Soap Bar Composition, Process for Preparing a Soap Composition and Uses

Description

1 / 41 “SOAP BAR COMPOSITION, PROCESS FOR PREPARING A SOAP COMPOSITION AND USES” Field of Invention

[001] The present invention relates to cosmetic compositions intended to improve the appearance and health of the skin. The present invention relates to the field of soap compositions that provide an even tone, radiance, clarity and barrier benefits to the skin. More particularly, it relates to such compositions with complex carbohydrates composed of starch and PPAR activator. Background of the Invention

[002] The skin is subject to deterioration due to dermatological disorders, environmental abuses (wind, air conditioning, central heating) or the normal aging process (chronoaging) which can be accelerated by sun exposure (photoaging). In recent years, the demand for cosmetic compositions and cosmetic methods to improve the appearance and condition of the skin has grown enormously.

[003] Many people are concerned about the quality and appearance of their skin and want to work on it. Dermatologists are also committed to ensuring that cleansing products support the skin and help improve skin quality. Essentially, cleansing products should care for the skin and add back to the skin.

[004] Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (abbreviated here to PPAR) are transcription factors that control lipid metabolism. There are three isotypes: PPARα, PPARβ / δ, and PPARγ, all located in the skin, according to Riviers et al., in J. Invest. Dermatol. 111, 1116-1121 (1998). A variety of specific fatty acids activate these factors, resulting in anti-inflammatory action to reduce skin irritation responses, and pro-differentiation / anti-proliferation responses to normalize Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, page 55 / 107 2 / 41 skin metabolism and provide additional benefits for skin care. In document no. US-A-5981586, Pershadsingh teaches that PPAR ligands can reduce proliferation and inflammation in the skin. In application no. PCT WO-A98 / 32444, Elias et al. teaches that PPAR ligands can restore / prevent skin barrier dysfunction. In document no. EP-A-888773, Malnoe et al. describes the use of PPAR-activating lipid petroselinic acid in the treatment and prevention of inflammation in superficial tissues. Furthermore, in application no. PCT WO-A-99 / 47110, Alaluf et al. teaches the use of petroselinic acid or its glycerides to reduce skin irritation in a skin treatment intended simultaneously to combat aging and wrinkles, and also to provide skin-brightening properties. In document number EP-A-709084, Laugier et al. describe the use of coriander oil, rich in petroleselinic acid, in a cosmetic skin composition for moisturizing dry skin.In document no. US-A-5260053, Chappell et al. describe deodorant formulations that contain, among other things, coriander oil, to reduce odors by reducing the population of micrococci and diphtheroids and to mask any remaining androsterone compounds.

[005] Document no. WO 2018113636 (Unilever) discloses a combination of modified GSH block amino acid mixture, comprising cystine, glutamate and glycine, with a PPAR-activating fatty acid that achieves a synergistic increase in skin lightening, thereby neutralizing the disadvantage of cystine's low solubility.

[006] Document no. WO 2001008653 (Unilever) discloses a topical composition that includes: (a) a first lipid selected from petroleselinic acid and / or docosahexaenoic acid and / or their derivatives; (b) a second lipid that is an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors subtype alpha and / or their derivatives and / or mixtures thereof; and (c) a dermatologically acceptable vehicle; with the caveat that the first and the Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 56 / 107 3 / 41 Second lipids are not the same lipid. The compositions are useful as cosmetic creams and lotions for anti-aging skin care.

[007] Document no. WO 12110276 (Unilever) discloses continuous skin conditioning compositions with non-solid, no-rinse oil comprising 12-hydroxystearic acid. The compositions contain 12HSA but have relatively low viscosity, so they are suitable for spreading on the skin and are stable in storage and structurally reversible through temperature cycling.

[008] Document No. CN 106675895A refers to the field of everyday chemical products and, in particular, to low-irritation hygiene soap and its method of preparation. The soap comprises raw materials in the following mass percentages: 8 percent - 12 percent olive oil, 5 percent - 8 percent oleic acid, 4 percent - 6 percent linoleic acid, 1.5 percent - 2.5 percent sodium hydroxide, 2 percent - 4 percent potassium carbonate, 10 percent - 15 percent lecithin, 4 percent - 6 percent sorbitan fatty acid ester, 2 percent - 3 percent abietic acid, 3 percent - 5 percent propolis, 0.2 percent - 0.4 percent sodium bicarbonate, 2 percent - 4 percent starch, 0.2 percent - 0.4 percent sodium acetate, 0.3 percent - 0.5 percent fragrance, and 40 percent - 50 percent water.According to the soap disclosed by the invention, the pH value is around 7.2-7.6, the skin irritation caused by the strong alkalinity of traditional soap is avoided, and in addition, the added propolis and starch are not only beneficial for sterilizing and nourishing the skin, but also facilitate the formation of the soap.

[009] Hydroxystearic acid has been known for some time in the cosmetic industry. While complex carbohydrates, such as starch, have been used in bar soap as part of the structural system and have not been reported for any specific benefit, but mainly as a filler. Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 57 / 107 4 / 41

[010] Most people consider the health and appearance of their skin as one of the main indicators of their own beauty and health. This is affected by factors such as age, hormonal changes, the occurrence of acne, and exposure to sunlight and pollution.

[011] Therefore, there is always a need for a composition that works to improve the appearance of the skin, and it is a highly desired consumer demand to include beneficial skin agents in consumables that are already part of the daily cleansing routine and do not require any extra steps to care for the skin.

[012] Therefore, a soap composition that meets the timeless demand for skin improvement is a current need that is accessible and works with the skin, so as to enhance it with continued use. Brief Description of the Invention

[013] The first aspect of the present invention provides a soap composition comprising: i. 20 to 80% by weight of total fat; ii. 0.1 to 5% by weight of electrolyte; iii. 0.001% by weight to 5% by weight of PPAR activator; iv. 1 to 45% by weight of complex carbohydrates comprising starch; and v. 10 to 50% by weight of water.

[014] The second aspect of the present invention provides a process for preparing a soap composition of the first aspect, comprising: i. to saponify a fatty substance with an alkali to produce a saponified mass; ii. add 1 to 45% by weight of complex carbohydrate which Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 58 / 107 5 / 41 comprises starch or modified complex carbohydrate comprising starch by weight of the soap bar composition and water to obtain a soap mass; and iii. extruding the soap mass resulting from step (b) to obtain the soap bar according to the first aspect, wherein 0.01 to 5% by weight of the PPAR activator by weight of the soap bar composition is added in step (i) or (ii).

[015] The third aspect of the present invention provides the use of a PPAR activator and a complex carbohydrate composed of starch in the soap composition according to the first aspect, to provide shine to the skin compared with a soap bar composition without a PPAR activator and a complex carbohydrate composed of starch.

[016] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides the use of a PPAR activator and a complex carbohydrate composed of starch in the soap composition according to the first aspect, to provide an even skin tone compared to a soap bar composition without a PPAR activator and a complex carbohydrate composed of starch.

[017] The fifth aspect of the present invention provides the use of a PPAR activator and a complex carbohydrate comprising starch in the soap composition according to the first aspect, to provide skin clarity compared to a soap bar composition without a PPAR activator and a complex carbohydrate composed of starch.

[018] The sixth aspect of the present invention provides the use of a PPAR activator and a complex carbohydrate comprising starch in the soap composition according to the first aspect, for fading skin stains compared with a soap bar composition without a PPAR activator and a complex carbohydrate comprising starch.

[019] As used in this document, the term “that Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 59 / 107 6 / 41 includes the terms "consisting essentially of" and "consists of". When the term "including" is used, the steps or options listed need not be exhaustive. Unless otherwise specified, numerical ranges expressed in the format xay are understood to include x and y. When specifying any range of values ​​or quantities, any particular higher value or quantity may be associated with any particular lower value or quantity. Except in comparative examples and experiments, or where explicitly indicated otherwise, all numbers should be understood as modified by the word "about". All percentages and ratios contained herein are calculated by weight unless otherwise indicated.The various features of the present invention indicated in the individual sections apply, as appropriate, to other sections after due modifications. Consequently, features specified in one section may be combined with features specified in other sections, as appropriate. Any section heading is added for convenience only and is not intended to limit disclosure in any way. The invention is not limited to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings. Consequently, it should be understood that when features mentioned in the claims are followed by reference numerals, such numerals are included only for the purpose of enhancing the intelligibility of the claims and are in no way limiting to the scope of the claims.

[020] Throughout the descriptive report, unless otherwise specified, % by weight means % by weight of the total weight of the soap composition of the present invention.

[021] Several components of the composition are described in greater detail below. Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 60 / 107 7 / 41 Detailed Description of the Invention

[022] These and other aspects, features and advantages will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from a reading of the following detailed description and the appended claims. For the avoidance of doubt, any feature of one aspect of the present invention can be applied to any other aspect of the invention. The expression “comprising” is intended to mean “including,” but not necessarily “consisting of” or “composed of.” In other words, the steps or options listed need not be exhaustive. It is noted that the examples given in the description below are intended to clarify the invention and are not intended to limit the invention to those examples themselves. Similarly, all percentages are weight / weight percentages unless otherwise indicated.Except in comparative and operational examples, or where explicitly indicated otherwise, all numbers in this description and claims that indicate quantities of material or reaction conditions, physical properties and / or use of materials should be understood as modified by the word “about”. Numerical ranges expressed in the format “of xay” are understood as including x and y. When, for a specific characteristic, multiple preferred ranges are described in the format of xay, it is understood that all ranges combining different endpoints are also contemplated.

[023] Throughout the descriptive report, unless otherwise specified, % by weight means % by weight of the total weight of the soap composition of the present invention.

[024] Several components of the composition are described in greater detail below.

[025] The present invention provides a soap bar composition comprising 20 to 80% by weight of total fat, 0.1 to 5% by weight of electrolyte, 0.001% by weight to 5% by weight of PPAR activator, 1 to 45 Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 61 / 107 8 to 41% by weight of complex carbohydrate comprising starch; and 10 to 50% by weight of water.

[026] PPAR activators have been known for some time in the cosmetic industry. While the complex carbohydrate composed of starch has been used in soap bars as part of the structuring system and has not been reported for any specific benefit, but mainly as a filler.

[027] The present inventors have surprisingly come across a composition that, when worked within a certain weight percentage range of ingredients, results in beneficial skin properties. The level of effectiveness (measured by relevant methodologies) obtained with the combination of these ingredients in skin benefits is greater than any of them individually, and in fact, the complex carbohydrate composed of starch is not even known for such benefits. The results of the composition of the present invention showed synergistic beneficial results when the combination of the PPAR activator and a complex carbohydrate composed of starch was evaluated for skin benefits such as radiance, skin clarity, and even skin tone. The compositions of the present invention were also considered smooth, gentle, smooth, and soft, as perceived by a large number of consumers during testing.It is also a beneficial aspect of the present invention that a soap, which is part of everyone's basic daily hygiene routine, is capable of performing these functions in order to improve skin tone, skin clarity, fading, and skin radiance. It was a highly surprising discovery by the inventors of the present invention that, without any specific compositions such as serums, creams, etc., the composition that is part of each person's daily routine is capable of targeting and resolving these skin problems. Therefore, the inventors were able to obtain a formulation that could address many skin problems at once, without requiring extra effort to do so. Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 62 / 107 9 / 41 Soap

[028] The present invention relates to a soap composition. By soap composition is meant a cleansing composition comprising soap in the form of a shaped solid. Preferably, the composition is shaped into noodles or bars. More preferably, the composition of the invention is in the form of a bar. The bars, in turn, may have a variety of shapes including rectangular, square or oval cross-section. The composition of the present invention is in the form of a shaped solid, for example a bar. The cleansing soap composition is generally a rinse-off product that has sufficient quantities of surfactants included therein that is used to cleanse the desired topical surface, for example, the whole body, hair and scalp or face. It is applied to the topical surface and left there for only a few seconds or minutes and rinsed thereafter with abundant amounts of water.

[029] The present invention provides a soap composition comprising: 20 to 80% by weight of total fat, 0.1 to 5% by weight of electrolyte, 0.001% by weight to 5% by weight of PPAR activator, 1 to 45% by weight of complex carbohydrate comprising starch; and 10 to 50% by weight of water.

[030] The soap composition of the invention is especially useful for personal cleansing. The soap composition is preferably soap noodles or a bar of soap. The soap composition of the present invention preferably comprises 18 to 80% of the total amount of TFM from the soap, preferably 20 to 75%, and more preferably 20 to 65% by weight of TFM from the soap. The term soap means fatty acid salt. Preferably, the soap is soap of C8 to C24 fatty acids.

[031] The cation can be an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 63 / 107 10 / 41 or ammonium ion, preferably alkali metals. Preferably, the cation is selected from sodium or potassium, more preferably sodium. The soap may be saturated or unsaturated. Saturated soaps are preferred over unsaturated soaps for stability. The oil or fatty acids may be of vegetable or animal origin.

[032] The composition of soap can be obtained by saponification of oils, fats or fatty acids. The fats or oils generally used to produce soap bars can be selected from tallow, stearins from tallow, palm oil, palm stearins, soybean oil, fish oil, castor oil, rice bran oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, babassu oil and palm kernel oil. The fatty acids can be from coconut, rice bran, peanut, tallow, palm, palm kernel, cottonseed or soybean.

[033] Fatty acid soaps can also be synthetically prepared (for example, by oxidation of petroleum or by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide by the Fischer-Tropsch process). Resin acids, such as those present in liquid resin, can also be used. Naphthenic acids can also be used.

[034] The soap composition may further comprise synthetic surfactants selected from one or more of the class of anionic, nonionic, cationic or zwitterionic surfactants, preferably anionic surfactants. These synthetic surfactants, in accordance with the present invention, are included in less than 8%, preferably less than 4%, more preferably less than 1.5% and sometimes absent from the composition.

[035] The chain length of soaps depends on the raw material of fat or oil, which is usually a mixture. For the purposes of this descriptive report, oil and fat are used in such a way Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 64 / 107 11 / 41 interchangeable, except where the context demands otherwise. Longer chain fatty acid soaps (e.g., C16 palmitic or cis stearic) are typically obtained from tallow and palm oils, and shorter chain soaps (e.g., C12 lauric) can typically be obtained from, for example, coconut or palm kernel oil. The fatty acid soaps produced can also be saturated or unsaturated (e.g., oleic acid).

[036] Typically, longer-chain fatty acid soaps (e.g., Cu to C22 soaps), especially longer-chain, saturated soaps, are insoluble and do not produce sufficient lather in use, but they can produce a creamier and more stable lather. On the other hand, shorter-chain soaps (e.g., Cs to C12) and unsaturated soaps (e.g., oleic or linoleic acid soaps) lather quickly. However, longer-chain soaps (typically saturated, although they may also contain some level of unsaturated fat such as oleic acid) are desirable for maintaining structure and not dissolving as quickly. Unsaturated soaps (e.g., oleic acid) are soluble and lather quickly, like short-chain soaps, but form a denser, creamier lather, like longer-chain soaps.

[037] Iodine value is an indicator of unsaturation, and there are well-known methods for measuring iodine value. One method is gas chromatography. In this method, methyl esters of fatty acids are formed and analyzed by chromatographic technique. Additionally, there are wet chemical methods of analysis. It is possible to measure the iodine value of a fat mixture before saponification. Additionally, it is possible to determine the iodine value of a soap (saponified oil or fatty acids) present in a finished product such as a soap bar or soap noodles.

[038] It is preferable that the soap composition have a pH in the range of 8 to 13, when measured in an 8% solution with distilled water at 25 °C. Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 65 / 107 12 / 41 PPAR activator

[039] Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (abbreviated here to PPAR) are transcription factors that control lipid metabolism. There are three isotypes: PPARα, PPARβ / δ and PPARγ, all located in the skin.

[040] It is more preferable that PPAR activators be PPAR fatty acids, such as cis-parinaric acid, cis-9-trans11 conjugated linoleic acid, columbinic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentanoic acid, hexadecatrienoic acid, linolenellaidic acid (isomer of linolenic acid), petroleselinic acid, pinolenic acid, pinolenic acid, punicic acid, ricinoleic acid, ricinolaidic acid (isomer of ricinoleic acid), stearidonic acid, trans-10-cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid, 7-trans octadecanoic acid, vaccenic acid and the like.

[041] Potential sources of hydrolyzable PPAR precursors include triglycerides, such as coriander seed oil for petroleselinic acid, impatiens balsimina seed oil, parinarium laurinarium seed fat or sabastiana brasilinensis seed oil for cisparinaric acid, dehydrated castor oil for conjugated linoleic acids and aquilegia vulgaris oil for columbinic acid.

[042] Preferably, the PPAR acid contains 16 or 18 carbon atoms. Most preferred PPAR acids are olefinically unsaturated and, especially preferably, comprise mono-, di- or triunsaturation. Many more desirable PPAR activating acids are not only unsaturated but are also C16 or C18 acids. An alternative PPAR acid (xvii) comprises 12-hydroxystearic acid, sometimes abbreviated to 12HSA, which is effective for the present purpose at a concentration lower than that required to form a gelled formulation.

[043] The proportion of PPAR ligands of fatty acids in Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 66 / 107 13 / 41 invention is at least the minimum ratio that demonstrates a reduction in irritation and / or improvement in skin condition, compared to the same composition in the absence of the PPAR binder. As would be expected, this minimum ratio will not only vary from compound to compound, but will also depend on whether the acid is used in free form or introduced through its precursor. The minimum ratio can be determined by a patch test method described later.

[044] Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are a known family of nuclear hormone receptors with three subtypes, α, β, γ, with variable tissue distribution. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors subtype α (hereinafter referred to as PPAR α) are present in the skin. The preferred PPAR activator for the composition of the present invention is lipid activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors of subtype α.

[045] The term peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator of subtype α or α PPAR activator in the present application means a lipid that activates the nuclear receptor PPAR α.

[046] Examples of lipid α PPAR activators that satisfy the reporter gene assay test (Kliewer et al. (1992) Nature, 358, 771-774) include C10-C18 saturated fatty acids that are preferentially branched, or preferentially derivatized (e.g., with hydroxyl groups) if linear chain, C10-C20 monounsaturated fatty acids and C10-C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

[047] Fatty acids can be linear or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated, and can be substituted, for example, hydroxylated, as alpha-hydroxy or beta-hydroxy derivatives. The corresponding alcohols, triglycerides and phospholipids of any of these acids are also suitable for use in the present invention. Preferred derivatives include Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 67 / 107 14 / 41 the derivatives of the substitution of the carboxyl group of the acid, such as esters (e.g., triglyceride esters, monoglyceride esters, diglyceride esters, phosphoesters), amides (e.g., ceramide derivatives), salts (e.g., alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts, ammonium salts). In the case of triglyceride ester derivatives, all positional isomers in the glycerol structure are included.

[048] Oils rich in fatty acid triglycerides are also suitable for use in the present invention. These oils are commercially available and include coriander seed oil (rich in petroleselinic acid), parsley seed oil (rich in petroleselinic acid), evening primrose oil (rich in gamma-linolenic acid), borage seed oil (rich in gamma-linolenic acid), shea butter (rich in oleic and linoleic acid), fish oils and their concentrates (rich in DHA and EPA), crambe oil (rich in erucic acid), linseed oil (rich in alpha-linolenic acid), almond oil (rich in oleic acid) and cottonseed oil (rich in linoleic acid).

[049] Preferred PPAR α activators according to the invention are 10-hydroxystearic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, cis-pariaric acid, trans-7-octadecenoic acid, cis-5,8,11,14,17 eicosapentanoic acid, cis-4,7,10,13,16,19 docosahexenoic acid, conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11), columbinic acid, linolenellaidic acid, ricinolaidic acid, stearidonic acid, 2-hydroxystearic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid, conjugated linoleic acid (t10,c12), conjugated linoleic acid (t9,t11), conjugated linoleic acid (50:50 mixture of c9, t11 and t10 d2), coriander acids, linolelaidic acid, monopetroselinic acid, petroselinic acid, ricinoleic acid, stearolic acid, thuja extract and trans-vaccenic acid.

[050] Other suitable preferred PPAR α activators include cis-11,14,17 eicosatrienoic acid, cis-5 eicosatrienoic acid Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 68 / 107 15 / 41 cis-8,11,14, hexadecatrienoic acid, palmitoleic acid, petroselaidic acid, trans-trans farnesol, cis-13,16 docosadienoic acid, cis-vaccenic acid, cis-11 eicosenoic acid, cis-13,16,19 docosatrienoic acid, cis-13octadecenoic acid, cis-15-octadecanoic acid, cis-7,10,13,16 docosatetraenoic acid, elaidic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, geranic acid, geranylgeranoic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, petroselinyl alcohol, phytanic acid, pinolenic acid, trans-13-octadecenoic acid, tridecylsalicylic acid (TDS).

[051] Another suitable category of PPAR α activators includes plant extracts, such as biochanin A (red clover phytoestrogen), chromolaena odorata extract, hydrolyzable saponifiable pomegranate extract, buglossoides (stearidonic plant extract) and zanthalene (Sichuan pepper extract).

[052] Lipids particularly preferred, due to their superior anti-aging effects when combined with petroleselinic acid and / or DHA (or derivatives) according to the present invention, are selected from the group comprising polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (for DHA, only when the first lipid of the inventive composition is PA or its derivatives), monounsaturated fatty acids, such as petroleselinic acid (only for PA, when the first lipid of the inventive composition is DHA or its derivatives), elaidic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid and dioic acids, such as hexadecanedioic acid.

[053] It should also be understood that the PPAR α activator present in the compositions according to the invention is ideally present in the active form; that is, it is not esterified. As such, although the sources Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 69 / 107 16 / 41 natural materials, such as oils, are mentioned above, the PPAR α activator used in compositions according to the invention is preferably not the crude and esterified form of the activator, but rather a raw material source that is rich in non-esterified PPAR α activator or in which the esterified form has been hydrolyzed to release the fatty acid.

[054] The present invention comprises the PPAR activator, more preferably the PPAR activator is the PPAR α activator. It is preferable that the PPAR activator be present in the composition of the present invention in the range of 0.001% by weight to 5% by weight, more preferably from 0.008% to 4.5% by weight and, most preferably, from 0.01% by weight to 4% by weight of the soap composition. Hydroxystearic acid

[055] The most preferred PPAR activator of the hydroxystearic acid of the predefined invention or its derivatives. Preferably, the soap composition of the present invention comprises hydroxystearic acid or its derivatives. Hydroxystearic acids are C18 chain fatty acids with one or more OH groups present along the hydrocarbon chain. Typically, 12-HAS and 10-HAS are well-known hydroxystearic acids. It is frequently used as an emollient in skin care products and is also a common ingredient in soaps due to its surfactant properties.

[056] The present invention comprises hydroxystearic acid, more preferably hydroxystearic acid is 12-hydroxystearic acid and 10-hydroxystearic acid and most preferably 12-hydroxystearic acid. It is preferable that the hydroxystearic acid is present in the soap composition of the present invention in the range of 0.001% by weight to 5% by weight, more preferably from 0.008% to 4.5% by weight and, most preferably, from 0.01% by weight to 4% by weight of the soap composition. Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 70 / 107 17 / 41 Complex Carbohydrate

[057] The soap composition of the present invention comprises a complex carbohydrate. There are two types of carbohydrates: simple and complex. Simple carbohydrates are made of one or two sugar molecules. Complex carbohydrates include starch and fiber. It is preferable that the complex carbohydrate be a polysaccharide and, more preferably, comprise starch. Polysaccharides, in turn, have a general formula of Cx(H2O)yondex and are generally large numbers between 200 and 2500. When the repeating units in the polymer chain are six-carbon monosaccharides, as is often the case, the general formula simplifies to (OθHiιοθ5)η, where typically 40 < n < 3000.

[058] It is preferable that the carbohydrate comprising starch in the soap composition range from 1 to 45% by weight, more preferably from 3 to 40% by weight and with the greatest preference from 5 to 35% by weight of the soap composition.

[059] Starch (a glucose polymer) is a polysaccharide preferentially used as a storage polysaccharide in plants, and is found in the form of branched amylose and amylopectin. In animals, the structurally similar glucose polymer is the more densely branched glycogen, sometimes called animal starch.

[060] It is preferable that the starch be at least 20% by weight of complex carbohydrate, preferably at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, more preferably at least 80%, even more preferably at least 85%, with maximum preference at least 90% by weight of complex carbohydrate. In a highly preferred aspect, the starch is at least 95% by weight of complex carbohydrates.

[061] In another aspect of the present invention, the complex carbohydrate is starch or modified starch. Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 71 / 107 18 / 41

[062] Suitable starch materials include natural starch (from corn, wheat, rice, potato, tapioca and the like), pregelatinized starch, various physically and chemically modified starches and mixtures thereof. The term natural starch means starch that has not been subjected to chemical or physical modification - also known as raw or native starch.

[063] A preferred starch is natural or native starch from corn, cassava, wheat, potato, rice, and other natural sources thereof. Raw starch with different proportions of amylose and amylopectin: for example, corn (25% amylose); waxy corn (0%); high-amylose corn (70%); potato (23%); rice (16%); sago (27%); cassava (18%); wheat (30%); pea (35% amylose) and others. Raw starch can be used directly or modified during the manufacturing process of the liquid personal cleansing composition, so that the starch becomes gelatinized. It is preferable that the starch is unmodified, partially or not gelatinized, or pre-gelatinized. It is more preferable to use non-gelatinized or pre-gelatinized starch. Furthermore, it is preferable to use native and unmodified starch.

[064] Another suitable starch is pre-gelatinized starch, which is starch that has been gelatinized before being added as an ingredient in current liquid personal cleansing compositions. Several forms are available that gel at different temperatures, for example, cold water dispersible starch.

[065] It is preferable that, when the particle size of the starch varies between 2-70 pm, more preferably 4-50 pm and preferably 5-40 pm, while the particle shapes can be smooth oval, oblate spheroid or polygonal and preferably smooth oval / spheroid. It is more preferably that native starch with a particle size in the range of 2-70 pm, more preferably 4-50 pm and more preferably 5-40 pm be used. Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 72 / 107 19 / 41 Electrolyte

[066] The inclusion of a small amount of an electrolyte (in addition to soap) can influence the ratio of the liquid phase to the solid phase. Increasing the electrolyte content reduces the solubility of soap, which in turn increases the amount of the solid phase; on the other hand, reducing the electrolyte levels makes the bars softer.

[067] Electrolytes conforming to this invention include compounds that dissociate substantially into ions in water. Electrolytes conforming to this invention are not an ionic surfactant. Suitable electrolytes for inclusion in the soap production process are alkali metal salts. Preferred alkali metal salts include sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium carbonate and other mono-, di- or trisalts of alkaline earth metals; more preferred electrolytes are sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, and especially preferred electrolytes are sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium citrate or a combination thereof. For the avoidance of doubt, it is clarified that the electrolyte is a non-soap material. It is preferable that the electrolyte be included in the soap composition during the saponification step to form the soap.

[068] It is preferable that the composition of the invention comprise 0.1 to 5% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3% by weight of electrolyte, and most preferably 0.7 to 2.5% by weight of the composition. Preferred electrolytes include sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium carbonate and other mono- or di- or tri-salts of alkaline earth metals; more preferred electrolytes are sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride; and especially preferred electrolytes are sodium chloride and sodium sulfate and combinations thereof. For the avoidance of doubt, it is clarified that the electrolyte is a non-soap material. Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 73 / 107 20 / 41

[069] It is more preferable that sodium sulfate and / or sodium chloride and / or sodium citrate or combinations thereof be used as electrolytes for the composition of the present invention.

[070] It is preferable that, when sodium sulfate is present, it is in the range of 0.1 to 5% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3% by weight of electrolyte, and most preferably 0.7 to 2.5% by weight of the composition. It is preferable that sodium sulfate be at least 0.1% by weight, more preferably at least 0.5% by weight, and most preferably at least 0.7% by weight, and it is preferable that it be no more than 5% by weight, more preferably no more than 3% by weight, even more preferably no more than 2.8% by weight, and most preferably no more than 2.5% by weight of the total weight of the composition of the present invention.

[071] It is preferable that, when sodium chloride is present, it is in the range of 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of the composition, more preferably 0.7 to 1.3% and most preferably 1.0 to 1.3% by weight. It is preferable that sodium chloride be at least 0.1% by weight, more preferably at least 0.5% by weight, and most preferably at least 0.7% by weight, and it is preferable that it be no more than 5% by weight, more preferably no more than 3% by weight, even more preferably no more than 2.8% by weight and most preferably no more than 2.5% by weight of the total weight of the composition of the present invention.

[072] It is preferable that, when sodium citrate is present, it is in the range of 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of the composition, more preferably 0.7 to 1.3% and most preferably 1.0 to 1.3% by weight. It is preferable that sodium citrate be at least 0.1% by weight, more preferably at least 0.5% by weight, and most preferably 1.0 to 1.3%. Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 74 / 107 21 / 41 less 0.7% by weight and preferably not more than 5% by weight, more preferably not more than 3% by weight, even more preferably not more than 2.8% by weight and most preferably not more than 2.5% by weight of the total weight of the composition of the present invention. Water Content - Moisture

[073] The soap compositions of the present invention have a moisture or water content of up to 50% by weight of the weight of the soap bar. The soap compositions of the present invention have 10 to 50% by weight of water, preferably 12 to 45% by weight, and more preferably 15 to 40% by weight of the soap composition. Organic and Inorganic Adjuvant Materials

[074] The total level of adjuvant materials used in the bar composition should not exceed 50%, preferably 1 to 50%, more preferably 3 to 45% by weight of the soap bar composition.

[075] The adjuvant system may optionally include insoluble particles comprising a material or a combination of materials. Insoluble particles are understood to be materials that are present in solid particulate form and suitable for personal hygiene. Preferably, there are mineral (e.g., inorganic) or organic particles.

[076] The insoluble particles must not be perceived as starchy or granular and thus must have a particle size smaller than 300 microns, more preferably smaller than 100 microns and most preferably smaller than 50 microns.

[077] Preferred inorganic particulate matter includes talc and calcium carbonate. Talc is a magnesium silicate mineral material, with a sheet silicate structure and a composition of Mg3Si4(OH)2 and Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 75 / 107 22 / 41 may be available in hydrated form. It has a plate-like morphology and is essentially oleophilic / hydrophobic, that is, it is moistened by oil rather than water.

[078] Calcium carbonate or chalk exists in three crystal forms: calcite, aragonite, and vaterite. The natural morphology of calcite is rhombohedral or cuboid, acicular or dendritic for aragonite, and spheroidal for vaterite.

[079] Examples of other optional insoluble inorganic particulate materials include aluminates, phosphates, insoluble sulfates, borates and clays (e.g., kaolin, kaolin) and combinations thereof.

[080] Organic particulate matter includes: insoluble polysaccharides, such as cellulose; synthetic polymers, such as various polymer meshes and suspension polymers; insoluble soaps and mixtures thereof.

[081] The bar compositions preferably comprise 0.1 to 25% by weight of bar composition, preferably 5 to 15% by weight of these mineral or organic particles.

[082] An opacifier may optionally be present in the personal care composition. When opacifiers are present, the cleansing bar is generally opaque. Examples of opacifiers include titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and the like. A particularly preferable opacifier that may be employed when an opaque soap composition is desired is ethylene glycol mono- or distearate, for example, in the form of a 20% solution and sodium lauryl ether sulfate. An alternative opacifying agent is zinc stearate.

[083] The product may take the form of a translucent or transparent soap, in which case it will not contain an opacifier.

[084] It is preferable that the soap composition of the present invention have a pH in the range of 9 to 13, when measured in a 4% solution with distilled water at 25 °C. Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 76 / 107 23 / 41

[085] A preferred bar may additionally include up to 30% by weight of beneficial agents. Preferred beneficial agents include moisturizers, emollients, sunscreens, skin-whitening agents, and anti-aging compounds. The agents may be added at an appropriate step during the process to manufacture the bars. Some beneficial agents may be introduced as macrodomains.

[086] Other optional ingredients such as antioxidants, perfumes, polymers, chelating agents, colorants, deodorants, dyes, emollients, moisturizers, enzymes, foam enhancers, germicides, additional antimicrobials, foaming agents, pearlescent agents, skin conditioners, stabilizers, superfatting agents, sunscreens may be added in suitable quantities in the process of the invention. Preferably, the ingredients are added after the saponification step. Sodium metabisulfite, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), borax or ethylene hydroxydiphosphonic acid (EHDP) are preferably added to the formulation.

[087] The composition of the invention can be used to deliver antimicrobial benefits. Antimicrobial agents that are preferably included to deliver these benefits include oligodynamic metals or compounds thereof. Preferred metals are silver, copper, zinc, gold, or aluminum. Silver is particularly preferred. In ionic form, it can exist as a salt or any compound in any applicable oxidation state. Preferred silver compounds are silver oxide, silver nitrate, silver acetate, silver sulfate, silver benzoate, silver salicylate, silver carbonate, silver citrate, and silver phosphate, with silver oxide, silver sulfate, and silver citrate being of particular interest in one or more embodiments. In at least one preferred embodiment, the silver compound is silver oxide. Oligodynamic metal or a Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 77 / 107 The compound is preferably included at 0.0001 to 2%, preferably 0.001 to 1% by weight of the composition. Alternatively, an antimicrobial essential oil active ingredient may be included in the composition of the invention. Preferred essential oil active ingredients that may be included are terpineol, thymol, carvacrol, (E)-2-(prop-1-enyl)phenol, 2-propylphenol, 4-pentylphenol, 4sec-butylphenol, 2-benzylphenol, eugenol, or combinations thereof. Additional preferred essential oil active ingredients are terpineol, thymol, carvacrol, or thymol, with maximum preference given to terpineol or thymol, and ideally a combination thereof. Essential oil active ingredients are preferably included at 0.001 to 1%, preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of the composition.

[088] The soap composition can be produced in a bar by a process that involves first saponifying the fat charge with alkali followed by extruding the mixture in a conventional cutter. The cut mass can then optionally be cut to a desired size and stamped with desired indices. A particularly important benefit of the present invention is that, regardless of the high water content of the soap bar, compositions thus prepared by extrusion are found to be easy to stamp with desired indices.

[089] The present invention also relates to a process for preparing the soap bar of the invention comprising the step of substantially including the entire structuring system in the soap when it is produced during the saponification step. Preferably, at least, the polymer is included during the saponification stage.

[090] The invention will now be illustrated by means of the following non-limiting examples. An expression called total fatty matter is widely used in the field of soaps and detergents. The abbreviated term for “TFM” is used to indicate the % by weight of fatty acid and residues of Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 78 / 107 25 / 41 triglycerides present in the composition of soap without taking into account the attached cations. For a soap that has 18 carbon atoms, an attached sodium cation will generally accumulate to about 8% by weight. Other cations may be employed as desired, for example, zinc, potassium, magnesium, alkyl ammonium, and aluminum.

[092] It is preferable that the composition of the invention comprises 18 to 75% by weight of TFM, more preferably 20 to 70% by weight of TFM and most preferably 20 to 65% by weight of the soap composition.

[093] The term soap means salts of fatty acids in which the attached cation may be an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium ion, preferably an alkali metal. Preferably, the cation is sodium or potassium. Soap may be saturated or unsaturated and this depends on the nature of the corresponding fatty acid and / or oil used for saponification. Form and Shape

[094] The soap composition of the invention could be in any physical form. Preferably, it is in the form of noodles, sheets, flakes, chips or powder, most preferably noodles.

[095] The term noodles is used to refer to generally cylindrical particles prepared by extrusion and cutting or breaking noodles that usually contain soap as a main ingredient.

[096] Soap-based noodles are commonly produced by mixing dried soap chips with colorants and other ingredients in smaller quantities, homogenizing them by working them in a mill or refiner, and then extruding them through a perforated plate with fine holes. They are usually extruded continuously and allowed to resist sufficiently to break into pieces 3 to 15 mm long. A series of rotating seals can be fitted to the face of the plate to automatically cut the extruded noodles into suitable lengths, but they tend to Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 79 / 107 26 / 41 cause a certain amount of clumping. The degree of clumping depends on the geometry of the cutting knives and holes and is also greatly affected by the plasticity and stickiness of the noodles themselves. Even when a rotating knife is not used, the quality of the noodles depends on the physical properties of the extruded soap. Ideally, the soap should be plastic enough to extrude satisfactorily through the holes in the perforated plate, but not so soft and sticky that they clump together after extrusion. They should also be rigid and brittle enough to be broken within the desired length range.

[097] Although soap noodles can be used for washing and cleaning purposes, practically such noodles are used as an input or raw material to produce bars or tablets of soap which are sold in stores and supermarkets and are used by consumers as a composition for personal washing.

[098] Therefore, according to another aspect of the invention, a bar of soap is disclosed which comprises a soap composition of the first aspect of the invention. The bar can be of any shape and size, but preferably it is rectangular with rounded edges and of a size that allows it to be held comfortably in one hand. Other Ingredients

[099] In addition to the saponified fatty matter and the polymeric gel, the soap composition of the invention, exemplary noodles, and in particular soap bars, preferably comprise one or more of the following other ingredients. The choice of ingredients and their quantities are largely dependent on the scientists who make the formulation and the purpose for which such noodles or bars are produced. Non-Soap Surfactant

[100] The composition of the invention preferably includes a non-soap surfactant, which acts as a co-surfactant and which is selected at Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 80 / 107 27 / 41 from anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric or cationic surfactant or a combination thereof. Preferably, the composition comprises 0.1 to 15% by weight of non-soap surfactant. More preferably, the composition comprises 2 to 10% by weight of non-soap surfactant and, most preferably, 3 to 6% by weight of the soap composition.

[101] Suitable anionic surfactants include water-soluble salts of organic sulfuric reaction products having in their molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and a radical chosen from sulfonic acid radicals or sulfuric acid esters and mixtures thereof.

[102] Examples of suitable anionic surfactants are sodium and potassium alcohol sulfates, especially those obtained by sulfation of higher alcohols produced by reduction of tallow or coconut oil glycerides; potassium and sodium alkyl benzene sulfonates such as those in which the alkyl group contains 9 to 15 carbon atoms; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfates, especially those ethers of higher alcohols derived from tallow and coconut oil; sodium coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates; sodium and potassium salts of sulfuric acid esters of the reaction product of one mole of a higher fatty acid alcohol and 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide; sodium and potassium salts of ethylene oxide phenol alkyl sulfate ether of ethylene oxide phenol alkyl with 1 to 8 ethylene oxide molecule units and wherein the alkyl radicals contain 4 to 14 carbon atoms;The product of the reaction of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide, wherein, for example, the fatty acids are derived from coconut oil and mixtures thereof.

[103] The preferred synthetic water-soluble anionic surfactants are alkali metals (such as sodium and potassium) and alkaline earth metal salts (such as calcium and magnesium) of sulfonates Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 81 / 107 28 / 41 benzene higher alkyls and mixtures with olefin sulfonates and higher alkyl sulfates and the monoglyceride sulfates of higher fatty acids.

[104] Suitable nonionic surfactants can be broadly described as compounds produced by the condensation of alkylene oxide groups, which are hydrophilic in nature, with a hydrophobic organic compound that may be aliphatic or alkyl aromatic in nature. The length of the hydrophilic or polyoxyalkylene radical that is condensed with any particular hydrophobic group can be readily adjusted to generate a water-soluble compound that has the desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements.

[105] Particular examples include the condensation product of aliphatic alcohols having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms in straight or branched chain configuration with ethylene oxide, such as ethylene oxide condensate of coconut oil having from 2 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of coconut alcohol; condensates of alkylphenols whose alkyl group contains from 6 to 12 carbon atoms with 5 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkylphenol; condensates of the reaction product of ethylenediamine and propylene oxide with ethylene oxide, the condensate containing from 40 to 80 percent of polyoxyethylene radicals by weight and having a molecular weight of 5,000 to 11,000; tertiary amine oxides with the structure R3NO, where one R group is an alkyl group of 8 to 18 carbon atoms and the others are each methyl, ethyl or hydroxyethyl groups, for example, dimethyldodecylamine oxide;tertiary phosphine oxides of structure R3PO, where one R group is an alkyl group of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and the others are each alkyl or hydroxyalkyl groups of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, for example, dimethyldodecylphosphine oxide; and dialkyl sulfoxides of structure R2SO where the R group is an alkyl group of 10 to 18 carbon atoms and the other is methyl or ethyl, for example, methyltetradecyl sulfoxide; fatty acid alkylamides; Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 82 / 107 29 / 41 alkylene oxide condensates of fatty acid alkylamides and alkyl mercaptans.

[106] Suitable cationic surfactants that can be incorporated are alkyl substituted quaternary ammonium halide salts, for example, bis(hydrogenated) tallow dimethylammonium chlorides, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, benzalkonium chlorides and dodecylmethylpolyoxyethylene ammonium chloride and amine and imidazoline salts, for example, primary, secondary and tertiary amine hydrochlorides and imidazoline hydrochlorides.

[107] Suitable amphoteric surfactants are derived from aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines containing an alkyl group of 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an aliphatic radical substituted by an anionic water solubilization group, for example, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropanesulfonate and sodium N-2-hydroxydodecyl-N-methyltaurate.

[108] Suitable zwitterionic surfactants are aliphatic quaternary ammonium derivatives, sulfonium and phosphonium compounds having an aliphatic radical of 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an aliphatic radical substituted by an anionic water solubilization group, for example, 3-(NN-dimethyl-Nhexadecylammonium)propane-1-sulfonate betaine, 3-(dodecylmethyl sulfonium)propane-1-sulfonate betaine and 3-(cetylmethylphosphonium)ethane sulfonate betaine.

[109] Additional examples of suitable detergent active compounds are compounds commonly used as surface active agents provided in the well-known books “Surface Active Agents”, Volume I by Schwartz, and Perry and “Surface Active Agents and Detergents”, Volume II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch. Opacifier

[110] An opacifier may optionally be present in the composition. When opacifiers are present, the cleaning bar is Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 83 / 107 30 / 41 generally opaque, that is, “opacification”. Examples of opacifiers include titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and the like. A particularly preferable opacifier that can be employed when an opaque, rather than transparent, soap composition is desired is ethylene glycol mono- or distearate, for example, in the form of a 20% solution in sodium lauryl ether sulfate. An alternative opacifying agent is zinc stearate. Benefit Agents

[111] Preferably, the soap composition of the invention comprises one or more previously undisclosed beneficial agents. Preferably, the beneficial agent is an emollient, sunscreen, anti-aging compound, or moisturizer and humectant. The agents may be added at an appropriate step during the process. Some beneficial agents may be introduced as macrodomains.

[112] Examples of moisturizers and humectants include cetyl alcohol, ethoxylated castor oil, paraffin oils, lanolin and its derivatives. Silicone compounds such as silicone surfactants like DC® 3225C (Dow Corning) and / or silicone emollients, silicone oil (DC-200® ex. Dow Corning) may also be included. Additionally, examples include glycerin, oat seed flour, petrolatum, aquaporin and hydroxyethyl urea.

[113] Sunscreens such as 4-tert-butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane (available under the trademark name PARSOL®1789 from Givaudan) or 2-ethylhexyl methoxy cinnamate (available under the trademark name PARSOL® MCX from Givaudan) or other UV-A and UV-B sunscreens may also be added. Additionally, examples include Helioplex® (Diethylhexyl naphthylate), Ensulizole®, Ethylhexyl salicylate, Tinosorb® (S & M), Octocrylene® and Mexoryl®.

[114] Lipids such as cholesterol, ceramides and pseudoceramides, and exfoliating particles such as polyethylene spheres, Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 84 / 107 31 / 41 Walnut shells, apricot seeds, flower petals and seeds may also be present.

[115] The composition may also optionally include other ingredients conventionally used in soap such as foam enhancers, colorants and opacifiers and skin tone agents such as hexyl resorcinol, soy extract (Bowman Birk inhibitor), octadecenedioic acid (Ariatone® DC), niacinamide, Seppiwhite®, acetylglucosamine, Pitera extract, Symwhite® and Melano-block® (calcium pantothenate). Additionally, the composition of the invention may comprise anti-aging ingredients such as retinol, hyaluronic acid, collagen, CoQ10 (ubiquinone), retinyl propionate, peptides, retinyl palmitate, jasmonic acid derivatives and Proxylane®.

[116] Other adjunct materials may include germicides and preservatives. These ingredients will normally be in amounts less than 2% by weight, generally less than 0.5% by weight and may include silver salt and silver compounds, thymol, terpineol and its analogues, ZPTO, chloroxylenol, PCMX, triclosan and trichlorocarbanilide.

[117] The soap composition may include structuring agents. These may include water-insoluble particulate matter. Structuring agents may support, individually or in combination, 0 to 25% by weight. Preferred inorganic particulate matter includes talc and calcium carbonate. Talc is a magnesium silicate mineral material, with a sheet-like silicate structure represented by the chemical formula Mg3Si4(O)io(OH)2 and may be available in hydrated form. Talc has a plate-like morphology and is substantially oleophilic / hydrophobic.

[118] Examples of other optional insoluble inorganic particulate materials include alum inates, zeolites, silicates, phosphates, insoluble sulfates, clays (e.g., kaolinite, kaolin), titanium oxide, oxide of Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 85 / 107 32 / 41 zinc and its combinations.

[119] The compositions of the invention may additionally comprise anti-cracking agents such as acrylate polymers.

[120] The term “slip modifier” is used in this document to designate materials which, when present at relatively low levels (generally less than 1.5% based on the total weight of the bar composition), will significantly reduce the perceived friction between the wet bar and the skin. Most suitable slip modifiers are useful, individually or in combination, at a level of 1% or less, preferably 0.05 to 1% and more preferably 0.05 to 0.5%.

[121] The composition of the present invention optionally comprises modified polyethylene glycol in the range of 0.01 to 0.08% as a slip modifier and / or for other sensory benefits. The composition of the present invention may also optionally comprise modified ethylene and acrylate copolymer in the range of 0.1 to 0.05% as a benefit agent.

[122] Suitable slip modifiers include petrolatum, waxes, lanolins, polyalkanes, polyalkenes, polyalkylene oxides, high molecular weight polyethylene oxide resins, silicones, polyethylene glycols and mixtures thereof.

[123] Free fatty acids (FFAs) up to 3% such as coconut fatty acid, PKO fatty acid, lauric acid are commonly used in soap bars for general quality and process enhancement. Free fatty acid greater than 3% could lead to a soft and sticky mass and could negatively impact one or more physical features. In at least one form, the FFA level in the compositions of the invention is 0.05 to 3%, preferably 0.1 to 2%, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5% by weight.

[124] A variety of testing methods were used to Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 86 / 107 33 / 41 determine properties of soap compositions.

[125] The test methods are a hardness test protocol, which uses a 30° conical probe that penetrates to a depth of 15 mm. Another test is the rate of wear (RoW), which relates to the amount of material lost by a bar soap product under controlled conditions. These usage conditions roughly mimic the way consumers use the product. An additional test is performed to check the extent of physical damage that may (or may not) result from the washing and drying sequence of the bar. Yet another test is to determine “pulp,” defined as the gelatinous, creamy material that forms when soap bars absorb water. The Pulp Immersion Test generates a numerical value of the amount of pulp formed on a bar.

[126] All the test methods mentioned above were described in document no. US20190016994 A1 (Unilever). Invention Process

[127] According to a second aspect, a process for preparing a soap composition according to the first aspect is revealed, wherein the process comprises the steps of: i) to saponify a fatty substance with an alkali to produce a saponified mass; ii) add 1 to 45% by weight of complex carbohydrate comprising starch or modified complex carbohydrate comprising starch by weight of the soap bar composition and water to obtain a soap mass; and iii) extrude the soap mass resulting from step (ii) to obtain the soap bar according to the first aspect, wherein 0.01 to 5% by weight of PPAR activator by weight of the soap bar composition is added in step (i) or (ii); and Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 87 / 107 34 / 41 wherein 0.1 to 5% by weight of an electrolyte by weight of the soap bar composition is added in step (i) or (ii).

[128] It is preferable that, in the process of the present invention, the electrolyte be selected from the group of sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride and mixtures thereof, and preferably be sodium sulfate and / or sodium chloride, and more preferably sodium sulfate.

[129] It is preferable that in the process of the present invention, the non-soap surfactant is added in step (i).

[130] It is preferable that, in the process of the present invention, the soap composition comprises 20 to 80% by weight of total fat and 10 to 50% by weight of moistening.

[131] It is preferable that, in the process of the present invention, sodium sulfate is in the range of 0.1 to 2% by weight of the total weight of the composition.

[132] It is preferable that, in the process of the present invention, the starch be native starch, pregelatinized starch, converted starch or a mixture thereof and, preferably, in the range of 1 to 45% by weight of the composition of the soap bar.

[133] It is preferable that, in the process of the present invention, the PPAR activator be selected from the group comprising 12-hydroxystearic acid, cis-pariaric acid, trans-7-octadecenoic acid, cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentanoic acid, cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexenoic acid, conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11), columbinic acid, linolenellaidic acid, ricinolaidic acid, stearidonic acid, 2-hydroxystearic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid, conjugated linoleic acid (t10,c12), conjugated linoleic acid (t9,t11), conjugated linoleic acid (50:50 mixture of c9, t11 and t10). c12), coriander acids, linolelaidic acid, monopetroselinic acid, petroselinic acid, ricinoleic acid, stearolic acid, Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 88 / 107 35 / 41 Thuja extract and transvaccenic acid or combinations thereof. The most preferred PPAR activator is 10-hydroxystearic acid or 12-hydroxystearic acid or a combination thereof.

[134] It is preferable that the electrolyte in step (i) be added in the range of 0.1 to 5% by weight of the total weight of the composition.

[135] The present invention provides the use of a PPAR activator, preferably hydroxystearic acid, and a complex carbohydrate composed of starch in soap bars with a moisture content in the range of 10 to 50% by weight, to achieve a hardness of at least 3 Kg-F measured at 42 °C.

[136] The soap bar composition according to the present invention can be produced on a commercial scale by any of the processes known to a person skilled in the art. The soap can be a cast soap bar or an extruded soap bar. Preferably, the soap bar composition of the present invention is prepared using the extrusion route.

[137] The specific process that can be employed with the use of the general process described above for the manufacture of soap composition.

[138] The present invention provides the use of a PPAR activator, preferably hydroxylated stearic acid, and a complex carbohydrate comprising starch in the soap composition according to the first aspect, to impart shine to the skin compared with a soap bar composition without a PPAR activator, preferably hydroxylated stearic acid, and a complex carbohydrate comprising starch, as measured by various comparative methodologies.

[139] The present invention provides the use of a PPAR activator, preferably hydroxystearic acid, and a complex carbohydrate comprising starch in the soap composition according to the first aspect, to provide a uniform skin tone compared to a Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 89 / 107 36 / 41 soap bar composition without PPAR activator and a complex carbohydrate comprising starch, as measured by various comparative methodologies.

[140] The present invention provides the use of a PPAR activator, preferably hydroxylated stearic acid, and a complex carbohydrate comprising starch in the soap composition according to the first aspect, to provide skin clarity and fading of blemishes compared with a soap bar composition without a PPAR activator and a complex carbohydrate comprising starch, as measured by various comparative methodologies.

[141] The present invention provides the use of a PPAR activator, preferably hydroxystearic acid, and a complex carbohydrate composed of starch in the soap composition according to the first aspect, for other health, aging, barrier and skin appearance benefits, measured by various methodologies compared with a soap bar composition without PPAR activator and a complex carbohydrate composed of starch. The invention will now be illustrated by means of the following non-limiting examples. Examples

[142] The soap compositions for the examples were prepared in accordance with the present invention.

[143] The soap manufacturing process begins primarily with the basic saponification step of the fat charge with an alkali to produce a soap mass. The process may or may not include other excipients and additives, such as, among others, electrolytes, polyols, etc. A required quantity of fatty acids and other raw materials was weighed and loaded into the mixer. An aqueous alkali solution was used for this neutralization reaction. The completion of the neutralization was verified through the test of Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 90 / 107 37 / 41 phenolphthalein indicator and, if necessary, additional alkali to be added to ensure completion of the neutralization reaction. Quality verification during the process must be carried out before the soap mass undergoes other processes, including, but not limited to, passing the soap mass through cooled rollers and then to the refiner to convert it into noodle form.

[144] In the final stage, the soap noodles are added to the mixer. They are crushed. The required amount of other formula additives, including but not limited to starch, 12HSA, etc., is added and mixing continues. The necessary colorants are dissolved in water before being added to the contents of the mixer. Fragrance is added at the end and mixing is continued to obtain a uniform macro mixture. The resulting formula mass is then discarded and transported to other mechanical processes, including but not limited to extrusion from a work post which is stamped into soap bars of desired shape, size and brand.

[145] The soap compositions (E1 and E2) were prepared according to the present invention with starch levels of 11% by weight and 17% by weight, respectively, of the bar soap composition of the present invention, were prepared using the formulation shown in Table 1 and formulation E3 was outside the scope of the present invention in which starch was absent. All bar soap compositions contained hydroxystearic acid.

[146] Compositions E1 to E3 were evaluated for clinical dermatological assessment, giving the average change in CFB- relative to baseline values ​​and also consumer tests based on a scale of 1 to 5 based on consumer perception. Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 91 / 107 38 / 41 Brightness & Radiance - Composite Brightness Scale

[147] Brightness & Radiance is assessed based on the method provided in (Kumari R et al. Int J Res Dermatol. 2022 Nov;8(6):593-600). A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted under the supervision of a dermatologist and assessed by a dermatologist. This included panelists with Fitzpatrick scale scores of 3 to 5 and dark spots at the dermatologist's discretion. Panel members were given a washout period to acclimate them, and the study duration extended from a minimum of 1 week to a maximum of 12 weeks. The dermatologists used in this study were trained and validated for assessment skills. The four visual skin attributes that primarily affect G&R assessment were identified as brightness, clarity, evenness of skin tone, and blemish reduction.

[148] Scale and calculations - The multiparametric composite G&R scale is based on the visual perception of brightness, clarity, skin tone uniformity, and blemish reduction. Each parameter is independently rated on a scale of (1-5) with a provision for an intermediate scoring system. The scale includes all skin colors and ethnicities. The sensitivity of the scale has been validated with various skin products on colored skin for visual representation of the scale on colored skin of the population).

[149] Skin tone irregularity - Subjects reported for evaluation were instructed to wash their face and forearm with water and acclimatized to the testing center. After acclimatization, individuals are evaluated by trained dermatologists using the Skin Tone Uniformity Scale, which is based on assessing the variation in skin color across the testing area. Skin tone uniformity is scaled between 1 and 5, where the lowest value indicates uneven skin tone and the highest value indicates even skin tone. Skin tone uniformity is the result of phenotypic changes that are mostly marginal and difficult to perceive and statistically increased Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 92 / 107 A significant score of 39 / 41 on skin tone evenness observed after using the product indicates a significant improvement in skin tone evenness.

[150] Skin Clarity - Subjects reported for evaluation were instructed to wash their face and forearm with water and acclimatized at the testing center. After acclimatization, individuals are evaluated by trained dermatologists using the Skin Clarity Scale, which is based on the assessment of reflectance / luminance. Skin clarity is scaled between 1 and 5, where the lowest value indicates non-clear skin and the highest value indicates clear skin. Skin clarity is the result of phenotypic changes that are mostly marginal and difficult to perceive. The statistically significant increase in skin clarity score observed after product use is an indication of improvement in skin clarity.

[151] Spot Fading - Subjects reported for evaluation were instructed to wash their face and forearm with water and acclimatized at the testing center. After acclimatization, individuals are evaluated by trained dermatologists using the Spot Reduction Scale. Spot reduction is scaled between 1 and 5, where the lowest value indicates no change at the spot and the highest value indicates noticeable reduction or fading at the spot being evaluated. Spot reduction results from phenotypic changes that are mostly marginal and difficult to perceive; a statistically significant increase in spot reduction score observed after product use is an indication of spot fading. Consumer Tests

[152] Consumers from different diasporas and with different initial skin types were used with different ethnicities. Studies conducted on over 1000 consumers across all geographies showed a preference for products Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 93 / 107 40 / 41 with soap compositions E1 to E3 within 1 week of product use. This included parameters of radiance, soft and smooth skin, gentle and smooth on the skin, etc. The analysis was performed using industry-standard statistical methods. A data extract from a single market cluster is presented in Table 1. The scale was from 1 to 5, where 1 means strongly disagree and 5 means strongly agree, based on the following questions: i. Is the soap mild and gentle on my skin? ii. Does the soap leave my skin soft and smooth? iii. Does the soap give my skin a nice glow? Table 1 E1 E2 E3 Within the scope of the invention Outside the scope of the invention Ingredients TFM 57 51 67 Anhydrous Soap 60 52 72 Electrolyte 1.4 1.7 1.4 Starch 11.0 17 — Non-soap surfactant 2.5 2.5 1 Water content 18 18 18 12-Hydroxystearic acid 0.01 0.01 0.01 Secondary ingredients comprise up to 100% by weight Dermatological Assessment Scale (1 to 5) (CFB - Average change from baseline values) i) Composite shine 0.73 1.2 0.67 ii) Skin tone uniformity 0.28 0.34 0.01 iii) Skin clarity and spot fading 2.56 1.4 0.74 Consumer tests (Average score) - on a scale (1 to 5) i) Gentle and smooth 4.7 4.72 4.6 ii) Soft and smooth 4.76 4.7 4.56 iii) Shiny 4.69 4.68 4.55

[153] It is clear from the data presented above that compositions E1 and E2 prepared according to the present invention show Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 94 / 107 41 / 41 synergy and significantly better results in terms of enhanced skin benefits, such as skin radiance and glow, skin tone evenness, skin clarity, and fading of blemishes, as opposed to E3, where only starch is absent. Furthermore, consumer test data also showed that consumers preferred the soap compositions of the present invention, namely E1 and E2, to composition E3, which is a similar composition but outside the scope of the present invention. Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 95 / 107

Claims

1 / 4 Claims 1. SOAP BAR COMPOSITION characterized by comprising: i. 20 to 80% by weight of total fat; ii. 0.1 to 5% by weight of electrolyte; iii. 0.001% by weight to 5% by weight of PPAR activator; iv. 1 to 45% by weight of complex carbohydrates comprising starch; and v. 10 to 50% by weight of water; wherein the PPAR activator is 10-hydroxystearic acid or 12-hydroxystearic acid or a combination thereof.

2. Soap composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the complex carbohydrate comprises at least 50% by weight of starch, wherein the starch is native non-gelatinized, pre-gelatinized or native partially non-gelatinized.

3. Soap composition according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrolyte comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride and mixtures thereof.

4. Soap composition, according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the composition has a pH in the range of 9 to 13, when measured in a 4% solution with distilled water at 25 °C.

5. PROCESS FOR PREPARING A SOAP COMPOSITION, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the process is characterized by comprising the steps of: i) saponifying a fatty material with an alkali to produce a saponified mass; Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, page 96 / 107 2 / 4 ii) adding 1 to 45% by weight of complex carbohydrate comprising starch or modified complex carbohydrate comprising starch by weight to the soap bar composition and water to obtain a soap mass; and iii) extruding the soap mass resulting from step (ii) to obtain the soap bar composition, wherein the PPAR activator is added in step (i) or (ii); and wherein the electrolyte is added in step (i) or (ii); wherein the PPAR activator is 10-hydroxystearic acid or 12-hydroxystearic acid or a combination thereof.

6. PROCESS, according to claim 5, characterized in that the soap composition comprises 20 to 80% by weight of total fat and 10 to 50% by weight of moistening.

7. PROCESS, according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the complex carbohydrate comprises at least 50% by weight of starch, wherein the starch is native non-gelatinized, pre-gelatinized or native partially non-gelatinized.

8. PROCESS, according to any one of the preceding claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the electrolyte is selected from the group of sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride and mixtures thereof.

9. USE of a PPAR activator and a complex carbohydrate characterized by comprising starch in the soap composition, as defined in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, to provide shine to the skin compared to a soap bar composition without a PPAR activator and a complex carbohydrate comprising starch.

10. USE of 0.001% by weight to 5% by weight of PPAR activator and 1% to 45% by weight of a complex carbohydrate characterized by Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, page 97 / 107 3 / 4 comprising starch, the percentages by weight are based on the weight of the resulting soap composition, the soap composition comprising: i. 20% to 80% by weight of total fat; ii. 0.1% to 5% by weight of electrolyte; iii. 10% to 50% by weight of water; wherein the PPAR activator is 10-hydroxystearic acid or 12-hydroxystearic acid or a combination thereof, to provide an even skin tone compared to the aforementioned soap bar composition without PPAR activator and a complex carbohydrate composed of starch.

11. USE of 0.001% by weight to 5% by weight of PPAR activator and 1 to 45% by weight of a complex carbohydrate characterized by comprising starch, the percentages by weight are based on the weight of the resulting soap composition, in the soap composition comprising: i. 20 to 80% by weight of total fat; ii. 0.1 to 5% by weight of electrolyte; iii. 10 to 50% by weight of water; wherein the PPAR activator is 10-hydroxystearic acid or 12-hydroxystearic acid or a combination thereof, to provide clarity to the skin, compared to a soap bar composition without PPAR activator and a complex carbohydrate composed of starch.

12. USE of 0.001% by weight to 5% by weight of PPAR activator and 1 to 45% by weight of a complex carbohydrate characterized by comprising starch, the percentages by weight are based on the weight of the resulting soap composition, the soap composition comprising: i. 20 to 80% by weight of total fat; ii. 0.1 to 5% by weight of electrolyte; Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, page 98 / 107 4 / 4 iii. 10 to 50% by weight of water; wherein the PPAR activator is 10-hydroxystearic acid or 12-hydroxystearic acid or a combination thereof, for fading skin blemishes, compared to a soap bar composition without PPAR activator and a complex carbohydrate composed of starch. Petition 870250092068, dated 08 / 10 / 2025, pp. 99 / 107