Electrochemical systems and methods for forming products using metal halides
A technology of metal halides and metal ions, applied in electrodes, electrolytic components, electrolytic processes, etc., can solve problems such as carbon dioxide emissions
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Embodiment 1
[0321] Formation of EDC from ethylene using copper chloride
[0322] This example relates to the formation of ethylene dichloride (EDC) from ethylene using copper chloride. The experiment was carried out in a pressure vessel. The pressure vessel contained an outer jacket containing the catalyst (ie, copper chloride solution) and an inlet for ethylene gas sparging in the copper chloride solution. The concentrations of the reactants are shown in Table 1 below. In the experiment, the pressure vessel was heated to 160° C., and ethylene gas was passed into the vessel containing 200 mL of the solution at 300 psi for 30 minutes to 1 hour. Cool the container to 4°C before venting and opening. The product formed in solution was extracted with ethyl acetate and then separated using a separatory funnel. Gas chromatography (GC) was performed on the ethyl acetate extract containing EDC.
[0323] In this experiment, the amount of chloroethanol was increased by increasing the incubation...
Embodiment 2
[0327] Formation of CE
[0328] Ethylene was introduced into a 4 mL slit-septa capped vial placed in a pressurized reactor. The catalyst composition was added to these vials. To generate CE, use 4.5M CuCl 2 , 0.0055M Pd / C and 1M NaCl solution. The reactor was heated to 135-139°C at 330-340 psig. The generation of CE was found to be accelerated with the use of promoters such as supported noble metal catalysts. Figure 7 A comparison of two experiments is shown, where in the first experiment no noble metal was used and EDC was found to be the main product. In the second experiment, CuCl was replaced by palladium on carbon. The selectivity to CE in this experiment was found to be greater than 90% (rising from 21% in the first experiment to 94% in the second experiment).
Embodiment 3
[0330] Formation of CE and TCA
[0331] Experiment 1: At the beginning, 150 μL of EDC was added to each 4 mL capped vial. 5M CuCl 2 , 1.5M CuCl and 2.5M NaCl solution (A); 4M CuCl 2 , 1.5M CuCl and 2.5M NaCl solution (B); 5M CuCl 2 , a solution of 0.75M CuCl and 2.5M NaCl (C); and 4M CuCl 2 , 0.75M CuCl and 2.5M NaCl solution (D). The vials were kept at 160° C. for 15 and 30 minutes in a heated autopressurized reactor (to prevent rupture of capped vials). Figure 8 Display, TCA ( Figure 8 Chloral in ) appears to increase exponentially with time and may be a subsequent product of CE. DCA (dichloroacetaldehyde) was not detected after 15 minutes, but it was present at low levels after 30 minutes at a temperature of 160°C. EDC selectivity on a weight basis decreased from 97% after 15 minutes to 91-93% after 30 minutes.
[0332] Experiment 2: Add 5M CuCl to each 4 mL capped vial 2 , 1.5M CuCl and 2.5M NaCl solution. Add 10-30 uL of pure chlorinated organic (EDC, CE, MCA,...
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