METHOD, SYSTEM AND DEVICE FOR MONITORING VEHICLES

Abstract

A system (1) of monitoring a vehicle (3) having a truck (5) and at least one connected vehicle sub-unit (7), the system (1) comprising: at least one data collection device (11) and a server (31). The data collection device (11) is configured to: receive (120) signals (13) transmitted by one or more sensor units (15, 16) in the vicinity of the truck (5); and send (150), to a server (31), sensor data (23, 27) based on the signals (13). The server (31) is configured to: receive (112) a selection (17) of one or more selected sensor units (15) that are associated with the vehicle (3); receive (151) sensor data (23, 27); and identify (160) based on the sensor data (23, 27) whether one or more additional sensor units (16), that is not one of the selected sensor units (1), is following the truck (5). In some examples the server (31) is further configured to send control signals (41) to the vehicle (3) and / or sensor units (15, 16).

Description

1 / 50 METHOD, SYSTEM AND DEVICE FOR MONITORING VEHICLES Technical Field

[001] This description refers to telematic methods, systems and devices for vehicle monitoring. This includes the collection and transmission of data associated with a vehicle, such as a motor vehicle or truck with trailer(s), for record keeping, regulatory reporting and / or fleet management purposes. Fundamentals

[002] There are commercial reasons, as well as compliance requirements mandated by governments, for accessing information on the weight of heavy vehicle or truck combinations. A heavy vehicle combination is a truck or tractor pulling one or more trailers. Registration information on the weight of a heavy vehicle combination typically includes: identification information; the order of the trailer(s) connected to the tractor or truck; individual axle weights or axle groups; and the total weight of the combination. In the context of such road systems, it should be understood that weight and mass are related concepts, and the reference to weight is considered inclusive of mass.

[003] Trucks and tractors pulling multiple trailers are becoming more popular globally due to increased safety and compliance technology and the growing willingness of governments to allow the use of these larger, heavier, and more complex combinations. For example, heavy vehicle combinations in Australia can be complex due to a combination of factors, including: long vehicle length; high total weight; and a significant number of trailers and associated axle groups. Furthermore, the frequency with which trailers may be swapped or switched between different trucks or handling vehicles is very high, making record keeping difficult.

[004] Existing solutions for record keeping include Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 8 / 71 2 / 50 manual paper records. This may include a driver physically walking around the combination to record the identification, the order of the trailers, and the weight by estimation. The weight may be recorded using onboard weighing sensors via an analog dial or digital display on the tractor unit, truck, or trailer, or using an underground scale, or an alternative method. This does not provide accurate periodic measurements throughout a trip and would be impractical for drivers to manually record weights at periodic intervals.

[005] There are some digital solutions where proprietary weight sensors are associated with a group of axles (as a subordinate sensor) that sends data to a proprietary central unit (e.g., master) in the tractor unit or truck. The data from these sensors can be presented as information on a graphic display in the cab of the tractor unit or truck for the driver or other operator to record. However, these existing solutions require user input, such as the correct connection (or pairing) of the sensors. Furthermore, difficulties arise if a trailer uses another proprietary sensor system that is incompatible with the proprietary master central unit.

[006] These solutions struggle to keep up with the complexity of trailer swapping, as drivers are unable to use the systems correctly, resulting in inconsistent and low-security combination information that cannot be properly used to meet commercial and compliance requirements.

[007] Throughout this descriptive report, the word “comprise”, or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising”, will be understood as implying the inclusion of a declared element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.

[008] Any discussion about documents, acts, materials, Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 9 / 71 3 / 50 devices, articles or similar items that have been included in this descriptive report should not be considered as an admission that any or all of these items are part of the prior art basis or were of common general knowledge in the field relevant to this description, as they existed prior to the priority date of each claim in this application. Summary

[009] A method is described for monitoring a vehicle comprising a truck and at least one connected vehicle subunit, the method comprising: receiving a selection to associate the truck with one or more selected sensor units, wherein the selected sensor units are physically associated with the respective vehicle subunit connected to the truck; receiving, periodically or continuously, by a data collection device associated with the vehicle, signals transmitted by one or more sensor units in the vicinity of the truck. The method further includes determining, from the signals: a first set of sensor data associated with one or more selected sensor units and the respective vehicle subunit; and a second set of sensor data associated with, if any, one or more additional sensor units in the vicinity of the truck, excluding the first set of sensor data.The method also includes: storing the first set of sensor data with the associated timing information; and sending the first set of sensor data to a server.

[0010] In some examples, the method further comprises: storing the second set of sensor data with the associated timing information; identifying whether one or more additional sensor units are following the truck based on the second set of sensor data; and in response to the identification of one or more additional sensor units following the truck, sending a notification to indicate this to one or more additional sensor units and / or an additional vehicle subunit. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 10 / 71 4 / 50

[0011] In other examples of the method, the step of identifying whether one or more additional sensor units are following the truck is based on additional contextual conditions, including one or more of the following: - truck movement; - distance between the additional sensor unit and the data collection device or truck; - signal strength of the received signals associated with the additional sensor unit; - Identity of the additional sensor unit and / or its respective additional vehicle subunit; - historical or trend information; and - Third-party input, such as third-party software (for task management or compliance) or a data entry system.

[0012] In some examples of the method, the notification includes a request, recommendation, or control signal to include one or more additional sensor units in the selection to associate the additional sensor unit and / or additional vehicle subunit with the truck.

[0013] In some examples, the method additionally comprises: sending the second set of sensor data to the server, where the step of identifying whether one or more additional sensor units are following the truck is performed by the server.

[0014] In some examples of the method, the step of identifying whether one or more additional sensor units are following the truck is performed by the data collection device.

[0015] In some examples of the method, the step of sending the first set of sensor data to a server comprises: sending, via a second communication module embedded in the data collection device, to the server; or sending, from the data collection device, via a mobile communication device, to the server.

[0016] In some examples, the method additionally includes: Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 11 / 71 5 / 50 determine, based on the first set of sensor data and / or the second set of sensor data received, one or more control signals; and send one or more control signals to the data collection device, truck, vehicle subunit, one or more sensor units and / or one or more actuators associated with the vehicle.

[0017] In other examples of the method, one or more control signals include one or more of the following: - a request to send additional sensor data; - power and / or actuation settings of a sensor unit; - pairing of additional sensor units; and - Mesh / network configurations for the sensor units.

[0018] In some examples, the method further comprises: periodically or continuously receiving, by means of the data collection device, network signals transmitted by one or more network devices in the vicinity of the vehicle. The method also includes determining, from the network signals: a first class of network signals associated with the respective known or authorized vehicle subunit(s) connected to the truck; and a second class of network signals associated with the unknown or unauthorized additional subunit(s). The method may also include determining a configuration of the vehicle subunit(s) and / or additional vehicle subunits based on signal timing, signal strength, or network connection characteristics.

[0019] Also described is a data collection device for monitoring a vehicle with a truck and at least one connected subunit, wherein the data collection device comprises: a first communication module, a memory, and a processing device. The first communication module is configured to receive, periodically or continuously, signals transmitted by one or more sensor units in the vicinity of the truck. The memory is configured to store: selection data indicative of a selection of one or more sensor units. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 12 / 71 6 / 50 associated with the truck, where the selected sensor units are physically associated with the respective vehicle subunit(s) connected to the truck; and sensor data. The processing device is configured to: determine, from the signals received in the first communication module: (i) a first set of sensor data associated with one or more selected sensor units and their respective vehicle subunit; and (ii) a second set of sensor data associated with one or more sensor units in the vicinity of the truck, which exclude the first set of sensor data. The processing device is further configured to: store, in memory, at least the first set of sensor data with associated timing information; and send the first set of sensor data to a server.

[0020] In some examples of the data collection device, the processing device is additionally configured to: store in memory the second set of sensor data with associated timing information; identify whether one or more additional sensor units are following the truck based on the second set of sensor data; and, in response to the identification of one or more additional sensor units following the truck, send a notification to indicate this to one or more additional sensor units and / or an additional vehicle subunit.

[0021] In some data collection device examples, the notification is sent to a user interface associated with the data collection device, to a portable communication device associated with a vehicle user, to a vehicle processing device and / or to the server.

[0022] In some data collection device examples, the processing device is additionally configured to: send the second set of sensor data to the server to allow the server to identify whether one or more additional sensor units are tracking the Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 13 / 71 7 / 50 truck based on the second set of sensor data; and receive from the server, in response to the identification of one or more additional sensor units following the truck, a notification to indicate to one or more additional sensor units and / or additional vehicle subunit.

[0023] In some examples, the data collection device additionally comprises: a second communication module configured to communicate with a communications network, wherein the first set of sensor data is transmitted to the server via the second communication module and the communications network.

[0024] In some examples of the data collection device, the processing device is further configured to: receive one or more control signals from the server, wherein the control signals are determined by the server based on the first and / or second set of sensor data; and send, via the first communication module or another communication module, one or more control signals to the truck, the vehicle subunit, one or more sensor units and / or one or more actuators associated with the vehicle.

[0025] Also described is a system for monitoring a vehicle with a truck and at least one connected vehicle subunit, the system comprising: at least one data collection device; and a server. The at least one data collection device is configured to: receive signals transmitted by one or more sensor units in the vicinity of the truck; and send sensor data to a server based on the signals. The server is configured to: receive a selection of one or more selected sensor units associated with the vehicle; receive sensor data; and identify based on the sensor data whether one or more additional sensor units, other than one of the selected sensor units, are following the truck.

[0026] In some system examples, the server is additionally configured to: determine, based at least on sensor data, Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 14 / 71 8 / 50 one or more control signals; and send one or more control signals to the data collection device, truck, vehicle subunit, one or more sensor units and / or one or more actuators associated with the vehicle.

[0027] Also described is a method for monitoring one or more vehicles on a server, wherein each vehicle comprises a truck and at least one connected vehicle subunit, the method comprising: receiving sensor data from a data collection device associated with the vehicle, wherein the sensor data is based on signals transmitted by one or more sensor units in the vicinity of the truck and received by the data collection device; identifying, based on the sensor data, specific sensor units that are following the truck; and identifying one or more vehicle subunits connected to the truck based on the identified specific sensor units that are following the truck.

[0028] Also described is a method for monitoring one or more vehicles on a server, wherein each vehicle comprises a truck and at least one connected vehicle subunit, the method comprising: receiving sensor data based on signals transmitted by one or more sensor units in the vicinity of the truck; identifying, based on the sensor data, specific sensor units that are following the truck; and identifying one or more vehicle subunits connected to the truck based on the identified specific sensor units that are following the truck.

[0029] In some examples, the method further comprises determining, based on sensor and / or signal data, a configuration of the vehicle subunits and / or sensors in the vehicle.

[0030] In some examples, the method further comprises: storing, in a data repository, vehicle data indicating: specific identified sensor units that follow the truck; one or more identified vehicle subunits connected to the truck; and sensor data associated with the vehicle. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 15 / 71 9 / 50

[0031] In some examples, the method further comprises: determining, based at least on sensor data, one or more control signals; and sending one or more control signals to the data collection device, truck, vehicle subunit, one or more sensor units and / or one or more actuators associated with the vehicle. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0032] Examples of the present description will be given with reference to: Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for monitoring a vehicle; Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a data collection device used in the system of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a vehicle monitoring method, including receiving sensor data to be stored on a server; Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for identifying additional sensor units following a vehicle; Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for automatically identifying sensor units and vehicle subunits (such as a trailer) associated with the vehicle; Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a method for generating control signals to be sent to vehicle 3; Fig. 7 is a schematic and flowchart diagram of a specific system implementation; Fig. 8 illustrates examples of vehicles, including truck and trailer combinations; Fig. 9 illustrates a variation of the system in which each sensor unit is also a data collection device unit; Fig. 10 illustrates a variation of the system in which each sensor unit is in direct communication with the data collection device; Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 16 / 71 Figure 11 illustrates a variation of the system in which the sensor units are in indirect communication with the data collection device via a mobile communication device; Fig. 12 illustrates a variation of the system with multiple sensor units associated with the first and third trailers, but no sensors associated with the second trailer; Fig. 13 illustrates a variation of the system with data collection devices for each of the vehicle subunits; Fig. 14 illustrates a variation of the system with a mesh network to allow communication between the sensor units and the data collection device; Fig. 15 illustrates a variation of the system including a combination of a local network and multiple data collection devices; Fig. 16 illustrates a variation of the system in which the data collection device communicates with the server; and Fig. 17 illustrates an example of a processing device. Description of the Modalities System Overview 1

[0033] Figure 1 illustrates a schematic of a vehicle monitoring system 1 3, with a truck 5 and at least one subunit 7 connected to the vehicle.

[0034] One or more sensor units 15 and 16 are associated with their respective vehicle subunits 7 (where examples of vehicle subunit 7 may be a trailer 10 or an axle group 12, or part of the truck 5). Signals 13 are transmitted by sensor units 15 and 16, including measurements or other data. The measurements or other data may be indicative of one or more parameters, such as weight, forces, acceleration, speed, temperature, time, wear status, tire pressure, identification data, location, accumulated operating time, maintenance intervals, status, error states, notifications, etc. In some examples, the Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 17 / 71 11 / 50 sensor units 15 and 16 transmit the signals 13 wirelessly (such as using Bluetooth protocols).

[0035] System 1 includes at least one data collection device 11 associated with a respective vehicle 3 and, in some examples, the data collection device 11 is located on the truck 5. The data collection device 11 is configured to receive, periodically or continuously, signals 13 transmitted by one or more sensor units 15, 16 in the vicinity of the truck 5. The data collection device 11 has a processing device 57 configured to process the received signals 15 to determine the sensor data 23, 27 for further processing and analysis. This may include at least part of the processing steps of a vehicle monitoring method 3 discussed in more detail below. The data collection device 11 is also configured to send sensor data 23 and 27 to a server 31 of system 1.

[0036] Server 31 includes a processing device to execute the steps of methods 100 and 200. Server 31 may have an associated data storage 73 to store sensor data and other data received from the data collection device 11. Data storage 73 may store this data for regulatory and compliance purposes, as well as for business intelligence and fleet management purposes. Server 31 may also be used to identify sensor unit 16 following a truck 5 and to send control signals. Importantly, Server 9 may be a cloud-based server.

[0037] System 1 can be used for the following methods: i. Vehicle monitoring through data collection from sensors; i. Identification of sensor units and their respective vehicle subunits. ii. Control of sensors, actuators, and other vehicle components.

[0038] These methods 100 and 200 will be described in separate sections. The components of system 1 will be described in detail below. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 18 / 71 12 / 50 Sensor units 15 / 16

[0039] Sensor units 15 and 16 are configured to include at least one sensor to receive information associated with the vehicle subunit 7, nearby elements and / or surrounding environment. In heavy vehicle applications, a crucial measurement is the vehicle weight 3, including: the total vehicle weight, the weight corresponding to specific axles or axle groups 12 and / or the weight in a trailer 10. Thus, in some examples, the sensor of sensor unit 15 receives measurements to indicate the weight (or force) applied to the vehicle subunit 7.

[0040] An example of a sensor unit 7 that provides weight information is the GNOM DDE S7 wireless axle load sensor. In some examples, sensor units 15 include a strain gauge to measure deformation or displacement which can then be used to determine forces applied to a spring or structure in the vehicle subunit 7. In other examples, axle load can be measured by the displacement of components, such as a leaf spring, relative to another vehicle component 3. In another example, where air suspensions are used, air pressure measurements indicate the weight or load on the axle.

[0041] In some examples, the weight sensor is configured to provide the actual mass. In some examples, this may be the mass relative to the forces on a specific axis. In other examples, the sensor units may communicate with each other to provide the total mass of the vehicle (or the mass of subunits). Sensor unit 7 may be configured to determine, based on the detected data, the actual mass of the vehicle and send this mass data as an output.

[0042] Other examples of sensor unit 7 may include other types of sensors, including, but not limited to: • Temperature sensor. This may include an ambient temperature sensor, a cargo area temperature sensor, and / or temperature sensors for specific vehicle or trailer components. This may Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 19 / 71 13 / 50 includes a brake temperature sensor, an axle temperature sensor, and a tire temperature sensor. • Humidity sensor. This may include measuring ambient temperature and / or temperature in the vehicle's cargo area. In some examples, the humidity sensor may measure humidity inside vehicle components, such as pneumatic system components and tires. • Pressure sensor. This may include pressure sensors associated with functional vehicle components, such as tire pressure, pneumatic system pressure, and hydraulic system pressure. Subassemblies of these may include pressure associated with brakes and / or air suspension. In some examples, the pressure sensor may include ambient air pressure and / or air pressure in the vehicle's cargo area. • Strain or other force or displacement sensors - In some examples, sensors to measure forces on one or more vehicle components can be used to monitor the vehicle's structural integrity. • Network data sensors - This includes local area network data, which may include a vehicle's local area network. In some examples, this may include EBS (electronic braking system) data. In other examples, this may include CAN (controller area network) data from the vehicle. In other examples, this may include LIN (local area network) data from the vehicle. • Encoder, gyroscopes, accelerometers - This includes providing the position and / or orientation of one or more vehicle components. In some examples, this may include the relative position and / or orientation of one component in relation to another. For example, the relative orientation between a truck and its trailer(s). In some examples, this may include the level of the vehicle or trailer based on accelerometer data from a stationary (or stabilized) vehicle. In some examples, this may include rotational data based on... Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 20 / 71 14 / 50 vehicle gyroscopes. • Other sensors in the transmission system. This may include sensors associated with the operating conditions and health of the transmission system, such as RPM (revolutions per minute), the speed of one or more wheels, and the calculated speed of the vehicle (or vehicle subunit). • Emissions sensors - This may include sensors configured to determine pollutants or the composition of the air inside and around the vehicle. This may include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and other vehicle emissions. • Energy and fuel sensors. This can include sensors that detect the amount of fuel in a tank, such as gasoline, diesel, etc. In other examples, this can include sensors associated with the state of charge of a battery. In another example, this can include sensors associated with data on the amount of hydrogen fuel stored in the vehicle.

[0043] In some examples, sensor units 15 / 16 communicate wirelessly with other devices, such as the data collection device 11 and / or other sensor units 15 / 16. This may include wireless radio frequency transmission. In some examples, sensor unit 15 has, or is associated with, a communication module to enable wireless transmission of signals 13. This may include signals 13 transmitted according to the Bluetooth protocol. In some examples, this includes Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). In some examples, this includes BLE Coded PHY, which allows for an extended range signal. In some examples, signals 13 are transmitted (e.g., advertised) by the sensor units so that at least parts of the data can be received and understood by other Bluetooth-enabled devices nearby.In particular, these signals 13 can be understood by such devices without specific pairing with another Bluetooth device in a master-subordinate relationship. This transmission signal can be advantageous. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 21 / 71 15 / 50 by allowing easy data reception without the need for pairing operations that may require diligence and effort from a human operator. It also allows easy data reception for a combination of vehicles, even if truck 5 has never been paired with a specific trailer 10. The transmission signal can also avoid problems with proprietary sensor units that require pairing with proprietary controllers and / or masters. This can allow sensor units 15 from various manufacturers to be used in system 1.

[0044] In some examples, system 1 is configured to receive and process messages from sensors of transmission signals that are known to be associated with vehicle-associated sensor units 15 and 16 or vehicle subunits. This may include data collection device 11 configured to process transmission signals from sensor units 15 and 16 that it recognizes as associated with the vehicle, vehicle subunits, or additional vehicle subunits – and to reject other transmission signals from other devices. That is, the system may filter the received data.

[0045] In some examples, the system may include a whitelist of sensor unit types or sensor signal types that the system recognizes for processing. This can be done on one or more data collection devices, mobile communication devices, and / or servers. In other examples, this may include specific sensor units that have been registered by a user, fleet operator, regulatory authority, or other entity.

[0046] In some examples, the server, mobile communication device, or data collection device may dynamically select specific sensor units and associated sensor signals to prioritize processing. In other examples, this may include these system elements actively requesting specific sensors to transmit the collected data. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 22 / 71 16 / 50

[0047] In some examples, transmission signal 13 includes one or more of the following: - a sensor identifier for sensor unit 15; - a vehicle subunit identifier to allow the association of sensor unit 15 to a physically associated vehicle subunit 7; - an organization identifier to allow association with an organization 88, company, operator, etc.; - Measured data from the sensor indicating the measurements, such as weight, forces, acceleration, etc.; - time information; Location information.

[0048] It is important to note that other wireless transmission protocols, in addition to BLE, can be used by sensor unit 15, including ZigBee, Wi-Fi, LTE, etc.

[0049] The 15 / 16 sensor unit may include an independent power supply. In other examples, the 15 / 16 sensor unit may be powered by power supplied by the vehicle, such as 12 V, 24 V, or 48 V, from the truck 5. Other examples may include combinations of power supplied by the battery and the vehicle.

[0050] In some examples, some of the sensor units 15 / 16 may be in wired communication to transmit the signals 13. For example, a group of axes may have a plurality of sensor units 15 / 16, where a subset of the sensor units 15 has a wireless communication module. The remaining sensor units may transmit the signals 13 via a wire to the sensor unit 15 with the wireless communication module which, in turn, retransmits the signal 13 to the data collection device 11.

[0051] It is important to note that the 15 / 16 sensor unit can receive other information. In some examples, the 15 / 16 sensor unit also includes a satellite navigation module to receive signals from a Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 23 / 71 17 / 50 or more satellites 28. The satellite navigation module can receive signals from GPS (Global Positioning System), GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System), or other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). This may also include receiving supplemental signals, such as from a Differential GPS System, and augmentation signals, such as WASS (Wide Area Augmentation System). The satellite navigation module may also utilize Assisted GPS. Receiving position information from the satellite navigation module can be advantageous for ensuring the quality and integrity of sensor data (e.g., sensor data from a single vehicle can be associated with a time and location for each sensor's data, and all sensors on a vehicle should have a corresponding or nearby location).

[0052] It is important to highlight that, in some examples, the sensor unit 15 / 16 has a communication module (or additional communication module) to allow extended communications, such as connection to the network 18 via a cellular network 60. Cellular communication, such as LTE or 5G, may allow some sensor units 15 / 16 to communicate with the server 31 independently of a distinctly separate data collection device 11. This can be useful as an alternative or supplementary means of communication to the data collection device 11, in case there is an error state with the data collection device. In other examples, where the data collection device 11 is a mobile communication device 66 from the operator, this alternative means of communication allows the server 31 to receive updated information about the vehicle 3 if the operator is absent. I

[0053] In some other examples, it may be desirable that at least some of the sensor units 15 and 16 communicate with the server 31 without going through the data collection device 11. This may occur for data integrity and / or security reasons, where sensor unit 15 and 16 may belong to another organization (such as a government, regulatory body or Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 24 / 71 18 / 50 environmental protection organization) and this organization does not wish to depend on data collection device 11 to transmit data, but rather to use its own independent means of communication. In these use cases, data collection device 11 can still receive signals 13 from these sensor units 15 and 16 to enable proximity detection. That is, there are multiple data paths that can be used for different purposes. Data collection device 11

[0054] Figure 2 illustrates a schematic example of a data collection device 11. The data collection device 11 includes a processing device 57 that communicates via a bus 58 with other components, such as a memory 53, a first communication module 51 and, in some examples, a second communication module 59. The data collection device 11 may also have a user interface 63.

[0055] The first communication module 51 periodically or continuously receives 120 signals transmitted by one or more sensor units 15 and 16. The first communication module 51 may include an RF receiver or transceiver configured to receive signal protocols from sensor unit 15 (e.g., Bluetooth, ZigBee, and Wi-Fi). In some examples, the first communication module 51 may receive transmission signals from sensor units 15 and 16 without the need for master-subordinate pairing. In other examples, selected sensor units 15 may be paired with the data collection device 11.

[0056] The second communication module 59 is configured to communicate information to the server 31 via a network 18. This may include sending sets 21 and 25 of sensor data 23 and 27 to the server 31 for record keeping and / or further processing. This may also include the reception, by the second communication module 59, of control signals 41, via the network 18, from the server 31. In some examples, the second communication module 59 communicates (see line 22 in Fig. 2) via cellular networks 60 operating on (but not limited to) technologies Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 25 / 71 19 / 50 GPRS, 3G, 4G / LTE and 5G, which, depending on reception, advantageously allow continuous or near-continuous communication with server 31.

[0057] The second communication module 59 can communicate via another network, such as a wireless local area network operating with WiFi technology. This, in turn, can be in communication with a wider network, such as the internet. Reliable Wi-Fi networks can be intermittent, and the second communication module 59 can be configured to send and receive data at specific times and intervals, such as during rest and refueling stops, truck depots, warehouses, etc. In some examples, this may include communication from the second communication module 59 to the server 31 via the mobile communication device 66 (as shown in line 24 in Fig. 2). It is important to note that the second communication module 59 can comprise more than a single physical communication module and that functionality can be provided by different means (or divided among them), such as Wi-Fi and cellular.

[0058] The second communication module 59, in the illustrated example, is incorporated into the data collection module 11. In some examples, the first and second communication modules 51 and 59, although performing different functions, can be physically implemented by a common communication module. For example, a common communication module can communicate via Bluetooth protocol to receive signals 13 from the sensor units 15 and also communicate, via Bluetooth, with a mobile communication device 66 (see line 20 of Figure 2). The cellular network resources 60 of the mobile communication device 66 can then be used to communicate with the server 31 via the network 18.

[0059] In other examples, sensors 15 and 16 may be in communication with the mobile communication device 66 via additional paths. For example, if an operator is located far from the vehicle, they may receive data from sensors 15 and 16 as follows: For example, a path that includes sending data from sensors 15 and 16 to the data collection device of Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 26 / 71 20 / 50 data 11 via the first communication module 51 (such as a Bluetooth communication module). In turn, the data can be sent from the data collection device 11 via the second communication module 59 (e.g., via cellular data to a cellular network and via the internet). The data can be received on the mobile communication device 60 via cellular network, Wi-Fi, or other network means.

[0060] Processing device 57 can be configured to process data and perform at least some of the steps in method 100, which will be discussed in a separate section below.

[0061] Memory 53 can store instructions and data to implement method 100 executed by processing device 57. In some examples, the data stored in memory 53 includes sets 21 and 25 of sensor data 23 and 27 based on signals received 13 from sensor units 15 and 16. This data storage can be useful to act as a data buffer in case of intermittent communication with the server 31. Furthermore, there may be practical, operational, and regulatory requirements for storing sensor data 23 and 27 with the data collection device 11. Memory 53 can also store vehicle data, identification data, or other data such as location, time, weather, etc. In some examples, this includes storage in non-volatile memory.

[0062] The user interface 63 allows user interaction with an operator 6. This may include an indicative output of notifications and other data, which may be a visual, audible, or tactile output. The user interface 63 may also include a user input to allow the operator 6 to enter data, such as information about the vehicle, the operator, the vehicle operation, the connected vehicle subunits 7, etc. In some examples, this may include the selection 17 of one or more sensor units 15 (which may be indicative of the selection of a respective vehicle subunit 7). In some examples, the user interface 63 may include a touch screen interface. In another example, a mobile communication device 63, coupled Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 27 / 71 21 / 50 communicating with the data collection device 11, can function as the user interface 63. It is important to note that, in some alternatives, the user interface 63 does not communicate directly with the data collection device 11. Instead, communication may occur between the user interface 63 and the server 31 to send and receive information to the operator 6. In turn, some of this information may be communicated directly or indirectly from the server 31 to the data collection device 11.

[0063] In some examples, the data collection device 11 may include the sensor unit 5 in a single physical package. For example, the data collection device 11 may have accelerometers and gyroscopes to detect acceleration, vibration, and linear and / or angular motion. Other examples may include data collection devices 11 with other sensor units 15, as described herein.

[0064] In some examples, the vehicle may have multiple data collection devices 11 on board (as illustrated in Figures 13 and 15). This may include a data collection device located in the truck as well as in one or more vehicle subunits (e.g., one in each trailer). Having a plurality of data collection devices can provide redundancy, security, and improved asset tracking. For example, if a trailer is intentionally or unintentionally separated from the rest of the vehicle.

[0065] The data collection device 11 can be integrated into vehicle 3, installed later in vehicle 3, or placed inside vehicle 3. For example, the data collection device 11 can be mounted on the dashboard, windshield, located in a glove compartment, in a storage area, under the hood, or in another compartment of vehicle 3. In other examples, the data collection device can be installed externally to the vehicle, such as on the roof of the truck, on an external surface of the cab, etc. In some examples, the data collection device can be mounted on a trailer (as will be discussed in variations below). In some examples, the data collection device 11 can be integrated with other electronic devices and Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 28 / 71 22 / 50 vehicle telematics, such as the entertainment, monitoring and control and / or navigation system. Although some examples of the data collection device 11 include incorporation into the vehicle 3, in alternative examples the data collection device 11 may be incorporated as part of, or a modified form of, a mobile communication device 66, such as a smartphone or tablet.

[0066] The data collection device 11 may also include a satellite navigation module to receive signals from one or more satellites 28 to enable the determination of the vehicle's position. Mobile communication device

[0067] The mobile communication device 66 can be used in some exemplary implementations of the system 1. In some examples, the mobile communication device 66 performs all, or substantially all, of the functions of the data collection device 11. This can be advantageous, since a large proportion of people already own a mobile communication device.

[0068] In other examples, the mobile communication device 66 may supplement or complement parts of the system 1. As noted above, the mobile communication device 66 may function as a user interface 63. The mobile communication device 66 may allow the operator to better display sensor data, manipulate data, forward data for reporting purposes, etc. The mobile communication device 66 may also have a more powerful processing device to process the data. In other examples, the mobile communications and network resources of the mobile communication device may be used to transmit and receive data to the network 18 and the server 31.

[0069] In some examples, an application is run on the mobile communication device 66 to enable the function as a data collection device or to interact with parts of the system 1. This may include secure access to data from the server's data storage 73 31. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 29 / 71 23 / 50 Server 31

[0070] Server 31 includes one or more processing devices to execute the steps of methods 100 and 200 and has an associated data repository 73. Server 31 may be operated by a business organization 88 (such as the operator of a vehicle fleet 3), a third-party fleet management company, a third-party computing service, a government or regulatory entity, etc. In some examples, the data repository 73 is configured to be accessible by multiple entities, which may be done through a secure API. In other examples, an application (including a web application) may be used to access the data. This may include presenting the information in a dashboard and include tools for analyzing the data and creating reports.

[0071] In some examples, the data in data repository 73 may be available for commercial or research purposes. This may include selling or providing a subscription service for the data in the data repository.

[0072] Server 31 can perform various functions, including: - Record keeping, such as logging vehicle and sensor data for commercial and business purposes, as well as for compliance purposes; - data processing for identification purposes, such as identifying the use and condition of vehicles 3 (including associated vehicle subunits such as trailers), the combination of truck and trailers in use, monitoring wear and maintenance requirements; and - control of sensors, actuators or other vehicle components 3 based on sensor data and problems identified in previous functions. Vehicle 3

[0073] Figure 8 illustrates non-limiting examples of vehicles 3. The first vehicle 3 is a combination that includes a rigid truck 5 with two axle groups 12 and a trailer with two axle groups 12'. In this example, Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 30 / 71 24 / 50 rigid truck 5 transports and supports cargo. In some examples, truck 5 and trailer are connected by means of intermediate couplings.

[0074] The second vehicle 3 is a combination that includes a 5' truck (in the form of a tractor unit) with two 12' axle groups. The exemplary tractor unit 5 includes a fifth wheel to connect to a first 10' trailer, which has a 12' axle group. A second 10'' trailer is connected to the 12' axle group of the first 10' trailer. The second 10'' trailer also has a single 12'' axle group.

[0075] The third exemplary vehicle 3'' is a variation of the second exemplary vehicle 3'' with a graphical representation of the weight distribution of the vehicle 3'' for the axle groups 12, 12', 12''. The total weight of the vehicle 3'' is 62.5 tons. This weight is distributed as follows: 6 tons on the first axle group 12 of the tractor unit 5' and 16.5 tons on the second axle group 12 of the tractor unit 5'. Note that a portion of the 16.5 tons on the second axle group 12 is attributable to the weight of the first trailer 10'. The axle group of 12' of the first trailer 10 has 20 tons, which will be attributable to the weight of the load on the first trailer 10' and the second trailer 10'. Finally, the 12'' axle group of the second 10'' trailer has a load capacity of 20 tons, which is attributable to the load on the second 10'' trailer.

[0076] An important factor to be measured for road safety is the weight (mass) distribution and total weight. The location of the sensor units 15 on each of the axle groups 12, 12', 12'' allows the operator (as well as company owners and regulatory bodies) to have real-time or near real-time vehicle mass data. This increases confidence that a vehicle 3 has been safely loaded and can operate safely on the roads. This can also be used to alert the driver or operator if the weight has changed significantly, which may indicate loss or spillage of cargo.

[0077] In the context of this description, a truck 5 includes a part of vehicle 3 configured to tow a trailer. That is, the truck includes a Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 31 / 71 25 / 50 powertrain (such as a diesel engine, gasoline engine, electric motor, etc.) to drive the vehicle combination. The truck may include a rigid truck, a tractor unit, a tractor, etc. In other examples, it should be considered that other types of vehicles pulling a trailer may use this system. For example, a light utility vehicle, a sport utility vehicle, a minibus, a light passenger car, may be configured to pull a caravan or other trailer containing substantial weight that needs to be monitored.

[0078] In the context of this description, a vehicle subunit 7 may include the axle group 12 (or its components), a trailer 10 or other components that may be part of or connected to the vehicle 3.

[0079] In some other examples, the vehicle subunit may be part of truck 5. For example, the vehicle subunit may be a tire and wheel combination and the sensor unit 15 is a tire pressure monitoring unit. In other examples, the vehicle subunit may be an axle group, suspension assembly or brake assembly of truck 5, with the respective sensor unit also being in truck 5.

[0080] It is important to highlight that, in some examples or scenarios, system 1 may be operated while vehicle 3 does not have a trailer 3, and that the system is receiving sensor data from sensor units 15 associated with truck 5 for record keeping and other purposes described herein. In some examples, selection 17 may include the removal of the vehicle subunit (7), such as the removal of a trailer (10) previously selected for another trip.

[0081] The various methods 100 executed by system 1, by data collection device 11 and by server 31 will now be described in examples. Overview of a method for collecting sensor data.

[0082] Returning to Figure 3, a first method 100 of data collection Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 32 / 71 26 / 50 of sensors is illustrated. This example includes a selection of 17 sensor units 15 that are to be associated with a vehicle 3. Typically, this might involve an operator 6 entering, via a user interface 63, details of the truck 5 and trailer 10 combination, which in turn can be used to specify the selected sensor units 15 that are to be associated with vehicle 3 / truck 5. It should be understood that this can be an explicit selection of a selected sensor unit 15 (e.g., a serial number or sensor identifier) ​​or an indirect selection, such as entering an identifier of a specific subunit, whereby the system 1 will determine the respective selected sensor unit 15.

[0083] In practical examples, the selected sensor units 15 are physically associated with the respective vehicle subunit 7 (such as a trailer 10 or axle group 12) that the operator connects to the truck 5. The selection 17 may also include the order in which the vehicle subunits 7 are connected (such as the order of trailers in a long vehicle combination).

[0084] In this example (and with reference to Fig. 1), operator 6 selects sensor units 15 from the first two trailers 10 respectively (as a vehicle subunit 7). For illustrative purposes, operator 6 inadvertently omits the selection of sensor units 16 from the third trailer 14.

[0085] The method involves sending selection 17 which is then received 110 by the data collection device 11 and / or received 112 on the server 31. It is important to note that, in some alternatives, the selection can be made at multiple points in the system and, in some examples, selection 17 can even be initiated by the server 31 to specify to the operator 6 which trailers 10 should be connected to the truck 5.

[0086] Method 100 additionally includes receiving 120 signals 13 from sensor units 15 and 16 in the vicinity of truck 5. This can be achieved with the first communication module 51 of the device. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 33 / 71 27 / 50 data collection 11, which can continuously or periodically receive data transmitted from the sensor units. In some examples, this may include receiving signals 1 from the sensor units 15 every second. However, it is important to note that this frequency level may be lower. For example, receiving these signals 15 once every minute may meet reporting or regulatory requirements for up-to-date and timely data, while potentially increasing battery life by reducing the frequency of signal transmission, reception, and processing 13.

[0087] It is important to emphasize that the frequency of data reception may be faster than described above (such as more than once per second) and the specialist would appreciate it if this could be adjusted based on the requirements of the use case.

[0088] The 120 signals 13 received may come from the selected sensor units 15 (which were previously selected by operator 6), as well as from other sensor units 16 within the range of the wireless signal communication. Other sensor units 16 (as illustrated in Figure 1) include additional sensor units 16 from an additional trailer 14 that operator 6 omitted to select. It is important to note that signals from sensor units of other passing or parked vehicles may also be received periodically.

[0089] Method 100 additionally includes the selection, from the received signals 13, of data relevant to the report. To this end, method 100 includes (with reference to Figure 3) the determination 130 from the signals 13: i. a first set 21 of sensor data 23 associated with the selected sensor units 15; and ii. a second set 25 of sensor data 27 associated with, if any, one or more additional sensor units 16 in the vicinity of truck 5 that exclude the first set of sensor data 23. That is, sensor data that are not from the selected sensor units 15 that are known to be connected to truck 5. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 34 / 71 28 / 50

[0090] The first set 21 of sensor data 23 is clearly relevant to vehicle 3, since the corresponding sensor units 15 were selected by the operator. The first set 21 of sensor data 23 is then stored 140, with the associated time information 29, and sent 150 to server 31 for record-keeping purposes. In some examples, the storage of sensor data 23 in the data collection device 11 may be temporary (e.g., for buffering purposes before sending to server 31). In other examples, sensor data 23 (or parts thereof) are stored in the data collection device 11 (or in an associated data repository) to provide an onboard data log. In other examples, sensor data 23 may be transmitted to a mobile communication device 66 for recording, reporting, and review.

[0091] It is important to highlight that, in some examples, the selection of the selected sensor units 15 may be absent or nonexistent. For example, when there is a new vehicle 3 or part of the system has been reset. In these cases, the described system 1 and methods 100 and 200 may continue to function, resulting in the first set 21 not having valid sensor data 23 and most (or all) signals 13 being categorized as the second set 25 of sensor data 27 associated with the additional sensor units 16.

[0092] The second set 25 of sensor data 27 may, under some circumstances, be excluded from further processing. For example, if it is determined that signal 13 was from a sensor unit 16 of an unrelated vehicle passing by the vehicle in question 3.

[0093] However, the second set 25 of sensor data 27 may be useful for determining additional information, such as context (e.g., traffic volume, proximity to other vehicles, etc.). Furthermore, the second set 25 of sensor data 27 may be relevant as it may be indicative of a sensor unit 16 connected to vehicle 3, but omitted. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 35 / 71 29 / 50 of the previous selection. A method for identifying such additional sensors is described in a separate topic below.

[0094] Server 31 receives 151 sensor data (which may be the first set 21 and / or the second set 25) and stores 156 sensor data in a data store 73. This record in data store 73 may be selectively made available based on the use case. In some examples, the sensor data is confidential information for the organization operating vehicle 3. In other examples, the sensor data and other data may be maintained or made available to a regulatory authority. In other examples, the sensor data is publicly available, by subscription or purchase. Overview of the method for identifying additional sensors 16

[0095] Referring to Figure 4, this illustrates an example of a method for identifying additional sensor units 16 and their respective additional vehicle subunits 8.

[0096] In alternative examples, the method is performed on server 31. An advantage of performing the method on server 31 is the greater processing power and potentially greater access to records and other data to aid in identification (such as a library in a data store 73 that links the identifiers of sensor units 16 to their respective additional vehicle subunits 8, fleet details, ownership details, etc.). If the method is performed on server 31, the data collection device 11 can send 152 the second set 25 of sensor data 27 to server 31; and, once processed by server 31, receives 163 a notification 33 regarding any identified additional sensor units 16 and / or additional vehicle subunits 8.

[0097] In alternative examples, the method can be performed on the data collection device 11. This can be advantageous in situations where the vehicle is traveling in areas without cellular networks or other network connections to allow reliable and frequent communication with the server 31. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, page 36 / 71 30 / 50

[0098] Referring to Figure 4, the method includes storing 142 the second set of sensor data with the associated time information. The storage can be useful because the patterns over time of the signals (and sensor data 27) can be useful to differentiate whether sensor unit 16 is passing or following truck 5 in a constant and regular manner (as would be expected if they were connected).

[0099] The method also includes identifying 160 whether one or more additional sensor units 16 are tracking truck 5 with the second set 25 of sensor data 27. This may include determining whether a signal 16 corresponding to a specific additional sensor unit 16 has been detected consistently and for at least a threshold period.

[00100] In some examples, the identification step 160, whether the additional sensor units are following the truck, is based on additional contextual conditions, including one or more of the following: - movement of truck 5; - distance between the additional sensor unit 16 and the data collection device 11 or truck 5; - signal strength of the received signals 13 associated with the additional sensor unit 16; - Identity of the additional sensor unit 160 and / or its respective additional vehicle subunit 8; - historical or trend information; and - Third-party input, such as third-party software (for task management or compliance) or a data entry system.

[00101] In response to the identification of an additional sensor unit 16 following truck 5, a notification 33 may be sent 162 to operator 6 or another entity about this fact. This notification may include details of the specific additional sensor unit(s) 16 and / or an additional vehicle subunit 8. This may include querying a database to make the notification specific, including identifying the specific trailer 14. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 37 / 71 31 / 50 (as per a serial number or plate) associated with the identified additional sensor unit 16.

[00102] Notification 33 can be useful for notifying operator 6 of an error. In some examples, it may simply be a trailer 16 or axle group 12' that was physically connected to vehicle 3, but where the appropriate data entry into system 1 was not performed correctly (such as selecting the wrong trailer). This notification may also indicate other technical errors. For example, a mechanic may have installed a sensor unit on an incorrect vehicle subunit 7, resulting in the data collection device 11 receiving signals 13 from an unexpected sensor unit.

[00103] Notification 33 can be sent to one or more of the following: to a user interface 63 associated with the data collection device 11, a mobile communication device 6 associated with a vehicle user 67 3, a vehicle processing device 69 3 and / or the server 31.

[00104] In some examples, notification 33 includes a request 35 or recommendation 37 to include one or more additional sensor units 16 in selection 17. If accepted, this associates the additional sensor unit 16 and / or the additional vehicle subunit 8 with truck 5. The result is that additional signals from these additional sensor units 16 are expected and will form part of the first set 21 of sensor data 23.

[00105] In other examples 33, notification 33 is, or is associated with, a control signal or other instruction to include one or more additional sensor units 16 in selection 17. This may be suitable if system 1 has high confidence that the additional sensor unit 16 should be associated with vehicle 3 and thus system 1 / server 31 automatically adds (i.e., without human intervention) the additional sensor unit(s) to selection 17.

[00106] In other examples, the system may identify that the expected sensor units 15 and trailers 10 are connected to vehicle 3, but Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 38 / 71 32 / 50 The actual order of the trailers entered in the records is incorrect. That is, the operator may have selected the correct vehicle subunits, but entered the order incorrectly during the selection process 17. This error can be detected based on the signal strength to the data collection device 11. Notification 33 may include a recommendation to reorder the selection 17. Overview of a method 200 for automatic identification of sensor units.

[00107] In some examples, method 200 includes the automatic identification of 261 sensor units 15 that follow vehicle 3 and the automatic identification of vehicle subunits 7 connected to truck 5. This reduces the step of having an operator 6 explicitly select which trailer 10 or axle group 12 is connected to the truck and can reduce instances where an operator enters incorrect data or manipulates data.

[00108] Referring to Figure 6, the data collection device 11 sends 150, 152 the sensor data 23, 27, which are based on the signals 13 from the sensor units 15, 16. The sensor data 23, 27 are received 251 on the server 31 to identify 260 specific sensor units 15, 16 that are following truck 5. This may include the identification 260 of a serial number or other specific identifier of the sensor unit 15, 16 within the sensor data. As noted above, the signals 13 may include various data that can be used to identify the sensor unit 15, 16, which may include: sensor identifier; a subunit identifier; and organization identifier, model number, ownership information, etc.

[00109] To determine if a specific sensor unit 15, 16 is following truck 5, data such as time information, location information, and signal strength can assist in determining that sensor unit 15, 16 is following the truck over a period of Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 39 / 71 33 / 50 time. The time period and context can be specified by the operators, but in practice, truck and trailer combinations are used for time periods on the order of minutes, hours, or even days. Thus, in one example, a specified time limit might involve confirming that signals 13 from a sensor unit 15, 16 are received at the data collection device for 1 minute or more while truck 5 is in motion (or has been moving during that period). In other examples, this period might be longer, such as 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, or more. It is important to note that a longer specified period would reduce the probability of identifying sensor units from other vehicles passing behind truck 5. Conversely, a shorter specified period might reduce the time for the server 31 to identify sensor unit 15, 16 following truck 5.

[00110] The method also includes identifying one or more vehicle subunits 7, 8 connected to truck 5. This can be based on specific sensor units 15, 16 identified that were following truck 5. In some examples, the signals 13 from sensor units 15, 16 may include a message identifying vehicle subunit 7, 8, the owner of subunit 7, 8, or even a related truck 5. For example, in a fleet of vehicles and trailers, organization 88 may have assigned specific identifiers to all sensor units 15, 16 and associated vehicle subunits 7, 8, and have the signals 13 sent by these sensor units 15, 16 encoded with messages containing these identifiers.

[00111] In other examples, a library or lookup table in a database is used to identify the association between a specific sensor unit and the respective vehicle subunit. This database may be stored in the server's data repository 73, stored in the organization 88, or even stored in a regulatory body (such as a government agency's vehicle registration database). Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 40 / 71 34 / 50

[00112] Method 200 also includes storing 265, in a data repository, vehicle data indicating: i. specific sensor units identified 15, 16 following truck 5; ii. identified vehicle subunits 7, 8 following truck 5, which indicates that these vehicle subunits 7, 8 are connected to truck 5 to form the vehicle; iii. Sensor data that was received and associated with vehicle 3.

[00113] Thus, the process described above allows for the automatic identification of vehicle subunits 7 and 8, such as the trailer 10 and axle groups 12, which must be associated with vehicle 3. This can reduce the likelihood of errors or omissions in data entry by the operator 6. This can also serve as a verification of the operator's data entry and selection 17, and it is important to note that such systems can also allow operators 6 to manually enter or correct identification information.

[00114] In the example described in Figure 5, server 31 performs the automatic identification process. However, it is important to note that some or all of these steps, in alternative variations, may be performed by the data collection device 11 or by a mobile communication device 66. Other variations may include the method being performed by a combination of the devices and the server mentioned above.

[00115] The lower part of Figure 5 shows the steps of server 31 determining 270 control signals 41 that are sent 272 to execute operations on other nodes and devices. These will be discussed in detail in a separate example below. Overview of a method for sending control signals.

[00116] With reference to Figure 6, the system and method may also include the generation and transmission 172, 272 of control signals 41. These control signals are then sent to the data collection device 11, the truck Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 41 / 71 35 / 50 5, to the vehicle subunit 7, to the sensor units 15 and 16 and / or to the actuators associated with the vehicle 3. In practical examples, this may include controlling specific sensor units 15 and 16, such as increasing the sampling frequency, querying more data, changing the power state, resetting, communication pairing or other network settings, changing device settings, etc.

[00117] Several sensor data 23 and 27 are sent 150 and 152 to server 31 (or another device or node executing the method). This may be based on a continuous and periodic stream of sensor data 23, 27 or on ad hoc reception of sensor data. In some examples, a notification received 33 may also be a trigger or contain information relevant to the control signal 41.

[00118] The method includes determining 170, 270 one or more control signals 41 based on sensor data 23, 27. For example, if sensor data 23, 27 indicate specific conditions, there may be advantages in altering the mode or function of sensor units 15, 16 or other devices in the vehicle. For example, if sensor data 23 and 27 indicate high loads, temperature, or a specific context (such as the vehicle operating for an extended period), it may be desirable to obtain more information, and an appropriate control signal 41 might be to switch on more sensors or increase the sampling frequency, etc. Conversely, if sensor data 23 and 27 indicate normal operating conditions or that the vehicle is parked, an appropriate control signal 41 might include switching sensor units 15 and 16 to a low-power mode with reduced sampling frequency and / or reporting frequency.

[00119] Examples of control signals 41 may include one or more of the following: - a request to send additional sensor data; - power and / or actuation settings of a sensor unit 15; Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 42 / 71 36 / 50 - pairing of 16 additional sensor units that are identified as associated with vehicle 3; and - Mesh / network configurations for sensor units 15.

[00120] Control signals 41 are sent 172, 272 by server 31 to the respective devices that need to be controlled. This may include server 31 sending control signals 41 over network 18 to be received 174 by data collection device 11. Data collection device 11 may, in turn, send 176 control signal 41 to sensor units 15 and 16, actuators, truck 5 and / or vehicle subunit 7. This may include transmission of control signal 41 by the first and / or second communication module 51 and 59. In other examples, control signal 41 may be transmitted via alternative communication paths. For example, vehicle 3 may have other transceivers on board that may receive control signal 41 via a cellular network or other RF networks.

[00121] Although the above example has been described with reference to server 31 performing the steps of determining 170 the control signals 41 and sending 172 the control signals 41, it should be understood that some or all of these steps may be performed on other devices, such as the data collection device 11, the mobile communication device 66, or a computer communicating with the system 1 (such as a computer operated in the organization's operations and control center). Advantages

[00122] The data collection device 11 can collect information from sensor units 15 and 16 without prior pairing of the components (as master and subordinate). This can be advantageous because sensor units 15 and 16 can be from various manufacturers, without the data collection device 11 being limited to use with specific proprietary components or standards. This can simplify integration into fleets that may have a combination of trailers and sensor units from different manufacturers. This increases interoperability between brands and, in some cases, Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 43 / 71 37 / 50 examples, the data collection device 11 can be updated or adapted to new or additional communication protocols or specifications as new sensor units come to market.

[00123] Examples of system 1 can also identify unexpected sensor units 15 and 16, which can be useful for detecting errors and omissions when operators connect specific truck 5 and trailer 10 combinations. This can reduce instances of incorrect reporting, underreporting, or even fraudulent reporting.

[00124] System 1 and methods 100 and 200 described can also reduce the burden of manual reporting, such as ease of data entry and selection of sensor units and trailers. Notifications 33 and recommendations 37 can assist the operator in easily selecting devices and components near the truck 5. In other examples, the system and method allow for automatic identification of sensor units and trailers.

[00125] The system can also improve functionality by allowing the control signals 41 to cause the system elements to behave more efficiently and / or accurately. Variations An example of a specific implementation.

[00126] Figure 7 illustrates a specific example of the implementation of a system 81 for monitoring vehicles 3. System 81 includes many features of the system mentioned above, and similar features have been provided with corresponding reference numerals. System 81 also includes data flow from server 31 with three other entities, namely: - Platform administrator 83; - 84 tracking app; and - system that displays vehicle-based weight monitoring 85.

[00127] The administrator of platform 83 may have a computer, computer terminal, or other node that allows broad access to the data and Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 44 / 71 38 / 50 control of the system 81. For example, the administrator may have access to vehicle data, corresponding sensor data, as well as notifications 33, view error messages, etc. The platform administrator 83 may also have the authority to authorize control signals 41. The administrator may also have the authority to reset systems, configure sensors and other equipment in the system 81.

[00128] The tracking application 84 can be implemented on a computer, terminal, node, portable communication device, etc. This tracking application can be used by an organization, such as a company, regulatory authority, research organizations, etc., to view data in the system 81. This can be useful for tracking vehicles 3 as a fleet or, in other examples, tracking traffic volume and cargo for research and monitoring purposes. For example, a university researcher may wish to obtain data on the number of vehicles passing over a bridge or stretch of road and obtain the weight (as well as other data) of those vehicles. In other examples and applications, data anonymization can be applied to sensor and vehicle data to protect personal or business information.

[00129] The system displaying vehicle-based weight monitoring 85 may include a user interface accessible to the driver, mechanic, warehouse staff, or other operator associated with the vehicle 3. This may generate sensor data and the implications of the data to enable the operator to identify errors (such as configuration errors), load data (to enable balanced vehicle loading), as well as other configuration data relevant to the vehicle. In some examples, the user interface may be integrated into a vehicle display or other user interface. In other examples, this visualization may be presented on a dedicated terminal or other device. In other examples, this visualization may be displayed on a mobile communication device (such as a smartphone or tablet), laptop, desktop computer, etc. Variation of the system with multiple sensors communicating with the Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 45 / 71 39 / 50 server

[00130] Figure 9 illustrates another variation of system 301. In this variation, each of the sensor units 315 and 316 can functionally perform the data collection device 11 steps described above. In some examples, this may include combining the sensor unit modules with those of the data collection device 11. In other examples, the sensor units 315 and 316 are equipped with communication modules that allow communication with cellular networks 60. Thus, the sensor units can provide signals 13 to the server 31, through which the server 31 performs processing steps (such as the methods described above, including the steps performed by the data collection device 11 and the server 31).

[00131] Thus, in a variation of method 200 of Figure 5, server 31 receives 251 sensor data 23, 27 (which may include corresponding signals 13 to determine the sensor data) from sensor units 315, 316. In a further variation, server 31 may send control signals 41 to sensor units 315, 316 without going through a separate data collection device 11.

[00132] In some examples, sensor units 315, 316 are in communication with one or more other nearby sensor units to form a mesh network. In other examples, this mesh network facilitates the identification of sensor units 315, 316 that are following each other in a common vehicle 3. Variation of the operating mode without a trailer.

[00133] Although many of the examples above refer to system 1 being used when vehicle 3 includes a truck 3 pulling a trailer 10, it is important to note that the system may be operational to send sensor data to server 31 when the vehicle does not have a trailer (i.e., absence of vehicle subunits). In some examples, system 1 may determine the absence of signals 13 (or absence of advance signals 13 from selected sensor units 15) to indicate that truck 5 is not... Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 46 / 71 40 / 50 pulling a trailer 10, and this may be relevant information for recording and / or processing on server 31. This determination can be made on the data collection device 11 and / or on server 31. In addition, the sensor units 15 on the truck itself can also continue to send relevant data, such as weight data, which may be important for rigid trucks that can carry a load without a trailer 10. Variation in the automated determination of vehicle and operator configuration.

[00134] In some examples, the described system allows for high automation, requiring little or no user selection 17 to determine how vehicle 3 is configured. As noted above, in some examples, system 1 can automatically determine whether vehicle 3 is operating as a truck 3 without a trailer 10. In other examples, it can automatically determine the vehicle subunit 7, such as trailers 10, that are coupled and the order in which they are configured on the vehicle. That is, determine the vehicle's truck and trailer combination (and, in some cases, provide feedback as to whether the combination is authorized or not). In other examples, determine the types of sensors and their configuration on the vehicle.

[00135] In one example, determining the configuration may include one or more of the following: a. Identify the 10 trailers that are part of the combination based on proximity over one or more time periods. Proximity may, in some instances, be inferred by effective reception of the wireless signal 13 (where such wireless signals have limited range). The time period may include while vehicle 3 is stationary and / or in motion. b. Identify the specific position(s) of the trailer(s) in the combination; This may include one or more of the following: i. Bluetooth = This may include the use of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) or received power (RX). This may be an indicator of the relative distance between the sensor unit and the data collection device. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 47 / 71 41 / 50 In other examples, network nodes (including a mesh network) can determine the relative signal strengths of other nodes, which in turn can be used to determine a relative configuration of the nodes and the combination of vehicle subunits. In other examples, the network system may include direction finding capabilities (such as Bluetooth Direction Finding of BLE signals). ii. Data Matching - This can include matching data based on time and vehicle motion. For example, a vehicle passing over a road irregularity (e.g., speed bump, pothole, etc.), the accelerometer (or mass) sensors on the respective axles of the trailers will detect the changes at different times. For example, a first 10'' trailer detects the speed bump at t=0, and the second 10'' trailer detects the speed bump at t=0+1. If the system determines that the vehicle is moving forward, it can be determined that the first 10'' trailer is ahead of the second 10'' trailer. It is important to note that other sensors (or data types) can be used, such as changes relative to motion, changes in mass, etc. In addition to road irregularities, this principle can be extended to other changes affecting vehicle subunits, such as changes in direction, angular motion, other forces, etc. iii. Historical Data Matching - This can include data matching based on historical data. For example, this might include referencing historical data (which could include a data map) that includes historical settings with corresponding sensor data. For instance, there might be historical patterns for a trailer combination that include engine revolutions per minute (RPM), vehicle mass, and speed. Therefore, if a vehicle is operating with some of these parameters (e.g., similar RPM and vehicle speed) on a new day (and without specific user input on the trailer combination), the system can determine / confirm the trailer combination based on similar data from the sensor units that match those parameters. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 48 / 71 42 / 50 historical data. In another example, historical data matching can be based on route or usage. For example, a vehicle might regularly travel from one location to another while maintaining the same combination (like a truck traveling from a mine to a storage area). Therefore, the historical pattern is that the vehicle uses the same combination for each trip on that specific route. Thus, when the system determines that the vehicle is traveling on that route, the system can set the combination to one of the known historical combinations. iv. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Position. If the trailers (and / or their respective sensor units 15 and 16) have a receiver to determine the GNSS position, the respective positions can be used to determine the configuration of the vehicle subunits 3. It is important to note that this can be combined with vector mathematics to match the trailer positions. For example, taking into account the general direction, speed, and timing of the received signals in conjunction with the GNSS positions to determine the vehicle configuration.

[00136] In other examples, system 1 can automatically determine a driver / operator 6 and vehicle 3 combination. In some examples, the data collection device 11 is (or functionally is in part) a mobile communication device 66 of operator 6, which may have access to a plurality of vehicles in a fleet. Instead of manually entering details and / or pairing the mobile communication device 66 with the sensors or other components of vehicle 3, the operator can simply drive the vehicle. With use, the system can determine that the mobile communication device 66 of that specific operator 6 is traveling in the same pattern or in a similar (or close) pattern to the sensor units 15, 16 and / or other components of that specific vehicle.System 1, and in practical examples, server 31, can then associate operator 6, mobile communication device 66, and vehicle 3 as being operated together and record this fact and other data, as appropriate. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 49 / 71 43 / 50 This can be useful for supplementing or entering data into the logbook, timesheet, etc.

[00137] In some examples, determining the configuration of the sensor(s) and / or the respective vehicle subunit (such as a trailer combination) is based on the intensity and / or timing of the signals 13 (e.g., RSSI or RX). For example, a weaker wireless signal may indicate a sensor that is farther from the data collection device 11 than a signal from a stronger sensor. It is important to note that this may be indicative of distance, but not definitive, as sensors may transmit signals at different strengths. It is also important to note that signals may be attenuated by vehicle components. Therefore, in some examples, a lookup table of known signal strength, with the configuration and distance of the sensors and vehicle subunits, may be used to assist in determining the vehicle configuration.

[00138] In other examples, signal timing, such as pinging between the data collection device and the sensors, can be used to determine, or approximate, the distance between the components. In some examples, this may also include collecting data on the communication between the sensors and their respective timing and signal strength. The data collection device and the sensors are part of a wireless network, and in some examples, this may include determining the configuration of the sensors and / or subunits based on the configuration of the network components (nodes), which, in turn, may be indicative of the configuration of the sensors and the vehicle subunit. In some examples, the wireless network is a mesh network, and the network organization can be used to determine the configuration.

[00139] In other examples, system 1 can be useful for determining when a sensor unit 15 has failed due to the absence of receiving a signal 13. In other examples, system 1 can also determine when a sensor unit 15 has been replaced by another sensor unit 15 and update the selection 17 accordingly. For example, system 1 can identify Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 50 / 71 44 / 50 that an original selected unit, which should be there, is no longer online or sending signals 13, but has detected signals from an additional sensor unit 16 that is emitting signals that would be expected from the original selected sensor unit. Furthermore, system 1 can determine that the additional sensor unit 16 is near vehicle 3 and following vehicle 3. This information can be used to reliably determine that the additional sensor unit 16 is a replacement sensor, and the system can then record (or recommend) that the additional sensor unit 16 replace the original selected sensor unit 15 in the records. Variation with individual sensors communicating with a single data collection device.

[00140] Figure 10 illustrates an example of a vehicle monitoring system 3 with a single data collection device 11, which in this case is located on the truck 5. Sensor units 15 are installed on various vehicle subunits 7, such as axle groups 12. In this example, the sensor units 15 are in direct communication with the data collection device 11. The data collection device 11 may be in communication with a mobile communication device 66, as observed in the examples provided above.

[00141] In this example, additional vehicle subunits 8 that were not part of a user-specified (or otherwise determined) vehicle combination 1 are close to truck 5. The respective sensor units 16 of the additional vehicle subunits 8 also transmit signals that are received directly by the data collection device 11. The data collection device 11 (or the system) can then determine whether the additional sensor units 16 (or vehicle subunit 8, such as the additional trailer 14) are following truck 5. In response, the data collection device 11 (or system) can take further action, such as adding vehicle subunit 8 as part of the vehicle combination or sending a notification to the driver, fleet operator, or regulatory authority. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 51 / 71 45 / 50 or another user or entity regarding this fact. Variation with individual sensors in communication with mobile communication device.

[00142] Figure 11 illustrates an alternative example of a vehicle monitoring system 3, where each of the sensor units 15 and 16 transmits signals 13 directly to a mobile communication device 66. In this example, the sensor data 23 and 27 from signals 13 can be retransmitted from the mobile communication device 66 to the data collection device 11. The system 1, or its components, such as the data collection device, can then execute the methods described herein, such as identifying whether an additional sensor 16 or an additional vehicle subunit 8 is following the truck 3 and executing further steps in response. Variation with data collectors in some subunits and without sensors in at least one of the other subunits.

[00143] Figure 12 illustrates an example of a vehicle 1 including a truck 5 and a plurality of subunits 7. This includes the first and third trailers 10', 10''' which have associated sensor units 15. Notably, the second 10'' trailer, located between the first and second trailers, does not have sensors.

[00144] In this example, the data collection device 11 can, based on the signals 13, 13' from the sensor unit, determine the location or estimated location of the respective trailers. In this case, the signals 13' from the sensor units 15' of the third trailer 10''' would be received later than normally expected if the sensor were mounted on a second trailer. This may be based on a longer time of flight of the signal 13'.

[00145] In addition, the data collection device 11 (or server, or mobile communication device) can identify that the system is not receiving a signal from a trailer between the first and third trailers. Thus, from the distance / space of the third trailer, it can be determined that there is a second trailer 10'' (or other subunit) in between. The system can then issue a Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 52 / 71 46 / 50 notification informing that there is a second trailer without the respective sensors and requesting the operator to: check the sensors; install sensors; or enter data relating to the second trailer or the general configuration of the trailer.

[00146] This advantageously allows the system to be used with trailers that may not have sensor units 15 (e.g., for single use) or where a sensor unit has failed. At the same time, this still allows the unit to determine the vehicle configuration 3 (or prompt the user to enter vehicle configuration data 3) in such alternative cases. Variation with multiple data collection devices

[00147] Figure 13 illustrates an alternative variation of the vehicle monitoring system 3, in which the vehicle may have multiple data collection devices 11. In this example, each trailer 10', 10'', 10''' (as a vehicle subunit 7) has one or more respective data collection devices 11', 11'', 11''', 11'''. Thus, the sensors of the vehicle subunit can be configured to communicate with the data collection device 11 in that subunit (instead of communicating directly with the data communication device 11 in the truck 5). This can be advantageous for long vehicles, such as road trains, where the signals 13 (such as those from the final trailer) from the sensors may need to travel relatively long distances to reach a data collection device 11 in the truck 3.This can affect reliability, and having an 11', 11'', 11''', 11''' data collection device can increase the reliability of the system receiving the sensor data.

[00148] In some examples, the data communication devices 11', 11'', 11''', 11'''' may, in turn, communicate directly with the mobile communication device 66 and / or the data collection device 11 in the truck to relay sensor data. In other examples, the data communication devices in the vehicle subunits may include cellular communication means to send sensor data to the server, the data collection device 11 and / or the mobile communication device 66. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 53 / 71 47 / 50

[00149] In other examples, data communication devices in vehicle subunits can also function as asset trackers for an operator. This can include tracking usage, location, and other data from the trailer, axle group, and other components. Variations with network devices

[00150] Figs. 14 and 15 illustrate alternative examples in which vehicle 3 includes a network of networked device communications.

[00151] In some examples, one or more network devices are part of a network of devices in direct or indirect communication with the data collection device 11. In some examples, the network device may include a repeater 116 (e.g., a network extender) that relays messages from a sensor to the data collection device. It should be noted that network devices may include other devices that are nodes in the network. Network devices 115 may also include sensor units 15, 16, an identification beacon, another communication device, etc.

[00152] In some examples, the signals and / or identification of network devices may be used to assist in determining the vehicle configuration and / or whether there is an unauthorized sensor, vehicle subunit, or other component traveling with the vehicle.

[00153] Thus, method 100 may include the periodic or continuous reception, by the data collection device 11, of network signals 113 transmitted by one or more network devices 115, 116, 15, 16 in the vicinity of vehicle 3. The method further includes determining, from the network signals 113: - a first class of network signals associated with the respective known, expected or authorized vehicle subunit(s) 7 connected to the truck 5; and - a second class of network signals associated with the unknown or unauthorized additional vehicle subunit 8. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 54 / 71 48 / 50

[00154] The first class of network signals can be used to determine the configuration of the vehicle subunits 7. This may include the order of the trailer combination 10 for vehicle 3. In some examples, the second class of network signals can also be used to determine an additional unknown or unauthorized vehicle subunit 8. This may be an additional trailer 14 that has consistently followed the vehicle, leading to an assessment that it has been connected to vehicle 3.

[00155] In some examples, the signal timing and / or signal strength of network signals can be used to determine the configuration of vehicle subunits. In other examples, network characteristics, such as the organization of a mesh network, can be used.

[00156] In some examples, each vehicle subunit, such as a trailer, may have a network device 115, but not necessarily a sensor unit. With this method, it is possible to determine the configuration of a sensorless trailer in vehicle 3, using the network device to assist in detecting and determining the trailer in the vehicle.

[00157] Fig. 14 illustrates an example where a plurality of network devices 115 form a mesh network. In this example, this may include sensor units 15 and 16 that communicate with repeaters or other network devices. The mesh network can allow a single network device to form multiple communication paths with a plurality of network devices to increase robustness. Thus, if one of the network devices fails, for example, repeater 115', the sensor units can still communicate signals and data through the remaining repeaters.

[00158] Figure 15 illustrates an example of a system with a local area network that combines features from other examples described above. In this example, multiple data collection devices 11, 11', 11'' are provided in truck 5, vehicle subunit 7, and additional vehicle subunit 8. The second trailer 10'' does not have a data collection device 11, but rather a repeater 116 to allow the sensors in the second trailer 10'' to communicate with Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 55 / 71 49 / 50 at least one of the data collection devices 11. This can provide additional redundancy in case one of the data collection devices fails.

[00159] This example also includes additional sensor units 15' located elsewhere on the vehicle subunits, which may include temperature sensors, pressure sensors, etc. Although not marked in Figure 15, it is important to note that other examples may include the sensor units and other network devices operating with a mesh network. Variation with data collection device communicating with the server.

[00160] Figure 16 illustrates another system alternative where the data collection device 11 is in communication with the sensors 15 and the server 73 (via network 18, which may include cellular communication with the station 60). The data collection device 11 can receive, periodically or continuously, signals 13 from the sensor units 15. The data collection device 11 can also send the signals 13 (or corresponding set(s) 21, 25 of sensor data 27 based on these signals 12) to the server 31. This can be done independently and without a mobile communication device 66.

[00161] In some examples, selection 17 to associate truck 5 with sensor units 15 and subunits 7 connected to the truck can be made independently of a mobile communication device 66. For example, truck and subunit combinations may have been specified in a work order or service order, or the combination is communicated to server 31 / organization 88 by other means (such as paper documents, fax, email, telephone, etc.). Therefore, some system 1 configurations can operate without a mobile communication device. Processing device Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 56 / 71 50 / 50

[00162] Fig. 17 illustrates an example of a processing device 57, 91. The processing device may take the form of a computer. The processing device 91 may be used in the data collection device 11, the mobile communication device 66, and / or the server 9. A processing device may also be used with one or more devices associated with the organization 88. The processing device 91 includes a processor 93, a memory 94, and an interface device 95 that communicate with each other via a bus 96. The memory 94 stores instructions 97 and data 98 ​​to implement the method 100, 200 described above, and the processor 93 executes the instructions from the memory 98 to implement the methods 100, 200. The interface device 95 facilitates communication with the communication network 18 and, in some examples, with the user interface and other peripherals.It should be noted that, although the processing device may be an independent network element, server 31 may also be part of another network element. Furthermore, the functions performed by processing device 91 may be distributed among multiple network elements.

[00163] It will be recognized by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and / or modifications can be made to the modalities described above, without departing from the broad general scope of the present description. The present modalities should, therefore, be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. Petition 870250087533, dated 09 / 26 / 2025, pp. 57 / 71

Claims

1 / 9 CLAIMS 1. Method (100) for monitoring a vehicle (3) comprising a truck (5) and at least one connected vehicle subunit (7), the method characterized in that it comprises: - receiving (110) a selection (17) to associate the truck (5) with one or more selected sensor units (15), wherein the selected sensor units (15) are physically associated with the respective vehicle subunit (7) connected to the truck (5); - receiving (120) periodically or continuously, by means of a data collection device (11) associated with the vehicle (3), signals (13) transmitted by one or more sensor units (15, 16) in the vicinity of the truck (5); - determining (130) from the signals (13): - a first set (21) of sensor data (23) associated with one or more selected sensor units (15) and the respective vehicle subunit (7);and - a second set (25) of sensor data (27) associated with, if any, one or more additional sensor units (16) in the vicinity of the truck (5) that exclude the first set (21) of sensor data (23); - store (140) the first set (21) of sensor data (23) with associated time information (29); and - send (150) the first set (21) of sensor data (23) to a server (31).

2. Method (100), according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises: - storing (142) the second set (25) of sensor data (27) with associated time information (32); - identifying (160) whether one or more additional sensor units (16) are following the truck (5) based on the second set (25) of sensor data (27); and Petition 870250075601, dated 26 / 08 / 2025, page 9 / 149 2 / 9 - in response to the identification (160) of one or more additional sensor units (16) following the truck (5), sending (162) a notification (33) to indicate to one or more additional sensor units (16) and / or an additional vehicle subunit (8).

3. Method (100), according to claim 2, characterized in that the identification step (160) of whether one or more additional sensor units (16) are following the truck (5) is additionally based on additional contextual conditions, including one or more of the following: - movement of the truck (5); - distance between the additional sensor unit (16) and the data collection device (11) or truck (5); - signal strength of the received signals (13) associated with the additional sensor unit (16); - identity of the additional sensor unit (160) and / or its respective additional vehicle subunit (8); - historical or trend information; and - third-party input, such as third-party software (for task management or compliance) or data entry system.

4. Method (100), according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the notification (33) includes a request (35), recommendation (37) or control signal to include one or more additional sensor units (16) in the selection (17) to associate the additional sensor unit (16) and / or additional vehicle subunit (8) to the truck (5).

5. Method (100), according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that it further comprises: - sending (152) the second set (25) of sensor data (27) to the server (31), wherein the identification step (160) of whether one or more additional sensor units (16) are following the truck (5) is performed by the server Petition 870250075601, dated 26 / 08 / 2025, page 10 / 149 3 / 9 (31).

6. Method (100), according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the identification step (160) of whether one or more additional sensor units (16) are following the truck (5) is performed by the data collection device (11).

7. Method (100), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sending step (150) of the first set (21) of sensor data (23) to a server (31) comprises: - sending, by means of a second embedded communication module (34), from the data collection device (11) to the server (1); or - sending from the data collection device (11), by means of a mobile communication device (66), to the server (31).

8. Method (100), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises: - determining (170), based on the first set (21) of sensor data (23) and / or the second set (25) of sensor data (27) received, one or more control signals (41); and - sending (172) one or more control signals (41) to the data collection device (11), truck (5), vehicle subunit (7), one or more sensor units (15, 16) and / or one or more actuators associated with the vehicle (3).

9. Method (100), according to claim 8, characterized in that the one or more control signals (41) include one or more of the following: - a request to send additional sensor data; - power and / or actuation settings of a sensor unit (15); - pairing of additional sensor units (16); and - mesh / network settings for the sensor units (15).

10. Method (100), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises: Petition 870250075601, dated 26 / 08 / 2025, page 11 / 149 4 / 9 - periodically or continuously receiving, by means of the data collection device (11), network signals (113) transmitted by one or more network devices (115) in the vicinity of the vehicle (3) - determining, from the network signals (113), - a first class of network signals associated with the respective known or authorized vehicle subunit(s) (7) connected to the truck (5); and - a second class of network signals associated with the additional unknown or unauthorized vehicle subunit (8).

11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that it further comprises: - determining a configuration of the vehicle subunit(s) and / or additional vehicle subunits (8) based on signal timing, signal strength or network connection characteristics.

12. Data collection device (11) for monitoring a vehicle (3) with a truck (5) and at least one connected subunit (7), characterized in that the data collection device (11) comprises: - a first communication module (51) for receiving, periodically or continuously, (120) signals (13) transmitted by one or more sensor units (15, 16) in the vicinity of the truck (5); - a memory (53) for storing: - selection data (55) indicating a selection (17) of one or more sensor units (15) associated with the vehicle (3), wherein the selected sensor units (15) are physically associated with the respective vehicle subunit(s) (7) connected to the truck (5); and - sensor data (23, 27);- a processing device (57) configured to: - determine (130) from the signals (13) received in the first communication module (51): (i) a first set (21) of sensor data (23) associated with one or more selected sensor units (15) and their respective vehicle subunit (7); and (ii) a second set (25) of sensor data (27) associated with one or more sensor units (16) in the vicinity of the truck (5) that exclude the first set (21) of sensor data (23); - store (140) in memory (53) at least the first set (21) of sensor data (23) with the associated time information (29); and - send (150) the first set (21) of sensor data (23) to a server (31).; 13. Data collection device (11), according to claim 12, characterized in that the processing device (57) is additionally configured to: - store (142), in memory (53), the second set (25) of sensor data (27) with the associated time information (32); - identify (160) whether one or more additional sensor units (16) are following the truck (5) based on the second set (25) of sensor data (27); and - in response to the identification (160) of one or more additional sensor units (16) following the truck (5), send (162) a notification (33) to indicate to one or more additional sensor units (16) and / or an additional vehicle subunit (8).

14. Data collection device (11), according to claim 13, characterized in that the notification (33) is sent to a user interface (63) associated with the data collection device (11), to a portable communication device (65) associated with a vehicle user (67), to a vehicle processing device (69) and / or to the server (31).

15. Data collection device (11), according to claim 12, characterized in that the processing device (57) is additionally configured to: - send (152) the second set (25) of sensor data (27) to the server (31) to enable the server to identify (160) whether one or more additional sensor units (16) are following the truck (5) based on the second set (25) of sensor data (27); and - receive (163) from the server (31), in response to the identification of one or more additional sensor units (16) following the truck (5), a notification (33) to indicate to one or more additional sensor units (160) and / or additional vehicle subunit (8).

16. Data collection device (11), according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that it further comprises: - a second communication module (59) configured to communicate with a communication network (61), wherein the first set (21) of data from the sensors (23) is transmitted to the server (31) by means of the second communication module (59) and the communication network (61).

17. Data collection device (11), according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the processing device (57) is additionally configured to: - receive (174) one or more control signals (41) from the server (31), wherein the control signals (41) are determined by the server (31) based on the first set (21) and / or the second set (25) of sensor data (23, 27); and - send (176), by means of the first communication module (51) or another communication module (71), the one or more control signals (41) to the truck (5), vehicle subunit (7), one or more sensor units (15, 16) and / or one or more actuators associated with the vehicle (3).

18. System (1) for monitoring a vehicle (3) with a truck (5) and at least one connected vehicle subunit (7), the system (1) characterized in that it comprises: - at least one data collection device (11) configured to: - receive (120) signals (13) transmitted by one or more sensor units (15, 16) in the vicinity of the truck (5); and - send (150) to a server (31) data from the sensors (23, 27) based on the signals (13); - the server (31) configured to: - receive (112) a selection (17) of one or more selected sensor units (15) associated with the vehicle (3); - receive (151) data from the sensors (23, 27); and - identify (160), based on the sensor data (23, 27), whether one or more additional sensor units (16), other than one of the selected sensor units (1), are following the truck (5).

19. System (1), according to claim 18, characterized in that the server (31) is additionally configured to: - determine (170), based at least on the data from the sensors (23, 27), one or more control signals (41); and - send (172) one or more control signals (41) to the data collection device (11), truck (5), vehicle subunit (7), one or more sensor units (15, 16) and / or one or more actuators associated with the vehicle (3).

20. Method (200) for monitoring one or more vehicles (3) on a server (31), wherein each vehicle (3) comprises a truck (5) and at least one connected vehicle subunit (7), the method (200) characterized in that it comprises: - receiving (251) sensor data (23, 27) from a data collection device (11) associated with the vehicle (3), wherein the sensor data (23, 27) are based on signals (13) transmitted by one or more sensor units (15, 16) in the vicinity of the truck (5) and received by the data collection device (11); - identifying (260), based on the sensor data (23, 27), specific sensor units (15) that are following the truck (5); and - identify (261) one or more vehicle subunits (7) that are Petition 870250075601, dated 08 / 26 / 2025, page 15 / 149 8 / 9 connected to the truck (5) based on the specific sensor units (15) identified that are following the truck (5).

21. Method (200) for monitoring one or more vehicles (3) on a server (31), wherein each vehicle (3) comprises a truck (5) and at least one connected vehicle subunit (7), the method (200) characterized in that it comprises: - receiving (251) sensor data (23, 27) based on signals (13) transmitted by one or more sensor units (15, 16) in the vicinity of the truck (5); - identifying (260), based on the sensor data (23, 27), specific sensor units (15) that are following the truck (5); and - identifying (261) one or more vehicle subunits (7) that are connected to the truck (5) based on the identified specific sensor units (15) that are following the truck (5).

22. Method (200), according to claim 21, characterized in that it further comprises: - determining, based on data from sensors (23, 27) and / or signals (13), a configuration of vehicle subunits and / or sensors in the vehicle.

23. Method (200), according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that it further comprises: - storing (265) in a data repository (73) vehicle data (75) indicating: - the specific sensor units identified (15) following the truck (5); - the one or more identified vehicle subunits (7) connected to the truck (5); and - sensor data (23, 27) associated with the vehicle (3).

24. Method (200), according to any one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that it further comprises: - determining (270), based at least on sensor data (23, Petition 870250075601, dated 26 / 08 / 2025, p. 16 / 149 9 / 9 27), one or more control signals (41); and - sending (272) one or more control signals (41) to the data collection device (11), truck (5), vehicle subunit (7), one or more sensor units (15, 16) and / or one or more actuators associated with the vehicle (3). Petition 870250075601, dated 26 / 08 / 2025, p. 17 / 149

Images