Earthquake self-rescue device with adjustable damping stiffness of oil-gas spring and working method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an earthquake self-rescue device with adjustable oil-gas spring damping stiffness and a working method, comprising: a protection cabin device, an oil-gas buffer damping device, a protection bed device, and a protection bed brake device; the protection cabin device is placed on the bedroom floor foundation; the oil-gas buffer damping device is hingedly mounted on a mounting seat on the inner wall of the protection cabin device through bolts; the bed body of the protection bed device is hingedly mounted with the mounting hole of the oil-gas buffer damping device through the mounting seat, and the side end is fixed to the inner wall of the protection cabin device through a bearing seat; the protection bed brake device is installed inside the bed body of the protection bed device through a slewing bearing, and the side end is fixed to the inner wall of the protection cabin device through a bearing seat and a mounting support; the present invention realizes the personal safety of personnel through multiple protections through the protection cabin device, the protection bed device, and the protection bed brake device, and the oil-gas buffer damping device prevents personnel from being injured by impact through secondary buffering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of lifesaving tools, and in particular to an earthquake self-rescue device with an oil-gas spring and adjustable damping stiffness and a working method. Background Art

[0002] Since the earthquake rescue equipment currently available on the market cannot accurately predict and has poor resistance to high-altitude landing impact and heavy object landing impact, it is particularly important to design an earthquake self-rescue device with adjustable oil-gas spring damping stiffness and a working method. The self-rescue bed device adopts a spherical shape so it has very good impact resistance, and a buffer damping device is installed inside, so it has very good anti-fall impact buffering and damping capabilities. It also occupies a small space, which can greatly prevent people from being hurt by earthquakes. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a technical solution of an earthquake self-rescue device and a working method with adjustable damping stiffness of an oil-gas spring.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] The present invention discloses an earthquake self-rescue device with adjustable oil-gas spring damping stiffness and a working method, comprising: a protection cabin device, an oil-gas buffer device, a protection bed device, and a protection bed brake device; the protection cabin device is placed on the bedroom floor foundation; the oil-gas buffer device is hingedly mounted on a mounting seat on the inner wall of the protection cabin device by bolts; the bed body of the protection bed device is hingedly mounted with the mounting seat and the mounting hole of the oil-gas buffer device, and the side end is fixed to the inner wall of the protection cabin device by a bearing seat; the protection bed brake device is installed inside the bed body of the protection bed device by a slewing bearing, and the side end is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the protection cabin device by a bearing seat and a mounting support.

[0006] Furthermore, the protection cabin device includes: a protection cabin column, a protection cabin outer shell, a protection cabin inner shell, an air circulation system device, a battery, an upper sealing rubber ring, a lower sealing rubber ring, an earthquake sensing trigger, a signal processor, a shaft I, and a bearing; the protection cabin columns have a total of 4, which are respectively welded to the bottom of the protection cabin device to support the entire self-rescue bed and maintain balance; the protection cabin outer shell is forged from high-strength impact-resistant alloy steel, and its shape is a three-quarter hollow sphere, and a cavity is processed inside the protection cabin outer shell; the protection cabin inner shell is forged from high-strength impact-resistant alloy steel, and its shape is a semi-spherical shell, which is mounted in the inner cavity of the protection cabin outer shell through a bearing seat; the air circulation system device is installed on the inner upper wall of the protection cabin outer shell through a bolt support, and is used for air conditioning in the enclosed space in the protection cabin; the battery is placed on the inner lower wall of the protection cabin outer shell to provide power support for the self-rescue bed; A rubber ring, whose cross-section is a trapezoid, is fixedly installed at the upper opening of the protective cabin shell by special adhesive; the lower sealing rubber ring, whose cross-section is a trapezoid, is fixedly installed at the lower opening of the protective cabin shell by special adhesive, and the meshing of the upper sealing rubber ring and the lower sealing rubber ring achieves the effect of isolating the inside of the protective cabin from the outside; there are a total of 4 earthquake sensing triggers, which are respectively installed on the inner ends of the protective cabin columns; the signal processor is installed on the side end surface of the battery; there are a total of 2 shafts I, which are respectively installed at the mounting holes of the cavities at both ends of the protective cabin shell; the inner ring of the bearing is installed on the shaft body of the shaft I, and the two ends are fixed with locking nuts, and the outer ring is installed on the mounting holes at both ends of the protective cabin inner shell, so that the protective cabin inner shell is flipped in the inner cavity of the protective cabin shell through the braking mechanism of the protective bed braking device, and is self-locked by the self-locking mechanism of the protective bed braking device.

[0007] Furthermore, the oil-gas buffer device includes: telescopic cylinder I, air cavity I, floating piston I, oil cavity I, damping hole, compression valve, extension valve, telescopic cylinder II, guide piston I, oil cavity II, one-way damping valve, fixed outer cylinder, floating piston II, air cavity II, oil cavity III, guide piston II, oil cavity IV, floating piston III, air cavity III, energy injection channel, connecting ring I, connecting ring II; the connecting ring II is installed on the mounting seat on the inner wall of the protective cabin shell, and the connecting ring I is installed on the mounting seat on the bed body of the protective bed device. There are thirteen sets of the oil-gas buffer device, eight of which are installed between the bed body of the protective bed device and the inner wall of the protective cabin shell, and three are installed between the bed body of the protective bed device and the inner wall of the protective cabin shell. A sleeve is installed between the side end face of the protective bed device and the inner wall of the protective cabin shell, and two sleeves are installed between the other side end face of the protective bed device and the inner wall of the protective cabin shell; the oil-gas buffer device adopts a two-stage hollow-cavity telescopic cylinder composed of the telescopic cylinder I and the telescopic cylinder II; the telescopic cylinder I is processed with the air cavity I and the oil cavity I inside, and the air cavity I and the oil cavity I are separated by the floating piston I, and limiting bosses are installed at both ends of the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder I to limit the movement range of the floating piston I, and a guide ring is installed at the circumferential end of the floating piston I to guide the movement of the floating piston I; the The tail end faces of telescopic cylinder I are respectively installed with compression valves and extension valves, and a damping hole is processed in the middle for oil exchange and consumption between the oil chamber I and the oil chamber II, and connected with telescopic cylinder II through the guide piston I, which can play a good role in shock absorption and damping; the interior of telescopic cylinder II is also processed with a cavity, and limit valves are installed at both ends of the inner wall of the cavity, which are used to limit the extreme position of the movement of telescopic cylinder I, and a plurality of one-way damping valves are installed at its tail end, and its circumferential end is connected to the inner wall of the fixed outer cylinder using the guide piston II. After the telescopic cylinder II is connected to the fixed outer cylinder, the air chamber II and the oil chamber III are left, and the air chamber The floating piston II is installed between the air chamber II and the oil chamber III, and limiting bosses are installed at the upper and lower ends of the air chamber II and the oil chamber III to limit the up and down movement of the floating piston II; the fixed outer cylinder is processed by cavity processing, and the air chamber III and the oil chamber IV in its inner cavity are separated by the floating piston III, and limiting bosses are installed on the upper and lower inner walls of the cavity to limit the movement stroke of the telescopic cylinder II, and an energy injection channel is processed on the side end of the tail, which is connected to the air chamber III and is used to inject nitrogen into the initial state of the device, and a gas pressure detection sensor is installed in the air chamber III to detect the gas pressure of the air chamber III;This damping buffer device is different from the traditional device. It uses a two-stage hollow telescopic cylinder. On the one hand, it increases the buffering damping capacity in a limited space. On the other hand, it transforms the structure of the traditional external energy storage device into an internal one, which broadens its working range. In addition, this device has a compact structure and is easy to process and disassemble. The stiffness can be adjusted according to the needs through the energy injection device. ;

[0008] Furthermore, the protective bed device includes: a protective bed shell, a semi-circular arc channel, a protective bed, a protective plate, a fixed plate, a fixed shaft, a slewing bearing I, and a slewing bearing II mounting seat; the protective bed shell is forged with high-strength steel, and its shape is a hollow semi-cylinder, and the semi-circular arc channel is processed on the side; the protective bed is processed with high-strength alloy steel, and its appearance is a cylindrical barrel, with a square cross plate welded in the middle, and the side ends are ensured to be coaxially welded to the side end circular plates of the protective bed shell, and axial steps are processed on both ends; the protective plates are two in total, which are respectively welded to the two arc side ends of the protective bed to prevent sleeping people from rolling down; the fixed plate is U-shaped, and the bottom is welded to the inner wall of the protective cabin shell; The interference fit of the fixed shaft passes through the fixed plate and is fixed on the side end surface of the protective bed shell; there are two slewing bearings I, the outer rings of which are sleeved on the cylindrical surfaces at both sides of the protective bed shell, positioned by axial steps, and fixed by locking nuts; there are two slewing bearings II, the inner rings of which are respectively sleeved on the cylindrical surfaces on both sides of the protective bed, positioned by axial steps, and fixed by locking nuts. At this time, an installation gap is left between the slewing bearings I and II to ensure that the protective cabin of the protective bed braking device rotates within the gap and forms a cylindrical tube with the protective bed shell, thereby realizing secondary protection for the person on the bed; the mounting seat is fixed to the outer wall surface of the protective bed shell by bolts.

[0009] Furthermore, the protective bed braking device includes: a fixed support, a servo motor, a reducer, a commutator, a driving gear, a driven gear), a locking nut, a shaft II, a protective cabin, a protective ring, a connecting rod I, a connecting rod II, and a connecting tube; the fixed support is welded and fixed to the inner wall of the protective cabin shell; the servo motor is fixed to the fixed support by bolts; the input shaft of the reducer is connected to the output shaft of the servo motor through a coupling, and the output shaft is connected to the commutator through a coupling; the output shaft of the commutator The output shaft is assembled with the driving gear through a key and a locking nut; the driven gear is installed on the shaft II through a key and a locking nut, and cooperates with the driving gear; the driving gear and the driven gear are both incomplete gears, wherein the driving gear is machined with teeth on half of its circumference, and a convex locking arc is machined on the other half of its circumference, and a pair of teeth on the circumference of the driven gear is machined into a concave locking arc, and the convex locking arc of the driving gear is meshed with the concave locking arc of the driven gear, and when the driving gear does not rotate, the driven gear The wheel is locked by the concave and convex locking arcs; when the driving gear rotates one circle, the driven gear rotates 180 degrees, at which time the convex locking arc of the driving gear meshes with the concave locking arc of the driven gear, that is, the two gears are self-locking; the shaft II is installed on the side end face of the protection cabin through a bearing seat, and the protection cabin is semi-cylindrical and made of high-strength alloy steel; the protection ring is welded to the side end face of the protection cabin and ensures coaxiality with the protection cabin, and both ends are installed in the gap between the slewing bearing I of the protection bed device and the slewing bearing II of the protection bed device, the inner ring is connected to the outer ring of the slewing bearing II of the protection bed device, and the outer ring is hinged to the inner ring of the slewing bearing I of the protection bed device, and free rotation is achieved; the connecting rod I is fixed to the side end face of the protection ring by bolts; the connecting rod II is fixed to the connecting rod I by nuts; the inner wall of the connecting cylinder is fixed to the fixed shaft by bearings and locking nuts, the outer cylinder body is welded to the connecting rod II, and the front end face is welded to the side end hole of the inner shell of the protection cabin.

[0010] Furthermore, the present invention provides an earthquake self-rescue device with adjustable oil-gas spring damping stiffness and a working method: when the protective bed braking device is working, the servo motor starts to rotate when receiving the pulse signal of the signal processor, and drives the driving gear to rotate through the deceleration of the reducer and the commutator; the rotation of the driving gear drives the driven gear to rotate; the rotation of the driven gear drives the protection cabin to rotate relative to the protection bed outer shell of the protection bed device; the rotation of the protection cabin drives the connecting rod I to rotate in the semicircular arc channel of the protection bed device, and then drives the connecting cylinder to rotate, and then drives the protection cabin inner shell of the protection cabin device to rotate; when the protection cabin rotates 180 degrees, then The inner shell of the protection cabin device also rotates 180 degrees and enters the outer shell of the protection bed device. At this time, the protection cabin and the outer shell of the protection bed device just form a complete cylindrical tube, and the inner shell of the protection cabin of the protection bed device and the outer shell of the protection cabin also form a complete sealed sphere. The servo motor stops working and self-locks, and the driving gear and the driven gear also self-lock through the locking arc; at this time, the earthquake self-rescue bed forms a space device isolated from the outside world and sealed and self-locked; at this time, the protection bed brake device completes the braking work; before the installation of the oil-gas buffer device, a certain amount of nitrogen is injected into the air cavity III through the energy injection channel according to the impact requirements, The oil-gas buffer device has the expected stiffness requirement. When the outside of the protection cabin device is impacted, the connecting ring I connected to the inner wall of the protection cabin shell drives the telescopic cylinder I to contract and squeeze the oil chamber II in the guide piston I; the oil in the oil chamber II enters the oil chamber I through the damping hole and the compression valve; the volume of the oil chamber I increases, pushing the floating piston I to move forward so that the air chamber I is squeezed, and at this time it plays a primary buffer damping role; when the outside of the protection cabin device is strongly impacted, the telescopic cylinder I reaches the limit, and at this time the telescopic cylinder II squeezes the oil chamber IV in the guide piston II; the volume of the oil chamber IV decreases, and the oil passes through the one-way damping hole. The one-way damping valve enters the oil chamber III; the volume of the oil chamber III increases, pushing the floating piston II to squeeze the air chamber II; when the oil-gas buffer device is extended, the telescopic cylinder extends outward, the volume of the oil chamber II increases, and the pressure decreases; the oil in the oil chamber I enters the oil chamber I through the damping hole and the extension valve; when the telescopic cylinder I reaches the limit position; the telescopic cylinder II extends outward in the guide piston II driven by the telescopic cylinder I; the volume of the oil chamber III decreases, and the oil enters the oil chamber IV through the one-way damping valve; at this time, the oil-gas buffer device completes a telescopic action; at this time, the effect of two-stage buffering and damping is achieved, which well protects people in the protective cabin from impact injuries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1: A schematic diagram of the overall structure of an earthquake self-rescue device with adjustable damping stiffness of an oil-gas spring and a working method of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 2 : A structural diagram of a protective cabin device with an earthquake self-rescue device and a working method with an oil-gas spring with adjustable damping stiffness according to the present invention;

[0013] Figure 3 : Partial structural diagram I of a protective cabin device with an earthquake self-rescue device and a working method with an oil-gas spring with adjustable damping stiffness;

[0014] Figure 4 : Partial structure diagram II of a protective cabin device with an earthquake self-rescue device and working method with adjustable damping stiffness of an oil-gas spring according to the present invention;

[0015] Figure 5 : Partial structure diagram III of a protective cabin device with an earthquake self-rescue device and working method with adjustable damping stiffness of an oil-gas spring according to the present invention;

[0016] Figure 6 : A structural diagram of a protective bed device with an earthquake self-rescue device and a working method with an adjustable oil-gas spring damping stiffness according to the present invention;

[0017] Figure 7 : A partial structural diagram of a protective bed device with an earthquake self-rescue device and a working method with an adjustable oil-gas spring damping stiffness according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 8 : A structural diagram of a protective bed brake device with an earthquake self-rescue device and a working method with an adjustable oil-gas spring damping stiffness according to the present invention;

[0019] Fig. 9 : Partial structure diagram II of a protective bed brake device with an earthquake self-rescue device and working method with adjustable oil-gas spring damping stiffness;

[0020] In the figure: 1-protection cabin device, 2-oil and gas buffer device, 3-protection bed device, 4-protection bed brake device, 11-protection cabin column, 12-protection cabin shell, 13-protection cabin inner shell, 14-air circulation system device, 15-battery, 16-upper sealing rubber ring, 17-lower sealing rubber ring, 18-seismic induction trigger, 19-signal processor, 101-axis Ⅰ, 102-bearing, 21-telescopic cylinder Ⅰ, 211-air cavity Ⅰ, 212-floating piston Ⅰ, 213-oil cavity Ⅰ, 214-damping hole, 215-compression valve, 216-extension valve, 22-telescopic cylinder Ⅱ, 221-guide piston Ⅰ, 222-oil cavity Ⅱ, 223-one-way damping valve, 23-fixed outer cylinder, 231-floating piston Ⅱ, 232-air chamber II, 233-oil chamber III, 234-guide piston II, 235-oil chamber IV, 236-floating piston III, 237-air chamber III, 238-energy injection channel, 201-connecting ring I, 202-connecting ring II, 31-protective bed shell, 32-semicircular arc channel, 33-protective bed, 34-protective plate, 35-fixed plate, 36-fixed shaft, 37-slewing bearing I, 38-slewing bearing II, 39-mounting seat, 41-fixed support, 42-servo motor, 43-reducer, 44-commutator, 45-driving gear, 46-driven gear, 47-locking nut, 48-shaft II, 49-protective cabin, 491-protective ring, 492-connecting rod I, 493-connecting rod II, 494-connecting cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0022] like Figure 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, an earthquake self-rescue device with adjustable oil-gas spring damping stiffness and a working method, comprising: a protection cabin device 1, an oil-gas buffer device 2, a protection bed device 3, and a protection bed brake device 4; the protection cabin device 1 is placed on the bedroom floor foundation; the oil-gas buffer device 2 is hingedly mounted on the mounting seat on the inner wall of the protection cabin device 1 by bolts; the bed body of the protection bed device 3 is hingedly mounted with the mounting hole of the oil-gas buffer device 2 through the mounting seat, and the side end is fixedly mounted through the bearing seat The protective bed brake device 4 is installed inside the bed body of the protective bed device 3 through a slewing bearing, and the side end is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the protective cabin device 1 through a bearing seat and a mounting support; the protective cabin device 1 includes: a protective cabin column 11, a protective cabin outer shell 12, a protective cabin inner shell 13, an air circulation system device 14, a battery 15, an upper sealing rubber ring 16, a lower sealing rubber ring 17, a seismic induction trigger 18, a signal processor 19, a shaft I 101, and a bearing 102; The oil-gas buffer device 2 includes: a telescopic cylinder I 21, an air chamber I 211, a floating piston I 212, an oil chamber I 213, a damping hole 214, a compression valve 215, an extension valve 216, a telescopic cylinder II 22, a guide piston I 221, an oil chamber II 222, a one-way damping valve 223, a fixed outer cylinder 23, a floating piston II 231, an air chamber II 232, an oil chamber III 233, a guide piston II 234, an oil chamber IV 235, a floating piston III 236, an air chamber III 237, an energy injection channel 238, a connecting ring I 201, a connecting ring II 202; the protective bed device 3 includes: a protective bed shell 31, a semicircular arc channel 32, a protective bed 33, a protective plate 34, a fixed plate 35, a fixed shaft 36, a slewing bearing I 37, a slewing bearing II 38, and a mounting seat 39; the protective bed brake device 4 includes: a fixed support 41, a servo motor 42, a reducer 43, a commutator 44, a driving gear 45, a driven gear 46, a locking nut 47, a shaft II 48, a protective cabin 49, a protective ring 491, a connecting rod I 492, a connecting rod II 493, and a connecting cylinder 494.

[0023] like Figure 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, the specific steps of an earthquake self-rescue device with adjustable oil-gas spring damping stiffness and a working method are as follows: the protection cabin device 1, the oil-gas buffer device 2, the protection bed device 3, and the protection bed brake device 4 are installed in relative positions; when an earthquake occurs suddenly, the earthquake sensing trigger 18 is stimulated by the earthquake wave and transmits a signal to the signal processor 19. At this time, the servo motor 42 starts to rotate when it receives the pulse signal of the signal processor 19, and drives the driving gear 45 to rotate through the deceleration of the reducer 43 and the commutator 44; the driving gear 45 rotates to drive the driven gear 46 to rotate; the driven gear 46 rotates to drive the protection cabin 49 relative to the protection bed device 3. The protective bed shell 31 rotates; the protection cabin 49 rotates to drive the connecting rod I 492 to rotate in the semicircular arc channel 32 of the protection bed device 3, and then drives the connecting tube 494 to rotate, and then drives the protection cabin inner shell 13 of the protection cabin device 1 to rotate; when the protection cabin 49 rotates 180 degrees, and then the protection cabin inner shell 13 of the protection cabin device 1 also rotates 180 degrees to enter the protection bed shell 31 of the protection bed device 3, at this time, the protection cabin 49 and the protection bed shell 31 of the protection bed device 3 just form a complete cylindrical tube, and the protection cabin inner shell 13 of the protection bed device 3 and the protection cabin outer shell 12 just form a complete sealed sphere, the servo motor 42 stops working and self-locks, and the active The gear 45 and the driven gear 46 are also self-locked through the locking arc; at this time, the earthquake self-rescue bed forms a space device that is isolated from the outside and is closed and self-locking; when the ground foundation on which the self-rescue bed is located is severely damaged and falls downward, when the outside of the protective cabin device 1 is hit, the connecting ring Ⅰ201 connected to the inner wall 12 of the protective cabin shell drives the telescopic cylinder Ⅰ21 to contract and squeeze the oil chamber Ⅱ222 in the guide piston Ⅰ221; the oil in the oil chamber Ⅱ222 enters the oil chamber Ⅰ213 through the damping hole 214 and the compression valve 215; the volume of the oil chamber Ⅰ213 increases, pushing the floating piston Ⅰ212 to move forward so that the air chamber Ⅰ211 is squeezed, which plays a certain degree of relief. Impact damping effect; when the outside of the protective cabin device 1 is subjected to a strong impact, the telescopic cylinder I21 reaches the limit, and at this time the telescopic cylinder II22 squeezes the oil chamber IV235 in the guide piston II234; the volume of the oil chamber IV235 decreases, and the oil enters the oil chamber III233 through the one-way damping valve 223; the volume of the oil chamber III233 increases, pushing the floating piston II231 to squeeze the air chamber II232; when the oil-gas buffer device 2 is extended, the telescopic cylinder I21 extends outward, the volume of the oil chamber II222 increases, and the pressure decreases; the oil in the oil chamber I213 enters the oil chamber I213 through the damping hole 214 and the extension valve 216; when the telescopic cylinder I21 reaches the limit position;Driven by the telescopic cylinder I21, the telescopic cylinder II22 extends outward in the guide piston II234; the volume of the oil chamber III233 decreases, and the oil enters the oil chamber IV235 through the one-way damping valve 223; at this time, the oil-gas buffer device 2 completes a telescopic action; at this time, the effect of two-stage buffering and damping is achieved, which well protects the people in the protective cabin from impact injuries. ;

[0024] The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. An earthquake self-rescue device with adjustable damping stiffness of an oil-gas spring, characterized in that: include: A protective cabin device (1), an oil-gas buffer device (2), a protective bed device (3), and a protective bed brake device (4); the protective cabin device (1) is placed on the bedroom floor foundation; the oil-gas buffer device (2) is hingedly mounted on a mounting seat on the inner wall of the protective cabin device (1) by bolts; the bed body of the protective bed device (3) is hingedly mounted through the mounting seat and the mounting hole of the oil-gas buffer device (2), and the side end is fixed to the inner wall of the protective cabin device (1) through a bearing seat; the protective bed brake device (4) is installed inside the bed body of the protective bed device (3) through a slewing bearing, and the side end is fixed to the mounting support through the bearing seat. The protective cabin device (1) is installed on the inner wall of the protective cabin device (1); the protective cabin device (1) comprises: a protective cabin column (11), a protective cabin outer shell (12), a protective cabin inner shell (13), an air circulation system device (14), a battery (15), an upper sealing rubber ring (16), a lower sealing rubber ring (17), an earthquake sensing trigger (18), a signal processor (19), a shaft I (101), and a bearing (102); the protective cabin columns (11) are four in total and are respectively welded to the bottom of the protective cabin device (1) to support the entire self-rescue bed and maintain balance; the protective cabin outer shell (12) is forged from high-strength impact-resistant alloy steel. The shape is a three-quarter hollow sphere, and a cavity is processed inside the protective cabin shell; the protective cabin inner shell (13) is made of high-strength impact-resistant alloy steel forging, and its shape is a semi-spherical shell, which is installed in the inner cavity of the protective cabin shell (12) through a bearing seat; the air circulation system device (14) is installed on the inner upper wall of the protective cabin shell (12) through a bolt support, and is used for air conditioning in the enclosed space in the protective cabin; the battery (15) is placed on the inner lower wall of the protective cabin shell (12) to provide power support for the self-rescue bed; the upper sealing rubber ring (16) has a trapezoidal cross-section and is fixedly installed by a special adhesive The upper opening of the protective cabin shell (12); the lower sealing rubber ring (17) has a trapezoidal cross-section and is fixedly mounted on the lower opening of the protective cabin shell (12) by means of a special adhesive, and the meshing of the upper sealing rubber ring (16) and the lower sealing rubber ring (17) achieves an effect of isolating the interior of the protective cabin from the exterior; a total of four earthquake sensing triggers (18) are respectively mounted on the inner ends of the protective cabin columns (11); the signal processor (19) is mounted on the side end surface of the battery (15); a total of two shafts I (101) are respectively mounted on the mounting holes of the cavities at both ends of the protective cabin shell (12);The inner ring of the bearing (102) is mounted on the shaft of the shaft I (101), and the two ends are fixed with locking nuts, and the outer ring is mounted on the mounting holes at the two ends of the protective cabin inner shell (13), so that the protective cabin inner shell (13) can be turned over in the inner cavity of the protective cabin outer shell (12) through the braking mechanism of the protective bed braking device (4), and self-locked through the self-locking mechanism of the protective bed braking device (4); the oil-gas buffer device (2) includes: a telescopic cylinder I (21), an air chamber I (211), a floating piston I (212), an oil chamber I (213), a damping hole (214), a compression valve (215), an extension valve (216), a telescopic cylinder II (22), a guide The oil-gas buffer device (2) comprises a guide piston I (221), an oil chamber II (222), a one-way damping valve (223), a fixed outer cylinder (23), a floating piston II (231), an air chamber II (232), an oil chamber III (233), a guide piston II (234), an oil chamber IV (235), a floating piston III (236), an air chamber III (237), an energy injection channel (238), a connecting ring I (201), and a connecting ring II (202); the connecting ring II (202) is mounted on a mounting seat on the inner wall of the protective cabin shell (12) of the protective cabin device (1), and the connecting ring I (201) is mounted on a mounting seat on the bed of the protective bed device (3). The oil-gas buffer device (2) has a total of thirteen sets. , eight sets of which are installed between the bed of the protective bed device (3) and the inner wall of the protective cabin shell (12) of the protective cabin device (1), three sets of which are installed between the side end surface of the protective bed device (3) and the inner wall of the protective cabin shell (12) of the protective cabin device (1), and two sets of which are installed between the other side end surface of the protective bed device (3) and the inner wall of the protective cabin shell (12) of the protective cabin device (1); the oil-gas buffer device (2) adopts a two-stage hollow cavity telescopic cylinder composed of the telescopic cylinder I (21) and the telescopic cylinder II (22); the telescopic cylinder I (21) is processed with the air cavity (I211) and the oil cavity I (213) inside, and the air cavity I (2 11) and the oil chamber I (213) are separated by the floating piston I (212), and limiting bosses are installed at both ends of the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder I (21) to limit the movement range of the floating piston I (212), and a guide ring is installed at the circumferential end of the floating piston I (212) to guide the movement of the floating piston I (212); the tail end face of the telescopic cylinder I (21) is respectively installed with a compression valve and an extension valve, and a damping hole is processed in the middle for oil exchange and consumption between the oil chamber I (213) and the oil chamber II (222), and is connected to the telescopic cylinder II (22) through the guide piston I (221);The interior of the telescopic cylinder II (22) is also hollowed out, and limit valves are installed at both ends of the inner wall of the cavity to limit the extreme position of the movement of the telescopic cylinder I (21). A plurality of one-way damping valves (223) are installed at the tail end, and the circumferential end is connected to the inner wall of the fixed outer cylinder (23) using the guide piston II (234). After the telescopic cylinder II (22) is connected to the fixed outer cylinder (23), the air cavity II (232) and the oil cavity III (233) are left, and the floating piston II (231) is installed between the air cavity II (232) and the oil cavity III (233), and limit bosses are installed at the upper and lower ends of the air cavity II (232) and the oil cavity III (233). , used to limit the up and down movement of the floating piston II (231); the fixed outer cylinder (23) is processed by cavity processing, and the air cavity III (237) and the oil cavity IV (235) in the inner cavity are separated by the floating piston III (236), and the inner wall of the cavity is installed with limiting bosses on the upper and lower sides to limit the movement stroke of the telescopic cylinder II (22). The side end of the tail is processed with an energy injection channel (238), which is connected to the air cavity III (237) and is used to inject nitrogen into the initial state of the device. The air cavity III (237) is installed with a gas pressure detection sensor for detecting the gas pressure of the air cavity III (237). ; 2. The earthquake self-rescue device with adjustable damping stiffness of an oil-gas spring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The protective bed device (3) comprises: a protective bed shell (31), a semicircular arc channel (32), a protective bed (33), a protective plate (34), a fixed plate (35), a fixed shaft (36), a slewing bearing I (37), a slewing bearing II (38), and a mounting seat (39); the protective bed shell (31) is forged from high-strength steel and has a shape of a hollow semi-cylinder, with the semi-circular arc channel (32) machined on the side; the protective bed (33) is machined from high-strength alloy steel and has a cylindrical shape, with a square cross plate welded in the middle, and the side ends are welded to the side end circular plates of the protective bed shell (31) to ensure the coaxial line, and axial steps are machined on both ends; the protective plates (34) are two in total and are respectively welded to the two arc side ends of the protective bed (33) to prevent a sleeping person from rolling down; the fixed plate (35) is U-shaped, with the bottom welded to the protective cabin of the protective cabin device (1) The fixing shaft (36) is inserted through the fixing plate (35) and fixed on the side end surface of the protective bed shell (31); there are two slewing bearings I (37), the outer rings of which are sleeved on the cylindrical surfaces at both sides of the protective bed shell (31), positioned by axial steps, and fixed by locking nuts; there are two slewing bearings II (38), the inner rings of which are sleeved on the cylindrical surfaces at both sides of the protective bed (33), positioned by axial steps, and fixed by locking nuts. At this time, an installation gap is reserved between the slewing bearings I (37) and the slewing bearings II (38), so as to ensure that the protective cabin of the protective bed brake device (4) rotates in the gap and forms a cylindrical tube with the protective bed shell (31), thereby realizing secondary protection for the person on the bed; the mounting seat (39) is fixed to the outer wall surface of the protective bed shell (31) by bolts.

3. The earthquake self-rescue device with adjustable damping stiffness of an oil-gas spring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The protective bed brake device (4) comprises: a fixed support (41), a servo motor (42), a reducer (43), a commutator (44), a driving gear (45), a driven gear (46), a locking nut (47), a shaft II (48), a protective cabin (49), a protective ring (491), a connecting rod I (492), a connecting rod II (493), and a connecting tube (494); the fixed support (41) is welded and fixed to the inner wall of the protective cabin shell (12) of the protective cabin device (1); the servo motor (42) is fixed to the fixed support (41) by bolts; the input shaft of the reducer (43) is connected to the output shaft of the servo motor (42) by a coupling, and the output shaft is connected to the output shaft of the servo motor (42) by a coupling. The shaft is connected to the commutator (44); the output shaft of the commutator (44) is assembled with the driving gear (45) through a key and a locking nut; the driven gear (46) is installed on the shaft II (48) through a key and a locking nut, and cooperates with the driving gear (45); the driving gear (45) and the driven gear (46) are both incomplete gears, wherein teeth are processed on a semicircle of the driving gear (45), and a convex locking arc is processed on the other semicircle, and a pair of teeth on the circumference of the driven gear (46) are processed into a concave locking arc, and the convex locking arc of the driving gear (45) is meshed with the concave locking arc of the driven gear (46), and when the driving gear (45) does not rotate, the driven gear (46) is rotated. The driven gear (46) is locked by the concave and convex locking arcs; when the driving gear (45) rotates one circle, the driven gear (46) rotates 180 degrees, at which time the convex locking arc of the driving gear (45) meshes with the concave locking arc of the driven gear (46), that is, the two gears are self-locking; the shaft II (48) is installed on the side end surface of the protection cabin (49) through a bearing seat, and the protection cabin (49) is semi-cylindrical and made of high-strength alloy steel; the protection ring (491) is welded to the side end surface of the protection cabin (49) and ensures coaxiality with the protection cabin (49), and the two ends are installed on the slewing bearing I (37) of the protection bed device (3) and the slewing bearing of the protection bed device (3). In the gap of bearing II (38), the inner ring is hinged to the outer ring of the slewing bearing II (38) of the protective bed device (3), and the outer ring is hinged to the inner ring of the slewing bearing I (37) of the protective bed device (3) to achieve free rotation; the connecting rod I (492) is fixed to the side end face of the protective ring (491) by bolts; the connecting rod II (493) is fixed to the connecting rod I (492) by bolts; the inner wall of the connecting tube (494) is fixed to the fixed shaft (36) of the protective bed device (3) by bearings and locking nuts, the outer tube body is welded to the connecting rod II (493), and the front end face is welded to the side end hole of the protective cabin inner shell (13) of the protective cabin device (1).

4. The working method of the earthquake self-rescue device with adjustable damping stiffness of oil-gas spring as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The first step of its operation is: when an earthquake occurs suddenly, the earthquake sensing trigger (18) is stimulated by the earthquake wave and transmits a signal to the signal processor (19). The servo motor (42) starts to rotate when receiving the pulse signal from the signal processor (19), and drives the driving gear (45) to rotate through the speed reducer (43) and the commutator (44); the driving gear (45) rotates to drive the driven gear (46) to rotate; the driven gear (46) rotates to drive the protection cabin (49) to rotate relative to the protection bed shell (31) of the protection bed device (3); the protection cabin (49) rotates to drive the connecting rod I (492) to rotate in the semicircular arc channel (32) of the protection bed device (3), and then drives the connecting cylinder (494) to rotate, and then drives the protection cabin device ( 1) rotates; when the protection cabin (49) rotates 180 degrees, the protection cabin inner shell (13) of the protection cabin device (1) also rotates 180 degrees and enters the protection bed outer shell (31) of the protection bed device (3). At this time, the protection cabin (49) and the protection bed outer shell (31) of the protection bed device (3) just form a complete cylindrical tube, and the protection cabin inner shell (13) of the protection bed device (3) and the protection cabin outer shell (12) also form a complete sealed sphere. The servo motor (42) stops working and self-locks. At this time, the driving gear (45) and the driven gear (46) are also self-locked through the locking arc; at this time, the earthquake self-rescue bed forms a space device that is isolated from the outside and is sealed and self-locked; at this time, the protection bed braking device (4) completes the braking work.

5. The working method of the earthquake self-rescue device with adjustable damping stiffness of oil-gas spring as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The second step of the operation is as follows: before the oil-gas buffer device (2) is installed, a certain amount of nitrogen is injected into the air chamber III (237) through the energy injection channel according to the impact requirement, so that the oil-gas buffer device (2) has the expected stiffness requirement. When the outside of the protective cabin device (1) is impacted, the connecting ring I (201) connected to the inner wall of the protective cabin shell (12) drives the telescopic cylinder I (21) to contract and squeeze the oil chamber II (222) in the guide piston I (221); the oil chamber The oil in the oil chamber Ⅱ (222) enters the oil chamber Ⅰ (213) through the damping hole (214) and the compression valve (215); the volume of the oil chamber Ⅰ (213) increases, pushing the floating piston Ⅰ (212) forward so that the air chamber Ⅰ (211) is squeezed, and at this time, a first-level buffer damping effect is played; when the outside of the protective cabin device (1) is subjected to a strong impact, the telescopic cylinder Ⅰ (21) reaches the limit position, and at this time, the telescopic cylinder Ⅱ (22) squeezes in the guide piston Ⅱ (234). The oil chamber IV (235) is compressed; the volume of the oil chamber IV (235) decreases, and the oil enters the oil chamber III (233) through the one-way damping valve (223); the volume of the oil chamber III (233) increases, pushing the floating piston II (231) to squeeze the air chamber II (232); when the oil-air buffer device (2) is extended, the telescopic cylinder I (21) extends outward, the volume of the oil chamber II (222) increases, and the pressure decreases; the oil in the oil chamber I (213) passes through the damping hole (2 14) and the extension valve (216) enter the oil chamber I (213); when the telescopic cylinder I (21) reaches the limit position; the telescopic cylinder II (22) is driven by the telescopic cylinder I (21) to extend outward in the guide piston II (234); the volume of the oil chamber III (233) is reduced, and the oil enters the oil chamber IV (235) through the one-way damping valve (223); at this time, the oil-gas buffer device (2) completes a telescopic action; at this time, the effect of two-stage buffering and damping is achieved.

Images