Methods performed by a wireless device and a network node to implement a side link positioning reference signal sequence initialization identification, and, wireless device and network node capable of implementing a side link positioning reference signal sequence initialization identification

Description

METHODS PERFORMED BY A WIRELESS DEVICE AND A NETWORK NODE TO IMPLEMENT A SIDE LINK POSITIONING REFERENCE SIGNAL SEQUENCE INITIALIZATION IDENTIFICATION, AND, WIRELESS DEVICE AND NETWORK NODE CAPABLE OF IMPLEMENTING A SIDE LINK POSITIONING REFERENCE SIGNAL SEQUENCE INITIALIZATION IDENTIFICATION TECHNICAL FIELD

[001] The modalities of the present description are directed to wireless communications and, more particularly, to sequence initialization for side link reference signals. FUNDAMENTALS

[002] In the next version 18, within the scope of the Partnership Program of Third Generation (3GPP) solutions for lateral link (SL) range and positioning will be studied and standardized. Previous standardization work for SL in 3GPP focused on communication aspects. From a positioning perspective, the network has met the positioning needs of the cellular system. NR Positioning

[003] The new radio (NR) currently supports the following radio access technology (RAT) dependent positioning methods: DL-TDOA:

[004] The downlink (DL) time-of-arrival difference (TDOA) positioning method uses the DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) (and optionally the DL positioning reference signal received power (PRS)) of downlink signals received from multiple transmission points (TPs) on the user equipment (UE). The UE measures the DL RSTD (and optionally the DL PRS RSRP) of the received signals using assistance data received from Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 7 / 100 / 68 positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used together with other configuration information to locate the UE in relation to neighboring TPs. Multi-RTT:

[005] The multiple round-trip time positioning (RTT) method uses UE Rx-Tx and RSRP PRS DL measurements of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs, measured by the UE, and the measured gNB Rx-Tx measurements (e.g., a network node, a base station) and received uplink probe reference signal power (UL-RSRP) at multiple transmit-receive points (TRPs) of uplink signals transmitted from the UE. UL-TDOA:

[006] The TDOA UL positioning method uses TDOA UL (and optionally SRS-RSRP UL) at multiple receiving points (RPs) of uplink signals transmitted by the UE. The RPs measure the TDOA UL (and optionally SRS-RSRP UL) of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the UE's location. DL-AoD:

[007] The DL angle of departure (AoD) positioning method utilizes the RSRP PRS DL measured from link-down signals received from multiple TPs, in the UE. The UE measures the RSRP PRS DL of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to locate the UE relative to neighboring TPs. UL-AoA:

[008] The angle of arrival (AoA) positioning method of UL uses the azimuth (A) and zenith (Z) measured upon arrival in multiples Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 8 / 100 / 68 reception points (RPs) of uplink signals transmitted from the UE. The RPs measure the A-AoA and Z-AoA of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the UE's location. NR-ECID:

[009] NR Enhanced Cell ID (NR E CID) positioning refers to techniques that use additional UE measurements and / or NR radio capabilities and other measurements to improve UE location estimation.

[0010] Positioning modes can be categorized into three areas: - Assisted by UE: The UE performs measurements with or without network assistance and sends these measurements to the evolved service mobile location center (E-SMLC), where position calculation can occur.

[0011] - Based on UE: The UE performs measurements and calculates its own position with network assistance.

[0012] - Autonomous: The UE performs measurements and calculates its own position without assistance from the network.

[0013] - Agnostic with regard to the EU: the network performs measurements without assistance from the EU. Side link transmissions in NR

[0014] 3GPP specified Long Term Evolution (LTE) D2D (device-to-device) technology, also known as ProSe (Proximity Services), in LTE Releases 12 and 13. Subsequently, in Releases 14 and 15, enhancements related to LTE Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) were specified, targeting the specific characteristics of vehicular communications. 3GPP initiated a new work item in August 2018, under Rel. 16, to develop a new version of Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 9 / 100 / 68 radio (NR) V2X communications. NR V2X primarily targets advanced V2X services, which can be categorized into four use case groups: vehicle convoy, extended sensors, advanced steering, and remote steering. Advanced V2X services would require enhancements to the NR system, and a new NR side link structure could help meet the stringent requirements in terms of latency and reliability. The NR V2X system should also have greater system capacity and better coverage, as well as allow for easy expansion to support the future development of other advanced V2X services and other services.

[0015] Considering the services targeted by NR V2X, it is commonly recognized that group broadcast / multicast and single broadcast transmissions are desired, where the intended receiver of a message consists of only a subset of the vehicles near the transmitter (group broadcast) or a single vehicle (single broadcast). For example, in train service, there are certain messages that are of interest only to the members of the train, making them a natural broadcast group. In another example, the transparent use case likely involves only a pair of vehicles, for which single broadcast transmissions are naturally suitable. Therefore, the NR side link can support broadcast (as in LTE), group broadcast, and single broadcast transmissions.Furthermore, the NR side link is designed so that its operation is possible with and without network coverage and with different degrees of interaction between the UEs (user equipment) and the network, including support for standalone and network-free operation.

[0016] In 3GPP Release 17, discussions took place and National Security and Public Safety (NSPS) is considered an important use case that can benefit from the NR side link capabilities already developed in Release 16. Therefore, it is more likely that 3GPP will specify enhancements related to the service provider use case. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 10 / 100 / 68 of network (NSPS), taking the NR launch side link 16 as a basis. In some scenarios, NSPS services need to operate with partial or no network coverage, such as indoor firefighting, forest firefighting, earthquake rescue, maritime rescue, etc., where the infrastructure is (partially) destroyed or unavailable. Therefore, coverage extension is a crucial enabler for NSPS, both for NSPS services communicated between UE and cellular network and for those communicated between UEs via side link. In release 17, a study item on NR side-link relay (RP-193253) was released to further explore coverage extension for side-link based communication, including both UE-network relay for cellular coverage extension and UE-UE relay for side-link coverage extension.Now, the work has progressed to the normative phase and, in the work item (TR 37.985, General description of the Radio Access Network (RAN) aspects for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) based on LTE and NR), only the UE-network relay is considered.

[0017] In discussions and planning for NR launch 18, range and positioning based on side link were agreed upon for standardization. Range, in general, implies that distance and angle information over the wireless link between two devices is derived. Distance range is currently available in other standards, for example, IEEE 802.4z, where, in general, a signal exchange occurs between two devices, allowing the calculation of the round-trip time (RTT). Allocation of SL resources for communication.

[0018] Two resource allocation methods for SL communications were defined in the NR: Mode 1: UE is in coverage and gNB is scheduling the resources that can be used by UE for SL communications. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 11 / 100 / 68

[0019] Mode 2: The UE, which may be in or out of coverage, autonomously determines the transmission SL resources within SL resources configured by gNB or pre-configured by the network. Zone identity calculation

[0020] The UE must determine a zone identity (i.e., Zone_id) in which it is located using the following formulas, if slZoneConfig is configured: x1 = Floor (x / L) Mod 64; Equation (1) y1 = Floor (y / L) Mod 64; Equation (2) Zone_id = y1 * 64 + x1. Equation (3)

[0021] The parameters in the formulas above are defined as follows: L is the value of sl-ZoneLength included in sl-ZoneConfig; x is the geodesic distance in longitude between the current UE location and the geographic coordinates (0, 0) and is expressed in meters; y is the geodesic distance in latitude between the current UE location and the geographic coordinates (0, 0) and is expressed in meters. The way the calculated zone_id is used is specified in TS 38.321 ETSI TS 138 214 V17.4.0, “Physical Layer Procedures for Data”, (3GPP TS 38.214 version 17.4.0 release 17. WID launch 18 in SL positioning

[0022] The study phase of SL positioning and reach in the 3GPP launch 18 was completed in 2022. The following specific objectives were agreed to be addressed in RP 223549, New WID in Expanded and Enhanced NR Positioning. As can be seen, the design of the PRS SL and its corresponding resource allocation are among the main objectives.

[0023] One objective is to specify solutions for supporting lateral link positioning (including reach) in NR systems. Another objective is to specify PRS SL for supporting link positioning. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, p. 12 / 100 / 68, sideways, so that PRS SL utilizes a comb-based frequency domain structure (the full feature element (RE) mapping pattern is not excluded) and a pseudorandom sequence, where the existing PRS DL sequence is used as a starting point. This may include specifying support for PRS SL bandwidths up to 100 MHz in the frequency band 1 (FR1) spectrum. PRS SL transmission in FR2 is not excluded, but no specific aspect of FR2 will be specified.

[0024] Another objective is to specify measurements to support RTT-type solutions using SL, SL-AoA and SL-TDOA.

[0025] Another objective is to specify support for resource allocation for PRS SL. This includes resource allocation Schemes 1 and 2, where Scheme 1 corresponds to network-centric PRS SL resource allocation and Scheme 2 corresponds to UE-autonomous PRS SL resource allocation. For the PRS SL resource allocation mechanism in Scheme 2, this includes studying and specifying support for sensing-based resource allocation and / or random resource selection, and studying and specifying solutions for congestion control for PRS SL and / or coordination between UEs for PRS SL. This also includes support for resource allocation for shared resource pooling with link-side communication from releases 16 / 17 / 18 and dedicated resource pooling for PRS SL.For the (pre-)configuration of SL placement resources in a shared resource cluster with side link communication of 16 / 17 / 18 releases, compatibility with previous releases of legacy 16 / 17 release UEs must be ensured.

[0026] Another objective is to specify procedures for transmission power control for PRS SL transmissions at least based on open-loop power control (OLPC).

[0027] Another objective is to specify the signaling and behavior Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 13 / 100 EU 8 / 68 associated for support of single broadcast, group broadcast (not including many-to-one) and transmission of PRS SL broadcasts.

[0028] Another objective is to specify the signaling and reporting procedures to facilitate support for SL positioning in all coverage scenarios and for PC5 only (e.g., direct communication between vehicle and other devices (V2V, V2I) and joint PC5-Uu scenarios (e.g., Uu may refer to the air interface)). This includes specifying the protocol and procedures for SL positioning between UEs (Protocol for Lateral Link Positioning Procedures (SLPP)) and specifying the protocol and procedures for SL positioning between UEs and the Location Management Function (LMF).

[0029] Another objective is to specify the signaling for the next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) for positioning service authorizations and side link range, as needed.

[0030] Another objective is to specify new corresponding basic requirements, as well as to identify and specify the impact on existing radio resource management (RRM) measurements and procedures. Side link positioning reference signal

[0031] During release 18, a side link positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) will be specified. In the work item phase, it was agreed to configure PRS SL with a sequence initialization similar to that of PRS DL. The sequence depends on a top-layer parameter, referred to here as the PRS SL initialization ID. The parameter will have a value between 0 and 4095.

[0032] The following are some relevant agreements on the subject. The PRS SL sequence is generated based on the Gold sequence: Equation (4) where c(i) is a pseudorandom sequence as defined in clause 5.2.1 of TS 38.211. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, p. 14 / 100 9 / 68

[0033] For the generation of PRS SL sequences, the initialization equation of the pseudorandom sequence c(i) is defined as a function of at least: slot number, symbol number and a parameter

[0034] The initialization equation for the pseudorandom sequence c(i) is based on the initialization equation for PRS DL.

[0035] For PRS SL sequence generation, consider at least the following options to set the parameter, and select one option: Option 1: This is a configured parameter from a higher layer. Option 2: is based on the 12-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of the physical side link control channel (PSCCH) associated with PRS SL transmission. Option 3: Based on a combination of configured upper-layer parameters from a configured ID list and 12-bit CRC of PSCCH associated with PRS SL transmission. Option 5: relies on the 12-bit least significant bit (LSB) of the destination ID. Option 6: is based on 8 bits of source ID + 4 zero bits. Option 7: is based on the CRC field of the 2nd side link control (SCI) information associated with the PRS SL transmission, if a 2nd SCI is defined.

[0036] The parameter range is:

[0037] Currently, there are certain challenges. For example, the PRS initialization ID for the downlink PRS was provided as part of the network configuration. Due to the nature of the side link, which allows a UE to autonomously transmit resources in mode 2 (also Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, p. 15 / 100 / 68 known as scheme 2 for lateral link positioning structure), part of the PRS configuration can be left for the UEs to coordinate with each other. SUMMARY

[0038] As described above, there are currently certain challenges with coordinating the Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) configuration between User Equipment (UEs) in the context of side link (SL) communications, particularly in mode 2, where UEs manage their resources autonomously.

[0039] Certain aspects of the description and its embodiments may provide solutions to these or other challenges. For example, some embodiments provide a method for the UE transmitting the PRS SL to obtain the PRS SL initialization ID from the network configuration of a given PRS SL resource or to derive the PRS SL resource initialization ID itself and share it with the measuring UE.

[0040] In addition, in some modes, the network node may provide mechanisms and parameters so that the UE is able to generate the sequence ID, especially for scenarios where a location management function (LMF) is not available (e.g., out-of-coverage scenario).

[0041] The particular modes provide a mechanism for the transmitting UE to receive a parameter for initialization of a network reference signal, or to derive its own parameter value and share it with another UE for reception purposes.

[0042] Figure 1 is an illustrative flowchart showing when a network generates a key and a UE uses it to generate a PRS SL sequence initialization ID. As shown in Figure 1, the network can generate the key according to certain modes. The network can preconfigure the key to be used by the UE. The network can transmit the key to Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 16 / 100 / 68 The UE can use the key to generate the PRS SL sequence initialization ID according to certain modalities.

[0043] Figure 2 is an exemplary flowchart illustrating when a network assigns a PRS SL sequence initialization ID that a UE can use. As shown in Figure 2, the network can assign the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to the UE according to certain modes. The network can pre-configure the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization with validity area and validity time according to certain modes. The network can transmit the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID to the UE. The UE can use the PRS SL sequence initialization ID, for example, for SL communication with another UE.

[0044] Figure 3 is an exemplary flowchart illustrating when a UE generates a PRS SL sequence initialization ID. As shown in Figure 3, the UE can generate the PRS SL sequence initialization ID according to certain modes. The UE can then report the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to the network and / or another UE.

[0045] According to some embodiments, a method for implementing a PRS SL sequence initialization ID for use in PRS SL configuration is performed by a wireless device (e.g., a UE), wherein the method comprises generating the PRS SL sequence initialization ID. In particular embodiments, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID may be generated when a location management function (LMF) is unavailable. In particular embodiments, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID may be generated when the wireless device is not connected to a network. The method further comprises communicating the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a wireless receiving device. In particular embodiments, the method may additionally comprise communicating the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a network node. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, p. 17 / 100 / 68

[0046] In particular embodiments, the method may additionally comprise determining resources available for use for the PRS SL sequence initialization ID prior to generating the PRS SL sequence initialization ID. In particular embodiments, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID may be derived based on at least the location of one resource among the available resources.

[0047] In particular embodiments, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID may replace the initial PRS SL sequence initialization ID provided by a network node.

[0048] In particular embodiments, the method may additionally comprise receiving network configuration data from a network node before generating the PRS SL sequence initialization ID, wherein the network configuration data comprises a PRS SL resource configuration, and the PRS SL sequence initialization ID may be determined based on at least the PRS SL resource configuration.

[0049] In particular embodiments, the network configuration data may additionally comprise parameters that enable the wireless device to generate the PRS SL sequence initialization ID. According to some embodiments, a method for implementing a PRS SL sequence initialization ID for use in PRS SL configuration is performed by a wireless device (e.g., a UE), wherein the method comprises receiving an assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID from a network node. The method further comprises communicating the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a receiving wireless device.

[0050] In particular embodiments, the method may additionally comprise replacing the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID before communicating the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to the receiving wireless device. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, p. 18 / 100 13 / 68

[0051] In particular modes, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is valid for a specified duration.

[0052] In particular modalities, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is valid for one or more areas associated with a list of cells and / or side link zones.

[0053] In particular embodiments, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is determined based on at least one PRS SL initialization equation, the PRS SL initialization equation is: r - 222 cmit— ΔmPRS 'rtD,seq 1024 + 210(Vss^bn^f+ l + l)(2(ng^eqmod 1024) + 1) + (n^|eqmod 1024) mod 231 where is the PRS SL sequence initialization ID, is in the set {0,1,...,4095}, is the number of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol within a slot to which the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is mapped, is a number of consecutive OFDM symbols in a slot, and is a slot number within a frame.

[0054] According to some embodiments, a wireless device comprises a set of processing circuits operable to perform any of the wireless device methods described above.

[0055] Also described is a computer program product comprising a non-transient computer-readable medium that stores computer-readable program code, the operable computer-readable program code, when executed by a set of processing circuits to perform any of the methods performed by the wireless devices described above.

[0056] According to some modalities, a method for Petition 870250110259, dated 12 / 01 / 2025, p. 19 / 100 / 68 Implementing a PRS SL sequence initialization ID for use in PRS SL configuration is performed by a network node comprising: generating a key to be used for the PRS SL sequence initialization ID. The method further comprises communicating the key to a first wireless device (e.g., a first UE).

[0057] In particular configurations, the key may be a specific key for the wireless device.

[0058] In particular modes, the key may be valid for a certain period of time and is updated when the wireless device connects to the network node after the key expires.

[0059] In particular modalities, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID may be valid for a certain period.

[0060] In particular modalities, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID may be valid for a specific period.

[0061] In particular embodiments, the first wireless device is a wireless transmitting device in an SL communication with a second wireless device (e.g., a second UE).

[0062] In particular embodiments, the method may additionally comprise communicating the key to the second wireless device by means of a location management function (LMF).

[0063] According to some embodiments, a method for implementing a PRS SL sequence initialization ID for use in PRS SL configuration is performed by a network node, wherein the method comprises assigning the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a first wireless device. The method further comprises communicating the PRS SL sequence initialization ID assigned to the first wireless device.

[0064] In particular embodiments, the method may additionally comprise the pre-configuration of the PRS SL sequence initialization ID assigned with one or more areas, where the initialization ID of Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, p. 20 / 100 / 68, the assigned PRS SL sequence is valid for one or more areas associated with a list of cells and / or lateral link zones.

[0065] In particular embodiments, the method may additionally comprise pre-configuring the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID with a time period, where the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID is valid for the time period.

[0066] In particular embodiments, the method may further comprise transmitting a new PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a wireless measuring device when the first wireless device chooses a different PRS SL sequence initialization ID than the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID provided by the network node.

[0067] According to some embodiments, a network node comprises a set of operable processing circuits to perform any of the network node methods described above.

[0068] Also described is a computer program product comprising a non-transient computer-readable medium that stores computer-readable program code, the operable computer-readable program code, when executed by processing circuits to perform any of the methods performed by the network nodes described above.

[0069] Certain modes may provide one or more of the following technical advantages. For example, some modes provide more flexibility for the UE to potentially derive its own sequence initialization value for transmission and reception of PRS SL Scheme 2, i.e., for autonomously managed resources. At the same time, the network may help reduce the probability of ID collisions when two UEs select the same sequence. Other advantages may be readily apparent to an individual skilled in the art. Certain modes may have none, some, or all of the advantages mentioned. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, p. 21 / 100 / 68 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0070] For a more complete understanding of the described modalities and their characteristics and advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the attached drawings, in which: Figure 1 is an illustrative flowchart that shows when a network generates a key and a user device (UE) uses the key to generate a side link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) initialization sequence (ID); Figure 2 is an illustrative flowchart that shows when a network assigns a Sequence Initialization ID (PRS SL) that a UE can use; Figure 3 is an illustrative flowchart that shows when a UE generates a Sequence Initialization ID (PRS SL); Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary communication system, according to certain modalities; Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary EU, according to certain modalities; Figure 6 illustrates an exemplary network node, according to certain modalities; Figure 7 illustrates a block diagram of a host, according to certain modalities; Figure 8 illustrates a virtualization environment in which functions implemented by some modalities can be virtualized, according to certain modalities; Figure 9 illustrates a host communicating via a network node with a UE through a partially wireless connection, according to certain modes; Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method using a wireless device, according to certain... Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 22 / 100 17 / 68 modalities; Figure 11 is a flowchart that illustrates another exemplary method using a wireless device, according to certain modalities; Figure 12 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method by a network node, according to certain modalities; and Figure 13 is a flowchart illustrating another exemplary method by a network node, according to certain modalities.

[0071] Figure 14 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a wireless device, according to certain modalities; and Figure 15 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a network node, according to certain modalities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] Some of the embodiments contemplated herein will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are provided as examples to convey the scope of the subject to individuals skilled in the art.

[0073] The initialization equation for the side-link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) is based on the SL PRS initialization equation, which is as follows: — ?22 -init Iώ„ PRS 'lID,seq 1024 + 210+1+1)(2(niPnseqmod 1024) + 1) + Mseq mod 1024) I mod 231' Equation (5) where is the PRS SL sequence initialization ID, which, if not provided by upper layers, is obtained from the decimal representation of the cyclic redundancy check for the side link control information mapped to the PDCCH associated with the PRS SL according to and given by clause 7.3.2 in [4, TS 38.212], is in the set {0,1,...,4095), Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 23 / 100 / 68 is the number of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol within a slot to which the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is mapped, is a number of consecutive OFDM symbols in a slot, where it depends on the cyclic prefix as provided by Tables 4.3.2-1 and 4.3.2-2 in TS38.211 V18.2.0, and is a slot number within a frame.

[0074] PRS SL will also set a PRS SL sequence initialization ID between 0 and 4095.

[0075] The corresponding description below describes how the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is provided based on the resource allocation scheme for which PRS SL is configured. Two schemes are considered: Scheme 1, similar to mode 1, is for PRS SL resource configurations used for network-based resource allocation. Scheme 2, similar to mode 2, is for configuring PRS SL resources used for autonomous allocation of UE resources.

[0076] In some embodiments, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID may be provided by gNB as part of the PRS SL configuration for Scheme 1 and / or Scheme 2 PRS SL resources.

[0077] In some embodiments, the parameter may be provided as part of the resource configuration, either for the transmitting user equipment (UE) directly from the gNB, or for the listening UE, either through the location management function (LMF) that relays the configuration, or from the upper layer of the transmitting UE, depending on whether the LMF is assisting the positioning procedure or not. In some embodiments, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID provided by the gNB may be replaced by the transmitting UE, which instead uses an ID of Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 24 / 100 / 68 sequence derived from the implementation of the EU itself, but still within the agreed range for the parameter.

[0078] In some embodiments, if the LMF is involved, the LMF may be notified by the transmitting UE that it is using a PRS SL sequence initialization ID different from that provided by the gNB. The LMF may then update the listening UE with the new sequence ID.

[0079] In some modes, for UE-based positioning (i.e., when LMF is not involved), the UE may indicate to the listening UE the new sequence ID derived by the transmitting UE.

[0080] In some modes, the indicated sequence ID (by LMF or UE) may be valid for a certain duration and / or a certain validity area (cell list, side link zones, etc.).

[0081] In some modes, the network node, such as LMF / gNB, may pre-configure the sequence ID or the key on how to generate the sequence ID. The pre-configuration parameters may differ further depending on the coverage the UE is in: in coverage, partial coverage, or out of coverage. Alternatively or additionally, in some modes, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID may be omitted from the PRS SL configuration for Scheme 1 and / or Scheme 2 PRS SL resources. In such modes, the UE may select the PRS SL resource initialization ID on its own and update the LMF and listening UEs in a manner similar to the steps described above. Network-assisted sequence ID generation

[0082] In some embodiments, the network node, such as the location server or base station, provides a key to the UE that is specific to the UE. This key can be provided to an SL-capable UE when the UE connects to the network. In some embodiments, the key may be valid for a specific period of time; that is, the key may be refreshed when the UE connects to the network after the expiration of the validity period. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, p. 25 / 100 / 68, key validity. The UE can perform an operation with the key and use the L2ID SL when in an out-of-coverage scenario. The operation can include XOR, AND, shift, etc. operations, and convert the result into an integer from 1 to 4096 to be used as a sequence ID.

[0083] An example: L2ID Key XOR = 110000110 XOR 1001010 = Result. Truncate the result to the 12-bit most significant bit (MSB) and convert the result to an integer, using the value as the sequence ID. If the result is less than 12 bits, the network can still provide the rule on whether the UE should append “0” to the end (LSB) or append to the beginning (MSB). EU Autonomous Actions (Selection)

[0084] In some modes, the UE may be configured with a set of IDs to choose autonomously. The set may, for example, consist of the N most or least significant bits, with the other 12-N bits provided by the network.

[0085] In some modes, when the UE performs a detection procedure to detect available resources and further select resources; the sequence ID to be used may be derived based on the location of the resource that was selected; i.e., some features based on the Physical Resource Block ID (PRB) and System Frame Number (SFN) time or features based on the frequency and / or time location of the resource. Sequence ID = function (Reserved frequency and / or time) Equation (6)

[0086] Figure 4 shows an example of a communication system 100 according to some modalities. In the example, the communication system 100 includes a telecommunications network 102 which includes an access network 104, such as a radio access network (RAN), and a main network 106, which includes one or more main network nodes 108. The access network 104 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 26 / 100 / 68 110a and 110b (one or more of which may be generically referred to as 110 network nodes), or any other similar access node of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) or non-3GPP access point. 110 network nodes facilitate the direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE), such as connecting 112a, 112b, 112c, and 112d UEs (one or more of which may be generically referred to as 112 UEs) to the main 106 network via one or more wireless connections.

[0087] Examples of wireless communications via a wireless connection include the transmission and / or reception of wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for transmitting information without the use of wires, cables, or other conductive materials. Furthermore, in different embodiments, the 100 communication system may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in data and / or signal communication, whether via wired or wireless connections. The 100 communication system may include and / or interact with any type of communication system, telecommunications, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type.

[0088] UEs 112 can be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes 110 and other communication devices. Similarly, network nodes 110 are arranged, capable, configured and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with UEs 112 and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunications network 102 to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunications network 102.

[0089] In the example shown, the main network 106 connects the network nodes 110 to one or more hosts, such as host 116. These Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 27 / 100 / 68. Connections can be direct or indirect through one or more intermediate networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes can be directly coupled to hosts. The main network 106 includes one more main network node (e.g., main network node 108) which are structured with hardware and software components. The characteristics of these components may be substantially similar to those described in relation to UEs, network nodes, and / or hosts, so their descriptions are generally applicable to the corresponding components of main network node 108.Exemplary core network nodes include functions from one or more of the following: Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Mobility Management Entity (MME), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Authentication Server Function (AUSF), Signature Identifier Unmasking Function (SIDF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP), Network Exposure Function (NEF), and / or User Plane Function (UPF).

[0090] Host 116 may be owned or controlled by a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network 104 and / or the telecommunications network 102, and may be operated by or on behalf of the service provider. Host 116 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more services. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services such as retrieval and compilation of data on various environmental conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytical functionality, social media, functions to control or otherwise interact with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other similar function performed by a server. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 28 / 100 / 68

[0091] As a whole, the communication system 100 in Figure 4 enables connectivity between UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In this sense, the communication system can be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM); Universal System for Mobile Telecommunications (UMTS); Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G); wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the 802.11 (WiFi) standards of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE); and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as Worldwide Microwave Access Interoperability (WiMax), Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC), ZigBee, LiFi and / or any low-power wide area network (LPWAN) standards, such as LoRa and Sigfox.

[0092] In some instances, the 102 telecommunications network is a cellular network that implements standardized 3GPP features. Consequently, the 102 telecommunications network can support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices connected to the 102 telecommunications network. For example, the 102 telecommunications network can provide Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs and / or Massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC) / Massive IoT services to other UEs.

[0093] In some examples, UEs 112 are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For example, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network 104 on a predetermined schedule when triggered by a Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 29 / 100 / 68 internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network 104. In addition, a UE may be configured to operate in single or multiple RAT mode or in multi-pattern mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or a combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e., be configured for Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MRDC), such as New Radio Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) of E-UTRAN (Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network).

[0094] In the example, hub 114 communicates with access network 104 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 112c and / or 112d) and network nodes (e.g., network node 110b). In some examples, hub 114 may be a controller, router, content and analytics source, or any of the other communication devices described here in relation to the UEs. For example, hub 114 may be a broadband router that allows access to the main network 106 for UEs. As another example, hub 114 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions can be received from UEs, network nodes 110, or via executable code, script, process, or other instructions on hub 114. As another example, hub 114 can be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, can perform analysis or other processing of the data.As another example, the 114 hub can be a content source. For instance, for a UE that is a VR headset, a monitor, a speaker, or another media distribution device, the 114 hub can retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or sensory-related data via a network node, which the 114 hub then provides to the UE directly after performing local processing and / or after adding additional local content. In another example, the 114 hub acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for UEs, particularly if one or more UEs are low-power IoT devices. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 30 / 100 / 68

[0095] Hub 114 may have a constant / persistent or intermittent connection to network node 110b. Hub 114 may also allow a different communication scheme and / or schedule between hub 114 and UEs (e.g., UE 112c and / or 112d), and between hub 114 and main network 106. In other examples, hub 114 is connected to main network 106 and / or to one or more UEs via a wired connection. Additionally, hub 114 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider via access network 104 and / or to another UE via a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection to network nodes 110 while still connected via hub 114, either through a wired or wireless connection. In some configurations, hub 114 may be a dedicated hub – that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to / from UEs to / from network node 110b.In other configurations, the 114 hub may be a non-dedicated hub – that is, a device capable of routing communications between the UEs and the 110b network node, but which is also capable of operating as a starting and / or ending point of communication for certain data channels.

[0096] Figure 5 shows a UE 200 according to some embodiments. As used herein, a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other UEs. Examples of UEs include, but are not limited to, a smartphone, mobile phone, cellular phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback device, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop embedded equipment (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), smart device, wireless equipment on customer premises (CPE), vehicle-mounted wireless device or Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 31 / 100 / 68 embedded / integrated into a vehicle, etc. Other examples include any UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), including a narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine-type communication (MTC) UE and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.

[0097] A UE can support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example, by implementing a 3GPP standard for side-link communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X). In other examples, a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device intended for sale or operation by a human user, but which may not be, or may not initially be, associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprayer controller). Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale or operation by an end user, but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart energy meter).

[0098] The UE 200 includes a processing circuit 202 that is operationally coupled via a bus 204 to an input / output interface 206, a power supply 208, a memory 210, a communication interface 212 and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in Figure 5. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another. Furthermore, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.

[0099] The 202 processing circuitry is configured to process instructions and data and can be configured to Petition 870250110259, dated 12 / 01 / 2025, page 32 / 100 / 68 implement any operational sequential state machine to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in memory 210. The processing circuitry 202 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc.); programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP), together with appropriate software; or any combination of the foregoing. For example, the processing circuitry 202 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs).

[00100] In the example, the input / output interface 206 may be configured to provide one or more interfaces for an input device, an output device, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of an output device include a loudspeaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, a transmitter, a smart card, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information on the UE 200. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a webcam, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a ball mouse, a directional keyboard, a touchpad, a scroll wheel, a smart card, and the like.The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to detect user input. A sensor may be, for example, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 33 / 100 / 68 same. An output device can use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port can be used to provide both an input and an output device.

[00101] In some embodiments, the power supply 208 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power supplies, such as an external power supply (e.g., an electrical outlet), a photovoltaic device, or a fuel cell, may be used. The power supply 208 may additionally include a power circuit assembly to provide power from the power supply 208 itself and / or from an external power supply to the various parts of the UE 200 via the input circuit assembly or an interface, such as a power cable. The power supply may be, for example, for charging the power supply 208. The power circuit assembly may perform any shaping, conversion, or other modification of the power from the power supply 208 to make it suitable for the respective components of the UE 200 to which the power is supplied.

[00102] Memory 210 may be or be configured to include memories such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, pen drives, and so forth. In one example, memory 210 includes one or more application programs 214, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and the corresponding data 216. Memory 210 may store, for use by UE 200, any one of a variety of operating systems or combinations of operating systems. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 34 / 100 / 68 operational.

[00103] Memory 210 may be configured to include various physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID), flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external in-line dual mini-DIMM memory module, synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smart card memory, such as a tamper-resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC), including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs), such as a USIM and / or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof.The UICC can be, for example, an embedded UICC (eUICC), an integrated UICC (iUICC), or a removable UICC, commonly known as a SIM card. Memory 210 can allow UE 200 to access instructions, application programs, and the like, stored on transient or non-transient memory media, to download or load data. A manufacturing item, such as one that utilizes a communication system, can be tangibly incorporated as or in memory 210, which can be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.

[00104] The processing circuitry 202 may be configured to communicate with an access network or another network using the communication interface 212. The communication interface 212 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna 222. The communication interface 212 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, for example, by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of Petition 870250110259, dated 12 / 01 / 2025, page 35 / 100 / 68 another device capable of wireless communication (for example, another UE or a network node in an access network). Each transceiver may include a transmitter 218 and / or a receiver 220 suitable for providing network communications (for example, optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth). In addition, the transmitter 218 and the receiver 220 may be coupled to one or more antennas (for example, antenna 222) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.

[00105] In the embodiment illustrated, the communication functions of the 212 communication interface may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, other similar communication functions, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented in accordance with one or more communication protocols and / or standards, such as IEEE 802.11. Code Division Multiplexing (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiplexing (WCDMA), GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR), UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP), Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and so on.

[00106] Regardless of the sensor type, a UE can provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface 212, via a wireless connection to a network node. The data captured by the sensors of a UE can be communicated via a wireless connection to a network node through another UE. The output can be periodic (for example, once every 15 minutes, if reporting the Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 36 / 100 / 68 temperature detected), random (e.g., to balance the load of reports from multiple sensors), in response to a trigger event (e.g., when humidity is detected, an alert is sent), in response to a request (e.g., a user-initiated request) or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient).

[00107] As another example, a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input, the states of the actuator, motor, or switch may change. For example, the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input, or a robotic arm that performs a medical procedure according to the received input.

[00108] A UE, when in the form of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, urban wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare.Non-limiting examples of such an IoT device are a device that is or is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice-controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / humidity sensor, an electric lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system such as a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a climate monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smartwatch, a tracker. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 37 / 100 / 68 physical conditioning, a head-mounted display for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR), a wearable device for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprayer, an animal or item tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and any type of medical device, such as a heart rate monitor or a remotely controlled surgical robot. A UE in the form of an IoT device comprises a set of circuits and / or software depending on the intended application of the IoT device, in addition to other components, as described in relation to UE 200 shown in Figure 5.

[00109] As another specific example, in an IoT scenario, a UE can represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another UE and / or a network node. The UE can, in this case, be an M2M device, which, in a 3GPP context, can be called an MTC device. As a specific example, the UE can implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, a UE can represent a vehicle, such as a car, bus, truck, ship, or airplane, or other equipment capable of monitoring and / or reporting its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.

[00110] In practice, any number of UEs can be used together in relation to a single use case. For example, a first UE might be or be integrated into a drone and provide the drone's speed information (obtained via a speed sensor) to a second UE, which is a remote controller that operates the drone. When the user makes changes to the remote controller, the first UE can adjust the drone's throttle (e.g., by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone's speed. The first and / or second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, a UE might comprise the Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 38 / 100 / 68 sensor and actuator and manage data communication for both the speed sensor and the actuators.

[00111] Figure 6 shows a network node 300 according to some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, organized and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or equipment in a telecommunications network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, B Nodes, evolved B Nodes (eNBs) and NR B Nodes (gNBs)).

[00112] Base stations can be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, in other words, their transmission power level) and, therefore, depending on the amount of coverage provided, can be called femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station can be a relay node or a relay donor node that controls a relay. A network node can also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station, such as centralized digital units and / or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes called Remote Radio Heads (RRHs). These remote radio units may or may not be integrated into an antenna as an antenna-integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station can also be called nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS).

[00113] Other examples of network nodes include 5G multi-transmission point (multi-TRP) access nodes, multi-standard radio equipment (MSR) such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs), transceiver base stations (BTSs), transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multi-cast coordination entities (MCEs), nodes Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 39 / 100 / 68 of Operation and Maintenance (O&M), Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Service Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs)) and / or Drive Minimization Tests (MDTs).

[00114] Network node 300 includes a set of processing circuits 302, a memory 304, a communication interface 306, and a power supply 308. Network node 300 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a B-node component and an RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc.), each of which may have its own respective components. In certain scenarios where network node 300 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components), one or more of the separate components may be shared among multiple network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple B-nodes. In this scenario, each unique B-node and RNC pair may, in some cases, be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, network node 300 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs).In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory 304 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., the same antenna 310 may be shared by different RATs). The network node 300 may also include multiple sets of the various components illustrated for different wireless technologies integrated into the network node 300, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same chip or a different set of chips and other components within the network node 300.

[00115] The 302 processing circuitry may comprise a combination of one or more microprocessors, Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 40 / 100 / 68 controllers, microcontrollers, central processing units, digital signal processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field-programmable gate arrays or any other suitable computing device, resource or combination of hardware, software and / or operable coded logic to provide, alone or in conjunction with other components of network node 300, such as memory 304, the functionality of network node 300.

[00116] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 302 includes a system-on-a-chip (SOC). In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 302 includes one or more radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitries 312 and baseband processing circuitries 314. In some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 312 and the baseband processing circuitry 314 may be on separate chips (or chip assemblies), boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of the RF transceiver circuitry 312 and the baseband processing circuitry 314 may be on the same chip or chip assemblies, boards, or units.

[00117] Memory 304 may comprise any form of computer-readable volatile or non-volatile memory, including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (e.g., a hard disk), removable storage media (e.g., a flash drive, a compact disc (CD), or a digital video disc (DVD)), and / or any other device-readable and / or computer-executable volatile or non-volatile memory devices that store information, data, and / or Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 41 / 100 / 68 instructions that can be used by the processing circuit assembly 302. Memory 304 can store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more logical instructions, rules, codes, tables, and / or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuit assembly 302 and used by the network node 300. Memory 304 can be used to store any calculations performed by the processing circuit assembly 302 and / or any data received through the communication interface 306. In some embodiments, the processing circuit assembly 302 and memory 304 are integrated.

[00118] Communication interface 306 is used for wired or wireless signaling and / or data communication between a network node, an access network, and / or a UE. As illustrated, communication interface 306 comprises port(s) / terminal(s) 316 for sending and receiving data, for example, to and from a network via a wired connection. Communication interface 306 also includes a set of radio front-end circuits 318 that can be coupled to the antenna 310 or, in certain embodiments, form part of it. The radio front-end circuit assembly 318 comprises filters 320 and amplifiers 322. The radio front-end circuit assembly 318 can be connected to an antenna 310 and to the processing circuit assembly 302. The radio front-end circuit assembly can be configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna 310 and the processing circuit assembly 302.The radio front-end circuitry 318 can receive digital data that will be sent to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuitry 318 can convert the digital data into a radio signal with the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 320 and / or amplifiers 322. The radio signal can then be transmitted by antenna 310. Similarly, to... Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 42 / 100 / 68 to receive data, antenna 310 can collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry 318. The digital data can be passed to the processing circuitry 302. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components.

[00119] In certain alternative embodiments, the network node 300 does not include a separate radio front-end circuit assembly 318; instead, the processing circuit assembly 302 includes a radio front-end circuit assembly and is connected to the antenna 310. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or part of the RF transceiver circuit assembly 312 is part of the communication interface 306. In still other embodiments, the communication interface 306 includes one or more ports or terminals 316, the radio front-end circuit assembly 318, and the RF transceiver circuit assembly 312 as part of a radio unit (not shown), and the communication interface 306 communicates with the baseband processing circuit assembly 314, which is part of a digital unit (not shown).

[00120] Antenna 310 may include one or more antennas, or sets of antennas, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. Antenna 310 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry 318 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving wireless data and / or signals. In certain embodiments, antenna 310 is separate from the network node 300 and may be connected to it via an interface or port.

[00121] Antenna 310, communication interface 306 and / or processing circuitry 302 may be configured to perform any reception operations and / or certain acquisition operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and / or Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, p. 43 / 100 / 68 any other network equipment. Similarly, antenna 310, communication interface 306 and / or processing circuitry 302 can be configured to perform any transmission operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals can be transmitted to a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment.

[00122] The power supply 308 provides power to the various components of the network node 300 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level required for each respective component). The power supply 308 may further comprise, or be coupled to, a power management circuit to provide power to the components of the network node 300 to perform the functionality described herein. For example, the network node 300 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the mains power, an electrical outlet) via an input circuit or interface, such as an electrical cable, through which the external power source provides power to the power supply circuitry of the power supply 308. As another example, the power supply 308 may comprise a power source in the form of a battery or battery pack that is connected to or integrated into the power circuitry.The battery can provide backup power in case the external power source fails.

[00123] Network node 300 configurations may include additional components beyond those shown in Figure 6 to provide certain aspects of network node functionality, including any of the functionalities described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, network node 300 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into network node 300 and to allow output of information from network node 300. This may allow a user to perform diagnostics, maintenance, repair and Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 44 / 100 / 68 other administrative functions for network node 300.

[00124] Figure 7 is a block diagram of a 400 host, which may be an embodiment of the 116 host of Figure 4, according to various aspects described herein. As used herein, the 400 host may be or comprise various combinations of hardware and / or software, including a standalone server, a blade server, a cloud-deployed server, a distributed server, a virtual machine, a container, or processing resources in a server farm. The 400 host may provide one or more services to one or more UEs.

[00125] The host 400 includes a set of processing circuits 402 that are operationally coupled via a bus 404 to an input / output interface 406, a network interface 408, a power supply 410, and a memory 412. Other components may be included in other embodiments. The characteristics of these components may be substantially similar to those described in relation to the devices in the preceding figures, such as Figures 4 and 5, so that their descriptions are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the host 400.

[00126] Memory 412 may contain one or more computer programs, including one or more host application programs 414 and data 416, which may include user data, for example, data generated by a UE for host 400 or data generated by host 400 for a UE. Host 400 implementations may utilize only a subset or all of the components shown. Host application programs 414 may be implemented in a container-based architecture and may provide support for video codecs (e.g., Versatile Video Coding (VVC), High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Advanced Video Coding (AVC), MPEG, VP9) and Petition 870250110259, dated 12 / 01 / 2025, page 45 / 100 / 68 audio codecs (e.g., FLAC, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), MPEG, G.711), including transcoding for various classes, types, or implementations of UEs (e.g., cell phones, desktop computers, wearable display systems, head-up display systems). Host application programs 414 may also provide user authentication and licensing checks and may periodically report the integrity, routes, and availability of content to a central node, such as a device within or at the edge of a core network. Consequently, the host 400 may select and / or designate a different host for over-the-top services for a UE.414 host application programs can support various protocols, such as the HTTP Live Streaming Protocol (HLS), the Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP), the Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH), etc.

[00127] Figure 8 is a block diagram illustrating a 500 virtualization environment in which functions implemented by some modalities can be virtualized. In the present context, virtualization means creating virtual versions of appliances or devices, which may include virtualization hardware platforms, storage devices, and network resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or its components, and refers to an implementation in which at least part of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components running on one or more virtual machines (VMs) deployed in one or more virtual environments 500 hosted by one or more hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device operating as a network node, UE, core network node, or host.Furthermore, in modes where the virtual node does not require radio connectivity (for example, a node. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 46 / 100 / 68 of the main network or host), the node can be fully virtualized.

[00128] 502 applications (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.) run in the Q400 virtualization environment to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some of the modalities described herein.

[00129] 504 hardware includes a set of processing circuits, memory that stores software and / or instructions executable by the hardware processing circuitry, and / or other hardware devices, as described herein, such as a network interface, input / output interface, and so forth. The software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more 506 virtualization layers (also called hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs)), provide 508a and 508b VMs (one or more of which may be generically called 508 VMs), and / or perform any of the functions, features, and / or benefits described in relation to some embodiments described herein. The 506 virtualization layer may present a virtual operating platform that resembles network hardware for the 508 VMs.

[00130] 508 VMs comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual network or interface, and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding 506 virtualization layer. Different instance modes of a 502 virtual device may be implemented in one or more of the 508 VMs, and the implementations may be done in different ways. Hardware virtualization is, in some contexts, called network functions virtualization (NFV). NFV can be used to consolidate various types of network equipment into industry-standard high-volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which may be located in data centers and Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 47 / 100 / 68 equipment at the client's premises.

[00131] In the context of NFV, a 508 VM can be a software implementation of a physical machine that executes programs as if they were running on a non-virtualized physical machine. Each of the 508 VMs and the 504 hardware that runs it, whether dedicated hardware for that VM and / or hardware shared by that VM with other VMs, form separate virtual network elements. Also in the context of NFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that are executed on one or more 508 VMs on the 504 hardware and correspond to the 502 application.

[00132] 504 hardware can be implemented on a standalone network node with generic or specific components. 504 hardware can implement some functions through virtualization. Alternatively, 504 hardware can be part of a larger hardware cluster (e.g., in a data center or CPE), where many hardware nodes work together and are managed through 510 management and orchestration, which, among other things, oversees the lifecycle management of 502 applications. In some embodiments, 504 hardware is coupled to one or more radio units, each including one or more transmitters and one or more receivers, which may be coupled to one or more antennas.Radio units can communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and can be used in combination with virtual components to provide radio resources to a virtual node, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signaling can be provided using a 512 control system, which can alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.

[00133] Figure 9 shows a communication diagram of a host 602 communicating via a network node 604 with a UE. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 48 / 100 / 68 606 via a partially wireless connection, according to some embodiments. Exemplary implementations, according to various embodiments, of the UE (such as UE 112a of Figure 4 and / or UE 200 of Figure 5), network node (such as network node 110a of Figure 4 and / or network node 300 of Figure 6) and host (such as host 116 of Figure 4 and / or host 400 of Figure 7) discussed in the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference to Figure 9.

[00134] Like the 400 host, the 602 host modalities include hardware, such as a communication interface, processing circuitry, and memory. The 602 host also includes software, which is stored or accessible by the 602 host and executable by the processing circuitry. The software includes a host application that can be operated to provide a service to a remote user, such as the UE 606 connecting via an over-the-top (OTT) 650 connection that extends between the UE 606 and the 602 host. In providing the service to the remote user, a host application can provide user data that is transmitted using the OTT 650 connection.

[00135] Network node 604 includes hardware that enables communication with host 602 and UE 606. Connection 660 can be direct or pass through a core network (such as core network 106 in Figure 4) and / or one or more intermediate networks, such as one or more public, private, or hosted networks. For example, an intermediate network could be a backbone network or the Internet.

[00136] UE 606 includes hardware and software, which are stored or accessible by UE 606 and executable by the UE's processing circuitry. The software includes a client application, such as a web browser or a carrier-specific "application," which can be operated to provide a service to a human or non-human user through UE 606 with the support of host 602. On host 602, a Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 49 / 100 / 68: The running host application can communicate with the running client application via the OTT 650 connection, which terminates at UE 606 and host 602. When providing service to the user, the UE client application can receive request data from the host application and provide user data in response to the request data. The OTT 650 connection can transfer both request data and user data. The UE client application can interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides to the host application via the OTT 650 connection.

[00137] The OTT 650 connection can be extended via a 660 connection between host 602 and network node 604 and via a wireless connection 670 between network node 604 and UE 606 to provide the connection between host 602 and UE 606. The 660 connection and the wireless connection 670, over which the OTT 650 connection can be provided, were abstractly designed to illustrate communication between host 602 and UE 606 via network node 604, without explicit reference to any intermediate devices and the precise routing of messages through those devices.

[00138] As an example of data transmission via OTT connection 650, in step 608, host 602 provides user data, which can be done by running a host application. In some embodiments, the user data is associated with a specific human user interacting with UE 606. In other embodiments, the user data is associated with a UE 606 that shares data with host 602 without explicit human interaction. In step 610, host 602 initiates a transmission carrying the user data to UE 606. Host 602 can initiate the transmission in response to a request transmitted by UE 606. The request can be caused by human interaction with UE 606 or by the operation of the client application running on Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 50 / 100 / 68 UE 606. The transmission may pass through network node 604, in accordance with the teachings of the modalities described throughout this description. Consequently, in step 612, network node 604 transmits to UE 606 the user data that was carried in the transmission initiated by host 602, in accordance with the teachings of the modalities described throughout this description. In step 614, UE 606 receives the user data carried in the transmission, which may be performed by a client application running on UE 606 associated with the host application running on host 602.

[00139] In some instances, UE 606 executes a client application that provides user data to host 602. The user data may be provided in reaction to or in response to data received from host 602. Consequently, in step 616, UE 606 may provide user data, which may be accomplished by executing the client application. When providing user data, the client application may further consider user input received through an input / output interface of UE 606. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data was provided, UE 606 initiates, in step 618, the transmission of user data to host 602 via network node 604. In step 620, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this description, network node 604 receives user data from UE 606 and initiates the transmission of the received user data to host 602.At step 622, host 602 receives the user data transported in the transmission initiated by UE 606.

[00140] One or more of the various modalities enhance the performance of OTT services provided to UE 606 using the OTT 650 connection, in which the wireless 670 connection forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these modalities can improve the UE's location verification in NTN and thus provide benefits. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 51 / 100 / 68 as enhanced beam signaling, beamforming, etc.

[00141] In one example scenario, information about the factory status can be collected and analyzed by the 602 host. As another example, the 602 host can process audio and video data that may have been retrieved from a UE for use in map creation. As another example, the 602 host can collect and analyze real-time data to assist in vehicle congestion control (e.g., traffic light control). As another example, the 602 host can store surveillance videos sent by a UE. As another example, the 602 host can store or control access to media content, such as video, audio, VR, or AR, that can be streamed, multicast, or single-cast to UEs.Like other examples, the 602 host can be used for energy pricing, remote control of non-critical electrical loads in terms of time to balance energy generation needs, location services, presentation services (such as compiling diagrams, etc., from data collected from remote devices), or any other function of collecting, retrieving, storing, analyzing, and / or transmitting data.

[00142] In some examples, a measurement procedure may be provided for monitoring data rate, latency, and other factors in which one or more modes improve. There may also be an optional network functionality to reconfigure the OTT 650 connection between host 602 and UE 606 in response to variations in measurement results. The measurement procedure and / or the network functionality to reconfigure the OTT connection may be implemented in the software and hardware of host 602 and / or UE 606. In some embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with other devices through which the OTT 650 connection passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by providing values ​​of the quantities. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 52 / 100 / 68 monitored as exemplified above, or by providing values ​​of other physical quantities from which the software can calculate or estimate the monitored quantities. Reconfiguration of the OTT 650 connection may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing, etc.; reconfiguration need not directly alter the operation of network node 604. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art. In certain embodiments, measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling, which facilitates measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency, and the like, by host 602. Measurements may be implemented in such a way that the software causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or “dummy” messages, using the OTT 650 connection, while monitoring propagation times, errors, etc.

[00143] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method on a wireless device for implementing a PRS SL sequence initialization ID for use in PRS SL configuration, according to certain modes. In certain modes, one or more steps of Figure 10 may be performed by the UE 200 described in relation to Figure 5.

[00144] The method can start at optional step 1002, where the wireless device (e.g., UE 200) can receive network configuration data from a network node, the network configuration data comprising a PRS SL resource configuration. In specific resources, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID can be determined based at least on the PRS SL resource configuration.

[00145] In particular modes, the network configuration data may also include parameters that allow the wireless device to generate the PRS SL sequence initialization ID.

[00146] In optional step 1004, the wireless device can determine Petition 870250110259, dated 12 / 01 / 2025, page 53 / 100 / 68 the resources available for use for the PRS SL sequence initialization ID. In particular embodiments, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID may be derived based on at least the location of one resource among the available resources.

[00147] In step 1006, the wireless device generates the PRS SL sequence initialization ID. In particular modes, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is generated when a location management function (LMF) is not available. In particular modes, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is generated when the wireless device is not connected to a network.

[00148] In step 1008, the wireless device communicates the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a receiving wireless device. In optional step 1010, the wireless device may communicate the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a network node. In particular embodiments, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID replaces an initial PRS SL sequence initialization ID provided by a network node.

[00149] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to method 1000. In addition, one or more steps in method 1000 may be performed in parallel or in any appropriate order.

[00150] Figure 11 is a flowchart illustrating another exemplary method on a wireless device for implementing a PRS SL sequence initialization ID for use in PRS SL configuration, according to certain modes. In certain modes, one or more steps in Figure 11 may be performed by the UE 200 described in relation to Figure 5.

[00151] The method can start at step 1102, where the wireless device (e.g., UE 200) receives an assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID from a network node.

[00152] In optional step 1104, the wireless device can replace the Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, p. 54 / 100 49 / 68 PRS SL sequence initialization ID assigned, for example, by another PRS SL sequence initialization ID.

[00153] In step 1106, the wireless device communicates the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a receiving wireless device.

[00154] In particular modes, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID may be valid for a specified duration.

[00155] In particular modalities, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID may be valid for one or more areas associated with a cell list and / or side link zones.

[00156] In particular embodiments, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID can be determined based on at least one PRS SL initialization equation, the PRS SL initialization equation is: (I nPRSI \222[1E24]+ 210(CXf +1+ !)(2«teqmod 1024) + 1) + (<|eqmod 1024) j mod 231' Equation (5) where is the PRS SL sequence initialization ID, is in the set {0,1,...,4095}, is the number of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol within a slot to which the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is mapped, is a number of consecutive OFDM symbols in a slot, and is a slot number within a frame.

[00157] In particular embodiments, any of the steps and embodiments described in relation to method 1000 in Figure 10 may be implemented in conjunction with any of the steps and embodiments described in relation to method 1100 in Figure 11, and vice versa.

[00158] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to method 1100. In addition, one or more steps of method 1100 may be Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 55 / 100 / 68 carried out in parallel or in any appropriate order.

[00159] Figure 12 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method on a network node for implementing a PRS SL sequence initialization ID for use in PRS SL configuration, according to certain embodiments. In certain embodiments, one or more steps of Figure 12 may be performed by the network node 300 described in relation to Figure 6.

[00160] The method begins at step 1202, where the network node (e.g., network node 300) generates a law to be used for the PRS SL sequence initialization ID. At step 1204, the network node communicates the key to a first wireless device (e.g., a first instance of UE 200 from Figure 5).

[00161] In optional step 1206, the network node can communicate the key to a second wireless device (e.g., a second instance of UE 200 from Figure 5) via an LMF. In specific characteristics, the first wireless device is a transmitting wireless device in an SL communication with the second wireless device.

[00162] In particular modes, the key may be a specific key for a wireless device. In some cases, the key may be valid for a certain period of time and may be updated when the wireless device connects to the network node after the key expires.

[00163] In particular modes, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID may be valid for a specified duration. In particular modes, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID may be valid for one or more areas associated with a cell list and / or side link zones.

[00164] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to method 1200. In addition, one or more steps in method 1200 may be performed in parallel or in any suitable order.

[00165] Figure 13 is a flowchart that illustrates another method. Petition 870250110259, dated 12 / 01 / 2025, page 56 / 100 / 68, exemplary in a network node to implement a PRS SL sequence initialization ID for use in PRS SL configuration, according to certain embodiments. In certain embodiments, one or more steps of Figure 13 may be performed by the network node 1300 described in relation to Figure 6.

[00166] The method begins at step 1302, where the network node (e.g., network node 300) assigns the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a first wireless device (e.g., a first instance of UE 200 from Figure 5).

[00167] In step 1304, the network node communicates the PRS SL sequence initialization ID assigned to the first wireless device.

[00168] In optional step 1306, the network node can pre-configure the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID with one or more areas, where the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID can be valid for one or more areas associated with a list of cells and / or side link zones.

[00169] In optional step 1308, the network node can pre-configure the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID with a time period, where the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID can be valid for the time period.

[00170] In optional step 1310, the network node can transmit a new PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a wireless measuring device (e.g., second instance of UE 200 in Figure 5) when the first wireless device chooses a different PRS SL sequence initialization ID than the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID provided by the network node.

[00171] In particular embodiments, any of the steps and embodiments described with respect to method 1200 in Figure 12 may be implemented in conjunction with any of the steps and embodiments described with respect to method 1300 in Figure 13, and vice versa. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 57 / 100 / 68

[00172] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to method 1300. In addition, one or more steps in method 1300 may be performed in parallel or in any suitable order.

[00173] Figure 14 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a wireless device (e.g., the UE 200 illustrated in Figure 5). The 1400 device includes a wireless node (e.g., the UE 200 illustrated in Figure 5). The 1400 device is operable to perform the example methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 13 and possibly any other processes or methods described herein. It should also be understood that the method in Figure 14 is not necessarily performed exclusively by the 1400 device. At least some operations of any of the methods may be performed by one or more other entities.

[00174] The virtual 1400 apparatus may comprise a set of processing circuits, which may include one or more microprocessors or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The set of processing circuits may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or more types of memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. The program code stored in memory includes program instructions to execute one or more telecommunications and / or data communication protocols, as well as instructions to execute one or more of the techniques described herein, in various embodiments.

[00175] In some implementations, the processing circuitry may be used to enable the generation module 1402, the communication module 1404, the determination module 1406 and / or any other suitable units of the apparatus 1400 to perform functions. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 58 / 100 / 68 corresponding to one or more modalities of the present description.

[00176] As illustrated in Figure 14, device 1400 includes generator module 1402 configured to generate the PRS SL sequence initialization ID according to any of the embodiments and examples described herein. Communication module 1404 can be configured to communicate the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a wireless receiving device (e.g., UE 200 of Figure 5) according to any of the embodiments and examples described herein. Communication module 1404 can further be configured to communicate the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a network node (e.g., network node 300 of Figure 6) according to any of the embodiments and examples described herein. Determination module 1406 can be configured to determine the available resources to be used for the PRS SL sequence initialization ID, according to any of the embodiments and examples described in this document.In specific embodiments, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID can be derived based on at least the location of a resource among the available resources. The 1408 reception module can be configured to receive network configuration data from a network node, where the network configuration data comprises a PRS SL resource configuration, according to any of the embodiments and examples described in this document. In specific embodiments, the PRS SL sequence initialization ID can be determined based on at least the PRS SL resource configuration.

[00177] The 1408 reception module can additionally be configured to receive an assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID from a network node (e.g., network node 300 in Figure 6) according to any of the embodiments and examples described herein. The 1404 communication module can additionally be configured to Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, p. 59 / 100 / 68 communicate the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a receiving wireless device (e.g., UE 200 of Figure 5) according to any of the embodiments and examples described herein. The determination module 1406 can additionally be configured to override the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID before the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is communicated to the receiving wireless device according to any of the embodiments and examples described herein.

[00178] Figure 15 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a network node (e.g., network node 300 illustrated in Figure 6). Device 1500 includes a network node (e.g., network node 300 illustrated in Figure 6). Device 1500 is operable to perform the example methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 14 and possibly any other processes or methods described herein. It should also be understood that the method in Figure 15 is not necessarily performed exclusively by device 1500. At least some operations of any of the methods may be performed by one or more other entities.

[00179] The virtual device 1500 may comprise a set of processing circuits, which may include one or more microprocessors or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include DSPs, special-purpose digital logic and the like. The set of processing circuits may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or more types of memory, such as ROM, random access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. The program code stored in memory includes program instructions to execute one or more telecommunications and / or data communication protocols, as well as instructions to execute one or more of the techniques described herein, in various embodiments.

[00180] In some implementations, the set of circuits of Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 60 / 100 / 68 processing can be used to make the generation module 1502, the communication module 1504, the assignment module 1506, the configuration module 1508, the transmission module 1510 and / or any other suitable units of the device 1500 perform corresponding functions according to one or more embodiments of this description.

[00181] As illustrated in Figure 15, device 1500 includes generator module 1502 configured to generate a key to be used for the PRS SL sequence initialization ID, according to any of the embodiments and examples described herein. Communication module 1504 may be configured to communicate the key to a first wireless device (e.g., a first instance of the UE 200 of Figure 5) according to any of the embodiments and examples described herein. Communication module 1504 may also be configured to communicate the key to a second wireless device (e.g., a second instance of the UE 200 of Figure 5) via an LMF, according to any of the embodiments and examples described herein. In particular embodiments, the first wireless device is a wireless transmitting device in SL communication with the second wireless device.

[00182] The assignment module 1506 can be configured to assign the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a first wireless device (e.g., a first instance of the UE 200 from Figure 5) according to any of the modes and examples described herein. The communication module 1508 can be configured to communicate the PRS SL sequence initialization ID assigned to the first wireless device according to any of the modes and examples described herein. The configuration module 1508 can be configured to pre-configure the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID with one or more areas, where the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID can be valid for one or more areas associated with a list of cells and / or link zones. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, p. 61 / 100 / 68, in accordance with any of the modalities and examples described herein. The configuration module 1508 can also be configured to pre-configure the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID with a time period, where the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID can be valid for the time period in accordance with any of the modalities and examples described herein. The transmission module 1310 can be configured to transmit a new PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a wireless measuring device when the first wireless device chooses a different PRS SL sequence initialization ID than the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID provided by the network node in accordance with any of the modalities and examples described herein.

[00183] Although the computing devices described herein (e.g., UEs, network nodes, hosts) may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It should be understood that such computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and / or software necessary to perform the tasks, features, functions, and methods described herein. The determination, calculation, acquisition, or similar operations described herein may be performed by a set of processing circuits, which may process information, for example, by converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained or converted information with the information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained or converted information and, as a result of this processing, making a determination.Furthermore, although the components are represented as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple components. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 62 / 100 / 68 different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality can be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described here, and / or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuit and the communication interface. In another example, non-computationally intensive functions of any of these components may be implemented in software or firmware, and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.

[00184] In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuits that execute instructions stored in memory, which, in certain embodiments, may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transient, computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored in a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as via a wired connection. In either of these specific embodiments, whether executing instructions stored in a non-transient, computer-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry may be configured to perform the described functionality.The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry or other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole and / or by end users and by a wireless network in general.

[00185] Some examples of modalities include the following: Group A Modalities 1. A method performed by a user's equipment to Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, p. 63 / 100 / 68 implement a side link (SL) positioning reference signal sequence initialization identification (ID) for use in the PRS SL configuration, the method comprising: Generate the PRS SL sequence initialization ID; and communicate the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a receiving user device.

[00186] 2. The method of the previous embodiment, additionally comprising communicating the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a network node.

[00187] 3. The method of any of the above modalities, additionally comprising: Before generating the PRS SL sequence initialization ID, determine the resources available for use for the PRS SL sequence initialization ID, where the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is derived based on at least one location of a resource among the available resources.

[00188] 4. The method of any of the above modalities, in which the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is replaced by an initial PRS SL sequence initialization ID provided by a network node.

[00189] 5. A method implemented by a user device to implement a side-link (SL) positioning reference signal sequence initialization identification (ID) for use in the PRS SL configuration, the method comprising: Receive an assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID from a network node; and communicate the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a receiving user device.

[00190] 6. The method of the previous embodiment, additionally comprising replacing the received PRS SL sequence initialization ID Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, p. 64 / 100 59 / 68 PRS SL is: before communication with the receiving equipment.

[00191] 7. The method of any of the above modalities, where the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is valid for a determined duration.

[00192] 8. The method of any of the above modalities, where the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is valid for one or more areas associated with a list of cells and / or side link zones.

[00193] 9. The method of any of the previous embodiments, in which the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is determined based on at least one PRS SL initialization equation, the initialization equation 'RS \ + 210(Vss^bnsMf+ I + l)(2(ng*feqmod 1024) + 1) + (n^|eqmod 1024) j mod 231 10. A method performed by a wireless device, comprising: any of the wireless device steps, features, or functions described above, either alone or in combination with other steps, features, or functions described above.

[00194] 11. The method of the previous embodiment, additionally comprising one or more additional steps, features or functions of the wireless device described above.

[00195] 12. The method of any of the previous modalities, additionally comprising: to provide user data; and to forward the user data to a host via transmission to the network node. Group B Modalities

[00196] 13. A method implemented by a network node to implement a sequence initialization identification (ID) of reference signals Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 65 / 100 / 68 lateral link (SL) positioning (PRS) for use in PRS SL configuration, the method comprising: generate a key to be used for the PRS SL sequence initialization ID; and communicate the key to a first user device.

[00197] 14. The method of the previous modality, in which the key is a specific key for the user's equipment.

[00198] 15. The method of the previous modality, in which the key is valid for a certain period of time, being updated when the user's equipment connects to the network node after the key expires.

[00199] 16. The method of any of the above modalities, in which the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is valid for a specified duration.

[00200] 17. The method of any of the above modalities, where the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is valid for one or more areas associated with a list of cells and / or side link zones.

[00201] 18. The method of any of the previous modalities, in which the first user equipment is a transmitting user equipment in SL communication with a second user equipment.

[00202] 19. The method of the previous embodiment, additionally comprising communicating the key to the second user device by means of a location management function (LMF).

[00203] 20. A method performed by a network node, the method comprising: any of the network node steps, features, or functions described above, either alone or in combination with other steps, features, or functions described above.

[00204] 21. The method of the previous modality, additionally comprising one or more additional steps, resources or functions of the node of Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 66 / 100 / 68 network described above.

[00205] 22. The method of any of the previous modalities, additionally comprising: To obtain user data; and to forward the user data to a host or user device. Group C Modalities

[00206] 23. A user device for implementing a side-link (SL) positioning reference signal sequence initialization identification (ID) for use in the PRS SL configuration, comprising: A set of processing circuits configured to perform any of the steps of any of the modalities in Group A; and a set of power supply circuits configured to provide power to the set of processing circuits.

[00207] 24. A network node to implement a side-link (SL) positioning reference signal sequence initialization ID (ID) for use in the PRS SL configuration, the network node comprising: a set of processing circuits configured to perform any of the steps in any of the modalities of Group B; A set of power supply circuits configured to provide power to the set of processing circuits.

[00208] 25. A user device (UE) for implementing a side-link (SL) positioning reference signal sequence initialization identification (ID) for use in the PRS SL configuration, the UE comprising: Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 67 / 100 / 68 an antenna configured to send and receive wireless signals; a set of radio front-end circuits connected to the antenna and the processing circuitry, and configured to condition the signals communicated between the antenna and the processing circuitry; the set of processing circuits being configured to perform any of the steps of any of the modalities of Group A; an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to allow information to be entered into the UE to be processed by the processing circuitry; an output interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to output information from the UE that has been processed by the processing circuitry; and a battery connected to the processing circuitry and configured to provide power to the UE.

[00209] 26. A host configured to operate on a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: A set of processing circuits configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate the transmission of user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE comprises a communication interface and a set of processing circuits, the communication interface and the set of processing circuits of the UE being configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A modes to receive user data from the host. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 68 / 100 / 68

[00210] 27. The host of the previous embodiment, in which the cellular network additionally includes a network node configured to communicate with the UE to transmit user data from the host to the UE.

[00211] 28. The host of the 2 previous embodiments, in which: The host processing circuitry is configured to run a host application, thereby providing user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application running on the UE, with the client application associated with the host application.

[00212] 29. A method implemented by a host operating in a communication system that additionally includes a network node and a user device (UE), the method comprising: provide user data to the UE; and initiate a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the network node, wherein the UE performs any of the operations of any of the embodiments of Group A to receive the user data from the host.

[00213] 30. The preceding embodiment method, further comprising: On the host, run a host application associated with a client application running on the UE to retrieve user data from the UE.

[00214] 31. The method of the previous modality, additionally comprising: On the host, transmit input data to the client application running on the UE, with the input data being provided by the host application, while the user data is provided by the application. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 69 / 100 / 68, client in response to the input data from the host application.

[00215] 32. A host configured to operate on a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: A set of processing circuits configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate the transmission of user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE comprises a communication interface and a set of processing circuits, the communication interface and the set of processing circuits of the UE being configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A modes to transmit user data to the host.

[00216] 33. The host of the previous embodiment, in which the cellular network also includes a network node configured to communicate with the UE to transmit user data from the UE to the host.

[00217] 34. The host of the 2 previous modalities, in which: The host processing circuitry is configured to run a host application, thus providing user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application running on the UE, with the client application associated with the host application.

[00218] 35. A method implemented by a host configured to operate in a communication system that further includes a network node and a user device (UE), the method comprising: On the host, receive user data transmitted to the host through the network node by the UE, where the UE performs any of the following: Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 70 / 100 / 68 of the steps of any of the modalities of Group A to transmit user data to the host.

[00219] 36. The method of the previous modality, additionally comprising: On the host, run a host application associated with a client application running on the UE to retrieve user data from the UE.

[00220] 37. The method of the previous modality, additionally comprising: On the host, input data is transmitted to the client application running on the UE, with the input data being provided by the host application, and user data being provided by the client application in response to the host application's input data.

[00221] 38. A host configured to operate on a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: a set of processing circuits configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate the transmission of user data to a network node on a cellular network for transmission to a user device (UD), the network node having a communication interface and a set of processing circuits, the processing circuits of the network node being configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group B modes to transmit user data from the host to the UD.

[00222] 39. The host of the previous mode, wherein: The host's processing circuitry is configured to run a host application that provides the data. Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 71 / 100 / 68 user; and the UE comprises a set of processing circuits configured to execute a client application associated with the host application to receive the user data transmission from the host.

[00223] 40. A method implemented on a host configured to operate on a communication system that further includes a network node and a user device (UE), the method comprising: to provide user data to the UE; and to initiate a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the network node, wherein the network node performs any of the operations of any of the Group B modes to transmit the user data from the host to the UE.

[00224] 41. The method of the previous modality, additionally comprising, at the network node, the transmission of user data provided by the host to the UE.

[00225] 42. The method of either of the 2 previous modalities, in which user data is provided on the host by means of the execution of a host application that interacts with a client application running on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.

[00226] 43. A communication system configured to provide an over-the-top service, the communication system comprising: a host comprising: A set of processing circuits configured to provide user data to a user device (UE), the user data being associated with the over-the-top service; and a network interface configured to initiate the transmission of user data towards a cellular network node for transmission to... Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 72 / 100 / 68 UE, the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the network node's processing circuitry configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group B modes to transmit user data from the host to the UE.

[00227] 44. The communication system of the previous type, additionally comprising: the network node; and / or the user's equipment.

[00228] 45. A host configured to operate on a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: A set of processing circuits configured to initiate the reception of user data; and a network interface configured to receive user data from a network node in a cellular network, the network node having a communication interface and a set of processing circuits, the network node's set of processing circuits configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group B modes to receive user data from a user equipment (UE) to the host.

[00229] 46. The host of the 2 previous modalities, in which: The host processing circuitry is configured to run a host application, thus providing user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application running on the UE, with the client application associated with the host application.

[00230] 47. The host of either of the 2 modalities Petition 870250110259, dated 01 / 12 / 2025, page 73 / 100 / 68 previous, in which the initial receipt of user data includes the request for user data.

[00231] 48. A method implemented by a host configured to operate in a communication system that additionally includes a network node and a user device (UE), the method comprising: On the host, initiate the reception of user data from the UE, with the user data originating from a transmission that the network node received from the UE, where the network node performs any of the steps in any of the Group B modes to receive the user data from the UE to the host.

[00232] 49. The method of the previous modality, additionally comprising, at the network node, transmitting the user data received to the host.

Claims

1. Method implemented by a wireless device to implement a side link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) sequence initialization ID (ID) for use in PRS SL configuration, the method characterized in that it comprises: generating (1006) the PRS SL sequence initialization ID; and communicating (1008) the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a receiving wireless device.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises communicating (1010) the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a network node.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it further comprises: before generating the PRS SL sequence initialization ID, determining (1004) the available resources to be used for the PRS SL sequence initialization ID, wherein the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is derived based on at least one location of a resource among the available resources.

4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the PRS SL sequence initialization ID replaces an initial PRS SL sequence initialization ID provided by a network node.

5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is generated when a location management function (LMF) is not available.

6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it further comprises: before the generation of the PRS SL sequence initialization ID, Petition 870250110335, dated 02 / 12 / 2025, page 7 / 21 2 / 5 receiving (1002) network configuration data from a network node, the network configuration data comprising a PRS SL resource configuration, wherein the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is determined based at least on the PRS SL resource configuration; preferably wherein the network configuration data further comprise parameters that enable the wireless device to generate the PRS SL sequence initialization ID.

7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is generated when the wireless device is not connected to a network.

8. Method implemented by a wireless device to implement a side link (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) sequence initialization ID (ID) for use in PRS SL configuration, the method characterized in that it comprises: receiving (1102) an assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID from a network node; and communicating (1106) the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a receiving wireless device.

9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises replacing (1104) the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID before communicating the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to the receiving wireless device.

10. Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is valid for a specified duration.

11. Method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is valid for one or more areas associated with a cell list and / or side link zones. Petition 870250110335, dated 12 / 02 / 2025, p. 8 / 21 3 / 5 12. Method according to any one of claims 8 all, characterized in that the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is determined based on at least one PRS SL initialization equation, the PRS SL initialization equation being: r - 222 cimt — Δ „PRS ^lID,seq 1024 + 210(^symbnsMf + 1 + !)(2(¾ mod 1024) + 1) + (ng^eq mod 1024) mod 231 where is the PRS SL sequence initialization ID, is in the set {0,1, ..., 4095}, is the number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols within a slot to which the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is mapped, is a number of consecutive OFDM symbols in a slot, and is a slot number within a frame.

13. Method implemented by a network node to implement a side link (SL) positioning reference signal sequence initialization ID (PRS) for use in PRS SL configuration, the method characterized in that it comprises: generating (1202) a key to be used for the PRS SL sequence initialization ID; and communicating (1204) the key to a first wireless device.

14. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the key is a specific key for the wireless device.

15. Method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the key is valid for a specified period of time, and the key is updated when the wireless device connects to the network node after the key expires. Petition 870250110335, dated 12 / 02 / 2025, page 9 / 21 4 / 5 16. Method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is valid for a specified duration.

17. Method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the PRS SL sequence initialization ID is valid for one or more areas associated with a list of cells and / or side link zones.

18. Method according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the first wireless device is a wireless transmitting device in an SL communication with a second wireless device; preferably in which it further comprises communicating (1206) the key to the second wireless device by means of a location management function (LMF).

19. Method implemented by a network node to implement a side link (SL) Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) sequence initialization ID (ID) for use in PRS SL configuration, the method characterized in that it comprises: assigning (1302) the PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a first wireless device; and communicating (1304) the PRS SL sequence initialization ID assigned to the first wireless device.

20. Method according to claim 19, characterized in that it further comprises preconfiguring (1306) the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID with one or more areas, wherein the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID is valid for one or more areas associated with a list of cells and / or side link zones.

21. Method according to claim 19, characterized in that it further comprises preconfiguring (1308) the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID with a time period, in Petition 870250110335, dated 12 / 02 / 2025, page 10 / 21 5 / 5 that the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID is valid for the time period.

22. Method according to claim 19, characterized in that it further comprises transmitting (1310) a new PRS SL sequence initialization ID to a wireless measuring device when the first wireless device chooses a different PRS SL sequence initialization ID than the assigned PRS SL sequence initialization ID provided by the network node.

23. Wireless device (200) capable of implementing a side link (SL) positioning reference signal sequence initialization identification (ID) for use in the PRS SL configuration, the wireless device characterized in that it has a processing circuitry set (202) configured to perform a method as defined in any of claims 1 to 12.

24. Network node (160) capable of implementing a side link (SL) positioning reference signal sequence initialization ID (ID) for use in the PRS SL configuration, the network node characterized in that it comprises a set of processing circuits (170) configured to perform a method as defined in any of claims 13 to 22.

25. Product, process, system, means, kit or use, characterized by the fact that it comprises one or more elements as described in the descriptive report and / or illustrated in the figures.

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