Surgical instrument and operating table for cervical vertebra fracture and dislocation

Abstract

The invention discloses a surgical instrument for treating cervical spine fracture dislocation. The surgical instrument comprises a distracting structure, a prying structure, a head traction mechanism, a lanciform bone rongeur, a curet, a fixing structure and a somatosensory evoked potential monitor. The distracting structure comprises an automatic distracter for opening adjacent vertebral bodies of anterior cervical spine and distracting pins fixed to the adjacent vertebral bodies. Through the synergistic effect of the distracting structure, the prying structure, the fixing structure and the somatosensory evoked potential monitor, an effect of quick restoration and pressure reduction is achieved; patients are effectively monitored in the traction, distraction and operation process, and medical accidents are prevented.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to an operating instrument and an operating bed for treating cervical vertebra fracture and dislocation. Background technique [0002] With the rapid development of modern means of transportation, cervical fractures and dislocations are increasing year by year. Since cervical fracture and dislocation is the most common type of spinal cord injury, there are many researches at home and abroad. There are currently three treatment devices and methods for cervical dislocation: [0003] 1. The first step: use the traditional head traction mechanism for large-weight traction before the operation; the second step, if the reduction is successful, use the spreader and the fixed plate to perform anterior cervical surgery; if the traction reduction fails, use the prying structure Posterior prying facet reduction surgery or combined posterior and anterior surgery were performed. T...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

The disadvantages of posterior surgery or combined posterior and anterior surgery are: the lower cervical dislocation takes a long time for reduction and decompression, which is not conducive to the recovery of spinal cord nerve function. Therefore, most scholars advocate that the operation should be performed as soon as possible after the injury to reduce the time for reduction and release of spinal cord compression.

At the same time, the large traction of the skull before the operation, and the operation after the dislocation is reset will delay the timing of the operation, and in the absence of anesthesia, the traction weight is heavy, the patient suffers a lot, and the neck muscles cannot be relaxed, resulting in a low success rate of reduction and long traction time. Longer, and without electrophysiological monitoring, there is a possibility of aggravating the spinal cord injury; in addition, during the traction process, the patient's head and neck should be bent forward 20°~30° from the neutral position, and the commonly used head traction mechanism The angle cannot be adjusted automatically, and it needs to be assisted by laying other materials, which is inconvenient to use, and there is a risk of slippage of auxiliary materials

[0004] 2. Posterior surgery to pry the dislocated cervical spine for reduction and fixation: Posterior surgery with prying structure is used to directly pry the twisted articular process to achieve the purpose of reduction, but this operation has the following disadvantages: ⑴ Posterior Surgical trauma is large, and axial symptoms often exist after surgery; (2) The fixed segment is long, usually requiring more than two motor units to be fixed; (3) The fusion rate of bone graft is lower than that of the anterior cervical approach; (4) The anterior compression of the spinal cord caused by herniated intervertebral disc cannot be relieved ; (5) The fixation strength of cervical lateral mass screws is insufficient. Although cervical pedicle screws are firm and reliable, they have high complications and high technical requirements. At the same time, the shape and structure of the prying structure have a certain impact on the reduction effect

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