COMPUTER-READABLE NON-TRANSITORY STORAGE METHOD, SYSTEM AND MEDIUM

Description

1 / 31 COMPUTER-READABLE NON-TRANSITORY STORAGE METHOD, SYSTEM AND MEDIUM BACKGROUND

[0001] For oil and gas exploration and production, a network of wells, installations, and other conduits can be established by connecting sections of metal pipe together. For example, the installation of a well can be completed, in part, by lowering several sections of metal pipe (i.e., a conduit string) into a well and cementing the conduit string in place. In some well installations, multiple conduit strings are employed (e.g., a concentric arrangement of multiple strings) to allow for different operations related to well completion, production, or enhanced oil recovery (EOR) options.

[0002] At the end of a well installation's lifespan, it may be capped and abandoned. Understanding the integrity of the cement bond to a conduit string can be beneficial in determining how to cap the well installation. In general, acoustics can be implemented using acoustic tools to form CBLs (cement bond profiles). Traditional acoustic tools require the production tubing to be removed so that the signal can directly reach the casing through the well fluid. There is a need in the industry for a CBL to be formed without removing the production tubing. Evaluating cement through the tubing is challenging because acoustic devices do not have enough power to insonify the production tubing with acoustic waves. Thus, the casing response may be very low relative to the overall signal received, making it difficult to assess the cement properties behind the casing.

[0003] Furthermore, acoustic waves can resonate in a well, which is defined as acoustic waves in resonance mode. Resonant mode acoustic waves can provide valuable information in CBL assessment. Resonant mode acoustic waves can be sensitive to cement-casing bonding in the presence of piping. However, it can be difficult to assess a CBL in the presence of non-resonant acoustic waves. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0004] These drawings illustrate certain aspects of some Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 11 / 53 2 / 31 examples of this disclosure should not be used to limit or define the disclosure.

[0005] Figure 1 illustrates a system including an acoustic profiling tool.

[0006] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a transmitter and a receiver.

[0007] Figure 3 illustrates an example of an information processing system.

[0008] Figure 4 illustrates an example of an information processing system.

[0009] Figure 5 illustrates the profiling tool. acoustics transmitting a shaped signal.

[0010] Figure 6 illustrates the time-domain graph of a signal from a single receiver for two cement adhesion conditions.

[0011] Figure 7 illustrates a scatter plot.

[0012] Figure 8 illustrates a dipole signal in the time domain.

[0013] Figure 9 illustrates a baseline removal signal method in the time domain.

[0014] Figure 10 illustrates an example of a time-domain method with baseline removal.

[0015] Figure 11 illustrates a time domain without the baseline removal method.

[0016] Figure 12 illustrates an example of a time-domain method without baseline removal.

[0017] Figure 13A illustrates wavelet analysis in the time-frequency domain.

[0018] Figure 13B illustrates the results of the wavelet analysis in the time-frequency domain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The methods and systems described herein may generally relate to methods and systems for enhancing the acoustic wave(s) of the resonance mode and removing the non-resonant wave(s). Specifically, Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 12 / 53 3 / 31 Acoustic sensing can incorporate resonance and non-resonant waves and provide continuous in-situ measurements of parameters related to cement adhesion to a casing. As a result, acoustic sensing can be used in cased well monitoring applications. As disclosed in this document, acoustic logging tools can be used to emit an acoustic signal that can traverse at least part of a conduit string to at least part of a casing. The reflected signals that are measured by the acoustic logging tool can be defined as result signals. The result signals can be analyzed to determine if the casing section is fully bonded, a free tube, or a partially bonded section. The return signal may include the resonance mode signal as well as other signals such as reflection, guided waves, tool mode, and / or Stoneley wave.As described below, the methods and systems can be used to extract one or more resonance mode signals and remove one or more non-resonance signals to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Specifically, the methods and systems can apply a bandpass filter to a resonance mode signal and identify the amplitude. In some examples, the bandpass filter can be implemented with or without baseline removal. Furthermore, the methods and systems contained in this document can implement the resonance mode frequency as a stickiness indicator.

[0020] Figure 1 illustrates an operating environment for an acoustic logging tool 100, as disclosed in this document. The acoustic logging tool 100 may comprise a transmitter 102 and / or a receiver 104. Furthermore, the transmitter 102 and the receiver 104 may be configured to rotate on the acoustic logging tool 100. In examples, there may be any number of transmitters 102 and / or any number of receivers 104 that may be available on the acoustic logging tool 100. Furthermore, the transmitter 102 and the receiver 104 may be configured to rotate on the acoustic logging tool 100. The acoustic logging tool 100 may be operatively coupled to a transport 106 (e.g., steel cable, flat cable, spiral tubing, pipe, downhole tractor and / or the like) which may provide mechanical suspension as well as electrical connectivity for the acoustic logging tool 100.Transport 106 and acoustic recording tool 100. Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, p. 13 / 53 4 / 31 can extend within the conduit string 108 to a desired depth within the wellbore 110. In some instances, the tubing may be concentric to the casing, while in other instances the tubing may not be concentric. The conveyor 106, which may include one or more electrical conductors, may exit the wellhead 112, pass through the pulley 114, engage the odometer 116, and be wound onto the winch 118, which may be employed to raise and lower the tool assembly in the wellbore 110. Signals recorded by the acoustic logging tool 100 may be stored in memory and then processed by the display and storage unit 120 after retrieval of the acoustic logging tool 100 from the wellbore 110. Alternatively, signals recorded by the acoustic logging tool 100 may be conveyed to the display and storage unit 120 via conveyor 106.The display and storage unit 120 can process the signals, and the information contained therein can be displayed for an operator to observe and stored for future processing and reference. Alternatively, the signals can be processed at the bottom of the well before reception by the display and storage unit 120, or both at the bottom of the well and at the surface 122, for example, by the display and storage unit 120. The display and storage unit 120 may also contain an apparatus for providing control signals and power to the acoustic logging tool 100. The typical conduit string 108 may extend from the wellhead 112 at ground level or above to a selected depth within a well 110. The conduit string 108 may comprise a plurality of joints 130 or segments of the conduit string 108, wherein each joint 130 is connected to adjacent segments by a collar 132.In addition, the 108 conduit column may include a plurality of pipes.

[0021] Figure 1 also illustrates the inner conduit string 108, which can be positioned within the conduit string 108 extending part of the distance to the well 110. The inner conduit string 108 can be a production pipe, a tubing string, a conduit string, or other pipe arranged within the conduit string 108. The inner conduit string 108 can comprise concentric pipes. It should be noted that concentric pipes can be connected by commands 132. The acoustic recording tool 100 can be sized so that it can be lowered into the well 110 through the conduit. Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, p. 14 / 53 5 / 31 internal 108, thus avoiding the difficulty and expense associated with removing internal conduit 108 from well 110. In this case, the conduit string 108 can be composed of internal conduit string 138.

[0022] In profiling systems, such as, for example, profiling systems using the acoustic profiling tool 100, a digital telemetry system can be employed, in which an electrical circuit can be used both to supply power to the acoustic profiling tool 100 and to transfer data between the display and storage unit 120 and the acoustic profiling tool 100. A DC voltage can be supplied to the acoustic profiling tool 100 by a power source located above ground level and data can be coupled to the DC power conductor by a baseband current pulse system.Alternatively, the acoustic logging tool 100 can be powered by batteries located within the downhole tool assembly, and / or the data provided by the acoustic logging tool 100 can be stored within the downhole tool assembly, instead of being transmitted to the surface 122 during logging (corrosion detection).

[0023] The acoustic profiling tool 100 can be used for excitation of the transmitter 102. As illustrated, one or more receivers 104 can be positioned in the acoustic recording tool 100 at selected distances (e.g., axial spacing) from the transmitter 102. The axial spacing of the receiver 104 from the transmitter 102 can vary, for example, from about 0 cm (0 inch) to about 101.6 cm (40 inches) or more. In some embodiments, at least one receiver 104 may be placed near the transmitter 102 (e.g., within at least 2.5 cm (1 inch)), while one or more additional receivers may be spaced from 30.5 cm (1 foot) to about 152 cm (5 feet) or more from the transmitter 102. It should be understood that the configuration of the acoustic profiling tool 100 shown in Figure 1 is merely illustrative and other configurations of the acoustic profiling tool 100 may be used with the techniques presented.Furthermore, the acoustic profiling tool 100 can include more than one transmitter 102 and more than one receiver 104. For example, an array of receivers 104 can be used. Transmitters 102 can include any acoustic source suitable for generating acoustic waves at the bottom of the well, including, without limitation, monopole and multipole sources (e.g., dipole, crossed dipole, etc.). Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, p. 15 / 53 6 / 31 quadrupole, hexapole, or higher-order multipole transmitters). Additionally, one or more transmitters 102 (which may include segmented transmitters) may be combined to excite a mode corresponding to an irregular / arbitrary mode shape. Specific examples of suitable transmitters 102 may include, without limitation, piezoelectric elements, bendable bars, or other transducers suitable for generating acoustic waves at the bottom of the well. The receiver 104 may include any acoustic receiver suitable for use at the bottom of the well, including piezoelectric elements that can convert acoustic waves into an electrical signal.

[0024] Figure 2 illustrates examples of transmitter 102 and receiver 104. As discussed above, transmitters 102 (as well as receivers 104) may be monopole or include multipole sources (e.g., dipole, crossed dipole, quadrupole, hexapole, or higher-order multipole transmitters). Additionally, one or more transmitters 102 (which may include segmented transmitters) may be combined to excite a mode corresponding to an irregular / arbitrary mode shape. For example, transmitter 102 may be a cylindrical and / or segmented piezoelectric tube. Furthermore, transmitter 103 may be a monopole, a dipole, a crossed dipole transmitter, a quadrupole, or a rotary transmitter of any mode and / or a higher-order transmitter. Receivers 104 may include a segmented piezoelectric tube, a single receiver, or an array of azimuthal receivers, which may produce azimuthal linkage variation behind the jacket 134.It should be noted that transmitter 102 and receiver 104 can be combined into a single element capable of both transmitting and receiving acoustic waves, which can be identified as a transceiver.

[0025] With reference back to Figure 1, the transmission of acoustic waves by the transmitter 102 and the signal profile by receivers 104 can be controlled by the display and storage unit 120, which may include an information handling system 144. As illustrated, the information handling system 144 may be a component of the display and storage unit 120. Alternatively, the information handling system 144 may be a component of the acoustic profiling tool 100. An information handling system 144 may include any instrumentation or aggregate of instrumentation operable for computing, estimating, classifying, Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 16 / 53 7 / 31 to process, transmit, receive, retrieve, originate, switch, store, display, manifest, detect, record, reproduce, manipulate or use any form of information, intelligence or data for commercial, scientific, control or other purposes. For example, an information handling system 144 may be a personal computer, a network storage device or any other suitable device and may vary in size, form, performance, functionality and price. The information handling system 144 may include a processing unit 146 (e.g., microprocessor, central processing unit, etc.) that may process EM profile data by executing software or instructions obtained from a local non-transient computer-readable medium 148 (e.g., optical discs, magnetic discs). The non-transient computer-readable medium 148 may store software or instructions of the methods described in this document.Non-transient computer-readable media 148 may include any instrumentation or aggregation of instrumentation that can retain data and / or instructions for a period of time. Non-transient computer-readable media 148 may include, for example, storage media such as a direct access storage device (e.g., a hard disk drive or floppy disk drive), a sequential access storage device (e.g., a tape disk drive), compact disc, CD-ROM, DVD, RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) and / or flash memory; as well as communication media such as wires, optical fibers, microwaves, radio waves and other electromagnetic and / or optical carriers; and / or any combination thereof. The information handling system 144 may also include input device(s) 150 (e.g., keyboard, mouse, touchpad, etc.).) and output device(s) 152 (e.g., monitor, printer, etc.). The input device(s) 150 and output device(s) 152 provide a user interface that allows an operator to interact with the acoustic profiling tool 100 and / or software running on the processing unit 146. For example, the information handling system 144 may allow an operator to select analysis options, view collected profile data, view analysis results, and / or perform other tasks.

[0026] Figure 3 illustrates an example information processing system 144 that can be used to perform various steps, Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 17 / 53 8 / 31 methods and techniques disclosed in this document. As illustrated, the information handling system 144 includes a processing unit (CPU or processor) 302 and a system bus 304 that couples various system components, including system memory 306, such as read-only memory (ROM) 308 and random access memory (RAM) 310 for the processor 302. The processors disclosed in this document may all be forms of this processor 302. The information handling system 144 may include a high-speed memory cache 312 connected directly to, in close proximity to, or integrated as part of the processor 302. The information handling system 144 copies data from memory 306 and / or storage device 314 to the cache 312 for fast access by the processor 302. In this way, the cache 312 provides a performance boost that avoids delays of the processor 302 while waiting for data.These and other modules can control or be configured to control the 302 processor to perform various operations or actions. Another 306 memory system may also be available for use. The 306 memory may include several different types of memory with different performance characteristics. It can be appreciated that the disclosure can operate in the 144 information processing system with more than one 302 processor or in a group or cluster of networked computing devices together to provide greater processing capacity. The 302 processor may include any general-purpose processor and a hardware module or software module, such as the first module 316, the second module 318, and the third module 320 stored in the storage device 314, configured to control the 302 processor, as well as a special-purpose processor where software instructions are embedded in the 302 processor.A 302 processor can be a standalone computing system containing multiple cores or processors, a bus, memory controller, cache, etc. A multi-core processor can be symmetric or asymmetric. The 302 processor can include multiple processors, such as a system with multiple processors physically separated in different sockets or a system with multiple processor cores on a single physical chip. Similarly, the 302 processor can include multiple distributed processors located in multiple separate computing devices but working together, such as through a network. Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 18 / 53 9 / 31 communications. Multiple processors or processor cores may share features, such as memory 306 or cache 312, or may operate using independent features. The processor 302 may include one or more state machines, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a programmable gate array (PGA) including a PGA field (FPGA).

[0027] The information processing system 144 may include a processor 302 that executes one or more instructions to process one or more measurements. The information processing system 144 may include the processor 302, which executes one or more instructions to process one or more measurements. The information processing system 144 may process one or more measurements according to one or more algorithms, functions, or calculations discussed below. In one or more embodiments, the information processing system 144 may output a return signal.

[0028] Processor 302 may include, for example, a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or any other digital or analog circuit configured to interpret, execute program instructions, process data, or any combination thereof. Processor 302 may be configured to interpret and execute program instructions or other data retrieved and stored in any memory, such as memory 306 or cache 312. The program instructions or other data may constitute parts of a software or application for the execution of one or more methods described in this document. Memory 306 or cache 312 may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), solid-state memory, or disk-based memory.Each memory module may include any system, device, or apparatus configured to retain program instructions, program data, or both for a period of time (e.g., non-transient, computer-readable medium). For example, instructions from a software or application may be retrieved and stored in memory 306 for execution by processor 601.

[0029] Each individual component discussed above can be coupled to the 304 system bus, which can connect each of the individual components to one another. The 304 system bus can be any of several types of bus structures, including a bus Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 19 / 53 10 / 31 memory or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of several bus architectures. A basic input / output (BIOS) stored in ROM 308 or similar may provide the basic routine that helps transfer information between elements within the information handling system 144, such as during initialization. The information handling system 144 additionally includes storage devices 314 or computer-readable storage media, such as a hard disk drive, a magnetic disk drive, an optical disk drive, a tape drive, a solid-state drive, a RAM drive, removable storage devices, a low-cost redundant disk array (RAID), a hybrid storage device, or similar. The storage device 314 may include software modules 316, 318, and 320 to control the processor 302.The information processing system 144 may include other hardware or software modules. The storage device 314 is connected to the system bus 304 by a drive interface. The associated computer-readable drives and storage devices provide non-volatile storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and other data for the information processing system 144. In one aspect, a hardware module that performs a specific function includes the software component stored on a computer-readable storage device in conjunction with the necessary hardware components, such as processor 302, system bus 304, and so forth, to perform a particular function.In another aspect, the system may use a processor and a computer-readable storage device to store instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform specific operations, a method, or other actions. The basic components and appropriate variations may be modified depending on the type of device, such as whether the information handling system 144 is a small portable computing device, a desktop computer, or a computer server. When the processor 302 executes instructions to perform “operations,” the processor 302 may perform the operations directly and / or facilitate, direct, or cooperate with another device or component to perform the operations.

[0030] As illustrated, the information handling system. Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 20 / 53 11 / 31 Information 144 employs storage device 314, which may be a hard disk or other types of computer-readable storage devices that can store data that is accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital versatile disks (DVDs), cartridges, random access memories (RAMs) 310, read-only memory (ROM) 308, a cable containing a bit stream and the like, may also be used in the exemplary operating environment. Computer-readable storage media, computer-readable storage devices or computer-readable memory devices expressly exclude media such as transient waves, energy, carrier signals, electromagnetic waves and signals proper.

[0031] To enable user interaction with the information processing system 144, an input device 322 represents any number of input mechanisms, such as a microphone for speech, a touch screen for gesture or graphic input, keyboard, mouse, motion input, speech, and so forth. Furthermore, the input device 322 may receive data from one or more sensors 136, discussed above. An output device 324 may also be one or more of several output mechanisms known to those skilled in the art. In some cases, multimodal systems allow a user to provide multiple types of input to communicate with the information processing system 144. The communication interface 326 generally governs and manages user input and system output.There is no restriction on operating on any particular hardware arrangement, and therefore the basic hardware described here can be easily replaced by improved hardware or firmware arrangements as they are developed.

[0032] As illustrated, each individual component described above is represented and disclosed as individual functional blocks. The functions that these blocks represent can be provided through the use of shared or dedicated hardware, including, without limitation, hardware capable of running software and hardware, such as a 302 processor, which is specifically built to operate as the equivalent of software running on a general-purpose processor. For example, the functions of one or more processors shown in Figure 3 can be provided by a single shared processor or multiple processors. (The use of the term “processor” should not be...) Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 21 / 53 12 / 31 to be interpreted to refer exclusively to hardware capable of executing software.) Illustrative embodiments may include microprocessor hardware and / or digital signal processor (DSP), read-only memory (ROM) 308 for storing software that performs the operations described below, and random access memory (RAM) 310 for storing the results. Large-scale integration (VLSI) hardware embodiments may also be provided, as well as custom VLSI circuits in combination with a general-purpose DSP circuit.

[0033] The logical operations of the various methods described below are implemented as: (1) a sequence of steps, operations, or procedures implemented by a computer that runs on a programmable circuit within a general-purpose computer; (2) a sequence of steps, operations, or procedures implemented by a computer that runs on a specific-purpose programmable circuit; and / or (3) interconnected machine modules or program engines within the programmable circuits. The information processing system 144 may perform all or part of the methods described, may be a part of the systems described, and / or may operate according to the instructions on the tangible computer-readable storage devices described. Such logical operations may be implemented as modules configured to control the processor 302 to perform particular functions according to the programming of the software modules 316, 318, and 320.

[0034] In the examples, one or more parts of the example information handling system 144, up to and including the entire information handling system 144, may be virtualized. For example, a virtual processor may be a software object that runs according to a specific instruction set, even when a physical processor of the same type as the virtual processor is not available. A virtualization layer or virtual “host” may enable virtualized components of one or more different computing devices or device types, converting virtualized operations to real operations. Ultimately, however, virtualized hardware of any type is implemented or executed by some underlying physical hardware. Thus, a virtualization computer layer may operate over a physical computer layer. The layer of Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 22 / 53 13 / 31 Computer virtualization can include one or more virtual machines, an overlay network, a hypervisor, virtual switching, and any other virtualization application.

[0035] Figure 4 illustrates another example of an information processing system 144 having a chipset architecture that can be used in executing the described method and in generating and displaying a graphical user interface (GUI). The information processing system 144 is an example of computer hardware, software, and firmware that can be used to implement the disclosed technology. The information processing system 144 may include a processor 302, representative of any number of physically and / or logically distinct resources capable of executing software, firmware, and hardware configured to perform identified computations. The processor 302 may communicate with a chipset 400 that may control the input and output of the processor 302.In this example, chipset 400 outputs information to output device 324, such as a display, and can read and write information to storage device 314, which may include, for example, magnetic media and solid-state media. Chipset 400 can also read data from and write data to RAM 310. A bridge 402 for interfacing with a variety of user interface components 404 may be provided to interface with chipset 400. Such user interface components 404 may include a keyboard, a microphone, touch detection and processing circuitry, a pointing device such as a mouse, and so on. In general, the inputs to the information processing system 144 may come from a variety of sources, both machine-generated and / or human-generated.

[0036] The 400 chipset can also interact with one or more 326 communication interfaces, which may have different physical interfaces. Such communication interfaces may include interfaces for wired and wireless local area networks, for broadband wireless networks, as well as personal area networks. Some applications of the methods for generating, displaying, and using the GUI disclosed in this document may include receiving sorted datasets through the physical interface or being generated by the machine itself by the 302 processor analyzing data stored in the 314 storage device or 310 RAM. In addition, the 144 information processing system receives input from a user through 404 user interface components and performs appropriate functions, such as Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 23 / 53 14 / 31 navigation functions, interpreting these inputs using processor 302.

[0037] In examples, the information handling system 144 may also include tangible and / or non-transient computer-readable storage devices for carrying or having computer-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon. These tangible and computer-readable storage devices may be any available device that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, including the functional design of any special-purpose processor as described above.By way of example, and not as a limitation, such tangible computer-readable devices may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other device that can be used to transport or store the desired program code in the form of computer-executable instructions, data structures, or processor chip design. When information or instructions are delivered over a network or other communications connection (wired, wireless, or a combination thereof) to a computer, the computer correctly views the connection as a computer-readable medium. Thus, any such connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. Combinations of the foregoing should also be included within the scope of computer-readable devices.

[0038] Computer executable instructions include, for example, instructions and data that cause a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or a special-purpose processing device to perform a particular function or group of functions. Computer executable instructions also include program modules that are executed by computers in stand-alone or network environments. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, objects, and the functions inherent in the design of special-purpose processors, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Computer executable instructions, associated data structures, and program modules represent examples of the means of program code to execute steps of the methods disclosed in this document. The particular sequence of such executable instructions or associated data structures Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 24 / 53 15 / 31 represents examples of corresponding actions to implement the functions described in those steps.

[0039] In further examples, the methods can be practiced in networked computing environments with many types of computer system configurations, including personal computers, portable devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and the like. Examples can also be practiced in distributed computing environments, where tasks are performed by local and remote processing devices that are connected (by wired links, wireless links, or a combination thereof) through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located on both local and remote memory storage devices.

[0040] Figure 5 illustrates the acoustic recording tool 100 disposed in well 110, where the transmitter 102 can transmit a shaped acoustic signal 500 through the inner conduit string 108, which can excite a fluid 502 that can be disposed between the inner conduit string 108 and the casing 134. The shaped acoustic signal 500 can be transmitted from 1 Hz to 100 MHz. It should be noted that the fluid 502 can comprise mud, formation fluid and / or reservoir fluid disposed at the bottom of the well for drilling operations. Furthermore, fluid 502 can be disposed within conduit 108. Thus, fluid 502 can be within the tube column 138 and be disposed between the outermost tubular ring 138 and the sheath 134. The shaped acoustic signal 500 may lose energy as it passes through the conduit column 108; however, the shaped acoustic signal 500 may continue to resonate through fluid 502 until it reaches sheath 134.In the lining 134, the shaped acoustic signal 500 can interact with the boundary 504, which is the lining 134 and the material 506. The material 506 can be cement, water, air, and / or any combination thereof. The interaction at the boundary 504 can cause the result signal 508 and the dissipated signal 510. The result signal 508 can be reflected out of the boundary 504 back to the acoustic recording tool 100. In examples, the result signal 508 comprises reflections, refractions, and / or a resonance that is formed in the late time.

[0041] As illustrated in Figure 5, the result sign Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 25 / 53 16 / 31 508 can interact with the conduit sequence 108, pass through the conduit sequence 108 and be detected, recorded and / or measured by the receiver 104. The result signal 508 can be between 1 and 100 kHz. The dissipated signal 510 can continue to move through the material 506, which can continuously capture energy from the dissipated signal 510 until the dissipated signal 510 is extinguished. The result signal 508 can be processed to further determine if the material 506 (i.e., cement, water, air and / or similar) can be connected to the lining 134.

[0042] For example, Figure 6 illustrates a graph of one or more result signals 508, which was captured by receiver 104 (e.g., referring to Figure 5). As illustrated, the early arrival times 602 comprise acoustic energy, which may include reflections from the conduit column 108, reflections from the cladding 134 through the conduit column 108, guided wave refractions from the conduit column 108, guided wave refractions from the cladding 134 through the conduit column 108 (e.g., referring to Figure 5), Stoneley waves, tool waves and / or the like. These waves may be classified as non-resonant waves. After a certain time, certain waves propagate away from the receiver 104 in the form of guided coating wave, guided pipe wave, tool wave, Stoneley wave and / or multiple reflections (for example, not illustrated and represented by the dissipated signal 510).Therefore, in late arrivals 604, it is observed that the result signal 508 has fixed frequency components and decreasing amplitude over time. Thus, late arrivals 604 may include at least part of a resonance mode signal. Here, the resonance mode can be defined as the resonance of the conduit column 108 (e.g., referring to Figure 1), the conduit column 108, the tool 100, and the fluid 502 (e.g., referring to Figure 5).

[0043] The resonance mode signal can be categorized into one or any number of poles. For example, a monopole transmitter (e.g., referring to Figure 2) can generate monopole resonance modes. With borehole asymmetry, a monopole transmitter can also generate other multiple resonance modes, such as dipole and quadrupole modes. A signal received by receiver 104 can be decomposed into monopolar, dipole, unipole, quadrupole, and higher-order responses, or a response with any specific mode shape. Each resonance mode can include a frequency Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, p. 26 / 53 17 / 31 exclusive, mode shape, modal decay rate and / or attenuation rate. Each multipolar resonance mode can be identified by mode analysis. Mode analysis can be used to identify the frequency of a resonant frequency.

[0044] Figure 7 illustrates a dispersion curve (wavenumber vs. frequency) generated from the mode analysis simulation of at least part of a 108 conduit column and the 700 dispersion configuration of the 108 conduit column (e.g., referring to Figure 1). The 704 resonance mode signals for the 700 dispersion configuration can be identified by a curve that approaches the x-axis vertically (zero wavenumber) due to the fact that the group velocity of a standing wave is zero. Each 704 resonance mode signal represents a specific mode shape. The corresponding mode shape of each 704 resonance mode signal can also be identified from the mode analysis. Mode analysis can identify the nature of the mode and whether it is sensitive to cement bonding.The mode shape of a specific mode can be expressed as pressure level in the fluid 502 (e.g., referring to Figure 5) or displacement / stress in the conduit column 108 and / or in the conduit column 108. Mode analysis can be enhanced with numerical simulation. For example, the monopolar resonance signal 706, the dipole resonance signal 708, and the quadrupole resonance signal 710 can be first-order radial acoustic resonance mode shapes. The second-order dipole resonance signal 712, the second-order quadrupole resonance signal 714, and the second-order monopole resonance signal 716 can represent second-order dipole acoustic resonance mode shapes. A resonance mode can be excited by a transmitter 102 (e.g., referring to Figure 1) in the same way at the corresponding resonance frequency.A resonance mode can be generated from mode conversion due to eccentricity, linkage condition, or other asymmetry.

[0045] A resonance mode can also be categorized by a dominant vibration domain, such as the inner ring, the outer ring, or the inner and outer rings. For example, the shape of the monopolar acoustic resonance mode 706, the shape of the quadrupolar acoustic resonance mode 710, the shape of the second-order dipolar acoustic resonance mode 712, and the shape of the second-order monopolar acoustic resonance mode 716 can include Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 27 / 53 18 / 31 energy in conduit column 108 and in conduit column 108. The pressure in conduit column 108 can induce a displacement in the lining, forming leakage waves within the cement behind and / or within one or more tubes of conduit column 108. Therefore, the monopolar resonance signal 706, the quadrupolar acoustic resonance signal 710, the second-order dipolar resonance signal 712, and the second-order monopolar resonance signal 716 can be particularly sensitive to cement bonding. In fact, greater pipe displacement indicates greater sensitivity to cement. Alternatively, analysis of the lining displacement mode can be another indicator of a mode's sensitivity to cement bonding. In examples, the shell displacement shows the displacement of the shell and tubing at a specific resonance frequency. Greater lining displacement may indicate sensitivity to cement.

[0046] The non-resonant signal that arrives early in the time domain may not be very sensitive to cement bonding. Furthermore, this phenomenon can be further explored in Figure 8. Figure 8 illustrates a dipole signal in the time domain for the free-tube signal, fully bonded signal, and free-tube signal with the baseline signal removed, where the baseline signal is considered the fully bonded signal. As shown in Figures 6 and 8, there is little difference between the free-tube signal and the fully bonded signal at the beginning of the time domain. Therefore, one way to extract the cement-sensitive resonance signal is to take the late-time response, filter for the frequency of the mode of interest, and calculate the amplitude.

[0047] Another way to remove early arrivals of time 602 (e.g., referring to Figure 6) is to subtract a time-domain signal from the baseline. The free tube signal minus the fully bound 802 can be the signal after baseline removal. The baseline signal is considered to be the fully bound 804 signal. After removal, the free tube signal minus the fully bound 802 becomes the free tube 804. The free tube 804 can be identified as the resonance signal with the non-resonance signal (reflections, guided waves, tool mode, etc.) removed. For the signal removed from the baseline, the amplitude can be calculated from the initial time or time zero.

[0048] Figure 9 illustrates a baseline removal signal method in the 900 time domain. In examples, the baseline signal method of Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 28 / 53 19 / 31 removed base 900 can be executed and / or operated in the information processing system 144 (e.g., referring to Figure 1). In block 902, transmitter 102 (e.g., referring to Figure 5) can emit a shaped acoustic signal 500. The shaped acoustic signal 500 can be of any mode type, such as monopole, dipole, or any other higher-order acoustic signal. In block 904, receiver 104 can measure the result signal 508. Any number of receivers 102 can include azimuthal receivers, monopole receivers, monopole receivers, dipole receivers, or higher-order multipole receivers. In block 906, a cement-sensitive resonance mode can be determined from modal analysis or from a pre-computed library.In some examples, modal analysis or a pre-computed library can determine a selected resonance mode from among the monopolar acoustic resonance mode shape 706, the dipolar resonant signal 708, the quadrupolar acoustic resonance mode shape 710, the second-order dipolar acoustic resonance mode shape 712, the second-order quadrupolar resonance signal 714, and the second-order monopolar acoustic resonance mode shape 716. In block 908, the received signal 508 can be decomposed according to the mode of a specific cement-sensitive mode, forming a decomposed waveform. If the receivers 102 include an azimuthal array receiver, the signals can be decomposed into monopole, dipole, quadrupole, and higher-order multipole responses. In block 910, a baseline signal can be subtracted from the decomposed waveform to remove the non-resonant signal.For example, this can be accomplished by subtracting a decomposed baseline signal from the decomposed waveform of a depth range or the result signal 508 to remove non-resonance and form a free tube signal 806 (e.g., referring to Figure 8). Thus, the baseline signal can be decomposed in the resonance mode. The baseline signal can be the fully switched-on signal 804 or the free tube signal 806.

[0049] In block 912, a bandpass filter can be used on the product of the free tube signal 806 from block 910 to form a filtered waveform in the time domain. A frequency band of the bandpass filter can be used according to the frequency of a specific cement-sensitive mode. In fact, a bandpass filter can be used to form the filtered time domain signal within a given bandwidth. The band of a filter Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 29 / 53 20 / 31 bandpass can be distributed equally to each resonant frequency. In some examples, the frequency band can be determined by a predetermined cement-sensitive resonant mode, as discussed in block 906. If a resonant frequency is 10 kHz, the band could be 8 to 12 kHz. The band can range from 1 Hz to 1 MHz. In block 914, propagating waves can be removed from the time-domain filtered signal to form a resonant signal. In some examples, propagating waves (such as guided waves or Stoneley waves) can be removed with signal processing methods such as frequency-wavenumber filtering, slant-stack transform, Radon transform, etc.

[0050] In block 916, a time segment of the resonance signal is selected to compute the amplitude of the filtered waveform in the time domain. The time segment can be selected from the initial time and includes resonance and non-resonance signals. In fact, the final time is selected to avoid late reflection signals. The amplitude can be calculated as the root mean square amplitude, the peak-to-peak amplitude, or from wavelet convolution or Hilbert transform. In block 918, the amplitude can be plotted on an amplitude profile at the depth of the acoustic recording tool 100 (e.g., referring to Figure 1). Furthermore, the acoustic recording tool 100 can be transported to a plurality of depths and repeat blocks 902-918 to fill an amplitude profile. Additionally, a plurality of resonance modes can be employed to produce a plurality of amplitude recordings.In block 920, the plurality of amplitude records can be combined from various resonance modes and the recording amplitude calibrated to produce an aggregate cement bonding profile. For example, records from various cement-sensitive modes can be combined to produce the aggregate cement bonding profile. The overall cement bonding record can be a weighted average of records from various cement-sensitive modes, where the weights depend on the sensitivity of the individual modes. Finally, the recording amplitude needs to be normalized with the amplitude of the free pipe or fully bonded section, which comes from field testing, laboratory testing, or simulation. The final generalized record is normalized to have a unified free pipe value (e.g., one) and a unified fully bonded value (e.g., zero). Furthermore, the method... Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 30 / 53 21 / 31 900 of the baseline removal signal in the time domain can be repeated for different frequencies. The results can be illustrated in Figure 10.

[0051] Figure 10 illustrates an example of a time-domain method with baseline removal. The decompressed waveform 1002 from block 908 (e.g., referring to Figure 9) provides a monopolar response of the azimuthal signals from the receiver. Similarly, the resonance signal 1004 from block 916 shows the signal after subtracting the fully bound signal, the bandpass filter, and removing the propagation wave. A time segment of 0 to 3 ms can be used to capture the arrivals of the amplitude profile 1006 from block 918. The RMS (root mean square) amplitude of the time-segmented signal can be calculated and plotted on the amplitude profile 1006. The amplitude profile 1006 shows the difference between the fully bound and free tube section and the partially bound section. Thus, the 1006 amplitude profile produces a correlation of how proficient a cement bond is at a given depth.In some examples, cement bond quality can be measured in terms of the percentage of bonding between fully bonded and free pipe. Thus, a fully bonded section can produce a cement bond quality of 100%. If cement bonding is not efficient at a given depth, a remediation plan can be implemented. In this sense, an efficient cement bond can be 100%-75% fully bonded, 75%-25% fully bonded, or 25%-1% fully bonded. A non-proficient cement bond can be any percentage of fully bonded less than a proficient cement bond. The difference between free and fully bonded pipe can be illustrated in the amplitude variation 1008. Figures 9 and 10 illustrate a method for baseline signal removal in the time domain and provide a graphical representation of its effectiveness.In other examples, a time-domain method without baseline removal can be implemented.

[0052] Figure 11 illustrates a time domain without the baseline removal method 1100. In some examples, the baseline removal method 1100 without the time domain can be executed and / or operated in the information processing system 144 (e.g., referring to Figure 1). In block 1102, transmitter 102 (e.g., referring to Figure 5) can emit a shaped acoustic signal 500. The shaped acoustic signal 500 can be of any type of Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 31 / 53 22 / 31 mode, such as monopole, dipole, or any other higher-pole acoustic signal. In block 1104, receiver 104 can measure the result signal 508. Any number of receivers 102 can include azimuthal receivers, monopole receivers, monopole receivers, dipole receivers, or receivers for higher-order multipoles. In block 1106, a cutoff time can be determined to remove non-resonant arrivals at the beginning of the time. In this way, the cutoff time indicates the distinction between early arrival times 602 and late arrival times 604. Thus, when applied, the cutoff time can remove at least a portion of the return signal. In this document, the cutoff time can be defined as the initial time when selecting the time-domain signal segment and can be determined by the source waveform length, pipe and casing diameters, degree of eccentricity, and transmitter-receiver (TR) offset.A time segment can be obtained from the cutoff time to the point where most of the signal decays. In some examples, a cutoff time can be estimated from the time-domain signal. In some examples, the cutoff time can vary from 0.01 ms-1 ms, 1 ms-2 ms, 2 ms-10 s, or 10 s-2 minutes. In block 1108, a cement-sensitive resonance mode is determined from modal analysis or a pre-computed library. Modal analysis can consider the tool, pipe, and lining dimensions and material properties as input. By solving a system of equations, it can generate the frequency (system eigenvalues) and mode shape (system eigenvectors) of all resonance modes. Numerical simulation software can perform this task, and a sample of all shapes is shown in Figure 7. Furthermore, cement-sensitive modes can be selected as described above.Alternatively, the cement-sensitive resonance mode can be related to the pipe / casing size using empirical equations. These can also be pre-computed and stored in a library or lookup table.

[0053] In block 1110, the received signal 508 can be decomposed according to the mode of a specific cement-sensitive mode, forming a decomposed waveform. For the azimuthal array receiver, the signals are decomposed into monopolar, dipole, quadripole, and higher-order multipole responses. For a monopole, dipole, or higher-order multipole receiver, the receiver can receive a signal from a specific multimode and not Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 32 / 53 23 / 31 requires decomposition. In block 1112, a bandpass filter can be used on the decomposed waveform from block 1110 to form a filtered time-domain waveform. A frequency band of the bandpass filter can be used according to the frequency of a specific cement-sensitive mode. In fact, a bandpass filter can be used to form the filtered time-domain signal within a given bandwidth. In some examples, the frequency band can be determined by a predetermined cement-sensitive resonance mode. In block 1114, propagation waves can be removed from the filtered time-domain signal to remove the non-resonant signal, so that the remaining signal is the resonance signal.In some examples, propagating waves (such as guided waves or Stoneley waves) can be removed using signal processing methods such as frequency-wavenumber filtering, slant-stack transform, Radon transform, etc.

[0054] In block 1116, a time segment of the resonance signal is selected to compute the amplitude of the filtered waveform in the time domain. The start of a time segment can be selected at the end of the initial time and include only a resonant signal. The end of the time segment is cut off before the resonant signal decays. In fact, the final time is selected to avoid late reflection signals. The amplitude can be calculated as the root mean square amplitude, the peak-to-peak amplitude, or from wavelet convolution or Hilbert transform. In block 1118, the amplitude can be plotted on an amplitude profile at the depth of the acoustic recording tool 100 (e.g., referring to Figure 1). Furthermore, the acoustic recording tool 100 can be transported to a plurality of depths and repeat blocks 1102-1118 to fill an amplitude profile.Furthermore, a plurality of resonance modes can be employed to produce a plurality of amplitude profiles. In block 1120, the plurality of amplitude records can be combined from various resonance modes and the recording amplitude calibrated to produce a cement-aggregate bond profile. For example, records from various cement-sensitive modes can be combined to produce the cement-aggregate bond profile. The overall cement bond profile can be a weighted average of profiles from various cement-sensitive modes, where the weights depend on the sensitivity of the individual modes. Finally, the profile amplitude. Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 33 / 53 24 / 31 needs to be normalized with the amplitude of the free tube or the fully adhered section, which is obtained from field testing, laboratory testing, or simulation. The final generalized profile is normalized to have a unified free tube value (e.g., one) and a unified fully adhered value (e.g., zero). Furthermore, the 1100 time-domain method without baseline removal can be repeated for different frequencies. The results can be seen in Figure 12.

[0055] Figure 12 illustrates an example of a time-domain method without baseline removal. The data are obtained from a test well with different bonding conditions, which are free pipe, fully bonded section, and partially bonded section with a fluid channel width of 502 (e.g., referring to Figure 5). The cement-sensitive mode is a dipole mode, and the signal is excited with a dipole source and received by segmented receivers. The decompressed waveform 1202 from block 1110 (e.g., referring to Figure 11) provides a monopolar response of the azimuthal signals from the receiver. Similarly, the resonance signal 1204 from block 1112 shows the product after bandpass filtering and propagation wave removal, bandpass filtering and propagation wave removal. A time segment of 1 to 3 ms can be used to capture the arrivals of the amplitude profile 1206 from block 1118.The RMS (root mean square) amplitude of the time-segmented signal can be calculated and plotted on the 1206 amplitude profile. The 1206 amplitude profile shows the difference between the fully bonded and free pipe section and the partially bonded section. Thus, the 1206 amplitude profile correlates with the proficiency of cement bonding at a given depth. If cement bonding is not efficient at a given depth, a remediation plan can be implemented. In this sense, efficient cement bonding can be 100%-75% fully bonded, 75%-25% fully bonded, or 25%-1% fully bonded. The difference between the free and fully bonded pipe can be illustrated in the 1008 amplitude variation. Figures 9 to 12 illustrate a method for time-domain methods. In other examples, a time-frequency domain method implementing wavelet analysis can be performed.

[0056] Figure 13A illustrates wavelet analysis in the 1300 time-frequency domain. In some examples, 1300 time-frequency domain wavelet analysis can be performed and / or operated on the treatment system. Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 34 / 53 25 / 31 of information 144 (e.g., referring to Figure 1). In block 1302, transmitter 102 (e.g., referring to Figure 5) can emit a shaped acoustic signal 500. The shaped acoustic signal 500 can be of any mode type, such as monopole, dipole, or any other higher-order acoustic signal. In block 1304, receiver 104 can measure the result signal 508. Any number of receivers 102 can include azimuthal receivers, monopole receivers, monopole receivers, dipole receivers, or higher-order multipole receivers. In block 1306, a cement-sensitive resonance mode is determined from modal analysis or a pre-computed library, as discussed in block 906. In block 1308, the received signal 508 can be decomposed according to the mode of a specific cement-sensitive mode, forming a decomposed waveform.If receiver 102 is an azimuthal array receiver, the signals can be decomposed into monopole, dipole, quadpole, and higher-order multipole responses. For a monopole, dipole, or higher-order multipole receiver, receiver 102 can receive a signal from a specific multimode and may not use decomposition.

[0057] In block 1310, the decomposed waveform from block 1308 can be transformed into a time-frequency domain using wavelet analysis. The time-frequency window 1320 can be used to calculate the amplitude of the 2D time-frequency domain. Figure 13B illustrates the results of wavelet analysis in the time-frequency domain 1300. The frequency window can be determined by the frequency of the cement-sensitive mode, as discussed in block 912 (e.g., referring to Figure 9). For example, in Figure 13B, the cement-sensitive mode is a 16 kHz monopole, so the frequency range of the time-frequency window is selected from 9 kHz to 22 kHz. Furthermore, the time window can be the same as the time segment from block 916.

[0058] In block 1312, the amplitude can be plotted from a depth interval as amplitude profile 1318. The amplitude of the amplitude profile can be an indicator of cement bonding. Thus, amplitude profile 1318 correlates with the proficiency of cement bonding at a given depth. If cement bonding is not efficient at a given depth, a remediation plan can be implemented. In this sense, efficient cement bonding can be 100%-75% fully bonded, 75%-25% fully bonded, or 25%-1% fully bonded. A bond Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 35 / 53 26 / 31 of non-proficient cement can be any percentage of fully bonded material less than a proficient cement bond. In block 1314, amplitude profile 1318 can be an aggregate of various resonance mode amplitudes. Records of various cement-sensitive modes can be combined to produce an aggregate cement bond profile. The overall cement bond record can be a weighted average of the individual records, where the weights depend on the sensitivity of the individual modes. Finally, the profile amplitude needs to be normalized to the free tube or fully bonded section amplitude, which comes from field testing, laboratory testing, or simulation. The final generalized profile is normalized to have a unified free tube value (e.g., one) and a unified fully bonded value (e.g., zero).

[0059] Remediation procedures can be implemented to correct non-performing cement bonds. In some examples, remediation procedures may include oil drilling, soil vapor extraction, air-spray soil vapor extraction, in-situ chemical oxidation, groundwater extraction and treatment by mechanical, chemical, or biological means, and dual-phase extraction. Additionally, one or more remediation operations may be identified and performed in the well. Overall remediation may be performed by a bottomhole compression job. In some examples, for well remediation, spiral piping may deliver remediation chemicals to the site of the non-performing cement bond.Furthermore, remediation operations such as squeezing work, chemical remediation, oil excavation, soil vapor extraction, air spray soil vapor extraction, in situ chemical oxidation, groundwater extraction and treatment by mechanical, chemical or biological means, and dual-phase extraction and / or similar methods may be performed to improve or at least partially repair one or more non-ideal cement bonds.

[0060] The methods and systems described above are an improvement on current technology, as they remove non-resonant signals and enhance resonant signals. Specifically, the methods and systems described in this document determine the amplitude of resonant signals from the time-domain signal filtered with a bandpass filter, with or without baseline removal. In fact, the amplitude of resonant signals can be used to Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 36 / 53 27 / 31 determine the quality of cement bonds. In contrast, current methods and techniques do not identify resonance modes.

[0061] The preceding description provides several examples of the systems and methods of use disclosed in this document that may contain different method steps and alternative combinations of components. It should be understood that, although individual examples may be discussed in this document, the present disclosure covers all combinations of the disclosed examples including, without limitation, the different combinations of components, combinations of method steps, and system properties. It should be understood that compositions and methods are described in terms of “comprising,” “containing,” or “including” various components or steps; compositions and methods may also “essentially consist of” or “consist” of the various components and steps. Furthermore, the indefinite articles “a” or “an,” as used in the claims, are defined in this document to mean one or more of the elements they introduce.The systems and methods may comprise any of the various resources disclosed in this document, including one or more of the following modalities.

[0062] Modality 1. A method comprising: transmitting an acoustic signal in at least part of a conduit column, measuring a return signal from at least part of the conduit column, calculating one or more amplitudes of a resonance signal from the return signal, and forming a depth resonance amplitude profile of the resonance signal with at least one of the one or more amplitudes of the resonance signal.

[0063] Mode 2. The method of mode 1, which further comprises decomposing the return signal to form a decomposed waveform, forming the resonance signal by implementing a filter with at least the decomposed waveform, and determining a resonance mode of the return signal.

[0064] Mode 3. The method of mode 2, where the filter is a bandpass filter and the bandpass filter is formed by at least one resonance mode of the return signal.

[0065] Mode 4. The method of modes 1 or 2, also including the subtraction of a baseline signal from the waveform. Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, p. 37 / 53 28 / 31 decomposed.

[0066] Mode 5. The method of mode 4, where the baseline signal is a fully bound return signal or a free tube return signal.

[0067] Modality 6. The method of any of the previous modalities 1, 2 or 4, in which the decomposition is based at least on the resonance mode.

[0068] Modality 7. The method of any of the preceding modalities 1, 2, 4 or 6, which additionally comprises the formation of at least one time-frequency window and the execution of wavelet analysis on the decomposed waveform.

[0069] Mode 8. The method of modes 1 or 2, which additionally comprises the formation of at least one time-frequency window and the performance of wavelet analysis on the decomposed waveform.

[0070] Mode 9. The method of any of the previous modes 1, 2 or 8, which additionally comprises the formation of a time segment from late arrivals, the late arrivals comprising only resonance signals.

[0071] Mode 10. The method of any of the previous modes 1, 2, 8 or 9, where one or more amplitudes are calculated by the square root of the average amplitude, by the peak-to-peak amplitude or by the wavelet convolution or by the Hilbert transform.

[0072] Modality 11. The method of any of the preceding embodiments 1, 2 or 8-10, which additionally comprises the determination of a cutoff time by at least one return waveform length, pipe and casing diameters, degree of eccentricity or transmitter-receiver (TR) displacement.

[0073] Mode 12. The method of mode 11, which additionally comprises collecting a portion of the return signal after a cutoff time.

[0074] Modality 13. The method of any of the preceding modalities 1, 2, 8-10 or 11, which additionally comprises the formation of a cement adhesion quality with at least the amplitude profile of Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, p. 38 / 53 29 / 31 depth resonance.

[0075] Modality 14. A system comprising: a transmitter configured to transmit an acoustic signal to at least part of a conduit column, a receiver configured to measure a return signal from at least part of the conduit column, an information processing system configured to: calculate one or more amplitudes of a resonance signal from the return signal and form a depth resonance amplitude profile of the resonance signal with at least one of the one or more amplitudes of the resonance signal.

[0076] Mode 15. The system of mode 14, in which the information processing system is additionally configured to decompose the return signal and form the resonance signal by implementing a filter with at least one decomposed waveform.

[0077] Mode 16. The system of modes 14 or 15, in which the information processing system is configured to receive a portion of the return signal after a cutoff time.

[0078] Mode 17. The system of any of the previous modes 14-16, in which the information processing system is further configured to subtract a baseline signal from the decomposed waveform.

[0079] Mode 18. A non-transient, computer-readable storage medium that stores one or more instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to: obtain a return signal from a receiver configured to measure the return signal from at least part of a conduit column, calculate one or more amplitudes of a resonance signal from the return signal, and form a depth resonance amplitude profile of the resonance signal with at least one of the one or more amplitudes of the resonance signal.

[0080] Mode 19. The non-transient, computer-readable storage medium of mode 18, in which one or more instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to take a portion of the return signal after a cutoff time.

[0081] Mode 20. The storage medium is not Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, pp. 39 / 53 30 / 31 computer-readable transient of modes 18 or 19, wherein one or more instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to form a decomposed waveform from the return signal and subtract a baseline signal from the decomposed waveform.

[0082] For the sake of brevity, only certain ranges are explicitly disclosed in this document. However, ranges of any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to recite a range not explicitly recited, just as ranges of any lower limit may be combined with any other lower limit to recite a range not explicitly recited, similarly, ranges of any upper limit may be combined with any other upper limit to recite a range not explicitly recited. Additionally, whenever a numerical range with a lower limit and an upper limit is disclosed, any number and any included range falling within the range are specifically disclosed.In particular, each range of values ​​(of the form, “from approximately aa to approximately b” or, equivalently, “from approximately aab”, or, equivalently, “from approximately ab”) disclosed in this document will be understood as establishing each number and range encompassed within the broader range of values, even if not explicitly recited. Thus, each individual point or value can serve as its own lower or upper limit combined with any other individual point or value or any other lower or upper limit, to recite a range not explicitly recited.

[0083] Therefore, the present examples are well adapted to achieve the aforementioned purposes and advantages, as well as those inherent therein. The particular examples disclosed above are merely illustrative and may be modified and practiced in different, but equivalent, ways apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings in this document. Although individual examples are discussed, the disclosure covers all combinations of all examples. Furthermore, no limitation is intended on the details of construction or design shown in this document, except as described in the claims below. Moreover, the terms in the claims have their simple common meaning unless explicitly and clearly defined by the patent holder. Therefore, it is evident that Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, pages 40 / 53 31 / 31 The particular illustrative examples disclosed above may be altered or modified, and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of these examples. If there is any conflict in the uses of a word or term in this descriptive report and one or more patent(s) or other documents that may be incorporated herein by reference, the definitions that are consistent with this descriptive report shall be adopted. Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, pages 41 / 53

Claims

1 / 4 CLAIMS 1. A method, characterized in that it comprises: transmitting an acoustic signal in at least part of a conduit column; measuring a return signal from at least part of the conduit column, wherein the return signal comprises a resonance signal and a non-resonance signal; removing the non-resonance signal from the return signal based on a cutoff time, one or more signal processing methods, or both; identifying, based on the return signal, a resonance mode associated with the return signal, the resonance mode being a cement-sensitive resonance mode determined from modal analysis, a pre-calculated library, or both; extracting, by means of a filter, the resonance signal from the return signal to create a filtered waveform in the time domain;and form, based on the filtered waveform in the time domain, a depth resonance amplitude profile of the resonance signal with at least one or more amplitudes of the resonance signal.

2. Method, according to claim 1, characterized in that extracting the resonance signal comprises decomposing the return signal to form a decomposed waveform and forming the resonance signal by implementing the filter with at least the decomposed waveform.

3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter is a band-pass filter and the band-pass filter is formed from at least the resonance mode associated with the return signal.

4. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises subtracting a baseline signal from the decomposed waveform.

5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the baseline signal is either a fully bounded return signal or a free-tube return signal.

6. Method, according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the decomposition is based, at least, on the resonance mode.

7. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises forming at least one time-frequency window and performing a wavelet analysis on the decomposed waveform.

8. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises forming a time segment from the initial temporal arrivals, wherein the initial temporal arrivals comprise resonance signals and non-resonance signals.

9. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises forming a time segment from late arrivals, wherein the late arrivals comprise only resonance signals.

10. Method, according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more amplitudes are calculated by means of mean squared amplitude, peak-to-peak amplitude, or from wavelet convolution or Hilbert transform.

11. Method, according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises determining a cutoff time by at least one return waveform length, pipe and casing diameters, degree of eccentricity or transmitter-receiver (TR) displacement.

12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that it further comprises collecting a portion of the return signal after a cutoff time.

13. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises forming a cement adhesion quality with at least the depth resonance amplitude profile.

14. System, characterized by the fact that it comprises: a transmitter configured to transmit an acoustic signal in at least part of a conduit column; a receiver configured to measure a return signal from at least part of the conduit column, wherein the return signal comprises a resonance signal and a non-resonance signal; an information processing system configured to: Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page.43 / 53 3 / 4 remove the non-resonant signal from the return signal based on a cutoff time, one or more signal processing methods, or both; identify, based on the return signal, a resonance mode associated with the return signal, the resonance mode being a cement-sensitive mode determined from modal analysis, a pre-calculated library, or both; extract, by means of a filter, the resonance signal from the return signal to create a filtered waveform in the time domain; and form, based on the filtered waveform in the time domain, a depth resonance amplitude profile of the resonance signal with at least one of the one or more amplitudes of the resonance signal.

15. System, according to claim 14, characterized in that the information handling system is additionally configured to extract the resonance signal by decomposing the return signal and form the resonance signal by implementing the filter with at least one decomposed waveform.

16. System according to claim 14, characterized in that the information handling system is additionally configured to collect a portion of the return signal after a cutoff time.

17. System according to claim 14, characterized in that the information handling system is additionally configured to subtract a baseline signal from the decomposed waveform.

18. Non-transient, computer-readable storage medium characterized in that it stores one or more instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to: obtain a return signal from a receiver configured to measure the return signal from at least part of a conduit column, wherein the return signal comprises a resonance signal and a non-resonance signal; remove the non-resonance signal from the return signal based on Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, page 1.44 / 53 4 / 4 at a cutoff time, one or more signal processing methods, or both; identify, based on the return signal, a resonance mode associated with the return signal, the resonance mode being a cement-sensitive resonance mode determined from modal analysis, a pre-calculated library, or both; extract, via a filter, the resonance signal from the return signal to create a filtered waveform in the time domain; and form, based on the filtered waveform in the time domain, a depth resonance amplitude profile of the resonance signal with at least one of the one or more amplitudes of the resonance signal.

19. A computer-readable non-transient storage medium according to claim 18, characterized in that one or more instructions, when executed by the processor, additionally cause the processor to remove non-resonance after a cutoff time.

20. A computer-readable non-transient storage medium according to claim 18, characterized in that one or more instructions, when executed by the processor, additionally cause the processor to form a decomposed waveform from the return signal and subtract a baseline signal from the decomposed waveform. Petition 870260042548, dated 06 / 05 / 2026, pp. 45 / 53

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