Support for VPLMN URSP rules

Description

1 / 49 “SUPPORT FOR VPLMN URSP RULES” CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED REQUESTS

[001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 457,549, filed April 6, 2023, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND

[002] Mobile communications using wireless communication continue to evolve. A fifth generation of radio access technology for mobile communication (RAT) may be called 5G New Radio (NR). A previous (legacy) generation of RAT for mobile communication may be, for example, the long-term evolution (LTE) of fourth generation (4G). SUMMARY

[003] Systems, methods and tools are revealed to support the specific rules features of visited public terrestrial mobile network (VPLMN).

[004] A computing system, which may comprise, for example, a policy control function (PCF), may determine that a wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU) is not configured to support VPLMN route selection policy rules. The computing system may receive a first message comprising service parameters associated with the WTRU. The service parameters may be used to generate VPLMN route selection policy rules for the WTRU, wherein the rules apply if the WTRU is registered in a first VPLMN. The first message may be received, for example, from a user data repository (UDR).

[005] Under the condition that the computing system has determined that the WTRU is not configured to support VPLMN route selection policy rules, the computing system may send a second message. The second message may indicate that VPLMN route selection policy rules should be sent to the WTRU if the WTRU is registered in the first message. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 10 / 75 2 / 49 VPLMN.

[006] The computing system may receive a third message from a network function. The third message may indicate that the WTRU was registered in the first VPLMN. The computing system may generate VPLMN route selection policy rules using the received service parameters associated with the WTRU.

[007] Provided that the third message indicates that the WTRU is registered in the first VPLMN, the computing system may send a fourth message to the WTRU. The fourth message may contain the VPLMN route selection policy rules generated for the WTRU while it is in the first VPLMN.

[008] In the examples, the computing system may receive a first message from an access and mobility management (AMF) function. The first message may comprise an indication that a wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU) is not configured to support a visited public terrestrial mobile network (VPLMN)-specific selection policy rule feature. The first message may comprise a policy class tag information element indicating that the WTRU is not configured to support the VPLMN rule feature.

[009] The computing system may receive a second message from a second PCF, which may be a V-PCF. The second message received may contain service parameters. The computing system may determine that the service parameters are associated with the WTRU.

[010] In response to the second message, the computing system may send a third message to the second PCF. The third message may indicate that service parameters should be used to generate route selection policy rules for the WTRU and that route selection policy rules should be sent to the WTRU if the WTRU is registered in the VPLMN. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 11 / 75 3 / 49

[011] The computing system can send a subscription request to a network function, which can be, for example, an AMF. The subscription request can indicate a request to receive a notification if the WTRU is registered in a public terrestrial mobile network (PLMN) associated with the service parameters. The computing system can receive a notification message from the network function. The notification message can indicate that the WTRU is registered in the PLMN.

[012] The computing system can then send a fourth message addressed to the WTRU. The fourth message may comprise at least one VPLMN-specific route selection policy rule built based on the service parameters. The fourth message may not comprise an information element indicating an association between PLMNs and UPSIs.

[013] In the examples, a WTRU can be configured to support the VPLMN rule feature. The computing system may receive an initial message that includes an indication that the WTRU is configured to support the VPLMN-specific route selection policy rule feature.

[014] The computing system may receive a second message from the second PCF which comprises service parameters. The computing system may determine that the service parameters are associated with the WTRU.

[015] In response to the second message, the WTRU may send a third message indicating that the service parameters should be used to generate route selection policy rules for the WTRU and that the route selection policy rules should be sent to the WTRU. The third message may indicate that the route selection policy rules should be sent to the WTRU immediately or it may indicate that the rules should be sent to the WTRU when the WTRU is in the CM-CONNECTED state.

[016] WTRU can then send a fourth message targeted to Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 12 / 75 4 / 49 WTRU. The fourth message may comprise at least one VPLMN-specific route selection policy rule built upon the service parameters. The fourth message may be sent in response to the second message. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[017] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary communication system, in which one or more disclosed modalities can be implemented.

[018] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), which can be used in the communication system illustrated in Figure 1A according to one mode.

[019] Figure 1C is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary radio access network (RAN) and an exemplary main network (CN), which can be used in the communications system illustrated in Figure 1A according to one embodiment.

[020] Figure 1D is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary additional RAN and an exemplary additional CN, which can be used in the communications system illustrated in Figure 1A according to one embodiment.

[021] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a system in which various aspects and examples can be implemented.

[022] Figure 3 represents an example of implementation to determine the URSP support indication. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[023] A more detailed understanding can be obtained from the following description, provided by way of example together with the attached drawings.

[024] Figure 1A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary communication system in which one or more revealed modalities can be Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 13 / 75 5 / 49 implemented. The 100 communication system can be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcasting, etc., to multiple wireless users. The 100 communication system can enable multiple wireless users to access this content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, 100 communication systems can employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail single-word discrete Fourier transform spreading OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), single-word filtered OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.

[025] As shown in Figure 1A, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a RAN 104 / 113, a CN 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110 and other networks 112, although it should be considered that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment.By way of example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or a “STA”, may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop computer, a netbook computer, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, an access point or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a wristwatch or other wearable device, a virtual reality headset. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 14 / 75 6 / 49 (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and its applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and its applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or automated production line context), a consumer electronic device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. Any of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and 102d may be referred to interchangeably as a UE.

[026] Communication systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110 and / or other networks 112. By way of example, base stations 114a, 114b may be a transceiver base station (BTS), a Node B, an eNode B, a home Node B, a home eNode B, a gNB, a Node B NR, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router and the like. Although base stations 114a and 114b are each shown as a single element, it is understood that base stations 114a and 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[027] Base station 114a may be part of RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be called a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographic area that may be Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 15 / 75 7 / 49 relatively fixed or that can change over time. The cell can also be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a can be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, base station 114a can include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell. In another embodiment, base station 114a can employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and can use multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming can be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[028] Base stations 114a, 114b can communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d through an air interface 116, which can be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 can be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[029] More specifically, as noted above, communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SCFDMA, and the like. For example, base station 114a in RAN 104 / 113 and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), which may establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 using Wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed ​​UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[030] In one mode, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 16 / 75 8 / 49 102c can implement a radio technology, such as evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA), which can establish the air interface 116 with the use of Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or Advanced LTE Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[031] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement a radio technology, such as NR radio access, which can establish the air interface 116 through the use of New Radio (NR).

[032] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technology. For example, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for example, using dual connectivity (DC) principles. In this way, the air interface used by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., an eNB and a gNB).

[033] In other embodiments, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM Edge (GERAN) and the like.

[034] The 114b base station in Figure 1A can be a wireless router, a home Node B, a home eNode B, or a connection point, for example, and can use any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a workplace, a residence, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a highway, and the like. In one embodiment, the 114b base station and the WTRUs Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 17 / 75 9 / 49 Base stations 102c and 102d can implement a radio technology, such as IEEE 802.11, to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c and 102d can implement a radio technology, such as IEEE 802.15, to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c and 102d can use a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell. As shown in Figure 1A, base station 114b can have a direct connection to Internet 110. Therefore, base station 114b may not be necessary to access Internet 110 via CN 106 / 115.

[035] RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications and / or voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have varying Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, such as different processing capacity requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data processing capacity requirements, mobility requirements and the like. CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, location-based mobile services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions such as user authentication.Although not shown in Figure 1A, it should be considered that RAN 104 / 113 and / or CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to RAN 104 / 113, which may use NR radio technology, CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) that employs GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi radio technology.

[036] CN 106 / 115 can also serve as a gateway to WTRUs Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 18 / 75 10 / 49 Networks 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d access PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. PSTN 108 may include circuit-switched telephone networks providing conventional telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices using common communication protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and the Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. Networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks acquired and / or operated by other service providers. For example, networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as RAN 104 / 113, or a different RAT.

[037] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in communication system 100 may include multimode capabilities (for example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communication with different wireless networks via different wireless links). For example, WTRU 102c shown in Figure 1A may be configured to communicate with base station 114a, which may employ a cellular network-based radio technology, and with base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[038] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary WTRU 102. As shown in Figure 1B, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a screen / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136 and / or other peripherals 138, among others. It will be understood that the WTRU 102 may include any subcombination of the preceding elements, as long as they remain consistent with an embodiment. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 19 / 75 11 / 49

[039] Processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. Processor 118 may perform signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that allows WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. Processor 118 may be coupled to transceiver 120, which may be coupled to transmit / receive elements 122.Although Figure 1B depicts processor 118 and transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be recognized that processor 118 and transceiver 120 can be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[040] The transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit signals, or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive RF or light signals. It will be understood that the transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[041] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is represented in Figure 1B as a single element, the WTRU 102 can include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 20 / 75 12 / 49 can employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, WTRU 102 can include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) to transmit and receive wireless signals through the air interface 116.

[042] Transceiver 120 can be configured to modulate the signals that will be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, WTRU 102 can have multimodal capabilities. Thus, transceiver 120 can include multiple transceivers to allow WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11, for example.

[043] The WTRU 102 processor 118 can be coupled to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126 and / or the screen / touchpad 128 (for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 can also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keyboard 126 and / or the monitor / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 can access access information and store data in any suitable type of memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. Non-removable memory 130 can include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk or any other type of memory storage device. Removable memory 132 can include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory card, a secure digital memory card. (SD) and similar.In other configurations, processor 118 can access information and store data in memory that is not physically located in WTRU 102, such as in a server or a home computer (not shown).

[044] Processor 118 can receive power from power supply 134 and can be configured to distribute and / or control power to the others. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 21 / 75 13 / 49 components in the WTRU 102. The power supply 134 can be any device suitable for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power supply 134 can include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[045] Processor 118 can also be coupled to GPS chipset 136, which can be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) pertaining to the current location of WTRU 102. In addition to or instead of information from GPS chipset 136, WTRU 102 can receive location information via air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It should be recognized that WTRU 102 can capture location information by any suitable location determination method and still remain compatible with a mode.

[046] The processor 118 may also be coupled with other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photographs and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, hands-free headsets, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker and the like.Peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors; the sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, etc. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 22 / 75 14 / 49 a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor, a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor and / or a humidity sensor.

[047] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which the transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with a specific subframe for both UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce or substantially eliminate self-interference by means of hardware (e.g., a blocking inductor) or signal processing by means of a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or by means of processor 118). In one embodiment, the WRTU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for the UL (e.g., for transmission) or for the downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous.

[048] Figure 1C is a system diagram illustrating RAN 104 and CN 106, according to one embodiment. As noted above, RAN 104 can employ E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116. RAN 104 can also be in communication with CN 106.

[049] RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, although it will be understood that RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining compliant with a mode. Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may include one or more transceivers for communication with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via the air interface 116. In a mode, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. In this way, the eNode-B Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 23 / 75 15 / 49 160a, for example, can use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals and / or receive wireless signals from WTRU 102a.

[050] Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in the UL and / or DL, and similar tasks. As shown in Figure 1C, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c can communicate with each other via an X2 interface.

[051] The CN 106 shown in Figure 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a server gateway (SGW) 164 and a packet data network gateway (PDN) (or PGW) 166. Although each of the aforementioned elements is shown as part of the CN 106, it will be recognized that any of these elements may belong to, and / or be operated by, an entity other than the CN operator.

[052] MME 162 can be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in RAN 104 via an S1 interface and can serve as a control node. For example, MME 162 can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, for carrier activation / deactivation, for selecting a specific server gateway during an initial connection of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and similar. MME 162 can provide a control plane function for switching between RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[053] SGW 164 can be connected to each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface. SGW 164 can generally route and forward user data packets to / from WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. SGW 164 can perform other functions such as anchoring user planes during handovers between eNodeBs, initiating radio fetching when DL data is available for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 24 / 75 16 / 49 contexts of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and similar.

[054] SGW 164 can be connected to PGW 166, which can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[055] CN 106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 106 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as PSTN 108, to facilitate communication between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional fixed communication devices. For example, CN 106 can include, or communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108. Additionally, CN 106 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other 112 networks, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[056] Although the WTRU is described in Figures 1A to 1D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that, in certain representative embodiments, this terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.

[057] In representative modalities, the other 112 network may be a WLAN.

[058] A WLAN in Basic Services Set (BSS) mode may have one Access Point (AP) for the BSS and one or more Stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access to, or an interface with, a Distribution System (DS) or other type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic to STAs originating outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs. Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to the respective destinations. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 25 / 75 17 / 49 destinations. Traffic between STAs in the BSS can be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA can send traffic to the AP and the AP can distribute the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within a BSS can be considered and / or called point-to-point traffic. Point-to-point traffic can be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a Direct Link System (DLS) configuration. In certain representative modes, the DLS may use an 802.11e DLS or an 802.11z Tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an independent BSS mode (IBSS) may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g., all STAs) within or using IBSS can communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may be referred to in this document at times as an “ad hoc” communication mode.

[059] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operation, the AP can transmit an announcement on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel can have a fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz bandwidth) or a width dynamically defined through signaling. The primary channel can be the BSS's operating channel and can be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, carrier-sensing multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) can be implemented, for example, in 802.11 systems. For CSMA / CA, STAs (e.g., each STA), including the AP, can sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is picked up / detected and / or determined to be occupied by a particular STA, that specific STA can back off. An STA (e.g., only one station) can transmit at any time on a given BSS.

[060] High-capacity processing (HT) STAs can use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, by combining the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 26 / 75 18 / 49

[061] Very high processing capacity (VHT) STAs can support channels of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz and / or 160 MHz width. The 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channels can be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel can be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which can be called an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, the data, after channel encoding, can be passed through a segment analyzer that can split the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing and time-domain processing can be performed, for example, on each stream separately. Streams can be mapped to the two 80 MHz channels, and data can be transmitted via a broadcast STA.At the receiving STA receiver, the operation described above for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the medium access control (MAC).

[062] Sub-1 GHz operating modes are supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. The operating channel and carrier bandwidths are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports bandwidths of 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz in the TV whitespace spectrum (TVWS), and 802.11ah supports bandwidths of 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz using the non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah can support meter-type control / machine-type communications, such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices may have certain features, for example, limited features including support for (e.g., only support for) specific and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life exceeding a certain limit (e.g., to maintain a long battery life).

[063] WLAN systems, which can support multiple channels and bandwidths Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 27 / 75 19 / 49 channel bandwidth, such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah, includes a channel that can be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel can have, for example, a bandwidth equal to the highest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be defined and / or limited by an STA, among all STAs operating in a BSS, that supports the lowest bandwidth operating mode. In the 802.11ah example, the primary channel might have a 1 MHz bandwidth for STAs (e.g., MTC-type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support operating modes with channel bandwidths of 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or others. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the state of the primary channel.If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to an STA (which only supports a 1 MHz operating mode) transmitting to the AP, all available frequency bands can be considered occupied, although most frequency bands remain idle and may be available.

[064] In the United States, the available frequency bands that can be used by 802.11ah are those from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is from 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.

[065] Figure 1D is a system diagram illustrating RAN 113 and CN 115, according to one embodiment. As noted above, RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116. RAN 113 may also be in communication with CN 115.

[066] RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, although it will be recognized that RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs, while Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 28 / 75 20 / 49 remains consistent with one embodiment. gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communication with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a, 180b may use beamforming to transmit signals and / or receive signals from gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, gNB 180a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals and / or receive wireless signals from WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, gNB 180a can transmit multiple component carriers to WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be in the unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be in the licensed spectrum.In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can implement coordinated multipoint (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a can receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[067] WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with scalable numerology. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing can vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using scalable time intervals (e.g., containing a variable number of OFDM symbols and / or variable absolute time durations).

[068] gNBs 180a, 180b and 180c can be configured to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone and / or non-standalone configuration. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 29 / 75 21 / 49 other RANs (e.g., eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can use one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-autonomous configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate / connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating / connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in a substantially simultaneous manner.In the non-autonomous configuration, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c can serve as a mobility anchor for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can provide additional coverage and / or processing capacity for maintaining the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[069] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in the UL and / or DL, network slicing support, dual connectivity, NR and E-UTRA interoperability, user plane data routing to the user plane function (UPF) 184a, 184b, control plane information routing to the access and mobility management (AMF) function 182a, 182b, and similar. As shown in Figure 1D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can communicate with each other via an Xn interface.

[070] The CN 115 shown in Figure 1D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a data network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although each of the aforementioned elements is shown as part of the CN 115, it will be recognized that any of these elements may Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 30 / 75 22 / 49 belong to, and / or be operated by, an entity different from the CN operator.

[071] The AMF 182a, 182b can be connected to one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in RAN 113 via an N2 interface and can serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b can be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a specific SMF 183a, 183b, managing the log area, terminating NAS signaling, managing mobility, and the like. Network slicing can be used by AMF 182a, 182b to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services used by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.For example, different network slices can be established for different use cases such as services that rely on ultra-reliable low-latency access (URLLC), services that rely on mass mobile broadband access (eMBB), services for machine-type communication (MTC) access, and / or similar services. AMF 162 can provide a control plane function to switch between RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as Wi-Fi.

[072] SMF 183a, 183b can be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b on CN 115 via an N11 interface. SMF 183a, 183b can also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b on CN 115 via an N4 interface. SMF 183a, 183b can select and control UPF 184a, 184b and configure traffic routing through UPF 184a, 184b. SMF 183a and 183b can perform other functions such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy and QoS enforcement, providing downlink data notifications, and similar functions. A PDU session type can be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, and similar.

[073] UPF 184a, 184b can be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 31 / 75 23 / 49 180b, 180c in RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communication between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. UPF 184 and 184b can perform other functions such as packet routing and forwarding, user plane policy enforcement, support for multi-base PDU sessions, user plane QoS handling, temporary storage of downlink packets, provision of mobility tethering, and the like.

[074] CN 115 can facilitate communications with other networks. For example, CN 115 can include, or communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem server (IMS)) that serves as an interface between CN 115 and PSTN 108. In addition, CN 115 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other 112 networks, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can be connected to a local data network (DN) 185a, 185b via UPF 184a, 184b via interface N3 to UPF 184a, 184b and an interface N6 between UPF 184a, 184b and DN 185a, 185b.

[075] In the views of Figures 1A to 1D and the corresponding description of Figures 1A to 1D, one or more, or all, of the functions described in this document in relation to one or more of the following: WTRU 102a-d, base station 114a-b, eNode B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-ab, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b and / or any other devices described in this document may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). Emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described in this document. For example, emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 32 / 75 24 / 49

[076] Emulation devices can be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a laboratory environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, one or more emulation devices can perform one or more, or all, of the functions while being fully or partially implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. One or more emulation devices can perform one or more, or all, of the functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The emulation device can be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or can perform tests using wireless communications over the air.

[077] One or more emulation devices may perform one or more, including all, of the functions while not implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, emulation devices may be used in a test scenario in a test laboratory and / or in an undeployed wired and / or wireless communication network (e.g., test), to implement the testing of one or more components. One or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communications via RF circuits (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[078] This application describes a variety of aspects, including tools, resources, examples, models, approaches, etc. Many of these aspects are described with specificity and, at least to show individual characteristics, are often described in a way that may seem limiting. However, this serves the purposes of clarity in the description and does not limit the application or the scope of these aspects. In fact, all the different Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 33 / 75 25 / 49 aspects can be combined and interchanged to provide additional aspects. Furthermore, aspects can also be combined and interchanged with aspects described in previous filings.

[079] The aspects described and contemplated in this application can be implemented in many different ways. Figure 3 described in this document may provide some examples, but other examples are contemplated. The discussion of Figure 3 does not limit the scope of the implementations. At least one aspect refers, in general, to video encoding and decoding, and at least one other aspect refers, in general, to the transmission of a generated or encoded bitstream. These and other aspects can be implemented as a method, a device, a computer-readable storage medium with instructions stored therein for encoding or decoding video data according to the methods described, and / or a computer-readable storage medium with a bitstream stored therein generated according to the methods described.

[080] In the present application, the terms “reconstructed” and “decoded” may be used interchangeably, the terms “pixel” and “sample” may be used interchangeably, the terms “image,” “figuration,” and “frame” may be used interchangeably.

[081] Several methods are described in this document, and each method comprises one or more steps or actions to achieve the described method. Unless a specific order of steps or actions is required for the proper operation of the method, the order and / or use of specific steps and / or actions may be modified or combined. Additionally, terms such as “first,” “second,” etc., may be used in various examples to modify an element, component, step, operation, etc., such as, for example, a “first decoding” and a “second decoding.” The use of these terms does not imply an order in the modified operations unless specifically required. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 34 / 75 26 / 49 Thus, in this example, the first decoding does not need to be performed before the second decoding and can occur, for example, before, during, or at a time overlapping with the second decoding.

[082] Several numerical values ​​are used in examples describing the present application for the purpose of illustrating the examples, and the aspects described are not limited to those specific values.

[083] Figure 2 is a diagram showing an example of a system in which various aspects and examples described in this document can be implemented. The 400 system can be incorporated as a device that includes the various components described in this document and is configured to perform one or more of the aspects described in this document. Examples of such devices include, but are not limited to, various electronic devices such as personal computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, digital multimedia signal decoders, digital television receivers, personal video recording systems, connected home appliances, and servers. The elements of the 400 system, individually or in combination, can be incorporated into a single integrated circuit (IC), multiple ICs, and / or distinct components.For example, in at least one instance, the processing elements and encoders / decoders of the 400 system are distributed across multiple ICs and / or distinct components. In several instances, the 400 system is communicatively coupled to one or more other systems, or other electronic devices, through, for example, a communication bus or through dedicated input and / or output ports. In several instances, the 400 system is configured to implement one or more of the aspects described in this document.

[084] The 400 system includes at least one 410 processor configured to execute instructions loaded into it to implement, for example, the various aspects described in this document. The 410 processor may include embedded memory, input / output interface, and various sets of circuits as Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 35 / 75 27 / 49 known in the art. The 400 system includes at least one 420 memory (e.g., volatile memory device, and / or a non-volatile memory device). The 400 system includes a 440 storage device, which may include non-volatile memory and / or volatile memory, including, but not limited to, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), flash memory, magnetic disk drive, and / or optical disk drive. The 440 storage device may include an internal storage device, an attached storage device (including removable and non-removable devices), and / or a network-accessible storage device, by way of non-limiting examples.

[085] The 400 system includes a 430 encoder / decoder module configured, for example, to process data to provide an encoded or decoded video, and the 430 encoder / decoder module may include its own processor and memory. The 430 encoder / decoder module represents the module (or modules) that may be included in a device to perform the encoding and / or decoding functions. As is known, a device may include one or both encoding and decoding modules. Furthermore, the 430 encoder / decoder module may be implemented as a separate element of the 400 system or may be incorporated within the 410 processor as a hardware and software combination as is known to those skilled in the art.

[086] The program code that will be loaded into processor 410 or encoder / decoder 430 to execute the various aspects described in this document can be stored in storage device 440 and subsequently loaded into memory 420 for execution by the processor. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 36 / 75 28 / 49 410. According to various examples, one or more of the processor 410, memory 420, storage device 440, and encoder / decoder 430 may store one or more of several items during the performance of the processes described in this document. These stored items may include, but are not limited to, the input video, the decoded video or portions of the decoded video, the bitstream, matrices, variables, and intermediate or final results from the processing of equations, formulas, operations, and operational logic.

[087] In some examples, the memory inside the 410 processor and / or the 430 encoder / decoder module is used to store instructions and provide working memory for processing needed during encoding or decoding. In other examples, however, memory external to the processing device (for example, the processing device may be the 410 processor or the 430 encoder / decoder module) is used for one or more of these functions. The external memory may be the 420 memory and / or the 440 storage device, for example, dynamic volatile memory and / or non-volatile flash memory. In several examples, external non-volatile flash memory is used to store the operating system, for example, of a television. In at least one example, fast external dynamic volatile memory, such as RAM, is used as working memory for video encoding and decoding operations.

[088] Input to the 400 system elements may be provided through various input devices, as indicated in block 445. These input devices include, but are not limited to, (i) a radio frequency (RF) portion that receives an RF signal transmitted, for example, through the air by a broadcaster, (ii) a Component Input (COMP) terminal (or a set of COMP input terminals), (iii) a Universal Serial Bus (USB) input terminal, and / or (iv) an Interface input terminal. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 37 / 75 29 / 49 High-Definition Multimedia (HDMI). Other examples, not shown in Figure 2, include composite video.

[089] In several examples, the input devices of the 445 block have respective associated processing elements as known in the art. For example, the RF portion may be associated with elements suitable for (i) selecting a desired frequency (also called selecting a signal, or limiting the bandwidth of a signal to a frequency band), (ii) downconverting the selected signal, (iii) limiting the bandwidth again to a narrower frequency band to select (for example) a signal frequency band that may be called a channel in certain examples, (iv) demodulating the downconverted and bandwidth-limited signal, (v) performing error correction, and (vi) demultiplexing to select the desired stream of data packets.The RF portion of several examples includes one or more elements to perform these functions, for example, frequency selectors, signal selectors, band limiters, channel selectors, filters, down-converters, demodulators, error correctors, and demultiplexers. The RF portion may include a tuner that performs several of these functions, including, for example, down-converting the signal to a lower frequency (e.g., an intermediate frequency or a frequency close to baseband) or to baseband. In a signal decoder example, the RF portion and its associated input processing element receive an RF signal transmitted through a wired medium (e.g., cable), and performs frequency selection by filtering, down-conversion, and filtering again to a desired frequency band.Several examples rearrange the order of the elements described above (and others), remove some of these elements, and / or add other elements that perform similar or different functions. The addition of elements may include inserting elements between existing elements, such as, for example, inserting amplifiers and an analog-to-digital converter. In several examples, the portion of... Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 38 / 75 30 / 49 RF includes an antenna.

[090] Additionally, the USB and / or HDMI terminals may include the respective interface processors for connecting the 400 system to other electronic devices via USB and / or HDMI connections. It should be understood that various aspects of input processing, for example, Reed-Solomon error correction, may be implemented, for example, in a separate input processing IC or in the 410 processor, as needed. Similarly, aspects of USB or HDMI interface processing may be implemented in separate interface ICs or in the 410 processor as needed. The demodulated, error-corrected, and demultiplexed stream is provided to various processing elements, including, for example, the 410 processor and the 430 encoder / decoder operating in combination with the memory and storage elements to process the data stream as needed for presentation on an output device.

[091] Several elements of the 400 system can be provided in an integrated enclosure. In the integrated enclosure, the various elements can be interconnected and transmit data between each other using a suitable connection arrangement 425, for example, an internal bus as known in the art, including the Inter-IC (I2C) bus, wiring and printed circuit boards.

[092] The 400 system includes a 450 communication interface that allows communication with other devices via a 460 communication channel. The 450 communication interface may include, but is not limited to, a transceiver configured to transmit and receive data via the 460 communication channel. The communication interface may include, but is not limited to, a modem or network card, and the 460 communication channel may be implemented, for example, within a wired and / or wireless medium.

[093] The data is transmitted by streaming or otherwise provided to the 400 system, in several examples using a wireless network, such as Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 39 / 75 31 / 49 a Wi-Fi network, for example, IEEE 802.11 (IEEE refers to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). The Wi-Fi signal in these examples is received through communication channel 460 and communication interface 450, which are adapted for Wi-Fi communication. Communication channel 460 in these examples is typically connected to an access point or router that provides access to external networks, including the Internet, to enable streaming applications and other over-the-top communications. Other examples provide streamed data to system 400 using a signal decoder that delivers the data through the HDMI connection of input block 445. Still other examples provide streamed data to system 400 using the RF connection of input block 445. As indicated above, several examples provide data in a non-streaming-based manner.Additionally, several examples use wireless networks other than Wi-Fi, for example, a cellular network or a Bluetooth® network.

[094] The 400 system can provide an output signal to various output devices, including a 475 display, 485 speakers, and other 495 peripheral devices. The 475 display in various examples includes one or more of, for example, a touch screen, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, a curved display, and / or a foldable display. The display may be intended for a television, a tablet, a laptop, a mobile phone, or another device. The display may also be integrated into other components (for example, as in a smartphone) or be separate (for example, an external monitor for a laptop). Other 495 peripheral devices include, in various examples, one or more of a digital video disc (or digital versatile disc) (DVD, for both terms), a disc player, a stereo sound system, and / or a lighting system. Various examples use one or more 495 peripheral devices that provide a function based on the output of the 400 system.For example, a disc player performs the function of playing back the output of system 400.

[095] In several examples, control signals are communicated between the Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 40 / 75 32 / 49 system 400 and the display 475, speakers 485 or other peripheral devices 495 using signaling such as AV.Link, Consumer Electronics Control (CEC) or other communication protocols that enable device-to-device control, with or without user intervention. Output devices can be communicatively coupled to system 400 via dedicated connections through respective interfaces 470, 480 and 490. Alternatively, output devices can be connected to system 400 using communication channel 460 via communication interface 450. The display 475 and speakers 485 can be integrated into a single unit with the other components of system 400 in an electronic device such as, for example, a television. In several examples, the display interface 470 includes a display driver, such as, for example, a timing controller chip (T-Con).

[096] The screen 475 and the speakers 485 may alternatively be separated from one or more of the other components, for example, if the RF portion of input 445 is part of a separate signal decoder. In several instances where the screen 475 and the speakers 485 are external components, the output signal may be provided via dedicated output connections, including, for example, HDMI ports, USB ports or COMP outputs.

[097] The examples may be executed by computer software implemented by the 410 processor or by hardware, or by a combination of hardware and software. As a non-limiting example, the examples may be implemented by one or more integrated circuits. The 420 memory may be of any type suitable to the technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as optical memory devices, magnetic memory devices, semiconductor-based memory devices, fixed memory, and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. The 410 processor may be of any type suitable to the technical environment and may encompass one or more microprocessors, computers Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 41 / 75 33 / 49 general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, and processors based on a multi-core architecture are, as non-limiting examples.

[098] Note that the syntax elements used in this document, for example, latent vector encoding syntax, attention values, etc., are descriptive terms. Therefore, they do not preclude the use of other syntax element names.

[099] When a figure is presented as a flow diagram, it should be understood that it also represents a block diagram of a corresponding device. Similarly, when a figure is presented as a block diagram, it should be understood that it also represents a flow diagram of the corresponding method / process.

[0100] The implementations and aspects described in this document can be implemented, for example, in a method or process, a device, a software program, a data stream, or a signal. Even if discussed only in the context of a single implementation form (e.g., discussed only as a method), the implementation of discussed features can also be implemented in other forms (e.g., a device or program). A device can be implemented, for example, in suitable hardware, software, and firmware. Methods can be implemented, for example, in a processor, which refers to processing devices in general, including, for example, a computer, a microprocessor, an integrated circuit, or a programmable logic device.Processors also include communication devices, such as computers, cell phones, portable / personal digital assistants (PDAs), and other devices that facilitate the communication of information between end users.

[0101] The reference to “an example” or “a model” or “an implementation,” as well as other variations of these terms, means that a specific feature, structure, characteristic, and so forth are described collectively. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 42 / 75 34 / 49 with the example is included in at least one example. Thus, the appearance of the phrase in one (1) example or “in an example” or “in an (1) implementation” or “in an implementation”, as well as any other variations, which appear in various places throughout this application, does not necessarily refer to the same example.

[0102] Additionally, this application may refer to “determining” various information. Determining information may include one or more of, for example, estimating information, calculating information, predicting information, or retrieving information from memory. Obtaining may include receiving, retrieving, constructing, generating, and / or determining.

[0103] Furthermore, this request may refer to “accessing” various information. Access to information may include one or more of, for example, receiving information, retrieving information (e.g., from memory), storing information, moving information, copying information, calculating information, determining information, predicting information, or estimating information.

[0104] Additionally, this application may refer to “receiving” various information. Receiving, as with “accessing,” is intended to be a broad term. Receiving information may include one or more of, for example, accessing information or retrieving information (e.g., from memory). Furthermore, “receiving” is typically involved, in one way or another, during operations such as, for example, storing information, processing information, transmitting information, moving information, copying information, deleting information, calculating information, determining information, predicting information, or estimating information.

[0105] It should be considered that the use of any of the following “ / ”, “and / or”, and “at least one of”, for example in the cases of “A / B”, “A and / or B” and “at least one of A and B”, is intended to cover the selection of only the first option mentioned (A), or the selection of only the second option mentioned (B), or the Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 43 / 75 35 / 49 selection of both options (A and B). As a further example, in the cases of “A, B and / or C” and “at least one of A, B and C”, this phrase is intended to cover the selection of only the first option mentioned (A), or the selection of only the second option mentioned (B), or the selection of only the third option mentioned (C), or the selection of only the first and second options mentioned (A and B), or the selection of only the first and third options mentioned (A and C), or the selection of only the second and third options mentioned (B and C), or the selection of all three options (A and B and C). This can be extended, as will become clear to those versed in this technique and related techniques, to as many items as are mentioned.

[0106] Also, as used here, the word “signal” refers to, among other things, indicating something to a corresponding decoder. Encoder signals may include, for example, an indication of motion stream data, an indication of quantized motion stream data, etc. Thus, in one example, the same parameter is used on both the encoder and decoder sides. Thus, for example, an encoder may transmit (explicit signaling) a specific parameter to the decoder so that the decoder can use the same specific parameter. On the other hand, if the decoder already has the specific parameter, as do others, then signaling may be used without transmission (implicit signaling) just to allow the decoder to know and select the specific parameter. By avoiding the transmission of any actual functions, a saving of bits is achieved in several examples.It should be considered that signaling can be carried out in a variety of ways. For example, one or more syntax elements, flags, among others, are used to signal information to a corresponding decoder in various examples. While what has been previously mentioned refers to the verbal form of the word "signal," the word "signal" can also be used in this document as a noun. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 44 / 75 36 / 49

[0107] As will be evident to those skilled in the art, implementations can produce a variety of formatted signals to transmit information that can, for example, be stored or transmitted. The information may include, for example, instructions to execute a method, or data produced by one of the described implementations. For example, a signal may be formatted to carry the bitstream of a described example. Such a signal may be formatted, for example, as an electromagnetic wave (e.g., using a radio frequency portion of the spectrum) or as a baseband signal. The formatting may include, for example, encoding a data stream and modulating a carrier with the encoded data stream. The information that the signal transmits may be, for example, analog or digital information. The signal may be transmitted over a variety of different wired or wireless links, as is known.The signal can be stored, accessed, or received from a processor-readable medium.

[0108] Many examples are described in this document. Example features may be provided alone or in any combination, through various categories and types of claims. In addition, examples may include one or more of the features, devices, or aspects described in this document, individually or in any combination, through various categories and types of claims. For example, the features described in this document may be implemented in a bitstream or signal that includes information generated as described in this document. The information may allow a decoder to decode a bitstream, the encoder, the bitstream, and / or the decoder being according to any of the embodiments described. For example, the features described in this document may be implemented by creating and / or transmitting and / or receiving and / or decoding a bitstream or signal.For example, the resources described in this document can be implemented through a method, process, device, instruction storage medium, or data storage medium. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 45 / 75 37 / 49 or signal. For example, the features described in this document can be implemented by a TV, signal decoder, cell phone, tablet, or other electronic device that performs decoding. The TV, signal decoder, cell phone, tablet, or other electronic device can display (for example, using a monitor, screen, or other type of video) a resulting image (for example, a residual reconstruction image of the video bitstream). The TV, signal decoder, cell phone, tablet, or other electronic device can receive a signal including an encoded image and perform decoding.

[0109] Systems, methods, and tools are disclosed in this document to support the features of visited public terrestrial mobile network (VPLMN) specific rules. Implementations are disclosed in which a PCF (Policy Control Function) can determine whether a WTRU supports the VPLMN-specific URSP (Ue Route Selection Policy) rules feature. The PCF can use this information to determine when to update an unsupported WTRU with VPLMN-specific URSP rules. The PCF can determine whether the WTRU supports the VPLMN-specific rules feature and can configure a NWDAF (Network Data Analysis Function) to monitor how the WTRU applies the URSP rules. If the WTRU does not support the VPLMN-specific rules feature, the PCF can subscribe to the AMF to receive notifications of the WTRU's registered PLMN ID so that it knows when to update the WTRU.If the WTRU supports the VPLMN-specific rules feature, the PCF can immediately update or reconfigure the WTRU.

[0110] A WTRU may or may not support a version of URSP. In the examples, a first PCF may be a home PCF (H-PCF), wherein the PCF may be on a network considered to be the home network of a WTRU. A second PCF may be a visited PCF (V-PCF), wherein the second PCF may be on a network considered to be a visited network of a WTRU.

[0111] The first PCF may receive an initial message indicating whether Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 46 / 75 38 / 49 A WTRU supports the VPLMN-specific rules feature. The first message can be received, for example, from an AMF or a UDR. The first message can be, for example, an EU STATUS INDICATION message that can be received from a WTRU via the AMF. The EU STATUS INDICATION message can include, for example, an EU policy class tag information element that can indicate whether the WTRU supports the VPLMN-specific rules feature.

[0112] The first PCF can receive a second message from a second PCF. The second message may include, for example, service parameters. The first PCF can determine that the service parameters are associated with the WTRU.

[0113] The first PCF can send a first reply message to the second message received from the second PCF. Under the condition that the first message indicates that the WTRU does not support the VPLMN-specific rules feature, the first reply message can indicate that service parameters should not be used to generate URSP rules for the WTRU. Under the condition that the first message indicates that the WTRU does not support the VPLMN-specific rules feature, the first reply message can indicate that service parameters can be used to generate URSP rules for the WTRU, and that the WTRU can be sent, for example, only be sent, if the WTRU is registered with the VPLMN.

[0114] Provided that the first message indicates that the WTRU supports the VPLMN-specific rules feature, the first reply message may indicate that the service parameters will be used to generate URSP rules for the WTRU, and that the URSP rules will be sent to the WTRU immediately or the next time the WTRU is in the CM-CONNECTED state.

[0115] The first reply message may be a notification indicating that the policies have been delivered to WTRU, and the notification may also Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 47 / 75 39 / 49 indicate whether WTRU has indicated support for receiving specific VPLMN URSP rules.

[0116] Provided that the first message indicates that the WTRU does not support the VPLMN-specific rules feature, the first PCF can send a subscription request to a network function to receive a notification if the WTRU is registered in the PLMN associated with the service parameters, and receive a notification from the network function that the WTRU is registered in the PLMN. The network function can be, for example, an AMF.

[0117] The first PCF may send a third message to the WTRU. The third message may include the specific VPLMN rules that were built based on the service parameters. If the first message indicates that the WTRU does not support the specific VPLMN rules feature, the PCF may reactivate sending the message to the WTRU based on receiving notification that the WTRU is registered with the PLMN. If the first message indicates that the WTRU does not support the specific VPLMN rules feature, the third message may not include an information element indicating an association between PLMN(s) and UPSI(s).

[0118] Provided that the first message indicates that the WTRU supports the VPLMN-specific rules feature, the PCF may reactivate message sending to the WTRU based on receipt of the second message. Provided that the first message indicates that the WTRU supports the VPLMN-specific rules feature, the third message may include an information element indicating an association between PLMN(s) and UPSI(s).

[0119] EU Route Selection Policy (URSP) rules can describe the relationship between traffic flows and their corresponding routing. If the traffic is initiated by a WTRU application, the WTRU can use URSP rules to determine the desired characteristics for the PDU Session that can carry the application traffic. An example of the characteristics of a Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 48 / 75 40 / 49 PDU sessions are the DNN, the S-NSSAI, and the SSC mode that is associated with the PDU session.

[0120] The URSP rule can be a policy used by WTRU to determine how outbound traffic should be routed. Traffic can be routed to an established PDU Session, can be offloaded to non-3GPP access outside of a PDU Session, can be routed through a UE-to-Layer 3 ProSe Network relay outside of a PDU Session, or can re-establish a new PDU Session.

[0121] Each URSP rule can consist of two parts. The first part of the URSP rule can be a traffic descriptor, which can be used to determine when the rule is applicable. A URSP rule can be considered applicable if all components of the traffic descriptor match the corresponding application information. The second part of the URSP rule can be a list of Route Selection Descriptors (RSDs). The list of Route Selection Descriptors can contain one or more Route Selection Descriptors. RSDs can be listed in order of priority and can describe the characteristics of a PDU Session that can be used to transport uplink application data. The characteristics of a PDU session include SSC Mode, DNN, and S-NSSAI.Alternatively, the RSD may include an indication of non-continuous offloading, which may indicate that traffic may be sent via non-3GPP access (e.g., Wi-Fi) and outside of any PDU Session.

[0122] For each newly detected application, WTRU may evaluate the URSP rules in Rule Precedence order and determine if the application matches the traffic descriptor of any URSP rule. If a URSP rule is deemed applicable to a given application, WTRU may select a Route Selection Descriptor within that URSP rule in Route Selection Descriptor Precedence order.

[0123] If a valid Route Selection Descriptor is found, the WTRU Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 49 / 75 41 / 49 can determine if an existing PDU Session matches all components of the selected Route Selection Descriptor. If a matching PDU Session exists, WTRU can associate the application with the existing PDU Session; that is, WTRU can route traffic from the detected application through that PDU Session. If none of the existing PDU Sessions match the RSD, WTRU can attempt to establish a new PDU Session using the values ​​specified by the selected Route Selection Descriptor.

[0124] If the RSD includes a Non-Continuous Offload indication, the WTRU may attempt to use a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) access network to transmit the data outside of a PDU Session. WLANSP (WLAN Selection Policy) rules may have been used to select the WLAN access network.

[0125] Since an application's traffic is associated with a PDU Session, an event can cause the WTRU to re-evaluate the URSP rules and associate the application's traffic with a different PDU Session. Two examples of events that can trigger URSP re-evaluation are an implementation-dependent re-evaluation timer and the WTRU establishing access to a Wi-Fi network that provides internet access without using the 5G System (for example, when Non-Continuous Offloading becomes possible).

[0126] A Traffic Descriptor can be an Application Descriptor, an IP Descriptor, a Domain Descriptor, a non-IP Descriptor, a DNN, or connection resources. An IP Descriptor can be destination IP tuple(s) (e.g., an IP address or IPv6 network prefix, port number, and protocol ID above the IP).

[0127] PCF may provide WTRU with one or more WTRU policies. PCF may provide each WTRU policy using one or more WTRU policy sections, each identified by a UPSI (EU Policy Selection Identifier). Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 50 / 75 42 / 49

[0128] URSP rules can be a type of WTRU policy.

[0129] VPLMN-specific URSP rules may be provided. A VPLMN-specific URSP rule may be applicable if the WTRU can be registered with the VPLMN and its equivalent PLMNs. VPLMN-specific URSP rules may be provided by the HPLMN and may contain, based on agreements with a VPLMN, HPLMN values ​​for Network Slice Selection Policies and DNN Selection Policies.

[0130] PCF can provide WTRU with a mapping that includes PLMN IDs and policy section identifiers. The mapping table can indicate which policy sections (e.g., which URSP rules) should be applied, for example, should only be applied if WTRU is registered in the identified PLMNs.

[0131] The mapping table can also be called a tuple. The policy sections can be identified by a UPSI.

[0132] If the WTRU is registered with a PLMN where a specific PLMN URSP rule applies, the WTRU may evaluate the specific PLMN URSP rules over URSP rules that are not associated with a specific PLMN or HPLMN.

[0133] If the WTRU does not support the information element that carries the mapping table, the WTRU may not support the VPLMN-specific URSP rules feature. If the mapping table is sent to an unsupported WTRU, the WTRU may ignore the mapping table and still apply the URSP rules. However, the unsupported WTRU may not know that it should prioritize VPLMN-specific URSP rules over other URSP rules and therefore may evaluate them in a different order than a supporting WTRU.

[0134] Monitoring of URSP rule enforcement can be provided. WTRU PCF can register to obtain monitoring statistics of Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 51 / 75 43 / 49 known traffic, as per provisioned URSP rule(s). The PCF can configure this subscription in the NWDAF and the NWDAF can provide the statistics. If the PCF of a WTRU is notified that there is traffic that is not expected according to a URSP rule, the WTRU's PCF can adjust the URSP rules because unexpected application traffic was detected.

[0135] A PCF can determine whether a WTRU supports the VPLMN-specific URSP rules feature. The PCF can use this information to determine when to update an unsupported WTRU with VPLMN-specific URSP rules. By explaining how the PCF can determine WTRU support for the VPLMN-specific rules feature, the PCF can properly configure NWDAF to monitor how the WTRU applies the URSP rules.

[0136] Configuration based on UR support for VPLMN-specific URSP rules can be provided.

[0137] The WTRU can include, in the NAS Registration message, a vplmn-specific-ursp-support-indication indicating that the WTRU supports receiving VPLMN-specific URSP rules. The vplmn-specific-ursp-support-indication can indicate that the WTRU understands the mapping table. This indication can be included in the 5GMM capacity information element. The AMF can receive this indication and send it to the PCF that is selected by the AMF to serve the WTRU in the AM Policy Association. The PCF that is selected by the AMF to serve the WTRU in the AM Policy Association can be called the H-PCF.

[0138] H-PCF may receive the vplmn-specific-ursp-support designation from AMF.

[0139] If AMF indicates to PCF that WTRU supports the VPLMN-specific URSP rules feature, then PCF may decide to send the mapping table and VPLMN-specific URSP rules to WTRU. The mapping table and VPLMN-specific URSP rules may be sent to WTRU in the Registration Acceptance message or in an Update. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 52 / 75 44 / 49 WTRU configuration initiated by H-PCF.

[0140] If the AMF indicates to the PCF that the WTRU does not support the VPLMN-specific URSP rules feature, or if the AMF does not provide any indication that the WTRU supports VPLMN-specific URSP rules, then the H-PCF may not send a mapping table to the WTRU and may send to the WTRU some URSP rules that are suitable to be applied, for example, only suitable to be applied when the WTRU is on the PLMN where the WTRU is currently registered (e.g., a first PLMN). The PCF may also subscribe to the AMF to receive a notification if / when the WTRU's registered PLMN changes.If / when the PCF receives a notification that the PLMN in which the WTRU is registered has changed (for example, the WTRU is not registered in the second PLMN), the PCF may choose to remove any URSP rules that are suitable to be applied, for example, only suitable to be applied when the WTRU is in the first PLMN, and also send the WTRU URSP rules that are suitable to be applied, for example, only suitable to be applied when the WTRU is in the second PLMN. The PCF may update the rules by sending a WTRU Configuration Update.

[0141] The PCF can be informed whether or not the WTRU supports the VPLMN-specific URSP rules feature and therefore the PCF can know which URSP rules will be applied by the WTRU, as well as being able to properly configure the NWDAF to monitor how the WTRU applies the URSP rules.

[0142] If H-PCF receives service parameters from V-PCF, H-PCF can determine how to respond to V-PCF based on the support indication received from AMF. For example, if WTRU does not support the feature, H-PCF can respond to V-PCF with an indication that WTRU does not support the feature and that the service parameters cannot be used to generate URSP rules for WTRU. If WTRU does not support the feature, H-PCF can respond to V-PCF with Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 53 / 75 45 / 49 an indication that the WTRU does not support the feature, that service parameters will be used to generate URSP rules for the WTRU, and that URSP rules can be sent to the WTRU, for example, only if the WTRU is registered with the VPLMN. If the WTRU does not support the feature, the H-PCF may respond to the V-PCF with an indication that the WTRU does not support the feature, that service parameters can be used to generate URSP rules for the WTRU, and that URSP rules can be sent to the WTRU immediately or the next time the WTRU is in the CM-CONNECTED state.

[0143] Figure 3 represents an example of a procedure for determining an indication of URSP support. As shown in Figure 3, the H-PCF can determine whether the WTRU supports the VPLMN-specific URSP rules feature and determine when to deliver the VPLMN-specific URSP rules to the WTRU.

[0144] With reference to Figure 3, in 1, a WTRU can send a Registration Request message to AMF. The Registration Request message can include a vplmn-specific-ursp-support-indication.

[0145] In 2, the AMF can, for example, optionally invoke a UDM (Unified Data Management) service to provide the UDM with an indication that the WTRU supports the VPLMN-specific URSP rules feature. The UDM can store this indication in the WTRU context in the UDR. The AMF can provide this indication when the AMF invokes the Nudm_UECM_Registration feature during the registration feature.

[0146] In 3, the AMF can select a PCF, for example, H-PCF, to serve the WTRU for AM Policy Association (e.g., serve as the H-PCF). The AMF can consider the WTRU's support for the VPLMN-specific URSP rules feature when selecting a PCF. For example, if the WTRU supports the feature, the AMF can determine to select an H-PCF that can receive VPLMN Service Parameters from V-PCF(s). The AMF can, for example, Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 54 / 75 46 / 49 Alternatively, provide a supporting indication when requesting that the NRF select a PCF to support the WTRU. Once an H-PCF is selected, the AMF can execute an AM Policy Association Establishment or Modification procedure with the H-PCF, and the AMF can provide the WTRU supporting indication if / when the AMF invokes the Npcf_AMPolicyControl_Create service. The H-PCF can, for example, alternatively be reactivated to read the WTRU context information in the UDR if / when the Npcf_AMPolicyControl_Create service is invoked, and can verify whether the WTRU context indicates that the WTRU supports the VPLMN-specific URSP rules feature.

[0147] In 4, the V-PCF may receive a request to configure one or more WTRUs with VPLMN-specific URSP rules. The request may originate from the V-UDR. The V-UDR may have been reactivated to send the request via an AF. The V-UDR may send the service parameters to the V-PCF in a Nudr_DM_Notify message.

[0148] In 5, V-PCF can send Service Parameters to H-PCF to request that H-PCF use the Service Parameters to generate specific VPLMN rules for WTRU. V-PCF can send this information by invoking the H-PCF Npcf_UEPolicyControl_Update request service operation.

[0149] In 6, the H-PCF can respond to the V-PCF with an indication of whether the Service Parameters can be used to generate specific VPLMN rules for the WTRU. The H-PCF message can indicate whether the HPCF can send the specific VPLMN URSP rules to the WTRU the next time the WTRU is in CM-CONNECTED mode or when, for example, only when the WTRU is registered with the VPLMN. The H-PCF response can be sent in the Npcf_UEPolicyControl_Update response service operation.

[0150] In 7, if the H-PCF has determined in 3 that the WTRU does not support the specific VPLMN URSP feature, the H-PCF may apply to the AMF for Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 55 / 75 47 / 49 receive a notification if WTRU registers with the PLMN or changes the PLMN with which it is registered. H-PCF can invoke the AMF Namf_EventExposure service to configure this subscription.

[0151] In 8, AMF can send a notification to H-PCF to indicate to HPCF that WTRU is registered in VPLMN. AMF can send this information to H-PCF in a Namf_EventExposure_Notify service operation.

[0152] In 9, the H-PCF can send the VPLMN-specific URSP rules to the WTRU. The rules can be sent to the WTRU in a WTRU Configuration Update Message. The H-PCF can include, for example, only the mapping table if the H-PCF has previously received (in 3) an indication that the WTRU supports the feature. If the WTRU does not support the feature, the H-PCF can be reactivated to send the VPLMN-specific URSP rules when it receives a notification from the AMF that the WTRU is registered with the VPLMN. If the WTRU does not support the feature, the H-PCF is reactivated to send the VPLMN-specific URSP rules after receiving the service parameters (in 5) and detecting that the WTRU is in connected mode. WTRU can then apply VPLMN-specific URSP rules if new traffic is detected by WTRU, if WTRU changes the PLMNs, or if new URSP rules are received.

[0153] After delivering the policies to WTRU in 9, H-PCF can send a notification (e.g., Npcf_EventExposure_Notify) indicating that the policies have been delivered to WTRU, and the notification can also indicate whether WTRU has indicated support for receiving VPLMN-specific URSP rules. The indication can be used by the recipient to know whether VPLMN service parameters were used to generate VPLMN-specific URSP rules for WTRU or whether service parameters will be used to update WTRU URSP rules when WTRU registers with VPLMN. The notification recipient can be an AF (Application Function) or a V-PCF. The V-PCF can forward the Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 56 / 75 48 / 49 notification for a V-AF. Including the indication of support for VPLMN-specific URSP rules in this notification may be an alternative to indicating (in 6) the possibility of H-PCF sending VPLMN-specific URSP rules to WTRU the next time WTRU is in CM-CONNECTED mode or only when WTRU is registered with VPLMN.

[0154] WTRU support detection of VPLMN-specific URSP rules can be provided. In the implementation examples described in conjunction with Figure 3, WTRU can indicate that a support indication can be included in the 5GMM Capability information element.

[0155] WTRU can, for example, alternatively send an EU STATUS INDICATION message to H-PCF. The EU STATUS INDICATION may include an indication that WTRU supports specific VPLMN URSP rules in the EU policy class tag IE.

[0156] H-PCF can, for example, alternatively send the mapping table information element to WTRU in a policy section. The policy section can be identified by a UPSI. H-PCF can infer that WTRU does not support VPLMN-specific URSP rules until WTRU sends an EU STATE INDICATION message to H-PCF. The EU STATE INDICATION message can indicate that the UPSI that includes the mapping table can be stored in WTRU.

[0157] Although resources and elements are described in this document in specific combinations, one skilled in the art will understand that each resource or element can be used individually or in any combination with the other resources and elements. Furthermore, the methods described in this document can be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware embedded in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted by wired or wireless connections). Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 57 / 75 49 / 49 wire) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memories (ROM), random access memories (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard drives and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROMs and digital versatile discs (DVDs). A processor in conjunction with software can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 58 / 75

Claims

1 / 4 CLAIMS 1. Network node CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: a processor configured to: determine that a wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU) is not configured to support route selection policy rules; receive a first message, wherein the first message comprises service parameters associated with the WTRU, the service parameters apply if the WTRU is registered with a first visited public terrestrial mobile network (VPLMN) and the service parameters are for use in generating route selection policy rules for the WTRU; under a condition that the WTRU is not configured to support route selection policy rules, send a second message, wherein the second message indicates that route selection policy rules should be sent to the WTRU if the WTRU is registered with the first VPLMN; receive a third message from a network function;Generate route selection policy rules applicable to the WTRU while the WTRU is located in the first VPLMN; and under the condition that the third message indicates that the WTRU is registered in the first VPLMN, send a fourth message to the WTRU, wherein the fourth message comprises the route selection policy rules generated for the WTRU while it is in the first VPLMN.

2. Network node, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it additionally comprises computing memory, wherein the computing memory has stored therein a policy control function (PCF).

3. Network node, according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED in that the PCF is a domestic PCF (H-PCF).

4. Network node, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by Petition 870250089715, dated 10 / 02 / 2025, p. 72 / 75 2 / 4 in that the processor configured to receive the first message is additionally configured to receive the first message from a user data repository (UDR).

5. Network node, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the processor configured to receive the first message is additionally configured to receive the first message from a PCF.

6. Network node, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the processor configured to determine the WTRU is not configured to support route selection policy rules is additionally configured to receive a message indicating that the WTRU is not configured to support route selection policy rules.

7. Network node, according to claim 6, CHARACTERIZED in that the message indicating that the WTRU is not configured to support route selection policy rules comprises an information element indicating that the WTRU is not configured to support route selection policy rules.

8. Network node, according to claim 6, CHARACTERIZED in that the processor configured to receive the message indicating that the WTRU is not configured to support route selection policy rules is additionally configured to receive the message indicating that the WTRU is not configured to support route selection policy rules from an access and mobility management (AMF) function.

9. Network node, according to claim 6, CHARACTERIZED in that the processor configured to receive the message indicating that the WTRU is not configured to support route selection policy rules is additionally configured to receive the message indicating that the WTRU is not configured to support route selection policy rules from a UDR.

10. Network node, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by Petition 870250089715, dated 10 / 02 / 2025, page 73 / 75 3 / 4 fact that the processor configured to receive the third message is configured to receive the third message from an AMF.

11. Network node, according to claim 10, CHARACTERIZED in that the processor is additionally configured to send a request to AMF to receive a notification that the WTRU has been registered in the first VPLMN; and in that the third message indicates that the WTRU has been registered in the first VPLMN.

12. Method CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: a computing system that determines that a wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU) is not configured to support route selection policy rules; the system receiving a first message, the first message comprising service parameters associated with the WTRU, the service parameters applying if the WTRU is registered with a first visited public terrestrial mobile network (VPLMN), and the service parameters for use in generating route selection policy rules for the WTRU; the computing system, under the condition that the WTRU is not configured to support route selection policy rules, sending a second message, the second message indicating that route selection policy rules should be sent to the WTRU if the WTRU is registered with the first VPLMN; the computing system receiving a third message from a network function;the computing system that generates route selection policy rules applicable to the WTRU while the WTRU is located in the first VPLMN; and the computing system, under the condition that the third message indicates that the WTRU is registered in the first VPLMN, sends a fourth message to the WTRU, wherein the fourth message comprises the VPLMN route selection policy rules generated for the WTRU while it is in the first VPLMN.

13. Method according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED in that the computing system comprises a policy control function (PCF).

14. Method according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED in that receiving the first message further comprises receiving the first message from a user data repository (UDR).

15. Method, according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED in that receiving the first message additionally comprises receiving the first message from a PCF. Petition 870250089715, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 75 / 75

Images