 178, in which the arabinoxylan comprises about 75% to about 85% by dry weight of xylose units.

[0269] Embodiment 182 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 178, in which the arabinoxylan comprises about 62% to about 66% by dry weight of xylose units.

[0270] Embodiment 183 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 178, in which the arabinoxylan comprises about 78% to about 82% by dry weight of xylose units.

[0271] Embodiment 184 is the method according to either of the embodiments 143 to 146 or 148 to 183, in which the arabinoxylan comprises about 8% to about 15% by dry weight of glucose units.

[0272] Embodiment 185 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 184, in which the arabinoxylan comprises about 10% to about 15% by dry weight of glucose units.

[0273] Embodiment 186 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 184, in which the arabinoxylan comprises about 9% to about 11% by dry weight of glucose units.

[0274] Embodiment 187 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 184, in which the arabinoxylan comprises about 12% to about 14% by dry weight of glucose units.

[0275] Embodiment 188 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 147 or 149 to 187, in which the arabinoxylan comprises from about 2% to about 6% by dry weight of galactose units.

[0276] Modality 189 is the method according to any of the modalities 143 to 188, in which arabinoxylan comprises about 3% to about Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 80 / 202 74 / 90% galactose units by dry weight.

[0277] Embodiment 190 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 148 or 150 to 189, in which the arabinoxylan comprises less than about 1% by dry weight of mannose units.

[0278] Embodiment 191 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 190, in which the arabinoxylan comprises less than about 0.5% by dry weight of mannose units.

[0279] Embodiment 192 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 149 or 151 to 191, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units is from about 0.05 to about 0.65.

[0280] Embodiment 193 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 192, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units is from about 0.05 to about 0.35.

[0281] Embodiment 194 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 193, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units is from about 0.05 to about 0.15.

[0282] Embodiment 195 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 193, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units is from about 0.15 to about 0.25.

[0283] Embodiment 196 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 193, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units is from about 0.25 to about 0.35. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 81 / 202 75 / 90

[0284] Embodiment 197 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 194, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units is from about 0.06 to about 0.10.

[0285] Embodiment 198 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 193, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises arabinose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units is from about 0.28 to about 0.32.

[0286] Embodiment 199 is the method according to either of embodiments 143 to 150 or 152 to 198, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises glucose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units is from about 0.10 to about 0.25.

[0287] Embodiment 200 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 199, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises glucose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units is from about 0.15 to about 0.25.

[0288] Embodiment 201 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 200, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises glucose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units is from about 0.10 to about 0.20.

[0289] Embodiment 202 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 200, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises glucose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units is from about 0.11 to about 0.15.

[0290] Embodiment 203 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 200, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises glucose units and xylose units, and a molar ratio of glucose units and xylose units. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 82 / 202 76 / 90 is approximately 0.18 to approximately 0.22.

[0291] Embodiment 204 is the method according to any of embodiments 143 to 203, in which the composition comprises less than about 1% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan.

[0292] Embodiment 205 is the method according to any of embodiments 143 to 204, in which the composition comprises less than about 0.5% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan.

[0293] Modality 206 is the method according to any of the modalities 143 to 205, in which the composition comprises from about 0.5% to about 5% by dry weight of protein.

[0294] Modality 207 is the method according to any of the modalities 143 to 206, in which the composition comprises about 1% to about 4% by dry weight of protein.

[0295] Modality 208 is the method according to any of the modalities 143 to 206, in which the composition comprises about 0.8% to about 1.2% by dry weight of protein.

[0296] Modality 209 is the method according to any of the modalities 143 to 207, in which the composition comprises about 3.6% to about 4% by dry weight of protein.

[0297] Modality 210 is the method according to any of the modalities 143 to 209, in which the composition comprises from about 0.5% to about 6% by dry weight of ash.

[0298] Modality 211 is the method according to any of the modalities 143 to 210, in which the composition comprises from about 1% to about 5% by dry weight of ash.

[0299] Modality 212 is the method according to any of the modalities 143 to 211, in which the composition comprises from about 1% to about Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 83 / 202 77 / 90% dry weight ash.

[0300] Modality 213 is the method according to any of the modalities 143 to 210, in which the composition comprises about 0.8% to about 1.2% by dry weight of ash.

[0301] Modality 214 is the method according to any of the modalities 143 to 210, in which the composition comprises about 4.5% to about 4.9% by dry weight of ash.

[0302] Embodiment 215 is the method according to any of the embodiments 135 to 214, in which the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 3100 to 8400 Da.

[0303] Embodiment 216 is the composition according to any of the embodiments 143 or 145 to 215, in which the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight of at least 4800 Da.

[0304] Embodiment 217 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 216, in which the composition has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 5500 to 6000 Da.

[0305] Embodiment 218 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 217, in which the composition has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 5500 to 5700 Da.

[0306] Embodiment 219 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 218, in which the composition has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 5600 to 5800 Da.

[0307] Embodiment 220 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 219, in which the composition has a molecular weight (Mn) of about 3,000 to 3,500 Da.

[0308] Embodiment 221 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 220, in which the composition has a molecular weight (Mn) of about Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 84 / 202 78 / 90 from 3200 to 3400 Da.

[0309] Embodiment 222 is the method according to any of the embodiments 152 to 154 or 156 to 221, in which one or more polyphenols comprise units selected from the group consisting of ferulic acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, coumaric acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, rosmarinic acid, vanillin and combinations thereof.

[0310] Embodiment 223 is the method according to any of the embodiments 152 to 154 or 156 to 22, in which the composition comprises from about 0.001% to about 0.005% by dry weight of ferulic acid units.

[0311] Embodiment 224 is the method according to either embodiment 152 to 154 or 156 to 223, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.001% to about 0.003% by dry weight of ferulic acid units.

[0312] Embodiment 225 is the method according to any of the embodiments 152 to 154 or 156 to 224, in which the composition comprises from about 0.01% to about 0.05% by dry weight of gallic acid units.

[0313] Embodiment 226 is the method according to either embodiment 152 to 154 or 156 to 225, in which the composition comprises from about 0.01% to about 0.03% by dry weight of gallic acid units.

[0314] Embodiment 227 is the method according to either embodiment 152 to 154 or 156 to 226, wherein the composition comprises about 1% to about 2% by dry weight of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid units.

[0315] Embodiment 228 is the method according to any of the embodiments 152 to 154 or 156 to 227, in which the composition comprises about 1.0% to about 1.5% by dry weight of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid units.

[0316] Embodiment 229 is the method according to any of the embodiments 152 to 154 or 156 to 228, in which the composition comprises from about 0.01% to about 0.05% by dry weight of coumaric acid units. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 85 / 202 79 / 90

[0317] Embodiment 230 is the method according to either embodiment 152 to 154 or 156 to 229, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.01% to about 0.03% by dry weight of coumaric acid units.

[0318] Embodiment 231 is the method according to any of the embodiments 152 to 154 or 156 to 230, in which the composition comprises from about 0.05% to about 0.1% by dry weight of syringic acid units.

[0319] Embodiment 232 is the method according to any of the embodiments 152 to 154 or 156 to 231, in which the composition comprises from about 0.05% to about 0.07% by dry weight of syringic acid units.

[0320] Embodiment 233 is the method according to any of the embodiments 152 to 154 or 156 to 232, in which the composition comprises from about 0.1% to about 0.5% by dry weight of sinapic acid units.

[0321] Embodiment 234 is the method according to either of the embodiments 152 to 154 or 156 to 233, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.3% to about 0.5% by dry weight of sinapic acid units.

[0322] Embodiment 235 is the method according to any of the embodiments 152 to 154 or 156 to 234, in which the composition comprises from about 0.05% to about 0.3% by dry weight of rosmarinic acid units.

[0323] Embodiment 236 is the method according to either embodiment 152 to 154 or 156 to 235, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.1% to about 0.2% by dry weight of rosmarinic acid units.

[0324] Embodiment 237 is the method according to either of embodiments 152 to 154 or 156 to 236, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.001% to about 0.01% by dry weight of vanillin units.

[0325] Embodiment 238 is the method according to any of the embodiments 152 to 154 or 156 to 237, in which the composition comprises from about 0.004% to about 0.006% by dry weight of vanillin units. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 86 / 202 80 / 90

[0326] Modality 239 is the method in accordance with any of the modalities 143 to 238, in which the composition is light brown.

[0327] Embodiment 240 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 239, in which the composition has an antioxidant level of about 25,000 to about 50,000 μmol TE / 100 g.

[0328] Embodiment 241 is the method according to any of the embodiments 143 to 240, in which the composition has an antioxidant level of about 25,000 to about 35,000 μmol TE / 100 g.

[0329] Modality 242 is the method according to any of the modalities 143 to 241, in which the composition comprises epigallocatechin gallate.

[0330] Modality 243 is a composition prepared by the method according to any of the modalities 128 to 242.

[0331] Modality 244 is a food product comprising a composition prepared by the method according to any of modalities 128 to 242.

[0332] Modality 245 is a dietary supplement comprising a composition prepared by the method according to any of the modalities 128 to 242.

[0333] Embodiment 246 is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition prepared by the method according to any of embodiments 128 to 242.

[0334] Embodiment 247 is the food product of embodiment 243, the dietary supplement of embodiment 244 or the pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 245, in which the composition prepared by the method according to any of embodiments 128 to 242 is present in an amount of at least 7 g per serving. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 87 / 202 81 / 90

[0335] Embodiment 248 is the food product of embodiment 243, the dietary supplement of embodiment 244 or the pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 245, in which the composition prepared by the method according to any of embodiments 128 to 242 is present in an amount of at least 10 g per serving.

[0336] Embodiment 249 is the food product of embodiment 243, the dietary supplement of embodiment 244 or the pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 245, in which the composition prepared by the method according to any of embodiments 128 to 242 is present in an amount of at least 12 g per serving.

[0337] Embodiment 250 is the food product of embodiment 243, the dietary supplement of embodiment 244 or the pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 245, in which the composition prepared by the method according to any of embodiments 128 to 242 is present in an amount of at least 14 g per serving.

[0338] Modality 251 is the use of a composition prepared by the method according to any of the modalities 128 to 242 in a food product.

[0339] Embodiment 252 is the use of a composition prepared by the method according to any of embodiments 128 to 242 in a pharmaceutical composition.

[0340] Modality 253 is the use of a composition prepared by the method according to any of the modalities 128 to 242 in a dietary supplement.

[0341] Embodiment 255 is the use in accordance with any of the embodiments 251 to 253, wherein the composition prepared by the method in accordance with any of the embodiments 128 to 242 is present in an amount of at least 7 g per serving.

[0342] Modality 256 is the use in accordance with any of the Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 88 / 202 82 / 90 modalities 251 to 253, in which the composition prepared by the method according to any of the modalities 128 to 242 is present in an amount of at least 10 g per serving.

[0343] Embodiment 257 is the use in accordance with any of the embodiments 251 to 253, wherein the composition prepared by the method in accordance with any of the embodiments 128 to 242 is present in an amount of at least 12 g per serving.

[0344] Embodiment 258 is the use in accordance with any of the embodiments 251 to 253, wherein the composition prepared by the method in accordance with any of the embodiments 128 to 242 is present in an amount of at least 14 g per serving. EXAMPLES Example 1

[0345] Wheat straw was treated using steam for a specified temperature and time (activation step; see, e.g., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018 / 0119188, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), which renders the crude arabinoxylan water-soluble.

[0346] The material was water extracted, and the unprocessed liquid arabinoxylan was removed by vacuum filtration to form a first soluble extract.

[0347] The first soluble extract was treated with a minimum amount of carbon (0.1% (w / w)) to remove compounds that can obstruct downstream membranes (e.g., soluble lignin and protein), but in order to minimize AX yield losses, preventing AX (with attached polyphenol groups) from adsorbing to the carbon.

[0348] The resulting arabinoxylan was then treated using nanofiltration to remove degradation compounds and impurities, such as salts and plant-based inorganics. The membrane size was chosen to preserve the yield. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 89 / 202 83 / 90 of AX (e.g., minimize the amount of AX that is filtered out with the impurities). This step also removes water and concentrates the AX before evaporation into a syrup or drying into a powder.

[0349] AX relatively pure (e.g., greater than about 90%) including polyphenols and color was then evaporated into a concentrated syrup or dried into a powder. Example 2

[0350] Table 1 shows exemplary arabinoxylan compositions prepared by the process of Example 1. The exemplary compositions had an antioxidant level of approximately 29000 μmol TE / 100 g. Table 1 Example Composition 1 Example Composition 2 Composition (percent dry weight of composition) AX 89 92 Other NSP 0 0 Monomers 4 1 Protein 1 3.8 Ash 1 4.7 AX Composition (percent dry weight of AX) Arabinose 6 19 Xylose 80 64 Glucose 10 13 Galactose 4 4 ​​Mannose 0 0 A:X Ratio 0.08 0.30 Gluc:X Ratio 0.13 0.20 Molecular Weight 5600 (Mw) 5800 (Mw) 3300 (Mn) Polyphenol Units (percent dry weight of composition) Ferulic # 0.002 Gallic # 0.014 4-Hydroxybenzoic # 1.325 Coumaric # 0.016 Syringic # 0.061 Sinapic # 0.391 Rosmarinic # 0.114 Vanillin # 0.005 Total polyphenols 3 to 11 1.928 Light brown color Light brown Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, pages 90 / 202 84 / 90 #: Not Determined Example 3

[0351] Wheat straw is treated with steam at about 110 °C to about 150 °C (e.g., about 130 °C) for about 5 minutes to about 30 minutes (e.g., about 15 minutes) at a pressure of about 10 psi to about 20 psi (e.g., about 15 psi) in a pre-activation step. The ratio of steam to wheat straw is about 0.1 to about 1.0 (for example, about 0.1 to about 0.8, about 0.1 to about 0.5, about 0.1 to about 0.3, about 0.3 to about 1, about 0.5 to about 1, about 0.8 to about 1, about 0.3 to about 0.5, about 0.3 to about 0.8, or about 0.5 to about 0.8). The straw is then treated with steam at about 200°C to about 240°C (e.g., about 222°C) for about 5 minutes to about 20 minutes (e.g., about 10 minutes) at a pressure of about 300 psi to about 350 psi (e.g., about 305 to about 335 psi). The ratio of steam to wheat straw is about 0.1 to about 2.0 (e.g.,, about 0.1 to about 1.5, about 0.1 to about 1.0, about 0.1 to about 0.5, about 0.5 to about 2.0, about 1.0 to about 2.0, about 1.5 to about 2.0, about 0.5 to about 1.5, about 0.5 to about 1.0, or about 1.0 to about 1.5).

[0352] The material is extracted with water at a temperature of about 25 °C to about 95 °C (e.g., about 25 °C to about 75 °C, about 25 °C to about 50 °C, about 50 °C to about 95 °C, about 75 °C to about 95 °C, about 25 °C to about 50 °C, or about 25 °C to about 75 °C), and the arabinoxylan solution is removed by vacuum filtration. Example 4

[0353] An unprocessed arabinoxylan (e.g., the unprocessed arabinoxylan of Example 3) is treated with about 0.05% to about 0.15% (e.g., 0.1% (w / w)) of activated charcoal to remove compounds that can obstruct downstream membranes (e.g., soluble lignin and protein), but in a way that minimizes the Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, pp. 91 / 202 85 / 90 yield losses of AX, preventing AX (with attached polyphenol groups) from adsorbing onto carbon.

[0354] The resulting composition is then treated using nanofiltration to remove degradation compounds and impurities, such as salts and plant-based inorganics. The membrane size is chosen to preserve the AX yield (e.g., minimize the amount of AX that is filtered with the impurities). This step also removes water and concentrates the AX before evaporation into a syrup or drying into a powder.

[0355] AX relatively pure (e.g., greater than about 90%) including polyphenols and color is then evaporated into a concentrated syrup or dried into a powder.

[0356] Some properties of the prepared AX are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Table 2. Property Composition according to Example 4 Color brown Antioxidant level (μmol TE / 100g) 25000 to 35000 Table 3. Composition according to Example 4 Composition (percent by dry weight of composition) AX 88 to 95 Other NSP 0 to 1 Monomers 0 to 5 Protein 0.5 to 6 Ash 0.5 to 6 AX composition (percent by dry weight of AX) Arabinose 5 to 25 Xylose 60 to 85 Glucose 5 to 20 Galactose 2 to 6 Mannose 0 to 1 A:X ratio 0.05 to 0.35 Glucose:X ratio 0.10 to 0.25 Molecular weight 5500 to 6000 (Mw) 3000 to 3500 (Mn) Polyphenol units (percent by dry weight of composition) Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 92 / 202 86 / 90 Ferulic 0.0005 to 0.005 Gallic 0.005 to 0.02 4-Hydroxybenzoic 0.5 to 2 Coumaric 0.005 to 0.025 Syringic 0.01 to 0.1 Sinapic 0.2 to 0.6 Rosmarinic 0.05 to 0.3 Vanillin 0.001 to 0.01 Total polyphenols 1 to 12 Example 5

[0357] A high molecular weight arabinoxylan preparation is obtained from a commercial supplier. The high molecular weight arabinoxylan preparation (which may have bound polyphenols and a higher molecular weight, e.g., greater than about 20 kDa (e.g., about 30 to about 300 kDa) and may have an alkaline pH (e.g., about 9 to about 14)) is treated under alkaline conditions, in the presence or absence of an oxidizing agent and additives that may improve the performance of the oxidizing agent, and at elevated temperatures. In some cases, the temperature is between 60 °C and 200 °C (e.g., about 90 °C) for a period of 30 minutes to 8 hours (e.g., about 2 to 4 hours). In general, the higher the temperature, the shorter the time used. Typically, temperatures above 100 °C are not used, as they usually involve a pressurized system which is more complicated and expensive. The resulting arabinoxylan has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 5500 to about 6000 Da. Example 6

[0358] The arabinoxylan made in Example 5 is combined with a first soluble extract (e.g., the first soluble extract from Example 1). The combined arabinoxylan is treated with activated charcoal and nanofiltration, for example, as in Example 4. Example 7

[0359] The arabinoxylan made in Example 5 is treated with activated charcoal and nanofiltration as described in Example 4. Example 8 Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 93 / 202 87 / 90 A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study to Investigate the Effect of Arabinoxylan on Gastrointestinal Tolerance in Generally Healthy Adults

[0360] This study was conducted as a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial with a screening visit (Visit 1; Week -1) and 3 test periods [Test Period 1 (Visits 2 and 3; Weeks 0 to 3), Test Period 2 (Visits 4 and 5; Weeks 5 to 8) and Test Period 3 (Visits 6 and 7; Weeks 10 to 13)] separated by minimum washout periods of 2 weeks. The subjects consumed 11.6 g of maltodextrin / day (placebo), 5.8 g of maltodextrin / day and 7.25 g of Exemplary Composition 2 (Table 1) / day (providing 6.37 g of arabinoxylan fiber / day) or 14.5 g of Exemplary Composition 2 (Table 1) / day (providing 12.74 g of arabinoxylan fiber / day) for 3 weeks.Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were assessed using various outcome measures collected from the Gastrointestinal Tolerability Questionnaire (GITQ), which was completed during the 7 days prior to the start of any intervention (baseline, Week 0) and before the end of each 3-week Trial Period.

[0361] The subjects were men and women, aged 21 to 65 years (inclusive), each with a body mass index (BMI) of 18.5 to 35.0 kg / m2 (inclusive) and regular bowel movements (by self-report). Study Product a. Placebo: 11.6 g of maltodextrin / day b. Active ingredient 1: 5.8 g of maltodextrin / day and 7.25 g of Exemplary Composition 2 / day, which releases 6.37 g of arabinoxylan fiber / day. c. Active ingredient 2: 14.5 g of Exemplary Composition 2 / day, which releases 12.74 g of arabinoxylan fiber / day.

[0362] The subjects were instructed to consume the study product daily for 3 weeks. The subjects received opaque sachets containing the Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 94 / 202 88 / 90 study participants were instructed to mix the components of each sachet thoroughly with 16 ounces of water and consume the entire beverage, then rinse the beverage container with some water and consume the additional water to ensure that all of the study product was consumed. Consumption of the study product was completed within 10 minutes to 1 hour at a time. The study product was consumed twice daily, once in the morning and once in the evening, with or without food. Resultado Primário

[0363] The area under the curve (AUC) of the GITQ composite score was measured daily during the three test periods. População de Análise

[0364] Two sample populations were analyzed: Modified Intention-to-Treat (mITT) and Per-Protocol (PP). The mITT population (n = 44) included all randomized subjects who completed the appropriate study questionnaires / procedures. The PP population (n = 36) is a subset of the mITT population, in which subjects were excluded due to early termination / withdrawal of consent (n = 3), failure to replicate the diet (n = 3), non-compliance (n = 1), excessive change in body weight during the trial duration unrelated to the study product (n = 1), and influenza with concomitant medication use during the treatment period (n = 1). Statistical Analysis Method

[0365] The AUC for the GI component tolerance score over the treatment period, restricted to 21 days, was calculated using the trapezoidal approximation: ian— dian_1) * (escoren+ escoren_1)

[0366] Two subjects had a period of 20 days. Due to the non-linearity of the residuals, the AUC was classified and modeled with a mixed linear model with a random intercept for the subject nested in the sequence. The method of Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 95 / 202 89 / 90 reverse elimination was used to select a final adjusted model considering the following fixed effects: sequence, period, and prior treatment. Results

[0367] There were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) in the AUC of the GITQ composite score (Tables 4 and 5). Table 4. AUC for GITQ Composite Score for the mITT Population Product Mean unadjusted (range) Model-derived estimate (95% CI)2 P1 value P1 value n = 42 to 44 n = 42 to 44 vs. placebo vs. 7.25 g of Exemplary Composition 2 Placebo 10.00 (0.00, 94.00) 60.89 (49.60, 72.18) 14.5 g of Exemplary Composition 2 14.50 (0.00, 96.50) 67.15 (55.98, 78.32) 0.170 0.880 7.25 g of Exemplary Composition 2 11.75 (0.00, 157.50) 67.83 (56.66, 79.00) 0.130 1The final adjusted model considered the sequence, period, baseline, and previous product. A classification-based transformation was used. 2The model was based on classification; the estimate derived from the model reflects the classification of the GITQ composite score. Abbreviations: AX, arabinoxylan; CI, confidence interval; n, sample size; SD, standard deviation; SEM, standard error of the mean. Table 5. AUC for GITQ Composite Score for the PP Population Product Mean unadjusted (range) Estimate derived from the model (95% CI)2 P1 value P1 value n = 36 n = 36 vs. placebo vs. 7.25 g of Sample Composition Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 96 / 202 90 / 90 2 Placebo 11.00 (0.00, 94.00) 62.63 (50.12, 75.14) 14.5 g of Exemplary Composition 2 15.00 (0.00, 96.50) 69.53 (57.01, 82.05) 0.190 0.750 7.25 g of Exemplary Composition 2 12.75 (0.00, 157.50) 67.86 (55.35, 80.38) 0.320 1The final adjusted model considered the sequence, period, baseline, and previous product. A classification-based transformation was used. 2The model was based on classification; the estimate derived from the model reflects the classification of the GITQ composite score. Abbreviations: AX, arabinoxylan; CI, confidence interval; n, sample size; SD, standard deviation; SEM, standard error of the mean. Summary

[0368] Compared with placebo, daily consumption of 7.25 g and 14.5 g of Exemplary Composition 2 (providing 6.37 g and 12.74 g of arabinoxylan fiber, respectively) for 3 weeks did not affect GI tolerance. OTHER MODALITIES

[0369] It should be understood that, although the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the preceding description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages and modifications are within the scope of the following claims. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 97 / 202

Claims

1 / 5 CLAIMS 1. Composition CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 5500 Da to about 8400 Da.

2. Composition CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: about 80% to about 95% by dry weight of arabinoxylan; about 4% to about 20% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers except arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein and ash; and about 1% to about 14% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

3. Composition, according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED in that the arabinoxylan comprises one or more of the following: about 5% to about 40% by dry weight of arabinose units; about 60% to about 85% by dry weight of xylose units; about 8% to about 15% by dry weight of glucose units; about 2% to about 6% by dry weight of galactose units; less than about 1% by dry weight of mannose units; arabinose units and xylose units, wherein the molar ratio of arabinose units to xylose units is about 0.05 to about 0.65; or glucose units and xylose units, wherein the molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units is about 0.10 to about 0.

25.

4. Composition, according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED in that the composition comprises one or more of the following: less than about 1% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers except arabinoxylan; about 0.5% to about 5% by dry weight of protein; or about 0.5% to about 6% by dry weight of ash.

5. Composition according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED in that the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 3100 to 8400 Da. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 98 / 202 2 / 5 6. Composition according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the composition has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 5500 to 6000 Da.

7. Composition according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED in that one or more polyphenols comprise units selected from the group consisting of ferulic acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, coumaric acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, rosmarinic acid, vanillin and combinations thereof.

8. Composition, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the composition has an antioxidant level of about 25,000 to about 50,000 μmol TE / 100 g.

9. Composition CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: about 88% to about 90% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises: about 5% to about 7% by dry weight of arabinose units; about 78% to about 82% by dry weight of xylose units; about 9% to about 11% by dry weight of glucose units; about 3% to about 4% by dry weight of galactose units; about 4% to about 6% of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof; and about 3% to about 11% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols, wherein the molecular weight (Mw) of the composition is about 5400 to about 5800 Da.

10. Composition, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: about 90% to about 94% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, wherein the arabinoxylan comprises: about 17% to about 21% by dry weight of arabinose units; Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 99 / 202 3 / 5 about 62% to about 66% by dry weight of xylose units; about 12% to about 14% by dry weight of glucose units; about 3% to about 4% by dry weight of galactose units; about 8% to about 11% of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof; and about 1% to about 3% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols, wherein the molecular weight (Mw) of the composition is about 5600 to about 6000 Da.

11. Food product, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises the composition as defined in claim 2.

12. Dietary supplement, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises the composition as defined in claim 2.

13. Pharmaceutical composition, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises the composition as defined in claim 2.

14. Method for preparing a composition, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: providing a lignocellulosic biomass; combining the lignocellulosic biomass with water; activating the lignocellulosic biomass and water using conditions comprising a first temperature and a first pressure to form a first activated cellulose stream; washing the first activated cellulose stream to form a first washed activated cellulose stream and a first soluble extract, wherein the first soluble extract comprises arabinoxylan; and processing the first soluble extract to form a composition comprising about 80% to about 99% by dry weight of arabinoxylan, in Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 100 / 202 4 / 5, wherein the arabinoxylan has a molecular weight (Mw) of about 5500 Da to about 8400 Da.

15. Method, according to claim 14, CHARACTERIZED in that the processing comprises one or more of the treatments with carbon, nanofiltration or a combination thereof.

16. Method according to claim 14, CHARACTERIZED in that the processing comprises sequentially carbon treatment and nanofiltration to form the composition.

17. Method according to claim 14, CHARACTERIZED in that the processing does not include carbon treatment.

18. Method according to claim 14, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises, prior to processing, adding a reduced-mass arabinoxylan to the first soluble extract.

19. Method, according to claim 14, CHARACTERIZED in that the composition comprises: about 80% to about 95% by dry weight of arabinoxylan; about 4% to about 20% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers other than arabinoxylan, sugar monomers, protein, ash or a combination thereof; and about 1% to about 14% by dry weight of one or more polyphenols.

20. Method according to claim 19, CHARACTERIZED in that the arabinoxylan comprises one or more of the following: about 5% to about 40% by dry weight of arabinose units; about 60% to about 85% by dry weight of xylose units; about 8% to about 15% by dry weight of glucose units; about 2% to about 6% by dry weight of galactose units; less than about 1% by dry weight of mannose units; arabinose units and xylose units, wherein the molar ratio of arabinose units and xylose units is about 0.05 to about 0.65; or glucose units and xylose units, wherein the molar ratio of glucose units to xylose units is about 0.10 to about 0.

25.

21. Method, according to claim 19, CHARACTERIZED in that the composition comprises one or more of the following: less than about 1% by dry weight of carbohydrate polymers except arabinoxylan; about 0.5% to about 5% by dry weight of protein; or about 0.5% to about 6% by dry weight of ash. Petition 870250075703, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, p. 102 / 202

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