METHOD AND APPARATUS OF COMMUNICATION

Abstract

The present application relates to a communication method and apparatus. The method comprises: a first terminal device sending a first sidelink synchronization signal, wherein the first sidelink synchronization signal comprises a first sequence, the first sequence is used for bearing frame synchronization information, and the frame synchronization information is used for performing synchronization between another terminal device and the first terminal device. By means of the sequence bearing frame synchronization information, the embodiments of the present application allow a sensing device to achieve synchronization without needing to identify a PSBCH.

Description

1 / 51 METHOD AND APPARATUS OF COMMUNICATION CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED REQUESTS

[001] This application claims priority for Chinese Patent Application No. 202310261315.0, filed with the National Intellectual Property Administration of China on March 13, 2023, entitled SYNCHRONIZATION SIGNAL SENDING METHOD AND DEVICE, and for Chinese Patent Application No. 202310468849.0, filed with the National Intellectual Property Administration of China on April 23, 2023, entitled COMMUNICATION METHOD AND APPARATUS, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[002] This application relates to the field of communication technologies and, in particular, to a method and apparatus for communication. BACKGROUND

[003] A device with a detection function can be called a detection device, and the detection device can detect a target by means of self-transmission and self-receiving. For example, the detection device can send a detection reference signal and can receive a reflected echo signal after the detection reference signal reaches the target. The detection device can detect information such as the target's distance and speed by comparing the detection reference signal with the echo signal.

[004] Currently, synchronization between user equipment (UEs) can be implemented using a sidelink synchronization signal block (S-SSB). The S-SSB includes a sidelink primary synchronization signal (S-PSS), a sidelink secondary synchronization signal (S-SSS), and a shared physical sidelink channel. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 14 / 93 2 / 51 (physical sidelink broadcast channel, PSBCH). The PSBCH can be generated using a process such as channel encoding. Additionally, some UEs may implement a detection function. Therefore, these UEs are detection devices and can be called detection UEs. In many detection scenarios (such as a residential detection scenario or an industrial application scenario), to limit costs, usually only a simple radar detection module is configured for a detection UE, and functional modules, such as a channel encoding / decoding module and a modulation / demodulation module, are not configured for the detection UE. In this case, the detection UE may fail to generate a PSBCH using a process such as channel encoding and fail to perform an operation such as channel decoding on a PSBCH in a received S-SSB. Consequently, synchronization cannot be implemented. SUMMARY

[005] The modalities of this application provide a method and a communication apparatus to enable a detection device to implement synchronization.

[006] According to a first aspect, a first communication method is provided. The method may be implemented by a terminal device, may be implemented by another device including a function of the terminal device, or may be implemented by a chip system (or a chip) or other functional module. The chip system or functional module may implement the function of the terminal device, and the chip system or functional module is, for example, disposed within the terminal device. The terminal device is, for example, a first terminal device. The first terminal device is, for example, a sensing device or a communication device. The method includes: sending a first side link synchronization signal, where the first side link synchronization signal includes a first sequence, Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 15 / 93 3 / 51 The first sequence is used to carry frame synchronization information, and the frame synchronization information is used by another terminal device to synchronize with the first terminal device.

[007] In this embodiment of this request, the first sequence can be used to carry the frame synchronization information. For example, the first terminal device is a detection device. For the detection device, since the frame synchronization information can be carried using a sequence, the sending of a side-link synchronization signal is implemented. However, for a receiving end of the side-link synchronization signal, even if the receiving end is a detection device configured only with a simple radar detection module and cannot identify a PSBCH, the detection device will still be able to identify the first sequence. Therefore, synchronization can be performed based on the frame synchronization information carried using the first sequence.It can be learned that, since frame synchronization information is carried using the sequence, the detection device can still implement synchronization with another detection device without identifying the PSBCH. For another example, if the first terminal device is a communication device, the communication device can also carry frame synchronization information using a sequence. However, for a receiving end of a side-link synchronization signal, even if the receiving end is a detection device configured only with a simple radar detection module and cannot identify a PSBCH, the detection device can still identify the first sequence. Therefore, synchronization can be performed based on the frame synchronization information carried using the first sequence. It can be learned that, since the information of... Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, p. 16 / 93 4 / 51 frame synchronization is ported using the sequence, the detection device can still implement synchronization with the communication device without identifying the PSBCH, and this is more conducive to the implementation of global synchronization.

[008] In an optional implementation, the first sequence is also used to carry a CRC. In addition to carrying the frame synchronization information, the first sequence also carries the CRC, so the success rate of transmitting the frame synchronization information can be increased.

[009] In an optional implementation, frame synchronization information is included in a MIB, and the MIB includes only frame synchronization information. The MIB can include only frame synchronization information so that first-sequence overheads can be reduced.

[010] In an optional implementation, the first sequence is repeated N times in the first sidelink synchronization signal, and N is a positive integer. It can also be understood as the first sidelink (SL) synchronization signal including N first sequences, and the N first sequences are the same. The first sequence is sent repeatedly so that the signal-to-noise ratio received from the first SL synchronization signal can be increased.

[011] In an optional implementation, the first sequence is an M sequence, a golden sequence, or a ZC sequence. Furthermore, the first sequence can be any other sequence. This is not limited.

[012] In an optional implementation, the first sequence occupies a plurality of consecutive frequency domain units, or occupies a plurality of frequency domain units in a combined manner; and / or the first sequence occupies one or more time domain units. The first sequence may occupy consecutive frequency domain units in Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 17 / 93 5 / 51 frequency domain, or it can occupy a plurality of frequency domain units in a comb-like fashion. The frequency domain distribution of the first sequence is not limited. Furthermore, if the first sequence is short, one time domain unit may be occupied. If the first sequence is long, a plurality of time domain units may be occupied, and the plurality of time domain units may be consecutive or non-consecutive.

[013] In an optional implementation, the first terminal device is a sensing device. Alternatively, the first terminal device may be a communication device.

[014] In an optional implementation, a time domain position of the first side link synchronization signal is determined based on a first field, the first field is used to configure a side link synchronization feature for the sensing device, the first field and a second side link synchronization signal block time allocation field are different fields, and the second side link synchronization signal block time allocation field is used to configure a side link synchronization feature for a communication device. This embodiment of this application provides a new side link synchronization signal. To be more specific, the side link synchronization signal can carry frame synchronization information using a sequence.Therefore, in this application, the side link synchronization signal and a conventional (or existing) side link synchronization signal are configured respectively using different fields, to distinguish between the two different side link synchronization signals.

[015] In an optional implementation, the first field is used to configure one or more of a first parameter, a second Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 18 / 93 6 / 51 parameter or a third parameter. The first parameter represents an offset between a time domain position of a first side link synchronization signal of a detection type within a synchronization cycle and an initial time domain position of the synchronization cycle. The second parameter represents an interval between two adjacent side link synchronization signals of the detection type within the synchronization cycle. The third parameter represents the total number of side link synchronization signals of the detection type included in the synchronization cycle. A time domain position of a side link synchronization signal of the detection type can be determined using one or more of the previous parameters.

[016] In an optional implementation, the first field includes a first side link synchronization signal block allocation field, and the first side link synchronization signal block allocation field is used to configure the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter. The conventional side link synchronization signal also includes a side link synchronization signal block allocation field. It can be considered that, in this embodiment of this application, the first side link synchronization signal may directly include the side link synchronization signal block allocation field in the existing side link synchronization signal, but the side link synchronization signal block allocation field included in the first field does not include an original parameter, but includes one or more of the first parameter, the second parameter, or the third parameter.This is equivalent to using an existing field format, so the side link synchronization signal in this application mode may be better compatible with conventional technology.

[017] In an optional implementation, the first field is used Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 19 / 93 7 / 51 to configure a fourth parameter. The fourth parameter represents an offset of the 1st side link synchronization signal of the detection type within the synchronization cycle relative to a 1st side link synchronization signal of a communication type within the synchronization cycle. The time division between the side link synchronization signals of the two types can be implemented using the fourth parameter. For example, the side link synchronization features can be configured respectively for the side link synchronization signals of the two types, so that terminal devices of different types can receive, in corresponding positions, side link synchronization signals that can be identified.

[018] In an optional implementation, the method further includes: receiving a second side link synchronization signal on a second resource; determining, based on a format of the second side link synchronization signal, that the second side link synchronization signal is a side link synchronization signal of the communication type; and determining a first resource based on the fourth parameter and the second resource, where the first resource is used to send the first side link synchronization signal. In addition to sending a side link synchronization signal, a terminal device may additionally detect the side link synchronization signal.For example, after the first terminal device detects a side-link synchronization signal, if a type of side-link synchronization signal does not match a type of the first terminal device, the first terminal device can determine, with reference to the fourth parameter, a position in the time domain used by the first terminal device to send and / or detect the side-link synchronization signal, to reduce a conflict with a synchronization feature of another type of terminal device. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 20 / 93 8 / 51

[019] In an optional implementation, the second side link synchronization signal block time allocation field is used to configure a fifth parameter, a sixth parameter, and a seventh parameter. The fifth parameter represents an offset between a time domain position of the 1st side link synchronization signal of the communication type within the synchronization cycle and the start time domain position of the synchronization cycle. The sixth parameter represents an interval between two adjacent side link synchronization signals of the communication type within the synchronization cycle. The seventh parameter represents a total number of side link synchronization signals of the communication type included in the synchronization cycle. A second side link synchronization signal block is located in the conventional side link synchronization signal.

[020] In an optional implementation, sending the first side-link synchronization signal includes: sending the first side-link synchronization signal in all or part of the frequency domain units supported by the first terminal device. For example, if the first terminal device supports a plurality of frequency domain units, the first terminal device may send the first side-link synchronization signal in each of the plurality of frequency domain units, so that all terminal devices in the plurality of frequency domain units can implement synchronization.

[021] In an optional implementation, the first terminal device is a communication device, the first side link synchronization signal also includes a PSBCH, and the PSBCH carries the frame synchronization information. The side link synchronization signal can be understood as a signal obtained by the additional addition of a sequence used to carry Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 21 / 93 9 / 51 frame synchronization information is added to the conventional side-link synchronization signal, and other content included in the existing side-link synchronization signal can remain unchanged. This project allows this aspect of the application to be more compatible with conventional technology. Furthermore, this project can also implement synchronization between detection devices and between the detection device and the communication device.

[022] According to a second aspect, a second communication method is provided. The method may be implemented by a terminal device, may be implemented by another device including a function of the terminal device, or may be implemented by a chip system (or a chip) or other functional module. The chip system or functional module may implement the function of the terminal device, and the chip system or functional module is, for example, disposed within the terminal device. The terminal device is, for example, a second terminal device. The method includes: receiving a first side-link synchronization signal from a first terminal device, where the first side-link synchronization signal includes a first sequence, and the first sequence is used to carry frame synchronization information; and synchronizing with the first terminal device based on the frame synchronization information.

[023] In an optional implementation, the first sequence is still used to carry a CRC.

[024] In an optional implementation, frame synchronization information is included in a MIB, and the MIB includes only frame synchronization information.

[025] In an optional implementation, the first sequence is repeated N times in the first side link synchronization signal, and N is a positive integer.

[026] In an optional implementation, the first sequence is Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 22 / 93 10 / 51 an M sequence, a golden sequence, or a ZC sequence.

[027] In an optional implementation, the first sequence occupies a plurality of consecutive frequency domain units, or occupies a plurality of frequency domain units in a combined manner; and / or the first sequence occupies one or more time domain units.

[028] In an optional implementation, the second terminal device is a detection device.

[029] In an optional implementation, a time domain position of the first side link synchronization signal is determined based on a first field, the first field is used to configure a side link synchronization feature for the sensing device, the first field and a second side link synchronization signal block time allocation field are different fields, and the second side link synchronization signal block time allocation field is used to configure a side link synchronization feature for a communication device.

[030] In an optional implementation, the first field is used to configure one or more of a first parameter, a second parameter, or a third parameter. The first parameter represents an offset between a time domain position of a 1st side link synchronization signal of a detection type within a synchronization cycle and an initial time domain position of the synchronization cycle. The second parameter represents an interval between two adjacent side link synchronization signals of the detection type within the synchronization cycle. The third parameter represents a total number of side link synchronization signals of the detection type included in the synchronization cycle.

[031] In an optional implementation, the first field includes Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 23 / 93 11 / 51 a first side link synchronization signal block time allocation field, and the first side link synchronization signal block time allocation field is used to configure the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter.

[032] In an optional implementation, the first field is used to configure a fourth parameter. The fourth parameter represents an offset of the 1st side link synchronization signal of the detection type within the synchronization cycle relative to a 1st side link synchronization signal of a communication type within the synchronization cycle.

[033] In an optional implementation, the second side link synchronization signal block time allocation field is used to configure a fifth parameter, a sixth parameter, and a seventh parameter. The fifth parameter represents an offset between a time domain position of the 1st side link synchronization signal of the communication type within the synchronization cycle and the start time domain position of the synchronization cycle. The sixth parameter represents an interval between two adjacent side link synchronization signals of the communication type within the synchronization cycle. The seventh parameter represents a total number of side link synchronization signals of the communication type included in the synchronization cycle.

[034] In an optional implementation, the first side link synchronization signal also includes a PSBCH, and the PSBCH carries the frame synchronization information.

[035] For technical purposes brought about by the second aspect or optional implementations, see the descriptions of the technical effects of the first aspect or corresponding implementations.

[036] According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus may be the first terminal device in the first aspect. The apparatus of Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, p. 24 / 93 12 / 51 communication has the function of the first terminal device. The communication apparatus is, for example, the first terminal device, a larger device including the first terminal device, or a functional module, for example, a baseband apparatus or a chip system, in the first terminal device. In an optional implementation, the communication apparatus includes a baseband apparatus and a radio frequency apparatus. In another optional implementation, the communication apparatus includes a processing unit (sometimes also called a processing module) and a transceiver unit (sometimes also called a transceiver module). The transceiver unit may implement a transmit function and a receive function. When the transceiver unit implements the transmit function, the transceiver unit may be called a transmit unit (sometimes also called a transmit module).When the transceiver unit implements the receiving function, the transceiver unit can be called a receiving unit (sometimes also called a receiving module). The sending unit and the receiving unit can be the same functional module; the functional module is called the transceiver unit, and the functional module can implement both the sending and receiving functions. Alternatively, the sending unit and the receiving unit can be different functional modules, and the transceiver unit is a general term for these functional modules.

[037] In an optional implementation, the transceiver unit (or the sending unit) is configured to send a first side link synchronization signal, where the first side link synchronization signal includes a first sequence, the first sequence is used to carry frame synchronization information, and the frame synchronization information is used by another terminal device to synchronize with the first terminal device. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 25 / 93 13 / 51

[038] In an optional implementation, the communication device also includes a storage unit (sometimes also called a storage module). The processing unit is configured to be coupled to the storage unit and execute a program or instructions on the storage unit, to enable the communication device to perform the function of the first terminal device in the first aspect.

[039] According to a fourth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus may be the second terminal device in the second aspect. The communication apparatus has the function of the second terminal device. The communication apparatus is, for example, the second terminal device, a larger device including the second terminal device, or a functional module, for example, a baseband device or a chip system, in the second terminal device. In an optional implementation, the communication apparatus includes a baseband device and a radio frequency device. In another optional implementation, the communication apparatus includes a processing unit (sometimes also called a processing module) and a transceiver unit (sometimes also called a transceiver module). For an implementation of the transceiver unit, see the descriptions in the third aspect.

[040] In an optional implementation, the transceiver unit (or the receiving unit) is configured to receive a first side link synchronization signal from a first terminal device, where the first side link synchronization signal includes a first sequence, and the first sequence is used to carry frame synchronization information. The processing unit is configured to synchronize with the first terminal device based on the frame synchronization information.

[041] In an optional implementation, the device of Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 26 / 93 14 / 51 communication also includes a storage unit (sometimes also called a storage module). The processing unit is configured to be coupled to the storage unit and execute a program or instructions on the storage unit, to enable the communication device to perform the function of the second terminal device in the second aspect.

[042] According to a fifth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus may be a first terminal device, or it may be a chip or chip system used in the first terminal device. The communication apparatus includes a communication interface and a processor and, optionally, also includes a memory. The memory is configured to store a computer program. The processor is coupled to the memory and the communication interface. When the processor reads the computer program or instructions, the communication apparatus is enabled to perform the method performed by the first terminal device in the previous aspects.

[043] According to a sixth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus may be a second terminal device, or it may be a chip or chip system used in the second terminal device. The communication apparatus includes a communication interface and a processor and, optionally, also includes a memory. The memory is configured to store a computer program. The processor is coupled to the memory and the communication interface. When the processor reads the computer program or instructions, the communication apparatus is enabled to perform the method performed by the second terminal device in the previous aspects.

[044] According to a seventh aspect, a communication system is provided and includes a first device Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 27 / 93 15 / 51 terminal and a second terminal device. The first terminal device is configured to perform the method performed by the first terminal device in the first aspect, and the second terminal device is configured to perform the method performed by the second terminal device in the second aspect. For example, the first terminal device may be implemented by the communication device in the third aspect or the fifth aspect, and the second terminal device may be implemented by the communication device in the fourth aspect or the sixth aspect.

[045] According to an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium is configured to store a computer program or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are run, the method performed by the first terminal device or the second terminal device in the previous aspects is implemented.

[046] According to a ninth aspect, a computer program product is provided including instructions. When the instructions are run on a computer, the methods of the previous aspects are implemented.

[047] According to a tenth aspect, a system-of-chip is provided and includes a processor and an interface. The processor is configured to invoke instructions from the interface and run them, to enable the system-of-chip to implement the methods in the previous aspects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[048] FIG. 1 is a diagram of a frame structure of an SSSB;

[049] FIG. 2 is a diagram of a communication network architecture to which one embodiment of this request is applied;

[050] FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a communication method according to a modality of this request; Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 28 / 93 16 / 51

[051] FIG. 4 is a diagram in which a UE sends SL synchronization signals in all supported frequency domain units according to one embodiment of this request;

[052] FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are two parameter diagrams according to the modalities of this application;

[053] FIG. 6 is a diagram of a frame structure of an SL synchronization signal according to one embodiment of this request;

[054] FIG. 7 is a diagram of a device according to an embodiment of this application; and

[055] FIG. 8 is a diagram of another device according to an embodiment of this application. DESCRIPTION OF THE MODALITIES

[056] To make clearer the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of this application, the following further describes embodiments of this application in detail with reference to attached drawings.

[057] In the modalities of this application, unless otherwise specified, a quantity of nouns represents a singular noun or a plural noun, that is, one or more. At least one means one or more, and a plurality of means two or more. And / Or describes an association relationship between associated objects and indicates that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character / generally indicates an OR relationship between the associated objects. For example, A / B indicates A or B. At least one of the following items (pieces) or a similar expression means any combination of these items, including any combination of singular items (pieces) or plural items (pieces). For example, at least one of a, b, or c indicates a, b, c, aeb, aec, bec, or a, bec, where a, bec can be singular or plural. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, p. 29 / 93 17 / 51

[058] Ordinal numbers such as first and second in embodiments of this application are intended to distinguish between a plurality of objects and are not intended to limit sizes, content, sequence, timing, priorities, degrees of importance, or the like of the plurality of objects. For example, a first SL synchronization signal and a second SL synchronization signal may be the same SL synchronization signal or may be different SL synchronization signals. Furthermore, this name does not indicate that the two SL synchronization signals have different occupied resources, sending sequences, transmitting / receiving ends, content, sizes, application scenarios, priorities, degrees of importance, or the like. Additionally, the step numbers in embodiments described in this application are intended only to distinguish between different steps, but are not intended to limit a sequence of steps.

[059] The following describes some terms or concepts in modalities of this request, to facilitate understanding by a person versed in the technique.

[060] In embodiments of this application, a terminal device is a device possessing a wireless transceiver function and may be a fixed device, a mobile device, a portable device (e.g., a mobile phone), a wearable device, a vehicle-mounted device, or a wireless appliance (e.g., a communication module, a modem, or a chip system) built into the foregoing device. The terminal device is configured to connect a person, an object, a machine, and the like, and may be widely used in various scenarios, including, but not limited to, the following scenarios: a sensing scenario, cellular communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-to-machine / machine-like communication. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 30 / 93 18 / 51 (machine-to-machine / machine-type communication, M2M / MTC), Internet of Things (IoT), Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Industrial Control, Self-Driving, Remote Medical, Smart Grid, Smart Furniture, Smart Office, Smart Wearable, Smart Transportation, Smart City, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Robot, and similar technologies. The terminal device may sometimes be called a UE, a terminal, an access station, a UE station, a remote station, a wireless communication device, a user appliance, or similar.

[061] In embodiments of this application, a communication apparatus configured to implement a function of the terminal device may be the terminal device, or it may be an apparatus, for example, a chip system, that can support the terminal device in implementing the function. The apparatus may be installed in the terminal device. In the technical solutions provided in embodiments of this application, the technical solutions provided in embodiments of this application are described using an example in which the apparatus configured to implement the function of the terminal device is the terminal device. In addition, for ease of description, an example in which the terminal device is a UE is used for description in embodiments of this application.

[062] A network device in embodiments of this application includes, for example, an access network device and / or a core network device. The access network device is a device possessing wireless transceiver function and is configured to communicate with the terminal device. The access network device includes, but is not limited to, a base station (a base transceiver station (BTS)), a NodeB, an evolved NodeB Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, p. 31 / 93 19 / 51 (evolved NodeB, eNodeB) / eNB, or a next-generation NodeB (gNodeB), a transmission reception point (TRP), a base station subsequently evolved in a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP), an access node in a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) system, a wireless relay node, a wireless backhaul node, or similar. The base station may be a macro base station, a micro base station, a picocell base station, a small cell, a relay station, or similar. A plurality of base stations may support networks using the same access technology or may support networks using different access technologies. The base station may include one or more colloquial or non-colloquial transmit and receive points.Alternatively, the access network device can be a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario, a central unit (CU), and / or a distributed unit (DU). Alternatively, the access network device can be a server or similar. For example, a network device in a V2X technology can be a roadside unit (RSU). The following uses an example where the access network device is a base station for description. The base station can communicate with the terminal device, or it can communicate with the terminal device through a relay station. The terminal device can communicate with a plurality of base stations using different access technologies.The core network device is configured to implement functions such as mobility management, data processing, session management, and policy and billing. The names of devices that implement core network functions in systems with different access technologies may vary. This is not limited to specific modalities of this. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 32 / 93 20 / 51 request. A 5th generation (5G) mobile communication technology system is used as an example. The core network device includes an access and mobility management function (AMF), a session management function (SMF), a policy control function (PCF), a user plane function (UPF), or similar.

[063] In embodiments of this application, a communication device configured to implement a network device function may be a network device, or it may be a device, for example, a chip system, that can support the network device in implementing the function. The device may be installed on the network device. In the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are described using an example in which the device configured to implement the network device function is a network device.

[064] In some embodiments of this application, a device that can implement a detection function may be called a detection device. The detection device may include a network device (which may be called a detection network device), a UE (which may be called a detection UE), and / or similar devices. For example, a detection device is a radar. The detection device may detect a target by means of self-transmission and self-receiving. For example, the detection device may send a detection reference signal and may receive a reflected echo signal after the detection reference signal reaches the target. The detection device may detect information such as distance and speed of the target by comparing the detection reference signal with the echo signal. The performance of wireless detection depends on two dimensions: time and bandwidth. A longer time indicates a higher resolution. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, p. 33 / 93 21 / 51 higher speed can be achieved. A greater bandwidth indicates that a greater distance resolution can be obtained.

[065] The detection device may not have a communication module and the detection device may not have a communication function. For example, the detection device does not have functional modules, such as a channel encoding / decoding module and a modulation / demodulation module. Alternatively, the detection device may have a simple communication module, but the detection device only has a weak communication function and cannot implement a complex communication function, for example, it cannot generate and / or analyze a PSBCH.

[066] Currently, synchronization between UEs is implemented using an S-SSB. For example, a UE can send an S-SSB to enable another UE to synchronize with the UE. The S-SSB includes an SPSS, an S-SSS, a PSBCH, and a guard interval. For this, see FIG. 1. The S-PSS is an m-sequence with a length of 127, the S-SSS is a golden sequence with a length of 127, and the S-PSS and S-SSS each occupy 127 consecutive resource elements (REs) in the frequency domain. The PSBCH occupies 11 consecutive resource blocks (RBs) in the frequency domain, and the PSBCH can carry a master information block (MIB) and a corresponding reference signal, for example, a demodulation reference signal (DMRS).The MIB may include 12 bits indicating the distribution of uplink and downlink slots, 1 bit indicating whether the UE sending the S-SSB is located within the coverage of a base station, 10 bits indicating a direct frame number (DFN), 7 bits indicating a slot index, and 2 reserved bits.

[067] The PSBCH (or MIB) is obtained using processes such Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 34 / 93 22 / 51 Channel coding, interleaving, and symbol mapping. For this, see also FIG. 1. Before channel coding is performed on the MIB, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) can be added first, and then channel coding is performed on a MIB to which the CRC is added. In FIG. 1, a polar code is used as an example. After channel coding, a channel coding result can be modulated. In FIG. 1, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is used as an example.

[068] During initial access, an S-SSB receiving device can achieve symbol synchronization by blindly searching for an S-PSS correlation peak in the time domain, implement frequency synchronization by jointly detecting a plurality of adjacent S-PSSs, and then search for the S-SSS in the frequency domain to obtain a cell identifier. Additionally, the receiving device analyzes the information carried by the PSBCH. For example, the receiving device can perform channel equalization (EQ) using DMRS and then obtain information included in the MIB using processes such as demapping, deinterlacing, and channel decoding.The receiving device can position a resource grouping based on the 12 bits that indicate the distribution of uplink and downlink slots, and can implement frame synchronization with an S-SSB transmitting end based on the DFN and slot index indicated by the MIB.

[069] However, in many detection scenarios (such as a residential detection scenario or an industrial application scenario), to limit costs, usually only a simple radar detection module is configured for a detection UE, and functional modules, such as a channel encoding / decoding module and a module of Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 35 / 93 23 / 51 modulation / demodulation is not configured for UE detection. In this case, UE detection may fail to generate a PSBCH uses a process such as channel encoding and fails to perform an operation such as channel decoding on a PSBCH in a received S-SSB. Consequently, synchronization cannot be implemented.

[070] In view of this, in embodiments of this application, a first sequence can be used to carry frame synchronization information. For a detection device, since frame synchronization information can be carried using a sequence, the sending of an SL synchronization signal is implemented. However, for a receiving end of the SL synchronization signal, even if the receiving end is a detection device configured only with a simple radar detection module and cannot identify a PSBCH, the detection device can still identify the first sequence. Therefore, synchronization can be performed based on the frame synchronization information carried using the first sequence. It can be understood that, since frame synchronization information is carried using the sequence, the detection device can still implement synchronization without identifying the PSBCH.

[071] The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application may be applied to a fourth-generation (4th generation, 4G) mobile communication technology system, for example, a long-term evolution (LTE) system, may be applied to a 5G system, for example, a new radio (NR) system, or may be applied to a next-generation mobile communication system or other similar communication system, for example, a sixth-generation (6th generation, 6G) mobile communication technology system. This is not specifically limited. Furthermore, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application may be Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 36 / 93 24 / 51 applied to a D2D scenario, for example, an NR-D2D scenario, or they can be applied to a V2X scenario, for example, an NR-V2X scenario. For example, the technical solutions provided in embodiments of this application can be applied to fields such as whole-home intelligence, smart driving, assisted driving, or connected smart vehicles.

[072] FIG. 2 shows a communication network architecture to which one embodiment of this request is applied. FIG. 2 includes a UE 1 and a UE 2. A communication scenario in this embodiment of this request may include more or fewer UEs. In FIG. 2, only two UEs are used as an example. UE 1 and / or UE 2 may be sensing devices / a sensing device or communication devices / a communication device, and the types of the two UEs may be the same or different. UE 1 and / or UE 2 may be located outside the coverage of an access network device and a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or they may be located within the coverage of the access network device and the GNSS. UE 1 and UE 2 may communicate with each other via an SL. For example, an SL synchronization signal may be transmitted between the two UEs.

[073] To better describe the embodiments of this application, methods provided in the embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified below, the UE (e.g., a first UE or a second UE) described in embodiments of this application may be a sensing device or may be a communication device. In some embodiments of this application, the synchronization signal SL is, for example, an S-SSB, or may be another signal used for synchronization. In embodiments of this application, a time-domain unit is, for example, a radio frame (RF), a subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, p. 37 / 93 25 / 51 Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). A frequency domain unit is, for example, a subchannel, a channel, a bandwidth part (BWP), a resource pool (RP), or a set of resource blocks (RB). The bandwidth of a channel is, say, 540 MHz.

[074] One embodiment of this request provides a method of communication. FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the method. The method provided in this embodiment of this request can be applied to the network architecture shown in FIG. 2. For example, a first UE in this embodiment of this request could be UE 1 in FIG. 2, and a second The EU in this type of application may be EU 2 in FIG. 2.

[075] S301: The first UE sends a first SL synchronization signal. Correspondingly, the second UE receives the first SL synchronization signal from the first UE. Optionally, the first UE may send the first SL synchronization signal in broadcast, multicast, unicast, or other ways. If the first UE sends the first SL synchronization signal in broadcast or multicast, the second UE may be one of the receiving ends of the first SL synchronization signal.

[076] The first UE is, for example, a detection device or it may be a communication device. The second UE may be a detection device or a communication device. A type of the first UE may be the same as a type of the second UE. For example, both the first UE and the second UE are detection devices. Alternatively, a type of the first UE may be different from a type of the second UE. For example, the first UE is a detection device and the second UE is a communication device.

[077] The first UE can send the first SL synchronization signal in all or part of the domain units of Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, p. 38 / 93 26 / 51 frequencies supported by the first UE. The frequency domain units supported by the first UE include, for example, a frequency domain unit in which the first UE operates, or include a frequency domain unit configured for the first UE. For example, the first UE is a sensing device and the first UE occupies a plurality of subchannels for sensing. In this case, the first UE can send the first SL synchronization signal in part or all of the plurality of subchannels. If the first UE sends the first SL synchronization signal in part of the plurality of subchannels, the power consumption of the first UE will be reduced. Alternatively, if the first UE sends the first SL synchronization signal in all of the plurality of subchannels, the first UE can be synchronized with UEs in all of the plurality of subchannels, and this is more conducive to implementing global synchronization and reducing interference between UEs.For example, see FIG. 4. The first UE occupies three subchannels. In this case, the first UE can send an SL synchronization signal on all three subchannels. Optionally, within a synchronization cycle, there may be a plurality of synchronization resources to send the SL synchronization signal. In this case, the first UE can send a plurality of SL synchronization signals in one frequency domain unit. In FIG. 4, an example is used in which the first UE sends four SL synchronization signals in one frequency domain unit.

[078] The first SL synchronization signal may include a first sequence, and the first sequence may carry frame synchronization information. Frame synchronization information includes, for example, information such as a DFN and a slot index. It can be understood as if the frame synchronization information were originally information carried in a PSBCH. For example, a MIB carried in the PSBCH includes frame synchronization information. However, the device Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 39 / 93 27 / 51 of detection cannot generate the PSBCH using a process such as channel encoding (e.g., including processes such as channel encoding, interleaving, and symbol mapping) and cannot perform processing such as channel decoding in the PSBCH. Therefore, in this embodiment of this request, the first sequence can be used to carry the frame synchronization information. Regardless of whether the first UE is a detection device or a communication device, the first UE can generate the first sequence and therefore can send the SL synchronization signal. Regardless of whether the second UE is a detection device or a communication device, the second UE can identify the first sequence and therefore can obtain the frame synchronization information carried using the first sequence. It can be learned that, according to the method provided in this embodiment of this request, synchronization can be implemented between detection devices.

[079] Optionally, an SL synchronization signal sent by the communication device may not carry frame synchronization information using a sequence, but may continue to carry frame synchronization information using PSBCH. Alternatively, an SL synchronization signal sent by the communication device may carry frame synchronization information using a sequence. In this case, since the sensing device can identify frame synchronization information from the SL synchronization signal of the communication device, and the communication device can also identify frame synchronization information from an SL synchronization signal of the sensing device, synchronization can also be implemented between the sensing device and the communication device.

[080] Optionally, in this mode of this request, frame synchronization information may be included in the MIB. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, p. 40 / 93 28 / 51 For example, the first sequence might carry the MIB, and the MIB includes frame synchronization information. To increase the correct transmission rate of the MIB, a CRC can be added to the MIB. For example, the first sequence carries both the MIB and the CRC. The length of the CRC is not limited.

[081] The first sequence may occupy a plurality of consecutive frequency domain units in the frequency domain, occupy a plurality of frequency domain units in a combed manner, or occupy a plurality of frequency domain units in an irregular manner (or occupy a plurality of irregular frequency domain units). The plurality of irregular frequency domain units may be understood as the plurality of frequency domain units distributed irregularly. For example, any two adjacent frequency domain units in the plurality of frequency domain units may be consecutive or non-consecutive in the frequency domain. The total number of frequency domain units occupied by the first sequence is not limited in this embodiment of this application.For any given frequency domain unit occupied by the first sequence, the first sequence may occupy the entire frequency domain unit or it may occupy a portion of the frequency domain unit.

[082] Furthermore, the first sequence may occupy one or more time domain units. If the first sequence occupies a plurality of time domain units, any two adjacent time domain units in the plurality of time domain units may be consecutive or non-consecutive in the time domain. If two adjacent time domain units in the plurality of time domain units are non-consecutive in the time domain, optionally, a time domain unit between the two time domain units may be used as a guard interval. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 41 / 93 29 / 51

[083] Optionally, the first sequence can be repeated N times in the first SL synchronization signal. Alternatively, it can be understood as if the first SL synchronization signal included N first sequences, the N first sequences were the same, and N was a positive integer. The first sequence is sent repeatedly so that the signal-to-noise ratio received from the first SL synchronization signal can be increased.

[084] For example, the first sequence is an M sequence, a golden sequence, or a ZC (Zadoff Chu) sequence, or it may be another sequence. The first sequence may correspond to a first cyclic shift. For example, the first UE may group, at a k-bit granularity, bit streams including the CRC and MIB including frame synchronization information, to obtain, for example, M groups. The first UE converts a bit stream included in each of the obtained M groups into decimal data. Then, the first UE uniformly maps the obtained decimal data to the first sequence that has the first cyclic shift. Each of the M groups includes k bits, or a quantity of bits included in a last group of the M groups may be less than k, where k is a positive integer, for example, k=2, 3, 4, 5... M is a positive integer.

[085] Optionally, a MIB carried by a PSBCH included in an S-SSB sent by an existing communication UE includes information irrelevant to a discovery service. Information irrelevant to the discovery service may include one or more of the following: information indicating the distribution of uplink and downlink slots, information indicating whether the first UE is located within the coverage of an access network device, or a reserved bit. Information indicating the distribution of uplink and downlink slots is, for example, the preceding 12 bits indicating the distribution of link slots. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, p. 42 / 93 30 / 51 uplink and downlink. For example, if the first UE is located outside the coverage of the access network device, or is understood as such in a scenario where there is no coverage from the access network device, the first UE does not interact with the access network device. Therefore, the first UE does not have a transmission process related to the uplink, and the MIB may not need to indicate the uplink and downlink slot distribution. In this case, the information indicating the uplink and downlink slot distribution is considered irrelevant for the discovery service.

[086] The information indicating whether the first UE is located within the coverage of the access network device is, for example, the preceding bit 1 which indicates whether the UE sending the S-SSB is within the coverage of the base station. If the first UE is located outside the coverage of the access network device, or is understood as such in a scenario where there is no coverage from the access network device, the MIB may not need to indicate whether the first UE is located within the coverage of the access network device. Therefore, in this case, the information indicating whether the first UE is located within the coverage of the access network device is considered irrelevant to the sensing service.

[087] The reserved bit is a bit that has not been used in the MIB and can also be considered irrelevant information for the detection service.

[088] In this type of request, the first sequence may contain the MIB, and the MIB may continue to include information irrelevant to the detection service. Therefore, a change in the MIB format may be reduced, so that this type of request can be better compatible with conventional technology. For example, the MIB includes frame synchronization information and information irrelevant to the Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, p. 43 / 93 31 / 51 detection service. Alternatively, the MIB carried by the first sequence may not include information irrelevant to the detection service. For example, the MIB includes only frame synchronization information, so that the overhead of the first sequence can be reduced. For example, information irrelevant to the detection service can be defined as an optional item, and the first UE determines whether to include the information in the MIB carried by the first sequence; if the MIB carried by the first sequence includes the information, it can be configured by a network device (e.g., the access network device) for the UE; or if the MIB carried by the first sequence includes the information, it can be pre-configured in the UE.

[089] Optionally, as the first SL synchronization signal in this embodiment of this application includes the first sequence used to carry the frame synchronization information, the first SL synchronization signal may not need to include the PSBCH. Therefore, the overhead of the first SL synchronization signal may be reduced.

[090] It can be learned from the preceding content that this embodiment of this application proposes a new SL synchronization signal. To be specific, the SL synchronization signal can carry frame synchronization information using a sequence. A conventional SL synchronization signal does not include a sequence used to carry frame synchronization information, but it does include a PSBCH, and the PSBCH carries the frame synchronization information. It is equivalent to the fact that SL synchronization signals are of two types (or formats) after this embodiment of this application proposes the new SL synchronization signal. One type of SL synchronization signal is the SL synchronization signal (e.g., the first SL synchronization signal) provided in this embodiment of this application, and the other type of SL synchronization signal is the conventional SL synchronization signal. For example, one type of Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 44 / 93 32 / 51 The SL synchronization signal provided in this embodiment of this application is referred to as the first type (for example, a type of the first SL synchronization signal is the first type), and a type of conventional SL synchronization signal is referred to as the second type. For example, a first-type SL synchronization signal is mainly sent by a detection UE, and a second-type SL synchronization signal is mainly sent by a communication UE. Therefore, the first type can be a detection type, and the second type can be a communication type. Optionally, in this embodiment of this application, time division can be implemented between the first-type SL synchronization signal and the second-type SL synchronization signal.For example, SL synchronization resources can be configured respectively for SL synchronization signals of the two types, so that UEs of different types (e.g., the detection UE or the communication UE) can receive, in corresponding positions, SL synchronization signals that can be identified.

[091] For example, a position in the time domain of the first type SL synchronization signal can be determined based on a first field, and the first field can be used to configure the SL synchronization feature for the first type SL synchronization signal. For example, if the first type SL synchronization signal is sent by the sensing UE, the first field can also be considered used to configure an SL synchronization feature for the sensing UE. For example, the first field is a sensing SSB time allocation field (sensing-SSB-TimeAllocation), or the first field may have another name.

[092] Optionally, the first field can be included in a message from the access network device. For example, if the first UE is located within the coverage of the access network device, the access network device Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 45 / 93 33 / 51 can configure an SL synchronization feature for the first UE. The access network device can configure the SL synchronization feature for the first UE by sending a message. For example, if the first UE is a discovery device, the message can include the first field.

[093] Alternatively, the first field can be preconfigured in the UE. For example, if the first UE is located outside the coverage of the access network device, an SL synchronization feature that can be used by the first UE to detect the SL synchronization signal and / or send the SL synchronization signal can be preconfigured in the first UE. For example, if the first UE is a sensing device, the information used to preconfigure the SL synchronization feature may include the first field.

[094] The first field is used to configure the SL synchronization feature. For example, in a configured manner, the first field includes one or more of a first parameter, a second parameter, or a third parameter, and the SL synchronization feature can be configured using one or more parameters. The first parameter represents an offset between a time domain position of a 1st SL synchronization signal of the first type within a synchronization cycle and an initial time domain position of the synchronization cycle. The second parameter represents a time interval between two adjacent SL synchronization signals of the first type within the synchronization cycle. The third parameter represents a total number of SL synchronization signals of the first type included in the synchronization cycle.Optionally, the first parameter is, for example, an SL SSB time offset (sl-TimeOffsetSSB); the second parameter is, for example, an SL time interval (slTimelinterval); and the third parameter is, for example, a total SL amount within a cycle (sl-Num-WithPeriod). A. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 46 / 93 34 / 51 The synchronization cycle duration is, for example, 160 ms. For example, FIG. 5A shows an example of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter. In FIG. 5A, an example where the SL synchronization signal is an S-SSB is used. In FIG. 5A, the first parameter represents a position shift in the time domain, the second parameter represents a time interval, and the third parameter represents a total number of S-SSBs.

[095] In an optional implementation of the first field, the first field may include a side-link synchronization signal block time allocation field (sl-SSBTimeAllocation), and one or more of the first parameter, the second parameter, or the third parameter included in the first field may be included in the sl-SSB-TimeAllocation field. For example, the sl-SSB-TimeAllocation field included in the first field is called the first sl-SSB-TimeAllocation field.

[096] An existing SL synchronization signal (e.g., the SL synchronization signal of the second type) also includes an sl-SSB-TimeAllocation field. To distinguish it from a concept in this embodiment of this application, the sl-SSB-TimeAllocation field is, for example, referred to as a second sl-SSB-TimeAllocation field. The second sl-SSB-TimeAllocation field can be used to configure a fifth parameter, a sixth parameter, and a seventh parameter. The fifth parameter represents an offset between a time domain position of a 1st SL synchronization signal of the second type within the synchronization cycle and the initial time domain position of the synchronization cycle. The sixth parameter represents an interval between two adjacent SL synchronization signals of the second type within the synchronization cycle. The seventh parameter represents a total number of SL synchronization signals of the second type included in the synchronization cycle.It can be considered that, in this type of request, the SL synchronization signal of the first type may be used. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 47 / 93 35 / 51 directly include the sl-SSB-TimeAllocation field in the existing SL synchronization signal. However, the sl-SSBTimeAllocation field included in the first field does not include the fifth, sixth, or seventh parameter, but includes one or more of the first, second, or third parameters. This is equivalent to using an existing field format, so the SL synchronization signal in this embodiment of this application can be better compatible with conventional technology. A value of the first parameter can be different from a value of the fifth parameter. A value of the second parameter can be equal to or different from a value of the sixth parameter. A value of the third parameter can be equal to or different from a value of the seventh parameter.

[097] Alternatively, in another optional implementation of the first field, the first field may not include an slSSB-TimeAllocation field in an existing format, and one or more of the first parameter, the second parameter, or the third parameter may be included directly in the first field.

[098] Regardless of which optional implementation is used for the first field, the first field may optionally include a fourth parameter. The fourth parameter may represent an offset of a first-type SL synchronization signal within a synchronization cycle relative to a first-type SL synchronization signal within the synchronization cycle. The offset is, for example, one or more time-domain units, and the offset may be a positive or negative number. For example, if the first-type SL synchronization signal within the synchronization cycle is located before the first-type SL synchronization signal within the synchronization cycle, the offset is a negative number. Alternatively, if the first-type SL synchronization signal within the synchronization cycle is located after the first-type SL synchronization signal within the Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 48 / 93 In a 36 / 51 synchronization cycle, the offset is a positive number.

[099] As described above, in this embodiment of this application, time division can be implemented between the SL synchronization signal of the first type and the SL synchronization signal of the second type, and time division can be implemented between the SL synchronization signals of the two types using the fourth parameter. For example, FIG. 5B shows an example of the fourth parameter. A 1st S-SSB in FIG. 5B is, for example, a 1st S-SSB of the second type within a synchronization cycle, and the remaining S-SSBs (for example, including three S-SSBs different from the first S-SSB shown in the figure, and optionally including further S-SSBs represented by ellipses in the figure) are S-SSBs of the first type. Furthermore, a 1st S-SSB in the remaining S-SSBs is the 1st S-SSB of the first type within the synchronization cycle. For another parameter in FIG. 5B, see the descriptions in FIG. 5A.

[100] The fourth parameter is introduced so that interference between SL synchronization signals can be reduced. For example, in addition to sending an SL synchronization signal, a UE can also detect the SL synchronization signal. For example, after the first UE detects an SL synchronization signal, if a type of SL synchronization signal does not match a type of the first UE, the first UE can determine, with reference to the fourth parameter, a position in the time domain used by the first UE to send and / or detect the SL synchronization signal, to reduce a conflict with a synchronization resource of another UE type.

[101] Optionally, before S301, the first UE receives a second SL synchronization signal on a second resource via blind detection. The first UE can determine a type of the second SL synchronization signal. For example, if the second SL synchronization signal includes PSBCH, the first UE can determine whether the type of the second SL synchronization signal is either the second type or a third type (where the third type is described). Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 49 / 93 37 / 51 below), or determine that the type of the second SL synchronization signal is not the first type. Alternatively, if the second SL synchronization signal does not include PSBCH, but includes frame synchronization information transmitted using a sequence, the first UE can determine that the type of the second SL synchronization signal is the first type. For example, the type of the first UE is the first type. In this case, if the type of the second SL synchronization signal is the first type, this indicates that the type of the second SL synchronization signal matches the type of the first UE. If the type of the second SL synchronization signal is not the first type, this indicates that the type of the second SL synchronization signal does not match the type of the first UE. If the type of the second SL synchronization signal does not match the type of the first UE, this indicates that the second resource is occupied by a UE of another type.In this case, a synchronization resource determined based on the second resource is also occupied by the UE of the other type (for example, the UE of the other type may determine the synchronization resource based on the second resource and one or more of the fifth, sixth, or seventh parameters), and the first UE cannot send and / or detect the SL synchronization signal on the second resource (and the synchronization resource determined based on the second resource). In this case, the first UE can determine a first resource with reference to the second resource and the fourth parameter. Therefore, in the S301, the first UE can send the first SL synchronization signal on the first resource.

[102] For example, if the first UE determines that the type of the second SL synchronization signal does not match the type of the first UE, the first UE can determine, based on a time domain position of the second resource and the fourth parameter, a time domain position of the synchronization resource used by the first UE to send and / or detect the SL synchronization signal. An example is used where the type of Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 50 / 93 38 / 51 second SL synchronization signal is the second type. The first The EU can determine an index for the second synchronization signal. SL, to determine a time domain position of a 1st SL synchronization signal of the second type within the synchronization cycle. Then, with reference to the fourth parameter, the first UE can determine a time domain position of a 1st SL synchronization signal of the first type within the synchronization cycle. If the time domain position of the 1st SL synchronization signal of the first type within the synchronization cycle has not arrived, the first UE can determine that the position in the time domain is a position in the time domain included in the first resource, and the first UE can send the first SL synchronization signal in the first resource.Alternatively, if the time domain position of the first type of SL synchronization signal within the synchronization cycle has passed, the first UE can still determine, with reference to the second parameter, a time domain position of a more recent type of SL synchronization signal that has not yet arrived. The time domain position is a time domain position included in the first resource, and the first UE can send the first SL synchronization signal in the first resource.

[103] The position in the time domain of the most recent first-type SL synchronization signal that has not arrived may remain within the synchronization cycle or may be within a subsequent synchronization cycle. For example, the first UE may determine, with reference to the third parameter, a total number of first-type SL synchronization signals included in a synchronization cycle and then determine, with reference to the second and fourth parameters, a total number of first-type SL synchronization signals that have passed within the synchronization cycle, so that the first UE can determine whether there is still a first-type SL synchronization signal. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 51 / 93 39 / 51 type within the synchronization cycle. If the first type SL synchronization signal is still present within the synchronization cycle, the position in the time domain of the most recent first type SL synchronization signal that has not yet arrived remains within the synchronization cycle. Alternatively, if there is no first type SL synchronization signal within the synchronization cycle, the position in the time domain of the most recent first type SL synchronization signal that has not yet arrived is within the next synchronization cycle, for example, a 1st first type SL synchronization signal within the next synchronization cycle.

[104] FIG. 5B is still used as an example. For example, the 1st S-SSB in FIG. 5B is a second SL synchronization signal, and the second feature is a feature that carries the S-SSB. The first UE can determine, based on the time domain position of the second feature and the offset shown in FIG. 5B, the time domain position of the synchronization feature used by the first UE to send and / or detect the SL synchronization signal, i.e., a time domain position of a 2nd S-SSB in FIG. 5B, so that the first UE can send the first SL synchronization signal at that time domain position.

[105] In the previous descriptions, the first type of SL synchronization signal may include the sequence used to carry the frame synchronization information and does not include the PSBCH. In addition, this embodiment of this request provides a third type of SL synchronization signal. In addition to carrying frame synchronization information using a sequence, the third type of SL synchronization signal may continue to include a PSBCH, and the PSBCH also includes the frame synchronization information. For example, the PSBCH includes a MIB, and the MIB includes the frame synchronization information. Optionally, the PSBCH may also include a CRC. A CRC length included in the PSBCH may be equal to or different from a CRC length. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, p. 52 / 93 40 / 51 carried in the first sequence. This is equivalent to the fact that both the first type SL synchronization signal and the second type SL synchronization signal include frame synchronization information, and the third type SL synchronization signal includes two identical frame synchronization information. Optionally, the third type SL synchronization signal can be sent by the communication UE. Therefore, the third type can alternatively be a communication type. It can be understood that the communication type can still include the second type or the third type. For example, if the first UE is a communication UE, the first UE can send the third type SL synchronization signal. For example, the first SL synchronization signal is the third type SL synchronization signal.The first SL synchronization signal can carry frame synchronization information using the first sequence, so a detection device that receives the first SL synchronization signal can implement synchronization with the first one. UE based on frame synchronization information. Furthermore, the first SL synchronization signal also includes a PSBCH, and a communication device receiving the first SL synchronization signal can also implement synchronization with the first UE based on the frame synchronization information included in the PSBCH. The communication device can obtain the frame synchronization information using a sequence included in the SL synchronization signal, or it can obtain the frame synchronization information by performing a process such as channel decoding in the PSBCH on the SL synchronization signal. The third type of SL synchronization signal can be understood as a signal obtained by the additional addition of a sequence used to carry frame synchronization information to the existing SL synchronization signal (e.g., the second type of SL synchronization signal), and other content included in the existing SL synchronization signal may remain unchanged. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, p. 53 / 93 41 / 51 This project allows this type of application to be more compatible with conventional technology. Furthermore, this project can also implement synchronization between detection devices and between the detection device and the communication device.

[106] For example, FIG. Figure 6 shows an example of the third type of SL synchronization signal. In FIG. 6, an example is used where the SL synchronization signal is an S-SSB. It can be learned that the S-SSB includes a PSBCH and a first sequence. In FIG. 6, an example where the first sequence is located after a guard interval is used. Alternatively, the first sequence may be located before the guard interval, for example, after the PSBCH and before the guard interval. Optionally, if an SL synchronization signal includes the PSBCH and the first sequence, the number of slots occupied by the SL synchronization signal may be greater than or equal to 1. For example, the number of slots occupied by the S-SSB in FIG. 6 is greater than 1.

[107] Optionally, only the first type SL synchronization signal can be used in a communication system, and the third type SL synchronization signal is not introduced. For example, the sensing UE can send the first type SL synchronization signal, and the communication UE can send the second type SL synchronization signal. In this way, it is equivalent to only one type of SL synchronization signal being changed, and the conventional SL synchronization signal can continue to be used, so this embodiment of this application is more compatible with conventional technology. Alternatively, the first type SL synchronization signal and the third type SL synchronization signal can coexist in the communication system. For example, the sensing UE can send the first type SL synchronization signal, and the communication UE can send the third type SL synchronization signal. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 54 / 93 42 / 51 type. In this way, synchronization can be implemented between the detection devices and between the detection device and the communication device, which is more conducive to the implementation of global synchronization.

[108] In this mode of this request, the first sequence can be used to carry the frame synchronization information. For the detection device, since the frame synchronization information can be carried using a sequence, the sending of an SL synchronization signal is implemented. However, for a receiving end of the SL synchronization signal, even if the receiving end is a detection device and cannot identify a PSBCH, the detection device can still identify the first sequence. Therefore, synchronization can be performed based on the frame synchronization information carried using the first sequence. It can be learned that, since the frame synchronization information is carried using the sequence, the detection device can still implement synchronization without identifying the PSBCH.Optionally, in addition to the PSBCH, the SL synchronization signal sent by the communication device may also include the sequence used to carry the frame synchronization information, which is more conducive to implementing global synchronization of more UEs.

[109] FIG. 7 is a diagram of a communication apparatus structure according to an embodiment of this application. The communication apparatus 700 can be the first UE in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 or a circuit system of the first UE, and is configured to implement the method corresponding to the first UE in the embodiment of the previous method. Alternatively, the communication apparatus 700 can be the second UE in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 or a circuit system of the second UE, and is configured to implement the method corresponding to the second UE in the embodiment of the previous method. For example, a system of Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 55 / 93 43 / 51 circuit is a chip system.

[110] The communication apparatus 700 includes at least one processor 701. The processor 701 can be configured to perform the internal processing of the apparatus, to implement a specific control processing function. Optionally, the processor 701 includes instructions. Optionally, the processor 701 can store data. Optionally, different processors can be independent components, can be located in different physical locations, or can be located in different integrated circuits. Optionally, different processors can be integrated into one or more processors, for example, integrated into one or more integrated circuits.

[111] Optionally, the communication device 700 includes one or more memories 703, configured to store instructions. Optionally, the memory 703 may also store data. The processor and memory may be arranged separately, or they may be integrated.

[112] Optionally, the communication device 700 includes a communication line 702 and at least one communication interface 704. Like the memory 703, the communication line 702 and the communication interface 704 are all optional and are all represented by dashed lines in FIG. 7.

[113] Optionally, the 700 communication device may also include a transceiver and / or an antenna. The transceiver may be configured to send information to another device or to receive information from another device. The transceiver may be called a transceiver machine, transceiver circuit, input / output interface or similar, and is configured to implement a transceiver function of the 700 communication device by means of the antenna. Optionally, the transceiver includes a transmitter and a receiver. For example, the transmitter may be configured to generate a signal of Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 56 / 93 44 / 51 radio frequency based on a baseband signal, and the receiver can be configured to convert the radio frequency signal into a baseband signal.

[114] The 701 processor may include a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to control program execution of the solutions in this application.

[115] The 702 communication line may include a path for transferring information between the previous components.

[116] The 704 communication interface uses any transceiver-type device to communicate with another device or a communication network, for example, Ethernet, a radio access network (RAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), or a wired access network.

[117] Data memory 703 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, or a random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device that can store information and instructions, or it may be an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, an optical disc storage (including a compact optical disc, a laser disc, an optical disc, a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc or the like), a magnetic disc storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be configured to carry or store program code. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 57 / 93 45 / 51 expected in the form of instructions or a data structure that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited to them. Memory 703 can exist independently and is connected to processor 701 via communication line 702. Alternatively, memory 703 can be integrated with processor 701.

[118] Memory 703 is configured to store computer executable instructions to execute the solutions of this request, and processor 701 controls execution. Processor 701 is configured to execute the computer executable instructions stored in memory 703, to implement the steps performed by the first UE or the second UE in the mode shown in FIG. 3.

[119] Optionally, computer executable instructions in this embodiment of this application may also be referred to as application program code. This is not specifically limited in this embodiment of this application.

[120] During the specific implementation, in one embodiment, the 701 processor may include one or more CPUs, for example, a CPU 0 and a CPU 1 in FIG. 7.

[121] During the specific implementation, in one embodiment, the communication apparatus 700 may include a plurality of processors, for example, processor 701 and processor 705 shown in FIG. 7. Each of the processors may be a single-core processor (single-CPU) or may be a multi-core processor (multi-CPU). The processor in this document may be one or more devices, circuits and / or processing cores configured to process data (for example, computer program instructions).

[122] When the device shown in FIG. 7 is a chip, for example, a first UE chip or a second UE chip, the chip includes processor 701 (which may also include processor 705), communication line 702 and communication interface. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, pp. 58 / 93 46 / 51 704. Optionally, the chip may include memory 703. Specifically, communication interface 704 may be an input interface, a pin, a circuit, or similar. Memory 703 may be a register, a cache, or something similar. Processor 701 and processor 705 may be a general-purpose CPU, a microprocessor, an ASIC, or one or more integrated circuits configured to control program execution via the communication method in any of the preceding embodiments.

[123] In embodiments of this application, the apparatus can be divided into functional modules based on examples from previous methods. For example, each functional module can be obtained by division based on each corresponding function, or two or more functions can be integrated into a processing module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware form or it can be implemented in the form of a software function module. It should be noted that, in embodiments of this application, module division is an example, and is merely a logical function division. During actual implementation, another method of division can be used. For example, when each functional module is obtained by division based on each corresponding function, FIG. 8 is a diagram of an apparatus. The apparatus 800 can be the first UE or the second UE in embodiments of the previous method, or a chip in the first UE or a chip in the second UE.The 800 apparatus includes a sending unit 801, a processing unit 802 and a receiving unit 803.

[124] It should be understood that device 800 can be configured to implement the steps performed by the first UE or the second UE in the communication method in this embodiment of this application. For related features, see the previous embodiments shown in FIG. 3. Details are not described again in this document.

[125] Optionally, implementation functions / processes of Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 59 / 93 47 / 51 sending unit 801, receiving unit 803 and processing unit 802 in FIG. 8 can be implemented by processor 701 in FIG. 7 by invoking the computer executable instructions stored in memory 703. Alternatively, the function / process of implementing processing unit 802 in FIG. 8 can be implemented by processor 701 in FIG. 7 by invoking the computer executable instructions stored in memory 703, and the functions / processes of implementing sending unit 801 and receiving unit 803 in FIG. 8 can be implemented by communication interface 704 in FIG. 7.

[126] Optionally, when the 800 device is a chip or a circuit, the functions / implementation processes of the 801 sending unit and the 803 receiving unit may alternatively be implemented by a pin, a circuit or similar.

[127] This application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are implemented, the method implemented by the first EU or the second EU in the previous method embodiments is implemented. In this way, the functions in the previous embodiments can be implemented in the form of a functional software unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of this application essentially, either the part that contributes to conventional technologies, or a part of the technical solutions, can be implemented in the form of a software product.The computer software product is stored on a storage medium and includes various instructions to instruct a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, or similar) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments of this application. The storage medium includes any medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, pp. 60 / 93 48 / 51 a removable hard drive, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[128] This application further provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes computer program code. When the computer program code is implemented on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the method performed by the first UE or the second UE in any of the previous method embodiments.

[129] One embodiment of this application further provides a processing apparatus, including a processor and an interface. The processor is configured to perform the method performed by the first UE or the second UE in any of the previous method embodiments.

[130] All or part of the foregoing embodiments may be implemented using software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When software is used to implement the embodiments, all or part of the embodiments may be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, the procedure or functions according to the embodiments of this application are generated wholly or partially. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, a computer network, or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be stored on a computer-readable storage medium or may be transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium.For example, computer instructions can be transmitted from one web page, computer, server, or data center to another web page, computer, server, or data center over a wired network (e.g., a coaxial cable, a fiber optic cable, or a digital subscriber line). Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, pp. 61 / 93 49 / 51 (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, radio, or microwave). The computer-readable storage medium may be any usable medium accessible by the computer or a data storage device, for example, a server or a data center, integrating one or more usable media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid-state drive (SSD)), or similar.

[131] Various logic units and illustrative circuits described in embodiments of this application may implement or operate the functions described by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate logic or transistor, a discrete hardware component, or a design of any combination thereof. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor. Optionally, the general-purpose processor may also be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented by a combination of computing devices, such as a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors with a digital signal processor core, or any other similar configuration.

[132] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in the embodiments of this application may be directly incorporated into the hardware, in a software unit executed by a processor, or in a combination thereof. The software unit may be stored in RAM, flash memory, ROM, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), EEPROM, a register, or a disk. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, pp. 62 / 93 50 / 51 hard disk, a removable magnetic disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium in the art. For example, the storage medium can be connected to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. Optionally, the storage medium can alternatively be integrated into a processor. The processor and the storage medium can be arranged in an ASIC, and the ASIC can be arranged in a terminal device. Optionally, the processor and the storage medium can be arranged in different parts of the terminal device.

[133] These computer program instructions can still be loaded into a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or other programmable device, to generate computer-implemented processing. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps to implement a specific function in one or more processes in flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in block diagrams.

[134] Mutual reference may be made to the content in embodiments of this application. Unless otherwise specified or a logical conflict arises, the terms and / or descriptions in different embodiments are consistent and may be mutually referenced, and the technical features in different embodiments may be combined into a new embodiment based on an internal logical relationship between the technical features.

[135] It may be understood that, under modalities of this request, the first EU and / or the second EU may carry out some or all of the steps under modalities of this request. The steps or operations are only examples. Under modalities of this request, other operations or variations of various operations may still be Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, pp. 63 / 93 51 / 51 completed. Furthermore, the steps may be performed in a different sequence than presented in the options for this request, and not all operations within the options for this request may be performed. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, p. 64 / 93

Claims

1 / 7 CLAIMS 1. A communication method applied to a first terminal device, characterized in that the method comprises: sending a first side-link synchronization signal, wherein the first side-link synchronization signal comprises a first sequence, the first sequence is used to carry frame synchronization information, and the frame synchronization information is used by another terminal device to synchronize with the first terminal device.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first sequence is further used to carry a cyclic redundancy check (CRC).

3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the frame synchronization information is comprised in a master information block (MIB), and the MIB comprises only the frame synchronization information.

4. A method, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first sequence is repeated N times in the first side link synchronization signal, and N is a positive integer.

5. Method, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first sequence is an M sequence, a golden sequence, or a ZC sequence.

6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the first sequence occupies a plurality of consecutive frequency domain units, or occupies a plurality of frequency domain units in a combed manner; or the first sequence occupies one or more time domain units.

7. Method, according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first device Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, p. 79 / 93 2 / 7 terminal is a detection device.

8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that: a time domain position of the first side link synchronization signal is determined based on a first field; the first field is used to configure a side link synchronization feature for the sensing device; the first field and a second side link synchronization signal block time allocation field are different fields; and the second side link synchronization signal block time allocation field is used to configure a side link synchronization feature for a communication device.

9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the first field is used to configure a first parameter, a second parameter, and a third parameter, wherein the first parameter represents an offset between a time domain position of a 1st side link synchronization signal of a detection type within a synchronization cycle and an initial time domain position of the synchronization cycle; the second parameter represents an interval between two adjacent side link synchronization signals of the detection type within the synchronization cycle; and the third parameter represents a total number of side link synchronization signals of the detection type comprised in the synchronization cycle.

10. Method, according to claim 9, characterized in that the first field comprises a first side link synchronization signal block allocation field, and the first side link synchronization signal block allocation field is used to configure the first parameter, the second parameter and the third parameter.

11. A method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the first field is further used to configure a fourth parameter, wherein the fourth parameter represents an offset of the 1st side link synchronization signal of the detection type within the synchronization cycle relative to a 1st side link synchronization signal of a communication type within the synchronization cycle.

12. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the method further comprises: receiving a second side link synchronization signal on a second resource; determining, based on a format of the second side link synchronization signal, that the second side link synchronization signal is a communication-type side link synchronization signal; and determining a first resource based on the fourth parameter and the second resource, wherein the first resource is used to send the first side link synchronization signal.

13. A method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the second side-link synchronization signal block time allocation field is used to configure a fifth parameter, a sixth parameter, and a seventh parameter, wherein the fifth parameter represents an offset between a time domain position of the 1st side-link synchronization signal of the communication type within the synchronization cycle and the start time domain position of the synchronization cycle; the sixth parameter represents an interval between two adjacent side-link synchronization signals of the communication type within the synchronization cycle; and Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, page 81 / 93 4 / 7 the seventh parameter represents a total number of side-link synchronization signals of the communication type comprised in the synchronization cycle.

14. Method, according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the sending of the first side link synchronization signal comprises: sending the first side link synchronization signal in all or part of the frequency domain units supported by the first terminal device.

15. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first terminal device is a communication device, the first side-link synchronization signal further comprises a physical side-link broadcast channel PSBCH, and the PSBCH carries the frame synchronization information.

16. A communication method applied to a second terminal device, characterized in that the method comprises: receiving a first side-link synchronization signal from a first terminal device, wherein the first side-link synchronization signal comprises a first sequence, and the first sequence is used to carry frame synchronization information; and synchronizing with the first terminal device based on the frame synchronization information.

17. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that the first sequence is still used to carry a CRC.

18. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that the frame synchronization information is contained in a MIB, and the MIB contains only the frame synchronization information.

19. Method, according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the first sequence is repeated N times in the first side link synchronization signal, and N is a positive integer.

20. Method, according to any one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that the first sequence is an M sequence, a golden sequence, or a ZC sequence.

21. A method according to any one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that: the first sequence occupies a plurality of consecutive frequency domain units, or occupies a plurality of frequency domain units in a combed manner; or the first sequence occupies one or more time domain units.

22. A method according to any one of claims 16 to 21, characterized in that the second terminal device is a detection device.

23. A method according to claim 22, characterized in that: a time domain position of the first side link synchronization signal is determined based on a first field; the first field is used to configure a side link synchronization feature for the sensing device; the first field and a second side link synchronization signal block time allocation field are different fields; and the second side link synchronization signal block time allocation field is used to configure a side link synchronization feature for a communication device.

24. Method according to claim 23, characterized in that the first field is used to configure a first parameter, a second parameter, and a third parameter, wherein the first parameter represents an offset between a time domain position of a 1st side link synchronization signal of a detection type within a synchronization cycle and an initial time domain position of the synchronization cycle; the second parameter represents an interval between two adjacent side link synchronization signals of the detection type within the synchronization cycle; and the third parameter represents a total number of side link synchronization signals of the detection type comprised in the synchronization cycle.

25. Method according to claim 24, characterized in that the first field comprises a first side link synchronization signal block time allocation field, and the first side link synchronization signal block time allocation field is used to set the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter.

26. A method according to any one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that the first field is further used to configure a fourth parameter, wherein the fourth parameter represents an offset of the 1st side link synchronization signal of the detection type within the synchronization cycle relative to a 1st side link synchronization signal of a communication type within the synchronization cycle.

27. A method according to any one of claims 23 to 26, characterized in that the second side-link synchronization signal block time allocation field is used to configure a fifth parameter, a sixth parameter, and a seventh parameter, wherein the fifth parameter represents an offset between a time domain position of the 1st side-link synchronization signal of the communication type within the synchronization cycle and the start time domain position of the synchronization cycle; Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, p. 84 / 93 7 / 7 the sixth parameter represents an interval between two adjacent side-link synchronization signals of the communication type within the synchronization cycle; and the seventh parameter represents a total number of side-link synchronization signals of the communication type comprised in the synchronization cycle.

28. A method according to any one of claims 16 to 21, characterized in that the first side link synchronization signal further comprises a PSBCH, and the PSBCH carries the frame synchronization information.

29. Communication apparatus, characterized in that the communication apparatus comprises a processing unit and a transceiver unit, and the processing unit is coupled to the transceiver unit, to perform the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 15 or the method as defined in any one of claims 16 to 28.

30. Computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium is configured to store a computer program and, when the computer program is implemented on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 15 or the computer is enabled to perform the method as defined in any one of claims 16 to 28. Petition 870250082190, dated 12 / 09 / 2025, pp. 85 / 93

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