SIDE LINK TRANSMISSION METHOD AND TERMINAL DEVICE

Description

SIDE LINK TRANSMISSION METHOD AND TERMINAL DEVICE FIELD OF TECHNIQUE

[001] This application relates to the field of communication technologies and, more specifically, to a side-link transmission method and a terminal device. BACKGROUND

[002] To improve the transmission rate of a side-link communication system, one can consider extending a frequency band for side-link communication to a high-frequency band (e.g., a frequency band higher than 52.6 GHz). As the frequency increases, the subcarrier spacing increases and, correspondingly, the duration corresponding to a symbol decreases. In this case, there is currently no suitable solution for carrying out the transmission and feedback of side-link data. SUMMARY

[003] This application provides a side-link transmission method and a terminal device. The aspects related to this application are described below.

[004] According to a first aspect, a side-link transmission method is provided, including: receiving or transmitting, by a first terminal device, a first PSFCH in a first time unit, where the first PSFCH is used to carry a first side-link feedback information corresponding to one or more shared physical side-link channels, PSSCH, in a second time unit; and any of the Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 9 / 577 2 / 240 is the first unit of time, and the second unit of time includes M consecutive intervals, where M is a positive integer greater than 1.

[005] According to a second aspect, a terminal device is provided, wherein the terminal device is a first terminal device, and the first terminal device includes a communication module, configured to receive or transmit a first PSFCH in a first time unit, wherein the first PSFCH is used to carry a first side link feedback information corresponding to one or more shared physical side link channels, PSSCH, in a second time unit; and any one of the first time unit and the second time unit includes M consecutive intervals, wherein M is a positive integer greater than 1.

[006] According to a third aspect, a terminal device is provided, including a transceiver, a memory and a processor, where the memory is configured to store a program, and the processor is configured to invoke the program in memory and control the transceiver to receive or transmit a signal, to cause the terminal device to execute the method according to the first aspect.

[007] According to a fourth aspect, a device is provided including a processor configured to invoke a program from memory, to make the device execute the method according to the first aspect.

[008] According to a fifth aspect, a chip is provided including a processor configured for Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 10 / 577 3 / 240 Invoke a program from memory to cause a device installed with the chip to execute the method according to the first aspect.

[009] According to a sixth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, where the computer-readable storage medium stores a program, and the program causes a computer to execute the method according to the first aspect.

[0010] According to a seventh aspect, a computer program product is provided, including a program, where the program causes a computer to execute a method according to the first aspect.

[0011] According to an eighth aspect, a computer program is provided, where the computer program causes a computer to execute the method according to the first aspect.

[0012] In the modalities of this request, side link data is transmitted and fed back based on time units, where a time unit includes a plurality of intervals, thus effectively improving the transmission and feedback efficiency of side link data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 is an exemplary diagram of a system architecture for a wireless communications system to which the embodiments of this application are applicable.

[0014] Figure 2 is an exemplary diagram of a side-link communication scenario within the network coverage.

[0015] Figure 3 is an illustrative diagram. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 11 / 577 4 / 240 of a side-link communication scenario with partial network coverage.

[0016] Figure 4 is an exemplary diagram of a side link communication scenario outside the network coverage.

[0017] Figure 5 is an illustrative diagram of a side-link communication scenario based on a central control node.

[0018] Figure 6 is an illustrative diagram of a broadcast-based side link communication mode.

[0019] Figure 7 is an illustrative diagram of a side link communication mode based on point-to-point broadcasting.

[0020] Figure 8 is an illustrative diagram of a multicast-based side link communication mode.

[0021] Figure 9A is an illustrative diagram of a range structure used for a side-link communications system.

[0022] Figure 9B is another example diagram of a range structure used for a side-link communications system.

[0023] Figure 10 is an illustrative diagram of a side-link feedback scenario.

[0024] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a time-domain demodulation (DMRS) reference signal pattern that can be used by a physical shared side link channel (PSSCH) with 13 symbols in length.

[0025] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 12 / 577 5 / 240 a frequency domain position of a DMRS of a physical side-link control channel (PSCCH).

[0026] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a gap structure for transmitting a side-link synchronization signal block (side-link synchronization signal block, S-SSB).

[0027] Figure 14 is an illustrative diagram of a communication scenario for a wide-beam communication system.

[0028] Figure 15 is an illustrative diagram of a communication scenario for a narrow beam communication system.

[0029] Figure 16 is a schematic flowchart of a mode of use of a transmission configuration indicator state (transmission configuration indicator, TCI).

[0030] Figure 17 is a schematic flowchart of a side link transmission mode according to one embodiment of this request.

[0031] Figure 18A is an illustrative diagram of a time unit structure, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0032] Figure 18B is another illustrative diagram of a one-time-unit structure, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0033] Figure 18C is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0034] Figure 18D is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 13 / 577 6 / 240

[0035] Figure 19A is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0036] Figure 19B is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0037] Figure 19C is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0038] Figure 19D is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0039] Figure 19E is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0040] Figure 19F is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0041] Figure 20 is an illustrative diagram of a method for indexing a time-domain resource allocation indicator field, according to one modality of this request.

[0042] Figure 21 is another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one modality of this request.

[0043] Figure 22 is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0044] Figure 23 is yet another illustrative diagram of a unit of time, according to a Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 14 / 577 7 / 240 modality of this request.

[0045] Figure 24 is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0046] Figure 25 is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0047] Figure 26 is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0048] Figure 27 is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0049] Figure 28 is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0050] Figure 29 is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0051] Figure 30 is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0052] Figure 31 is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0053] Figure 32 is a schematic flowchart of a side link transmission method according to another embodiment of this application.

[0054] Figure 33 is an exemplary diagram of a lateral link feedback mode, according to a Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 15 / 577 8 / 240 modality of this request.

[0055] Figure 34 is another exemplary diagram of a side link feedback mode, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0056] Figure 35 is yet another exemplary diagram of a side-link feedback mode, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0057] Figure 36 is yet another exemplary diagram of a side link feedback mode, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0058] Figure 37 is yet another exemplary diagram of a side-link feedback mode, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0059] Figure 38 is a schematic flowchart of a method for lateral link communication according to one modality of this request.

[0060] Figure 39 is yet another exemplary diagram of a unit of time, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0061] Figure 40 is yet another exemplary diagram of a unit of time, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0062] Figure 41 is yet another exemplary diagram of a unit of time, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0063] Figure 42 is yet another exemplary diagram of a unit of time, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0064] Figure 43A is yet another exemplary diagram of a unit of time, according to a Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 16 / 577 9 / 240 modality of this

[0065] exemplary modality of this

[0066] exemplary modality of this

[0067] exemplary modality of this

[0068] exemplary modality of this

[0069] exemplary modality of this

[0070] exemplary modality of this

[0071] exemplary modality of this

[0072] exemplary modality of this

[0073] exemplary modality of this

[0074] example request. Figure 43B of an order unit. Figure 43C shows a unit order. Figure 44A shows an order unit. Figure 44B of an order unit. Figure 45 shows a unit order. Figure 46A shows an order unit. Figure 46B of an order unit. Figure 47A shows an order unit. Figure 47B of an order unit. Figure 47C of a unit of is yet another time, according to is yet another time, according to is yet another time, according to is yet another time, according to is yet another time, according to is yet another time, according to is yet another time, according to is yet another time, according to is yet another time, according to diagram with a diagram with a diagram with a diagram with a diagram with a diagram with a diagram with a diagram with a diagram with a diagram with a diagram with a Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 17 / 577 10 / 240 modality of this request.

[0075] Figure 48 is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0076] Figure 49A is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0077] Figure 49B is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0078] Figure 50 is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0079] Figure 51 is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0080] Figure 52 is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0081] Figure 53 is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0082] Figure 54 is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0083] Figure 55 is yet another illustrative diagram of a time unit, according to one embodiment of this request.

[0084] Figure 56 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device, according to a Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 18 / 577 11 / 240 modality of this request.

[0085] Figure 57 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus, according to an embodiment of this application. DESCRIPTION OF MODALITIES COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

[0086] Figure 1 is an illustrative diagram of a system architecture for a wireless communications system 100 to which the embodiments of this application are applicable. The wireless communications system 100 may include a network device 110 and a terminal device 120. The network device 110 may be a device that communicates with the terminal device 120. The network device 110 may provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area and may communicate with the terminal device 120 located within the coverage.

[0087] Figure 1 shows a network device and a terminal device as examples. Optionally, the wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network devices 110 and / or one or more terminal devices 120. For a network device 110, the one or more terminal devices 120 may be located within the network coverage of the network device 110, or may be located outside the network coverage of the network device 110, or may be located partially within the network coverage of the network device 110 and partially outside the network coverage of the network device 110, which is not limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0088] Optionally, the 100 wireless communications system may additionally include another network entity, Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 19 / 577 12 / 240 as a network controller or a mobility management entity, which is not limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0089] It should be understood that the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application can be applied to various communications systems, such as a 5th generation (5G) system or a new radio (NR) system, a long-term evolution (LTE) system, a frequency-division duplex (FDD) LTE system and a time-division duplex (TDD) LTE system. The technical solutions provided in this application can additionally be applied to a future communications system, such as a 6th generation mobile communications system or a satellite communications system.

[0090] The terminal device in embodiments of this application may also be referred to as user equipment (UE), an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile site, a mobile station (MS), a mobile terminal (MT), a remote station, a remote terminal device, a mobile device, a user terminal, a wireless communications device, a user agent, or a user apparatus. The terminal device in embodiments of this application may be a device that provides a user with voice and / or data connectivity and is capable of connecting people, objects, and machines, such as a portable device or a vehicle-mounted device that has a wireless connection function. The terminal device in embodiments of this application may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer (Pad), a notebook, a handheld computer, a mobile internet device (MID), a wearable device, a vehicle, a wireless terminal in control Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 20 / 577 13 / 240 industrial, a wireless terminal in autonomous driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical surgery, a wireless terminal in a smart power grid, a wireless terminal in transportation security, a wireless terminal in a smart city, a wireless terminal in a smart home, or similar. For example, the terminal device can serve as a scheduling entity that provides a side-link signal between terminal devices in vehicle-to-everything (V2X), device-to-device (D2D), or similar communications. For example, a cell phone and a vehicle communicate with each other via a side-link signal. A cell phone and a smart home device communicate with each other without relaying a communication signal through a base station. Optionally, the terminal device can be configured to serve as a base station.

[0091] The network device in the embodiments of this request may be a device configured to communicate with the terminal device. The network device may also be referred to as an access network device or a radio access network device. For example, the network device may be a base station. The network device in the embodiments of this request may be a radio access network (RAN) node (or device) that connects the terminal device to a wireless network. The base station may broadly encompass devices with the following names, or may be interchanged with devices with the following names, such as a Node B (NodeB), an evolved Node B (eNB), a next-generation Node B (gNB), a relay station, an access point, a transmit and receive point (point). Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 21 / 577 14 / 240 transmission and reception (TRP), a transmission point (TP), a master eNode B (MeNB), a secondary eNode B (SeNB), a multi-pattern radio node (MSR), a home base station, a network controller, an access node, a wireless node, an access point (AP), a transmission node, a transceiver node, a baseband unit (BBU), a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), a remote radio head (RRH), a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), and a positioning node. The base station may be a macro base station, a micro base station, a relay node, a donor node, or something similar, or a combination thereof. Alternatively, the base station may be a communications module, a modem, or a chip disposed within the device or apparatus described above.Alternatively, the base station may be a mobile switching center, a device that functions as a base station in D2D, V2X, or M2M device-to-device communications, a network-side device in a 6G network, a device that functions as a base station in a future communications system, or similar. The base station may support networks with the same access technology or different access technologies. A specific technology and a specific device used by the network device are not limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0092] The base station can be a fixed or mobile base station. For example, a helicopter or an unmanned aerial vehicle can be configured to act as a mobile base station, and one or more cells can move based on the position of the mobile base station. In another example, a helicopter or an unmanned aerial vehicle can be configured to Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 22 / 577 15 / 240 serve as a device in communication with another base station.

[0093] In some deployments, the network device in the modalities of this request may be a CU or a DU, or the network device includes both a CU and a DU. The gNB may additionally include an AAU.

[0094] The network device and the terminal device may be deployed on land, including in indoor or outdoor environments, portable or vehicle-mounted, may be deployed on the water surface, or may be deployed on an airplane, a balloon, or a satellite in the air. In embodiments of this application, a scenario in which the network device and the terminal device are located is not limited. Side link communication in different network coverage states

[0095] Side-link communication means a communication technology based on a side link. Side-link communication can be, for example, device-to-device (D2D) or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. Communication data in a conventional cellular system is received or transmitted between a terminal device and a network device, while side-link communication supports the direct transmission of communication data between terminal devices. Compared to conventional cellular communication, the direct transmission of communication data between terminal devices can have higher spectral efficiency and lower transmission delay. For example, a vehicle-to-everything system uses a side-link communication technology.

[0096] Side link communication can be Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 23 / 577 16 / 240 is classified, depending on the network coverage status of the terminal device, into side-link communication within network coverage, side-link communication with partial network coverage, and side-link communication outside network coverage.

[0097] Figure 2 is an illustrative diagram of a side-link communication scenario within the network coverage. In the scenario shown in Figure 2, two terminal devices 120a are both located within the coverage of a network device 110. Therefore, both terminal devices 120a can receive configuration signaling (where configuration signaling in this order can alternatively be replaced by configuration information) from network device 110 and determine a side-link configuration based on the configuration signaling from network device 110. After performing the side-link configuration, both terminal devices 120a can perform side-link communication on a side link.

[0098] Figure 3 is an illustrative diagram of a side-link communication scenario with partial network coverage. In the scenario shown in Figure 3, a terminal device 120a performs side-link communication with a terminal device 120b. Terminal device 120a is located within the coverage of a network device 110. Therefore, terminal device 120a can receive configuration signaling from network device 110 and determine a side-link configuration based on the configuration signaling from network device 110. Terminal device 120b is located outside the Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 24 / 577 17 / 240 network coverage and cannot receive the configuration signaling from network device 110. In this case, terminal device 120b can determine a side link configuration based on pre-configuration information and / or information carried on a physical side link broadcast channel (PSBCH) transmitted by terminal device 120a located within network coverage. After performing the side link configuration, both terminal device 120a and terminal device 120b can perform side link communication on a side link.

[0099] Figure 4 is an illustrative diagram of a side-link communication scenario outside network coverage. In the scenario shown in Figure 4, two 120b terminal devices are located outside network coverage. In this case, both 120b terminal devices can determine a side-link configuration based on pre-configuration information. After performing the side-link configuration, both 120b terminal devices can perform side-link communication on a side-link. Lateral Link Communication Based on a Central Control Node

[00100] Figure 5 is an illustrative diagram of a side-link communication scenario based on a central control node. In the side-link communication scenario, a plurality of terminal devices can form a communication group, and the communication group has a central control node. The central control node can be a terminal device (for example, a terminal device 1 Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 25 / 577 18 / 240 in Figure 5) in the communication group, and the terminal device may also be referred to as a group header (CH) terminal device. The central control node may be responsible for implementing one or more of the following functions: establishing a communication group, adding a member to the group or removing a member from the group of a communication group, coordinating resources within a communication group, allocating side-link transmission resources to another terminal device, receiving side-link feedback information from another terminal device, and coordinating resources with another communication group. SIDE LINK COMMUNICATION MODE

[00101] Two side-link communication modes are defined in some standards or protocols (e.g., the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)): a first mode and a second mode.

[00102] In the first mode, a resource (the resource mentioned in this application may also be called a transmission resource, such as a time frequency resource) of a terminal device is allocated by a network device. The terminal device can transmit data on a side link using the resource allocated by the network device. The network device may allocate a resource for a single transmission moment to the terminal device, or it may allocate a resource for semi-static transmission to the terminal device. The first mode can be applied to a scenario where there is network device coverage, for example, the scenario shown in Figure 2. In the scenario shown in Figure 2, terminal device 120a is located within the network coverage of network device 110. Therefore, the device of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 26 / 577 19 / 240 network 110 can allocate, to terminal device 120a, a resource used in a side link transmission process.

[00103] In the second mode, the terminal device can independently select one or more resources from a resource set (RP). The terminal device can then perform side-link transmission using the selected resource. For example, in the scenario shown in Figure 4, terminal device 120b is located outside the cell coverage. Therefore, terminal device 120b can independently select a resource from a pre-configured resource set to perform side-link transmission. Alternatively, in the scenario shown in Figure 2, terminal device 120a can independently select one or more resources from a resource set configured by network device 110 to perform side-link transmission. MODES OF DATA TRANSMISSION FOR LATERAL LINK COMMUNICATION

[00104] Some side-link communication systems (such as long-term evolution vehicle-to-everything (LTEV2X)) support a broadcast-based data transmission mode (referred to as broadcast transmission below for short). For broadcast transmission, a receiving end terminal can be any terminal device surrounding a transmitting end terminal. For example, in Figure 6, terminal device 1 is a transmitting end terminal, and a receiving end terminal corresponding to the transmitting end terminal is any terminal device surrounding terminal device 1, for example, it could be a device Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 27 / 577 20 / 240 terminal 2 to a terminal device 6 in Figure 6.

[00105] In addition to broadcast transmission, some communication systems also support a point-to-point broadcast-based data transmission mode (referred to as point-to-point broadcast transmission for short) and / or a multi-broadcast-based data transmission mode (referred to as multi-broadcast transmission for short). For example, the new vehicle-to-everything radio (NR-V2X) is expected to support autonomous driving. Autonomous driving places higher requirements on data interaction between vehicles. For example, data interaction between vehicles requires higher throughput, lower latency, greater reliability, greater coverage, a more flexible resource allocation method, and so on. Therefore, to improve the performance of data interaction between vehicles, NR-V2X introduces point-to-point broadcast transmission and multi-broadcast transmission.

[00106] For point-to-point broadcast transmission, the receiving end terminal usually includes only one terminal device. For example, in Figure 7, point-to-point broadcast transmission is performed between a terminal device 1 and a terminal device 2. Terminal device 1 can be a transmitting end terminal and terminal device 2 can be a receiving end terminal. Alternatively, terminal device 1 can be a receiving end terminal and terminal device 2 can be a transmitting end terminal.

[00107] For multicast transmission, the receiving end terminal can be devices Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 28 / 577 21 / 240 terminals in a communication group, or the receiving end terminal, can be terminal devices within a specific transmission distance. For example, in Figure 8, a terminal device 1, a terminal device 2, a terminal device 3, and a terminal device 4 constitute a communication group. If terminal device 1 transmits data, all other terminal devices (terminal device 2 to terminal device 4) in the group can be receiving end terminals. Interval structure for lateral link communication.

[00108] In a communications system, a frame, a subframe, or a side-link communication range structure can be defined. In some side-link communication systems, a plurality of range structures is defined. For example, two range structures are defined in an NR-based side-link communication system (NRSL). One of the range structures does not include any physical side-link feedback channel (PSFCH), as shown in Figure 9A; and the other of the range structures includes a PSFCH, as shown in Figure 9B.

[00109] A PSCCH in the NR SL can use a second side link symbol from a range as a time-domain starting position, and the PSCCH can occupy two or three time-domain symbols (each symbol mentioned here can refer to an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol). In the frequency domain, the PSCCH can occupy a plurality of physical resource blocks (PRBs). For example, a number of PRBs occupied by the PSCCH Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 29 / 577 22 / 240 can be selected from the following values: {10, 12, 15, 20, 25}.

[00110] To reduce the complexity of blind detection performed by a terminal device in PSCCH, generally, in a feature set, only a certain number of symbols and a certain number of PRBs are configured for PSCCH. Furthermore, since NR SL uses a subchannel as the minimum granularity for PSCCH feature allocation, the number of PRBs occupied by PSCCH must be less than or equal to the number of PRBs included in a subchannel in a feature set.

[00111] With reference to Figure 9A, for a gap structure excluding the PSFCH, the PSSCH in the NR SL can use a second side-link symbol in the gap as a time-domain starting position. The last side-link symbol in the gap is used as a guard period (GP), and a remaining symbol can be used to map the PSSCH, where the guard period can also be referred to as a guard symbol. The first side-link symbol in the gap can be a repetition of the second side-link symbol. Generally, a terminal device such as a receiving end uses the first side-link symbol as a symbol to perform automatic gain control (AGC). Thus, the data in the first side-link symbol is generally not used for data demodulation.PSSCH can occupy K subchannels in the frequency domain, and each subchannel can include M consecutive PRBs (the values ​​of K and M can be predefined in a protocol, or preconfigured, or configured by a network device, or determined depending on the device implementation). Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 30 / 577 23 / 240 terminal).

[00112] Figure 9B shows an interval structure including a PSFCH, and Figure 9B schematically shows the symbol positions occupied by a PSFCH, a PSCCH, and a PSSCH in an interval. The interval structure differs mainly from the interval structure in Figure 9A, in that a penultimate symbol and antepenultimate symbol in the interval are used to transmit a PSFCH, and, in addition, a symbol before the symbol used to transmit the PSFCH is also used as a GP (or a guard symbol). It can be learned from the interval structure shown in Figure 9B that, in an interval, the last symbol is used as GP, the penultimate symbol is used to transmit the PSFCH, and the data in the antepenultimate symbol is the same as the data in the penultimate symbol used to transmit the PSFCH, i.e., the antepenultimate symbol is used as a symbol to perform the AGC, and the fourth to last symbol has the same function as the last symbol and is also used as GP.Furthermore, a first symbol in the range is used for the AGC; the data in that symbol is the same as the data in a second symbol in the range. The PSCCH occupies three symbols, and the remaining symbols can be used to transmit the PSSCH. PSFCH TRANSMISSION RESOURCE

[00113] To reduce the overhead of a PSFCH, some communication systems specify that one interval in every N intervals includes a PSFCH transmission feature (or so-called side-link feedback feature). In other words, one period of the side-link feedback feature is N intervals. A value of N, for example, could be 1, 2, or 4. The parameter N mentioned in this document could be Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 31 / 577 24 / 240 pre-configured or can be configured by a network device.

[00114] Figure 10 shows a side-link feedback scenario corresponding to a case where the value of N is 4. As can be seen in Figure 10, the side-link feedback information from PSSCHs transmitted in intervals 1, 2, 3, and 4 is all transmitted in interval 7. Therefore, the intervals {1, 2, 3, 4} can be considered as a set of intervals, and the PSFCHs corresponding to the PSSCHs transmitted in the intervals within the set of intervals are located in the same interval.

[00115] If a transmitting end device (i.e., a terminal device as a transmitting end) transmits a PSCCH / PSSCH at an interval n, a receiving end device (i.e., a terminal device as a receiving end) transmits a PSFCH at the first available interval after an interval n+k, where k is a configuration parameter. A value of k can be 2 or 3. For example, in Figure 10, a network device is configured so that k = 2, the transmitting end device transmits a PSCCH / PSSCH at an interval 4, and the receiving end device transmits a PSFCH at the first available interval after an interval 6, i.e., at an interval 7. DMRS STRUCTURE OF PSCCH AND PSSCH

[00116] A PSSCH supports a plurality of time-domain DMRS standards. Table 1 shows the definition of a time-domain DMRS standard of a PSSCH in some communication systems (such as an NR SL system). As shown in Table 1, in a feature set, if Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 32 / 577 If the number of PSSCH symbols (the number of PSSCH symbols includes a first symbol used for the AGC, but the number of PSSCH symbols does not include the last symbol used as GP, a PSFCH symbol, or AGC and GP symbols located before the PSFCH symbol) is greater than or equal to 11, a maximum of three different time-domain DMRS patterns can be configured. The three time-domain DMRS patterns are, respectively, a time-domain DMRS pattern including two DMRS symbols, a time-domain DMRS pattern including three DMRS symbols, and a time-domain DMRS pattern including four DMRS symbols. If the number of PSSCH symbols is 6, 7, or 8, only the time-domain DMRS pattern including two DMRS symbols can be configured for PSSCH. If the number of PSSCH symbols is 9 or 10, the time-domain DMRS pattern, including two or three DMRS symbols, can be configured for PSSCH.If the number of PSSCH symbols is 11, 12, or 13, the time-domain DMRS pattern, including two DMRS symbols, three DMRS symbols, or four DMRS symbols, can be configured for PSSCH.

[00117] Table 1 shows the symbol positions corresponding to the DMRSs of PSSCH with different symbol counts when a PSCCH occupies two symbols and three symbols, respectively. As can be seen in Table 1, the number of PSSCH symbols is greater than or equal to 6. In other words, the number of symbols (including no GP symbols) available for PSSCH transmission in a range must be greater than or equal to 6.

[00118] If a plurality of time-domain DMRS patterns is configured in a set of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 33 / 577 26 / 240 resources, a specific time-domain DMRS standard to be used is selected by a transmission device and indicated in the first-stage SCI. TABLE 1: QUANTITIES AND POSITIONS OF DMRS SYMBOLS FOR DIFFERENT QUANTITIES OF PSSCH AND PSCCH SYMBOLS Number of PSSCH symbols DMRS symbol position (relative to a first available symbol for PSSCH transmission) Number of PSSCH symbols being 2 Number of PSSCH symbols being 3 Number of DMRS symbols being 3 Number of DMRS symbols being 4 Number of DMRS symbols being 3 4 6 1, 5 1, 5 7 1, 5 1, 5 8 1, 5 1, 5 9 3, 8 1, 4, 7 4, 8 1, 4, 7 10 3, 8 1, 4, 7 4, 8 1, 4, 7 11 3, 10 1, 5, 9 1, 4, 7, 10 4, 10 1, 5, 9 1, 4, 7, 10 12 3, 10 1, 5, 9 1, 4, 7, 10 4, 10 1, 5, 9 1, 4, 7, 10 13 3, 10 1, 6, 11 1, 4, 7, 10 4, 10 1, 6, 11 1, 4, 7, 10

[00119] Figure 11 shows time-domain DMRS patterns that can be adopted by a PSSCH with a length of 13 symbols. When the number of PSSCH symbols is 13, if a GP symbol is added, all 14 symbols in a range can be used for side-link transmission. In the frequency domain, in any PRB in a symbol that includes a DMRS, there is a subcarrier carrying a DMRS every two subcarriers. For example, in a PRB, a Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 34 / 577 27 / 240 The DMRS of a PSSCH is located on subcarriers {n° 0, n° 2, n° 4, n° 6, n° 8, n° 10} in the PRB. [0012 0] In the time domain, a DMRS of a PSCCH is on all symbols occupied by the PSCCH. In the frequency domain, a PRB includes three subcarriers to carry the DMRS of the PSCCH. For example, the DMRS of the PSCCH is located on subcarriers {n° 1, n° 5, n° 9} of a PRB, as shown in Figure 12. PSBCH and PSBCH DMRS Structure

[00121] An S-SSB in a side-link communications system (such as NR SL) includes a side-link synchronization signal and a PSBCH, and the side-link synchronization signal is split into a primary side-link synchronization signal (S-PSS) and a secondary side-link synchronization signal (S-SSS). The S-SSB may also be referred to as an S-SS / PSBCH block.

[00122] In the time domain, S-PSS occupies the 2nd and 3rd symbols in an interval. S-SSS occupies the 4th and 5th symbols in an interval. A final symbol in an interval is a GP (or guard symbol), and a remaining symbol is used to transmit a PSBCH. S-PSS and S-SSS are continuous in the time domain, so a channel estimation result obtained based on S-PSS can be applied to SSSS detection, which is beneficial for improving S-SSS detection performance.

[00123] In the frequency domain, a PSBCH occupies 11 consecutive PRBs, that is, 132 subcarriers (each PRB includes 12 subcarriers). The length of the S-PSS and S-SSS is 127 and therefore, in the symbols where the S-PSS and S-SSS are located, the subcarriers n° 0, n° 1, n° 129, n° 130 and n° Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 35 / 577 28 / 240 131 are defined as zero, as shown in Figure 13.

[00124] A PSBCH DMRS is included in each symbol occupied by PSBCH, and is mapped to subcarrier #0, subcarrier #4, and subcarrier #8 in each RB occupied by PSBCH. MULTIPLE BEAM SYSTEM

[00125] A design objective of a communications system (e.g., an NR system) includes high-bandwidth communication with a high-frequency band (e.g., a frequency band above 6 GHz). As an operating frequency increases, path loss in the transmission process increases, affecting the coverage capacity of a high-frequency system. Therefore, to effectively ensure coverage of a high-frequency band, an effective technical solution is to form a higher-gain beam based on massively multi-input multiple-output (massive MIMO) to overcome propagation loss and ensure the coverage of a communications system.

[00126] Currently, a common large-scale antenna array is a millimeter-wave antenna array. Because the wavelength emitted by the millimeter-wave antenna array is relatively short, the spacing between the antenna elements of the array can be relatively short, and the aperture of an antenna element can be relatively small, and thus more physical antenna elements can be integrated into a two-dimensional antenna array with a limited size.

[00127] Furthermore, since the size of the millimeter wave antenna array is limited, a formation mode Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 36 / 577 29 / 240 digital beamforming cannot be used due to factors such as hardware complexity, costs, and power consumption. Instead, an analog beamforming method is usually used. The analog beamforming mode can reduce the implementation complexity of a device while improving network coverage.

[00128] To facilitate understanding of a multi-beam system, with reference to Figure 14 and Figure 15, the following describes a beam-based communication process in an example scenario where a network device communicates with a terminal device.

[00129] With reference to Figure 14, in a conventional communications system (e.g., a 2G, 3G, or 4G system), a relatively wide 1010 beam is generally used to cover an entire cell (or referred to as a “sector”). In this way, terminal devices (e.g., terminal devices 1 to 5) in the cell can communicate with a network device using this relatively wide beam at any given time, for example, to obtain a transmission resource allocated by the network device.

[00130] With reference to Figure 15, in a relatively new communications system (e.g., a 5G system or an NR system), a 1510 multibeam system can be used to cover an entire cell. Each beam (e.g., beams 1511 to 1514) in the multibeam system covers a relatively small swath in the cell, and an effect of covering the entire cell using a plurality of beams is achieved in a beam-scanning manner.

[00131] In a beam scanning process, different beams are used at different times to Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 37 / 577 30 / 240 to cover different areas in the cell. For example, at time 1, the communications system can cover, using beam 1511, an area where terminal device 1 is located. At time 2, the communications system can cover, using beam 1512, an area where terminal device 2 is located. At time 3, the communications system can cover, using beam 1513, an area where terminal device 3 and terminal device 4 are located. At time 4, the communications system can cover, using beam 1514, an area where terminal device 5 is located.

[00132] For the multibeam system, the transmitted energy can be more concentrated because a relatively narrow beam is used, thus covering an additional distance. However, since the beam is relatively narrow, each beam can only cover a few areas in the cell. Therefore, a beam scanning process of the multibeam system can be understood as “trading time for space”.

[00133] Analog beamforming can be used not only for a network device, but also for a terminal device. Furthermore, analog beamforming can be used not only for signal transmission (called transmit beamforming), but also for signal reception (called receive beamforming).

[00134] Currently, different beams are identified using different signals carried in the beams. For example, different SSBs can be transmitted in different beams, so the terminal device can distinguish different beams using different signal blocks. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 38 / 577 31 / 240 synchronization. For another example, different CSI-RSs can be transmitted on different beams, so that the terminal device can identify different beams using a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and / or a CSI-RS feature.

[00135] In a multi-beam system, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) can be transmitted using different downlink transmission beams.

[00136] For some communication systems (such as a communication system whose carrier frequency is below 6 GHz), a terminal device generally does not use any analog beam. In such communication systems, the terminal device can receive signals transmitted by different downlink transmission beams from the network device using an omnidirectional antenna (or a near-omnidirectional antenna).

[00137] For some communication systems (such as a millimeter wave system), a terminal device may use an analog beam. In such communication systems, the terminal device may receive a signal transmitted by a downlink transmission beam corresponding to a downlink reception beam. In this case, beam indication information may be used to help the terminal device determine one or more of the following: information relating to a transmission beam from a network device, or information relating to a reception beam corresponding to the terminal device. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 39 / 577 32 / 240

[00138] In some communication protocols (such as NR-related protocols), beam indication information does not directly indicate a beam itself, but indicates the beam through a quasi-co-located (QCL) relationship between the signals. On the terminal device side, the reception of a corresponding channel or corresponding signal is also determined based on the QCL assumption.

[00139] The transmission beam mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a spatial domain transmission filter, end-of-transmission spatial domain transmission filter, transmission-to-transmission spatial domain filter, or other name. Similarly, the reception beam mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a spatial domain reception filter, end-of-reception spatial domain transmission filter, reception-to-reception spatial domain transmission filter, or other name. Alternatively, the transmission beam mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a spatial domain transmission parameter. Similarly, the reception beam mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a spatial domain reception parameter. INDICATION / HYPOTHESIS OF QCL IN DOWNLINK TRANSMISSION

[00140] When receiving a signal, a terminal device can improve a reception algorithm by utilizing a characteristic of a transmission environment corresponding to data transmission, in order to improve reception performance. For example, the terminal device Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 40 / 577 33 / 240 can optimize the design and a parameter of a channel estimator using statistical characteristics of a channel. In some communication systems (such as an NR system), a characteristic of a transmission environment corresponding to data transmission can be represented by QCL information (QCL-Info).

[00141] When downlink data transmission is performed using different transmit and receive points (TRP) / panels / beams, the characteristics of the transmission environment corresponding to the data transmission may also change. Therefore, in some communication systems (such as an NR system), when it is necessary to transmit a downlink control channel or a downlink data channel, a network device may indicate the corresponding QCL information to a terminal device using a TCI state.

[00142] A transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state may include the following configuration information: a TCI state identity (identity, ID), QCL 1 information, and QCL 2 information (optional). The TCI state ID may be used to identify a TCI state.

[00143] QCL information may include the following information: QCL type configuration and QCL reference signal configuration. The QCL type configuration may be one of the following types: QCL-TypeA, QCL-TypeB, QCL-TypeC, or QCL-TypeD. The QCL reference signal configuration may include a cell identity (cell ID) in which a reference signal is located, a part of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 41 / 577 34 / 240 bandwidth (BWP) and a reference signal identifier (for example, it could be a CSI-RS resource identifier or an SSB index).

[00144] If both QCL 1 and QCL 2 information are configured, the QCL type of at least one of the QCL 1 and QCL 2 information must be one of the QCL types A, B, or C, and the QCL type of the other QCL information must be of the QCL type D.

[00145] Different QCL type configurations are defined as follows:

[00146] QCL Type A (QCL-TypeA): {Doppler Shift, Doppler Spread, Mean Delay, Delay Spread};

[00147] QCL Type B (QCL-TypeB): {Doppler Shift, Doppler Scattering};

[00148] QCL Type C (QCL-TypeC): {Doppler shift, mean delay}; and

[00149] QCL Type D (QCL-TypeD): {space domain reception parameter}.

[00150] In an NR system, a network device can indicate a corresponding TCI state for a downlink signal or a downlink channel. If the network device configures, using the TCI state, a QCL reference signal of a target downlink channel or a target downlink signal as an SSB or a CSI-RS, and the QCL type configuration is QCL-TypeA, QCL-TypeB, or QCL-TypeC, it can be assumed that a terminal device considers a large-scale parameter of the target downlink signal to be the same as a large-scale parameter of the SSB or CSI-RS. The specific content of the parameter of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 42 / 577 35 / 240 large scale can be determined based on the QCL type configuration.

[00151] Similarly, if the network device configures, using the TCI state, the QCL reference signal of the target downlink channel or target downlink signal as an SSB or a CSI-RS, and the QCL type is configured as QCL-TypeD, the terminal device can receive the target downlink signal using the same receive beam (i.e., the same spatial domain receive parameter (spatial Rx parameter)) as that used to receive the SSB or CSI-RS. Generally, on the side of a network device, the target downlink channel (or the target downlink signal) and a referenced SSB or CSI-RS are transmitted over the same TRP / panel / beam. If different TRPs / panels / beams are used to transmit two downlink signals (or downlink channels), different TCI states are usually configured for the two downlink signals (or downlink channels).

[00152] For a downlink control channel, a TCI state of a control resource set (CORESET) corresponding to the downlink control channel can be indicated using RRC signaling or RRC signaling plus medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[00153] For a downlink data channel (i.e., a PDSCH), referring to Figure 16, a set of TCI states available for the downlink data channel can be indicated using RRC signaling, some of the TCI states are activated using the signaling of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 43 / 577 36 / 240 MAC layer and, finally, one or two TCI states in the enabled TCI states are indicated using a TCI state indicator field in DCI and are used for a downlink data channel scheduled by DCI. NEW FREQUENCY BAND (HIGH FREQUENCY) FOR COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

[00154] Research into some communication systems (such as an NR system) currently considers primarily the following two frequency bands: frequency band 1 (FR1) and frequency band 2 (FR2). Frequency bands included in FR1 and FR2 are shown in Table 2 below. TABLE 2: DEFINITION OF FREQUENCY BANDS CORRESPONDING TO FR1 AND FR2 Frequency band definition: Corresponding frequency range: FR1 410 MHz - 7.125 GHz; FR2 24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz

[00155] With the evolution of communication systems (such as an NR system), technologies in a new frequency band (commonly called high frequency) have also begun to be studied. A frequency in the new frequency band mentioned in this document may be higher than FR1 and FR2 and, for example, may include the frequency range shown in Table 3 below. TABLE 3: A POSSIBLE DEFINITION OF A NEW FREQUENCY BAND Definition of frequency band: Corresponding frequency range Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 44 / 577 37 / 240 FRX 52.6 GHz - 71 GHz

[00156] The FRX used in this document denotes the new frequency band, which is used only to distinguish it from FR1 and FR2, and is not intended to limit the name of the new frequency band. For example, FRX may also be referred to as FR3. As another example, FR2 in Table 2 above may be recorded as FR2-1, and FRX in Table 3 may be recorded as FR2-2. Certainly, in addition to the two ways listed above, another way may be used to identify the new frequency band, which is not specifically limited in this application.

[00157] The FRX frequency band can include both licensed and unlicensed spectrum. In other words, the FRX frequency band can include both shared and non-shared spectrum. The unlicensed spectrum mentioned here is generally spectrum allocated by a country or region and used for communication from a radio device, and the shared spectrum is generally considered spectrum shared by communication devices in different communication systems, i.e., communication devices in different communication systems may be authorized to use the spectrum provided a regulatory requirement defined by the country or region on the spectrum is met, without requesting a dedicated spectrum grant from a government.To allow communication systems that perform wireless communication using unlicensed spectrum to coexist in that spectrum, some countries or regions stipulate regulatory requirements that must be met when unlicensed spectrum is used. For example, a communication device follows... Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 45 / 577 38 / 240 a listen-before-speak (LBT) rule, meaning that before transmitting a signal on an unlicensed spectrum channel, the communication device must first listen to the channel, and the communication device can only transmit the signal when the result of the channel listening is that the channel is idle. If the result of the channel listening performed by the communication device on the unlicensed spectrum channel indicates that the channel is busy, the communication device may not transmit a signal. For another example, to ensure fairness, at any given time, the duration for which the communication device transmits a signal using an unlicensed spectrum channel cannot exceed a specific time period.As another example, in order to prevent the excessively high power of a signal transmitted on an unlicensed spectrum channel from affecting the transmission of another important signal on the channel, the communication device must comply with the restriction of not exceeding the maximum power spectral density when transmitting a signal using the unlicensed spectrum channel.

[00158] A subcarrier spacing for the FRX frequency band may be larger than that of FR2. Currently, candidate subcarrier spacings for the FRX frequency band may include one or more of the following: 120 kHz, 240 kHz, 480 kHz, 960 kHz, 1.92 MHz, or 3.84 MHz. In an example where the subcarrier spacings are 120 kHz, 480 kHz, and 960 kHz, a numerology corresponding to the aforementioned candidate subcarrier spacings is shown in Table 4 below. TABLE 4: NUMEROLOGY CORRESPONDING TO THE SPACING OF THE CANDIDATE SUBCARRIER Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 46 / 577 39 / 240 Subcarrier spacing Symbol length Normal cyclic prefix (NCP) length Extended cyclic prefix (ECP) length Sum of a symbol and an NCP length Interval length 120 kHz 8.32 μs 0.586 μs 2.08 μs 8.906 μs 125 μs 480 kHz 2.08 μs 0.146 μs 0.52 μs 2.226 μs 31.25 μs 960 kHz 1.04 μs 0.073 μs 0.26 μs 1.113 μs 15.625 μs

[00159] To improve the transmission rate of a side-link communications system, one might consider introducing a new frequency band into the side-link communications system. The new frequency band might refer to a millimeter wave frequency band. Alternatively, the new frequency band might refer to a frequency band with a frequency higher than 52.6 GHz, such as the FRX (or FR22) frequency band mentioned above, with a frequency range varying from 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz.

[00160] Different subcarrier spacings can be supported in different frequency ranges. For example, the FR1 can support subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, and 60 kHz. The FR2-1 can support subcarrier spacings of 60 kHz and 120 kHz. The FRX can support subcarrier spacings of 120 kHz and above, for example, the FRX can support subcarrier spacings of 120 kHz, 480 kHz, and 960 kHz.

[00161] A related technology defines interval structures corresponding to the following Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 47 / 577 40 / 240 subcarrier spacings: 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, and 120 kHz. However, when the subcarrier spacing is greater than 120 kHz, for example, when the subcarrier spacing reaches 480 kHz or 960 kHz, it has not yet been discussed how a side-link communication system spacing structure should be designed.

[00162] In view of the problems mentioned, a possible design solution for a range structure is to continue using the range structures shown in Figure 9A and Figure 9B. However, further study will reveal that if the range structures shown in Figure 9A and Figure 9B continue to be used, a communication process will be difficult to implement. A specific reason is discussed as follows.

[00163] As shown in Figure 9A or Figure 9B, in a range used for side-link communication, the 1st symbol is usually an AGC symbol, which is used for a receiving end device to perform AGC adjustment or AGC training; the last symbol is used as GP, which is usually used for RX / TX switching or TX / RX switching of a terminal device. When the subcarrier spacing is different, the duration of a symbol is also different. For example, when the subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz, the duration corresponding to a symbol is approximately 66.7 ps. If the 4.69 μs duration corresponding to the cyclic prefix (CP) is added, when the subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz, the total duration of a symbol varies approximately from 71 ps to 72 ps. For example, when the subcarrier spacing is 120 kHz, the total duration of a symbol (a sum of the symbol and the CP length) varies. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 48 / 577 41 / 240 approximately 8 μs to 9 ps. Therefore, when the subcarrier spacing is 120 kHz, the AGC adjustment time does not exceed 8 ps to 9 ps, and the RX / TX switching time or TX / RX switching time of the terminal device is about 7 ps.

[00164] The duration corresponding to the switching time in FR1 and FR2 (which may include FR2-1 and FR2-2 mentioned above) can be determined based on Table 5 below. TABLE 5: RX / TX SWITCHING TIME AND TIME OF TX / RX SWITCHING First frequency band (FR1) Second frequency band (FR2) TX / RX switching time 25600 13792 RX / TX switching time 25600 13792

[00165] The numerical values ​​in Table 5 represent a quantity of time units (time unit). The duration corresponding to one time unit Tc can be determined by the following formula: Tc = l / íàfmax Nf), where A / max= 480 · 103 Hz and Nf= 4096.

[00166] When the subcarrier spacing is greater than 120 kHz, the duration corresponding to a symbol will continue to decrease. For example, when the side link system subcarrier spacing is 480 kHz, the duration of a symbol varies approximately from 2 ps to 3 ps (as shown in Table 4); when the side link system subcarrier spacing is 960 kHz, the duration of a symbol is approximately 1 ps (as shown in Table 4). Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 49 / 577 42 / 240 shown in Table 4). It can be seen that as the frequency increases, the duration corresponding to a symbol can be very short, making it difficult for the terminal device to complete AGC adjustment, RX / TX switching, or TX / RX switching in such a short time. Therefore, more symbols are needed for AGC adjustment and RX / TX switching. However, if a plurality of symbols is used for AGC or used as GPs, the amount of symbols used for side-link data transmission becomes relatively small, thus greatly reducing the transmission efficiency of a communications system.

[00167] In view of the aforementioned problem, one embodiment of this application provides a time unit available for side-link transmission (see embodiment 1 for details). The time unit may include a plurality of intervals, so that a problem caused by the short duration corresponding to a symbol may be resolved to some extent. For ease of description, the following introduces primarily from the perspective of a first time unit. The first time unit may be any time unit used for side-link communication. As shown in Figure 17, based on the introduction of the first time unit, a first terminal device may perform side-link communication (such as side-link transmission or side-link reception, see step S1710 in Figure 17) in the first time unit.A side-link communication process may involve the transmission of one or more PSSCH, PSCCH, or PSFCH, such that one embodiment of this application further proposes how to perform the transmission of PSSCH based on a unit of time (see embodiment 2 for details). Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 50 / 577 43 / 240 how to determine a transport block size (TBS) (see modality 3 for details), how to perform side-link feedback based on a time unit (see modality 4 for details), how to determine a PSFCH transmission resource and PSFCH configuration information (see modality 5 for details), and how to determine a DMRS pattern based on a time unit (see modality 6 for details). It should be understood that, in the absence of conflict, the implementations provided in the modalities may be arbitrarily combined with each other. MODE 1: A FIRST UNIT OF TIME INCLUDING CONSECUTIVE INTERVALS

[00168] The first time unit can include M consecutive intervals (M is a positive integer greater than 1). The first time unit can also be understood as an interval structure based on multiple intervals. In some implementations, the first time unit may be called an aggregate interval, interval aggregation, super interval, interval group, or multiple intervals (multi-intervals).

[00169] In some implementations, a value of M may be determined based on one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; feature set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device may be a side-link data transmission endpoint or it may be a side-link data reception endpoint.

[00170] In some implementations, the M intervals Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 51 / 577 44 / 240 included in the first time unit are M consecutive physical intervals. The physical interval is relative to a logical interval. In general, an interval belonging to a feature set is called a logical interval, and intervals 10240 · 2^SL included in a system frame number (SFN) period (including 10240 ms) are called physical intervals, where ^SL is a parameter related to the side-link subcarrier spacing, and a gSL value can be determined based on Table 6. TABLE 6 hSL Spacing of , , Δf = 2μ ·15 [kHz] subcarrier J 0 15 1 30 2 60 3 120 5 480 6 960

[00171] Consecutive ranges in a resource set may not be consecutive physical ranges. If M consecutive ranges are defined as M consecutive ranges in a resource set, a range belonging to another resource set may be included in the M ranges. Thus, when a terminal device uses the M ranges for transmission, it may need to receive in the range belonging to another resource set, resulting in additional GP overhead for RX / TX switching. Therefore, defining the M ranges as M consecutive physical ranges can reduce the GP overhead caused. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 52 / 577 45 / 240 via RX / TX switching.

[00172] In some implementations, the M intervals included in the first time unit are consecutive intervals available for side-link transmission (an interval in a resource set is determined from the intervals available for side-link transmission).

[00173] In some implementations, the first time unit may include a PSCCH transmission feature and a PSSCH transmission feature. Alternatively, the first time unit may include a PSCCH transmission feature, a PSSCH transmission feature, and a PSFCH transmission feature. The following describes symbol usages in a first time unit with reference to Figure 18 and Figure 19 using examples. In the first time units shown in Figure 18 and Figure 19, the 1st symbol used to transmit a PSCCH or a PSSCH is the (A+1)th symbol in the first time unit, i.e., the first A symbols in the first time unit are AGC symbols, which may be used for AGC tuning or AGC training, and the last B1 symbols in the first time unit are guard symbols or GP symbols.

[00174] Figure 18A shows an example of a first time unit. In Figure 18A, the first time unit includes two intervals (an interval n and an interval n+1 in Figure 18A), i.e., M = 2. In the two intervals, the first four symbols are used for AGC and the last four symbols are used as GPs. The first time unit using the interval structure shown in Figure 18A can be applied, for example, to a case where the spacing Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 53 / 577 46 / 240 side link subcarrier is 480 kHz.

[00175] Figure 18B shows another example of a first time unit. In Figure 18B, the first time unit includes two intervals (an n interval and an n+1 interval in Figure 18B), i.e., M = 2. In the two intervals, the first eight symbols are used for AGC and the last eight symbols are used as GPs. The first time unit using the interval structure shown in Figure 18B can be applied, for example, to a case where the side-link subcarrier spacing is 480 kHz or 960 kHz.

[00176] Figure 18C shows yet another example of a first time unit. In Figure 18C, the first time unit includes two intervals (an n interval and an n+1 interval in Figure 18C), i.e., M = 2. In the two intervals, the first four symbols are used for AGC and the last four symbols are used as GPs. The first time unit also includes a PSFCH transmission feature. The PSFCH transmission feature occupies five symbols, one of which is used to transmit side-link feedback information (e.g., Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) information) or conflict indication information, and the remaining four symbols are used for AGC. In addition, four symbols used as GPs located before a symbol corresponding to the PSFCH transmission feature are also included.The first time unit using the interval structure shown in Figure 18C may be applicable, for example, to a case where the side-link subcarrier spacing is 480 kHz.

[00177] Figure 18D shows yet another example of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 54 / 577 47 / 240 a first time unit. In Figure 18D, the first time unit includes two intervals (an n interval and an n+1 interval in Figure 18D), i.e., M = 2. In the two intervals, the first four symbols are used for AGC and the last four symbols are used as GPs. The first time unit also includes a PSFCH transmission feature. The PSFCH transmission feature occupies six symbols, of which two symbols are used to transmit side-link feedback information (such as HARQ information) or conflict indication information, and the remaining four symbols are used for AGC. In addition, four symbols used as GPs located before a symbol corresponding to the PSFCH transmission feature are also included. The first time unit using the interval structure shown in Figure 18D may be applicable, for example, to a case where the side-link subcarrier spacing is 480 kHz.

[00178] Figure 19A shows yet another example of a first time unit. In Figure 19A, the first time unit includes four intervals (namely, an n interval, an n + 1 interval, an n + 2 interval, and an n + 3 interval in Figure 19A), i.e., M = 4. In the four intervals, the first four symbols are used for AGC and the last four symbols are used as GPs. The first time unit using the interval structure shown in Figure 19A may be applicable, for example, to a case where the side-link subcarrier spacing is 480 kHz.

[00179] Figure 19B shows yet another example of a first time unit. In Figure 19B, the first time unit includes four intervals (namely, one Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 55 / 577 48 / 240 interval n, an interval n+1, an interval n+2 and an interval n+3 in Figure 19A), i.e., M = 4. In the four intervals, the first eight symbols are used for AGC and the last eight symbols are used as GPs. The first time unit using the interval structure shown in Figure 19B may be applicable, for example, to a case where the side-link subcarrier spacing is 480 kHz or 960 kHz.

[00180] Figure 19C shows yet another example of a first time unit. In Figure 19C, the first time unit includes four intervals (namely, an n interval, an n+1 interval, an n+2 interval, and an n+3 interval in Figure 19C), i.e., M = 4. In the four intervals, the first four symbols are used for AGC and the last four symbols are used as GPs. The first time unit includes a PSFCH transmission feature. The PSFCH transmission feature occupies five symbols, one of which is used to transmit side-link feedback information (such as HARQ information) or conflict indication information, and the remaining four symbols are used for AGC. In addition, four symbols used as GPs located before a symbol corresponding to the PSFCH transmission feature are also included.The first time unit using the interval structure shown in Figure 19C may be applicable, for example, to a case where the side-link subcarrier spacing is 480 kHz.

[00181] Figure 19D shows yet another example of a first time unit. In Figure 19D, the first time unit includes four intervals (namely, an interval n, an interval n+1, an interval n+2, and an interval n+3 in Figure 19D), that is, M = 4. In the four intervals, the Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 56 / 577 The first eight symbols (49 / 240) are used for AGC, and the last eight symbols are used as GPs. The first time unit includes a PSFCH transmission feature. The PSFCH transmission feature occupies nine symbols, one of which is used to transmit side-link feedback information (such as HARQ information) or conflict indication information, and the remaining eight symbols are used for AGC. Additionally, eight symbols used as GPs located before a symbol corresponding to the PSFCH transmission feature are also included. The first time unit using the interval structure shown in Figure 19D may be applicable, for example, to a case where the side-link subcarrier spacing is 480 kHz or 960 kHz.

[00182] Figure 19E shows yet another example of a first time unit. In Figure 19E, the first time unit includes four intervals (namely, an n interval, an n+1 interval, an n+2 interval, and an n+3 interval in Figure 19E), i.e., M = 4. In the four intervals, the first four symbols are used for AGC and the last four symbols are used as GPs. The first time unit includes a PSFCH transmission feature. The PSFCH transmission feature occupies eight symbols, four of which are used to transmit side-link feedback information (such as HARQ information) or conflict indication information, and the remaining four symbols are used for AGC. In addition, four symbols used as GPs located before a symbol corresponding to the PSFCH transmission feature are also included.The first time unit using the interval structure shown in Figure 19E may be applicable, for example, to a case where the spacing is... Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 57 / 577 The 50 / 240 side link subcarrier is 480 kHz. Figure 19E can be understood as a time unit structure including a plurality of intervals obtained by proportional expansion (four-fold expansion) of a single interval structure corresponding to a subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz.

[00183] Figure 19F shows yet another example of a first time unit. In Figure 19F, the first time unit includes 8 intervals (an interval in n and an interval n+7 in Figure 19F), i.e., M = 8. In the eight intervals, the first eight symbols are used for AGC and the last eight symbols are used as GPs. The first time unit includes a PSFCH transmission feature. The PSFCH transmission feature occupies 16 symbols, of which eight symbols are used to transmit side-link feedback information (such as HARQ information), and the remaining eight symbols are used as AGC. In addition, eight symbols used as GPs located before a symbol corresponding to the PSFCH transmission feature are also included. The first time unit using the interval structure shown in Figure 19F may be applicable, for example, to a case where the side-link subcarrier spacing is 480 kHz or 960 kHz.Figure 19F can be understood as a time unit structure including a plurality of intervals obtained by proportional expansion (8-fold expansion) of a single interval structure corresponding to a subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz. MODALITY 1.1: A GUARD SYMBOL IN A FIRST UNIT OF TIME

[00184] The guard symbol can also be Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 58 / 577 51 / 240 is referred to as a symbol used as a GP. In some implementations, the guard symbol can be used by a terminal device to perform RX / TX swapping or TX / RX swapping. In some implementations, no data can be mapped to the guard symbol.

[00185] In some implementations, the first time unit may include a first guard symbol. The first guard symbol includes consecutive B1 symbols, and the B1 symbols are the last B1 symbols of the first time unit, where B1 is a positive integer greater than 1.

[00186] In some implementations, a first time unit may include a first guard symbol. The first guard symbol includes consecutive B1 symbols, and the B1 symbols are the last B1 symbols of the first time unit available for side-link transmission, where B1 is a positive integer greater than 1.

[00187] In some implementations, the first guard symbol is located in the last interval of the first time unit.

[00188] In some implementations, if the first time unit includes a first-time domain feature to transmit a PSFCH, the first time unit may include a second guard symbol. The second guard symbol includes consecutive B2 symbols, where B2 is a positive integer greater than 1. The B2 symbols in the second guard symbol may be located before the first time domain feature. The B2 symbols may be adjacent to the first time domain feature, i.e., the last symbol of the B2 symbols and the 1st symbol of the first time domain feature are adjacent symbols in the first time unit. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 59 / 577 52 / 240

[00189] In some implementations, the second guard symbol is located in the last interval and / or the penultimate interval of the first time unit.

[00190] In some implementations, B1 and B2 have the same value. For example, B1 and B2 are both equal to B, and B is a positive integer greater than 1. In some other implementations, B1 and B2 have different values. For example, B1 is greater than B2 or B2 is greater than B1.

[00191] A method for determining a value of B is described in detail below. It should be understood that the method for determining the value of B may be applicable to B1 mentioned above, and may also be applicable to B2 mentioned above.

[00192] In some implementations, a value of B is equal to 4. Furthermore, in some implementations, if the value of B is equal to 4, a side-link subcarrier spacing corresponding to the first time unit is 480 kHz. For example, in the time unit examples shown in Figure 18A, Figure 18C, Figure 18D, Figure 19A, Figure 19C, and Figure 19E, the value of B is 4.

[00193] In some implementations, the value of B is equal to 8. Furthermore, in some implementations, if a value of B is equal to 8, a side-link subcarrier spacing corresponding to the first time unit is 480 kHz or 960 kHz. For example, in the time unit examples shown in Figure 18B, Figure 19B, Figure 19D, and Figure 19F, the value of B is 8.

[00194] In some implementations, the value of B is determined based on one or more of the following information: predefined protocol information; information from Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 60 / 577 53 / 240 resource set configuration; side-link BWP configuration information; or terminal device indication information. The terminal device may be a side-link data transmission endpoint or a side-link data reception endpoint.

[00195] In some implementations, the value of B can be determined based on the first indication information. The first indication information can be used to indicate one or more of the following: the value of B; a time domain position of the 1st symbol available for side-link transmission in an interval or time unit (the time unit mentioned in embodiments of this application may refer to a time unit including M consecutive intervals or a time unit including M consecutive intervals available for side-link transmission, which will not be repeated below); a symbol length or a number of symbols available for side-link transmission in a time unit; or a number of intervals included in a time unit.

[00196] For example, the first indication information can be used to directly indicate the value of B. Alternatively, the value of B can be determined based on a value indicated by the first indication information.

[00197] As another example, the first indication information may include information 1 and information 2. Information 1 indicates a time domain position of the 1st symbol available for side link transmission within an interval or a time unit. Information 2 indicates a Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 61 / 577 54 / 240 is the length of a symbol or the number of symbols available for side-link transmission in a unit of time. The value of B can be determined based on information 1 and information 2. For example, information 1 indicates that the time domain position of the 1st symbol available for side-link transmission in a unit of time is symbol 0; and information 2 indicates that the number of symbols available for side-link transmission in a unit of time is 24. According to information 1 and information 2, it can be assumed that the first unit of time includes two intervals. In the case of normal CP, the first unit of time includes 28 symbols, so the number of symbols used as GPs is 4, i.e., the value of B is 4.

[00198] In another example, the first indication information may include information 3. Information 3 indicates a symbol length or a quantity of symbols available for side-link transmission in a time unit. The value of B can be determined based on information 3. For example, information 3 indicates that the quantity of symbols available for side-link transmission in a time unit is 24. The value indicated by information 3 is greater than the quantity of symbols included in one interval and less than the quantity of symbols included in two intervals. Therefore, it can be assumed that the first time unit includes two intervals and both intervals can be used for side-link transmission. In the case of normal CP, two intervals include a total of 28 symbols, and therefore the quantity of GP symbols is 4, i.e., the value B is 4 (in this example, it is assumed that one symbol Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 62 / 577 55 / 240 initial corresponding to a side link transmission resource in the first time unit (be the 1st symbol in the first time unit).

[00199] In another example, the first indication information may include information 4 and information 5. Information 4 indicates a symbol length or a quantity of symbols available for side-link transmission in a time unit. Information 5 indicates a quantity of intervals included in a time unit. The value of B can be determined based on information 4 and information 5. For example, information 4 indicates that the quantity of symbols available for side-link transmission in a time unit is 24, and information 5 indicates that a time unit includes two intervals. In the case of normal CP, two intervals include a total of 28 symbols, and therefore the quantity of GP symbols is 4, i.e., the value of B is 4 (in this example, it is assumed that an initial symbol corresponding to a side-link transmission feature in the first time unit is a 1st symbol in the first time unit).

[00200] In some implementations, the first indication information may be included in the resource set configuration information or in the side-link BWP configuration information. Alternatively, the first indication information may be indicated by an end device. The end device may be a side-link data transmission end device or it may be a side-link data reception end device.

[00201] In some implementations, the value of B Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 63 / 577 56 / 240 can be determined based on a first side-link subcarrier spacing and a second side-link subcarrier spacing. The first side-link subcarrier spacing is different from the second side-link subcarrier spacing.

[00202] In some implementations, the first side-link subcarrier spacing may be larger than the second side-link subcarrier spacing.

[00203] In some implementations, the first side-link subcarrier spacing is a side-link subcarrier spacing corresponding to the first time unit.

[00204] In some implementations, the first subcarrier spacing is determined based on predefined protocol information, feature set configuration information, or side-link BWP configuration information. In an example where the first side-link subcarrier spacing is determined based on side-link BWP configuration information, the side-link BWP configuration information can be used to configure a BWP corresponding to the first time unit.

[00205] In some implementations, the second subcarrier spacing is determined based on predefined protocol information, feature set configuration information, or side-link BWP configuration information. Sometimes, the second subcarrier spacing may also be called the reference subcarrier spacing.

[00206] In some implementations, the first Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 64 / 577 57 / 240 side link subcarrier spacing is 480 kHz or 960 kHz.

[00207] In some implementations, the second subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, or 120 kHz.

[00208] For example, the first side-link subcarrier spacing is denoted by μ5ι1, the second side-link subcarrier spacing is denoted by 2^SL1 μ512, and B satisfies: B = çppp. It is assumed that μ511 = 5 and μ^ = 3, that is, the first side-link subcarrier spacing is a 480 kHz subcarrier spacing, and the second side-link subcarrier spacing is a 120 kHz subcarrier spacing. In this case, B = 4. It is assumed that μ5ί1 = 6 and μ^2 = 3, that is, the first side-link subcarrier spacing is a 960 kHz subcarrier spacing, and the second side-link subcarrier spacing is a 120 kHz subcarrier spacing. In this case, B = 8.

[00209] In some implementations, the first time unit may include two adjacent intervals, and a third guard symbol is defined between the symbols used for side-link transmission in the two adjacent intervals.

[00210] In some implementations, the third guard symbols include C symbols. C can be a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. For example, a value of C is 1 or 2. As another example, a value of C is less than or equal to the value of B mentioned above.

[00211] In some implementations, the third Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 65 / 577 The 58 / 240 guard symbol corresponds to the last C symbols of a preceding interval in the two intervals. In other words, the last C symbols of the preceding interval in the two adjacent intervals are used as guard symbols.

[00212] In some implementations, the third guard symbol corresponds to the first C symbols of a later interval in the two intervals. In other words, the first C symbols of the last interval of the two adjacent intervals are used as guard symbols.

[00213] In some implementations, the value of C is determined based on one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; feature set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device may be a side-link data transmission endpoint or it may be a side-link data reception endpoint.

[00214] In some implementations, if the first time unit is used to transmit a plurality of PSSCHs, and the plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to different transport blocks (TBs) (for a detailed description of transmitting a plurality of PSSCHs in one time unit, and the plurality of PSSCHs corresponding to different TBs, reference can be made to modality 2.3 below), then the third guard symbol mentioned can be defined between adjacent intervals in the first time unit. Since the plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to different TBs, the plurality of PSSCHs can be transmitted to different receiving devices and therefore the plurality Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 66 / 577 59 / 240 of PSSCHs can correspond to different transmission beams. In this case, the transmission end device needs to switch a transmission beam when transmitting a PSSCH, and a duration corresponding to the third guard symbol can be used by the transmission end device to switch the transmission beam.

[00215] In some implementations, if the first time unit is used to transmit a plurality of PSSCHs, a fourth guard symbol is defined between the transmission resources of two adjacent PSSCHs in the plurality of PSSCHs.

[00216] In some implementations, the fourth guard symbols include D symbols, where D is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. For example, a value of D is 1 or 2. As another example, a value of D is less than or equal to the value of B mentioned above.

[00217] In some implementations, the fourth guard symbol corresponds to the last D symbols of a last interval in intervals occupied by a previous PSSCH of two adjacent PSSCHs transmitted in the first time unit. In other words, the last D symbols of the last interval in the intervals occupied by the first PSSCH of the two adjacent PSSCHs are used as guard symbols. For details, one can refer to the example shown in Figure 31 later. In this example, two PSSCHs in a time unit are separated by a guard symbol (i.e., D = 1).

[00218] In some implementations, the fourth guard symbol corresponds to the first D symbols of the 1st interval in intervals occupied by a subsequent PSSCH of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 67 / 577 60 / 240 two adjacent PSSCHs transmitted in the first time unit. In other words, the first D symbols of the 1st interval in the intervals occupied by the last PSSCH of the two adjacent PSSCHs are used as guard symbols.

[00219] In some implementations, the value of D is determined based on one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; feature set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device may be a side-link data transmission endpoint or it may be a side-link data reception endpoint.

[00220] In some implementations, if the first time unit is used to transmit a plurality of PSSCHs, and the plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to different TBs (for a detailed description of the transmission of a plurality of PSSCHs in one time unit, and the plurality of PSSCHs corresponding to different TBs, see modality 2.3 below as a reference), then the fourth guard symbol mentioned can be defined between adjacent intervals in the first time unit. Since the plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to different TBs, the plurality of PSSCHs can be transmitted to different receiving devices, and therefore, the plurality of PSSCHs can correspond to different transmission beams. In this case, the transmitting end device needs to switch a transmission beam when transmitting a PSSCH, and a duration corresponding to the fourth guard symbol can be used by the transmitting end device to. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 68 / 577 61 / 240 switch transmission beam.

[00221] In some implementations, if the first time unit is used to transmit a PSSCH (for a detailed description, see mode 2.1 below as a reference), the third guard symbol may not be set between adjacent intervals in the first time unit.

[00222] In some implementations, if the first time unit is used to transmit a plurality of PSSCHs, and the plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to the same TB (for a detailed description, see modality 2.2 below as a reference), the third guard symbol may not be set between adjacent intervals in the first time unit; or the fourth guard symbol may not be set between adjacent PSSCHs of the plurality of PSSCHs.

[00223] In some implementations, at least one interval in the M intervals included in the first time unit does not include a guard symbol. In one implementation, a remaining interval, except for the last interval of the M intervals included in the first time unit, does not include a guard symbol.

[00224] For example, in Figure 18A and Figure 18B, the first time unit includes two intervals, namely, an interval n and an interval n+1. The interval n+1 includes a guard symbol used as GP, and the interval n does not include a guard symbol used as GP.

[00225] For example, in Figure 19A and Figure 19B, the first time unit includes four intervals, namely, an interval n, an interval n+1, an interval n+2, and an interval n+3. The interval n+3 includes a guard symbol used as GP, and the intervals n, n+1, and n+2 do not include a guard symbol. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 69 / 577 62 / 240 guard symbol used as GP.

[00226] In some implementations, if the first time unit includes a time-domain feature to transmit a PSFCH, at least one of the last intervals or the penultimate interval of the M intervals will include a guard symbol. Additionally, in some implementations, a remaining interval, except the last interval and / or the penultimate interval of the M intervals, does not include a guard symbol. MODALITY 1.2: A TIME-FREQUENCY RESOURCE OF A PSCCH IN A FIRST UNIT OF TIME

[00227] In some implementations, the first time unit includes a second time-domain feature for transmitting the PSCCH. An initial symbol of the second time-domain feature is the (A+1)th symbol of the first time unit, where A is a positive integer greater than 1.

[00228] In some implementations, a value of A is equal to 4. Furthermore, in some implementations, if the value of A is equal to 4, a side-link subcarrier spacing corresponding to the first time unit is 480 kHz. For example, in the time unit examples shown in Figure 18A, Figure 18C, Figure 18D, Figure 19A, Figure 19C, and Figure 19E, the value of A is 4.

[00229] In some implementations, the value of A is equal to 8. Furthermore, in some implementations, if the value of A is equal to 8, a side-link subcarrier spacing corresponding to the first time unit is 480 kHz or 960 kHz. For example, in the time unit examples shown in Figure 18B, Figure 19B, Figure 19D, and Figure 19F, the value of A is 8.

[00230] In some implementations, the value of A is Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 70 / 577 63 / 240 determined based on one or more of the following information: predefined protocol information; feature set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device may be a side-link data transmission endpoint or a side-link data reception endpoint.

[00231] In some implementations, the value of A is determined based on the second indication information. For example, the second indication information can be used to indicate one or more of the following: the value of A; a time-domain position of the 1st symbol available to transmit a PSSCH in a time unit; a time-domain position of the 1st symbol available to transmit a PSCCH in a time unit; a time-domain position of the 1st symbol to map a PSSCH in a time unit; a time-domain position of the 1st symbol to map a PSCCH in a time unit; a time-domain position of the 1st symbol allocated to a PSSCH resource in a time unit; a time-domain position of the 1st symbol allocated to a PSCCH resource in a time unit; or a time-domain position of the 1st symbol available for side-link transmission in an interval or in a time unit.

[00232] In one example, the second piece of information directly indicates the value of A. Alternatively, the value of A is determined based on a value indicated by the second piece of information.

[00233] In another example, the second piece of information indicates a time domain position of the 1st symbol Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 71 / 577 64 / 240 is available to transmit a PSSCH or a PSCCH in a time unit. The value of A can be determined based on the second indication information. For example, the second indication information indicates that the position of the 1st symbol of the PSSCH is the 5th symbol in the first time unit, then the value of A is 4 (in this example, it is assumed that an initial symbol corresponding to a side link transmission resource in the first time unit is the 1st symbol of the first time unit).

[00234] In another example, the second indication information can indicate information 6 and information 7. Information 6 can be used to indicate a time domain position of the 1st symbol available for transmitting a PSSCH or a PSCCH in a time unit. Information 7 can be used to indicate a time domain position of the 1st symbol available for side-link transmission in an interval or in a time unit. The value of A can be determined based on information 6 and information 7. For example, information 6 indicates that a time domain position of the 1st symbol available for transmitting a PSSCH is symbol 6, and information 7 indicates that a time domain position of the 1st symbol available for side-link transmission in an interval is symbol 2. It can be determined based on information 6 and information 7 that the value of A is 4.

[00235] In some implementations, the second indication information may be included in the resource set configuration information or in the side-link BWP configuration information. Alternatively, the second indication information may be indication information from an end device. The end device may be a data transmission endpoint device. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 72 / 577 65 / 240 side link or it can be a side link data receiving end device.

[00236] In some implementations, the value of A is determined based on a third side-link subcarrier spacing and a fourth side-link subcarrier spacing. The third side-link subcarrier spacing is different from the fourth side-link subcarrier spacing.

[00237] In some implementations, the third side-link subcarrier spacing may be larger than the fourth side-link subcarrier spacing.

[00238] In some implementations, the third side-link subcarrier spacing is a side-link subcarrier spacing corresponding to the first time unit.

[00239] In some implementations, the third side-link subcarrier spacing is determined based on the side-link BWP configuration information, where the side-link BWP configuration information is used to configure a BWP corresponding to the first time unit.

[00240] In some implementations, the third subcarrier spacing is determined based on predefined protocol information, feature set configuration information, or side-link BWP configuration information.

[00241] In some implementations, the third side link subcarrier spacing is 480 kHz or 960 kHz.

[00242] In some implementations, the fourth Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 73 / 577 66 / 240 side link subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, or 120 kHz.

[00243] In some implementations, the third side-link subcarrier spacing is equal to the first side-link subcarrier spacing mentioned above; and / or the fourth side-link subcarrier spacing is equal to the second side-link subcarrier spacing mentioned above.

[00244] For example, the third side-link subcarrier spacing is denoted by μ5ι3, the fourth side-link subcarrier spacing is denoted by 2^SL3 ^SL4, and A satisfies: A = çttçtç. It is assumed that / íSL3= 5 and μ^4 = 3, that is, the third side-link subcarrier spacing is a 480 kHz subcarrier spacing, and the fourth side-link subcarrier spacing is a 120 kHz subcarrier spacing. In this case, A = 4. It is assumed that μSL3 = 6 and μSL4 = 3, that is, the third side-link subcarrier spacing is a 960 kHz subcarrier spacing, and the fourth side-link subcarrier spacing is a 120 kHz subcarrier spacing. In this case, A = 8.

[00245] In some implementations, the first A symbols of the first time unit (or the first A symbols of the first time unit that are available for side-link transmission) are used for AGC.

[00246] In some implementations, the data in the first A symbols of the first time unit (or the first A symbols of the first time unit that are available for side-link transmission) are data Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 74 / 577 67 / 240 duplicates of data in a target symbol of the first time unit. The target symbol may include one or more symbols from the remaining symbols in the first time unit, except the first A symbols.

[00247] In some implementations, the target symbol is the (A+1)th symbol up to the 2Ath symbol of the first time unit. In other words, the data in the first A symbols of the first time unit are duplicate data of the data in the (A+1)th symbol up to the 2Ath symbol of the first time unit. For example, the data in the 1st symbol of the first time unit are duplicate data of the data in the (A+1)th symbol of the first time unit; data in the 2nd symbol of the first time unit are duplicate data of the data in the (A+2)th symbol of the first time unit; and so on, the data in the Ath symbol of the first time unit are duplicate data of the data in the 2Ath symbol of the first time unit.

[00248] In some implementations, the target symbol is the (A+1)th symbol of the first time unit. In other words, the data in the first A symbols of the first time unit are duplicate data of the data in the (A+1)th symbol of the first time unit. It can be seen that, in this implementation, the first A symbols and the (A+1)th symbol of the first time unit transmit the same data.

[00249] In some implementations, the second timedomain feature includes P consecutive symbols. A value of P can be a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The value of P, for example, could be 3.

[00250] In some implementations, the value of P is determined based on one or more of the following: information Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 75 / 577 Predefined 68 / 240 protocol; feature set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or terminal device indication information. The terminal device can be a side-link data transmission endpoint or a side-link data reception endpoint.

[00251] In some implementations, in a case where a PSCCH is transmitted in the first time unit, the PSCCH may occupy Q PRBs in the frequency domain, where Q is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[00252] In some implementations, a Q value is determined based on one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; feature set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device may be a side-link data transmission endpoint or it may be a side-link data reception endpoint.

[00253] In some implementations, PSCCH can be used to schedule a PSSCH, and the initial frequency domain positions of the Q PRBs can be the same as an initial frequency domain position of the PSSCH.

[00254] In some implementations, PSCCH can be used to schedule a PSSCH, and the Q PRBs are located in the 1st subchannel corresponding to a PSSCH transmission resource. MODALITY 1.3: A TIME-FREQUENCY RESOURCE OF A PSSCH IN A FIRST UNIT OF TIME Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 76 / 577 69 / 240

[00255] In some implementations, the first time unit includes a third time-domain feature for transmitting PSSCH. An initial symbol of the third time-domain feature may be the (A+1)th symbol of the first time unit, where A is a positive integer greater than 1.

[00256] In some implementations, a first time unit includes a third time domain resource for transmitting a PSSCH. An initial symbol of the third time domain resource may be the (A+1)th symbol of the first time unit available for side link transmission, where A is a positive integer greater than 1.

[00257] For a method of determining a value of A, the description of embodiment 1.2 can be used as a reference, and the details will not be described here again. Alternatively, in some embodiments, A in embodiment 1.2 may be A1, A in embodiment 1.3 may be A2, and A1 may be equal to or different from A2.

[00258] In some implementations, if the first time unit does not include a PSFCH transmission feature, a final symbol of the third time domain feature is a symbol preceding a symbol corresponding to a first guard symbol. For a related description of the first guard symbol, see embodiment 1.1 above, and details will not be described here again. For example, in Figure 18A, a time domain feature of a PSFCH includes the 5th symbol in an interval n up to the fifth to last symbol in an interval n+1. In Figure 18B, a time domain feature of a PSFCH includes the 9th symbol in an interval n up to the 6th symbol (i.e., the ninth to last symbol). Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 77 / 577 70 / 240 symbol) in an interval n+1. In Figure 19A, a time-domain feature of a PSSCH includes the 5th symbol in an interval n up to the fifth to last symbol in an interval n+3. In Figure 19B, a time-domain feature of a PSSCH includes the 9th symbol in an interval n up to the 6th symbol (i.e., the ninth to last symbol) in an interval n+3.

[00259] In some implementations, a final symbol of the third timedomain feature is the last symbol in the first time unit available to transmit a PSSCH.

[00260] In some implementations, if the first time unit includes a PSSCH transmission feature, a final symbol of the third time domain feature is a symbol preceding a symbol corresponding to a second guard symbol. For a related description of the second guard symbol, see embodiment 1.1 above, and details will not be described here again. For example, in Figure 18C, a time domain feature of a PSSCH includes the 5th symbol in an interval n to the 1st symbol in an interval n+1. In Figure 19C, a time domain feature of a PSSCH includes the 5th symbol of an interval n to the 1st symbol of an interval n+3. In Figure 19D, a time domain feature of a PSSCH includes the 9th symbol of an interval n to the 3rd symbol of an interval n+2. MODALITY 1.4: A TIME-FREQUENCY RESOURCE OF A PSFCH IN A FIRST UNIT OF TIME

[00261] In some implementations, the first time unit includes a fourth timedomain feature for transmitting PSFCH. The fourth timedomain feature may include K symbols, where K is a positive integer. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 78 / 577 71 / 240 greater than 1.

[00262] In some implementations, the K symbols are K symbols located before the first guard symbol mentioned above and adjacent to the first guard symbol (i.e., the last symbol of the K symbols is a symbol preceding the first guard symbol).

[00263] In some implementations, a value of K is determined based on one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; feature set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device may be a side-link data transmission endpoint or it may be a side-link data reception endpoint.

[00264] In some implementations, the fourth time-domain feature is located in the first H intervals or the last H intervals of the first time unit, where H is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. A value of H, for example, can be 1 or 2. For example, when the value of A or B mentioned above is 4, the value of H can be 1. For another example, when the value of A or B mentioned above is 8, the value of H can be 2.

[00265] In some implementations, the value of H is determined based on one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; feature set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device may be a side-link data transmission endpoint or it may Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 79 / 577 72 / 240 being a side-link data receiving end device.

[00266] In some implementations, the fourth time-domain feature is located in the 1st interval of the first time unit.

[00267] In some implementations, the fourth time-domain feature is located in the last interval of the first time unit (hereafter, this implementation is mainly used as an example for explanation, but the modalities of this application are not limited to this).

[00268] In some implementations, the K symbols occupied by the fourth time-domain feature include K1 symbols and K2 symbols. K1 and K2 are positive integers, and K is equal to the sum of K1 and K2. The K2 symbols may be located before the K1 symbols and adjacent to the K1 symbols. The K1 symbols may be used to transmit a PSFCH (e.g., used to transmit side-link feedback information or conflict information). The data in the K2 symbols may be duplicate data of data in the K1 symbols. The K2 symbols may be used for AGC tuning or AGC training.

[00269] In some implementations, a K1 value is determined based on one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; feature set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device may be a side-link data transmission endpoint or it may be a side-link data reception endpoint. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 80 / 577 73 / 240

[00270] In some implementations, a K1 value can be determined based on a fifth side-link subcarrier spacing and a sixth side-link subcarrier spacing. The fifth side-link subcarrier spacing is different from the sixth side-link subcarrier spacing.

[00271] In some implementations, the fifth side-link subcarrier spacing may be larger than the sixth side-link subcarrier spacing.

[00272] In some implementations, the fifth side-link subcarrier spacing is a side-link subcarrier spacing corresponding to the first time unit.

[00273] In some implementations, the fifth subcarrier spacing is determined based on predefined protocol information, feature set configuration information, or side-link BWP configuration information. As an example, the first side-link subcarrier spacing is determined based on side-link BWP configuration information, and side-link BWP configuration information can be used to configure a BWP corresponding to the first time unit.

[00274] In some implementations, the sixth side-link subcarrier spacing is determined based on predefined protocol information, feature set configuration information, or side-link BWP configuration information. Sometimes, the sixth side-link subcarrier spacing may also be called the reference subcarrier spacing. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 81 / 577 74 / 240

[00275] In some implementations, the fifth side-link subcarrier spacing is 480 kHz or 960 kHz.

[00276] In some implementations, the sixth side-link subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, or 120 kHz.

[00277] In some implementations, a K2 value is determined based on one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; feature set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device may be a side-link data transmission endpoint or a side-link data reception endpoint.

[00278] In some implementations, a K2 value can be determined based on a seventh side-link subcarrier spacing and an eighth side-link subcarrier spacing. The seventh side-link subcarrier spacing is different from the eighth side-link subcarrier spacing.

[00279] In some implementations, the seventh side-link subcarrier spacing may be larger than the eighth side-link subcarrier spacing.

[00280] In some implementations, the seventh side-link subcarrier spacing is a side-link subcarrier spacing corresponding to the first time unit.

[00281] In some implementations, the seventh subcarrier spacing is determined based on Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 82 / 577 75 / 240 predefined protocol information, feature set configuration information, or side-link BWP configuration information. As an example, the first side-link subcarrier spacing is determined based on the side-link BWP configuration information, and the side-link BWP configuration information can be used to configure a BWP corresponding to the first time unit.

[00282] In some implementations, the eighth side-link subcarrier spacing is determined based on predefined protocol information, feature set configuration information, or side-link BWP configuration information. Sometimes, the eighth side-link subcarrier spacing may also be called the reference subcarrier spacing.

[00283] In some implementations, the seventh side-link subcarrier spacing is 480 kHz or 960 kHz.

[00284] In some implementations, the eighth side-link subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, or 120 kHz.

[00285] In some implementations, K1 is less than or equal to K2. For example, K1 = 1, and K2 = A; or K1 = A, and K2 = A, where A can be a positive integer greater than 1. A value of A can be determined, for example, based on a time domain position of the 1st symbol corresponding to a transmission feature of a PSSCH in the first time unit. To determine the value of A, the description of mode 1.2 can be used as a reference, and the details will not be described here again. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 83 / 577 76 / 240

[00286] In some implementations, if K1 is greater than 1, each of the K1 symbols is used to transmit a PSFCH.

[00287] In some implementations, if K1 is greater than 1, the K1 symbols are used together to transmit a PSFCH, i.e., a transmission resource of a PSFCH corresponds to the K1 symbols.

[00288] In some implementations, if K1 = 1, the data in each symbol of the K2 symbols are duplicate data of the data in the K1 symbols.

[00289] In some implementations, if K1 is greater than 1, the data in all L symbols (L = K1) from back to front of the K2 symbols are duplicate data of the data in the K1 symbols, where L is equal to K1. For example, K1 = 2, and the data in every two symbols from back to front of the K2 symbols are duplicate data of the data in the K1 symbols.

[00290] For example, referring to Figure 18D, a time-domain feature of a PSFCH includes symbols 4 to 9 (the 1st symbol corresponds to symbol 0) in an interval n+1, where symbols 4 to 7 are used for AGC and symbols 8 and 9 are used to transmit side-link feedback information. In Figure 18D, K1 = 2, and when the data in every two symbols from back to front in the K2 symbols are duplicate data of data in the K1 symbols, the data in symbol 7 are duplicate data of data in symbol 9, the data in symbol 6 are duplicate data of data in symbol 8, the data in symbol 5 are duplicate data of data in symbol 9, and the data in symbol 4 are duplicate data of data in symbol 8.

[00291] In some implementations, if K1 is greater than 1, the data in all L symbols from front to back of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 84 / 577 77 / 240 K2 symbols are duplicate data of the data in the K1 symbols, where L equals K1. For example, K1 = 2, and the data in each two symbols from front to back of the K2 symbols are duplicate data of the data in the K1 symbol.

[00292] For example, referring to Figure 18D, a time-domain feature of a PSFCH includes symbols 4 to 9 (the 1st symbol corresponds to symbol 0) in an interval n+1, where symbols 4 to 7 are used for AGC and symbols 8 and 9 are used to transmit side-link feedback information. In Figure 18D, K1 = 2, and when the data in every two symbols, from back to front in the K2 symbols, are duplicate data of the data in the K1 symbols, the data in symbol 4 are duplicate data of the data in symbol 8, the data in symbol 5 are duplicate data of the data in symbol 9, the data in symbol 6 are duplicate data of the data in symbol 8, and the data in symbol 7 are duplicate data of the data in symbol 9.

[00293] In some implementations, if the first time unit includes a time-domain resource for transmitting a PSFCH, the PSFCH may occupy X PRBs in the frequency domain, where X is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[00294] In some implementations, a value of X is determined based on one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; feature set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device may be a side-link data transmission endpoint or it may be a data reception endpoint. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 85 / 577 78 / 240 side link.

[00295] In some implementations, when X is greater than 1, the side link feedback information in a PSFCH is carried by a first sequence. The length of the first sequence is equal to T, where T can be equal to the number of subcarriers included in a PRB. For example, a value of T can be 12. In this implementation, the first sequence can be mapped to a PRB of X PRBs. The data in the remaining PRBs in the X PRBs, except for the PRB, are determined based on the first sequence. For example, the data in the remaining PRBs, except for the PRB in the X PRBs, can be determined directly based on the first sequence or can be determined by multiplying the first sequence by a rotation factor.

[00296] In some implementations, when X is greater than 1, the side link feedback information in a PSFCH is carried by a second sequence. The length of the second sequence can be determined based on a value of X*T, where T can be equal to the number of subcarriers included in a PRB. For example, a value of T can be 12. The second sequence can be mapped to all or part of the subcarriers corresponding to the X PRBs. For example, the length of the second sequence is X*T, and the second sequence can be mapped to all the subcarriers corresponding to the X PRBs, respectively. As another example, the length of the second sequence is a maximum prime number less than X*T, and the second sequence can be mapped to part of the subcarriers corresponding to the X PRBs, and the data in a remaining subcarrier is 0, or the data in a remaining subcarrier is a repetition of a Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 86 / 577 79 / 240 partial sequence in the second sequence. MODE 1.5: INFORMATION / PARAMETER DETERMINED BASED ON A NUMBER OF TIME UNITS OR AN INDEX OF A TIME UNIT

[00297] In some implementations, a first time unit includes a transmission resource of the first-stage SCI, for example, the first-stage SCI is carried by a PSCCH. The first-stage SCI may include an information field to indicate the allocation of time-domain resources. A value of the information field to indicate the allocation of time-domain resources (e.g., a time resource indication value (TRIV)) can be determined based on a time offset of the remaining W-1 transmission resources, except the 1st transmission resource, in W transmission resources relative to the 1st transmission resource. The time offset can be expressed based on a number of time units. W is a positive integer greater than 1. A value of W can be, for example, determined based on a number of transmission resources indicated by the first-stage SCI.

[00298] In an example from Figure 20, a time unit includes two intervals. The first time unit mentioned above may be a time unit with an index of 1 in Figure 20, that is, a time unit 1. The first SCI transmitted in time unit 1 includes an information field to indicate the assignment of time domain resources, and the value of the information field is determined based on a time interval t1 between the 2nd transmission resource R2 and the 1st transmission resource R1 in three transmission resources (i.e., the 1st transmission resource R1, the 2nd Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 87 / 577 80 / 240 transmission feature R2 and the 3rd transmission feature R3 in Figure 20) and a time interval t2 between the 3rd transmission feature R3 and the 1st transmission feature. As can be seen in Figure 20, t1 includes two time units and t2 includes five time units.

[00299] In some implementations, a side-link transmission resource corresponding to side-link transmission or side-link reception is determined based on the first DCI (e.g., a terminal device is in a first mode). The first DCI may include a third indication piece of information. The third indication piece of information may be used to indicate one of the following: a time interval between the reception of the first DCI and the side-link transmission resource; a time interval between an interval where the first DCI is located and a first time unit where the side-link transmission resource is located; and a time interval between the start time of a downlink interval carrying the first DCI and the start time of the side-link transmission resource. The time interval may be expressed based on a number of time units.

[00300] In some implementations, a side-link transmission resource corresponding to side-link transmission or side-link reception is a side-link configured grant transmission resource (configured grant, CG), and the side-link configured grant transmission resource is determined solely based on the RRC signaling transmitted by a network device (e.g., side-link configured grant is a first type of side-link configured grant). Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 88 / 577 81 / 240 RRC signaling can include a sixth piece of information. This sixth piece of information can be used to indicate a time interval between the side-link transmission resource and an SFN time-domain reference position. The time interval can be expressed based on a number of time units. The SFN time-domain reference position can be, for example, determined based on a configuration parameter sl-TimeReferenceSFNType1.

[00301] In some implementations, the first terminal device may determine a first reservation period based on one or more of the following: a second reservation period indicated by indication information in SCI (for example, SCIs indicate the second reservation period using a resource reservation period information field); or a quantity of time units in a resource set. The first reservation period can be expressed based on a quantity of time units, and the second reservation period can be expressed based on milliseconds.

[00302] For example, the first booking period Psvp satisfies the following formula: P' = r rsvp T'1maxn 10240 msXPrsvp

[00303] Here, Prsvp denotes the second reservation period and T'max denotes a quantity of time units included in a feature set in 10240 milliseconds (ms).

[00304] In some implementations, a period of a PSFCH can be expressed based on a quantity of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 89 / 577 82 / 240 time units. For example, the PSFCH period can be indicated based on the fourth indication information in the resource set configuration information, where the PSFCH period indicated in the fourth indication information is expressed in a number of time units.

[00305] When the side-link subcarrier spacing is greater than 120 kHz (for example, when the side-link subcarrier spacing is 480 kHz or 960 kHz), to ensure sufficient time for AGC adjustment, RX / TX switching, or TX / RX switching, a plurality of symbols used for AGC or used as GPs is required. In this case, the number of symbols available for PSCCH / PSSCH transmission in a range becomes very small, resulting in greater system overhead and reduced spectrum efficiency.In the modalities of this application, a time-unit structure is introduced that aggregates a plurality of intervals, and if the side-link transmission or reception is performed based on the time-unit structure, even if a plurality of symbols used for AGC or used as GPs are introduced, there are sufficient symbols available for PSCCH / PSSCH transmission in a time-unit, so that system overhead can be reduced and spectrum efficiency can be improved. MODE 2: A PSSCH TRANSMISSION MODE WITH BASED ON A FIRST UNIT OF TIME

[00306] It should be understood that the PSSCH transmission mode described in modality 2 can be implemented based on the time unit structure provided in modality 1. In the absence of conflict, the content of modality 2 can be arbitrarily combined with the implementation in Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 90 / 577 83 / 240 mode 1. For example, the first A symbols of the first time unit in mode 2 can be used for AGC. As another example, the last B symbols of the first time unit in mode 2 are guard symbols and can be used as GPs. As another example, the symbols in the central part in mode 2 can include a transmission feature to transmit one or more of a PSCCH, a PSSCH, or a PSFCH.

[00307] In some implementations, the first time unit can be used to transmit a PSSCH.

[00308] In some implementations, the first time unit can be used to transmit R PSSCHs (R is a positive integer greater than 1). When R PSSCHs are transmitted in the first time unit, the R PSSCHs may correspond to the same TB or correspond to different TBs.

[00309] In some implementations, an R value is determined based on one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; pre-configuration information; network device configuration information; resource set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device may be a side-link data transmission endpoint or it may be a side-link data reception endpoint.

[00310] In some implementations, the PSSCHs R transmitted in the first time unit include a first PSSCH, and a time domain feature of the first PSSCH includes S intervals, where S is a larger positive integer. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 91 / 577 84 / 240 or equal to 1. In other words, a first PSSCH transmission resource includes a resource available for PSSCH transmission in the S intervals.

[00311] In some implementations, a value of S is determined based on one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; pre-configuration information; network device configuration information; resource set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device may be a side-link data transmission endpoint or it may be a side-link data reception endpoint.

[00312] In some implementations, S is determined based on a quotient of M and R.

[00313] In some implementations, the terminal device expects M to be divisible by R, that is, M must be an integer multiple of R.

[00314] For example, S = M / R - T. A value of T, for example, can be 0, 1 or 2.

[00315] In some implementations, the first PSSCH is any of the R PSSCHs, and a value of T is 0.

[00316] Furthermore, in some implementations, if the first PSSCH matches the first R-1 PSSCHs in the R PSSCHs, a value of T is a first value; and / or if the first PSSCH matches the last PSSCH in the R PSSCHs, a value of T is a second value. In one example, the first value is 0 and the second value is 1 or 2.

[00317] In an example where the first unit of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 92 / 577 85 / 240 time is time unit #2 in Figure 26, time unit #2 occupies four intervals and is used to transmit two PSSCHs (i.e., one PSSCH 1 and one PSSCH 2 in time unit #2). Thus, M = 4, R = 2. As can be seen in Figure 26, PSSCH 1 transmitted in time unit #2 occupies 2 intervals (i.e., S = M / R), and PSSCH 2 transmitted in time unit #2 occupies one interval (i.e., S = M / R 1).

[00318] In some implementations, the R PSSCHs transmitted in the first time unit include a first PSSCH, and an interval occupied by the first PSSCH includes a first interval. For example, the method described above can be used to determine the S intervals occupied by the first PSSCH based on M and R, and the first interval can be any interval or the last interval in the S intervals. A mode of use of the first interval can be determined based on the relationship between the first interval and a first limit.

[00319] For example, if the number of symbols available to transmit a PSSCH in the first interval is less than the first limit (the first limit may be, for example, 2, 3 or 4), the first interval is not used to transmit a second-stage PSSCH and / or SCI.

[00320] For example, if the number of symbols available to transmit a PSSCH in the first interval is less than the first limit (the first limit may be, for example, 2, 3, or 4), the data of a PSSCH in the first interval is determined based on a redundant bit, a padding bit, or a random bit. Alternatively, the receiving end device does not expect to receive data. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 93 / 577 86 / 240 transmitted in a PSSCH transmission resource in the first interval.

[00321] For example, if the number of symbols available to transmit a PSSCH in the first interval is less than a first limit (the first limit could be, for example, 2, 3, or 4), the PSSCH data in the first interval is duplicate data of the data in an interval (such as a previous interval) before the first interval. For example, in Figure 28 illustrated below, if the first time unit is time unit no. 2 in Figure 28, it can be seen in Figure 28 shows that the number of symbols available to transmit a PSSCH in the last interval (i.e., an interval n+7) of time unit n° 2 is 1 (i.e., one symbol before the last interval). Assuming the first limit is 3, the data transmitted in one symbol before the last interval in time unit n° 2 may be duplicate data of a PSSCH 1 transmitted in a 1st interval (i.e., an interval n+4) in time unit n° 2 or of a PSSCH 3 transmitted in an earlier interval (i.e., an interval n+6). In a more specific example, the data transmitted in an earlier symbol in the last interval of time unit n° 2 may be duplicate data of data in an earlier symbol or in a last symbol of an interval n+6.

[00322] In some implementations, the first limit is determined based on one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; preconfiguration information; network device configuration information; resource set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or terminal device indication information. The Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 94 / 577 An 87 / 240 terminal device can be either a side-link data transmission end device or a side-link data reception end device.

[00323] In some implementations, if the R PSSCHs transmitted in the first time unit correspond to different TBs, the first interval uses the implementation mentioned earlier, based on the first limit.

[00324] In some implementations, if the R PSSCHs transmitted in the first time unit correspond to the same TB, the first interval is used to transmit a second-stage PSSCH and / or SCI.

[00325] In some implementations, the first limit is determined based on the number of symbols included in a PSCCH transmission resource. Additionally, in some implementations, the first limit is equal to the number of symbols included in the PSCCH transmission resource. For example, if the PSCCH transmission resource includes 2 symbols, the first limit is equal to 2. As another example, if the PSCCH transmission resource includes 3 symbols, the first limit will be equal to 3.

[00326] In some implementations, the transmission of a PSSCH or R PSSCHs in the first time unit is determined based on configuration information. Configuration information may include, for example, one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; feature set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device may be an end device of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 95 / 577 88 / 240 side link data transmission or it can be a side link data receiving end device.

[00327] In some implementations, when R PSSCHs are transmitted in the first time unit, whether the R PSSCHs correspond to the same TB or to different TBs is determined based on configuration information. Configuration information may include, for example, one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; feature set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device may be a side-link data transmission endpoint or a side-link data reception endpoint.

[00328] The following describes the PSSCH transmission mode that is based on the first time unit in detail, using examples with reference to modes 2.1 through 2.3. MODE 2.1: A FIRST TIME UNIT IS USED TO TRANSMIT A PSSCH

[00329] In this mode, only one PSSCH can be transmitted in the first time unit. For example, a PSSCH can be mapped to all time-domain resources available for PSSCH transmission in the first time unit. A PSSCH can be used to transmit a TB, and the TB can be transmitted using a plurality of intervals (which can be called multi-interval transmission block).

[00330] For example, an initial position of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 96 / 577 The 89 / 240 PSSCH mapping may be located at the (A+1)th symbol of the first time unit. If the first time unit does not include any PSSCH transmission feature, a final PSSCH mapping position may be one symbol before a symbol corresponding to a first guard symbol; if the first time unit includes a PSSCH transmission feature, a final PSSCH symbol is one symbol before a symbol corresponding to a second guard symbol. For a related description of the first guard symbol and the second guard symbol, see embodiment 1.1 above, and details will not be described here again.

[00331] In some implementations, a third guard symbol and a fourth guard symbol are not included in the first time unit. For a related description of the third guard symbol and the fourth guard symbol, see embodiment 1.1 above, and details will not be described here again.

[00332] In some implementations, the first time unit is still used to transmit a second-stage PSCCH and / or SCI. For example, the first time unit may transmit only a PSCCH and a second-stage SCI.

[00333] In some implementations, an initial second-stage SCI mapping position is determined based on one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; resource set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device may be an end device of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 97 / 577 90 / 240 side link data transmission or it can be a side link data receiving end device.

[00334] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI is mapped from the first DMRS symbol of PSSCH of the first time unit.

[00335] In some implementations, if the first DMRS symbol of PSSCH of the first time unit includes a subcarrier that can be used to map the second-stage SCI, the second-stage SCI is mapped from the first DMRS symbol of PSSCH; and / or, if the first DMRS symbol of PSSCH of the first time unit does not include a subcarrier that can be used to map the second-stage SCI, the second-stage SCI is mapped from the next symbol of the first DMRS symbol of PSSCH.

[00336] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI is mapped from the 1st symbol corresponding to a PSSCH transmission resource in the first time unit.

[00337] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI is mapped from the 1st symbol used to map a PSSCH in the first time unit.

[00338] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI is mapped from the 1st symbol for PSSCH resource allocation in the first time unit.

[00339] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI is mapped from the 1st symbol corresponding to a PSCCH transmission resource in the first time unit.

[00340] In some implementations, the SCI of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 98 / 577 91 / 240 second stage is mapped from the 1st symbol used to map a PSCCH in the first time unit.

[00341] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI is mapped from the 1st symbol for PSCCH resource allocation in the first time unit.

[00342] For example, the first time unit mentioned above could be time unit #1 or time unit #2 in Figure 21. In an example shown in Figure 21, a time unit includes two intervals, i.e., M = 2. Time unit #1 does not include a PSFCH transmission feature, and time unit #2 includes a PSFCH transmission feature. The allocation of PSFCH features in a time unit starts from the 5th symbol, i.e., A = 4. The first four symbols of a time unit can be used for AGC, and the last four symbols of a time unit are used as GPs, i.e., B = 4. A PSFCH timedomain feature in time unit #2 includes five symbols. The first four symbols of the five symbols can be used for AGC, and the 5th symbol can be used to transmit a PSFCH.Therefore, the data transmitted in the first four symbols of the five symbols can be the same as the data transmitted in the 5th symbol. In an example shown in Figure 21, one time unit is used to transmit a PSCCH and a PSSCH, the PSSCH is used to transmit a TB, and the PSSCH is mapped to two intervals included in a corresponding time unit.

[00343] As another example, the first time unit mentioned above could be time unit #1 or time unit #2 in Figure 22. In an example shown in Figure 22, a time unit includes four intervals, Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 99 / 577 92 / 240, that is, M = 4. Time unit #1 does not include a PSFCH transmission resource, and time unit #2 includes a PSFCH transmission resource. The allocation of PSFCH resources in a time unit starts from the 9th symbol, i.e., A = 8. The first eight symbols of a time unit can be used for AGC, and the last eight symbols of a time unit are used as GPs, i.e., B = 8. A PSFCH timedomain resource in time unit #2 includes nine symbols. The first eight symbols of the nine symbols can be used for AGC, and the 9th symbol can be used to transmit a PSFCH. Therefore, the data transmitted in the first eight symbols of the nine symbols can be the same as the data transmitted in the 9th symbol.In an example shown in Figure 22, one time unit is used to transmit a PSCCH and a PSSCH, the PSSCH is used to transmit a TB, and the PSSCH is mapped to four intervals included in a corresponding time unit.

[00344] It can be deduced from the above description in mode 2.1 that more time-domain resources (i.e., time-domain resources occupying a plurality of intervals) are assigned to a TB in mode 2.1, so that transmission can be performed with fewer frequency-domain resources. Compared to a mode where a TB is transmitted using one interval and more frequency-domain resources are assigned to the TB, in mode 2.1, the transmission power of each PRB can be increased, thus achieving the goal of improving transmission performance. MODE 2.2: A FIRST UNIT OF TIME IS USED To transmit R PSSCHs, and the R PSSCHs correspond to the same Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 100 / 577 93 / 240 ALSO

[00345] In some implementations, each of the R PSSCHs can occupy S intervals (for a way of determining the S intervals, for example, one can refer to the previous description). One way in which each PSSCH is mapped to the S intervals may be similar to that of embodiment 2.1, i.e., the PSSCHs are mapped sequentially to the last symbol available to transmit a PSSCH of the S intervals, starting from the 1st symbol available to transmit a PSSCH of the S intervals.

[00346] In some implementations, the R PSSCHs correspond to the R redundancy versions (redundancy version, RV), respectively.

[00347] In some implementations, the values ​​of the R redundancy versions may be exactly the same.

[00348] In some implementations, the values ​​of the R redundancy versions may be different from each other.

[00349] In some implementations, the values ​​of the R redundancy versions may be at least partially different from each other.

[00350] In some implementations, the R redundancy versions are determined based on the fifth indication information (or referred to as redundancy version indication information) carried in the SCIs (which may be first-stage SCIs or may be second-stage SCIs).

[00351] For example, the fifth indication information can be used to indicate the 1st redundancy version in the R redundancy versions. The 1st redundancy version can be, for example, a redundancy version corresponding to the 1st PSSCH (a PSSCH with the oldest position). Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 101 / 577 94 / 240 time domain) of the R PSSCHs. A remaining redundancy version of the R redundancy versions, except the 1" redundancy version, can be determined based on the 1" redundancy version. For example, the remaining redundancy version can be determined based on a predefined protocol order of the redundancy versions. In one example, a predefined cyclic protocol order of redundancy versions is [0, 2, 3, 1]. Two PSSCHs are transmitted in a first time unit, and the SCI in the first time unit indicates, using the fifth indication information, that a redundancy version is 0. In this case, a redundancy version of the 1st PSSCH is 0 and a redundancy version of the 2nd PSSCH is 2. Alternatively, if the SCI in the first time unit indicates, using the fifth indication information, that a redundancy version is 2, a redundancy version of the 1st PSSCH is 2 and a redundancy version of the 2nd PSSCH is 3. Alternatively, if the SCI in the first time unit indicates, using the fifth indication information, that a redundancy version is 1, a redundancy version of the 1st PSSCH is 1 and a redundancy version of the 2nd PSSCH is 0.

[00352] For another example, the fifth indication information can be used to indicate each redundancy version in the R redundancy versions. For example, an information field in which the fifth indication information is located includes R information subfields, and the R information subfields are used, respectively, to indicate the R redundancy versions. In one example, two PSSCHs are transmitted in the first time unit, and the SCI in the first time unit indicates a redundancy version 0 and a redundancy version 2, respectively, using the fifth Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 102 / 577 95 / 240 indication information. In this case, a redundancy version of the 1st PSSCH is 0 and a redundancy version of the 2nd PSSCH is 2. Alternatively, the SCI in the first time unit indicates a redundancy version 0 and a redundancy version 3, respectively, using the fifth indication information. In this case, a redundancy version of the 1st PSSCH is 0 and a redundancy version of the 2nd PSSCH is 3. Alternatively, the SCI in the first time unit indicates a redundancy version 3 and a redundancy version 1, respectively, using the fifth indication information. In this case, a redundancy version of the 1st PSSCH is 3 and a redundancy version of the 2nd PSSCH is 1.

[00353] In some implementations, the PSSCHs R correspond to the same HARQ process number.

[00354] In some implementations, the first time unit is still used to transmit a PSCCH and a second-stage SCI. Certainly, in some other implementations, the first time unit may alternatively be used to transmit a PSCCH and R second-stage SCIs; or the first time unit may still be used to transmit R PSCCHs and R second-stage SCIs.

[00355] In some implementations, if the first time unit is used to transmit a second-stage SCI, an initial mapping position of the second-stage SCI can be determined based on one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; feature set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device can be a data transmission endpoint device. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 103 / 577 96 / 240 side link or it can be a side link data receiving end device.

[00356] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI is mapped from the 1st DMRS symbol of the PSSCH of the first time unit.

[00357] In some implementations, if the 1st DMRS symbol of PSSCH of the first time unit includes a subcarrier that can be used to map the second-stage SCI, the second-stage SCI is mapped from the 1st DMRS symbol of PSSCH; and / or, if the 1st DMRS symbol of PSSCH of the first time unit does not include a subcarrier that can be used to map the second-stage SCI, the second-stage SCI is mapped from a next symbol of the 1st DMRS symbol of PSSCH.

[00358] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI is mapped from the 1st symbol corresponding to a PSSCH transmission resource in the first time unit.

[00359] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI is mapped from the 1st symbol used to map a PSSCH in the first time unit.

[00360] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI is mapped from the 1st symbol for PSSCH resource allocation in the first time unit.

[00361] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI is mapped from the 1st symbol corresponding to a PSCCH transmission resource in the first time unit.

[00362] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI is mapped from the 1st symbol used for Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 104 / 577 97 / 240 map a PSCCH in the first time unit.

[00363] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI is mapped from the 1st symbol for PSCCH resource allocation in the first time unit.

[00364] For example, the first time unit mentioned above could be a time unit #1 or a time unit #2 shown in Figure 23. As can be seen in Figure 23, a time unit includes two intervals, i.e., M = 2. The allocation of PSSCH resources in a time unit starts from the 5th symbol, i.e., A = 4. The first four symbols of a time unit can be used for AGC, and the last four symbols of a time unit are used as GPs, i.e., B = 4. Two PSSCHs are transmitted in a time unit, i.e., each interval is used to transmit one PSSCH. A PSCCH timedomain resource includes three symbols starting from the 5th symbol in a time unit.In time unit #2, there is only one symbol available to transmit a PSSCH in the 2nd interval, but since a PSSCH 2 transmitted in the 2nd interval and a PSSCH 1 transmitted in the 1st interval are used to transmit different redundancy versions of the same TB, PSSCH 2 can still be transmitted in the 2nd interval.

[00365] As another example, the first time unit mentioned above could be a time unit #1 or a time unit #2 shown in Figure 24. As can be seen in Figure 24, a time unit includes four intervals, i.e., M = 4. The allocation of PSSCH features in a time unit starts from the 5th symbol, i.e., A = 4. The first four symbols of a time unit can be used for AGC, and the last four symbols for a Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 105 / 577 98 / 240 time units are used as GPs, i.e., B = 4. Four PSSCHs are transmitted in a time unit, i.e., each interval is used to transmit one PSSCH. A PSSCH timedomain feature includes three symbols starting from the 5th symbol in a time unit. Time unit #2 includes a PSSCH transmission feature, so there is only one symbol available to transmit a PSSCH in the 4th interval of time unit #2. However, since a PSSCH 4 transmitted in the 4th interval and a PSSCH transmitted in the other three intervals in time unit #2 belong to different redundancy versions of the same TB, PSSCH 4 can still be transmitted in the 4th interval.

[00366] As another example, the first time unit mentioned above can be a time unit #1 or a time unit #2 shown in Figure 25. As can be seen in Figure 25, a time unit includes four intervals, i.e., M = 4. The allocation of PSSCH resources in a time unit starts from the 5th symbol, i.e., A = 4. The first four symbols of a time unit can be used for AGC, and the last four symbols of a time unit are used as GPs, i.e., B = 4. A time unit is used to transmit two PSSCHs, i.e., one PSSCH is transmitted every two intervals. A time domain resource of a PSCCH includes three symbols starting from the 5th symbol in the first time unit. In a time unit, the first two intervals are used to transmit a PSSCH 1 and the last two intervals are used to transmit a PSSCH 2.Time unit #2 includes a PSFCH transmission feature, so that in the 3rd and 4th intervals of time unit #2, the number of symbols... Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 106 / 577 The number of symbols available to transmit PSSCH 2 (99 / 240) is less than the number of symbols available to transmit PSSCH 1 in the first two time intervals of time unit #2.

[00367] As another example, the first time unit mentioned above could be a time unit #1 or a time unit #2 shown in Figure 26. As can be seen in Figure 26, a time unit includes four intervals, i.e., M = 4. The allocation of PSSCH features in a time unit starts from the 9th symbol, i.e., A = 8. The first eight symbols of a time unit can be used for AGC, and the last eight symbols of a time unit are used as GPs, i.e., B = 8. One time unit is used to transmit two PSSCHs, i.e., one PSSCH is transmitted every two intervals. A PSCCH timedomain feature includes three symbols starting from the 9th symbol in a time unit. Time unit #2 includes a PSSCH transmission feature, so there are only three symbols available to transmit a PSSCH in the 3rd and 4th intervals of time unit #2. However, since a PSSCH 2 transmitted in the 3rd and 4th intervals of time unit #2 and a PSSCH 1 transmitted in the first two intervals of time unit #2 transmit different redundancy versions of the same TB, PSSCH 2 can still be transmitted in the first two time slots of time unit #2.

[00368] In mode 2.2, a TB is transmitted a plurality of times using the first time unit, so that the reliability of the TB transmission can be improved and a delay can be reduced. MODE 2.3: A FIRST TIME UNIT IS USED TO TRANSMIT R PSSCHs, AND R PSSCHs CORRESPOND TO Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 107 / 577 100 / 240 DIFFERENT TBs.

[00369] In some implementations, each of the R PSSCHs can occupy S intervals (for a way to determine the S intervals, one can refer to the previous description). One way in which each PSSCH is mapped to the S intervals may be similar to that of modality 2.1, i.e., starting from the 1st symbol available to transmit a PSSCH of the S intervals and mapping sequentially to the last symbol available to transmit a PSSCH of the S intervals.

[00370] In some implementations, R PSSCHs are used to transmit different TBs.

[00371] In some implementations, the R PSSCHs correspond to the same receiving end device.

[00372] In some implementations, the R PSSCHs do not correspond to the same receiving end device. For example, R PSSCHs correspond to different R receiving end devices.

[00373] In some implementations, the R PSSCHs correspond to the same spatial domain transmission filter.

[00374] In some implementations, the R PSSCHs do not correspond to the same spatial domain broadcast filter. For example, R PSSCHs correspond to R spatial domain broadcast filters.

[00375] Since different PSSCHs are used to transport different TBs, different parameters (such as priority information, MCS information, new data indicator (NDI), a HARQ process number, or a redundancy version) correspond to the respective TBs. Therefore, to indicate the parameters corresponding to the different TBs, a Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 108 / 577 101 / 240 PSCCH and a second-stage SCI in the first time unit can have a plurality of different implementations. For example, the first time unit might include a PSCCH or R PSCCHs; and / or the first time unit might include a Second-stage SCIs or R second-stage SCIs.

[00376] Based on modalities 2.3.1 to 2.3.3, three possible implementations of PSCCH and second-stage SCI transmitted in the first time unit are provided below. MODE 2.3.1: A FIRST TIME UNIT IS USED TO TRANSMIT R PSCCHs ER SCIs OF THE SECOND STAGE.

[00377] In this mode, the R PSCCHs transmitted in the first time unit are in a one-to-one correspondence with the R PSSCHs, and the R second-stage SCIs transmitted in the first time unit are in a one-to-one correspondence with the R PSSCHs. In other words, each of the R PSSCHs has a corresponding PSCCH and a second-stage SCI. The corresponding PSCCH of each PSSCH carries the first-stage SCIs, and the first-stage SCIs and the Second-stage SCIs corresponding to the PSSCH carry the information necessary for the demodulation of the PSSCH.

[00378] In some implementations, an initial second-stage SCI mapping position is determined based on one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; feature set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device may be a side-link data transmission endpoint or it may be a side-link data reception endpoint. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 109 / 577 102 / 240 lateral.

[00379] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI corresponding to a respective PSSCH of the R PSSCHs transmitted in the first time unit is mapped from the 1st DMRS symbol of the PSSCH corresponding to the respective PSSCH.

[00380] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI corresponding to a respective PSSCH of the R PSSCHs transmitted in the first time unit is mapped from the 1st symbol corresponding to the respective PSSCH.

[00381] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI corresponding to a respective PSSCH of the R PSSCHs transmitted in the first time unit is mapped from the 1st symbol of a target PSCCH. The target PSCCH refers to a PSCCH corresponding to the respective PSSCH. MODE 2.3.2: A FIRST TIME UNIT IS USED TO TRANSMIT A PSCCH AND A SECOND-STAGE SCI.

[00382] In some implementations, second-stage ICS include a first intelligence field. The first information field may include R information subfields, and the R information subfields are used, respectively, to indicate HARQ process numbers (HARQ process number) of the R PSSCHs.

[00383] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI includes a second information field (or referred to as a new data indicator field). The second information field may include R information subfields, and the R information subfields are used respectively to indicate whether the data transmitted by the R PSSCHs is new data. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 110 / 577 103 / 240

[00384] In some implementations, second-stage SCIs include a third information field. The third information field may include R subfields of information, and the R subfields of information are used, respectively, to indicate data redundancy versions transmitted by the R PSSCHs.

[00385] In some implementations, second-stage ICS include a fourth intelligence field and a fifth intelligence field. The fourth information field can be used to indicate a source identity (source ID), and the fifth information field can be used to indicate a destination identity (destination ID), and both the source ID and destination ID are determined based on a Layer 2 identity. For example, in the case where the R PSSCHs do not correspond to the same receiving endpoint device, the fifth information field includes R information subfields, and the R information subfields are used respectively to indicate destination identities corresponding to the R PSSCHs.

[00386] In some implementations, second-stage SCIs include a sixth information field. The sixth information field can be used to indicate the activation or deactivation of side-link feedback, and the indication of the sixth information field is applicable to PSSCHs. The indication information carried in the sixth information field can also be called the HARQ feedback indicator activated / deactivated. In this implementation, the sixth information field can include, for example, 1-bit information.

[00387] In some implementations, the SCI of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 111 / 577 104 / 240 second stage includes a sixth information field. The sixth information field includes R subfields of information, and the R subfields of information are used respectively to indicate whether the R PSSCHs are used to enable or disable side link feedback. In this implementation, the sixth information field may include, for example, R bit information.

[00388] In some implementations, second-stage SCIs include a seventh information field. The seventh information field is used to indicate a transmission type, and the indication of the seventh information field is applicable to PSSCHs. The information carried in the seventh information field can also be called a broadcast type indicator. For example, the transmission type includes point-to-point broadcast transmission, broadcast transmission, multicast transmission with ACK / NACK feedback support, and multicast transmission with NACK feedback support only.

[00389] In some implementations, second-stage SCIs include a seventh information field. The seventh information field includes R sub, and the R subfields of information are used, respectively, to indicate transmission types corresponding to the R PSSCHs.

[00390] In some implementations, second-stage SCIs include an eighth information field. The eighth information field is used to indicate whether a receiving end device is required to report the CSI. The information contained in the eighth information field can be called a CSI request. A value in the eighth information field can include a first value. When the Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 112 / 577 The value of 105 / 240 in the eighth information field is the first value; this may indicate that the transmitting end device is transmitting a CSI-RS and / or indicate that the receiving end device is required to report the CSI.

[00391] For example, when the value of the eighth information field is the first value (such as 1), all transmission resources of the R PSSCHs transmitted in the first time unit carry the CSI-RS, that is, the transmission end device transmits the CSI-RS on one transmission resource of each PSSCH in the R PSSCHs.

[00392] In another example, when the value of the eighth information field is the first value (such as 1), a target PSSCH in the R PSSCHs transmitted in the first time unit carries the CSI-RS. The target PSSCH can be part of the R PSSCHs, for example, it can be a PSSCH in the R PSSCHs. For example, the target PSSCH can be the 1st PSSCH, the last PSSCH, or a PSSCH determined based on the configuration information in the R PSSCHs. The configuration information mentioned here can include, for example, one or more resource set configuration information, side link BWP configuration information, or PC5 radio resource control signaling (PC5 radio resource control, PC5-RRC). If the target PSSCH is one of the R PSSCHs, the transmitting end device transmits a CSI-RS only on the target PSSCH and does not transmit any CSI-RS on any remaining PSSCHs.

[00393] In some implementations, second-stage SCIs include a ninth information field. The ninth information field is used to carry the TCI state indication. The ninth information field can be used to indicate the beam information used by a device. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 113 / 577 The 106 / 240 transmit end can be used by a receiving end device to determine a receiving beam.

[00394] In some implementations, the indication of the ninth information field is applicable to R PSSCHs. That is, the indication information carried in the ninth information field may indicate a TCI state, and the R PSSCHs are all transmitted using a transmission beam corresponding to the TCI state, or the receiving end device may receive the R PSSCHs using the same receiving beam.

[00395] In some implementations, if the R PSSCHs transmitted in the first time unit do not correspond to the same receiving end device, the ninth information field includes R information subfields, and the R information subfields are used respectively to indicate TCI states corresponding to the R PSSCHs. In this implementation, the R PSSCHs may be transmitted using different transmission beams, or the receiving end device may receive the R PSSCHs using different receiving beams.

[00396] In some implementations, if the R PSSCHs transmitted in the first time unit do not correspond to the same spatial domain transmission filter, the ninth information field includes R information subfields, and the R information subfields are used respectively to indicate TCI states corresponding to the R PSSCHs. The TCI states corresponding to the R PSSCHs may be different from each other, i.e., the R PSSCHs may be transmitted using different transmission beams or received using Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 114 / 577 107 / 240 different receiving beams.

[00397] In some implementations, if the R PSSCHs transmitted in the first time unit do not correspond to the same receiving end device, the ninth information field includes R information subfields, and the R information subfields are used respectively to determine spatial domain transmission filters or spatial domain reception filters corresponding to the R PSSCHs. The spatial domain transmission filters or spatial domain reception filters corresponding to the R PSSCHs may be different from each other, i.e., the R PSSCHs may be transmitted using different transmission beams or received using different reception beams.

[00398] In some implementations, if the R PSSCHs transmitted in the first time unit do not correspond to the same spatial domain transmission filter, the ninth information field includes R information subfields, and the R information subfields are used respectively to determine spatial domain transmission filters or spatial domain reception filters corresponding to the R PSSCHs. The spatial domain transmission filters or spatial domain reception filters corresponding to the R PSSCHs may be different from each other, i.e., the R PSSCHs may be transmitted using different transmission beams or received using different reception beams.

[00399] The information field of second-stage SCIs is described in detail above. A PSCCH transmitted in the first time unit includes first-stage SCIs, and an information field in the first-stage SCI is described in detail below using examples. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 115 / 577 108 / 240

[00400] In some implementations, first-stage SCIs include a tenth information field. The tenth information field is used to indicate an SCI format of the second-stage SCI.

[00401] In some implementations, first-stage SCIs include an eleventh information field. The eleventh information field is used to carry priority indication information, and a value of the eleventh information field is determined based on the highest priority or the lowest priority of the priorities corresponding to the R PSSCHs. A value of a priority corresponding to a PSSCH of the R PSSCHs can be determined, for example, based on the priorities of one or more logical channels corresponding to the PSSCH (e.g., the highest priority of one or more logical channels).If a Media Access Control Protocol Data Unit (MAC PDU) associated with the PSSCH includes a Media Access Control element (MAC CE), a priority value corresponding to the PSSCH can be determined based on the priorities of one or more logical channels corresponding to the PSSCH and a priority of the MAC CE (for example, the highest priority among the MAC CE priority and the priorities of one or more logical channels).

[00402] In some implementations, first-stage ICS include an eleventh information field. The eleventh information field includes R subfields of information, and the R subfields of information are used, respectively, to indicate priorities corresponding to the R PSSCHs. A priority value corresponding to a PSSCH of the R PSSCHs can be determined, Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 116 / 577 109 / 240 for example, based on the priorities of one or more logical channels corresponding to the PSSCH (e.g., the highest priority of one or more logical channels). If a MAC PDU associated with the PSSCH includes a MAC CE, a priority value corresponding to the PSSCH can be determined based on the priorities of one or more logical channels corresponding to the PSSCH and a priority of the MAC CE (e.g., the highest priority between the priority of the MAC CE and the priorities of one or more logical channels).

[00403] In some deployments, first-stage ICS include a twelfth information field. The twelfth information field (e.g., Beta_offset indicator) is used to carry a beta offset indicator, and the beta offset indicator is applicable to second-stage ICS.

[00404] In some implementations, first-stage ICS include a thirteenth information field. The thirteenth information field (e.g., number of DMRS ports) is used to indicate a quantity of DMRS ports, and the quantity of DMRS ports is applicable to R PSSCHs, i.e., applicable to the DMRS of the R PSSCHs.

[00405] In some implementations, first-stage ICS include a fourteenth information field. The fourteenth information field is used to indicate an MCS, and all R PSSCHs use the MCS indicated by the fourteenth information.

[00406] In some implementations, first-stage ICS include a fifteenth intelligence field. The fifteenth information field (e.g., indicator) Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 117 / 577 110 / 240 (additional MCS table) is used to indicate an MCS table, and all R PSSCHs use the MCS table indicated by the fifteenth information field. MODE 2.3.3: A FIRST TIME UNIT IS USED TO TRANSMIT A SECOND-STAGE PSCCH ER SCIs.

[00407] In this mode, the second-stage R SCIs correspond one-to-one with the R PSSCHs transmitted in the first time unit.

[00408] In some implementations, an initial second-stage SCI mapping position is determined based on one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; feature set configuration information; side-link BWP configuration information; or information indicating a terminal device. The terminal device may be a side-link data transmission endpoint or it may be a side-link data reception endpoint.

[00409] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI corresponding to a respective PSSCH in the R second-stage SCIs is mapped from the 1st DMRS symbol of the PSSCH corresponding to the respective PSSCH.

[00410] In some implementations, the second-stage SCI corresponding to a respective PSSCH of the R PSSCHs is mapped from the 1st symbol corresponding to the respective PSSCH.

[00411] In some implementations, first-stage SCIs in PSCCH include a tenth information field. The tenth information field is used to indicate an SCI format of the second-stage SCI. Second-stage SCIs Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 118 / 577 Stage 111 / 240 R can use the same SCI format or different SCI formats. For example, if the formats of the second-stage SCIs corresponding to the respective PSSCHs in the R PSSCH are the same, the tenth information field can be used to indicate the SCI format of the second-stage SCI. As another example, if the formats of the second-stage SCIs corresponding to different PSSCHs in the R PSSCH can be different from each other, the tenth information field can indicate the formats of the second-stage SCIs corresponding to the respective PSSCHs, respectively.

[00412] In some implementations, the first-stage ICS in the PSCCH include an eleventh information field. The eleventh information field is used to carry priority indication information, and a value of the eleventh information field is determined based on the highest or lowest priority of the priorities corresponding to the R PSSCHs. A priority value corresponding to a PSSCH of the R PSSCHs can be determined, for example, based on the priorities of one or more logical channels corresponding to the PSSCH (e.g., the highest priority of one or more logical channels). If a MAC PDU associated with the PSSCH includes a MAC CE, the priority value corresponding to the PSSCH can be determined based on the priorities of one or more logical channels corresponding to the PSSCH and a priority of the MAC CE (e.g., the highest priority among the priority of the MAC CE and the priorities of one or more logical channels).

[00413] In some implementations, the first-stage ICS in PSCCH include an eleventh information field. The eleventh information field includes R Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 119 / 577 The 112 / 240 information subfields, and the R information subfields, are used, respectively, to indicate priorities corresponding to the R PSSCHs. A priority value corresponding to a PSSCH of the R PSSCHs can be determined, for example, based on the priorities of one or more logical channels corresponding to the PSSCH (e.g., the highest priority of one or more logical channels). If a MAC PDU associated with the PSSCH includes a MAC CE, the priority value corresponding to the PSSCH can be determined based on the priorities of one or more logical channels corresponding to the PSSCH and a priority of the MAC CE (e.g., the highest priority between the priority of the MAC CE and the priorities of one or more logical channels).

[00414] In some implementations, the first-stage SCIs in PSCCH include a twelfth information field. The twelfth information field (e.g., Beta_offset indicator) is used to carry a beta offset indicator, and the beta offset indicator is applicable to the second-stage R SCIs.

[00415] In some implementations, the first-stage SCIs in the PSCCH include a thirteenth information field. The thirteenth information field (e.g., number of DMRS ports) is used to indicate a quantity of DMRS ports, and the quantity of DMRS ports is applicable to R PSSCHs, i.e., applicable to the DMRS of the R PSSCHs.

[00416] In some implementations, the first-stage SCIs in the PSCCH include a fourteenth information field. The fourteenth information field is used to indicate an MCS, and all R PSSCHs use the MCS indicated by Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 120 / 577 113 / 240 fourteenth piece of information.

[00417] In some implementations, the first-stage SCIs in the PSCCH include a fifteenth information field. The fifteenth information field (e.g., additional MCS table indicator) is used to indicate an MCS table, and all R PSSCHs use the MCS table indicated by the fifteenth information field.

[00418] The following describes embodiment 2.3 in detail using examples with reference to specific examples illustrated in Figures 27 to 31. In the examples illustrated in Figures 27 to 31, a plurality of PSSCHs is transmitted in a time unit, and the plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to different TBs, respectively. Each of the pluralities of PSSCHs has a corresponding PSCCH and second-stage SCI (for a case where only one PSCCH is transmitted in a time unit, the transmission features of a PSCCH and a PSSCH can be designed similarly to those shown in Figures 23 to 26). Figures 27 to 31 illustrate only the features of the PSCCHs corresponding to the respective PSSCHs and do not show a transmission feature corresponding to the second-stage SCI. Furthermore, in the examples illustrated in Figures 27 to 31, the first limit mentioned above is defined as 3.It should be noted that the examples in Figures 27 to 31 are merely intended to assist a person skilled in the art in understanding the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this application to a specific value or to a specific scenario that is exemplified. Apparently, a person skilled in the art could make various equivalent modifications or alterations based on the examples provided. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 121 / 577 114 / 240 Figures 27 to 31, and such modifications or alterations also fall within the scope of the modalities of this request.

[00419] With reference to Figure 27, the first time unit mentioned above can be either time unit #1 or time unit #2 shown in Figure 27. In the example in Figure 27, a time unit includes two intervals. The allocation of PSSCH resources in a time unit starts from the 5th symbol, i.e., A = 4. The first four symbols of a time unit can be used for AGC, and the last four symbols of a time unit are used as GPs, i.e., B = 4. Two PSSCHs are transmitted in a time unit, i.e., each interval is used to transmit one PSSCH. The 2nd interval of time unit #2 includes only one symbol to transmit one PSSCH.Since the number of symbols available for transmission of a PSSCH, included in the 2nd interval of time unit #2, is less than the first limit, the data for PSSCH transmission in this interval are duplicate data of the first symbol or the last symbol of a PSSCH (i.e., PSSCH 1) in a previous interval.

[00420] With reference to Figure 28, the first time unit mentioned above can be either time unit #1 or time unit #2 shown in Figure 28. In the example in Figure 28, a time unit includes four intervals. The allocation of PSSCH resources in a time unit starts from the 5th symbol, i.e., A = 4. The first four symbols of a time unit can be used for AGC, and the last four symbols of a time unit are used as GPs, i.e., B = 4. Four PSSCHs are transmitted in a time unit, i.e., each Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 122 / 577 The 115 / 240 interval is used to transmit a PSSCH. The 4th interval in time unit #2 includes only one symbol to transmit a PSSCH. Because the number of symbols available for transmitting a PSSCH, included in the 4th interval of time unit #2, is less than the first limit, the data for transmitting a PSSCH in this interval is duplicate data of a previous symbol or a subsequent symbol of a PSSCH (i.e., PSSCH 3) in a previous interval.

[00421] With reference to Figure 29, the first time unit mentioned above can be either time unit #1 or time unit #2 shown in Figure 29. In the example in Figure 29, a time unit includes four intervals. The allocation of PSSCH resources in a time unit starts from the 5th symbol, i.e., A = 4. The first four symbols of a time unit can be used for AGC, and the last four symbols of a time unit are used as GPs, i.e., B = 4. A time unit is used to transmit two PSSCHs, i.e., one PSSCH is transmitted every two intervals. In a time unit, the first two intervals are used to transmit a PSSCH 1 and the last two intervals are used to transmit a PSSCH 2. Time unit #2 includes a PSFCH transmission resource.

[00422] With reference to Figure 30, the first time unit mentioned above can be either time unit #1 or time unit #2 shown in Figure 30. In the example in Figure 30, a time unit includes four intervals. The allocation of PSSCH features in a time unit begins from the 9th symbol, i.e., A = 8. The first eight symbols of a time unit can be Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 123 / 577 116 / 240 are used for AGC, and the last eight symbols of a time unit are used as GPs, i.e., B = 8. One time unit is used to transmit two PSSCHs, i.e., one PSSCH is transmitted every two intervals. Time unit #2 includes a PSSCH transmission feature. The 3rd interval in time unit #2 includes three symbols to transmit one PSSCH. Since the number of symbols available to transmit one PSSCH, included in the 3rd interval in time unit #2, is equal to the first limit, one PSSCH, i.e., one PSSCH 2 shown in Figure 30, can be transmitted in the interval (interval n+6 in Figure 30).

[00423] With reference to Figure 31, the first time unit mentioned above can be either time unit #1 or time unit #2 shown in Figure 31. In the example in Figure 31, one time unit includes four intervals. The allocation of PSSCH resources in a time unit starts from the 9th symbol, i.e., A = 8. The first eight symbols of a time unit can be used for AGC, and the last eight symbols of a time unit are used as GPs, i.e., B = 8. One time unit is used to transmit two PSSCHs, i.e., one PSSCH is transmitted every two intervals. Time unit #2 includes one PSSCH transmission resource. The 3rd interval in time unit #2 includes three symbols to transmit one PSSCH.Since the number of symbols available to transmit a PSSCH, included in the 3rd interval in time unit n° 2, is equal to the first limit, a PSSCH, i.e., a PSSCH 2 shown in Figure 31, can be transmitted in the interval (i.e., interval n+6 in Figure 31). A symbol used as GP (i.e., the third guard symbol mentioned). Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 124 / 577 The symbol 117 / 240 above is enclosed between two adjacent PSSCHs in a unit of time, and this symbol can be used by a transmitting end device to switch a transmit beam.

[00424] In mode 2.3, a plurality of TBs is transmitted using the first time unit, so that a peak rate of a communication system can be improved. MODALITY 3: METHOD FOR DETERMINING A TBS

[00425] The PSSCH transmission mode is described above in detail with reference to mode 2. For PSSCH transmission, it is necessary to determine a TBS corresponding to PSSCH. The TBS corresponding to PSSCH can be determined based on a transmission resource corresponding to PSSCH. It should be understood that, in the absence of conflict, mode 3 can be applied to multiple modes in mode 2.

[00426] In some implementations, a TBS corresponding to a PSSCH in a first time unit can be determined based on one or more of a first parameter to a fourth parameter (detailed descriptions of the first parameter and the fourth parameter are provided below).

[00427] In some implementations, the first parameter may be determined based on a number of resource elements (resource element, RE). Alternatively, the first parameter may represent a number of REs. For example, the first parameter may represent a number of REs available for PSSCH transmission in a PRB or a frequency band (such as 12 Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 125 / 577 118 / 240 subcarriers) corresponding to a PRB. The first parameter can be denoted, for example, by NRE. A number of REs included in a PSSCH transmission resource, NRE (or a number of REs available for PSSCH transmission in an assigned PSSCH transmission resource, NRE), can be determined based on the first parameter NRE.

[00428] In some implementations, the second parameter can be determined based on a number of PRBs. Alternatively, the second parameter can represent a number of PRBs. The second parameter can be denoted, for example, using nPRB.

[00429] In some implementations, the third parameter may be determined based on a transmission resource occupied by the PSCCH (e.g., a number of REs occupied by the PSCCH). Alternatively, the third parameter may represent a transmission resource occupied by the PSCCH. The third parameter may be indicated, for example, by NRE1'1. For a detailed description of the third parameter, see embodiment 3.2 below.

[00430] In some implementations, the fourth parameter can be determined based on a transmission resource occupied by the second-stage SCI (e.g., a number of REs occupied by the second-stage SCI). Alternatively, the fourth parameter can represent a transmission resource occupied by the second-stage SCI. The fourth parameter can be denoted, for example, by nRE1,2. For a detailed description of the fourth parameter, reference can be made to embodiment 3.3 below. MODE 3.1: FIRST PARAMETER (ONE PARAMETER) Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 126 / 577 119 / 240 DETERMINED BASED ON A QUANTITY OF REs)

[00431] In some implementations, the first parameter may be determined based on one or more of a fifth to eighth parameter (detailed descriptions of the fifth to eighth parameters are provided below).

[00432] In some implementations, the fifth parameter can be determined based on the number of symbols available to transmit a PSSCH. Alternatively, the fifth parameter can represent the number of symbols available to transmit a PSSCH. The fifth parameter can be indicated, for example, using »rPSSCH ^symbol .

[00433] In some implementations, the sixth parameter can be determined based on a number of subcarriers (e.g., 12) in a PRB. Alternatively, the sixth parameter can represent a number of subcarriers in a PRB. The sixth parameter can be denoted, for example, by Μ^β.

[00434] In some implementations, the seventh parameter may be determined based on an overhead in a PRB or in a frequency domain band corresponding to a PRB. Alternatively, the seventh parameter may represent an overhead in a PRB or in a frequency domain band (e.g., 12 subcarriers) corresponding to a PRB. The seventh parameter may be indicated, for example, by ^0 / fs. Alternatively, the seventh parameter may represent a number of REs that cannot be used for PSSCH transmission in a PRB or in a frequency domain band corresponding to a PRB, or a number of REs occupied by another reference signal (such as a CSI-RS and / or a signal of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 127 / 577 120 / 240 phase tracking reference (PT-RS)).

[00435] In some implementations, the seventh parameter can be determined based on preconfigured information or network device configuration information. For example, the seventh parameter can be determined based on a high-level parameter sl-X-Overhead.

[00436] In some implementations, the eighth parameter can be determined based on the number of REs occupied by a PRB or a DMRS in a frequency domain band (e.g., 12 subcarriers) corresponding to a PRB. Alternatively, the eighth parameter may represent the number of REs occupied by a PRB or a DMRS in a frequency domain band corresponding to a PRB. Alternatively, the eighth parameter is determined based on the number of REs corresponding to one or more patterns of DMRS of a DMRS of PSSCH. The eighth parameter can be indicated, for example, by Wj^j^RS.

[00437] In some implementations, the eighth parameter may be determined based on preconfigured information or network device configuration information. For example, the eighth parameter may be determined based on DMRS default indication information in the feature set configuration information.

[00438] In one example, the first parameter N'RE can be determined based on the following formula: NRE= NSrcb· nPSSCH _ nRBB _ mDMRSNsymbolNohNRE .

[00439] In the previous formula, NSmbwto denotes the fifth parameter, and a way to determine the fifth parameter can be found in the following text; N^ denotes the Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 128 / 577 121 / 240 is the sixth parameter mentioned above, and NBCB = 12; NBBB denotes the seventh parameter mentioned above; and N^β5 denotes the eighth parameter mentioned above.

[00440] Next, we describe in detail how to determine the fifth parameter using examples.

[00441] In some implementations, the fifth parameter may be determined based on one or more of the following: predefined protocol information; pre-configuration information; network device configuration information; or indication information transmitted by a terminal device transmitting a PSSCH. For example, feature set configuration information includes indication information, where the indication information is used to indicate a value of the fifth parameter. As another example, feature set configuration information includes indication information, where the indication information is used to indicate a quantity of PSSCH symbols or a quantity of reference symbols used during the determination of a TBS, and a value of the fifth parameter may be determined based on the indication information.

[00442] In some implementations, the fifth parameter may be determined based on one or more of a ninth parameter through a fifteenth parameter (detailed descriptions of the ninth parameter through the fifteenth parameter are provided below).

[00443] In some implementations, the ninth parameter can be determined based on a number of intervals corresponding to a transmission resource occupied by a PSSCH. Alternatively, the ninth parameter can Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 129 / 577 122 / 240 represents a number of time intervals corresponding to a transmission resource occupied by a PSSCH. The ninth parameter nrPSSCW can be denoted by Ninterval0. For example, if a first time unit is used to transmit one PSSCH, a value of the ninth parameter could be M. As another example, if a first time unit is used to transmit R PSSCHs, a value of the ninth parameter could be S, where S = M / R.

[00444] In some implementations, the tenth parameter can be determined based on the number of symbols included in a range. Alternatively, the tenth parameter can represent the number of symbols included in a range. The tenth parameter can be denoted, for example, by N^^O10.

[00445] In some implementations, the eleventh parameter may be determined based on the number of symbols used for AGC. Alternatively, the eleventh parameter may represent a number of symbols used for AGC. Alternatively, the eleventh parameter may be determined based on an overhead for AGC. Alternatively, the eleventh parameter may represent an overhead for AGC. Alternatively, the eleventh parameter is determined based on a time interval between the 1st symbol for PSSCH transmission and the 1st symbol in a first time unit. The eleventh parameter may be denoted, for example, by N4^0l0. In one example, the eleventh parameter may be determined based on configuration information.The configuration information can be used to indicate a number of symbols for AGC that need to be considered when a TBS is determined, or a number of symbols corresponding to an overload. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 130 / 577 123 / 240 AGC. Configuration information may include, for example, side-link BWP configuration information and / or feature set configuration information.

[00446] In some implementations, the twelfth parameter can be determined based on a number of symbols corresponding to a guard symbol. Alternatively, the twelfth parameter may indicate a number of symbols corresponding to a guard symbol. Alternatively, the twelfth parameter can be determined based on an overload of a guard symbol. Alternatively, the twelfth parameter may represent an overload of a guard symbol. The twelfth parameter may be indicated, for example, by N^6οίο. In one example, the twelfth parameter may be determined based on configuration information. Configuration information may be used to indicate the number of symbols corresponding to a guard symbol that needs to be considered when a TBS is determined, or configuration information may be used to indicate a number of symbols corresponding to an overload of a guard symbol that needs to be considered when a TBS is determined. Configuration information may be, for example, side-link BWP configuration information and / or feature set configuration information.

[00447] In some implementations, the thirteenth parameter can be determined based on a time-domain feature corresponding to a PSFCH. Alternatively, the thirteenth parameter can represent a time-domain feature corresponding to a PSFCH. The thirteenth parameter can be indicated, for example, by Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 131 / 577 124 / 240 wP.ÇFCW ^symbol · A value for the thirteenth parameter can be determined based on one or more of the following: indication information from a transmit end device, configuration information from the resource set, or configuration information from the side link BWP. For example, when a quantity A of symbols used for AGC in a time unit is equal to 4, a quantity B of symbols used as GPs is equal to 4, and one symbol in the time unit is used to transmit a PSFCH, a value for the thirteenth parameter can be 9 (A+B+1, i.e., a sum of the quantity of symbols used for AGC, the quantity of symbols used as GPs, and the quantity of symbols used for PSFCH transmission) or 0. For example, a value for the thirteenth parameter can be determined based on the indication information in the SCI.

[00448] In some implementations, the fourteenth parameter may be determined based on a time interval between the 1st symbol corresponding to a PSSCH transmission resource and the 1st symbol in a time unit. Alternatively, the fourteenth parameter may represent a time interval between the 1st symbol corresponding to a PSSCH transmission resource and the 1st symbol in a time unit. The fourteenth parameter may be used equivalently or interchangeably with the eleventh parameter.

[00449] In some implementations, the fifteenth parameter may be determined based on the number of duplicate data symbols used to transmit PSSCH data in a unit of time. Alternatively, the fifteenth parameter may represent the number of duplicate data symbols used to transmit PSSCH data in Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 132 / 577 125 / 240 a time unit. For example, referring to Figure 27 mentioned above, the 2nd interval in time unit #2 includes only one symbol to transmit a PSSCH. Since the number of symbols available for transmitting a PSSCH, included in the 2nd interval of time unit #2, is less than the first limit, the PSSCH transmission data in this interval is duplicate data of the first symbol or the last symbol of a PSSCH (i.e., PSSCH 1) in a previous interval. Therefore, in the example of Figure 27, a value of the fifteenth parameter can be 1. As another example, referring to Figure 27, as mentioned above, the 4th interval of time unit #2 includes only one symbol to transmit a PSSCH.Since the number of symbols available for transmission of a PSSCH, included in the 4th interval of time unit #2, is less than the first limit, the data from the PSSCH transmission in this interval are duplicate data of a previous symbol or a subsequent symbol of a PSSCH (i.e., PSSCH 3) in a previous interval. Therefore, in the example in Figure 28, a value of the fifteenth parameter could be 1.

[00450] A specific example of a way to determine the fifth parameter is provided below.

[00451] For example, a first time unit includes two intervals, and the two intervals are used to transmit a PSSCH. In the first time unit, a quantity A of symbols used for AGC is equal to 4, and a quantity B of symbols used as guard symbols is equal to 4. One of the two intervals includes N^^θίο= 14 symbols. If a PSFCH period is configured as a time unit, i.e., each time unit includes a PSFCH feature, the fifth parameter Ngímboia (i.e., a quantity of symbols) Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 133 / 577 (126 / 240 available to transmit a PSSCH in the first time unit) can be determined according to the following formula: kjPSSCH _ kjPSSCH . Arintervalo _ kjAGC _ hl^P _ kjPSFCHNsímboloNintervalo 'NsímboloNsímboloNsímboloNsímbolo mPSSCH

[00452] In the previous formula, N-interval denotes the ninth parameter mentioned above and Nnervalo = 2; ^symbol denotes the eleventh parameter mentioned above, and Ns^symbol = 4; N^ denotes the twelfth parameter mentioned above, and *,GP atPSFGH N's'ílllbolo= 4 ; Nfmbolodenota o têze o terceiro Parâmetro nPSFCH disseram acima e Nsbllbolo= 9. MODE 3.2: A THIRD PARAMETER (A PARAMETER DETERMINED BASED ON A TRANSMISSION RESOURCE OCCUPIED BY A PSCCH)

[00453] In some implementations, the third parameter (denoted as N^1'1) can be determined based on the transmission resource (denoted as N'^1,1) occupied by the PSCCH. The transmission resource occupied by the PSCCH may include a transmission resource occupied by the PSCCH and a transmission resource occupied by a PSCCH DMRS.

[00454] In some implementations, the third parameter may be represented by a number of REs.

[00455] In some implementations, if one PSSCH is transmitted in the first time unit and only one PSCCH is transmitted in the first time unit, the third parameter is determined based on the transmission resources occupied by one PSCCH. In this implementation, N^1'1 can be equal to N'^'1. Alternatively, N^1,1 and N'^1,1 can be understood as the same parameter. In this case, N'^1'1 is determined based on the transmission resource occupied by the PSCCH. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 134 / 577 127 / 240

[00456] In some implementations, if the first time unit is used to transmit a plurality of PSSCHs, the plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to the same TB, and the first time unit is used to transmit only one PSCCH, then the third parameter is determined based on the transmission resource occupied by the single PSCCH. In this implementation, N^1'1 can be equal to N'^'1. Alternatively, nRE1'1 and N'^1,1 can be understood as the same parameter. In this case, N're'1 is determined based on the transmission resource occupied by the PSCCH.

[00457] In some implementations, if the first time unit is used to transmit a plurality of PSSCHs, and the plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to a plurality of different TBs, and the first time unit is used to transmit only one PSCCH, then the third parameter is determined based on the transmission resource occupied by the single PSCCH. In this implementation, NRp1'1 = N'RRE!'1. Alternatively, Nj^1'1 and N'^1,1 can be understood as the same parameter. In this case, N'^'1 is determined based on the transmission resource occupied by the PSCCH.

[00458] In some implementations, if the first time unit is used to transmit a plurality of PSSCHs, and the plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to a plurality of different TBs, and the first time unit is used to transmit a plurality of PSCCHs, then the third parameter is determined based on a transmission resource occupied by a PSCCH corresponding to the PSSCH. For example, sjSC1,1 *TfSCI,l *rSC1,l *jfSCI,l Nre = Nre (or, Nre and NREE can be understood as the same parameter). In this case, N'^'1 is determined based on Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 135 / 577 128 / 240 a transmission resource occupied by a PSCCH corresponding to the PSSCH. Alternatively, the third parameter is determined based on one or more of the following: a sum of the transmission resources occupied by the plurality of PSCCHs, or a quantity of the plurality of PSCCHs (or a quantity of TBs transmitted in the first time unit, i.e., the value of R mentioned above). For example, N^E1'1= Σί^N'^1',1 / R, where N'^'1 is determined based on a quantity of RE corresponding to a transmission resource of the ith PSCCH, i.e., a TBS of a PSSCH is determined based on an average value of the quantity of RE of the transmission resources of all PSCCHs transmitted in the first time unit. MODE 3.3: A FOURTH PARAMETER (A PARAMETER DETERMINED BASED ON A TRANSMISSION RESOURCE OCCUPIED BY THE SECOND-STAGE SCI)

[00459] In some implementations, the fourth parameter (denoted as N^1'2) can be determined based on a transmission resource (denoted as N / RCe1,2) occupied by the second-stage SCI.

[00460] In some implementations, the fourth parameter can be represented by a number of REs.

[00461] In some implementations, if a PSSCH is transmitted in the first time unit and only a second-stage SCI is transmitted in the first time unit, the fourth parameter is determined based on the transmission resources occupied by the second-stage SCI. For example, Njíe1'2 = N'^ε1,2. Alternatively, NΝΕΕ1,2 and N'ECE1,2 can be understood as the same parameter. In this case, N'^1'2 is determined based on the transmission resource occupied by the Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 136 / 577 129 / 240 Second-stage SCI.

[00462] In some implementations, if the first time unit is used to transmit a plurality of PSSCHs, the plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to the same TB, and the first time unit is used to transmit only one second-stage SCI, then the fourth parameter is determined based on a transmission resource occupied by a second-stage SCI. For example, Nf^^·1'2= N'^E1,2. Alternatively, N^E'2 and N'fE'2 can be understood as the same parameter. In this case, N'fcE1,2 is determined based on the transmission resource occupied by the second-stage SCI.

[00463] In some implementations, if the first time unit is used to transmit a plurality of PSSCHs, the plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to a plurality of different TBs, and the first time unit is used to transmit only one second-stage SCI, then the fourth parameter is determined based on a transmission resource occupied by the single second-stage SCI. For example, NE£1,2= N'fE2. Alternatively, NfE'2 and N'fcE1,2 can be understood as the same parameter. In this case, N'^1,2 is determined based on the transmission resource occupied by the second-stage SCI.

[00464] In some implementations, if the first time unit is used to transmit a plurality of PSSCHs, the plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to a plurality of different TBs, and the first time unit is used to transmit a plurality of second-stage SCIs, then the fourth parameter is determined based on a transmission resource occupied by the corresponding second-stage SCI. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 137 / 577 130 / 240 — — η atSC / ,2 iir / SC / ,2 / iirSC / ,2 iir / SC / ,2 -i to PSSCH. For example, NRE' = NRE (or, NRE' and NRE can be understood as the same parameter). In this case, N'RE'2 is determined based on a transmission resource occupied by the second-stage SCI corresponding to PSSCH. Alternatively, the fourth parameter is determined based on one or more of the following: the sum of the transmission resources occupied by the plurality of second-stage SICs, or the quantity of the plurality of second-stage SICs (or the quantity of TBs transmitted in the first time unit, i.e., the value of R mentioned above). For example, NrE1'2= ILiN'RE1·2 / R , where N'REY is determined based on a quantity of RE corresponding to a transmission resource of the i-th second-stage SCI, that is, a TBS of a PSSCH is determined based on an average value of the quantity of RE of the transmission resources of all second-stage SCIs transmitted in the first time unit.

[00465] What follows provides a specific way to determine the number of NREs and REs included in a PSSCH transmission resource with reference to a specific example.

[00466] For example, the amount of NREde RE included in the PSSCH transmission resource can be determined by the following formula: '1 __ 'Tf nr SCI,! nr SCI,2NRE =NRE ·nPRB -NRE -NRE

[00467] In the previous formula, nRR1,1 is determined based on N'RR1'1 (for details, reference can be made to the method of determining the third parameter described above) and nRE1,2 is determined based on N'^R1,2 (for details, reference can be made to the method of determining the fourth parameter). Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 138 / 577 131 / 240 described above). [004 68] N'R£'2 can be determined by the following formula: QRci2 = min(0SCI2 +RSCI2) · βdisplacement Q^C12· R )SCH iI \ nbolo1I Σ ^(t)} l=0I PSSCH symbol

[00469] In this document, QrCI2 denotes the number of symbols after the second-stage SCI is encoded and modulated. N'^1,2 = Qrsci2; and OrCI2 denotes the number of information bits corresponding to the second-stage SCI. RCci2 denotes the number of bits for cyclic redundancy checking (CRC) of the second-stage SCI. βαβεΐκαMηM can be determined based on the indication information of the “Beta_offset” indicator in the first-stage SCI. M^ir:rCh(1) denotes the number of subcarriers corresponding to the frequency domain resources of a PSSCH. MscCCH(l) denotes the number of subcarriers corresponding to the frequency domain resources of a PSCCH. MSRC'I2(l) denotes the number of REs available to transmit the second-stage SCI in a symbol l, l = 0,1,2 ',N^ϋο^ - 1 , where NSmiioto can be determined based on the fifth parameter.Y denotes the number of blank REs in a PRB where the last second-stage SCI symbol is located. R denotes a code rate determined based on MCS indication information in the first-stage SCI. a is determined based on a higher-level configuration parameter. MODE 4: A LINKING FEEDBACK MECHANISM LATERAL BASED ON A FIRST UNIT OF TIME Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 139 / 577 132 / 240

[00470] It should be understood that the side-link feedback mechanism described in modality 4 can be implemented based on the time unit structure, including a PSFCH transmission feature provided in modality 1. In the absence of conflict, the content of modality 4 can be combined with the content of modality 1. For example, the first A symbols of the first time unit in modality 4 can be used for AGC. As another example, the last B symbols of the first time unit in modality 4 are guard symbols and can be used as GPs. Furthermore, in the absence of conflict, the side-link feedback mechanism described in modality 4 can be arbitrarily combined with the PSSCH transmission mode and the way to determine a TBS provided in modality 2 and modality 3. For example, the first time unit can be used to simultaneously transmit a PSSCH and a PSFCH.The PSSCH can be transmitted in the manner described in embodiment 2 and determine a TBS in the manner described in embodiment 3. The PSFCH can be used to perform feedback based on the side-link feedback mechanism described in embodiment 4. As another example, the first time unit can be used to transmit a PSFCH, and the PSFCH can be used for side-link feedback on a PSSCH transmitted in a second time unit. The second time unit can be used to transmit a PSSCH in the manner described in embodiment 2 and determine a TBS in the manner described in embodiment 3. The first time unit can be used to transmit a PSFCH in the manner described in embodiment 4, thus performing side-link feedback based on a time unit. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 140 / 577 133 / 240

[00471] Figure 32 is a schematic flowchart of a side-link transmission method according to one embodiment of this application. The method illustrated in Figure 32 can be executed by a first terminal device. The first terminal device can be any type of terminal device mentioned above, for example, it can be terminal device 120 in Figure 1.

[00472] The method in Figure 32 includes the S3210 step, that is, the first terminal device receives or transmits a first PSFCH in a first unit of time.

[00473] It should be noted that the first PSFCH in the modes of this request is used to carry side-link feedback information or conflict indication information, which is not limited to the modes of this request. The following description is made using an example where the first PSFCH is used to carry side-link feedback information.

[00474] In some implementations, the first PSFCH is used to carry the first side-link feedback information corresponding to one or more PSSCHs in a second time unit. The first side-link feedback information may be the HARQ information.

[00475] Similar to the first time unit, the second time unit is also a time unit including M consecutive intervals. The descriptions of the first time unit mentioned in the embodiments of this application may be applicable to the second time unit. [0047 6] In general, a PSFCH format can be defined from one or more perspectives, such as a quantity of bits of side-link feedback information. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 141 / 577 134 / 240 included in the PSFCH, a resource in the frequency domain occupied by the PSFCH, or a time domain resource occupied by the PSFCH. A format of the first PSFCH transmitted in the first time unit is not limited in this mode and can be designed according to an actual requirement. The following describes the format of the first PSFCH in detail from a plurality of perspectives in combination with mode 4.1 to mode 4.3. MODE 4.1: A QUANTITY OF BITS OF SIDE-LINK FEEDBACK INFORMATION TRANSPORTED BY A FIRST PSFCH

[00477] As mentioned above, the first PSFCH is used to carry the first side-link feedback information. The first side-link feedback information is used to perform side-link feedback on one or more PSSCHs in a second time unit.

[00478] In some implementations, the first side-link feedback information may be 1-bit side-link feedback information.

[00479] In some implementations, the first side-link feedback information may be multi-bit side-link feedback information.

[00480] In some implementations, the number of bits included in the first side-link feedback information can be determined based on the number of TBs transmitted in a second time unit. For example, if the second time unit is used to transmit 1 TB, the first side-link feedback information is 1 bit of side-link feedback information; if the second time unit is used to transmit a Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 142 / 577 135 / 240 plurality of TBs, the first side-link feedback information is multi-bit side-link feedback information. In other words, a number of bits included in the first side-link feedback information can be equal to a number of TBs transmitted in the second time unit.

[00481] Different bit quantities of the first side-link feedback information correspond to different forms of feedback that correspond to the first PSFCH, which is described below in combination with a plurality of modalities. MODE 4.1.1: THE FIRST SIDE LINK FEEDBACK INFORMATION IS 1-BIT SIDE LINK FEEDBACK INFORMATION.

[00482] In some implementations, one or more PSSCHs in the second time unit are used to transport a TB (see the descriptions of mode 2.1 and mode 2.2 above). In this case, the first side-link feedback information may be the side-link feedback information corresponding to a TB. For example, a value corresponding to ACK is 1 and a value corresponding to NACK is 0. If TB is received correctly, the value of the first 1-bit side-link feedback information is 1, indicating ACK; if TB is not received correctly, the value of the first 1-bit side-link feedback information is 0, indicating NACK.

[00483] In some implementations, one or more PSSCHs in the second time unit are used to transport a plurality of TBs (see the descriptions of modality 2.3 above). In this case, the first feedback information of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 143 / 577 136 / 240 side link can be determined based on side link feedback information corresponding to the plurality of TBs. For example, packing processing can be performed on side link feedback information corresponding to the plurality of TBs. There are many ways to perform packing processing. For example, packing processing can be performed on side link feedback information corresponding to the plurality of TBs based on an AND operation or an OR operation, to obtain a 1-bit operation result. Multi-bit side link feedback information is packed into 1-bit side link feedback information, and feedback is performed using a PSFCH, and a feedback mechanism of a PSFCH format (i.e., a PSFCH 0 format, in which a PSFCH carries 1-bit feedback information) provided by a related technology can be used to a greater extent.

[00484] For example, in one possible implementation, the first side-link feedback information is determined based on the result of the AND operation of the side-link feedback information corresponding, respectively, to a plurality of TBs. If all parts of the side-link feedback information corresponding to the plurality of TBs are ACK, the value of the first side-link feedback information is a first value (for example, it might be 1). As another example, if the side-link feedback information corresponding to at least one TB in the plurality of TBs is NACK, the value of the first side-link feedback information is a second value (for example, it might be 0). In a more specific example, if a value of one Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 144 / 577 The 137 / 240 bit of the first side-link feedback information, being 1, indicates ACK, being 0 indicates NACK, and the second time unit is used to transmit four TBs that correspond, respectively, to 4-bit side-link feedback information. The result of the "AND operation" is 1 only when the 4-bit side-link feedback information is all ACK (i.e., the values ​​of the 4-bit side-link feedback information are all 1); otherwise, the result of the "AND operation" is 0.

[00485] As another example, in another possible implementation, the first side-link feedback information is determined based on the result of the OR operation of the side-link feedback information corresponding, respectively, to a plurality of TBs. For example, if at least one side-link feedback information in the side-link feedback information corresponding to the plurality of TBs is ACK, the value of the first side-link feedback information is a first value (for example, it might be 1). As another example, if all side-link feedback information corresponding to the plurality of TBs is NACK, the value of the first side-link feedback information will be a second value (for example, it might be 0).In a more specific example, if a bit value of the first side link feedback information is 1, indicating ACK, and 0 indicates NACK, and the second time unit is used to transmit four TBs corresponding respectively to the 4-bit side link feedback information, the result of the OR operation is 1 if the 4-bit side link feedback information includes ACK (i.e., a value of at least one of the feedback information pieces). Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 145 / 577 138 / 240 4-bit side link is 1), otherwise the result of the OR operation is 0.

[00486] In some implementations, one or more PSSCHs in the second time unit are used to carry a plurality of TBs (see the descriptions of the 2.3 modality above). The plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to a plurality of PSFCHs, respectively (the first PSFCH mentioned above may be one of the plurality of PSFCHs), and the plurality of PSFCHs is used to carry side-link feedback information corresponding to a plurality of TBs, respectively. The plurality of PSFCHs may be used to perform side-link feedback simultaneously on the plurality of PSFCHs.

[00487] In some implementations, the entire plurality of PSFCHs may contain 1-bit side-link feedback information. In this way, a feedback mechanism of a PSFCH format (i.e., a PSFCH 0 format, in which a PSFCH carries 1-bit feedback information) provided in a related technology may be used to a greater extent.

[00488] The plurality of PSFCHs can be distinguished from each other using one or more of the time domain, frequency domain, or code domain.

[00489] In some implementations, the plurality of PSFCHs corresponds to the same time-domain feature and different frequency-domain features. An example corresponding to this implementation is provided below with reference to Figure 33, and the details are described below.

[00490] In some implementations, the time-domain resources corresponding to the plurality of PSFCHs are Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 146 / 577 139 / 240 are the same, and the plurality of PSFCHs corresponds to different code domain resources.

[00491] In some implementations, the plurality of PSFCHs corresponds to different time-domain resources and corresponds to the same frequency-domain resource.

[00492] In some implementations, the plurality of PSFCHs corresponds to different time-domain features and different frequency-domain features. An example corresponding to this implementation is provided below with reference to Figure 34, and the details are described below.

[00493] In some implementations, the plurality of PSFCHs corresponds to different time-domain resources and different code-domain resources. MODE 4.1.2: THE FIRST SIDE-LINK FEEDBACK INFORMATION IS MULTIPLE-BIT SIDE-LINK FEEDBACK INFORMATION.

[00494] In some implementations, one or more PSSCHs in the second time unit are used to carry a plurality of TBs (see the descriptions of mode 2.3 above). Correspondingly, the multi-bit side-link feedback information in a first PSSCH corresponds to the plurality of TBs, respectively. In other words, the multi-bit side-link feedback information is used to indicate that the side-link feedback results in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of TBs, respectively. An example corresponding to this implementation is provided below with reference to Figure 35, and the details are described below. MODALITY 4.2: A FREQUENCY DOMAIN RESOURCE OF A FIRST PSFCH Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 147 / 577 140 / 240

[00495] In some implementations, the first PSFCH occupies a PRB in the frequency domain.

[00496] In some implementations, if the first PSFCH occupies a PRB in the frequency domain, the first PSFCH may carry the first side-link feedback information based on a first sequence. The length of the first sequence is determined based on the number of subcarriers included in a PRB. For example, the length of the first sequence is equal to the number of subcarriers included in a PRB. The first sequence can be mapped to a PRB occupied by the first PSFCH.

[00497] In some implementations, the first PSFCH occupies a plurality of PRBs in the frequency domain.

[00498] In some implementations, if the first PSFCH occupies a plurality of PRBs in the frequency domain, the first PSFCH may carry the first side-link feedback information based on a first sequence. A length of the first sequence can be determined based on the number of subcarriers included in a PRB (e.g., the length of the first sequence is equal to the number of subcarriers included in a PRB, as the length of the first sequence is equal to 12). The first sequence can be mapped to a PRB (hereinafter referred to as PRB 1) in a plurality of PRBs occupied by the first PSFCH, and the data in the remaining PRBs, except PRB 1, in the plurality of PRBs can be determined based on the first sequence. For example, the data in each of the remaining PRBs may be duplicate data of the data in PRB 1.As another example, the data in each PRB in the remaining PRBs can be determined based on the first sequence multiplied by a factor of. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 148 / 577 141 / 240 rotation.

[00499] In some implementations, if the first PSFCH occupies a plurality of PRBs in the frequency domain, the first PSFCH carries the first side-link feedback information based on a second sequence. The length of the second sequence can be determined based on a product of the number of PRB pluralities and the number of subcarriers included in a PRB. For example, the length of the second sequence can be equal to the product of the number of PRB pluralities and the number of subcarriers included in a PRB. As another example, the length of the second sequence can be determined based on a maximum prime number that is less than or equal to the product of the number of PRB pluralities and the number of subcarriers included in a PRB. For example, assuming the product of the number of PRB pluralities and the number of subcarriers included in a PRB is 132, the length of the second sequence could be 131.After determining the length of the second sequence, the second sequence can be mapped to the plurality of PRBs occupied by the first PSFCH.

[00500] It should be noted that mode 4.2 can be combined with mode 4.1 in any way. For example, when the first PSFCH includes 1-bit information, the first PSFCH can occupy a PRB in the frequency domain or it can occupy a plurality of PRBs in the frequency domain. As another example, when the first PSFCH includes multi-bit information, the first PSFCH can occupy a PRB or a plurality of PRBs in the frequency domain. MODALITY 4.3: A TIME DOMAIN RESOURCE OF Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 149 / 577 142 / 240 PSFCH IN A FIRST TIME UNIT (THE PSFCH TIME DOMAIN FEATURE INCLUDES A TIME DOMAIN FEATURE CORRESPONDING TO THE FIRST PSFCH MENTIONED ABOVE)

[00501] In some implementations, the PSFCH time-domain feature in the first time unit may include K symbols. K symbols may include K1 symbols and K2 symbols. The K1 symbols are used to transmit a PSFCH, and the data in the K2 symbols are duplicate data of the data in the K1 symbols, where K1 and K2 are positive integers, and K is equal to a sum of K1 and K2. A value of K1 may be 1 or greater than 1 (for example, it may be 2 or A). For descriptions of K, K1, and K2, reference may be made to embodiment 1.4 above, and the details will not be described here again.

[00502] In some implementations, the value of K1 is determined based on the number of TBs transmitted in a second time unit. For example, when the second time unit is used to transmit one TB, the value of K1 is 1; when the second time unit is used to transmit a plurality of TBs, the value of K1 is greater than 1. In other words, K1 can be equal to the number of TBs transmitted in the second time unit.

[00503] In some implementations, the value of K is determined based on the number of TBs transmitted in the second time unit. For example, when the second time unit is used to transmit one TB, the value of K is 5 (1 symbol is used to transmit a PSFCH and 4 symbols are used for AGC); when the second time unit is used to transmit a plurality of TBs, the value of K1 is greater than 5 (a plurality of symbols is used to transmit a Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 150 / 577 143 / 240 PSFCH and 4 symbols are used for AGC).

[00504] In some implementations, when K1 is greater than 1, the number of symbols corresponding to the first PSFCH may be less than K1, and the K1 symbols are used for repeating the transmission of a plurality of the first PSFCHs. In other words, the K1 symbols can transmit a plurality of PSFCHs, and the side-link feedback information carried in the plurality of PSFCHs is the same as the side-link feedback information carried in the first PSFCH; that is, the plurality of PSFCHs is used for repeating the transmission of the side-link feedback information carried in the first PSFCH. Based on the repetition of PSFCH transmission in the time domain, the PSFCH detection performance can be improved.

[00505] In some implementations, different PSFCHs of the plurality of PSFCHs (including the first PSFCH) in the K1 symbols correspond to the same frequency domain feature.

[00506] In some implementations, different PSFCHs of the plurality of PSFCHs (including the first PSFCH) in the K1 symbols correspond to different frequency domain features.

[00507] In some implementations, different PSFCHs from the plurality of PSFCHs (including the first PSFCH) in the K1 symbols correspond to the same code domain feature.

[00508] In some implementations, different PSFCHs from the plurality of PSFCHs (including the first PSFCH) in the K1 symbols correspond to different code domain features. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 151 / 577 144 / 240

[00509] In some implementations, when K1 is greater than 1, the number of symbols corresponding to the first PSFCH is K1. In other words, the first PSFCH occupies the K1 symbols (i.e., the number of symbols occupied by the first PSFCH in the time domain is greater than 1). For example, the side link feedback information corresponding to the first PSFCH can be mapped to transmission features corresponding to the K1 symbols after being subjected to channel encoding and modulation.

[00510] In some implementations, the transmission resources corresponding to the K1 symbols are still used to transmit a DMRS. The DMRS is a PSFCH DMRS.

[00511] It should be noted that mode 4.3 can be combined with mode 4.1 and / or mode 4.2 in any way. For example, when the first PSFCH includes 1-bit information, the first PSFCH can occupy a PRB or a plurality of PRBs in the frequency domain, and the first PSFCH can occupy a symbol or a plurality of symbols in the time domain. As another example, when the first PSFCH includes multi-bit information, the first PSFCH can occupy a PRB or a plurality of PRBs in the frequency domain, and the first PSFCH can occupy a symbol or a plurality of symbols in the time domain.

[00512] The above describes the PSFCH format in detail in combination with modality 4.1 to modality 4.3. More specific examples of PSFCH formats are provided below. A PSFCH (like the first PSFCH mentioned above) in the first time unit may use any of the plurality of PSFCH formats described below. EXAMPLE 1: A FORMAT 1 OF PSFCH Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 152 / 577 145 / 240

[00513] If a PSFCH uses PSFCH format 1, the PSFCH will carry 1-bit side-link feedback information. Additionally, the PSFCH is mapped to a symbol in the time domain, and the PSFCH occupies a PRB in the frequency domain.

[00514] A PSFCH time-domain resource corresponding to the PSFCH may include K symbols, and K = K1 + K2. The K1 symbols (corresponding to the last K1 symbols in the K symbols) in the K symbols are used to transmit the PSFCH. The data in the K2 symbols (corresponding to the first K2 symbols in the K symbols) in the K symbols are duplicate data of the data in the K1 symbols. The K2 symbols may be used by a receiving end device to perform AGC adjustment.

[00515] The 1-bit side link feedback information in PSFCH can be carried by a first sequence, where the length of the first sequence is 12.

[00516] If only one TB is transmitted in a time unit associated with the PSFCH (for example, only one PSSCH is transmitted in the time unit, or a plurality of PSSCHs is transmitted in the time unit and the plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to the same TB), the 1-bit side-link feedback information carried by the PSFCH is the side-link feedback information for the one TB.

[00517] If a plurality of TBs is transmitted in a time unit associated with the PSFCH (for example, a plurality of PSSCHs is transmitted in the time unit and the plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to different TBs), since the PSFCH can only carry feedback information of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 153 / 577 146 / 240 1-bit side link, side link feedback can be implemented using any of the methods 1 to 3 described below.

[00518] In method 1, the side-link feedback information corresponding to the plurality of TBs is grouped for feedback. For example, the packing process can be performed on a plurality of side-link feedback information pieces corresponding to the plurality of TBs. The packing process can be, for example, an AND operation of a plurality of bits, the result of the AND operation is 1 bit, and the result of the operation can be fed back using a PSFCH. For example, if a bit value is 1, it indicates ACK; if a bit value is 0, it indicates NACK. Four TBs are transmitted in the time unit associated with the PSFCH and, respectively, correspond to the 4-bit side-link feedback information. In this case, only when all the 4-bit feedback information is ACK, i.e., the values ​​of all four bits are 1, is the result of the AND operation 1; otherwise, the result of the AND operation is 0.Multi-bit side-link feedback information is grouped into 1 bit and fed back using PSFCH, so that the PSFCH 0 format feedback mechanism can be used to a greater extent.

[00519] In method 2, a plurality of side-link feedback information corresponding to the plurality of TBs is carried respectively by a plurality of PSFCHs. The plurality of PSFCHs adopts the PSFCH 1 format. The plurality of PSFCHs is located in the same time-domain resource, and the plurality of PSFCHs Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 154 / 577 147 / 240 corresponds to different frequency domain resources or code domain resources. In method 2, the side-link feedback information corresponding to different TBs is fed back using different PSFCHs, respectively, so that an interval-based PSFCH feedback format and feedback mechanism can be reused as much as possible, and side-link feedback is performed simultaneously on a plurality of PSFCHs.

[00520] For example, Figure 33 illustrates eight time units in a set of resources (i.e., time unit #0 to time unit #7 in Figure 33). A time unit includes two intervals, and a period of a PSFCH is two time units. The PSFCH is located in time units #1, #3, #5, #7, or similar. A time interval between the PSFCH and a PSFCH transmission resource associated with the PSFCH is 2, i.e., two time units. A PSFCH transmission resource includes five symbols; one symbol (i.e., K1 = 1) is used to transmit the PSFCH, and the remaining 4 symbols (i.e., K2 = 4) are used for AGC. For simplicity, an AGC symbol located at the initial position of a time unit is not shown in Figure 33. Two PSSCHs are transmitted in time unit #2, which are PSSCH 1 and PSSCH 2, respectively.The transmission resources of PSFCH corresponding to PSSCH 1 and PSSCH 2 are located in time unit #5. Furthermore, PSSCH 1 and PSSCH 2 correspond to a PSFCH 1 and a PSFCH 2, respectively; each PSFCH carries 1-bit side link feedback information, and each PSFCH occupies a PRB in the frequency domain. As can be seen in Figure 33, PSFCH 1 and PSFCH 2 correspond to the same time domain resource. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 155 / 577 148 / 240 but PSFCH 1 and PSFCH 2 correspond to different frequency domain features.

[00521] In method 3, a plurality of side-link feedback information corresponding to a plurality of TBs is carried respectively by a plurality of PSFCHs, and the plurality of PSFCHs adopts the PSFCH 1 format. The plurality of PSFCHs is located in different time-domain resources, and the plurality of PSFCHs corresponds to the same frequency-domain resource or the same code-domain resource, or the plurality of PSFCHs corresponds to different frequency-domain resources or different code-domain resources. In method 3, the side-link feedback information corresponding to different TBs is fed back using different PSFCHs, respectively, so that an interval-based PSFCH feedback format and a feedback mechanism can be reused as much as possible, and side-link feedback is performed simultaneously in a plurality of PSFCHs.

[00522] For example, Figure 34 illustrates eight time units in a set of features (i.e., time unit #0 to time unit #7 in Figure 34). A time unit includes two intervals, and a period of a PSFCH is two time units. The PSFCH is located in time units #1, #3, #5, #7, or similar. A time interval (a minimum time interval) between a PSFCH transmission feature and a corresponding PSSCH transmission feature is 2, i.e., two time units. The PSFCH transmission feature includes six (i.e., K = 6) symbols, of which two symbols are used for Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 156 / 577 149 / 240 transmit PSFCHs (i.e., K1 = 2, corresponding to the last two symbols of the six symbols). One PSFCH transmitted in each of the two symbols corresponds to one PSSCH in a time unit, and the remaining four symbols are used for AGC (i.e., K2 = 4, corresponding to the first four symbols of the six symbols). For simplicity, an AGC symbol located at the initial position of a time unit is not shown in Figure 34. In Figure 34, two PSSCHs (including one PSSCH 1 and PSSCH 2) are transmitted in time unit no. 2, and the transmission resources of the PSFCHs corresponding to the two PSFCHs are located in time unit #5. Furthermore, PSFCH 1 in time unit #2 corresponds to a PSFCH 1, and PSFCH 2 in time unit #2 corresponds to a PSFCH 2. PSFCH 1 is located in the penultimate symbol corresponding to a PSFCH transmission resource in time unit #5, i.e., the 1st symbol used for PSFCH transmission (not including the first four symbols used for AGC), and PSFCH 2 is located in the last symbol of the PSFCH transmission resource in time unit #5, i.e., the 2nd symbol used for PSFCH transmission (not including the first four symbols used for AGC). As can be seen in Figure 34, PSFCH 1 and PSFCH 2 have different resources in the frequency domain.

[00523] It should be noted that methods 2 and 3 can be used in combination to transmit a plurality of PSFCHs, and each PSFCH carries 1 bit of side-link feedback information. For example, a plurality of TBs corresponds to J bits of side-link feedback information, the J bits of side-link feedback information are carried by J PSFCHs, and each PSFCH carries Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 157 / 577 150 / 240 1-bit side link feedback information. Ι = Σ^=1ι / ί, where Ji denotes a quantity of PSFCHs transmitted in the i-th symbol, and Ji is an integer greater than or equal to 0. That is, J PSFCHs are transmitted in K1 symbols, and 0, 1, or more PSFCHs can be transmitted in each symbol. The same quantity of PSFCHs or different quantities of PSFCHs can be transmitted in the respective symbols. EXAMPLE 2: A PSFCH 2 FORMAT

[00524] If a PSFCH uses the PSFCH 2 format, the PSFCH will carry 1-bit side-link feedback information. A PSFCH is mapped to a symbol in the time domain, and a PSFCH occupies Q PRBs in the frequency domain, where Q is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. When Q equals 1, the PSFCH 2 format is equivalent to the PSFCH 1 format. When Q is greater than 1, it is equivalent to a PSFCH being transmitted via a plurality of PRBs. When there is a limitation on power spectrum density (PSD), the transmission power of the side-link feedback information can be increased by transmitting a plurality of PRBs, thus improving detection performance.

[00525] A PSFCH time-domain resource corresponding to the PSFCH may include K symbols, and K = K1 + K2. The K1 symbols (corresponding to the last K1 symbols in the K symbols) in the K symbols are used to transmit the PSFCH. The data in the K2 symbols (corresponding to the first K2 symbols in the K symbols) in the K symbols are duplicate data of the data in the K1 symbols. The K2 symbols may be used by a receiving end device to perform AGC adjustment.

[00526] Optionally, feedback information Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 158 / 577 151 / 240 1-bit side link data can be carried by a first sequence, where the length of the first sequence is 12. The first sequence is mapped to a PRB. When Q is greater than 1, the data in the remaining PRBs of the Q PRBs can be determined based on the first sequence.

[00527] Optionally, 1-bit side link feedback information can be carried by a second sequence. One length of the second sequence is Q· ΝςΒ and the second sequence is mapped to all subcarriers corresponding to the Q PRBs, where Nj^ indicates the number of subcarriers included in a PRB.

[00528] For the PSFCH 2 format, side-link feedback information can be transported in a manner similar to method 1, method 2, or method 3 mentioned in the PSFCH 1 format.

[00529] For example, for method 1, multi-bit side-link feedback information can be grouped into side-link feedback. For example, an AND operation can be performed on a plurality of bits bit by bit to generate 1-bit side-link feedback information, and the side-link feedback information can be carried over the PSFCH 2 format.

[00530] For another example, for method 2, the side-link feedback information corresponding to each TB in the plurality of TBs can be carried by a format 2 PSFCH, and the side-link feedback information corresponding to the plurality of TBs corresponds to a plurality of format 2 PSFCHs, respectively. The plurality of format 2 PSFCHs has the same feature as Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 159 / 577 152 / 240 time domain, and the plurality of PSFCHs of format 2 corresponds to different frequency domain and / or code domain features.

[00531] For example, for method 3, the side-link feedback information of each bit in the multi-bit side-link feedback information corresponds to a form 2 PSFCH in one of the K1 symbols, and different parts of the side-link feedback information are carried, respectively, by form 2 PSFCHs in different symbols of the K1 symbols. EXAMPLE 3: A PSFC 3 FORMAT

[00532] If a PSFCH uses the PSFCH 3 format, the PSFCH will carry Y bits of side-link feedback information. Furthermore, a PSFCH is mapped to a symbol in the time domain and occupies Z PRBs in the frequency domain. Y can be a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and Z can be a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. When Y = 1, Z = 1. The PSFCH 3 format is equivalent to the PSFCH 1 format; when If Y = 1, Z = Q, the PSFCH 3 format is equivalent to the PSFCH 2 format. When Y is greater than 1, side-link feedback information corresponding to a plurality of TBs transmitted in a unit of time can be carried in a PSFCH, thus reducing the number of feedback channels needed for side-link communication.

[00533] A PSFCH time-domain resource corresponding to PSFCH may include K symbols, and K = K1 + K2. The K1 symbols (corresponding to the last K1 symbols in the K symbols) in the K symbols are used to transmit the PSFCH. The data in the K2 symbols (corresponding to the first K2 symbols in the K symbols) in the K symbols are duplicate data. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 160 / 577 153 / 240 of the data in K1 symbols. The K2 symbols can be used by a receiving end device to perform AGC adjustment.

[00534] Optionally, Y-bit side-link feedback information can be carried by a first sequence. The duration of the first sequence is 12. The first sequence is mapped to one PRB of the Z PRBs, and the data in the remaining PRBs of the Z PRBs are determined based on the first sequence.

[00535] Optionally, the Y-bit side-link feedback information can be carried by a second sequence. A length of the second sequence is Z· ΝςΒ. The second sequence is mapped to all subcarriers corresponding to Z PRBs, where Nj^ denotes a number of subcarriers included in a PRB.

[00536] If a time unit associated with PSFCH is used to transmit a plurality of TBs, the PSFCH 3 format is used and the multi-bit side-link feedback information corresponding to the plurality of TBs in a time unit can be carried by a PSFCH. This feedback method is different from methods 1, 2, and 3 mentioned above.

[00537] For example, Figure 35 illustrates eight time units in a set of resources (i.e., time unit #0 to time unit #7 in Figure 35). A time unit includes two intervals, and a period of a PSFCH is two time units. The PSFCH is located in time units #1, #3, #5, #7, or similar. A time interval (a minimum time interval) between a transmission resource of the PSFCH and a transmission resource of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 161 / 577 154 / 240 The PSSCH corresponding to the PSFCH is 2, that is, two time units. The PSFCH transmission feature includes five symbols, where one symbol is used to transmit a PSFCH (i.e., K1 = 1, corresponding to the last symbol of the five symbols included in the PSFCH transmission feature), and the remaining four symbols are used for AGC (i.e., K2 = 4, corresponding to the first four symbols of the five symbols included in the PSFCH transmission feature). For simplicity, an AGC symbol located at the initial position of a time unit is not shown in Figure 35. In Figure 35, the PSFCH occupies two PRBs in the frequency domain, and the PSFCH carries 2-bit side-link feedback information. Two PSSCHs are transmitted in time unit #2, which are a PSSCH 1 and a PSSCH 2, respectively.The PSFCH transmission resources corresponding to PSSCH 1 and PSSCH 2 are located in time unit #5, and the side-link feedback information (two bits in total) from PSSCH 1 and PSSCH 2 is carried by a PSFCH in time unit #5. EXAMPLE 4: A PSFC 4 FORMAT

[00538] The PSFCH 4 format is an extension of the PSFCH 3 format. For a PSFCH using format 4, a time-domain feature corresponding to the PSFCH includes K symbols, of which the K1 symbols (corresponding to the last K1 symbols in the K symbols) are used to transmit side-link feedback information, and the K2 symbols (corresponding to the first K2 symbols in the K symbols) are used for AGC. A PSFCH time-domain feature that carries side-link feedback information is a symbol. The PSFCH is mapped to a symbol in the K1 symbols (e.g., Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 162 / 577 155 / 240 the symbol 1stnos K1 symbols), and the remaining K1-1 symbols are used for PSFCH transmission repetition. Based on PSFCH transmission repetition in the time domain, PSFCH detection performance can be improved.

[00539] Optionally, the PSFCHs in the K1 symbols correspond to the same feature in the frequency domain or to different frequency domain features.

[00540] A PSFCH in each of the K1 symbols can be a PSFCH based on the PSFCH 3 format. In other words, in each symbol, a PSFCH occupies Z PRBs in the frequency domain, and a PSFCH carries Y bits of information. When K1 = 1, the PSFCH 4 format is equivalent to the PSFCH 3 format.

[00541] For example, Figure 36 illustrates eight time units in a set of features (i.e., time unit #0 to time unit #7 in Figure 36). A time unit includes two intervals, and a period of a PSFCH is two time units. The PSFCH is located in time units #1, #3, #5, #7, or similar. A time interval between a PSFCH transmission feature and a corresponding PSFCH transmission feature is 2, i.e., two time units. The PSFCH transmission feature includes six symbols, of which two symbols (i.e., K1 = 2, corresponding to the last K1 symbols in the K symbols) are used to transmit the PSFCH, and the remaining four symbols (i.e., K2 = 4, corresponding to the first K2 symbols in the K symbols) are used for AGC. For simplicity, an AGC symbol located at the initial position of a time unit is not shown in Figure 36.In the example in Figure 36, each PSFCH occupies two PRBs in the frequency domain, that is, Z = 2; and each PSFCH carries information. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 163 / 577 156 / 240 of 2-bit side-link feedback, i.e., Y = 2. Two PSSCHs are transmitted in time unit #2, which are a PSSCH 1 and a PSSCH 2, respectively. The PSFCH transmission resources corresponding to PSSCH 1 and PSSCH 2 are located in time unit #5, and the side-link feedback information (two bits in total) of PSSCH 1 and PSSCH 2 is carried by a PSFCH. PSFCH occupies two PRBs in the frequency domain. PSFCH is mapped to the 1st symbol in the K1 PSFCH symbols, i.e., the 5th symbol in the six symbols corresponding to the PSFCH transmission resource, and PSFCH is repeatedly mapped to the 2nd symbol of the K1 PSFCH symbols (i.e., the 6th symbol in the six symbols corresponding to the PSFCH transmission resource). The PSFCH in the 6th symbol and the PSFCH in the 5th symbol may correspond to different frequency domain features. EXAMPLE 5: A PSFCH 5 FORMAT

[00542] If a PSFCH adopts the PSFCH 5 format, a time-domain feature of a PSFCH will include K symbols, where K = K1 + K2. The K1 symbols (corresponding to the last K1 symbols in the K symbols) are used to transmit side-link feedback information, and the K2 symbols (corresponding to the first K2 symbols in the K symbols) are used for AGC.

[00543] A time-domain feature of the PSFCH that carries side-link feedback information is the K1 symbols. Optionally, the PSFCH corresponds to the same frequency-domain feature and / or code-domain feature, or to different frequency-domain features and / or code-domain features in the K1 symbols. The PSFCH occupies Z PRBs in the frequency domain, and a PSFCH carries information Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 164 / 577 157 / 240 of Y bits.

[00544] Optionally, Y-bit side-link feedback information can be carried by a sequence.

[00545] For example, a sequence length is Z · N$ · K1, where Nbb denotes a number of subcarriers included in a PRB; sequences of each length Z·NBB are mapped respectively to Z PRBs of one symbol in the K1 symbols.

[00546] As another example, a sequence length is Ζ·ΝΒΒ. M^ denotes a number of subcarriers included in a PRB; the sequence can be repeatedly mapped to each of the K1 symbols (in this case, the PSFCH 5 format is equivalent to the PSFCH 4 format).

[00547] Optionally, Y-bit feedback information is mapped to transmission resources corresponding to the K1 symbols after being subjected to channel encoding and modulation, and the transmission resources corresponding to the K1 symbols may also include a transmission resource from a PSFCH DMRS. MODE 5: METHOD OF DETERMINING A FIRST PSFCH TRANSMISSION RESOURCE AND CONFIGURATION INFORMATION FOR A FIRST PSFCH

[00548] The first PSFCH transmission resource can be determined based on one or more of the first through seventh pieces of information described below.

[00549] In some implementations, the first piece of information can be used to indicate an index of a time unit to which a first PSSCH corresponds (associated with the first PSFCH). For example, the first piece of information indicates that Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 165 / 577 158 / 240 an interval of the time unit index of the first PSSCH is [0, F1-1], where F1 is determined based on a period of a PSFCH.

[00550] In some implementations, the second piece of information can be used to indicate interval information for the first PSSCH. The interval information for the first PSSCH can be, for example, an index of an interval in which the first PSSCH is located. Optionally, an interval index range indicated by the second piece of information is determined based on the number of intervals included in a time unit. For example, the interval index range of the first PSSCH is [0, F21], and F2 can be determined based on the number of intervals included in a time unit.

[00551] In some implementations, the third piece of information can be used to indicate information about a time-domain resource where the first PSFCH is located. Optionally, the time-domain resource information can include, for example, a symbol where the first PSFCH is located. For example, the time-domain resource information can be represented as an index of the symbol where the first PSFCH is located. The index can correspond to an index (an index range is [0, Nsfrtâol0ò>10— 1]) of the first PSFCH symbol within a range, or the index corresponds to an index (an index range is [0, K—1]) in K symbols included in a transmission resource of the first PSFCH, or the index corresponds to an index (an index range is [0, K1 — 1]) in K symbols used for PSFCH transmission and included in a transmission resource of the PSFCH. Nsütâoio0 mentioned above denotes a quantity of symbols Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 166 / 577 159 / 240 included in a range, K denotes a quantity of symbols included in a PSFCH transmission resource, K1 denotes a quantity of symbols used to transmit PSFCH within the K symbols included in the PSFCH transmission resource, and K = K1 + K2, where the K2 symbols can be used for AGC.

[00552] In the example in Figure 34, PSFCHs, i.e., a PSFCH 1 and a PSFCH 2 in Figure 34, are transmitted in the 5th symbol and the 6th symbol corresponding to a PSFCH transmission resource in time unit no. 5. The first PSFCH mentioned above can be either PSFCH 1 or PSFCH 2. The transmission resources corresponding to the first PSFCH can be determined, respectively, based on the symbol indices in the K1 symbols (i.e., corresponding to an index 0 and an index 1 in the K1 symbols = 2).

[00553] In some implementations, the fourth piece of information can be used to indicate an initial position in the frequency domain of a PSSCH in the first unit of time.

[00554] In some implementations, the fifth piece of information can be used to indicate the length of a feature in the PSSCH frequency domain in the first unit of time.

[00555] In some implementations, the sixth piece of information can be used to indicate a number of reusable cyclic offset pairs in a PRB, where the cyclic offset pair is used for transmission of the first PSFCH. The number of cyclic offset pairs indicated by the sixth piece of information can be, for example, determined based on an upper-layer parameter sl-NumMuxCS-Pair.

[00556] In some implementations, the seventh piece of information can be used to indicate an identity of a Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 167 / 577 160 / 240 terminal device. The terminal device identity may include a source identity (e.g., denoted as PID). The source identity can be determined based on a Source ID information field in the SCIs associated with a PSSCH. The terminal device identity may include a first identity (denoted as MID). When a broadcast type indicator value indicated in the SCIs associated with the PSSCH is 01, the first identity can be determined based on a member identity (member ID) of a receiving end device; otherwise, the first identity is 0.

[00557] One or more parameters in the configuration information of the first PSFCH are in interval units. In a time-based structure, these parameters can be updated to be expressed in time units. Such parameters associated with the first PSFCH are described in detail below.

[00558] In some implementations, the first PSFCH is associated with a first parameter. The first parameter is used to indicate a period of the first PSFCH and, therefore, the first parameter can also be referred to as a period parameter of the first PSFCH. The first parameter can be, for example, sl-PSFCH-Period. In this embodiment of this request, the first parameter can be represented based on a quantity of time units.

[00559] In some implementations, the first PSFCH is associated with a second parameter. The second parameter is used to indicate a minimum time interval between the first PSFCH and the first PSSCH (a PSSCH associated with the first PSFCH). The second parameter can be, for example, Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 168 / 577 161 / 240 sl-MinTimeGapPSFCH. In this embodiment of this application, the second parameter is represented based on the number of time units. For example, the first PSSCH is located in a time unit n, and the first PSFCH is the 1st PSFCH available after a time unit n+k, or a time domain position corresponding to the first PSFCH is not prior to a time domain position of the 1st PSFCH available in a time unit n+k, where n is an integer and k is determined based on the second parameter.

[00560] In some implementations, the time unit of the PSSCH is determined based on a minimum time interval and a first instant. The first instant can be determined in one of the following ways: a start instant of time unit n; an end instant of time unit n; a start instant of the 1st symbol used to transmit the first PSSCH; an end instant of the last symbol used to transmit the first PSSCH; a start instant of the interval in which the first PSSCH is located; and an end instant of the interval in which the first PSSCH is located.

[00561] For example, Figure 37 illustrates eight time units (i.e., time unit #0 to time unit #7) in a resource set. The eight time units can be any eight time units in the resource set. As can be seen in Figure 37, a time unit can include two intervals, and a period of a PSFCH is two time units, i.e., one time unit in every two time units includes a PSFCH transmission resource, and the PSFCH is located in time unit #1, time unit #3, time unit Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 169 / 577 162 / 240 No. 5, time unit No. 7, and so on. Furthermore, for example, in Figure 37, a time interval (a minimum time interval) between the transmission resources of the PSFCH and its corresponding PSSCH (i.e., the side-link feedback information transmitted by the PSFCH is feedback information for the PSSCH) is 2, i.e., two time units. As shown in Figure 37, a transmission resource of a PSFCH corresponding to a PSSCH transmitted in time unit No. 1, i.e., a PSFCH in time unit No. 5, is the 1st available PSFCH transmission resource located after time unit No. 3. MODALITY 6: A DMRS STANDARD BASED ON A UNIT OF TIME

[00562] As can be seen in embodiment 2, a plurality of intervals included in a time unit can be used to transmit one or more PSSCHs. A number of symbols corresponding to a transmission feature of a PSSCH can be determined based on one or more of the following factors: a number (i.e., a value M) of intervals included in a time unit; a number (i.e., a value B) of symbols used as GP in a time unit; a number (i.e., a value A, where the value A can be determined, for example, based on a symbol interval between the position of the 1st symbol available for side link transmission in a time unit or interval and the position of the 1st symbol used for PSSCH transmission in a time unit) of symbols used for AGC in a time unit; whether a PSSCH transmission feature is included in a time unit; or a number of intervals corresponding to a feature of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 170 / 577 163 / 240 transmission of a PSSCH.

[00563] As can be seen in the previous illustration of a one-time-unit interval structure, the number of symbols corresponding to a PSSCH in one time unit varies over an extremely wide range, such as from a few symbols to dozens of symbols. For example, a PSSCH in an n+6 interval in Figure 30 corresponds to three symbols. A PSSCH in Figure 19A corresponds to 48 symbols. Furthermore, a one-time-unit PSSCH transmission feature can occupy a plurality of intervals. Therefore, a DMRS standard based on a single-interval structure in the related technique is incompatible with time-unit-based side-link transmission. This incompatibility can be reflected in the following aspects:

[00564] First, a DMRS standard for PSSCH based on a single-interval structure is not applicable for multi-interval PSSCH transmission.

[00565] Secondly, when a PSSCH transmission resource can span a plurality of intervals, it is unclear how to determine a PSSCH DMRS pattern.

[00566] Third, a PSSCH DMRS standard based on the single-range structure defines only one case where the PSSCH corresponds to a maximum of 13 symbols (see Table 1 above) and does not support a case where the number of PSSCH symbols exceeds 13.

[00567] Fourth, the PSSCH DMRS standard based on the single-range structure defines only one case where PSSCH corresponds to six or more symbols, and does not support a case where the number of PSSCH symbols Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 171 / 577 164 / 240 is less than 6.

[00568] Fifth, for time-based PSSCH transmission, how to indicate a DMRS pattern of PSSCH using SCI is also a problem to be solved.

[00569] In addition to the problems mentioned, how to transmit a PSCCH DMRS in a first time unit is also a problem that needs to be considered.

[00570] For one or more of the preceding problems, the modalities in this application provide a time-unit-based DMRS pattern. The modalities are described in detail below.

[00571] As shown in Figure 38, a method for side link transmission is provided in one embodiment of this application. The method includes step S3810, namely, a first terminal device determines a DMRS pattern of a first channel in a first time unit.

[00572] For a detailed description of the first time unit, reference can be made to modality 1 above, and the details are not described again in this document.

[00573] The first channel may include a first PSSCH or a first PSCCH. For a detailed description of the first PSSCH, reference may be made to the PSSCH-related content described above, such as how to design a PSSCH transmission resource in the first time unit (see mode 1), the PSSCH transmission mode (see mode 2), and how to determine a TBS corresponding to a PSSCH (see mode 3). For a detailed description of the first PSCCH, reference may be made to the PSCCH-related content above, such as the Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 172 / 577 165 / 240 content of a PSCCH transmission resource in the first time unit (see mode 1) and the first-order SCI (see mode 1 and mode 2).

[00574] One way to determine the DMRS pattern of the first channel is described in detail below, using examples where the first channels are a first PSSCH and the first channels are the first PSCCH, respectively. MODALITY 6.1: A DMRS STANDARD FOR A FIRST PSSCH

[00575] The DMRS pattern (or referred to as the time-domain DMRS pattern) of the first PSSCH can be determined in several ways. For example, the DMRS pattern of the first PSSCH can be determined by setting a starting position of a PSSCH DMRS symbol in the first time unit and an interval between adjacent PSSCH DMRS symbols. As another example, the DMRS pattern of the first PSSCH can be determined by extending a DMRS pattern that is based on a single interval. As yet another example, the DMRS pattern of the first PSSCH can be determined by specifically defining or setting a DMRS pattern that is based on a time unit. The method for determining the DMRS pattern of the first PSSCH is described in detail below with reference to embodiment 6.1.1 and embodiment 6.1.2.

[00576] In some implementations, the last DMRS symbol of PSSCH that is from the first PSSCH and that is determined based on the DMRS pattern of the first PSSCH is a first target symbol. A timedomain resource that is after the first target symbol and that is used to transmit the first PSSCH occupies P symbols. If the P symbols meet a first condition, at least one symbol of the P symbols Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 173 / 577 166 / 240 (as the last symbol of the P symbols) is used to map a DMRS. The first condition may include, for example, one or more of the following: a number of symbols of the P symbols is greater than or equal to a first threshold (it should be understood that the first threshold mentioned in this embodiment is different from the first threshold mentioned in embodiment 2); or a ratio between the number of symbols of the P symbols and a symbol interval (or a time interval) between two adjacent PSSCH DMRS symbols in the first PSSCH is greater than or equal to a second threshold. When there is a relatively large number of PSSCH symbols after the last DMRS symbol, the channel estimation performance is affected. Therefore, if the last PSSCH symbol is used as a DMRS symbol, the channel estimation performance can be improved and the PSSCH detection performance can be improved. The first threshold could be, for example, 3. The second threshold could be, for example, 0.5.For a detailed description, please refer to the content related to Figure 40 and Figure 47B below.

[00577] In some implementations, a DMRS of the first PSSCH occupies a first PRB in the frequency domain, and each H1 subcarrier in the first PRB is used to map a DMRS, where H1 is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. H1 can be, for example, equal to 1 or 2. If H1 is equal to 1, this indicates that the DMRS is carried on all subcarriers corresponding to the first PSSCH. If H1 is equal to 2, this indicates that the intercarrier spacing between adjacent DMRSs on the subcarriers corresponding to the first PSSCH is 2. For example, the DMRS can be mapped to an even number of subcarriers, or the DMRS can be mapped to Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 174 / 577 167 / 240 odd-numbered subcarriers. MODE 6.1.1: THE DMRS STANDARD OF THE FIRST PSSCH IS DETERMINED BASED ON THE FIRST INFORMATION.

[00578] In some implementations, the first information may be configuration information.

[00579] In some implementations, the first piece of information includes one or more of the following: information (referred to below as the second piece of information) used to determine a time domain position of the 1st DMRS symbol of PSSCH; or information (referred to below as the third piece of information) used to determine a symbol interval between two adjacent DMRS symbols of PSSCH. The time domain position of the 1st DMRS symbol of PSSCH can be determined based on the second piece of information, and the symbol interval between two adjacent DMRS symbols of PSSCH can be determined based on the third piece of information. Therefore, all symbol positions corresponding to the DMRS symbols of the first PSSCH can be determined based on the second and third pieces of information.

[00580] In this mode, a position of the 1st DMRS symbol of a PSSCH and an interval between adjacent DMRS symbols are configured using the first information. This configuration method is applicable to a case where the number of PSSCH symbols is a random number and, therefore, can be well applied to a scenario where a PSSCH transmission resource covers a plurality of intervals.

[00581] In some implementations, the second piece of information is used to indicate a time domain position or a symbol index of the 1st DMRS symbol of PSSCH in a range. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 175 / 577 168 / 240

[00582] In some implementations, the second piece of information is used to indicate a time domain position or a symbol index of the 1st DMRS symbol of PSSCH in a time unit.

[00583] In some implementations, the second piece of information is used to indicate a time-domain offset of the first DMRS symbol of PSSCH relative to the first symbol corresponding to a PSSCH transmission resource. The first symbol corresponding to the PSSCH transmission resource is the first symbol used to transmit the PSSCH. Alternatively, the first symbol corresponding to the PSSCH transmission resource may be the first symbol after a symbol used for AGC. Alternatively, the first symbol corresponding to the PSSCH transmission resource may be the first symbol to which the PSSCH is mapped. Alternatively, the first symbol corresponding to the PSSCH transmission resource may be the first symbol used for the allocation of PSSCH resources in a time unit. The time-domain offset mentioned in this implementation may be, for example, represented by a number of symbols.

[00584] In some implementations, the second piece of information is used to indicate a time-domain offset of the first DMRS symbol of PSSCH relative to the first symbol in an interval. The time-domain offset mentioned in this implementation can be, for example, represented by a number of symbols.

[00585] In some implementations, the second piece of information is used to indicate a time-domain offset of the first DMRS symbol of PSSCH relative to the first symbol by one unit of time. The time-domain offset Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 176 / 577 The 169 / 240 mentioned in this implementation can be represented, for example, by a number of symbols.

[00586] In some implementations, the second piece of information is used to indicate a time-domain offset of the first DMRS symbol of PSSCH relative to the first symbol corresponding to a PSCCH transmission resource. The time-domain offset mentioned in this implementation can be, for example, represented by a number of symbols.

[00587] In some implementations, the second piece of information is used to indicate a time-domain offset of the 1st DMRS symbol of PSSCH relative to the last symbol corresponding to a PSCCH transmission resource. The time-domain offset mentioned in this implementation can be, for example, represented by a number of symbols.

[00588] In some implementations, the second piece of information may simultaneously indicate a plurality of information types in the preceding information.

[00589] In one example, the 1st DMRS symbol for PSSCH determined based on the second piece of information is located at the 1st symbol used to transmit a PSSCH.

[00590] In another example, the 1st DMRS symbol of PSSCH determined based on the second piece of information is located in a next symbol of the PSCCH time domain resource, that is, located in a next symbol of the last time domain symbol corresponding to a transmission resource of a PSCCH.

[00591] In some implementations, the symbol interval, indicated by the third piece of information, between two Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 177 / 577 170 / 240 adjacent PSSCH DMRS symbols include one or more values, and one or more values ​​include a first value. The first value indicates that the symbol interval between two adjacent PSSCH DMRS symbols is greater than 14 (i.e., a number of symbols included in an interval in the case of a normal CP).

[00592] For example, a value for the third piece of information includes, but is not limited to, 12, 20, 24, 28, 40, 56, or something similar. Alternatively, a value for the third piece of information may also include 4, 8, 16, or something similar. The first value mentioned above could be, for example, one of 20, 24, 28, 40, or 56.

[00593] In some implementations, the first information is determined based on one or more of the following: side-link BWP configuration information, feature set configuration information, PC5-RRC configuration information, protocol preset information, pre-configured information, or network device configuration information.

[00594] For example, the feature set configuration information includes the second piece of information and the third piece of information. A transmit end device or a receive end device can determine the DMRS pattern of the first PSSCH based on the second piece of information and the third piece of information.

[00595] As another example, the second and third pieces of information may be from the same configuration information or from different configuration information. For example, the feature set configuration information includes the third piece of information, and PC5-RRC or SCI includes the Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 178 / 577 171 / 240 second piece of information.

[00596] In some implementations, the first information can be determined based on the indication information from the terminal device. The terminal device can be a side-link data transmission endpoint or a side-link data reception endpoint. The indication information can be carried using SCI, a MAC CE, or PC5-RRC signaling.

[00597] In some implementations, the first information is used to configure one or more candidate DMRS patterns of a PSSCH. The DMRS pattern of the first PSSCH is a target DMRS pattern in one or more candidate DMRS patterns.

[00598] In addition, in some implementations, the SCI in the first time unit (i.e., the SCI associated with the first PSSCH) indicates the target PSSCH DMRS pattern. For example, the feature set configuration information includes the second piece of information and the third piece of information, which are used to configure one or more candidate PSSCH DMRS patterns. The transmitting device can determine a corresponding target DMRS pattern when transmitting the first PSSCH and indicate the target DMRS pattern using SCI. The receiving end device can determine the target DMRS pattern based on the SCI.

[00599] In some implementations, the DMRS pattern of the first PSSCH is determined based on the fourth piece of information. The fourth piece of information is used to indicate a match between the first piece of information (which may alternatively be the second piece of information and / or the third). Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 179 / 577 172 / 240 information) and a first index. The matching can be configured based on the configuration information. The configuration information may include one or more of the following: side-link BWP configuration information, feature set configuration information, PC5-RRC configuration information, protocol preset information, pre-configuration information, or network device configuration information.

[00600] The match may be, for example, a match shown in Table 7. TABLE 7 The index corresponding to a DMRS pattern. The second piece of information (e.g., a time domain offset of the 1st DMRS symbol of PSSCH relative to the 1st symbol used to transmit a PSSCH). The third piece of information (e.g., a symbol interval between two adjacent DMRS symbols of PSSCH). 0 0 4 1 0 8 2 0 12 3 0 16 4 2 4 5 2 8 6 2 12 7 2 16 8 4 4 9 4 8 10 4 12 11 4 16 12 6 4 Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 180 / 577 173 / 240 13 6 8 14 6 12 15 6 16

[00601] Furthermore, in some implementations, the SCIs in the first time unit indicate the first index. In other words, when transmitting the first PSSCH, the transmitting device may first determine a DMRS pattern based on the match and indicate the DMRS pattern (as an index matching the DMRS pattern) to the receiving end device using the SCIs.

[00602] In some implementations, if the first time unit is used to transmit a PSSCH (see embodiment 2.1 above), a PSSCH transmission feature may correspond to all symbols available for PSSCH transmission in the first time unit. In this case, DMRSs can be sequentially mapped, based on the first piece of information, to all symbols available for PSSCH transmission in the first time unit. For example, the time domain position of the 1st DMRS symbol of a PSSCH can be determined based on the second piece of information, and the symbol interval between two adjacent DMRS symbols can be determined based on the third piece of information. Then, the DMRS of PSSCH can be sequentially mapped to symbols corresponding to a PSSCH transmission feature of the first time unit.

[00603] For example, Figure 39 shows two time units, namely, time unit no. 1 and time unit no. 2. The first time unit mentioned above could be time unit no. 1 or it could be time unit no. 2. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 181 / 577 174 / 240 time unit #2. In the example in Figure 39, a time unit includes two time slots; time unit #1 does not include a PSFCH transmission feature, and time unit #2 includes a PSFCH transmission feature. The allocation of PSFCH features in a time unit starts from the 5th symbol, i.e., A = 4. The first four symbols of a time unit can be used for AGC, and the last four symbols of a time unit are used as GPs, i.e., B = 4. The PSFCH time domain feature includes five symbols, where the data transmitted in the first four symbols is the same as the data transmitted in the 5th symbol, and therefore the first four symbols can be used for AGC, and the 5th symbol is used to transmit a PSFCH. A time unit includes a PSFCH and a PSFCH. A TB is transmitted in the PSFCH.The PSSCH is mapped to two intervals included in a time unit, and a PSCCH corresponding to the PSSCH occupies three symbols. It is determined based on the first information that the 1st DMRS symbol of the PSSCH is located in the 1st symbol after the last symbol of the PSCCH, and two adjacent DMRSs are separated by eight symbols. Therefore, the DMRS PSSCH can be sequentially mapped to symbols corresponding to a PSSCH transmission feature of a time unit, to obtain a DMRS pattern shown in Figure 39.

[00604] Optionally, in some embodiments, the DMRS pattern may be determined based on the second and third information. If it is determined based on the DMRS pattern that a number of symbols used to transmit the PSSCH after the last DMRS symbol of PSSCH is P, and a number of P symbols is greater than or equal to a first limit, or a ratio between the number of P symbols Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 182 / 577 If the symbol interval between two adjacent DMRS symbols is greater than or equal to a second threshold, the last symbol corresponding to the PSSCH transmission feature is also used to map a DMRS. For example, in Figure 39, following the last DMRS symbol in time unit #2, there are still seven symbols used to transmit the PSSCH (i.e., P = 7). A ratio of the seven symbols to the symbol interval between adjacent DMRS symbols (i.e., the eight symbols indicated by the third piece of information) is 0.875. If the second threshold is 0.5, the last symbol of the PSSCH transmission feature is also used to map a DMRS, as shown in Figure 40.

[00605] For example, Figure 41 shows two time units, namely, a time unit #1 and a time unit #2. The first time unit mentioned above may be time unit #1 or it may be time unit #2. In the example in Figure 41, a time unit includes four intervals, time unit #1 does not include PSFCH transmission resource, and time unit #2 includes a PSFCH transmission resource. The allocation of PSFCH resources in a time unit starts from the 9th symbol, i.e., A = 8. The first eight symbols of a time unit can be used for AGC, and the last eight symbols of a time unit are used as GPs, i.e., B = 8. A PSFCH in time unit #2 occupies nine symbols, of which eight symbols are used for AGC and one symbol is used to carry a PSFCH.In each time unit, except for the symbols used for AGC, those used as GPs, and those used for PSFCH, the remaining symbols are all the symbols used to transmit a PSSCH, and each time unit is... Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 183 / 577 176 / 240 used to transmit only one PSSCH, and a PSCCH corresponding to a respective time unit occupies three symbols. In the example in Figure 41, it is determined based on the second piece of information that the 1st DMRS symbol of the PSSCH is located at the 1st symbol used to transmit the PSSCH, and the adjacent DMRS symbols of the PSSCH are spaced eight symbols apart. Therefore, the DMRS symbols of the PSSCH can be sequentially mapped to symbols corresponding to a PSSCH transmission feature of a time unit, to obtain a DMRS pattern shown in Figure 41.

[00606] Furthermore, in time unit #1 in Figure 41, after the last DMRS symbol, there are still seven DMRS symbols used to transmit a PSSCH, and the ratio of the seven DMRS symbols to the symbol interval (whose value is 8) between adjacent DMRS symbols is 0.875. If the second threshold is 0.5, the last symbol of the PSSCH transmission feature can also be used to map a DMRS. In time unit #2 in Figure 41, after the last DMRS symbol, there are still six symbols used to transmit PSSCHs, and the ratio of the six symbols to the symbol interval (whose value is 8) between adjacent DMRS symbols is 0.75. If the second threshold is 0.5, the last symbol of the PSSCH transmission feature can also be used to map a DMRS, as shown in Figure 42.

[00607] In some implementations, if the first time unit is used to transmit a plurality of PSSCHs and the plurality of PSSCHs is used to transmit the same TB (see mode 2.2 above), because the same TB is transmitted in the plurality of PSSCHs, the plurality of PSSCHs are PSSCHs that are transmitted to the same device. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 184 / 577 177 / 240 receiving end. Therefore, a DMRS mapping method used for the plurality of PSSCHs can be similar to a DMRS mapping method used when a time unit is used to transmit a PSSCH, i.e., DMRSs are mapped sequentially, based on the first information, to all symbols in the first time unit that are used to transmit PSSCHs. For convenience of description, the DMRS mapping method is referred to as method 1 below.

[00608] In some implementations, if the first time unit is used to transmit a plurality of PSSCHs and the plurality of PSSCHs is used to transmit the same TB (see modality 2.2 above), the DMRSs are sequentially mapped, based on the first piece of information, to symbols corresponding to the respective plurality of PSSCHs. For example, for each PSSCH in the plurality of PSSCHs, a time domain position of the 1st PSSCH DMRS symbol can be determined based on the second piece of information, and a symbol interval between two adjacent PSSCH DMRS symbols can be determined based on the third piece of information. Then, the PSSCH DMRSs can be sequentially mapped to the symbols corresponding to the transmission features of the respective PSSCHs. The DMRS mapping processes between different PSSCHs are independent of each other. For convenience of description, the DMRS mapping method is referred to as method 2 below.

[00609] For example, Figure 43 (including Figure 43A and Figure 43C) shows two time units, namely, time unit no. 1 and time unit no. 2. The first time unit mentioned above may be the unit Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 185 / 577 178 / 240 of time unit #1 or it can be time unit #2. In the example in Figure 43, a time unit includes two intervals, time unit #1 does not include PSFCH transmission resource, and time unit #2 includes a PSFCH transmission resource. The allocation of PSSCH resources in a time unit starts from the 5th symbol, i.e., A = 4. The first four symbols of a time unit can be used for AGC, and the last four symbols of a time unit are used as GPs, i.e., B = 4. Two PSSCHs are transmitted in a time unit, i.e., each interval is used to transmit one PSSCH. A time domain resource of a PSSCH includes three symbols starting from the 5th symbol in a time unit.There is a symbol available to transmit a PSSCH in the 2nd interval (i.e., an n+3 interval in Figure 43) of time unit #2, but because both a PSSCH 2 transmitted in this interval and a PSSCH 1 transmitted in the 1st interval (i.e., an n+2 interval in Figure 43) in time unit #2 are used to transmit different redundancy versions of the same TB, PSSCH 2 can still be transmitted in the 2nd interval of time unit #2. If it is determined based on the second piece of information that the 1st DMRS symbol of a PSSCH corresponds to the 1st symbol of the PSSCH, two adjacent DMRS symbols of the PSSCH are separated by eight symbols.If the DMRS pattern is determined using method 1 mentioned above, i.e., the DMRSs are mapped sequentially across all PSSCH symbols in a time unit based on the time domain position of the 1st DMRS symbol and the symbol gap between two adjacent PSSCH DMRS symbols, a DMRS mapping result shown in Figure 43A can be obtained. If... Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 186 / 577 179 / 240 If the DMRS pattern is determined using method 2 mentioned above, for each PSSCH in a time unit, a DMRS pattern is determined based on the second and third pieces of information; a DMRS mapping result is shown in Figure 43B. If it is determined based on the second piece of information that the 1st DMRS symbol of a PSSCH corresponds to the 2nd symbol of the PSSCH, two adjacent DMRS symbols of the PSSCH are separated by eight symbols. If the DMRS pattern is determined using method 2 mentioned above, for each PSSCH in a time unit, a DMRS pattern is determined based on the second and third pieces of information; a DMRS mapping result is shown in Figure 43C.

[00610] For another example, Figure 44 shows two time units, namely, time unit #1 and time unit #2. The first time unit mentioned above could be time unit #1 or it could be time unit #2. In the example in Figure 44, one time unit includes four intervals. The allocation of PSSCH resources in a time unit starts from the ninth symbol, i.e., A = 8. The first eight symbols of a time unit can be used for AGC, and the last eight symbols of a time unit are used as GPs, i.e., B = 8. One time unit is used to transmit two PSSCHs, i.e., one PSSCH is transmitted every two intervals. A time domain resource of a PSSCH includes three symbols starting from the 9th symbol in a time unit. Time unit #2 includes a PSFCH transmission feature, and therefore, between the 3rd and 4th intervals, there are three symbols available to transmit a PSSCH.However, as both a PSSCH 2 transmitted in this interval and a PSSCH 1 transmitted in the same interval... Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 187 / 577 The first two intervals in time unit #2, 180 / 240, are used to transmit different redundancy versions of the same TB; PSSCH 2 can still be transmitted in this interval. It is determined from the second piece of information that the first DMRS symbol of a PSSCH corresponds to the first symbol of the PSSCH, and it is determined from the third piece of information that two adjacent DMRSs are separated by eight symbols. If method 1 mentioned above is used, a DMRS pattern in a time unit is shown in Figure 44A. If method 2 mentioned above is used, a DMRS pattern in a time unit is shown in Figure 44B.

[00611] In some implementations, if the first time unit is used to transmit a plurality of PSSCHs and the plurality of PSSCHs is used to transmit different TBs (see modality 2.3 above), the DMRSs are mapped sequentially, based on the first information, to all symbols available to transmit the PSSCHs in the first time unit. For example, if a plurality of TBs is transmitted to the same receiving end device, this implementation can be used to map a DMRS pattern.

[00612] In some implementations, if the first time unit is used to transmit a plurality of PSSCHs and the plurality of PSSCHs is used to transmit different TBs (see modality 2.3 above), the DMRSs are mapped sequentially, based on the first information, to symbols corresponding to the plurality of PSSCHs, respectively.

[00613] For example, Figure 45 shows two time units, namely, a time unit no. 1 and a Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 188 / 577 181 / 240 time unit #2. The first time unit mentioned above could be time unit #1 or it could be time unit #2. In the example in Figure 45, a time unit includes two intervals. The allocation of PSSCH resources in a time unit starts from the 5th symbol, i.e., A = 4. The first four symbols of a time unit can be used for AGC, and the last four symbols of a time unit are used as GPs, i.e., B = 4. Two PSSCHs are transmitted in a time unit, meaning each interval is used to transmit one PSSCH. The 2nd interval (i.e., an n+3 interval in Figure 45) in time unit #2 includes only one symbol used to transmit a PSSCH, and therefore this interval cannot be used to transmit different transport blocks. Therefore, a PSSCH in this interval can be used to repeatedly transmit the data of the 1st symbol or the last symbol of a PSSCH (i.e., a PSSCH 1) in a previous interval, to improve transmission reliability. It can be determined from the second piece of information that the 1st DMRS symbol of a PSSCH corresponds to the 1st symbol of the PSSCH, and it can be determined from the third piece of information that the symbol interval between two adjacent DMRS symbols is 8. In this case, a DMRS mapping result is shown in Figure 45.Since the data from a PSSCH 2 in the 2nd interval in time unit #2 is a repetition of the data from PSSCH 1, no DMRS can be mapped to the 1st PSSCH symbol in this interval. In some implementations, a DMRS can be mapped to the 1st symbol of... PSSCH during this interval.

[00614] As another example, Figure 46 shows two time units, namely, a time unit no. 1 and a Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 189 / 577 182 / 240 time unit #2. The first time unit mentioned above may be time unit #1 or it may be time unit #2. In the example in Figure 46, a time unit includes four intervals. The allocation of PSSCH resources in a time unit starts from the 5th symbol, i.e., A = 4. The first four symbols of a time unit can be used for AGC, and the last four symbols of a time unit are used as GPs, i.e., B = 4. A time unit is used to transmit two PSSCHs, i.e., one PSSCH is transmitted every two intervals. Different TBs are transmitted in the respective PSSCHs, and each PSSCH has its corresponding PSCCH. In a time unit, the first two intervals are used to transmit a PSSCH 1 and the last two intervals are used to transmit a PSSCH 2. Time unit #2 includes a transmission feature of PSFCH. It can be determined based on the second piece of information that the 1st DMRS symbol of a PSSCH corresponds to the 1st symbol of PSSCH, and it can be determined based on the third piece of information that two adjacent DMRSs are separated by eight symbols. A DMRS corresponding to a respective PSSCH is determined based on the previous information and, in this case, a DMRS mapping result is shown in Figure 46A.

[00615] Furthermore, in time unit no. 1 in Figure 46A, after the last DMRS symbol corresponding to a PSSCH 1, there are still seven symbols used to transmit PSSCHs, and the ratio of the seven symbols to an interval (whose value is 8) between adjacent DMRS symbols is 0.875. If the second limit is 0.5, the last symbol of a PSSCH 1 transmission feature can also be used to map a DMRS; after the last DMRS symbol corresponding to a PSSCH Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 190 / 577 183 / 240 In time unit #2 in Figure 46A, following the last DMRS symbol corresponding to PSSCH 1, there are still seven symbols used to transmit PSSCHs, and the ratio of the seven symbols to an interval (whose value is 8) between adjacent DMRS symbols is 0.875, which is greater than the second limit. Therefore, the last symbol of a transmission feature of PSSCH 2 can also be used to map a DMRS.In this case, the last symbol of a PSSCH 1 transmission resource can also be used to map a DMRS; and after the last DMRS symbol corresponding to PSSCH 2, there are still six symbols used to transmit PSSCHs, and the ratio of the six symbols to an interval (whose value is 8) between adjacent DMRS symbols is 0.75, which is greater than the second limit, and in this case, the last symbol of a PSSCH 2 transmission resource can also be used to map one. DMRS. A mapping result of a DMRS pattern is shown in Figure 46B. MODALITY 6.1.2: THE DMRS STANDARD OF THE FIRST PSSCH IS DETERMINED BASED ON A FIRST DMRS STANDARD.

[00616] In some implementations, the first DMRS pattern is determined based on information predefined by the protocol, pre-configuration information, network device configuration information, or indication information transmitted by a terminal device. The terminal device may be a side-link data transmission endpoint or a data reception endpoint. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 191 / 577 184 / 240 side link.

[00617] In some implementations, the first DMRS pattern is determined based on a DMRS pattern corresponding to a PSSCH transmitted in a single interval.

[00618] In some implementations, each interval in the first time unit corresponds to the same first DMRS pattern. If each interval in a time unit has the same first DMRS pattern, the SCI of the time unit only needs to indicate that DMRS pattern, thus reducing control signaling overhead.

[00619] In some implementations, the first PSSCH is one of a plurality of PSSCHs transmitted in the first time unit. The plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to the same first DMRS pattern. If a plurality of PSSCHs transmitted in a time unit have the same first DMRS pattern, the SCIs of the time unit only need to indicate that DMRS pattern, thus reducing control signaling overhead.

[00620] In some implementations, the first PSSCH includes a plurality of intervals. The plurality of intervals corresponds to the same first DMRS pattern.

[00621] In some implementations, the first PSSCH includes a plurality of intervals. The plurality of intervals has corresponding DMRS patterns. In other words, each interval in the plurality of intervals corresponds to a first DMRS pattern, and different intervals in the plurality of intervals may correspond to the same first DMRS pattern or to different first DMRS patterns.

[00622] In some implementations, the first Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 192 / 577 185 / 240 PSSCH is one of a plurality of PSSCHs transmitted in the first time unit. The plurality of PSSCHs has respective corresponding DMRS first patterns. In other words, each PSSCH in the plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to a DMRS first pattern, and different PSSCHs in the plurality of PSSCHs may correspond to the same DMRS first pattern or different DMRS first patterns.

[00623] Different PSSCHs or different intervals in a time unit may correspond to different first DMRS patterns. The transmission device can flexibly select a DMRS pattern corresponding to a respective PSSCH based on a transport block MCS (Mean Cross Section) or a performance requirement, thus ensuring transmission performance of different TBs.

[00624] In some implementations, the first DMRS pattern is used to determine a relative position between each DMRS symbol of PSSCH and a target symbol in a range. The target symbol can be a specific symbol in the range.

[00625] For example, the target symbol could be the 1st symbol in the range.

[00626] As another example, the target symbol may be the 1st symbol available for side link transmission in the range.

[00627] As another example, the target symbol may be the 1st symbol available for PSSCH transmission in the range.

[00628] In some implementations, the SCIs in the first time unit indicate the first DMRS pattern.

[00629] In some implementations, a range of Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 193 / 577 The 186 / 240 time (or symbol interval) of a DMRS symbol relative to the 1st symbol of a first PSSCH is determined based on the first DMRS pattern, and the positions of one or more DMRS symbols are determined based on the time interval and the position of the 1st symbol of a PSSCH in a first interval, where the first interval is used to transmit the first PSSCH.

[00630] In some implementations, if a symbol position corresponding to the first DMRS symbol exceeds the position of the last symbol available for PSSCH transmission in the first interval, no mapping is performed on the first DMRS symbol in the first interval, where the first DMRS symbol is a DMRS symbol in one or more DMRS symbols. In other words, in this implementation, mapping is performed on only part of the DMRS symbols in the first DMRS pattern.

[00631] In some implementations, the first DMRS pattern corresponds to a DMRS pattern when all symbols in a range are used for PSSCH transmission.

[00632] In some implementations, the first DMRS pattern may correspond to a first number of symbols in a range. The first number of symbols can be defined in a plurality of ways, and two possible ways of defining it are given below. DEFINITION 1: THE FIRST SYMBOL QUANTITY IS A QUANTITY OF SYMBOLS (OR A MAXIMUM QUANTITY OF SYMBOLS) AVAILABLE FOR PSSCH TRANSMISSION IN AN INTERVAL USED WHEN A PSSCH IS TRANSMITTED BASED ON A SINGLE INTERVAL.

[00633] In some implementations, the first DMRS pattern is a DMRS pattern applicable to a case where Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 194 / 577 187 / 240 a PSSCH is transmitted based on a single interval. The DMRS pattern in which the PSSCH is transmitted based on a single interval can be predefined by a protocol. For example, in an NR SL system, a protocol predefines the DMRS pattern in which the PSSCH is transmitted based on a single interval, as shown in Table 1 described above. When transmitting the PSSCH, the transmitting device can independently determine the first DMRS pattern based on Table 1 and indicate the first DMRS pattern in the SCIs transmitted along with the PSSCH. For PSSCH transmission in multiple intervals, a PSSCH transmission feature can span a plurality of intervals. In this case, the transmitting end device can determine the first DMRS pattern based on a DMRS pattern (i.e., the DMRS pattern in Table 1) used when the PSSCH is transmitted in a single interval.Therefore, when a PSSCH is transmitted using multiple ranges, the symbol position of a DMRS for each range in the plurality of ranges corresponding to the PSSCH can be determined based on the first DMRS standard, and the first DMRS standard is indicated in the SCI. A DMRS standard used when a PSSCH is transmitted based on a single range is used directly as the first DMRS standard, and a DMRS symbol position corresponding to a PSSCH in each range is determined based on the first DMRS standard, so that direct compatibility can be achieved. It should be understood that the DMRS standard used when a PSSCH is transmitted based on a single range mentioned in the embodiments of this application may be a PSSCH DMRS standard provided in a related technology (as shown in Table 1), or it may be a redefined DMRS standard. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 195 / 577 188 / 240 is used when a PSSCH is transmitted based on a single interval, or a DMRS pattern determined based on configuration information and used when a PSSCH is transmitted based on a single interval.

[00634] In some implementations, the first number of symbols corresponding to the first DMRS pattern is 13 or 14. For example, the first DMRS pattern corresponds to the DMRS pattern used when PSSCH includes 13 symbols in Table 1.

[00635] In some implementations, the first DMRS pattern is determined based on Table 1. If the number of PSCCH symbols is 3, a DMRS pattern with a number of DMRS symbols equal to 3 can be selected as the first DMRS pattern, and thus it can be determined that the intervals of the DMRS symbols relative to the 1st PSCCH symbol are 1, 6, and 11, respectively. When the first DMRS pattern is applied to PSCCH transmission with multiple intervals, for an interval corresponding to a respective PSCCH, the time domain position of the DMRS symbols in the interval can be determined based on symbol intervals 1, 6, and 11, respectively. If the number of symbols available to transmit the PSCCH in the interval is less than 12, the interval may include only part of the DMRS symbols in the first DMRS pattern.

[00636] In an example where a PSSCH is transmitted in the first time unit, several specific examples are provided below with reference to Figure 47 and Figure 48.

[00637] For example, Figure 47A includes a time unit #1 and a time unit #2, and the first time unit mentioned above can be any of the Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 196 / 577 189 / 240 time units #1 and time unit #2. In Figure 47A, a time unit is used to transmit a PSSCH. Although a PSSCH transmission feature spans a plurality of intervals, the position of a DMRS symbol in each interval can be determined based on a first DMRS pattern. In Figure 47A, the first DMRS pattern adopts a DMRS pattern corresponding to a case where the number of PSSCH symbols is 13, the number of PSCCH symbols is 3, and the number of DMRS symbols is 3 in Table 1. The intervals of the DMRS symbols corresponding to the first DMRS pattern relative to the 1st PSSCH symbol are 1, 6, and 11. Then, for each interval, the positions in the time domain of the DMRS symbols in the interval can be determined based on the relative positions. As shown in Figure 47A, the 1st interval (i.e., an interval n) of time unit n° 1 includes four AGC symbols.A time domain position of the 1st PSSCH symbol is the 5th symbol (symbol index 4) in the interval. In this case, the 1st DMRS symbol position is the 6th symbol (symbol index 5), and the 2nd DMRS symbol position is the 11th symbol (symbol index 10). Since the number of symbols available for PSSCH transmission in the interval is less than 14, only part of the DMRS symbols corresponding to the first DMRS pattern can be mapped to the interval; that is, the interval does not include the 3rd DMRS symbol corresponding to the first DMRS pattern because the 3rd DMRS symbol position determined according to interval 11 exceeded the interval positions. Similarly, the 2nd interval (i.e., an n+1 interval) of time unit #1 includes four symbols that are used as GPs. The 1st PSSCH symbol position is the 1st symbol (symbol index 10). Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 197 / 577 190 / 240 symbol 0) in the interval. In this case, the 1st position of the DMRS symbol is the 2nd symbol (symbol index 1), and the 2nd position of the DMRS symbol is the 7th symbol (symbol index 6). Since the number of symbols available for PSSCH transmission in the interval is less than 14, only some of the DMRS symbols corresponding to the first DMRS pattern are mapped in the interval; that is, the interval does not include the 3rd DMRS symbol corresponding to the first DMRS pattern because a position of the 3rd DMRS symbol determined according to interval 11 is used as a GP symbol and cannot be used to map a DMRS. One way to determine a DMRS in the 1st interval (i.e., interval n+2) in time unit n° 2 is the same as the way to determine the DMRS in the 1st interval (interval n) in time unit n° 1. The 2nd interval (interval n+3) in time unit n° 2 includes only one symbol of PSSCH.The first DMRS symbol position determined according to the range is the second symbol in the range, but the second symbol is used as GP and cannot be used to map DMRS. The second DMRS symbol position determined according to the range is the seventh symbol, and a seventh symbol position is a symbol position corresponding to a PSFCH transmission resource and cannot be used to map it. DMRS. The 3rd position of the DMRS symbol determined according to the interval is the 12th symbol, and the 12th symbol is used as a GP symbol and cannot be used to map the DMRS. Therefore, the 2nd interval (interval n+3) in time unit #2 does not include any DMRS symbol. The SCIs transmitted in time unit #1 or time unit #2 may carry indication information to indicate the first DMRS pattern. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 198 / 577 191 / 240

[00638] Optionally, when the DMRS symbol position in the interval is determined based on an interval corresponding to the first DMRS pattern, a number of symbols available for PSSCH transmission after the last DMRS symbol in the interval is greater than or equal to a first limit; or when a ratio between the number of symbols used to transmit a PSSCH after the last DMRS symbol for a symbol interval between two adjacent DMRS symbols corresponding to the first DMRS pattern is greater than or equal to a second limit, the last symbol corresponding to a PSSCH transmission feature in the interval can also be used to map the DMRS. For example, in Figure 47A, in time unit #1, there are still three symbols to transmit the PSSCH after the last DMRS symbol in the 1st interval, and there are still three symbols to transmit the PSSCH after the last DMRS symbol in the 2nd interval. An interval between adjacent DMRS symbols is 5.If the second threshold is 0.5, the last symbol of a PSSCH transmission resource in the 1st and 2nd intervals of time unit #1 can also be used to map the DMRS, as shown in Figure 47B. Similarly, the last symbol of a PSSCH transmission resource in the 1st interval of time unit #2 can also be used to map the... DMRS.

[00639] Furthermore, a relative position of each DMRS symbol in relation to the 1st symbol in an interval can also be determined based on the first DMRS pattern, and a DMRS pattern in each interval can be determined based on the relative position. For example, referring to Figure 47C, the intervals of DMRS symbols corresponding to the first Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 199 / 577 The 192 / 240 DMRS pattern relative to the 1st symbol in the interval is 1, 6, and 11. For the 1st interval in time unit #1, the DMRS symbol positions determined based on the first DMRS pattern should be symbols 1, 6, and 11; however, since symbol 1 is used for AGC and no DMRS can be mapped to that symbol, the DMRS is mapped only to symbols 6 and 11 in the interval. For the 2nd interval of time unit #1, the DMRS symbol positions determined based on the first DMRS pattern should be symbols 1 and 11; however, since symbol 11 is used as GP and no DMRS can be mapped to that symbol, the DMRS is mapped only to symbols 6 and 11 in the interval. DMRS is mapped to this symbol; DMRS is mapped only to symbols 1 and 6 in the interval. For the 1st interval in time unit #2, the DMRS mapping is the same as in the 1st interval in time unit #1. For the 2nd interval of time unit #2, a DMRS symbol position determined based on the first DMRS pattern should be symbols 1, 6, and 11; however, since symbols 1 and 11 are used as GPs and symbol 6 is used for AGC, no DMRS is mapped to these symbols, i.e., the 2nd interval does not include a DMRS symbol.

[00640] For example, for a transmission mode shown in Figure 48 (i.e., a PSSCH is transmitted in a time unit), although the transmission capabilities of the PSSCH span a plurality of intervals, the position of a DMRS symbol in each interval can be determined separately based on the first DMRS pattern. Different time units may correspond to different first DMRS patterns. For example, the intervals of the DMRS symbols corresponding to the 1st DMRS pattern in time unit #1 relative to the 1st PSSCH symbol are 1, 6, and 11. A Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 200 / 577 193 / 240 The number of symbols corresponding to a PSSCH in the 2nd interval and in the 3rd interval in time unit #1 is 14. Each interval can include three DMRS symbols. The number of symbols corresponding to the PSSCH in the 1st interval is 6, and therefore the interval includes only one DMRS symbol. Similarly, the number of symbols corresponding to the PSSCH in the 4th interval is also 6, and therefore the interval also includes only one DMRS symbol. The intervals of DMRS symbols corresponding to a first DMRS pattern in time unit #2 relative to the 1st PSSCH symbol are 3 and 10. The number of symbols corresponding to the PSSCH in the 2nd interval is 14, which can include two DMRS symbols located in symbol 3 and symbol 10, respectively. The number of symbols corresponding to PSSCH in the 1st interval is 6, and therefore the interval includes only one DMRS symbol, which is located at the 12th symbol (i.e., symbol 11).The number of symbols corresponding to PSSCH in the 3rd interval is 3. Based on the first DMRS pattern, the 1st DMRS symbol of the interval is located in the 4th symbol, that is, symbol 3, and its corresponding position is used as GP. Thus, no DMRS is mapped. The SCI transmitted in the first time unit carries indication information to indicate the first DMRS pattern.

[00641] Similar to Figure 47B, in this example, it can also be determined, based on a comparison between a number of PSSCH symbols after the last DMRS in an interval and a first or second limit, whether a DMRS can be mapped to the last PSSCH symbol, which will not be repeated here.

[00642] It should be noted that, in Figure 48 a Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 201 / 577 194 / 240 Figure 54, the position of the DMRS symbol (x, y) or (x, y, z) of a first DMRS pattern can represent a time shift of a DMRS symbol relative to the 1st PSSCH symbol.

[00643] In an example where a plurality of PSSCHs are transmitted in the first time unit and the plurality of PSSCHs correspond to the same TB, several specific examples are provided below with reference to Figure 49.

[00644] For example, for a transmission mode shown in Figure 49 (a plurality of PSSCHs is transmitted in a time unit and the plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to the same TB), a plurality of PSSCHs can be transmitted in a time unit and the transmission capabilities of each PSSCH can span a plurality of intervals. In the example in Figure 49, the position of the DMRS symbol in each interval can be determined separately based on a first DMRS pattern. Different time units can correspond to different first DMRS patterns. For example, in Figure 49A, the intervals between the DMRS symbols corresponding to a first DMRS pattern in time unit #1 relative to the 1st PSSCH symbol are 1, 6, and 11. The number of symbols corresponding to a PSSCH in the 2nd interval and in the 3rd interval in time unit #1 is 14, and each interval can include three DMRS symbols.In time unit #1, the number of symbols corresponding to PSSCH in the 1st interval is 6, including only one DMRS symbol. Similarly, the number of symbols corresponding to PSSCH in the 4th interval is also 6, also including only one DMRS symbol. The intervals of DMRS symbols corresponding to a first DMRS pattern in time unit #2 relative to the 1st. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 202 / 577 The 195 / 240 PSSCH symbols are 3 and 10. The number of symbols corresponding to PSSCH in the 2nd interval is 14, and therefore the interval can include two DMRS symbols located at symbol 3 and symbol 10, respectively. The number of symbols corresponding to PSSCH in the 1st interval is 6, which includes only one DMRS symbol located at symbol 12. The number of symbols corresponding to PSSCH in the 3rd interval is 3. Based on the first DMRS pattern, the 1st DMRS symbol of the interval is located at symbol 4, i.e., symbol 3, and its corresponding position is used as GP. Thus, no DMRS is mapped. If time unit #2 adopts the same first DMRS pattern as time unit #1, that is, the intervals of the DMRS symbols relative to the 1st PSSCH symbol are 1, 6, and 11, then there may be a DMRS symbol in the 3rd interval of time unit #2, as shown in Figure 49B.

[00645] Since PSSCHs in a time unit are used to transmit the same TB, the first time unit can only include one PSCCH, and the first DMRS pattern is indicated by the SCIs carried by the PSSCHs.

[00646] In an example where a plurality of PSSCHs are transmitted in the first time unit, and the plurality of PSSCHs correspond to different TBs, a specific example is provided below with reference to Figure 50.

[00647] For example, for a transmission mode shown in Figure 50 (a plurality of PSSCHs is transmitted in a unit of time, and the plurality of PSSCHs corresponds to different TBs), the transmission resources of each PSSCH can span a plurality of intervals, and the position of a DMRS symbol in each interval can be determined with Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 203 / 577 196 / 240 based on a first DMRS pattern. Different time units may correspond to different first DMRS patterns. In the example in Figure 50, the ranges of DMRS symbols corresponding to a first DMRS pattern in time unit #1 relative to the 1st PSSCH symbol are 1, 6, and 11. The number of symbols corresponding to a PSSCH in the 2nd and 3rd intervals in time unit #1 is 14, and each interval may include three DMRS symbols. The number of symbols corresponding to the PSSCH in the 1st interval is 10, and therefore the interval includes only two DMRS symbols. Similarly, the number of symbols corresponding to the PSSCH in the 4th interval is also 10, and therefore the interval also includes only two DMRS symbols. A PSCCH associated with the PSSCH in time unit #1 carries indication information to indicate the first DMRS pattern corresponding to time unit #1.The intervals of DMRS symbols corresponding to a first DMRS pattern in a time unit #2 relative to the 1st PSSCH symbol are 3 and 10. The number of symbols corresponding to PSSCH in the 2nd interval and the 3rd interval is 14, and therefore the interval can only include two DMRS symbols located at symbol 3 and symbol 10, respectively. The number of symbols corresponding to PSSCH in the 1st interval is 10, and therefore the interval includes only one DMRS symbol, which is located at symbol 7. The number of symbols corresponding to PSSCH in the 4th interval is 1, and therefore, based on the first DMRS pattern, the 1st DMRS symbol is located at the 4th symbol of the interval, i.e., symbol 3. Since one symbol position of the 4th symbol is used as GP, no DMRS is mapped. A PSCCH associated with PSSCH in the unit. Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, page 204 / 577 Time unit 197 / 240 #2 carries indicator information to indicate the first DMRS pattern corresponding to time unit #2.

[00648] The above description is based primarily on an example in which each interval in a time unit corresponds to the same DMRS pattern. In some other embodiments, different PSSCHs may correspond to different first DMRS patterns, or different intervals may correspond to different first DMRS patterns. If a PSSCH transmission resource includes a plurality of intervals, the plurality of intervals may correspond to the same DMRS pattern or to different DMRS patterns. In this case, the SCI carried by a PSSCH and transmitted simultaneously with the PSSCH carries indication information to indicate a first DMRS pattern. When different intervals of the PSSCH correspond to different first DMRS patterns, the...

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A LATERAL LINK TRANSMISSION METHOD characterized by comprising: receiving or transmitting, by a first terminal device, a first physical link feedback channel, PSFCH, in a first time unit, wherein the first PSFCH is used to carry the first lateral link feedback information corresponding to one or more shared physical lateral link channels, PSSCH, in a second time unit; and either of the first time unit and the second time unit comprises M consecutive intervals, wherein M is a positive integer greater than 1.

2. METHOD, according to claim 1, characterized in that the first side-link feedback information is 1-bit side-link feedback information.

3. METHOD, according to claim 2, characterized in that one or more PSSCHs are used to carry a transport block TB; and the first side-link feedback information is the side-link feedback information corresponding to one TB; or one or more PSSCHs are used to carry a plurality of TBs; and the first side-link feedback information is determined based on the side-link feedback information corresponding to the plurality of TBs.

4. METHOD, according to claim 3, characterized by Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 249 / 577 2 / 5 if the side link feedback information corresponding to the plurality of TBs is all ACK confirmation, the value of the first side link feedback information is a first value; and / or if the side link feedback information corresponding to at least one TB in the plurality of TBs is a negative NACK confirmation, the value of the first side link feedback information is a second value.

5. METHOD, according to claim 2, characterized in that one or more PSSCHs are used to carry a plurality of TBs; and the first PSFCH is one of a plurality of PSFCHs corresponding to the plurality of TBs, and the plurality of PSFCHs are used, respectively, to carry side-link feedback information corresponding to the plurality of TBs.

6. METHOD, according to claim 1, characterized in that the first side-link feedback information is a side-link feedback information comprising a plurality of bits.

7. METHOD, according to claim 6, characterized in that one or more PSSCHs are used to carry a plurality of TBs; and the side-link feedback information comprising the plurality of bits, respectively, corresponds to the plurality of TBs.

8. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a quantity of bits included in the first side link feedback information Petition 870250078532, dated 03 / 09 / 2025, p. 250 / 577 3 / 5 being determined based on a quantity of TBs transmitted in the second time unit.

9. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a transmission feature of the first PSFCH is determined based on one or more of the following information: first information, used to indicate an index of a time unit corresponding to a first PSSCH associated with the first PSFCH; second information, used to indicate an index of an interval in which the first PSSCH is located; third information, used to indicate a symbol in which the first PSFCH is located; fourth information, used to indicate an initial frequency domain position of a PSSCH in the first time unit; fifth information, used to indicate a length of a frequency domain feature of a PSSCH in the first time unit; sixth information, used to indicate a number of reusable cyclic shift pairs in a PRB;or seventh piece of information, used to indicate the identity of a terminal device, where cyclic shift pairs are used to transmit the first PSFCH.

10. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the first PSFCH is associated with a first parameter, the first parameter is used to indicate a period of the first PSFCH, and the first parameter is expressed based on a quantity of time units, where a time unit comprises M consecutive intervals.

11. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the first PSFCH is associated with a second parameter, the second parameter is used to indicate a minimum time interval between the first PSFCH and a first PSSCH, and the second parameter is expressed based on a number of time units, wherein the first PSSCH is associated with the first PSFCH, and a time unit comprises M consecutive intervals.

12. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the first time unit comprises a first guard symbol, the first guard symbol comprises B consecutive symbols, and the B symbols being the last B symbols of the first time unit, where B is a positive integer greater than 1.

13. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the first time unit comprises a first time-domain feature used to transmit a PSFCH, the first time unit comprises a second guard symbol, the second guard symbol comprises B consecutive symbols, and the B symbols in the second guard symbol are located before the first time-domain feature, wherein B is a positive integer greater than 1.

14. TERMINAL DEVICE wherein the terminal device is a first terminal device, wherein the first terminal device is characterized by comprising a transceiver, a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is configured to store a program, and the processor is configured to invoke the program in memory and control the transceiver to receive or transmit a signal, to cause the first terminal device to execute the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13.

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