Stable oil-in-water microemulsion compositions

Description

1 / 65 “STABLE OIL-IN-WATER MICROEMULSION COMPOSITIONS” CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[001] This application claims priority over U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 465,435, filed May 10, 2023, and entitled “STABLE OIL-IN-WATER MICROEMULSION COMPOSITIONS”, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in the present invention in its entirety. REFERENCE ON FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

[002] Not applicable. SEQUENCE LISTING

[003] Not applicable. BACKGROUND 1. Technology Field

[004] The present disclosure relates to an insecticidal composition and, more particularly, to a stable oil-in-water microemulsion composition comprising at least one of cedar oil, lemongrass oil, peppermint oil, rosemary oil, and sesame oil, isopropyl alcohol, and water. 2. Description of Background

[005] Insecticidal compositions have been used for many years to prevent insects from attacking humans, animals, and crops. In recent years, consumers have expressed a preference for insecticidal products containing natural active ingredients based on essential oils rather than products containing synthetic pesticides or others, including products containing inert ingredients. Among insecticides containing essential oils, water-based products are generally preferred by consumers because water-based products tend to have a milder odor and leave less residue or stains on the applied surface than their oil-based counterparts. However, most water-based insecticidal products Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 9 / 88 2 / 65 products on the market require more than 5% emulsifiers, surfactants, and co-surfactants, particularly sodium lauryl sulfate, to create stable essential oil-in-water microemulsions. This higher concentration of emulsifiers, surfactants, and co-surfactants often results in undesirable foam formation during product application.

[006] It is always desirable to have water-based insecticidal compositions that can be applied to both humans and pets and comprise essential oil-based actives and inert ingredients with minimal health risk. It is also desirable to have water-based insecticidal compositions with a reduced concentration of emulsifiers, surfactants, and co-surfactants, particularly sodium lauryl sulfate, while still maintaining stable oil-in-water microemulsions. SUMMARY

[007] A pest control composition comprising at least one active component, a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, an alcohol, a salt, and water is disclosed in the present invention. It is demonstrated that the compositions described in the present invention unexpectedly provide stable oil-in-water microemulsions capable of effectively and efficiently killing insects.

[008] In one aspect, the aforementioned pest control composition further includes at least one additive. In some embodiments, the at least one additive may be selected from glycerin, mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E), and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the at least one additive comprises from about 0.50% by weight to about 2.00% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the at least one additive has 0.50% by weight of glycerin, based on the total weight of the composition.

[009] In another aspect, at least one active component may be Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 10 / 88 3 / 65 selected from cedar oil, lemongrass oil, rosemary oil, peppermint oil, sesame oil, and any combinations thereof. In one embodiment, at least one active component comprises at least one of cedar oil, lemongrass oil, peppermint oil, rosemary oil, sesame oil, and any combinations thereof. In one embodiment, at least one active component comprises cedar oil, lemongrass oil, and sesame oil. In one embodiment, at least one active component comprises cedar oil, peppermint oil, and sesame oil. In one embodiment, at least one active component comprises cedar oil, rosemary oil, and sesame oil. In one embodiment, at least one active component comprises cedar oil and sesame oil. In one embodiment, at least one active component comprises rosemary oil.In one embodiment, at least one active component comprises cedar oil and lemongrass oil. In another embodiment, at least one active component comprises lemongrass oil and rosemary oil. In another embodiment, at least one active component comprises cedar oil. In another aspect, the percentage by weight of at least one active component is about 5.80% by weight to about 9.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[010] In one aspect, the composition includes a primary surfactant. In some embodiments, the composition may include about 2.20% by weight of primary surfactant, based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the primary surfactant may be sodium lauryl sulfate.

[011] In another aspect, the composition includes a secondary surfactant. In some embodiments, the secondary surfactant may be selected from polyglyceryl-4 oleate, polyglyceryl oleate, decaglycerol monostearate, and any combinations thereof. In some embodiments, about 2.25% by weight to about 4.50% by weight of the composition is secondary surfactant, based on the total weight of the composition. Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 11 / 88 4 / 65

[012] The composition includes a total surfactant component which includes a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant. In some embodiments, the composition has about 2.80% by weight to about 6.70% by weight of total surfactant component, based on the total weight of the composition.

[013] In one aspect, the composition includes alcohol. In some embodiments, the composition may include from about 2.00% by weight to about 15.0% by weight of alcohol, or from about 5.00% by weight to about 10.0% by weight of alcohol, based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the alcohol may be isopropyl alcohol.

[014] In another aspect, approximately 74.0% by weight to approximately 82.0% by weight of the composition may be water, based on the total weight of the composition.

[015] In one aspect, the composition includes salt. In some embodiments, the composition may include from about 0.50% by weight to about 3.00% by weight of salt, or about 2.00% by weight of salt, based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the salt may be sodium chloride.

[016] In one embodiment, the pest control composition including at least one active component, a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, an alcohol, a salt, and water has an insect / arthropod inactivation rate in 30 seconds greater than or equal to about 90% against grain moth, fruit fly, mosquito, carpenter ant, Argentine ant, Pharaoh ant, earwig, centipede, house fly, and German cockroach as measured by the Insect / Arthropod Inactivation and Mortality Test and the Cockroach Direct Spray Test.

[017] In one embodiment, the pest control composition including at least one active component, a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, an alcohol, a salt, and water has a 24-hour insect / arthropod mortality rate of approximately 100% against Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 12 / 88 5 / 65 grain moth, housefly, fruit fly, mosquito, carpenter ant, Argentine ant, Pharaoh ant, earwig, common house spider, centipede, and German cockroach, as measured by the Insect / Arthropod Inactivation and Mortality Test.

[018] In one embodiment, the pest control composition including at least one active component, a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, an alcohol, a salt, and water has an insect / arthropod inactivation rate in 30 seconds greater than or equal to about 90% against German cockroaches and an insect mortality rate in 24 hours of more than about 90% against American cockroaches, and 100% against German cockroaches, as measured by the Direct Cockroach Spray Test.

[019] In one embodiment, the pest control composition including at least one active component, a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, an alcohol, a salt, and water has a 24-hour arthropod mortality rate of approximately 100% against brown dog tick as measured by the Direct Tick Spray Test.

[020] In one embodiment, the pest control composition including at least one active component, a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, an alcohol, a salt, and water has a 24-hour arthropod mortality rate of approximately 100% against cat fleas as measured by the Direct Flea Spray Test.

[021] In one embodiment, the pest control composition including at least one active component, a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, an alcohol, a salt, and water has an insect inactivation rate in 30 seconds greater than or equal to about 90% and an insect mortality rate in 24 hours of about 100% against grain moth, fruit fly, mosquito, carpenter ant, Argentine ant, ant Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 13 / 88 6 / 65 Pharaoh, earwig, centipede, housefly, and German cockroach as measured by the Insect / Arthropod Inactivation and Mortality Test and the Cockroach Direct Spray Test.

[022] The present disclosure also describes a method of killing insects comprising applying to a surface in need thereof a composition including at least one active component, a total surfactant component which includes a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, an alcohol, a salt, and water. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[023] In the field of pest control, it is known that consumers desire a product containing fewer synthetic pesticides and inert ingredients while providing high efficacy for the inactivation and / or death of insects. Furthermore, it is also desirable that the pest control product be water-based, providing a milder odor and less residue on an applied surface, compared to some oil-based products. Additionally, for water-based pest control products, it would be advantageous for a lower concentration of emulsifiers, surfactants, and co-surfactants to be used in the product to reduce undesirable foaming. A reversible emulsion composition for pest control is disclosed in the present invention, comprising at least one active component, a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, an alcohol, a salt, and water.

[024] Although specific values ​​chosen for ranges for various modalities are recited, it should be understood that, within the scope of the revelation, the concentrations of components may vary to suit different applications, and also that each of the individual values ​​within the ranges are expressly contemplated by the present revelation.

[025] One aspect of the revealed technology includes an emulsion composition. An emulsion is defined as a mixture of two or more liquids that are Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 14 / 88 7 / 65 normally immiscible (unmixable or non-combinable) due to liquid-liquid phase separation. In some embodiments, the emulsion composition is reversible. In the present disclosure, a reversible emulsion refers to the property of the composition to undergo a reversible phase change (emulsify and / or demulsify). In certain cases, the emulsion composition may demulsify at high or low temperatures (i.e., about 10 °C or more above ambient temperature or about 10 °C or more below ambient temperature, or about 20 °C or more above ambient temperature or about 20 °C or more below ambient temperature). A 'reversible emulsion' or 'stable emulsion' composition has the property of returning to a homogeneous, substantially clear phase at ambient temperature with little or no physical agitation, such as stirring or shaking. An unstable emulsion may not return to a homogeneous, clear phase at room temperature (23 °C).Conversely, an unstable emulsion can only return to a homogeneous, clear phase at room temperature under continuous and / or vigorous physical agitation.

[026] One aspect of the disclosed technology comprises at least one active component. An 'active component' is a component of the composition that imparts the intended effect of the composition. In the present disclosure, the intended effect of the composition includes pest control by pest inactivation and / or pest mortality. In some embodiments, the at least one active component may include an essential oil. 'Essential oils' are defined as concentrated hydrophobic liquids containing volatile chemical compounds from plants. In some embodiments, the at least one active component may include cedarwood oil, lemongrass oil, rosemary oil, peppermint oil, sesame oil, or any combination thereof.

[027] Under certain circumstances, the composition may include one or more ingredients eligible for minimal-risk pesticide products that are exempt from Federal regulations. Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 15 / 88 8 / 65 Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) under the Minimum Risk Exemption regulations in 40 US Code of Federal Regulations 152.25(f), for example, including, but not limited to, those listed as Active Ingredients Permitted in Exempted Minimum Risk Pesticide Products in 40 US Code of Federal Regulations 152.25(f).

[028] The compositions of the present disclosure, and the active component thereof, may also include other active ingredients except, or in addition to, essential oils.

[029] In certain embodiments, the composition comprises cedar oil. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.5% and about 15% by weight of cedar oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.6% and about 14% by weight of cedar oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.8% and about 12% by weight of cedar oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.9% and about 11% by weight of cedar oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 1% and about 10% by weight of cedar oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between approximately 2% and approximately 8% by weight of cedar oil, based on the total weight of the composition.In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 3% and about 7% by weight of cedar oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 4% and about 6% by weight of cedar oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 4% and about 5% by weight of cedar oil, based on the total weight of the composition. According to exemplary embodiments, cedar oil is present in an amount of about 1.5%, about 4.2%, about... Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 16 / 88 9 / 65 of 5.7%, and approximately 9.0% by weight of the total composition. Although the specific values ​​chosen for this embodiment are stated, it should be understood that, within the scope of the disclosure, the concentrations of cedar oil may vary to suit different applications. The concentration ranges of cedar oil will vary based on the concentrations of the additional components of the composition, including, but not limited to, the total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, alcohol, salt, and water.

[030] In certain embodiments, the composition comprises sesame oil. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.001% and about 1% by weight of sesame oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.003% and about 0.8% by weight of sesame oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.005% and about 0.6% by weight of sesame oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.01% and about 0.5% by weight of sesame oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.03% and about 0.4% by weight of sesame oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain formulations, the composition comprises between approximately 0.04% and approximately 0.3% by weight of sesame oil, based on the total weight of the composition.In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.05% and about 0.2% by weight of sesame oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.08% and about 0.15% by weight of sesame oil, based on the total weight of the composition. According to an exemplary embodiment, sesame oil is present in an amount of about 0.1% by weight of the total composition. Although the specific values ​​chosen for this embodiment are stated, it should be understood that, within the scope of the disclosure, the concentrations of the oil... Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 17 / 88 Sesame oil concentrations (10 / 65) may vary to suit different applications. Sesame oil concentration ranges will vary based on the concentrations of additional components in the insecticidal composition, including, but not limited to, a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, alcohol, salt, and water.

[031] In certain embodiments, the composition comprises lemongrass oil. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.001% and about 10.0% by weight of lemongrass oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.50% and about 8.00% by weight of lemongrass oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 1.00% and about 5.00% by weight of lemongrass oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 1.00% and about 4.50% by weight of lemongrass oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain formulations, the composition comprises between approximately 0.80% and approximately 5.50% by weight of lemongrass oil, based on the total weight of the composition.In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.90% and about 4.60% by weight of lemongrass oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.95% and about 4.75% by weight of lemongrass oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 1.40% and about 4.60% by weight of lemongrass oil, based on the total weight of the composition. According to exemplary embodiments, lemongrass oil is present in an amount of about 1.50%, about 3.0%, and about 4.5% by weight of the total composition. Although the specific values ​​chosen for this embodiment are stated, it should be understood that, within the scope of the disclosure, the concentrations of lemongrass oil may vary to suit different applications. Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 18 / 88 11 / 65 The concentration ranges of lemongrass oil will vary based on the concentrations of the additional components of the insecticidal composition, including, but not limited to, a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, alcohol, salt, and water.

[032] In certain embodiments, the composition comprises rosemary oil. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.001% and about 10.0% by weight of rosemary oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.50% and about 8.00% by weight of rosemary oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 1.00% and about 7.00% by weight of rosemary oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 1.00% and about 6.50% by weight of rosemary oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.80% and about 6.00% by weight of rosemary oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain formulations, the composition comprises between approximately 0.90% and approximately 6.60% by weight of rosemary oil, based on the total weight of the composition.In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.95% and about 6.75% by weight of rosemary oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 1.40% and about 6.50% by weight of rosemary oil, based on the total weight of the composition. According to exemplary embodiments, rosemary oil is present in an amount of about 1.50%, about 3.0%, and about 6.0% by weight of the total composition. Although the specific values ​​chosen for this embodiment are stated, it should be understood that, within the scope of the disclosure, the concentrations of rosemary oil may vary to suit different applications. The concentration ranges of rosemary oil will vary based on the concentrations of the additional components of the insecticidal composition, including, but not limited to. Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 19 / 88 12 / 65 limited to, total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, alcohol, salt, and water.

[033] In certain embodiments, the composition comprises peppermint oil. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.001% and about 2% by weight of peppermint oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.1% and about 1.8% by weight of peppermint oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.5% and about 1.6% by weight of peppermint oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.1% and about 2.5% by weight of peppermint oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.3% and about 1.8% by weight of peppermint oil, based on the total weight of the composition.In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.8% and about 1.8% by weight of peppermint oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 1.3% and about 1.8% by weight of peppermint oil, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 1.2% and about 1.75% by weight of peppermint oil, based on the total weight of the composition. According to an exemplary embodiment, peppermint oil is present in an amount of about 1.5% by weight of the total composition. Although the specific values ​​chosen for this embodiment are stated, it should be understood that, within the scope of the disclosure, the concentrations of peppermint oil may vary to suit different applications.The concentration ranges of peppermint oil will vary based on the concentrations of the additional components of the insecticidal composition, including, but not limited to, a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant. Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 20 / 88 13 / 65 alcohol, salt, and water.

[034] Another aspect of the disclosed technology is a total surfactant component. The total surfactant component includes a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant. A surfactant is defined as a compound that lowers the surface tension between two liquids, between a gas and a liquid, or the interfacial tension between a liquid and a solid. 'Surfactant' may also be referred to as 'emulsifier' in the present disclosure. In some embodiments, a primary surfactant may include sodium lauryl sulfate. In other embodiments, a secondary surfactant may include polyglyceryl-4 oleate, polyglyceryl oleate, decaglycerol monostearate, or any combination thereof.

[035] To create stable oil-in-water emulsion compositions, surfactants are typically used in concentrations of more than 5%. This is demonstrated in U.S. Patent 10,752,785, U.S. Patent 8,778,910, U.S. Patent Application Publication 2010 / 0173782, U.S. Patent 10,980,888, U.S. Patent 11,535,793, and U.S. Patent Application Publication 2006 / 0165739, each of which is incorporated, in its entirety and for all purposes, into the present invention. Unexpectedly, stable emulsion compositions have been created containing less than about 5% total surfactant component by weight. Even more surprisingly, stable emulsion compositions have been created including less than 3% total surfactant component by weight. In one embodiment, the composition may include from about 2.80% to about 4.50% of total surfactant component based on the weight of the total composition. The stable emulsion compositions disclosed in the present invention can be used with a wide variety of active components.Additionally, the stable emulsion compositions as disclosed in the present invention have a lower viscosity compared to compositions with more than 5% surfactant, which allows the presently disclosed stable emulsion composition to be used with various different release systems, including, but not limited to, Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 21 / 88 14 / 65 aerosols, trigger sprayers, mists, etc. Additionally, the lower concentration of surfactants used in the stable emulsion compositions disclosed in the present invention results in reduced foam formation of the composition during use.

[036] In certain embodiments, the composition comprises a total surfactant component including primary and secondary surfactants. As used in the present invention, “surfactant” and “emulsifier” are equivalent. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.1% to about 6.7% by weight of total surfactant component, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.3% to about 6.0% by weight of total surfactant component, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.5% to about 5.5% by weight of total surfactant component, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 1% to about 5% by weight of total surfactant component, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 1.5% to about 5.0% by weight of total surfactant component, based on the total weight of the composition.In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 2.5% to about 4.5% by weight of total surfactant component, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the total surfactant component is selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate, polyglyceryl oleate, decaglycerol monostearate, and any combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the total surfactant component comprises sodium lauryl sulfate. In certain embodiments, the total surfactant component comprises at least one of polyglyceryl oleate and decaglycerol monostearate. In certain embodiments, the total surfactant component comprises sodium lauryl sulfate, and at least one of polyglyceryl oleate and decaglycerol monostearate. In certain embodiments, polyglyceryl oleate is selected from... Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 22 / 88 15 / 65 of the group consisting of polyglyceryl-4 oleate, polyglyceryl-3 oleate, polyglyceryl-10 monooleate, polyglyceryl-10 dioleate, and any combinations thereof. It is anticipated that other surfactants may be used, including, but not limited to, those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 8,778,910, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and for any purpose.

[037] In certain embodiments, the composition comprises a primary surfactant. In some embodiments, the primary surfactant may be sodium lauryl sulfate. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.8% to about 4.5% by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 1% to about 4% by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 1.5% to about 3.5% by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 2% to about 3% by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate, based on the total weight of the composition.In certain embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 2% to approximately 2.5% by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate, based on the total weight of the composition.

[038] In certain embodiments, the composition comprises a secondary surfactant. In some embodiments, the secondary surfactant may be polyglyceryl oleate or decaglycerol monostearate. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.4% to about 5% by weight of polyglyceryl oleate, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.5% to about 4.5% by weight of polyglyceryl oleate, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.5% to about 4% by weight of polyglyceryl oleate, based on the total weight of the Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 23 / 88 16 / 65 composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.6% to about 3.5% by weight of polyglyceryl oleate, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 2.3% or 4.5% by weight of polyglyceryl oleate, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.5% to about 4% by weight of decaglycerol monostearate, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 1% to about 3% by weight of decaglycerol monostearate, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 1.5% to about 2.5% by weight of decaglycerol monostearate, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 2% by weight of decaglycerol monostearate, based on the total weight of the composition.

[039] Although specific values ​​chosen for the exemplified embodiments are recited, it should be understood that, within the scope of the disclosure, the concentrations of primary surfactant, secondary surfactant, and total surfactant component may vary to suit different applications. The concentration ranges of primary surfactant, secondary surfactant, and total surfactant component will vary based on the additional components of the insecticidal composition, including, but not limited to, at least one active component, isopropyl alcohol, salt, and water.

[040] Another aspect of the composition includes an alcohol. An alcohol is defined as any of a class of organic compounds characterized by one or more hydroxyl groups (—OH) attached to a carbon atom of an alkyl group (hydrocarbon chain). In some embodiments, the alcohol may be isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, butanol, or isobutanol. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.1% and about 30% by weight of isopropyl alcohol, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 24 / 88 17 / 65 between about 0.5% and about 25% by weight of isopropyl alcohol, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 1% and about 20% by weight of isopropyl alcohol, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 1.5% and about 19% by weight of isopropyl alcohol, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 2% and about 18% by weight of isopropyl alcohol, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 2.5% and about 16% by weight of isopropyl alcohol, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 3% and about 15% by weight of isopropyl alcohol, based on the total weight of the composition.In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 4% and about 12% by weight of isopropyl alcohol, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises between about 5% and about 10% by weight of isopropyl alcohol, based on the total weight of the composition. According to exemplary embodiments, isopropyl alcohol is present in an amount between about 5%, about 6.2%, or about 10% by weight of the total composition. Although the specific values ​​chosen for these embodiments are stated, it should be understood that, within the scope of the disclosure, the concentrations of isopropyl alcohol may vary to suit different applications, and that each of the individual values ​​within the ranges are contemplated by the present disclosure.The concentration ranges of isopropyl alcohol will vary based on the concentrations of the additional components of the composition, including, but not limited to, at least one active component, total surfactant component including primary surfactant and secondary surfactant, salt, and water.

[041] In another aspect, the composition disclosed in the present invention may also include a salt. A 'salt' is defined as a chemical compound consisting of Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 25 / 88 18 / 65 in an ionic assembly of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. The salt is anticipated to include, but is not limited to, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and the like, including mono-, di-, and trivalent salts. In one embodiment, the salt may be sodium chloride. In some embodiments, the composition may include from about 0.50% by weight to about 5.00% by weight of salt, from about 1.00% by weight to about 3.00% by weight of salt, or from about 2.00% by weight of salt, based on the total weight of the composition.

[042] In another aspect, the composition may contain at least one additive. An 'additive' is defined as a substance added to the composition to improve or preserve the composition. In some embodiments, additives may include mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E), glycerin, and any combination thereof. Additives may include excipients, buffers, or substances intended to alter the pH of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.2% to about 8% by weight of at least one additive, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.4% to about 3.5% by weight of at least one additive, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1% to about 7% by weight of at least one additive, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2% to about 5% by weight of at least one additive, based on the total weight of the composition.In certain embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 2.5% to approximately 4% by weight of at least one additive, based on the total weight of the composition. Although specific values ​​chosen for the exemplified embodiments are stated, it should be understood that, within the scope of the disclosure, the concentration of at least one additive may vary to suit different applications. The concentration ranges of at least one additive will vary based on the additional components of the composition, including, but not limited to. Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 26 / 88 19 / 65 a, at least one active component, total surfactant component including a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, alcohol, salt, and water.

[043] In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 60% to about 90% by weight of water, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 63% to about 88% by weight of water, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 65% to about 85% by weight of water, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 70% to about 83% by weight of water, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises about 75% to about 82% by weight of water, based on the total weight of the composition. According to an exemplary embodiment, water is present in an amount of approximately 81.64%, approximately 75.77%, approximately 78.52%, approximately 76.02%, approximately 77.02%, or approximately 80.14% by weight of the total composition.Although specific values ​​chosen for these formulations are stated, it should be understood that, within the scope of the formulation, water concentrations may vary to suit different applications. Water concentration ranges will vary based on the additional components of the composition, including, but not limited to, at least one active ingredient, total surfactant component including a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, alcohol, and salt.

[044] Unexpectedly, a stable emulsion composition does not form when any of a primary surfactant, a secondary surfactant, a salt, or an alcohol is absent from the composition. Also surprisingly, a stable emulsion composition does form with the addition of one active component, two active components, or three active components. In some embodiments, the active components in stable emulsion compositions include, for example: i) cedar oil, lemongrass oil, and sesame oil Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 27 / 88 20 / 65 ii) cedar oil, peppermint oil, and sesame oil iii) cedar oil, rosemary oil, and sesame oil iv) cedar oil and sesame oil v) rosemary oil vi) lemongrass oil and rosemary oil vii) cedar oil

[045] Additionally, a stable emulsion composition is formed when the weight percentage of at least one active component or the cumulative weight percentage of two or more active components represents a value as low as about 5.80% by weight of the total composition to as high as about 9.00% by weight of the total composition.

[046] In another aspect of the disclosed technology, the emulsion composition can be used for pest control. Surprisingly, the previously described emulsion composition is effective in causing the inactivation or death of a range of insects (e.g., acting as an insecticide). The emulsion composition has inactivation or mortality efficacies on one or more pests, including flies, ants, cockroaches, spiders, mosquitoes, fruit flies, moths, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the emulsion composition may demonstrate effectiveness in controlling pests such as Campanotus floridanus, Blatella germanica, Aedes aegypti, Musca domestica, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Euborellia annulipes, Thermobia domestica, Monomorium pharaonic, Linepithema humile, Parasteatoda tepidariorum, Periplaneta americana, Drosophila melanogaster, Plodia interpunctella, or any combination thereof.

[047] In some embodiments, the emulsion composition can be applied to a person, a surface, an area, or an animal in need of pest control.

[048] It was unexpectedly discovered that an insecticidal composition Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 28 / 88 21 / 65 including at least one active component, a total surfactant component including a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant, an alcohol, a salt, and water provides a stable oil-in-water microemulsion that protects both humans and pets, and is effective against insects of interest such as, for example, ants, fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, and other pests. Additionally, the compositions are reversible in nature—if the composition undergoes phase changes at low and / or high temperatures, it returns to a clear homogeneous phase at room temperature, with or without gentle shaking. Typically, to create stable oil-in-water microemulsions, emulsifiers or surfactants, for example sodium lauryl sulfate, are used in concentrations considerably higher than 5% to maintain a stable oil-in-water microemulsion.As described in the present disclosure, stable oil-in-water microemulsions were created with only 4.2% total emulsifier / surfactant concentration (in the present invention, the total surfactant component). Furthermore, the compositions described in the present invention exhibit stable pH and provide parity efficacy against the insects of interest. Finally, the compositions described in the present invention are of low viscosity, allowing their use with various different delivery systems (e.g., aerosols, trigger sprayers, mists, etc.).

[049] The compositions described in the present invention feature stable oil-in-water microemulsions that are highly effective in inactivating and killing pests. In particular, the composition described in the present invention achieves a pest inactivation rate of up to 100% within 30 seconds, and a pest mortality rate of up to 100% within 24 hours. In certain embodiments, the composition has a 30-second insect inactivation rate greater than or equal to about 90% and a 24-hour insect mortality rate of about 100%, as measured by the methods described below. In some embodiments, the composition has a 30-second insect inactivation rate greater than or equal to about 90% and Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 29 / 88 22 / 65 has a 24-hour insect mortality rate of approximately 100% against grain moths, fruit flies, mosquitoes, carpenter ants, Argentine ants, Pharaoh ants, earwigs, centipede ants, houseflies, and German cockroaches as measured by the Insect / Arthropod Inactivation and Mortality Test. In another embodiment, the composition has a 24-hour arthropod mortality rate of approximately 100% against cat fleas as measured by the Direct Flea Spray Test. In some embodiments, the composition has a 24-hour arthropod mortality rate of approximately 100% against brown dog ticks as measured by the Direct Tick Spray Test.In some embodiments, the composition has a 30-second insect inactivation rate greater than or equal to approximately 90% against the German cockroach and a 24-hour insect mortality rate of approximately >90% against the American cockroach, and 100% against the German cockroach as measured by the Direct Cockroach Spray Test. In other embodiments, the composition has a 24-hour insect mortality rate of approximately 100% against the grain moth, housefly, fruit fly, mosquito, carpenter ant, Argentine ant, Pharaoh ant, earwig, common house spider, centipede, and German cockroach, as measured by the Insect / Arthropod Inactivation and Mortality Test.In other embodiments, the composition has a 30-second insect inactivation rate greater than or equal to approximately 90% against grain moth, fruit fly, mosquito, carpenter ant, Argentine ant, Pharaoh ant, earwig, centipede, housefly, and German cockroach, as measured by the Insect / Arthropod Inactivation and Mortality Test.

[050] The present disclosure also describes a method of killing insects including applying to a surface in need thereof, a reversible emulsion composition for pest control, including at least one active component, the total surfactant component including the primary surfactant and the surfactant Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 30 / 88 23 / 65 secondary, salt, and water. “Apply” may include cleaning, spraying, pouring, or directing the surface closely adjacent to the composition, or otherwise exposing a surface to the composition.

[051] Other plant-based insecticidal natural oils, natural oil extracts, or natural oil fractions that may be contained in the embodiments of the compositions described in the present invention may include neem oil, karanja oil, clove oil, thyme oil, oregano oil, garlic oil, anise oil, lime oil, lavender oil, thymol (found in oregano oil and thyme oil), p-cymene (found in oregano oil and thyme oil), 1,8-cineole (found in thyme oil and peppermint oil), eugenol (found in clove oil and cinnamon oil), limonene (found in cinnamon, peppermint, and lime oil), alpha-pinene (found in cinnamon oil, geranium oil, and lime oil), carvacrol (found in oregano oil, thyme and clove oil), gamma-terpinene (found in oregano oil and lime oil), geraniol (found in thyme oil and geranium oil),Alpha-terpineol (found in thyme oil and anise oil), beta-caryophyllene (found in clove oil, cinnamon oil, and peppermint oil), and linalool (found in thyme oil, cinnamon oil, and geranium oil, among others), or mixtures thereof. In other embodiments, the natural insecticidal oil may comprise any oil having as a constituent one of the following compounds, or a combination of the following compounds: azadirachtin, nimbin, nimbinin, salannin, gedunin, geraniol, geranial, gamma-terpinene, alpha-terpineol, beta-caryophyllene, terpinen-4-ol, myrcenol-8, thujanol-4, benzyl alcohol, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl acetate, alpha-pinene, geranyl acetate, citronellol, citronellyl formate, isomenthone, 10-epi-gamma-eudesmol, 1,5-dimethyl-1-vinyl-4-hexenylbutyrate, 1,3,7-octatriene, eucalyptol, camphor, diallyl disulfide, methyl allyl trisulfide, 3-vinyl-4H-1,2-dithiin, 3-vinyl-1,2 dithiol-5-cyclohexane, diallyl trisulfide, anethole, methyl cavicol,anisaldehyde, ursol, linalyl acetate, geranial, betapinene, thymol, carvacrol, Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 31 / 88 24 / 65 p-cymene, beta-myrcene, alpha-myrcene, 1,8-cineole, eugenol, limonene, alpha-pinene, menthol, menthone, linalool, or mixtures thereof.

[052] In further embodiments, other plant-based essential oils or extracts or fractions thereof that may be contained in the embodiments of the compositions described in this invention may comprise alpha- or beta-pinene; alpha-campholenic aldehyde; alpha-citronellol; alpha-iso-amyl-cinnamic (e.g., amyl cinnamic aldehyde); alpha-pinene oxide; alpha-cinnamic terpinene; alpha-terpineol (e.g., 1-methyl-4-isopropyl-1-cyclohexen-8-ol); lambda-terpinene; achillea; C16 aldehyde (pure); allicin; alpha-phellandrene; amyl cinnamic aldehyde; amyl salicylate; anethole; anise; anise seed; anisic aldehyde; basil; bay leaf; benzyl acetate; benzyl alcohol; bergamot (e.g., Monardia fistulosa, Monarda didyma, Citrus bergamia, Monarda punctata); bitter orange peel; black pepper; borneol; calamus; camphor; cananga oil (e.g., Java); cardamom; clove (e.g., Dianthus caryophyllus); carvacrol; carveol; cassia; castor oil; cedar (e.g., hinoki);chamomile; cineole; cinnamaldehyde; cinnamic alcohol; cis-pinane; citral (e.g., 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal); citronella; citronellal; dextro citronellol (e.g., 3-7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol); citronellol; citronellyl acetate; citronellyl nitrile; Citrus unshiu; clary sage; clove (e.g., Eugenia caryophyllus); clove bud; coriander; corn; cottonseed; d-dihydrocarvone; decyl aldehyde; diallyl disulfide; diethyl phthalate; dihydroanethole; dihydrocarveol; dihydrolinalool; dihydromyrcene; dihydromyrcenol; dihydromyrcenyl acetate; dihydroterpineol; dimethyl salicylate; dimethyloctanal; dimethyloctanol; dimethyloctanyl acetate; diphenyl oxide; dipropylene glycol; d-limonene; d-pulegone; estragole; ethyl vanillin (e.g., 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde); eucalyptol (e.g., cineole); lemon gum; common gum; eucalyptus; eugenol (e.g., 2-methoxy-4-allyl phenol); evening primrose; fenchol; fennel; Femiol™; fish;florazon (e.g., 4-ethyl-α,α-dimethylbenzenepropanal); galaxolide; geraniol (e.g., 2-trans-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-8-ol); geraniol; geranyl acetate; Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 32 / 88 25 / 65 geranyl nitrile; ginger; grapefruit; guaiacol; guaiac wood; gurjun balsam; heliotropin; herbanate (e.g., ethyl ester of 3-(1-methylethyl)bicyclo(2,2,l)hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid); hiba; hydroxycitronellal; l-carvone; l-methylacetate; ionone; isobutyl quinoline (e.g., secondary 6-butyl quinoline); isobornyl acetate; isobomyl methyl ether; isoeugenol; isolongifolene; jasmine; jojoba; juniper; lavender; lavandin; lemongrass; lemon; lime; limonene; linalool oxide; linalool; linalyl acetate; flaxseed; litsea cubeba; l-methyl acetate; longifolene; tangerine; mint; menthane hydroperoxide; menthol crystals; menthol laevo (e.g., 5-methyl-2-isopropylcyclohexanol); menthol; menthone laevo (e.g., 4-isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexan-3-one); methyl anthranilate; methyl cedryl ketone; methyl chavicol; methyl hexyl ether; methyl ionone; mineral; mint; musk ambrette; musk ketone; musk xylene;Mustard (also known as allylisothiocyanate); myrcene; nerol; neryl acetate; nonyl aldehyde; nutmeg (e.g., Myristica fragrans); orange (e.g., Citrus aurantium dulcis); orris root (e.g., Iris florentina); para-cymene; para-hydroxyphenylbutanone crystals (e.g., 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone); palmarosa passion fruit oil (e.g., Cymbopogon martini); patchouli (e.g., Pogostemon cablin); p-cymene; pennyroyal oil; pepper; peppermint (e.g., Mentha piperita); perylaldehyde; petitgrain (e.g., Citrus aurantium amara); phenyl ethyl alcohol; phenyl ethyl propionate; phenyl ethyl 2-methylbutyrate; pepper berry; pepper leaf; pinanol hydroperoxide; pine needle; pine; pinene; piperonal; piperonyl acetate; piperonyl alcohol; plinol; plinyl acetate; pseudo-ionone; rodinol; rodinyl acetate; rosalina; rose; ryu; sage; sandalwood (e.g., Santa-lum album), sandenol;sassafras; sesame; soy; spice; lavender spike; spiranthol; star flower; tangerine; tea seed; tea tree; terpenoid; terpineol; terpinolene; terpinyl acetate; tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate; tetrahydrolinalool; tetrahydrolinalyl acetate; tetrahydromyrcenol; tulsi; thyme; thymol; tomato; trans-2-hexenol; trans-anethole and metabolites thereof; turmeric; Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 33 / 88 26 / 65 turpentine; vanillin (e.g., 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde); vetiver; vitalize; white cedar; white grapefruit; wintergreen oils (methyl salicylate), or mixtures thereof.

[053] Other essential oils suitable for use in the compositions described in the present invention include absinthe oil, almond oil, ambrette seed oil, amyris oil, angelica root oil, natural anethole 20 / 21, angelica seed oil, Chinese star anise seed oil, star anise oil, balsam fir oil, balsam oil, basil oil, laurel oil, bergamot oil, sweet birch oil, birch tar oil, bitter almond oil, cold-pressed bitter orange oil, black pepper oil, black pepper oleoresin 40 / 20, bois de rose, buchu oil, cabreúva oil, cade oil, cajeput oil, calamus oil, white camphor oil, cananga oil, capsicum oil, caraway seed oil, seed oil of Cardamom, carrot seed oil, cassia oil, cedar leaf oil, cedar oil, celery leaf oil, celery seed oil, chamomile flower oil.Chenopodium oil (wormseed oil), cinnamon bark oil, cinnamon leaf oil, cistus oil, citronella oil, citronellol terpenes, clary sage oil, clove bud oil, clove leaf oil, clove stem oil, green cognac oil, white cognac oil, copaiba oil, coriander leaf oil, coriander seed oil, Japanese mint oil (Mentha arvensis), cumin seed oil, cyclamen oil, cypress oil, davana oil, fennel oil, erigeron oil, tarragon oil, eucalyptus oil, bitter fennel oil, sweet fennel oil, fir needle oil, galbanum oil, garlic oil, geranium oil, ginger oil, grapefruit oil 10 times grapefruit oil, 5 times cold-pressed grapefruit oil, grapefruit oil terpenes, guaiac wood oil, gurjun balsam, hemlock (fir) oil, ho leaf oil, ho wood oil, hyssop oil, jasmine oil, juniper oil.bay leaf oil, oil, Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 34 / 88 27 / 65 lavandin, lavender oil, lavender spike oil, 10 times lemon oil, 5 times lemon oil, cold-pressed lemon oil, distilled lemon oil, lemon oil terpenes, washed lemon oil, lemongrass oil, terpene-free lemongrass oil, 5 times lemon oil, distilled lemon oil, lemon oil terpenes, washed lemon oil, cubeba lychee berry oil, mace oil, cold-pressed tangerine oil, sweet marjoram oil, musk oil, myrtle oil, neroli oil, nutmeg oil, ocotea cymbarum oil, onion oil, cold-pressed bitter orange oil, 10 times orange oil, 20 times orange oil, 5 times orange oil, 5 times bitter orange oil, cold-pressed orange oil, terpene-free orange oil, oil of oregano, origanum oil, palmarosa oil, parsley leaf oil, parsley seed oil, patchouli oil, pennyroyal oil, black pepper oil, peppermint oil, petitgrain oilBlack pepper oil, pepper leaf oil, pine needle oil, Scots pine oil, white pine oil, rosalina oil, rose oil, clary sage oil, sage oil, sandalwood oil, sassafras oil, salt oil, lavender spike oil, hemlock oil, star anise oil, styrax oil, marigold oil, tangelo oil, tangerine oil, 5 times stronger tangerine oil, tangerine oil terpenes, tarragon oil, tea tree oil, thyme oil, white thyme oil, turmeric oil, purpentine oil, valerian oil, vanilla wormwood, vetiver oil, wintergreen oil (natural methyl salicylate), wormwood oil, wormwood oil, and ylang-ylang oil.

[054] As used in the present invention, sesame oil refers to both extracted and synthetic versions of vegetable oil derived from sesame seeds. Sesame oil has at least one of the following constituents: sesamin, sesamolin, sesaminol, γ-tocopherol, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, Δ5-avenasterol, sitostanol, campestanol and phytosterols. Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 35 / 88 28 / 65

[055] As used in the present invention, lemongrass oil refers to both extracted and synthetic versions of Cymbopogon oils, also known as lemongrass, citronella grass, Cochin grass, Malabar grass, oil heads, citronella grass, or fever grass. Lemongrass oil contains at least one of the following constituents: tricyclene, pinene, camphene, 3-carene, β-myrcene, limonene, β-ocimene, cineole, β-ocimene, n-octanal, 6-methyl-hepten-2-one, myrtanal, β-citronellal, linalool, β-caryophyllene, β-citral, sabinol, α-cyclocitral, borneol, neryl acetate, germacrene-D, β-citronellol, zingiberene, α-citral, verbenone, nerol, γ-cadinene, Z-carveol, geranial butyrate, caryophyllene oxide, epi-cubenol, isoeugenol, nerolic acid, monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes.

[056] As used in the present invention, peppermint oil refers to both extracted and synthetic versions of Mentha balsamea Wild, and derivatives thereof. Peppermint is a hybrid mint — a cross between watermint and spearmint. Peppermint oil has at least one of the following constituents: menthol, menthone, menthyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, menthofuran, neomenthol, isomenthone, beta-caryophyllene, germacrene D, limonene, beta-pinene and / or terpinene-4-ol, alpha-pinene.

[057] As used in the present invention, cedar oil refers to both extracted and synthetic oils produced from the distillation of the wood of various different junipers and cypresses (of the Cupressaceae family) and their derivatives. Cedar oil has at least one of the following constituents: α-pinene, α-thujene, camphene, β-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, α-terpinene, limonene, β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, terpinolene, isolongifolene, β-cubebene, linalool, α-longipinene; α-cedrene, α-barbatene, β-cedrene, Terpinen-4-ol, β-funebrene, cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol, Tujopsene (widdrene), aromatic dendren, β-barbatene, trans-piperitol, Selina-4,11diene, β-chamigene, α-terpineol,. Pseudohydrene, Bicyclogermacrene, α-cuprene, Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 36 / 88 29 / 65 Thujopsadiene, δ-cadinene, ar-curcumene, β-cuprene, Cuparene, Dehydro—e—ionone, 8,9-dehydroneolongifolene, α-cedrol, Widdrol, 3-thujopsanone, α-cadinol, α-cedrenal, αbisabolol and / or Thujopsenal, Mayurone.

[058] The term “water” as used in the present invention means an inert or fluid material, which may be inorganic or organic and of synthetic or natural origin, with which the active compound is mixed or formulated to facilitate its application to the host, area, or other object to be treated, or to facilitate its storage, transport and / or handling. In general, any of the materials commonly used in the formulation of repellents, pesticides, herbicides, or fungicides is suitable.

[059] As used in the present invention, the term “kill” refers to the ability of at least one active ingredient in a composition to cause the death of an insect.

[060] As used in the present invention, the term “knock down” (kd) refers to the ability of the composition described in the present invention to immobilize an insect. For example, a flying insect in contact with a composition described in the present invention is considered “inactivated” if it falls to the ground and is unable to fly, even though it can move its body parts in such a way that it cannot be categorized as completely paralyzed. The insect’s ability to move, feed, reproduce, spread disease, or cause irritation is severely reduced during the period in which it is inactivated.

[061] As used in the present invention, the term emulsifier, or surfactant, refers to a substance that stabilizes an emulsion by increasing its kinetic stability and comprises a hydrophilic (water-soluble) portion and a lipophilic (oil-soluble) portion. Common examples of emulsifiers include, but are not limited to, sodium lauryl sulfate, saponin, ethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated fatty esters, alkoxylated glycols, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated castor oil, Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 37 / 88 30 / 65 glyceryl oleates, carboxylated alcohols, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, ethoxylated alkylphenols, fatty esters, sodium dodecyl sulfide, other fatty acid-based surfactants, other natural or synthetic emulsifiers, and combinations thereof.

[062] As used in the present invention, the term polyglyceryl oleate refers to one or more derivatives of oleic acid ester and polyglycerin, including, but not limited to, polyglyceryl oleate-4, polyglyceryl oleate-3, polyglyceryl oleate-2, polyglyceryl dioleate-2, polyglyceryl oleate-5, polyglyceryl oleate-6, polyglyceryl dioleate-6, polyglyceryl oleate-8, polyglyceryl monooleate-10, polyglyceryl dioleate-10, and any combinations thereof.

[063] As used in the present invention, the term microemulsion refers to a thermodynamically stable fluid. It is different from kinetically stable emulsions that decompose into oil and water over time. The particle size of microemulsions ranges from about 10 nm to about 300 nm. Because of the small particle size, microemulsions appear as clear or translucent solutions.

[064] As used in the present invention, the term “repel” refers to the ability of the compositions described in the present invention to cause a pest or insect to move away from or avoid a surface, object or breeding site of the insect treated with said composition.

[065] Numerous modifications to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description above. Consequently, this description should be interpreted as illustrative only and is presented for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to create and use the invention and teach the best way to carry it out. Any of the embodiments described in the present invention may be modified to include any of the structures, compositions, or methodologies disclosed in connection with different embodiments. Exclusive rights to all modifications that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 38 / 88 31 / 65 are reserved. EXAMPLES

[066] The AC Formulations (Examples 1 to 3) comprise: about 4.20% cedar oil; about 0.10% sesame oil; about 1.50% lemongrass oil; about 5.00% to about 10.0% isopropyl alcohol; about 2.80% to about 6.70% surfactant; about 77.0% to about 82.0% water; about 1.58% to about 2.00% salt, and about 0.54% to about 1.99% of at least one additive.

[067] Formulation D (Example 4) comprises: about 4.20% cedar oil; about 0.10% sesame oil; about 1.50% peppermint oil; about 10.0% isopropyl alcohol; about 2.8% to about 4.5% surfactant; about 77% to about 82% water; about 1.58% to about 2.00% salt; and about 0.54% to about 1.99% of at least one additive.

[068] Formulation E (Example 5) comprises: about 4.20% cedar oil; about 0.10% sesame oil; about 1.50% rosemary oil; about 10.0% isopropyl alcohol; about 2.80% to about 4.5% surfactant; about 77% to about 82% water; about 1.58% to about 2.00% salt; and about 0.54% to about 1.99% of at least one additive.

[069] Formulations F (Example 6) comprise: about 5.70% cedar oil; about 0.1% sesame oil; about 10.0% isopropyl alcohol; about 2.80% to about 4.50% surfactant; about 77% to about 82% water; about 1.58% to about 2.00% salt; and about 0.54% to about 1.99% of at least one additive.

[070] Formulation G (Example 7) comprises: about 6.00% rosemary oil; about 10.0% isopropyl alcohol; about 4.45% surfactant; about 77.0% water; about 2.00% salt; and about 0.49% of at least one additive.

[071] Formulation H (Example 8) comprises: approximately 1.50% oil of Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 39 / 88 32 / 65 cedar; approximately 4.50% lemongrass oil; approximately 10.0% isopropyl alcohol; approximately 4.45% surfactant; approximately 77.0% water; approximately 2.00% salt; and approximately 0.49% of at least one additive.

[072] Formulation I (Example 9) comprises: about 3.00% rosemary oil; about 3.00% lemongrass oil; about 10.0% isopropyl alcohol; about 4.45% surfactant; about 77.0% water; about 2.00% salt; and about 0.49% of at least one additive.

[073] Formulation J (Example 10) comprises: about 9.00% cedar oil; about 10.0% isopropyl alcohol; about 4.45% surfactant; about 74.0% water; about 2.00% salt; and about 0.49% of at least one additive.

[074] Formulation K (Example 11) comprises: about 4.20% cedar oil; about 1.50% lemongrass oil; about 10.0% isopropyl alcohol; about 2.25% secondary surfactant; about 79.55% water; about 2.00% salt; and about 0.49% of at least one additive.

[075] Formulation L (Example 12) comprises: about 4.20% cedar oil; about 1.50% lemongrass oil; about 10.0% isopropyl alcohol; about 2.20% primary surfactant; about 79.60% water; about 2.00% salt; and about 0.49% of at least one additive.

[076] Formulation M (Example 13) comprises: about 4.20% cedar oil; about 1.50% lemongrass oil; about 0.00% isopropyl alcohol; about 4.50% surfactant; about 87.35% water; about 2.00% salt; and about 0.49% of at least one additive.

[077] Formulation N (Example 14) comprises: about 4.20% cedar oil; about 1.50% lemongrass oil; about 10.0% isopropyl alcohol; about 4.50% surfactant; about 79.35% water; about 0.00% salt; and about 0.49% of at least one additive. Experimental Procedures Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 40 / 88 33 / 65 Insect / Arthropod Inactivation and Mortality Test

[078] Test room. Temperature, 80±7°F (27±4°C) with 50±20% relative humidity.

[079] Treatment containers for test systems: ants, earwigs, and centipedes -- plastic cup with filter paper at the bottom and appropriate lid; mosquitoes, spiders, moths, fruit flies, and houseflies - an annular plastic container with an opposite mesh screen suitable for containing the insects.

[080] Test design. Five replicates of 10 insects or 35 replicates of 1 spider for spiders were conducted with each test substance with inactivation counts at various intervals based on the test system observed below. Mortality counts were performed 24 hours post-treatment for all test systems. The same for the controls. The directed spray distance was approximately 12 to 18 inches (30.48 to 45.72 cm), as appropriate for wetting the insect.

[081] Preparation. Carpenter ants were kept in a plastic container with food, water, and shelter. Shortly before the test, the ants were individually collected and shaken in a plastic cup. Argentine and Pharaoh ants were collected from the rearing tray into a test cup.

[082] Insects and arthropods were observed to be healthy before the test began and were transferred to appropriate test containers. Test procedure. The side walls of the vials were lightly oiled and filter paper was placed at the bottom of the vials. The directed spray distance was approximately 12 inches to 18 inches (30.48 cm to 45.72 cm), as appropriate to wet the insect. The test system was introduced into the spray apparatus by placing the treatment containers, one at a time, onto a wire platform of the spray apparatus.

[083] For ants, beetles, centipedes, and earwigs: the end Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 41 / 88 34 / 65 of the open plastic cup was placed towards the source of the test substance. For mosquitoes, flies, moths, and spiders: the annular plastic container with an opposite mesh screen suitable for containing insects was placed in fastening clamps with the screen facing the source of the test substance.

[084] After application of the test substance, the test systems were transferred into a glass vial with clean filter paper (intermediate container) for observation of inactivation. The spiders were transferred into a clean annular plastic container with an opposite mesh screen suitable for containing the insects. Transfer of small insects was done with soft tweezers, a spoon, or a brush, as appropriate.

[085] Observation / Inactivation Counts: Inactivation is defined as a test system experiencing aberrant behavior, such as lying on its back or side, unable to maintain a normal posture when straightened, and / or exhibiting leg spasms or similar involuntary movements of a dying insect from which it can recover. Inactivation observed at the following intervals. Carpenter ants: 30 seconds, 3, and 5 minutes. Pharaoh ants, Argentine ants, earwigs, and centipedes: 30 seconds, 1, 3, and 5 minutes. Houseflies, fruit flies, and moths: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 120 seconds. Mosquitoes: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 seconds. Spiders: 30 seconds, 5 minutes, and 2 hours.

[086] Mortality counts: 24+2 hours after treatment. Test system mortality is defined as dead insects / spiders (insects / spiders that do not move even after stimulation). The test was terminated when all treated test systems reached 100% within 24 hours. Direct Spraying Test for Cockroaches

[087] Test room. Temperature 80±7°F (27±4°C) with 50±20% relative humidity. A spray platform with a containment barrier allowing cockroaches to move freely after spray treatment. Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 42 / 88 35 / 65 a short platform containment barrier to keep German cockroaches confined during spray treatment, or a tall platform containment barrier to keep American cockroaches confined during spray treatment. The sides of all platform containment barriers and containers were coated with grease.

[088] Test design. Five replicates for German cockroaches and 10 replicates for American cockroaches with each test substance were conducted with inactivation counts at 30 seconds, 2 minutes, and 5 minutes. Insects were released from the containment platform barrier by removing it after spraying. Mortality counts were performed 24, 48, 72, and 96 + 2 hours post-treatment. The directed spray distance was approximately 12 inches to 18 inches (30.48 cm to 45.72 cm) from the test system, and the test substance is sprayed directly onto the test system.

[089] Preparation. Retention containers (i.e., plastic cups with lids) are lightly greased and the cockroaches are exposed to CO2. The cockroaches were separated by sex and ten adult male German cockroaches and five adult male American cockroaches were placed in each retention cup. The American cockroaches were covered with a screen lid.

[090] Test procedure. The side walls of platform containment barriers were lightly greased and the platform was assembled for testing. The large platform containment barrier was placed over the platform. In the center of the platform, appropriate platform containment barriers were placed over a vinyl panel. The directed spray distance was approximately 12 inches to 18 inches (30.48 cm to 45.72 cm). The test substance was weighed before and after spraying to determine the actual dosage.

[091] Before applying the test substance, the cockroaches were transferred from the holding container to the confinement platform. Twenty seconds later Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 43 / 88 36 / 65 of the application of the test substance, the containment barrier of the platform was lifted, allowing the cockroaches to run freely on the platform.

[092] Observation / Inactivation Counts. Cockroach inactivation is defined as cockroaches experiencing some aberrant behavior such as lying on their backs or sides, being unable to maintain a normal posture when straightened, and / or leg spasms or similar involuntary movements of a dying insect. Cockroach inactivation was measured at thirty-second, 2-minute, and 5-minute intervals. After up to 15 minutes, the cockroaches were then transferred into clean, greased containment containers with screen lids and provided with food and a water-soaked wick.

[093] Observation counts consist of three classifications:

[094] Live cockroaches: live cockroaches are defined as insects that respond with movement when stimulated.

[095] Inactivated cockroaches: Inactivated cockroaches are defined as those that become unable to perform coordinated movements or unable to straighten themselves after exposure to a pesticide product (e.g., lying on their back with only a single limb spasm).

[096] Dead cockroaches: dead cockroaches are defined as cockroaches that do not respond with any type of movement when stimulated. Direct Spraying Test for Ticks

[097] Test room. Temperature 80±7°F (27±4°C) with 50±20% relative humidity.

[098] Five replicates with test substance were conducted. Mortality counts were performed 24, 48, 72, and 96+2 hours each after treatment. Ticks were kept in a plastic container with water and shelter. Before the test, ticks were individually collected and transferred to a plastic cup. Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 44 / 88 37 / 65

[099] Test procedure. The directed spray distance was approximately 12 inches to 18 inches (30.48 cm to 45.72 cm) from the test system. The test substance was weighed before and after spraying to determine the actual dosage. The test system was introduced into the spray apparatus by placing the treatment containers, one at a time, on a wire platform of the spray apparatus, with the open end of the plastic cup facing the test substance.

[0100] Mortality counts: 24, 48, 72, and 96 +2 hours. Tick mortality is defined as a dead tick (ticks that do not move even after being stimulated or blown away). Direct Flea Spray Test (Cat Fleas (Ctenocephalides felis))

[0101] Test room. Temperature 80±7°F (27±4°C) with 50±20% relative humidity.

[0102] Four replicates with test substance were conducted with mortality counts performed 24, 48, 72, and 96 ±2 hours after treatment. The target distance was approximately 3” (7.62 cm) from the top of a bucket, approximately 18” (45.72 cm) from the insects at the bottom.

[0103] Insect preparation. Fleas were placed in a tube and exposed to CO2. Twenty fleas were counted and placed in a separate jar. Five jars with 20 fleas each (for 4 reps + 1 control) were prepared for each sample.

[0104] Test procedure. The test substance was sprayed directly onto the test system. The test substance was weighed before and after spraying to determine the dosage. Immediately before applying the test substance, the bottle containing fleas was emptied into the plastic bucket. The bucket is positioned at an angle of approximately 45° towards the spray source. Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 45 / 88 38 / 65 After treatment, the bucket was removed and set aside for mortality counts. After one hour, a circle of filter paper cut to the size of the bottom surface area of ​​the bucket was placed in the bucket. For mortality counts, the filter paper was lifted and tapped / shaken to ensure that the fleas were deposited back to the bottom.

[0105] Mortality. Dead insects are insects that will not move when disturbed. Examples 1 to 3

[0106] The following ingredients in Table 1 are combined to prepare the AC formulations. Table 1. Components of AC formulations. Ingredient Formulation A (Example 1) (% by weight) Formulation B (Example 2) (% by weight) Formulation C (Example 3) (% by weight) Cedarwood oil 4.20 4.20 4.20 Lemongrass oil 1.50 1.50 1.50 Rosemary oil - - - Peppermint oil - - - Sesame oil 0.10 0.10 0.10 Mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E) 0.05 0.05 0.05 Glycerin 0.50 0.50 0.50 Polyglyceryl oleate - - - Citric acid - - - Trisodium citrate dihydrate - - - Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.20 2.20 2.20 Sodium chloride 2.00 2.00 2.00 Water 77.20 79.95 77.45 Isopropyl alcohol 10.00 5.00 10.00 2.25% oleate 4.50 - Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 46 / 88 39 / 65 polyglyceryl-4 Decaglycerol monostearate - - 2.00 Total 100 100 100 Example 4

[0107] The following ingredients in Table 2 are combined to prepare formulation D. Table 2. Components of formulation D. Ingredient Formulation D (Example 4) (% by weight) Cedarwood oil 4.20 Lemongrass oil - Rosemary oil - Peppermint oil 1.50 Sesame oil 0.10 Mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E) 0.05 Glycerin 0.50 Polyglyceryl oleate - Citric acid - Trisodium citrate dihydrate - Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.20 Sodium chloride 2.00 Water 77.20 Isopropyl alcohol 10.0 Polyglyceryl-4 oleate 2.25 Decaglycerol monostearate - Total 100 Example 5

[0108] The following ingredients in Table 3 are combined to prepare formulation E. Table 3. Components of formulation E. Ingredient Formulation E (Example 5) (% by weight) Cedarwood oil 4.20 Lemongrass oil - Rosemary oil 1.50 Peppermint oil - Sesame oil 0.10 Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 47 / 88 40 / 65 Mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E) 0.05g Glycerin 0.50g Polyglyceryl oleate - Citric acid - Trisodium citrate dihydrate - Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.20g Sodium chloride 2.00g Water 77.2g Isopropyl alcohol 10.0g Polyglyceryl-4 oleate 2.25g Decaglycerol monostearate - Total 100g Example 6

[0109] The following ingredients in Table 4 are combined to prepare formulation F. Table 4. Components of formulation F. Ingredient Formulation F (Example 6) (% by weight) Cedarwood oil 5.70 Lemongrass oil - Rosemary oil - Peppermint oil - Sesame oil 0.10 Mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E) 0.05 Glycerin 0.50 Polyglyceryl oleate - Citric acid - Trisodium citrate dihydrate - Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.20 Sodium chloride 2.00 Water 77.20 Isopropyl alcohol 10.0 Polyglyceryl-4 oleate 2.25 Decaglycerol monostearate - Total 100 Example 7

[0110] The following ingredients in Table 5 are combined to prepare formulation G. Table 5. Components of formulation G Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 48 / 88 41 / 65 Ingredient Formulation G (Example 7) (% by weight) Cedarwood oil - Lemongrass oil - Rosemary oil 6.00 Peppermint oil - Sesame oil - Mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E) - Glycerin 0.50 Polyglyceryl oleate - Citric acid - Trisodium citrate dihydrate - Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.20 Sodium chloride 2.00 Water 77.05 Isopropyl alcohol 10.0 Polyglyceryl-4 oleate 2.25 Decaglycerol monostearate - Total 100 Example 8

[0111] The following ingredients in Table 6 are combined to prepare formulation H. Table 6. Components of formulation H Ingredient Formulation H (Example 8) (% by weight) Cedarwood oil 1.50 Lemongrass oil 4.50 Rosemary oil - Peppermint oil - Sesame oil - Mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E) - Glycerin 0.50 Polyglyceryl oleate - Citric acid - Trisodium citrate dihydrate - Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.20 Sodium chloride 2.00 Water 77.05 Isopropyl alcohol 10.0 Polyglyceryl-4 oleate 2.25 Decaglycerol monostearate - Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 49 / 88 42 / 65 Total 100 Example 9

[0112] The following ingredients in Table 7 are combined to prepare formulation I. Table 7. Components of formulation I Ingredient Formulation I (Example 9) (% by weight) Cedarwood oil - Lemongrass oil 3.00 Rosemary oil 3.00 Peppermint oil - Sesame oil - Mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E) - Glycerin 0.50 Polyglyceryl oleate - Citric acid - Trisodium citrate dihydrate - Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.20 Sodium chloride 2.00 Water 77.05 Isopropyl alcohol 10.0 Polyglyceryl-4 oleate 2.25 Decaglycerol monostearate - Total 100 Example 10

[0113] The following ingredients in Table 8 are combined to prepare formulation J. Table 8. Components of formulation J Ingredient Formulation J (Example 10) (% by weight) Cedarwood oil 9.00 Lemongrass oil - Rosemary oil - Peppermint oil - Sesame oil - Mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E) - Glycerin 0.50 Polyglyceryl oleate - Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 50 / 88 43 / 65 Citric acid - Trisodium citrate dihydrate - Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.20g Sodium chloride 2.00g Water 74.05g Isopropyl alcohol 10.0g Polyglyceryl-4 oleate 2.25g Decaglycerol monostearate - Total 100g Example 11

[0114] The following ingredients in Table 9 are combined to prepare formulation K. Table 9. Components of the K formulation Ingredient Formulation K (Example 11) (% by weight) Cedarwood oil 4.20% Lemongrass oil 1.50% Rosemary oil - Peppermint oil - Sesame oil - Mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E) - Glycerin 0.50% Polyglyceryl oleate - Citric acid - Trisodium citrate dihydrate - Sodium lauryl sulfate - Sodium chloride 2.00% Water 79.55% Isopropyl alcohol 10.00% Polyglyceryl-4 oleate 2.25% Decaglycerol monostearate - Total 100 Example 12

[0115] The following ingredients in Table 10 are combined to prepare formulation L. Table 10. Components of Formulation L Ingredient Formulation L (Example 12) (% by weight) Cedar oil 4.20% Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 51 / 88 44 / 65 Lemongrass oil 1.50% Rosemary oil - Peppermint oil - Sesame oil - Mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E) - Glycerin 0.50% Polyglyceryl oleate - Citric acid - Trisodium citrate dihydrate - Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.20% Sodium chloride 2.00% Water 79.60% Isopropyl alcohol 10.00% Polyglyceryl-4 oleate - Decaglycerol monostearate - Total 100 Example 13

[0116] The following ingredients in Table 11 are combined to prepare formulation M. Table 11. Components of Formulation M Ingredient Formulation M (Example 13) (% by weight) Cedarwood oil 4.20% Lemongrass oil 1.50% Rosemary oil - Peppermint oil - Sesame oil - Mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E) - Glycerin 0.50% Polyglyceryl oleate - Citric acid - Trisodium citrate dihydrate - Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.20% Sodium chloride 2.00% Water 87.35% Isopropyl alcohol - Polyglyceryl-4 oleate 2.25% Decaglycerol monostearate - Total 100 Example 14 Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 52 / 88 45 / 65

[0117] The following ingredients in Table 12 are combined to prepare formulation N. Table 12. Formulation Components N Ingredient Formulation N (Example 14) (% by weight) Cedarwood oil 4.20% Lemongrass oil 1.50% Rosemary oil - Peppermint oil - Sesame oil - Mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E) - Glycerin 0.50% Polyglyceryl oleate - Citric acid - Trisodium citrate dihydrate - Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.20% Sodium chloride - Water 79.35% Isopropyl alcohol 10.0% Polyglyceryl-4 oleate 2.25% Decaglycerol monostearate - Total 100

[0118] Formulations KN in Examples 11 to 14 (Tables 9 to 12) demonstrate formulations that do not form stable emulsions. Formulation K does not contain a primary surfactant (i.e., sodium lauryl sulfate). Formulation L does not contain any secondary surfactant (i.e., polyglyceryl-4 oleate, polyglyceryl oleate, decaglycerol monostearate). Formulation M does not contain alcohol (i.e., isopropyl alcohol). Formulation N does not contain salt (i.e., sodium chloride). Taken together, Formulations KN demonstrate that compositions without any of a primary surfactant, secondary surfactant, alcohol, or salt result in an unstable emulsion incapable of forming a homogeneous, clear, thermodynamically stable phase at room temperature.

[0119] Formulation K, without a primary surfactant, has an unevenly divided two-phase separation. The larger (by volume) of the two phases has Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 53 / 88 46 / 65 if white and cloudy. The smaller (by volume) of the two phases is located above the larger phase and has an amber color.

[0120] Formulation L, without a secondary surfactant, has an unevenly divided two-phase separation. The larger (by volume) of the two phases is colorless with a white precipitate. The smaller (by volume) of the two phases is located above the larger phase and is amber in color.

[0121] The alcohol-free Formulation M has an unevenly divided two-phase separation. The larger (by volume) of the two phases is white and cloudy. The smaller (by volume) of the two phases is located above the larger phase and has a light amber color. There appears to be a white precipitate at the interface between the two phases. Bubbles are present on the upper surface and within the smaller, upper phase.

[0122] The N formulation, without salt, has an unevenly divided two-phase separation. The larger (by volume) of the two phases is colorless with a white-to-yellow precipitate throughout. There appears to be a white precipitate at the interface between the two phases. The smaller (by volume) phase is located above the larger phase, is amber in color, and is cloudy. Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 54 / 88 Table 13. Efficacy data for formulations A to J. Mean percentage of inactivation, and standard error of the mean (SEM) are provided for 10 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds, 60 seconds, and 120 seconds after exposure. The mean percentage of mortality is provided after 24 hours post-exposure. Average % inactivation and average % mortality results for direct spraying of the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella). Formula Average quantity dispensed by weight (g) Average % inactivation Average % mortality 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 120s 24h %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM % dead SEM AC 4.34 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 D 4.14 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 E 4.16 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 F 4.37 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 Untreated control na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 94 4 99 / Ztz Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 55 / 88 Table 13 Continued. Average % inactivation and average % mortality results for direct spraying of the housefly (Musca domestica). Formula Average quantity dispensed by weight (g) Average % inactivation Average % mortality 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 120s 24h %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM % dead SEM AC 4.33 24 4 42 2 64 6 74 2 80 4 86 2 100 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 D 4.12 34 2 52 5 70 7 76 5 86 4 90 4 98 2 100 E 4.22 22 4 28 2 40 3 64 4 66 4 74 2 98 2 100 F 4.41 22 4 38 9 52 13 52 12 56 13 64 7 88 4 100 G 4.01 58 9 80 9 84 9 92 5 92 5 96 4 96 4 100 H 4.17 42 8 72 10 94 10 96 10 98 2 98 2 100 0 100 1 4.19 54 5 92 4 98 2 98 2 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 J 4.19 30 3 44 2 54 4 60 6 52 8 66 6 82 7 100 Control untreated na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 4 48 / 65 Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pp. 56 / 88 Table 13 Continued. Average percentage of inactivation and average percentage of mortality for direct spraying of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). Formula Average quantity dispensed by weight (g) Average % inactivation Average % mortality 10 s 20 s 30 s 40 s 50 s 60 s 120 s 24 h %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM % dead SEM AC 4.33 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 D 4.21 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 98 2 100 0 E 4.20 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 F 4.37 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 Untreated control na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 0 0 99 / 6tz Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pp. 57 / 88 Table 13 Continued. Average % inactivation and average % mortality results for direct spraying of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Formula Average quantity dispensed by weight (g) Average % inactivation Average % mortality 10 s 20 s 30 s 40 s 50 s 60 s 120 s 24 h %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM % dead SEM AC 4.22 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 D 4.17 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 E 4.19 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 F 4.06 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 G 3.86 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 H 4.13 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 1 4.10 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 J 4.34 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 Untreated control na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 0 0 50 / 65 Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pages 58 / 88 Table 13 Continued. Average % inactivation and average % mortality results for direct spraying of German cockroach (Blatella germanica) Fragrance Average quantity dispensed by weight (g) Average % inactivation Average % mortality 30 s 2 min 5 min 24 h %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM % dead SEM AC 3.94 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 D 4.23 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 E 4.63 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 F 4.17 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 G 4.10 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 H 4.25 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 1 3.80 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 J 4.34 96 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 Untreated control na na na na na na na 0 0 51 / 65 Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 59 / 88 Table 13 Continued. Average % inactivation and average % mortality results for direct spraying of American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) Fragrance / Formula Average quantity dispensed by weight (g) Average % inactivation Average % mortality 30 s 2 min 5 min 24 h %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM % dead SEM AC 4.14 30 5 62 6 78 7 94 3 D 4.21 30 3 64 6 76 4 96 3 E 4.26 20 5 56 7 72 7 98 94 2 F 4.18 26 8 50 9 64 10 4 Untreated control na na na na na na na 0 0 99 / 29 Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pages 60 / 88 Table 13 Continued. Results of average % inactivation and average % mortality for direct spraying of common house spider (Parasteatoda tepidariorum) Formula Average quantity dispensed by weight (g) Average % inactivation Average % mortality 24 h 30 s 3 min 5 min %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM % dead SEM AC 4.14 0 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 D 4.18 0 0 97 3 100 0 100 0 E 4.23 3 3 97 3 100 0 100 0 F 4.20 0 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 Untreated control na na na na na na na 0 0 53 / 65 Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pp. 61 / 88 Table 13 Continued. Average % inactivation and average % mortality results for direct spraying of carpenter ants (Camponotus floridanus) Formula Average quantity dispensed by weight (g) Average % inactivation Average % mortality 30 s 3 min 5 min 24 h %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM % dead SEM AC 3.87 94 4 98 2 100 0 100 0 D 4.15 96 4 100 0 100 0 100 0 E 4.13 98 2 100 0 100 0 100 0 F 4.16 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 G 3.93 98 2 100 0 100 0 100 0 H 4.25 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 1 4.16 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 J 4.17 90 6 100 0 100 0 100 0 Untreated control na na na na na na na 0 0 Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pp. 62 / 88 Table 13 Continued. Average inactivation and mortality results for direct spraying of Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) Fragrance / Formula Average quantity dispensed by weight (g) Average % inactivation Average % mortality 30 s 1 min 3 min 5 min 24 h %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM % dead SEM AC 3.81 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 D 4.20 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 E 4.26 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 F 4.15 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 Untreated control na na na na na na na na na 4 4 55 / 65 Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pp. 63 / 88 Table 13 Continued. Average inactivation and mortality results for direct spraying of Pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharaonis) Fragrance / Formula Average quantity dispensed by weight (g) Average % inactivation Average % mortality 30 s 1 min 3 min 5 min 24 h %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM % dead SEM AC 3.53 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 D 4.22 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 E 4.22 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 F 4.17 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 Untreated control na na na na na na na na na 0 0 56 / 65 Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pp. 64 / 88 Table 13 Continued. Inactivation and mortality for direct spraying of earwig (Thermobia domestica) Fragrance / Formula Average quantity dispensed by weight (g) Average % inactivation Average % mortality 30 s 1 min 3 min 5 min 24 h %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM % dead SEM AC 4.29 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 D 4.22 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 E 4.11 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 F 4.34 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 Untreated control na na na na na na na na na 2 0 99 / 29 Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pages 65 / 88 Table 13 Continued. Inactivation and mortality results for direct spraying of Euborellia annulipes. Fragrance / Formula Average quantity dispensed by weight (g) Average % inactivation Average % mortality 30 s 1 min 3 min 5 min 24 h %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM %kd SEM % dead SEM AC 3.57 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 D 4.18 96 2 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 E 4.04 96 2 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 F 4.12 90 3 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 Untreated control na na na na na na na na na 0 0 58 / 65 Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pp. 66 / 88 Table 13 Continued. Average mortality results for direct spraying of brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) Fragrance / Formula Average quantity dispensed by weight (g) Average % mortality 24 h % dead WITHOUT AC 3.76 100 0 D 4.21 100 0 E 4.16 100 0 F 4.19 100 0 Untreated control 0 0 59 / 65 Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pp. 67 / 88 Table 13 Continued. Average mortality results for direct spraying of cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) Fragrance / Formula Average amount dispensed by weight (g) Average % mortality 24 h % dead WITHOUT AC 4.31 100 0 D 4.21 100 0 E 4.16 100 0 F 4.33 100 0 Untreated control 0 0 60 / 65 Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pages 68 / 88 61 / 65 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0123] Numerous modifications to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description above. Consequently, this description should be interpreted as illustrative only and is presented for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to create and use the invention and to teach the best way to carry it out. Exclusive rights to all modifications falling within the scope of the appended claims are reserved. ADDITIONAL MODALITIES

[0124] Modality 1. A pest control composition comprising: at least one active ingredient comprising one or more essential oils; a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and at least one secondary surfactant; about 5.00% by weight to about 10.00% by weight of isopropyl alcohol; approximately 2.00% by weight of sodium chloride; and approximately 60.00% by weight to approximately 90.00% by weight of water.

[0125] Modality 2. The composition of modality 1, in which at least one active component is selected from the group consisting of cedar oil, lemongrass oil, rosemary oil, peppermint oil, sesame oil, and combinations thereof.

[0126] Modality 3. The composition of any of the preceding modalities, in which the total quantity of at least one active component comprises from about 5.80% by weight to about 9.00% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0127] Modality 4. The composition of any of the above modalities, in which the primary surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate. Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pp. 69 / 88 62 / 65

[0128] Embodiment 5. The composition of any of the above embodiments, wherein the secondary surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyglyceryl-4 oleate, polyglyceryl oleate, decaglycerol monostearate, and combinations thereof.

[0129] Embodiment 6. The composition of any of the preceding embodiments, in which the total surfactant component comprises from about 2.80% by weight to about 6.70% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0130] Modality 7. The composition of any of the preceding modalities, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of glycerin, mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E), and combinations thereof.

[0131] Modality 8. The composition of modality 7, in which at least one additive comprises from about 0.20% by weight to about 2.00% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0132] Modality 9. The composition of modality 7 or modality 8, in which at least one additive comprises 0.50% by weight of glycerin, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0133] Modality 10. A pest control composition comprising: at least one active ingredient comprising one or more essential oils; a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant; about 5.00% by weight to about 10.00% by weight of isopropyl alcohol; approximately 2.00% by weight of sodium chloride; and approximately 60.00% by weight to approximately 90.00% by weight of water; in which the composition has an insect inactivation rate in 30 seconds greater than or equal to approximately 90% against the grain moth, fruit fly, Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pp. 70 / 88 63 / 65 mosquito, carpenter ant, Argentine ant, Pharaoh ant, earwig, centipede, housefly, and German cockroach, as measured by the Insect / Arthropod Inactivation and Mortality Test and the Cockroach Direct Spray Test, respectively.

[0134] Modality 11. The composition of modality 10, in which the composition has a 24-hour insect mortality rate of more than approximately 90% against American cockroaches, and 100% against German cockroaches, as measured by the Direct Cockroach Spray Test.

[0135] Modality 12. The composition of any of the modalities 10 or 11, in which at least one active component is selected from the group consisting of cedar oil, lemongrass oil, rosemary oil, peppermint oil, sesame oil, and combinations thereof.

[0136] Modality 13. The composition of any of the modalities 10 to 12, in which the total amount of at least one active component comprises from about 5.80% by weight to about 9.00% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0137] Modality 14. The composition of any of the modalities 10 to 13, in which the primary surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate.

[0138] Embodiment 15. The composition of any of the embodiments 10 to 14, wherein the secondary surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyglyceryl-4 oleate, polyglyceryl oleate, decaglycerol monostearate, and combinations thereof.

[0139] Embodiment 16. The composition of any of the embodiments 10 to 15, in which the total surfactant component comprises from about 2.80% by weight to about 6.70% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0140] Modality 17. The composition of any of the modalities 10 to 16, also comprising at least one additive selected from the group that Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pp. 71 / 88 64 / 65 consists of glycerin, mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E), and combinations thereof.

[0141] Modality 18. The composition of modality 17, in which at least one additive comprises from about 0.20% by weight to about 2.00% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0142] Modality 19. The composition of any of the embodiments 17 or 18, in which at least one additive comprises 0.50% by weight of glycerin, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0143] Modality 20. A method of killing insects comprising applying to a surface in need thereof a composition comprising: at least one active ingredient comprising one or more essential oils; a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant; about 5.00% by weight to about 10.00% by weight of isopropyl alcohol; approximately 2.00% by weight of sodium chloride; and approximately 60.00% by weight to approximately 90.00% by weight of water.

[0144] Modality 21. A pest control composition comprising: at least one active ingredient comprising one or more essential oils; a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and at least one secondary surfactant; about 2.00% by weight to about 15.00% by weight of isopropyl alcohol; approximately 0.50% by weight to approximately 3.00% by weight of sodium chloride; and approximately 60.00% by weight to approximately 90.00% by weight of water.

[0145] Modality 22. The composition of modality 21, in which at least one active component is selected from the group consisting of cedar oil, Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pp. 72-88 65 / 65 lemongrass oil, rosemary oil, peppermint oil, sesame oil, and combinations thereof.

[0146] Modality 23. The composition of either of the modalities 21 or 22, in which the total amount of at least one active component comprises from about 5.80% by weight to about 9.00% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0147] Modality 24. The composition of any of the modalities 21 to 23, in which the primary surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate.

[0148] Embodiment 25. The composition of any of the embodiments 21 to 24, wherein the secondary surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyglyceryl-4 oleate, polyglyceryl oleate, decaglycerol monostearate, and combinations thereof.

[0149] Embodiment 26. The composition of any of the embodiments 21 to 25, in which the total surfactant component comprises from about 2.80% by weight to about 6.70% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0150] Modality 27. The composition of any of the modalities 21 to 26, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of glycerin, mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E), and combinations thereof.

[0151] Modality 28. The composition of modality 27, in which at least one additive comprises from about 0.20% by weight to about 2.00% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0152] Modality 29. The composition of any of the modalities 27 to 28, in which at least one additive comprises 0.50% by weight of glycerin, based on the total weight of the composition. Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pp. 73 / 88

Claims

1 / 5 CLAIMS 1. Pest control composition CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: at least one active component comprising one or more essential oils; a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and at least one secondary surfactant; about 5.00% by weight to about 10.00% by weight of isopropyl alcohol; about 2.00% by weight of sodium chloride; and about 60.00% by weight to about 90.00% by weight of water.

2. Composition, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that at least one active component is selected from the group consisting of cedar oil, lemongrass oil, rosemary oil, peppermint oil, sesame oil, and combinations thereof.

3. Composition, according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED in that the total amount of at least one active component comprises from about 5.80% by weight to about 9.00% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

4. Composition according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the primary surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate.

5. Composition according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED in that the secondary surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyglyceryl-4 oleate, polyglyceryl oleate, decaglycerol monostearate, and combinations thereof.

6. Composition, according to claim 5, CHARACTERIZED in that the total surfactant component comprises from about 2.80% by weight to about 6.70% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 74 / 88 2 / 5 7. Composition according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of glycerin, mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E), and combinations thereof.

8. Composition, according to claim 7, CHARACTERIZED in that at least one additive comprises from about 0.20% by weight to about 2.00% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

9. Composition according to claim 8, CHARACTERIZED in that at least one additive comprises 0.50% by weight of glycerin, based on the total weight of the composition.

10. Pest control composition CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: at least one active component comprising one or more essential oils; a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant; about 5.00% by weight to about 10.00% by weight of isopropyl alcohol; about 2.00% by weight of sodium chloride; and about 60.00% by weight to about 90.00% by weight of water; wherein the composition has an insect inactivation rate in 30 seconds greater than or equal to approximately 90% against grain moth, fruit fly, mosquito, carpenter ant, Argentine ant, Pharaoh ant, earwig, centipede, house fly, and German cockroach, as measured by the Insect / Arthropod Inactivation and Mortality Test and the Cockroach Direct Spray Test, respectively.

11. Composition, according to claim 10, CHARACTERIZED in that the composition has a 24-hour insect mortality rate of Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 75 / 88 3 / 5 of more than about 90% against American cockroaches, and 100% against German cockroaches, as measured by the Direct Cockroach Spray Test.

12. Composition according to claim 10, CHARACTERIZED in that at least one active component is selected from the group consisting of cedar oil, lemongrass oil, rosemary oil, peppermint oil, sesame oil, and combinations thereof.

13. Composition, according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED in that the total amount of at least one active component comprises from about 5.80% by weight to about 9.00% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

14. Composition according to claim 10, CHARACTERIZED in that the primary surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate.

15. Composition according to claim 14, CHARACTERIZED in that the secondary surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyglyceryl-4 oleate, polyglyceryl oleate, decaglycerol monostearate, and combinations thereof.

16. Composition, according to claim 15, CHARACTERIZED in that the total surfactant component comprises from about 2.80% by weight to about 6.70% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

17. Composition according to claim 10, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of glycerin, mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E), and combinations thereof.

18. Composition, according to claim 17, CHARACTERIZED in that at least one additive comprises from about 0.20% by weight to about 2.00% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

19. Composition, according to claim 18, CHARACTERIZED by Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 76 / 88 4 / 5 in that at least one additive comprises 0.50% by weight of glycerin, based on the total weight of the composition.

20. Insect killing method CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises applying to a surface in need thereof a composition comprising: at least one active component comprising one or more essential oils; a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and a secondary surfactant; about 5.00% by weight to about 10.00% by weight of isopropyl alcohol; about 2.00% by weight of sodium chloride; and about 60.00% by weight to about 90.00% by weight of water.

21. Pest control composition CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: at least one active component comprising one or more essential oils; a total surfactant component comprising a primary surfactant and at least one secondary surfactant; about 2.00% by weight to about 15.00% by weight of isopropyl alcohol; about 0.50% by weight to about 3.00% by weight of sodium chloride; and about 60.00% by weight to about 90.00% by weight of water.

22. Composition according to claim 21, CHARACTERIZED in that at least one active component is selected from the group consisting of cedar oil, lemongrass oil, rosemary oil, peppermint oil, sesame oil, and combinations thereof.

23. Composition, according to claim 22, CHARACTERIZED in that the total amount of at least one active component comprises approximately 5.80% by weight to approximately 9.00% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

24. Composition according to claim 21, CHARACTERIZED in that the primary surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate.

25. Composition according to claim 24, CHARACTERIZED in that the secondary surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyglyceryl-4 oleate, polyglyceryl oleate, decaglycerol monostearate, and combinations thereof.

26. Composition according to claim 25, CHARACTERIZED in that the total surfactant component comprises from about 2.80% by weight to about 6.70% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

27. Composition according to claim 21, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of glycerin, mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E), and combinations thereof.

28. Composition, according to claim 27, CHARACTERIZED in that at least one additive comprises from about 0.20% by weight to about 2.00% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

29. Composition, according to claim 28, CHARACTERIZED in that at least one additive comprises 0.50% by weight of glycerin, based on the total weight of the composition. Petition 870250088751, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pp. 78 / 88