Actuator for a trigger pump dispenser and trigger pump dispenser

Description

1 / 16 TRIGGER PUMP DISPENSER

[0001] The present invention generally relates to dispensers for liquid products and particularly to so-called “trigger pumps” of the type that have an operable trigger to drive a piston along a pump chamber against the action of a spring and thus to force the liquid product under pressure from the pump chamber and through a dispensing orifice into a nozzle.

[0002] Some aspects and embodiments of the present invention generally relate to a valve and particularly, though not exclusively, to a valve for a pump, such as a valve for a trigger pump or similar.

[0003] One aspect of the present invention provides a trigger pump dispenser comprising: a body; an outlet nozzle; a pump chamber; a piston for defining a variable volume in the pump chamber and movable between a retracted position of larger chamber volume and an inserted position of smaller chamber volume; a trigger coupled with the piston and movable from an initial position where the piston is in the retracted position and a lowered position where the piston is in the inserted position; a tilting means for tilting the trigger towards its retracted position; the pump comprises an inlet port and an outlet port defined by the body and adapted to be in communication with the pump chamber; the pump comprises an inlet valve adapted to close the inlet port when the liquid to be dispensed is in the pump chamber and the piston is moved from the retracted position to the inserted position as the pump chamber decreases in volume; the inlet valve is H&áiçto8í7ffiffl^^ ,Π»®.!» / ™ 2 / 16 adapted to open the inlet port when the liquid to be dispensed is drawn into the pump chamber through the inlet port as the pump chamber volume increases when the piston is moved from the inserted position to the retracted position, the outlet valve is adapted to open the outlet port when the pump chamber decreases in volume as the liquid in it is dispensed through the outlet port and adapted to close when the pump chamber increases in volume, the outlet valve comprises an operable pre-compression valve to allow the liquid through the outlet only after a predetermined high pressure has been established in the pump chamber.

[0004] One aspect of the present invention provides a trigger pump dispenser comprising: a body; an outlet nozzle; a pump chamber; a piston for setting a variable volume in the pump chamber and movable between a retracted position of larger chamber volume and an inserted position of smaller chamber volume; a trigger coupled with the piston and movable from an initial position where the piston is in the retracted position and a lowered position where the piston is in the inserted position;By means of tilting the trigger towards its retracted position, the pump comprises an inlet port and an outlet port defined by the body and adapted to be in communication with the pump chamber; the pump comprises an inlet valve adapted to close the inlet port when the liquid to be dispensed is in the pump chamber and the piston is moved from the retracted position to the inserted position as the pump chamber decreases in volume; the inlet valve is adapted to open the inlet port when the liquid is in the pump chamber. H&áiçto8í7ffiffl^^ ,11^ / 007 3 / 16 to be dispensed is drawn into the pump chamber through the inlet port as the pump chamber volume increases when the piston is moved from the inserted to the retracted position, the outlet valve is adapted to open the outlet port when the pump chamber decreases in volume as the liquid in it is dispensed through the outlet port and adapted to close when the pump chamber increases in volume.

[0005] In some embodiments, during a suction stroke, the piston is moved in the opposite direction to the valve, so that a vacuum accumulates in the cylinder chamber and, due to the negative pressure, a rim of the inlet valve collapses and opens the inlet opening, the liquid can now enter the cylinder chamber through the inlet path, wherein, during the pressure stroke, the piston moves in the direction of the valve and therefore accumulates excess pressure in the system, the sealing rim of the inlet valve is pressed against the outer wall of the cylinder and seals the inlet opening, and wherein, when a certain pressure level is exceeded, the outlet valve retracts, which creates a free passage between the outer valve part and the inner valve part.

[0006] The predetermined high pressure can, for example, be defined by the material of the valve's inner part. Alternatively or additionally, the predetermined high pressure can, for example, be defined by the design of a conical connection between an outer sleeve and an inner sealing element.

[0007] The dispenser may comprise a valve member, wherein the valve member comprises a H&áççsto8í7IEffl^^ ,n»jg.W12® 4 / 16 first part and a second part, the parts being formed separately and being connectable together, one of the parts provides an inlet valve function and the other of the parts provides an outlet function.

[0008] A gap can be created by the movement of a valve that allows liquid to flow from the cylinder space to the outlet channel.

[0009] The valve opening distance can be determined by the length of a center stop.

[0010] In some embodiments, if the system pressure drops below a certain level, the outlet valve retracts to its original position and seals the outside of the valve, so that the connection from the cylinder chamber to the outlet side is closed again.

[0011] The trigger and the tilting mechanism can be formed in the same component.

[0012] The tilting means may comprise a pair of mutually spaced curved spring arms. The arms may be unconnected (except by means of the trigger).

[0013] The arms can be attached to the trigger at articulation points, where the arms can articulate in relation to the trigger during use. This can, for example, be used to provide a more powerful spring action.

[0014] The trigger and spring arms can be formed together in a single piece.

[0015] Dispenser components, such as the actuator, can, for example, be made from post-consumer recycled plastic (PCR). For example, the actuator can be made from 20-80% PCR content.

[0016] An additional aspect provides an element of H&áiÇto870í2aB^^ ,n»jg.79 / 1239! 5 / 16 valve to provide a pre-compression function in a pumping cylinder of a trigger sprinkler that only allows pressurized liquid to be expelled when the liquid pressure in the cylinder is above a certain predetermined level.

[0017] An additional aspect provides a converter valve to convert non-pre-compression pumps to pre-compression pumps.

[0018] An additional aspect provides a trigger pump dispenser comprising: a body; an outlet nozzle; a pump chamber; a piston for setting a variable volume in the pump chamber and movable between a retracted position of larger chamber volume and an inserted position of smaller chamber volume; a trigger coupled with the piston and movable from an initial position where the piston is in the retracted position and a lowered position where the piston is in the inserted position;By means of tilting the trigger towards its retracted position, the pump comprises an inlet port and an outlet port defined by the body and adapted to be in communication with the pump chamber; the pump comprises an inlet valve adapted to close the inlet port when the liquid to be dispensed is in the pump chamber and the piston is moved from the retracted position to the inserted position as the pump chamber decreases in volume; the inlet valve is adapted to open the inlet port when the liquid to be dispensed is drawn into the pump chamber through the inlet port as the volume of the pump chamber increases; when the piston is moved from the inserted position to the retracted position, the outlet valve is adapted to open; Petition 870260099682, dated 04 / 29 / 2026, page 80 / 239 6 / 16 the outlet port when the pump chamber decreases in volume as the liquid in it is dispensed through the outlet port and adapted to close when the pump chamber increases in volume, the outlet valve comprises an operable pre-compression valve to allow liquid through the outlet only after a predetermined high pressure has been established in the pump chamber, wherein the trigger and the tilting means are formed in the same component, and wherein the tilting means comprises a pair of mutually spaced curved spring arms.

[0019] An additional aspect provides a trigger pump dispenser comprising: a body; an outlet; a pump chamber; a piston for setting a variable volume in the pump chamber and movable between a retracted position of larger chamber volume and an inserted position of smaller chamber volume; a trigger coupled with the piston and movable from an initial position where the piston is in the retracted position and a lowered position where the piston is in the inserted position; tilting means for tilting the trigger towards its retracted position, wherein the trigger and the tilting means are formed in the same component, and wherein the tilting means comprises a pair of mutually spaced curved spring arms.

[0020] An additional aspect provides an actuator for a trigger pump dispenser comprising a trigger that is movable, during use, between a retracted position and a lowered position, and a spring for tilting the trigger towards a retracted position, wherein the trigger and the tilting means are formed in the same component, and wherein the spring comprises a pair of mutually spaced curved arms. Petition 870260099682, dated 04 / 29 / 2026, p. 812 39 7 / 16

[0021] The arms can be substantially equal.

[0022] The arms can usually be J-shaped or U-shaped.

[0023] The arms can generally extend parallel to each other.

[0024] Spring arms can generally be straight along a vertical plane.

[0025] Spring arms can be bent in a horizontal plane.

[0026] The ends of the arms opposite the trigger may include a flattening. The arms may be simple continuous curves (in addition to the flattening).

[0027] The ends of the arms opposite the trigger may include a hook or a wedge.

[0028] The arms can extend from the trigger at one end and, at the other end, they can be free, i.e., supported / connected only at one end.

[0029] Each arm can be attached to the trigger at a point of articulation, where the arms can articulate in relation to the trigger during use.

[0030] The actuator can be formed (e.g., molded) as a single piece, for example, from a plastic material.

[0031] The actuator can be formed from post-consumer recycled plastic (PCR).

[0032] The actuator can be formed from PCR content in the range of 20% to 80%.

[0033] The present invention also provides an actuator as described in this document in combination with a Petition 870260099682, dated 04 / 29 / 2026, p. 82 / 299 8 / 16 trigger pump dispenser as described or defined in this document.

[0034] The present invention also provides a trigger pump dispenser having an actuator as described or defined in this document.

[0035] Some aspects and embodiments provide or refer to an operable pre-compression valve to allow liquid through an outlet only after a predetermined high pressure has been established.

[0036] A pump outlet valve may be / comprise an operable pre-compression valve to allow liquid through the outlet only after a predetermined high pressure has been established in a pump chamber.

[0037] Some embodiments provide a pre-compression valve that reduces the number of body parts due to a compact design. Thus, this valve may facilitate a light trigger pump.

[0038] Some embodiments comprise an external valve part and an internal valve part.

[0039] In some embodiments, during a suction stroke, a piston can be moved in the opposite direction to the valve, so that a vacuum builds up in a cylinder chamber. Due to the negative pressure, a rim of an inlet valve can collapse and open an inlet opening. Liquid can now enter the cylinder chamber via an inlet path.

[0040] During a pressure stroke, a piston can move toward the valve and thus build up excess pressure in the system. The sealing rim of the inlet valve can be pressed against the outer wall of the Petition 870260099682, dated 04 / 27 / 2026, page 83 / 239 9 / 16 cylinder and seals the inlet opening.

[0041] When a certain pressure level is exceeded, the outlet valve may retract, which may create a free passage between the outer valve part and the inner valve part. The pressure level for switching can be defined by the material of the inner valve part and the design of the conical connection between the outer jacket and the inner sealing element. The opening distance can be determined by the length of a central stop bar.

[0042] The gap created by the valve movement can allow liquid to flow from the cylinder space to the outlet channel.

[0043] If the system pressure drops below a certain level, the outlet valve can retract to its original position and seal the outside of the valve, so that the connection from the cylinder chamber to the outlet side is closed again.

[0044] A trigger pump dispenser may comprise: a body; an outlet nozzle; a pump chamber; a piston for setting a variable volume in the pump chamber and movable between a retracted position of larger chamber volume and an inserted position of smaller chamber volume; a trigger coupled with the piston and movable from an initial position where the piston is in the retracted position and a lowered position where the piston is in the inserted position; tilting means for tilting the trigger towards its retracted position.

[0045] The pump may comprise an inlet port and an outlet port defined by the body and adapted to be in communication with the pump chamber. Petition 870260099682, dated 04 / 29 / 2026, page 84 / 239 10 / 16

[0046] The pump may comprise an inlet valve adapted to close the inlet port when the liquid to be dispensed is in the pump chamber and the piston is moved from the retracted position to the inserted position as the pump chamber decreases in volume.

[0047] The inlet valve can be adapted to open the inlet port when the liquid to be dispensed is drawn into the pump chamber through the inlet port, as the pump chamber volume increases when the piston is moved from the inserted to the retracted position.

[0048] The outlet valve can be adapted to open the outlet port when the pump chamber decreases in volume as the liquid in it is dispensed through the outlet port and adapted to close when the pump chamber increases in volume.

[0049] The outlet valve may comprise an operable pre-compression valve to allow liquid through the outlet only after a predetermined high pressure has been established in the pump chamber.

[0050] This aspect of the invention, therefore, provides a pre-compression function in a pumping cylinder of a trigger sprayer that only allows pressurized liquid to be expelled when the liquid pressure in the cylinder is above a certain predetermined level.

[0051] The pre-compression system can be used to prevent the fluid from being discharged at too low a pressure and allows for an improved spray pattern since the liquid can be forced out of an outlet nozzle at a predetermined and relatively high pressure.

[0052] Functional description: pre-compression valve Petition 870260099682, dated 04 / 29 / 2026, page 85 / 239 11 / 16 example.

[0053] During the suction stroke, the piston (not shown here) is moved in the opposite direction to the valve, so that a vacuum builds up in the cylinder chamber. Due to the negative pressure, the inlet valve rim collapses and opens the inlet port.

[0054] The liquid can now enter the cylinder chamber via the entry path.

[0055] During the pressure stroke, the piston moves towards the valve and thus accumulates excess pressure in the system. The sealing rim of the inlet valve is pressed against the outer wall of the cylinder and seals the inlet opening.

[0056] When a certain pressure level is exceeded, the outlet valve retracts, creating a free passage between the outer valve part and the inner valve part. The pressure level for switching is defined by the material of the inner valve part and the design of the conical connection between the outer jacket and the inner sealing element. The opening distance is determined by the length of a central stop bar.

[0057] The gap created by the valve movement allows the liquid to flow from the cylinder space to the outlet channel.

[0058] If the system pressure drops below a certain level, the outlet valve retracts to its original position and seals the outside of the valve, so that the connection from the cylinder chamber to the outlet side is closed again.

[0059] One advantage of this valve concept is that the Petition 870260099682, dated 04 / 29 / 2026, page 86 / 239 12 / 16 is an independent pre-compression valve element that can be used, for example, to constructively convert non-pre-compression pumps into pre-compression pumps.

[0060] The present invention further provides a trigger pump comprising a valve as described herein.

[0061] Different aspects and embodiments of the invention may be used separately or in combination.

[0062] Examples of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0063] Referring first to Figures 1 to 4, a trigger pump dispenser 10 is shown. Figure 4 is an exploded view showing the components of the dispenser: housing 15; body 20; piston 25; actuator 30; nozzle 35; sight glass 40; a valve 42 comprising a valve (upper part) 45 and a valve (lower part) 50; screw closure 55.

[0064] Figures 5 to 14 show the components in further detail.

[0065] In Figure 14, the actuator 30 is shown. The actuator comprises a trigger 60 and, towards one end of the trigger, two spaced spring arms 65a, 65b extend rearward. Each spring arm 65a, 65b is generally J-shaped and is connected at one end by means of a hinged point 70. At the other end of each arm, they include a flattening 75 and a hook / wedge terminal 80. The top of the trigger is provided with a pair of protrusions 85, each of which has a hole 86 for engaging corresponding pins 21 in the body 20. The trigger can rotate in Petition 870260099682, dated 04 / 29 / 2026, p. 87 / 239 13 / 16 in relation to the body.

[0066] Figures 15a-15c illustrate the operation of actuator 30.

[0067] Figure 15a shows the actuator 30 fixed to the body (by means of the protrusions 85 and the pins 21) and in a relaxed retracted position. The spring arm flats 75 rest on a horizontal flange 22 formed in the body and the spring hooks 80 engage behind a vertical flange 23, which restricts the spring arms.

[0068] During use, the trigger 60 is pulled against the inclination provided by the spring arms. As the trigger is moved progressively, the arms 65a, 65b bend / deform and also articulate (downwards as shown in the drawings) in relation to the trigger. This arrangement has been found to generate more power.

[0069] Figure 16 shows examples of different versions of spring arms.

[0070] Figures 17 to 20 illustrate the inlet / outlet valve 142 and provide a functional description of the pre-compression valve's functionality.

[0071] Figure 17 shows valve 142 engaged in pump chamber 190 of the dispenser body.

[0072] Chamber 190 includes an inlet aperture 191 which provides an inlet path and an outlet aperture 192 which provides an outlet path.

[0073] Valve 142 comprises an upper part 145 and a lower part 150. Figures 18a and 18b show the two parts separately, and Figures 19a-c show the parts press-fitted together.

[0074] The upper part 145 comprises a rim of Petition 870260099682, dated 04 / 29 / 2026, page 88 / 239 14 / 16 annular seal 146 and radially within the rim there is a frustoconical member 147 which includes central flow passages 148. Below member 147 there are spaced arched clamp sections 149a with passages 149b formed between them.

[0075] The lower part 150 comprises a central frustoconical seal 151 supported in an inclined annulus 152. The annulus 152 connects to a peripheral retaining ring 153 to which the clamp sections of the upper part 149a connect to fasten the upper and lower parts together. A frustoconical stop 154 ​​depends on the lower side of the seal 151.

[0076] During the suction stroke, the piston (not shown here) is moved in the opposite direction to valve 142, so that a vacuum builds up in the cylindrical pump chamber 190. Due to the negative pressure, the rim 146 of the inlet valve collapses (shown in dashed lines) and opens the inlet port 191.

[0077] The liquid can now enter cylinder chamber 190 via the inlet path.

[0078] During the pressure stroke, the piston moves towards valve 142 and thus accumulates excess pressure in the system. The sealing rim 146 of the inlet valve is pressed against the outer wall of the cylinder and seals the inlet opening 191.

[0079] When a certain pressure level is exceeded, the outlet valve seal 151 retracts (shown in dashed lines in Figure 20), which creates a free passage between the outer valve part and the inner valve part. This provides the pre-compression functionality. The Petition 870260099682, dated 04 / 29 / 2026, page 89 / 239 The pressure level for switching is defined by the material of the valve's inner part and the design of the conical connection between the outer jacket and the inner sealing element. The opening distance is determined by the length of the stop 154, as it is flush against the back wall 193 of the chamber 190.

[0080] The gap created by the valve movement allows the liquid to flow from the cylinder space to the outlet channel.

[0081] If the system pressure drops below a certain level, the outlet valve seal retracts to its original position and seals the outside of the valve, so that the connection from the cylinder chamber to the outlet side is closed again.

[0082] One advantage of this valve concept is that it is an independent pre-compression valve element that can, for example, be used to constructively convert non-pre-compression pumps into pre-compression pumps.

[0083] Figure 21 shows a bayonet-mounted version of a trigger pump dispenser 210 formed according to the present invention. The dispenser is similar to the dispenser of Figures 1 to 15, except that, instead of a screw-threaded collar, a bayonet-style fastening means is provided for attaching the dispenser to a container.

[0084] Figures 22 to 24 illustrate three different external designs of dispensers 310, 410, 510 formed according to the present invention.

[0085] There is no intention to limit the particular form. Petition 870260099682, dated 04 / 29 / 2026, pp. 90 / 289 16 / 16 revealed.

[0086] Although illustrative embodiments of the invention have been disclosed in detail in this document, it is understood that the invention is not strictly limited to the embodiments shown and that various alterations and modifications may be made thereto by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Petition 870260099682, dated 04 / 29 / 2026, p. 91 / 289

Claims

1 / 6 CLAIMS 1. Trigger pump dispenser (10) comprising: a body (20); an outlet nozzle (35); a pump chamber (190) comprising a rear wall (193) and an outer wall; a piston (25) for setting a variable volume in the pump chamber and movable between a retracted position of larger chamber volume and an inserted position of smaller chamber volume; a trigger (60) coupled with the piston and movable from an initial position where the piston is in the retracted position and a lowered position where the piston is in the inserted position; by means of tilting (65a, 65b) to tilt the trigger towards its initial position, the pump chamber (190) comprises an inlet port (191) and an outlet port (192), the pump comprises a valve (142) adapted to close the inlet port when the liquid to be dispensed is in the pump chamber and the piston is moved from the retracted position to the inserted position as the pump chamber decreases in volume,The valve is adapted to open the inlet port when the liquid to be dispensed is drawn into the pump chamber through the inlet port, as the volume of the pump chamber increases when the piston is moved from the inserted to the retracted position; the valve is adapted to open the outlet port when the volume of the pump chamber decreases as the liquid therein is dispensed through the outlet port, and adapted to close the outlet port when the volume of the pump chamber increases; the valve comprises an operable pre-compression valve to allow liquid through the outlet port only after a predetermined high pressure is established in the pump chamber, characterized in that the inlet port (191) is formed in the outer wall of the pump chamber.

2. Trigger pump dispenser, according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet port (192) is formed in the outer wall of the pump chamber.

3. Trigger pump dispenser according to claim 2, characterized in that the outlet port (191) is closer to the back wall (193) than the inlet port (192).

4. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve comprises a valve member (142), the valve member comprising an outer valve part (145) and an inner valve part (150), the parts being formed separately and being connectable together, one of the parts (145) provides an inlet valve function and the other of the parts (150) provides an outlet function, and wherein, during a suction stroke, the piston is set to move in the opposite direction to the valve (142), so that a vacuum accumulates in the pump chamber (190) and, due to the negative pressure, a sealing rim (146) of the valve collapses and opens the inlet (191), the liquid can now enter the pump chamber through the inlet, wherein, during the pressure stroke, the piston is set to move in the direction of the valve and thus accumulate excess pressure in the system,The valve sealing rim is pressed against the outer wall of the pump chamber and seals the inlet, and whereby, when the predetermined high pressure is reached, the valve is configured to retract, which creates a free passage between the outer valve part (145) and the inner valve part (150).

5. Trigger pump dispenser, according to claim 4, characterized in that the predetermined high pressure is defined by the material of the valve inner part (150).

6. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the predetermined high pressure is defined by the design of a conical connection between an outer jacket and an inner sealing element.

7. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gap created by the valve movement enables liquid to flow from the pump chamber through the outlet port.

8. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by comprising a central stop (154), wherein the valve opening distance is determined by the length of the central stop (154).

9. Trigger pump dispenser, according to claim 4, characterized in that, if the system pressure falls below the predetermined high pressure, the outlet valve is configured to retract to its initial position and seal the outer part of the valve, so that the connection of the outer valve part (145) and the inner valve part (150) is closed again.

10. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized Petition 870260039882, dated 04 / 29 / 2026, page 183 / 239 4 / 6 by the fact that the trigger (60) and the tilting means (65a, 65b) are formed in the same component, and in which the tilting means comprises a pair of mutually spaced curved spring arms.

11. Trigger pump dispenser, according to claim 10, characterized in that the arms (65a, 65b) are joined to the trigger at articulation points, wherein the arms can articulate in relation to the trigger during use.

12. Trigger pump dispenser, according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the trigger (60) and the spring arms (65a, 65b) are formed together as a single piece.

13. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the arms (65a, 65b) are substantially equal.

14. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the arms (65a, 65b) are generally J-shaped.

15. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the arms (65a, 65b) generally extend parallel to each other.

16. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the spring arms (65a, 65b) are generally straight along a vertical plane.

17. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any one of claims 10 to 16, characterized by Petition 870260099884, dated 04 / 29 / 2026, p. 184 / 299 5 / 6 fact that the spring arms (65a, 65b) are curved in a horizontal plane.

18. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any one of claims 10 to 17, characterized in that the end of the arms (65a, 65b) opposite the trigger (60) includes a flattening (75).

19. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any one of claims 10 to 18, characterized in that the end of the arms opposite the trigger (60) includes a hook or wedge (80).

20. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any one of claims 10 to 19, characterized in that the arms (65a, 65b) extend from the trigger at one end, and at the other end they are free in at least one degree of freedom.

21. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any one of claims 10 to 20, characterized in that each arm (65a, 65b) is joined to the trigger at a point of articulation, wherein the arms can be articulated in relation to the trigger (60) during use.

22. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any one of claims 10 to 21, characterized in that the trigger (60) is formed as a single piece.

23. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any one of claims 10 to 22, characterized in that the trigger (60) is configured to pull against the inclination provided by the spring arms (65a, 65b), and in that, as the trigger is moved progressively, the arms bend or deform and also articulate in relation to the trigger. Petition 870260099882, dated 29 / 04 / 2026, p. 185 / 2 99 6 / 6 24. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trigger (60) is formed from post-consumer recycled plastic (PCR).

25. Trigger pump dispenser, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trigger (60) is formed from 20-80% PCR content. Petition 870260099882, dated 29 / 04 / 2026, p. 186 / 239

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