Motion tracking and blur compensation for laser treatment device.

Description

1 / 38 Motion tracking and blur compensation for laser treatment device. BACKGROUND

[0001] Lasers and light-based therapeutic devices are widely used in various medical fields, including dermatology, to deliver optical energy to target tissue. This delivery of optical energy can alter the tissue, or chromophores present in the tissue, through various mechanisms, including photothermal and photochemical mechanisms, and these alterations have been leveraged for well-known laser / light-based procedures, including laser hair removal, tattoo removal, removal of pigmented lesions and vascular lesions, tissue tightening, wrinkle reduction, etc. Such devices in dermatology, for example, typically include a handpiece that is manually moved over a patient's skin by a physician.These devices deposit optical energy in short bursts to create fractional patterns comprising numerous microthermal zones (MTZs) of tissue damage, leaving most of the skin tissue intact and untreated, in order to improve the healing response of the treated tissue regions. Delivering too little optical energy to the treatment area can result in ineffective treatment, while delivering too much optical energy can result in undesirable tissue damage, such as burns. Furthermore, applying energy while the handpiece is moved over the patient's skin can result in the creation of suboptimal fractional patterns, such as fractional patents that appear blurry or smudged when compared to an ideal fractional pattern, resulting in reduced energy density and increased size of each MTZ, ultimately leading to decreased treatment efficacy.Therefore, it is desirable that a treatment system and method be made available to address these limitations and challenges. Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 8 / 80 2 / 38 SUMMARY

[0002] Modalities for laser-based treatment devices and treatment methods are described. In one embodiment, a treatment system is provided. The treatment system may include a handpiece with a window disposed at one end, a first electromagnetic radiation (EMR) source communicating with the handpiece, a second EMR source disposed within the handpiece, an optical array disposed within the handpiece, a first galvanometer communicating with the optical array, and a controller communicating with the handpiece and the first EMR source. The window may be configured to make direct contact with the tissue. The first EMR source may be configured to emit pulsed treatment radiation along a nominal optical axis through the window. The second EMR source may be configured to illuminate the contacted tissue at an illumination angle substantially oblique to the nominal optical axis.The nominal optical axis can extend across the optical array. The first galvanometer can be configured to adjust a setting of the optical array. The controller can be configured to manipulate the setting of the optical array via the first galvanometer to change the emission angle of the pulsed treatment radiation relative to the nominal optical axis and during the duration of the treatment pulse. The controller can also be configured to change the wavelength of the second MRI source based on a tissue marker detected in the contacting tissue.

[0003] The treatment device can vary in several ways. For example, the second REM source may include a plurality of second REM sources, each at a substantially oblique angle relative to the nominal optical axis. In some variations, the Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 9 / 80 3 / 38 A plurality of second REM sources can be arranged in a substantially ring-shaped geometry encircling the nominal optical axis. In other variations, each of the second REM sources can be configured to emit light at a discrete wavelength, and at least two sources in the plurality of second REM sources can be configured to emit light at different wavelengths. In another example, the optical arrangement may include an imaging lens configured to receive backscattered light emitted by the second REM source reflected off the contacting tissue. In some variations, the controller may be configured to identify the tissue marker based on the received backscattered light. In other variations, the imaging lens may include an adjustable iris configured to optimize an f-number of the imaging lens. In still other variations, the f-number of the imaging lens may vary between approximately 5.2 and 8.2.In other variations, at marginal focus and quarter-wavelength spherical aberration, 4A(E / #)2 can be approximately equal to between 50pm120μ™, where: A is one or more discrete wavelengths in nm, and (F / #) is the f-number of the imaging lens. In another example, the optical array may include a high AN lens with an AN of 0.3 or greater. In yet another example, the first galvanometer may be configured to manipulate the optical array to adjust the emission angle based on the window velocity relative to the contacted tissue. In some variations, the first galvanometer may be configured to manipulate the optical array to adjust the emission angle in at least two degrees of freedom. In another example, the treatment system may include a second galvanometer in communication with the optical array.The first galvanometer can be configured to adjust the optical array setting to change the emission angle around a first axis, and the second galvanometer can... Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 10 / 80 4 / 38 can be configured to adjust the optical arrangement setting to change the emission angle around a second axis. The first axis can be substantially perpendicular to the second axis.

[0004] In another modality, a treatment system is provided. The treatment system may include an elongated housing that defines a central longitudinal axis, an EMR source operationally coupled to the elongated housing and configured to emit a treatment beam toward the window, at least one light source disposed in the elongated housing and radially offset from the central longitudinal axis, an optical array disposed within the elongated housing, a first galvanometer in communication with the optical array, and a controller in communication with the EMR source and the first galvanometer. The elongated housing may include a window disposed in the housing and crossing the central longitudinal axis, with the window configured to contact the tissue during a treatment process. The treatment beam may be emitted along a treatment path substantially parallel to the central longitudinal axis. At least one light source may be configured to emit a detection beam toward the window.The optical array can be configured to direct and shape the emitted treatment beam. The first galvanometer can be configured to adjust a setting of the optical array. The controller can be configured to manipulate the optical array setting via the first galvanometer to change the emission angle of the treatment beam relative to the longitudinal axis. The controller can also be configured to change the wavelength of the detection beam based on a tissue marker detected in the contacting tissue.

[0005] The treatment system can vary in several ways. For example, the wavelength can be adjustable between approximately 390 nm and 650 nm. In another example, the wavelength can be... Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 11 / 80 5 / 38 proportional to the detected tissue marker. In yet another example, at least one light source may include a plurality of light sources, each arranged at a substantially oblique angle relative to the longitudinal axis. In some variations, the plurality of light sources may be arranged in a substantially ring-shaped geometry. In other variations, each of the light sources may be configured to emit light at a discrete wavelength, and at least two light sources in the plurality of light sources may be configured to emit light at different discrete wavelengths. In another example, the first galvanometer may be configured to manipulate the optical arrangement to adjust the emission angle based on the velocity of the window relative to the contacted tissue. In some variations, the first galvanometer may be configured to manipulate the optical arrangement to adjust the emission angle by at least two degrees of movement.In another example, the REM source can be configured to deliver the treatment radiation in a pulse duration, and the pulse duration can vary between approximately 3 and 10 ms. In another example, the treatment device may include a second galvanometer operatively coupled to the optical array. The first galvanometer can be configured to manipulate the optical array to alter the emission angle around a first axis, and the second galvanometer can be configured to manipulate the optical array to alter the emission angle around a second axis. The first axis may be substantially perpendicular to the second axis.

[0006] In another embodiment, a method is provided. The method may include detecting the first backscattered light reflected from a first portion of tissue in contact with a laser treatment device, moving the laser treatment device from the first portion of tissue to a second portion of tissue, detecting the Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 12 / 80 6 / 38 Second backscattered light reflected in a second portion of the tissue as the laser treatment device moves from the first portion of the tissue to the second portion of the tissue; determination of the speed of the laser treatment device relative to the tissue based on the respective initial positions and the respective secondary positions of one or more points of interest; application of at least one pulse of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) to the tissue with the laser treatment device for a pulse duration while the laser treatment device moves along the tissue; and adjustment, based on the determined speed, of the emission angle of at least one EMR pulse during the pulse duration. The backscattered light can characterize the respective initial positions of one or more points of interest in the first portion relative to the laser treatment device.The second backscattered light can characterize the respective secondary positions of one or more points of interest in the second portion relative to the laser treatment device. The emission angle can be defined relative to a nominal optical axis of the laser treatment device.

[0007] The method can vary in several ways. For example, at least one laser pulse can deliver between approximately 30 and 150 mJ to the tissue during the pulse duration. In another example, the adjustment might include altering the orientation of an optical array located in the laser treatment device using a first galvanometer. In yet another example, the method might include determining a dwell time based on the amount of energy delivered to the tissue during the pulse duration and the power of the laser treatment device. In some variations, the method might include determining a velocity compensation vector based on the speed of the laser treatment device and the determined dwell time, and adjusting the emission angle based on the vector. Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 13 / 80 7 / 38 of the velocity compensation vector is determined. In other variations, the velocity compensation vector can be determined approximately every 50 to 100 ms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] The patent application or process contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent publication or patent application with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.

[0009] The embodiments of the invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0010] Figure 1 is a graph that describes an absorption spectrum of melanin;

[0011] Figure 2 is a schematic view of a treatment device according to a modality;

[0012] Figure 3A is a cross-sectional view of the treatment device in Figure 2;

[0013] Figure 3B is a cross-sectional view of the treatment device in Figure 2 with optical energy flowing through it;

[0014] Figure 3C is a partial cross-sectional view of a nozzle of the treatment device in Figure 2 with optical energy flowing through it;

[0015] Figure 4 is a schematic view of optical energy flowing through an image channel of the processing device in Figure 2;

[0016] Figure 5 is a schematic view of optical energy flowing through a tracking channel of the treatment device in Figure 2;

[0017] Figure 6 is a reference to a method for determining the position of one or more usable lighting sources with the Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 14 / 80 8 / 38 treatment device in Figure 2;

[0018] Figure 7A is a cross-sectional view of the treatment device nozzle of Figure 2 with a position of a light source used for motion tracking determined using the reference of Figure 6;

[0019] Figure 7B is a partial cross-sectional view of the nozzle of Figure 7A;

[0020] Figure 7C is a simulation of illuminance on a target fabric surface using the parameters described in Figure 7A;

[0021] Figure 8A is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle of Figure 2 with a position of an illumination source used for image generation determined using the reference of Figure 6;

[0022] Figure 8B is a partial cross-sectional view of the nozzle of Figure 8A;

[0023] Figure 8C is a simulation of illuminance on a target fabric surface using the parameters described in Figure 8A, with an inset showing alternative positions of the light source;

[0024] Figure 9 is a diagram that describes a method for determining the wavelength of one or more light sources, according to a modality;

[0025] Figure 10 is a timing diagram of the method in Figure 9;

[0026] Figure 11 is a schematic drawing of blur compensation hardware usable with the processing device of Figure 2, with an inset representing compensated and uncompensated processing patterns; and

[0027] Figure 12 is a diagram that describes a blur compensation method in a treatment procedure using the blur compensation hardware of Figure 11.

[0028] It is noted that the drawings are not necessarily Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 15 / 80 9 / 38 scale. The drawings are intended to represent only typical aspects of the object disclosed herein and, therefore, should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. The systems, devices and methods specifically described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are examples of non-limiting embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Certain exemplary embodiments will now be described to provide a general understanding of the principles of structure, function, manufacture, and use of the devices and methods disclosed herein. One or more examples of such embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will understand that the devices and methods specifically described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are non-limiting exemplary embodiments and that the scope of the present invention is defined exclusively by the claims. The features illustrated or described in connection with an exemplary embodiment may be combined with the features of other embodiments. Such modifications and variations shall be included within the scope of the present invention.

[0030] The embodiments of the invention are discussed in detail below with respect to fractional treatment, including skin rejuvenation and resurfacing, for example, resurfacing for: acne, chickenpox and surgical scars, periorbital and perioral wrinkles, photoaging changes, facial dyschromias and stretch marks. Additional treatments related to the invention include the treatment of pigmentary skin conditions such as melasma, and other pigmentary conditions such as granuloma annulare.

[0031] The disclosed modalities can be used for the treatment of other pigmentary and non-pigmentary conditions and other tissue and non-tissue targets, without limitation. Examples of pigmentary conditions may include, among others, post- Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 16 / 80 10 / 38 Inflammatory hemorrhoids (HPI), dark skin around the eyes, dark eyes, café-au-lait spots, Becker's nevi, nevus of Ota, congenital melanocytic nevi, ephelides (freckles), and lentigo. Additional examples of pigmented tissues and structures that can be treated include, but are not limited to, hemosiderin-rich structures, pigmented gallstones, tissues containing tattoos, and structures rich in lutein, zeaxanthin, rhodopsin, carotenoids, biliverdin, bilirubin, and hemoglobin. Examples of targets for the treatment of non-pigmented structures, tissues, and conditions may include, but are not limited to, hair follicles, hair shafts, vascular lesions, infectious conditions, sebaceous glands, acne, and the like.

[0032] Treatment methods for various skin conditions, including for cosmetic purposes, can be performed using the systems described herein. It is understood that, although such methods can be performed by a physician, non-medical individuals, such as beauticians and other properly trained professionals, may use the systems described herein to treat various skin conditions with and without the supervision of a physician.

[0033] Furthermore, in the present invention, similarly named components of the embodiments generally exhibit similar characteristics and, therefore, within a specific embodiment, each characteristic of each similarly named component is not necessarily fully elaborated. Moreover, insofar as linear or circular dimensions are used in the description of the disclosed systems, devices, and methods, such dimensions are not intended to limit the types of shapes that can be used in conjunction with such systems, devices, and methods. A person skilled in the art will recognize that an equivalent to such linear and circular dimensions can be easily determined for any geometric shape. The sizes and Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 17 / 80 11 / 38 The shapes of systems and devices, and their components, may depend, at least, on the anatomy of the individual in whom the systems and devices will be used, the size and shape of the components with which the systems and devices will be used, and the methods and procedures in which the systems and devices will be used.

[0034] Treatment devices that rely on applications such as fractional resurfacing utilize a wavelength that is strongly absorbed by water, which requires precise application of laser energy to maintain treatment density as the treatment device is moved over the skin. Excessively high energy densities can result in tissue damage, such as burns, which is undesirable for effective treatment. To avoid applying excessive energy to the target tissue, treatment devices may have motion tracking features to record the relative movement of the treatment device and regulate the energy applied to the target tissue based on this relative movement of the treatment device.

[0035] The relative speed of typical treatment devices with respect to target tissue, such as skin, can be determined using optical motion tracking technology, such as that used in optical computer mice. These trackers have internal infrared (IR) light sources and an array of photodetectors that detect changes in light intensity over time and can extract motion information from these detected changes. This technology can work well for treatment devices that do not rely on direct contact with the target tissue, but certain advantages are lost when relying on such devices. Treatment devices that rely on direct contact with the target tissue can treat and cool the tissue simultaneously using a cooled optical window; however, direct contact with the target tissue via an optical window Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 18 / 80 12 / 38 generally tends to flatten the target tissue and eliminate the presence of certain topographic variations that would be used for the motion tracking technology described above.

[0036] Furthermore, treatment devices that rely on direct contact with the target tissue tend to also rely on coupling media, such as various fluids and / or gels with a corresponding refractive index, to minimize optical reflections at the interface between the optical window and the target tissue. This minimization of optical reflections tends to improve the treatment and imaging capabilities of the treatment device, but also tends to further reduce the visibility of surface features used for motion tracking. In other words, there are advantages and disadvantages associated with these direct contact systems and their ability to adequately track motion.

[0037] Instead of relying on typical topographic features of the skin, which would present the disadvantages explained above, motion tracking techniques can take advantage of certain tissue markers located within or beneath the skin to determine movement relative to the skin using the tissue markers as a guide. These tissue markers can include natural and artificial substances. Natural substances can include the concentration and / or distribution of melanin, blood or vasculature in the tissue, pores, hair follicles, creases, wrinkles, and other areas that provide sufficient optical variation to distinguish movement relative to the tissue. Artificial substances can include inks and / or dyes applied to the surface of the tissue or within it. These artificial substances can be applied in a pattern, for example, and can act as markers under excitation of certain wavelengths of light.In one specific example, with the possible exception of a case of albinism, melanin is present to some degree in all skin types. This makes... Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 19 / 80 13 / 38 Melanin is a good choice as a tissue marker to track the movement of a treatment device. However, other tissue markers described here may also be suitable, depending on the treatment, patient, etc.

[0038] Infrared light (nominally 850 nm) is poorly absorbed by melanin, as can be seen in graph 10 of Figure 1. Instead, infrared light tends to scatter several millimeters into the skin. Without an intrinsic chromophore that specifically absorbs infrared light, the backscattered light is detected only as background light, without providing information about any skin characteristics. As the wavelength of light increases, the absorption coefficient of melanin decreases. Consequently, certain wavelengths of light are more suitable for motion tracking and visualization in a treatment device. That is, wavelengths suitable for motion tracking, as shown in graph 10, are between approximately 390 nm and approximately 650 nm. Wavelengths suitable for visualization are between approximately 450 nm and approximately 690 nm.Ultraviolet light from approximately 315 nm to approximately 400 nm, as well as light at approximately 420 nm, is generally undesirable due to its action spectrum on actinic keratosis. While small doses at these wavelengths may generally be safe, prolonged exposure can be harmful.

[0039] The present invention provides systems and devices that address the challenges described above. In general, high numerical aperture (AN) optical treatment systems are described that can focus electromagnetic radiation (EMR) (e.g., a laser beam) onto a treatment region in a tissue. The focused laser beam can deliver optical energy to the treatment region without damaging the surrounding tissue. The delivered optical energy can, for example, treat tissue in a treatment region of the dermal layer of the skin without Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 20 / 80 14 / 38 affect surrounding regions (e.g., overlying epidermal layer, other portions of the dermal layer, and the like). In other implementations, the delivered optical energy may cause tattoo removal or alteration, or hemoglobin-related treatment.

[0040] Exemplary methods and devices for treating skin conditions with light or optical energy are disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2021 / 0138261, entitled “Feedback Detection for a Treatment Device”, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016 / 0199132, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Treating Dermal Melasma”, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 438,818, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Selective Treatment of Dermal Melasma”, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0041] Referring now to Figures 2-5, a radiation treatment device 100 and its elements are shown. With these challenges in mind, the treatment device 100 was designed to include features that directly address these challenges or that are compatible with certain specialized techniques so that the techniques can directly address them. For example, the treatment device 100 may, in general, be an apparatus with compact optical geometry that provides substantially oblique illumination for motion tracking during laser treatment, using a high numerical aperture (NA) lens near an optical window that is in direct contact with the target tissue during treatment.

[0042] The device 100 may generally include optical components that define various optical channels through the treatment device 100 and along which optical energy may travel. In general, the optical components of the treatment device 100 may include one or more of various beam-shaping elements 102 (e.g., axons, lenses, a combination of reflective and refractive optics) Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 21 / 80 15 / 38 tiva, etc.), one or more reflective elements 104, a dichroic beam splitter 106, a high numerical aperture (AN) lens 108, the optical window 110, an image lens, a beam splitter 114, an image camera 116 and a motion tracking camera 118.

[0043] The optical components of the treatment device 100 may be contained in a generally elongated housing 120, which can be seen in Figure 3A, for example. The housing 120 may be shaped to fit substantially in the physician's hands, so that the treatment device 100 (also known as the handpiece) can be conveniently maneuvered during a treatment procedure. The optical window 110 may be located at a distal end of the housing 120, in a distal portion of the treatment device 100, called the nozzle 121. The high AN lens 108 may also be located in the nozzle 121 of the treatment device and, in some variations, the high AN lens 108 may be composed of more than one lens. For example, as seen in Figure 3A, the high AN 108 lens shown in Figure 100 can be used to describe the high AN 108 lens. 2 may comprise four (or more or less) 108A-108D lenses located within the nozzle 121.Together, the high AN 108 lens and the optical window 110 can define an optical axis AA that generally passes through their respective midpoints and along which at least a portion of the optical channels are defined.

[0044] The various optical channels may include: a treatment channel 130 along which treatment optical energy 132 may travel; an illumination channel 140 along which illumination optical energy 142 may travel; an imaging channel 150 along which backscattered light 152 may travel to be used to create images of the target tissue 20; and a tracking channel 160 along which backscattered light 162 may be used to track the movement of the treatment device 100 relative to the target tissue 20. Each one Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 22 / 80 16 / 38 of these channels can be seen in the schematic diagram of device 100 shown in Figure 2.

[0045] The treatment channel 130 can be defined by the optical components responsible for transmitting and directing the treatment optical energy 132, generated by a treatment light source 122, to a target tissue 20, in order to treat the target tissue 20. Depending on the demands of a treatment regimen, the wavelength of the treatment optical energy 132 can be between approximately 1040 nm and approximately 2020 nm. These optical components may include one or more of the various beam shaping elements 102 described above, one or more reflective elements 104, the dichroic beam splitter 106, the high numerical amplitude lens 108, and the optical window 110.

[0046] In operation, the treatment optical energy 132 generated by the treatment light source 122 passes through one or more beam shaping elements 102, where it can be shaped, filtered, collimated, focused and / or manipulated as desired, being directed by one or more reflective elements 104 towards the optical window 110 and the target tissue 20, in turn. With respect to the treatment optical energy 132, the dichroic beam splitter 106 can act to reflect the treatment optical energy 132 towards the target tissue 20 without allowing the treatment optical energy 132 to pass through itself. The treatment optical energy 132 can pass through the high AN lens 108, which, in some variations, may have an AN of at least about 0.2, in other variations at least about 0.25 and in other variations at least about 0.3.The optical treatment energy 132 can pass through the optical window 110, which can have a variety of shapes, including being at least partially rounded to various degrees and / or flat. After passing through the optical window 110, the optical treatment energy 132 can interact with the target tissue. The optical energy of... Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 23 / 80 17 / 38 treatment 132 can be seen in Figure 3B as it passes through treatment device 100 along treatment channel 130. Near the end of its journey towards target tissue 20, the optical energy from treatment 132 can travel substantially along optical axis AA.

[0047] The illumination channel 140 may include components responsible for creating, directing, and transmitting the optical illumination energy 142 to illuminate the target tissue 20. These components may include one or more illumination sources 144, the high-AN lens 108, and the optical window 110. One or more illumination sources 144 may be one or more LEDs or other light sources capable of illuminating the target tissue 20 with optical illumination energy 142 through the high-AN lens 108 and the optical window 110. One or more illumination sources 144 may be arranged within the treatment device 100 near the optical window 110 and offset from the optical axis AA to avoid interference with the optical treatment energy 132 passing through the treatment channel 130.For example, one or more illumination sources may emit illumination optical energy 142 from oblique positions, such that an angle φ between the optical axis AA and the illumination axis by one or more illumination sources is at least 33 degrees, as can be seen in Figure 2. At angle φ, the illumination on a target tissue surface 20 will form an angle in a range of about 0 to 65 degrees. This angle φ may be called a substantially oblique angle, which, in context, means that the illumination optical energy 142 emitted by one or more illumination light sources 144 may be emitted in such a way that the target tissue 50 is illuminated at a substantially oblique angle. The optical illumination energy 142 can be seen in Figures 3B and 3C as it is emitted by one or more illumination sources 144, passes through the high-AN lens 108 and the optical window 110 and reaches the target tissue 20. To one or more illumination sources. Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 24 / 80 18 / 38 144 will be described in greater detail below.

[0048] After the optical illumination energy 142 reaches the target tissue 20, at least part of it is reflected in the target tissue 20 and scattered in the treatment device 100. The backscattered light 152 passes through the optical window 110 and the high numerical amplitude (NA) lens 108 along the optical axis AA or substantially parallel to it, and then passes through the dichroic beam splitter 106 with minimal interaction with it. After passing through the dichroic beam splitter 106, the backscattered light 152 can pass through an imaging lens 112 that can be designed to operate at broad wavelengths between about 390 nm and about 2020 nm. The imaging lens 112 can have an NA of at least about 0.04 and, in some variations, the NA of the imaging lens 112 can be at least about 0.06. As explained above, the thickness of the typical adult epidermis ranges from about 50 µm to about 120 µm.The 112 imaging lens can be designed to have a depth of focus compatible with any epidermis, especially within this typical thickness range. The 112 imaging lens can have an adjustable iris to optimize its F / # in order to improve contrast.

[0049] To determine an appropriate f-number for the imaging lens, the following information can be used. For example, at marginal focus and quarter-wavelength spherical aberration, 4A(F / #)2« 50pm at 120^m, which corresponds to an f-number between about 5.2 and 8.2 at an imaging wavelength of one or more illumination sources of about 450 nm. As also explained above and detailed below, the illumination wavelength can be selected depending on the concentration of melanin in the target tissue 20, as well as any other tissue marker.

[0050] After passing through the image lens 112 (or lenses), the backscattered light 152 can interact with a beam splitter 114, which acts Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 25 / 80 19 / 38 to evenly split the backscattered light between the image channel 150 and the tracking channel 160. Before this split, the image channel 150 and the tracking channel 160 are exactly the same.

[0051] The backscattered light 152, diverted by the beam splitter 114 to the imaging channel 150, can reach an imaging camera 116 located within the treatment device 100, which can be used to obtain images of the target tissue 20 during a treatment operation. The imaging channel 150 is illustrated in Figure 4. The light diverted by the beam splitter 114 to the tracking channel 160 can reach a motion tracking camera 118, which can be used to track the movement of the treatment device 100 relative to the target tissue 20. The tracking channel 160 is illustrated in Figure 5. Both the imaging camera 116 and the motion tracking camera 118 will be described in greater detail below.

[0052] In operation, the treatment device 100 may utilize one or more illumination sources 144 operating at different wavelengths of light, from about 390 nm to about 650 nm, to illuminate the target tissue 20. Backscattered light 152, as described in relation to the imaging channel 150 and the motion tracking channel 160, may be used to detect the movement of the tracking device 100 relative to the target tissue 20 as the treatment device 100 moves during a treatment procedure. The effectiveness of motion tracking may be enhanced in several ways, including selecting the appropriate positioning of one or more illumination sources 144 relative to the high numerical range lens 108 and the optical window 110, and selecting an appropriate wavelength of light emitted by one or more illumination sources 144. Both aspects will be discussed below.

[0053] As explained above, the AN 108 high lens can be Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 26 / 80 20 / 38 composed of multiple 108A-108D lenses, as illustrated in Figure 3A. Depending on the qualities of the high AN 108 lens and / or the multiple 108A-108D lenses, the ideal position of one or more illumination sources 144 may change. To calculate the initial position and orientation of one or more illumination sources 144 around a desired lens component (e.g., high AN 108 lens and / or multiple 108A-108D lenses), the following method can be used in conjunction with diagram 200 illustrated in Figure 6. Figure 6 illustrates the target tissue 20' and several illumination sources 144' positioned in a ring-shaped pattern above the target tissue, which are easily comparable to both the target tissue 20' and one or more illumination sources 144'.

[0054] To begin the method, one can determine the desired lens component around which one or more light sources will be positioned 144'.As an example, the 108C lens can be selected as the optical element around which one or more 144' illumination sources will be positioned. Then, a desired number of 144' illumination sources can be selected. For tracking, a single illumination source is sufficient, but for visualization and image generation, more than one illumination source can be useful to improve the uniformity of illumination on the target tissue surface. Next, vary R, ​​ρ, and a0, where R is the distance of the target tissue 20', ρ is the distance of each 144' illumination source from the center of the lens, and a0 is the angle that each normal of the illumination source forms with the target tissue 20'. This is calculated as a tangent to a sphere of radius R at aperture ρ. The angle ρ is defined as the angle between ρ and the x-axis in the z-plane. The position and rotation angles of any illumination source placed around this sphere can be calculated as:

[0055] tan ax= tan a0* cos Θ

[0056] tan ay= tan a0* sin Θ Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 27 / 80 21 / 38

[0057] (x,y) = (pcosh, psin0)

[0058] Figures 7A and 7B illustrate a CAD model of nozzle 121, showing the ideal parameters of the illumination source 144 used in motion tracking, positioned around lens 108C (not shown in the Figure) in nozzle 121, using the method and calculations above. The physical coordinates of the illumination source 144, originating from a target tissue surface 20' near the center of the optical window 110, are:

[0059] (x, y, z) = (14.57mm, 4.73mm, 22.17mm)

[0060] The light source 144 can be angled as follows:

[0061] (ax,ay) = (11.7°, 27.72°).

[0062] Figure 7C illustrates an optical studio simulation 210 of illuminance on a target fabric surface 20 by the illumination source 144 using the parameters described in relation to Figures 7A and 7B, and where the illumination source 144 is a blue LED.

[0063] Figures 8A and 8B illustrate a CAD model of nozzle 121, showing the ideal parameters of the illumination source 144 used for image generation, positioned around lens 108C in nozzle 121, using the method and calculations above. The physical coordinates of the illumination source 144 are:

[0064] (x, y, z) = (13.74 mm, 9.98 mm, 23.06 mm)

[0065] The light source 144 can be angled as follows:

[0066] (ax, ay) = (20.89°, 27.72°).

[0067] Figure 8C illustrates an optical studio simulation 220 of the illuminance on a target tissue surface by the illumination source 144, using the parameters described in relation to Figures 8A and 8B, and where the illumination source 144 is a white LED. The detail in Figure 8C illustrates alternating positions of the illumination source 144.

[0068] Depending on the type of lens or lenses used in the treatment device 100, the ideal positioning of one or more sources Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 28 / 80 The 22 / 38 illumination source 144 can be changed, as can be seen in insert 220A. The illumination source 144 can be mounted on a metal-core printed circuit board (PCB) (not shown) for proper control of its position and orientation. The metal core can help conduct heat away from the illumination source 144 and into the surrounding metal supports.

[0069] As explained above, direct contact through the optical window 110 can smooth the target tissue 20 and reduce the presence of physical features that might otherwise be used for motion tracking. To combat this challenge, melanin can be selected as a tracking marker, for example, because melanin is deposited in the target tissue unevenly, and areas with higher melanin concentrations can stand out as trackable features. However, melanin as a trackable feature presents its own challenges, such as variation in the accuracy of motion tracking techniques as a result of differences in the target tissue 20, observed primarily in cutaneous tissues with varying melanin concentrations. Using the Fitzpatrick classification system for skin types, skin can be grouped based on its epidermal melanin concentration, resulting in six groups designated Fitzpatrick types 1-VI.Fitzpatrick skin types I-IV exhibit epidermal melanosome concentrations by volume in the range of approximately 1.3-43%, which are generally evenly distributed in healthy skin. Melanin, as a chromophore, absorbs blue and visible light very well, as shown in Figure 1. However, at higher melanin concentrations (skin types V and VI), blue light is strongly absorbed everywhere, making it difficult to locate traceable features. For these skin types, a longer wavelength is more desirable, including the use of amber or white light. Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 29 / 80 23 / 38

[0070] In practice, selecting a wavelength for screening in skin types II-V can be challenging when visual confirmation by a professional is the sole determinant of that wavelength, as spectral reflectivity and scattering by the target tissue may depend on other factors, including ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, humidity, etc., which may not be easily discernible by visual confirmation. Consequently, automating the selection of this wavelength based on a more quantitative approach, such as that described here, can improve treatment accuracy. Although melanin is referenced as the marker on which screening is based, melanin is only one example. Therefore, the techniques and description provided here can be generalized and applied to other tissue markers.

[0071] An operator of the treatment device 100 can move the treatment device over the target tissue areas to be treated while no optical treatment energy 132 is applied. While the treatment device 100 is being moved, the wavelengths of one or more illumination sources 144 can be alternated, while the motion tracking performance is recorded at each iteration of the cycle. This process (called the pre-scan approach) can be repeated several times to increase measurement accuracy, and an average performance of the various iterations can be recorded. The wavelength or wavelength combinations of one or more illumination sources that exhibit the best performance during the process can be used during an actual treatment procedure.

[0072] An exemplary method 300 for selecting the wavelength of one or more illumination sources can be seen in Figure 9. In this example, four illumination sources 302A-302D, which can be Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 30 / 80 24 / 38 similar or identical to one or more lighting sources 144 are being tested. The method 300 may involve several cycles to determine an optimal result. In one iteration of the cycle, a specific lighting source (e.g., 302A) is selected in step 310. The treatment device 100 is moved in step 320. Performance is calculated in step 330. The calculated performance is compared to previous performances in step 340. If the best of the lighting sources 302A-302D is found, this lighting source 302A-302D is used in a treatment in step 350. Otherwise, the process proceeds back to step 310 with a new lighting source 302B-302D.

[0073] A 360 time diagram of the 300 method can be seen in Figure 10, with time progressing along the x-axis. The position of treatment device 100 can be seen on the first line as method 300 progresses. A power level of the first illumination source 302A can be seen on the second line during the time of method 300. A power level of the second illumination source 302B can be seen on the third line during the time of method 300. A power level of the third illumination source 302C can be seen on the fourth line during the time of method 300. A power level of the fourth illumination source 302D can be seen on the fifth line during the time of method 300. A measurement state can be seen on the sixth line during the time of method 300, where the measurement coincides with the power levels of illumination sources 302A-302D. An exemplary result of the measured quality of each of the 302A-302D lighting sources can be seen in the seventh row during the 300 method time.Based on this result, it can be seen that the third light source, 302C, performed best and would be selected for use in a treatment procedure. Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 31 / 80 25 / 38

[0074] Although method 300 involves testing a single light source at a time, in some variations, combinations of light sources can be tested to determine if multiple light sources perform well.

[0075] Other variations may depend on a single light source with switchable wavelength, i.e., the light source may emit a selectable wavelength of light. In these variations, instead of switching between multiple light sources, the wavelengths of light that can be emitted by the light source can be switched and measured to verify the quality of performance.

[0076] Other methods for determining the wavelength of one or more illumination sources 144 are contemplated here. For example, determinations could be made based on a Fitzpatrick skin type using neural networks. The target tissue color could be collected under white illumination using a white LED or equivalent illumination source. A CMOS camera embedded in the processing device 100 could collect images of the illuminated tissue at various points in time. The collected images could be split into RGB channels and analyzed for the spectral signatures of each skin type. This analysis could form the basis for a dataset on which the neural network or machine learning algorithm could be trained to determine an ideal corresponding wavelength of one or more illumination sources.

[0077] In another example, one or more illumination sources 144 could briefly emit white light against the target tissue 20 when the treatment device 100 is placed in direct contact with the target tissue 20. The backscattered light 152 could be collected by an integrated camera (e.g., imaging camera 116, ras camera). Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 32 / 80 26 / 38 motion tracking 118, etc.), and an intensity threshold algorithm could be used to determine the ideal wavelength for motion tracking, where a lower backscatter intensity corresponds to skin with a higher melanin concentration and will trigger the selection of a longer wavelength.

[0078] In another example, one or more light sources 144 could quickly scan the available wavelengths of one or more light sources 144. By monitoring the intensity of the backscattered light 152 for each of the wavelengths, a wavelength corresponding to a maximum intensity value could be found quickly.

[0079] As explained above, treatment with the treatment device 100 involves the application of treatment optical energy 132 to the target tissue 20 in short bursts, which create microthermal zones (MTZs) of damage in the target tissue 20. A therapeutic dose is on the order of 30-150 mJ. To administer this dose, the treatment optical energy 132 is delivered in pulses lasting between 3 and 10 ms, depending on the power of the treatment optical energy 132. Typically, movement of the treatment device 100 during a pulse can result in the creation of blurred MTZs, which can lead to reduced energy density and increased size of each MTZ, factors that reduce the effectiveness of the treatment.

[0080] To solve this blur problem, the treatment device 100 can be equipped with blur compensation hardware 400, which can adjust the supply of optical treatment energy 132 to minimize or eliminate the negative effects on treatment effectiveness associated with blur.

[0081] Motion data, such as those processed as described above for motion tracking, can be fed into a control system within the treatment device 100, which Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 33 / 80 27 / 38 then directs one or more galvanometers in the treatment device 100 to direct the optical treatment energy in a manner that keeps the beam focused on a single point for the duration of a pulse. A schematic view of the treatment device 100 with the blur compensation hardware 400 can be seen in Figure 11. The blur compensation hardware 400 includes a motion tracker 402, which feeds X and Y motion data to a system controller 404 for the treatment device 100. The system controller 404 calculates the speed of the treatment device 100 based on a known conversion factor, determined by the optical elements arranged in the treatment device 100. The calculated speed can be translated into the commands needed for the movement of one or more galvanometers 406, which can correspond to the movement of the optical treatment energy (e.g., a laser) around one or more axes of motion.For example, if the treatment device is moved primarily along the x-axis, the x-galvanometer 406A (i.e., the galvanometer responsible for adjustments relative to the x-axis) can be used to control the spacing of the MTZs on the x-axis, as well as to adjust any movement of the treatment device with an x-component. A y-galvanometer 406B can operate similarly to the x-galvanometer relative to the y-axis. The resulting compensation can translate into a treatment pattern 412 with circular and discrete MTZs, as opposed to an uncompensated treatment pattern 414 with elongated and blurred MTZs.

[0082] The 404 system controller can determine the number of trackable features in the target tissue and then select an appropriate wavelength from one or more 144 illumination sources (particularly one responsible for motion tracking) to maximize tracking quality. The SQUAL value Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 34 / 80 28 / 38 can also be used to determine when the treatment device has been lifted from the skin surface.

[0083] In operation, the system controller 404 can query the motion tracker 402 at a rate of approximately 2,000 Hz and read the number of counts that the treatment device 100 has performed since the last query. The number of counts can be converted to millimeters based on the internal resolution setting of the motion tracker 402 and the distance between one or more illumination sources and the target tissue surface 20. At each query, the system controller 404 accumulates the distance traveled in the x-direction in a variable until the treatment device 100 has moved a predefined step, based on the desired treatment density and a random factor. An instantaneous velocity vector and a negative blur compensation vector in the x-direction are calculated every 50-100 ms. When the treatment device 100 has moved the step, the system controller 404 generates a column of points in the y-direction.These points serve as the central point of their respective blur compensation movements. The 404 system controller sends commands related to galvanometer movement and laser pulsation to a 408 galvanometer controller (which may be part of the 404 system controller). The 408 galvanometer controller interprets the commands and translates them into analog signals understood by one or more 406 galvanometers and the optical treatment power source 132. Adjustments for compensation can be made based on the received signals. In practice, adjustments can be made on one or more 409 reflector elements, which can be electronically connected to one or more 406 galvanometers. For example, the x 406A galvanometer can be connected to a first 409A reflector element, which can be adjusted to control the emission angle of a 410 generated optical treatment power beam. Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 35 / 80 29 / 38 an optical treatment energy source 411 around a first axis - the x-axis. The same can be said for the y-galvanometer 406B connected to a second reflecting element 409B, which can be adjusted to control the emission angle of the optical treatment energy beam 410 around a second axis - the y-axis. The emission angle can be measured relative to the optical axis AA of the treatment device 100.

[0084] A diagram of the blur compensation process 500 is illustrated in Figure 12. At the beginning of process 500, the motion tracker 402 can be consulted in step 505. In step 510, the motion can be added to a motion distance variable stored in the treatment device 100. If, in step 515, the treatment device 100 does not move more than the predefined step, steps 505 and 510 can be repeated. Otherwise, N points can be generated along the y-axis with equal step in step 520. Then, a randomization factor 525 can be added to the step. Using a current speed of the treatment device of 100, a line centered at each point can be generated in step 530, and the lines can have a direction opposite to a current movement of the treatment device 100. The current speed of the treatment device 100 can be calculated first by searching the motion tracker 402 for movement in step 535.The motion can be added to a speed calculation variable in step 540. If less than 50 ms have elapsed since the last speed calculation, steps 535 and 540 can be repeated. Otherwise, the current speed can be calculated in step 550. Once the lines are generated in step 530, the line motion data, consisting of the direction and speed opposite to the current motion of the treatment device 100, can be sent to the Galvo 408 controller in step 555. The Galvo 408 controller can operate one or more galvanometers. Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 36 / 80 30 / 38 406 move to a target position, and the treatment device 100 can dose the target tissue with the treatment optical energy in step 560. If all lines are not marked, steps 555 and 560 can be repeated. Otherwise, process 500 can return to step 505 and a new iteration of process 500 can be started.

[0085] Some calculations involved in process 500 are provided below. The duration of the blur compensation movement is determined by the current speed of the treatment device 100, the energy per pulse, and the power of the treatment optical energy 132. The dwell time, the amount of time during which the treatment optical energy 132 must be focused on a given point to deliver the energy per pulse, is given by:

[0086]

[0087] Pulse energy (mj) Waiting time (s) = ---------------Laser power (m^) The blur compensation movement can be calculated as follows:

[0088] Blur compensation length^(mm) = ^m.'^m'X Fo / octdode de movimento í —) * Tempo (s) de esperando

[0089] Blur compensation lengthy(mm) = Fe / octdode of movement(^) * Waiting time(s)

[0090] Finally, the velocity vectors of the blur compensation movements are given by:

[0091] Blur compensation length x(mm / s) = —1 * Fe / octdode of movement^

[0092] Fe / octdode of blur compensationy(mm / s) = Fe / octdode de movimentoy

[0093] The motion and blur compensation velocity vectors for each of the x and y points are used to position and move their respective galvanometers. This movement results in the generation of circular MTZs in the target tissue 20, instead of a blotch. Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 37 / 80 31 / 38 blurred due to movement of the treatment device 100.

[0094] The subject described herein may be implemented in digital electronic circuits, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structural means disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents, or combinations thereof. The subject described herein may be implemented as one or more computer program products, as one or more computer programs tangibly embodied in an information carrier (e.g., in a machine-readable storage device), or embodied in a propagated signal, for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus (e.g., a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple computers).A computer program (also known as a program, software, software application, or code) can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and can be deployed in any form, including as a standalone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program does not necessarily correspond to a file. A program may be stored in a portion of a file that contains other programs or data, in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, subprograms, or code portions). A computer program may be deployed to run on one or more computers in a location, or distributed across multiple locations and interconnected by a communication network.

[0095] The processes and logical flows described in this specification, including the steps of the method of the subject described herein, may be performed by one or more programmable processors executing Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 38 / 80 32 / 38 one or more computer programs to perform functions of the subject described herein, operating on input data and generating outputs. The logical processes and flows can also be performed by, and the devices of the subject described herein can be implemented as, special-purpose logic circuits, for example, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit).

[0096] Processors suitable for running a computer program include, by way of example, general-purpose and special-purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any type of digital computer. Generally, a processor receives instructions and data from read-only memory (ROM) or random-access memory (RAM), or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor to execute instructions and one or more memory devices to store instructions and data. Generally, a computer also includes, or is operatively coupled to receive or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices to store data, for example, magnetic disks, magneto-optical disks, or optical disks.Suitable storage media for incorporating computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including, for example, semiconductor memory devices (e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices); magnetic disks (e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks); magneto-optical disks; and optical disks (e.g., CD and DVD discs). The processor and memory may be supplemented by or incorporated into special-purpose logic circuits.

[0097] To provide user interaction, the subject described here can be implemented on a computer with a device Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 39 / 80 33 / 38 display, for example, a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor, to display information to the user, and a keyboard and a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball), through which the user can provide input to the computer. Other types of devices can also be used to provide user interaction. For example, the feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback), and user input can be received in any format, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input. Furthermore, such devices may include mobile devices, including smartphones, tablets, or other similar systems via a website, application, or other program, and user input can be received via a keyboard, touchscreen, stylus, cursor, mouse, etc.

[0098] The techniques described herein can be implemented using one or more modules. As used herein, the term module refers to computing software, firmware, hardware, and / or various combinations thereof. At a minimum, however, modules should not be interpreted as software that is not implemented in hardware, firmware, or recorded on a non-transient processor-readable and writable storage medium (i.e., modules are not software per se). In fact, a module should always be interpreted as including at least some non-transient physical hardware, such as a part of a processor or computer. Two different modules may share the same physical hardware (e.g., two different modules may use the same processor and network interface). The modules described herein may be combined, integrated, separated, and / or duplicated to support various applications.Furthermore, a function described here as being executed in a specific module may be executed. Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 40 / 80. 34 / 38 implemented in one or more other modules and / or by one or more other devices instead of or in addition to the function performed in the specific module. Furthermore, modules may be implemented in multiple devices and / or other components that are local or remote from each other. In addition, modules may be moved from one device and added to another device and / or may be included in both devices.

[0099] The subject described herein may be implemented in a computing system that includes a back-end component (e.g., a data server), a middleware component (e.g., an application server), or a front-end component (e.g., a client computer with a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the subject described herein), or any combination of these back-end, middleware, and front-end components.The system components can be interconnected by any form or means of digital data communication, for example, a communication network. Examples of communication networks include a local area network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN), for example, the Internet.

[0100] The language of approximation, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that may permissibly vary without resulting in an alteration of the basic function to which it relates. “Approximately,” “substantially,” or “about” may include numbers that fall within a range of 1%, or in some embodiments within a range of 5% of a number, or in some embodiments within a range of 10% of a number in either direction (greater or less than the number), unless otherwise indicated or evident from the context (except where such number exceeds Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 41 / 80 35 / 38 would inadmissibly be 100% of a possible value). Consequently, a value modified by a term or terms, such as “about”, “approximately” or “substantially”, should not be limited to the precise value specified. In at least some cases, approximate language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. Here and throughout the specification and claims, range limitations may be combined and / or interchanged; such ranges are identified and include all subranges contained therein, unless the context or language indicates otherwise.

[0101] The articles "a" and "an," as used herein in the specification and claims, unless clearly indicated otherwise, shall be understood as including the plural referents. Claims or descriptions that include or include one or more members of a group are deemed satisfied if one, more than one, or all members of the group are present, employed, or otherwise relevant to a particular product or process, unless indicated otherwise or otherwise evident from the context. The invention includes embodiments in which exactly one member of the group is present, employed, or otherwise relevant to a particular product or process. The invention also includes embodiments in which more than one or all members of the group are present, employed, or otherwise relevant to a particular product or process.Furthermore, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments provide all variations, combinations, and permutations in which one or more limitations, elements, clauses, descriptive terms, etc., of one or more of the listed claims are introduced into another claim dependent on the same base claim (or, as the case may be, any other claim), unless otherwise indicated or unless evident to someone with such knowledge or understanding. Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 42 / 80 36 / 38 common knowledge in the art that a contradiction or inconsistency would arise. It is contemplated that all embodiments described herein are applicable to all different aspects of the disclosed embodiments, as appropriate. It is also contemplated that any embodiment or aspect may be freely combined with one or more other embodiments or aspects, whenever appropriate. When elements are presented as lists, for example, in Markush group or similar format, it should be understood that each subgroup of the elements is also disclosed, and any element(s) may be removed from the group. It should be understood that, in general, when the disclosed embodiments, or aspects of the disclosed embodiments, are referred to as comprising specific elements, features, etc., certain embodiments of the invention or aspects of the invention consist of, or essentially consist of, such elements, features, etc.For simplicity's sake, these embodiments have not, in all cases, been specifically presented in such detail in this document. It should also be understood that any embodiment or aspect of the invention may be explicitly excluded from the claims, regardless of whether the specific exclusion is mentioned in the specification. For example, any one or more active agents, additives, ingredients, optional agents, types of organisms, disorders, individuals, or combinations thereof may be excluded.

[0102] When intervals are provided herein, embodiments of the invention include embodiments in which both endpoints are included, embodiments in which both endpoints are excluded, and embodiments in which one endpoint is included and the other is excluded. It should be assumed that both endpoints are included unless otherwise indicated. Furthermore, it should be understood that unless otherwise indicated or evident from the context and comprehension Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 43 / 80 37 / 38 From the perspective of someone with common knowledge in the field, the values ​​expressed as intervals can assume any specific value or subinterval within the intervals stated in different embodiments of the invention, down to the tenth of a unit of the lower limit of the interval, unless the context clearly determines otherwise. It is also understood that, when a series of numerical values ​​is stated herein, the invention includes embodiments that relate analogously to any intermediate value or interval defined by any two values ​​in the series, and that the smallest value can be considered as the minimum and the largest value can be considered as the maximum. Numerical values, as used herein, include values ​​expressed as percentages.

[0103] Although some variations have been described in detail above, other modifications or additions are possible.

[0104] In the descriptions above and in the claims, phrases such as at least one of or one or more of may occur followed by a conjunctive list of elements or characteristics. The term and / or may also occur in a list of two or more elements or characteristics. Unless otherwise implied or explicitly contradicted by the context in which it is used, such a phrase is intended to mean any of the elements or characteristics listed individually or any of the elements or characteristics recited in combination with any of the other elements or characteristics recited. For example, the sentences at least one of A and B; one or more of A and B; and A and / or B are each intended to mean A alone, B alone, or A and B together. A similar interpretation is also intended for lists that include three or more items.For example, the sentences at least one of A, B, and C; one or more of A, B, and C; and “A, B, and / or C” are each intended to mean “A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, or A and B and C together.” Furthermore, the use of the term “based on,” above and in the claims, is intended to mean… Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 44 / 80 38 / 38 “based at least in part on”, so that an unmentioned feature or element is also permitted.

[0105] The subject described herein may be incorporated into systems, devices, methods, and / or articles, depending on the desired configuration. The implementations presented in the preceding description do not represent all implementations consistent with the subject described herein. Instead, they are merely some examples consistent with aspects related to the subject described. Although some variations have been described in detail above, other modifications or additions are possible. In particular, other features and / or variations may be provided in addition to those presented herein. For example, the implementations described above may be directed to various combinations and subcombinations of the disclosed features and / or combinations and subcombinations of several other features disclosed above. Furthermore, the logical flows represented in the attached figures and / or described herein do not necessarily require the specific order shown, or sequential order, to achieve the desired results.Other implementations may fall within the scope of the following claims. Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 45 / 80

Claims

1 / 7 CLAIMS 1. Treatment system, characterized in that it comprises: a handpiece having a window disposed at one end, the window being configured to come into direct contact with the tissue; a first source of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in communication with the handpiece, the first EMR source being configured to emit pulsed treatment radiation along a nominal optical axis through the window; a second EMR source disposed within the handpiece, the second EMR source being configured to illuminate the contacted tissue at an illumination angle substantially oblique to the nominal optical axis; an optical arrangement disposed within the handpiece, the nominal optical axis extending through the optical arrangement; a first galvanometer in communication with the optical arrangement, the first galvanometer being configured to adjust a setting of the optical arrangement;and a controller in communication with the handpiece and the first REM source, the controller being configured to manipulate the optical array configuration via the first galvanometer to alter an emission angle of the pulsed treatment radiation relative to the nominal optical axis and during a pulse duration of the pulsed treatment radiation, the controller being configured to alter a wavelength of the second REM source based on a detected tissue marker of the contacted tissue.

2. Treatment system, according to claim 1, characterized in that the second REM source comprises a plurality of second REM sources, each at an angle substantially oblique with respect to the nominal optical axis.

3. Treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that the plurality of secondary REM sources are arranged in a substantially ring-shaped geometry around the nominal optical axis.

4. Treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the plurality of second REM sources is configured to emit light at a discrete wavelength, and wherein at least two sources in the plurality of second REM sources are configured to emit light at different wavelengths.

5. Treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical arrangement includes an imaging lens configured to receive backscattered light emitted by the second REM source reflected from the contacted tissue.

6. Treatment system according to claim 5, characterized in that the controller is configured to identify the tissue marker based on the received backscattered light.

7. Treatment system, according to claim 5, characterized in that the imaging lens includes an adjustable iris configured to optimize an f-number of the imaging lens.

8. Treatment system according to claim 5, characterized in that the f-number of the image lens varies between about 5.2 and 8.

2.

9. Treatment system according to claim 5, characterized in that, at the marginal focus and quarter-wavelength of spherical aberration, 4A(F / #)2 is approximately equal to between 50pm and 120μ™, where: λ is one or more discrete wavelengths in nm, and (F / #) is the f-number of the imaging lens. Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 47 / 80 3 / 7 10. Treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical arrangement includes a high AN lens with an AN of 0.3 or greater.

11. Treatment system, according to claim 1, characterized in that the first galvanometer is configured to manipulate the optical arrangement to adjust the emission angle based on the velocity of the window relative to the contacted tissue.

12. Treatment system according to claim 11, characterized in that the first galvanometer is configured to manipulate the optical arrangement to adjust the emission angle in at least two degrees of freedom.

13. Treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises: a second galvanometer in communication with the optical arrangement, wherein the first galvanometer is configured to adjust the configuration of the optical arrangement to alter the emission angle around a first axis and the second galvanometer is configured to adjust the configuration of the optical arrangement to alter the emission angle around a second axis, the first axis being substantially perpendicular to the second axis.

14. Treatment system, characterized in that it comprises: an elongated housing that defines a central longitudinal axis, the elongated housing including a window disposed in the housing and crossing the central longitudinal axis, the window being configured to come into contact with the tissue during a treatment process; an REM source operatively coupled to the elongated housing and configured to emit a treatment beam towards the window, the treatment beam being emitted along a treatment path that is substantially parallel to the central longitudinal axis; at least one light source disposed in the elongated housing and radially offset from the central longitudinal axis, at least one light source being configured to emit a detection beam towards the window;An optical array housed within the elongated housing, the optical array being configured to direct and shape the emitted treatment beam; a first galvanometer communicating with the optical array, the first galvanometer being configured to adjust a setting of the optical array; and a controller communicating with the REM source and the first galvanometer, the controller being configured to manipulate the setting of the optical array via the first galvanometer to alter an emission angle of the treatment beam relative to the longitudinal axis, the controller being configured to alter a wavelength of the detection beam based on a detected tissue marker of the contacted tissue.

15. Treatment system according to claim 14, characterized in that the wavelength is adjustable between about 390 nm and 650 nm.

16. Treatment system 14, characterized by the fact that the wavelength is proportional to the detected tissue marker.

17. Treatment system according to claim 14, characterized in that at least one light source comprises a plurality of light sources, each arranged at a substantially oblique angle with respect to the longitudinal axis.

18. Treatment system, according to claim 17, characterized in that the plurality of light sources is arranged in a substantially ring-shaped geometry.

19. A treatment system according to claim 17, characterized in that each of the plurality of light sources is configured to emit light at a discrete wavelength, and wherein at least two light sources in the plurality of light sources are configured to emit light at different discrete wavelengths.

20. Treatment system, according to claim 14, characterized in that the first galvanometer is configured to manipulate the optical arrangement to adjust the emission angle based on the velocity of the window relative to the contacted tissue.

21. Treatment system according to claim 20, characterized in that the first galvanometer is configured to manipulate the optical arrangement to adjust the emission angle by at least two degrees of movement.

22. Treatment system according to claim 14, characterized in that the REM source is configured to deliver the treatment radiation in a pulse duration, wherein the pulse duration varies between about 3 and 10 ms.

23. Treatment system according to claim 14, characterized in that it further comprises: a second galvanometer operatively coupled to the optical arrangement, wherein the first galvanometer is configured to manipulate the optical arrangement to alter the emission angle around a first axis and the second galvanometer is configured to manipulate the optical arrangement to alter the emission angle around a second axis, the first axis being substantially perpendicular to the second axis.

24. Method, characterized in that it comprises: Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 50 / 80 6 / 7 detecting the first backscattered light reflected from a first portion of tissue in contact with a laser treatment device, the backscattered light characterizing the respective initial positions of one or more points of interest in the first portion relative to the laser treatment device; moving the laser treatment device from the first portion of tissue to a second portion of tissue; detecting a second backscattered light reflected from a second portion of tissue as the laser treatment device moves from the first portion of tissue to the second portion of tissue, the second backscattered light characterizing the respective secondary positions of one or more points of interest in the second portion relative to the laser treatment device;To determine a speed of the laser treatment device relative to the tissue based on the respective initial and secondary positions of one or more points of interest; to deliver at least one pulse of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) to the tissue with the laser treatment device for a pulse duration while the laser treatment device is moving along the tissue; and to adjust, based on the determined speed, an emission angle of at least one EMR pulse during the pulse duration, the emission angle being defined relative to a nominal optical axis of the laser treatment device.

25. Method according to claim 24, characterized in that at least one laser pulse delivers between about 30 and 150 mJ to the tissue during the pulse duration.

26. Method, according to claim 24, characterized in that the adjustment comprises altering an orientation of Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 51 / 80 7 / 7 an optical arrangement disposed in the laser treatment device using a first galvanometer.

27. Method according to claim 24, characterized in that it further comprises: determining a dwell time based on an amount of energy delivered to the tissue during the pulse duration and a power of the laser treatment device.

28. Method according to claim 27, characterized in that it further comprises: determining a velocity compensation vector based on the speed of the laser treatment device and the determined dwell time; and adjusting the emission angle based on the determined velocity compensation vector.

29. Method according to claim 27, characterized in that the velocity compensation vector is determined approximately every 50 to 100 ms. Petition 870250088687, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pp. 52 / 80

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