Modified clay sorbents and methods of sorbing pfas using same
A clay adsorption and modification technology, applied in chemical instruments and methods, solid adsorbent liquid separation, separation methods, etc., can solve problems such as difficult to decompose
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example 1
[0084] The following examples demonstrate the formation of hydrophobically modified montmorillonite clays using dianionic molecules (referred to as "quaternary ammonium salts"). The compounds used in samples 1 and 4 and comparative samples 2 and 3 were at least permanently dianionic, meaning that the compounds contained two permanent quaternary ammonium groups per molecule. In the case of dequalinium chloride of sample 1, the molecule has two additional primary amine groups which can also be protonated in water at neutral pH, resulting in four cationic charge. Cationic compounds are listed in Table 1.
[0085] Table 1. List of polycationic molecules
[0086]
[0087] Sample 1 and Comparative Samples 2 and 3 were prepared in water using a paddle stirrer. The clay used to prepare the examples was natural sodium bentonite from Wyoming. The clay was Volclay API Gel NT, a 200 mesh bentonite available from American Colloid Company (Hoffman Estates, IL).
[0088] sample 1 ...
example 4
[0095] The polycationic quaternary ammonium salt used in Example 4 was tallow diaminepentamethylpropanediammonium hydrochloride, listed in Table 1 as Q4. Q4 quaternary ammonium salt is as ethanol and water (ETOH:H 2 A 57% active solution in a mixture of (2, 65:35) was purchased from Evonik (Adogen 477D). The clay is Volclay API Gel NT. No additional water was used in this example. Example 4 was prepared by combining clay (800 grams) and Q4 quaternary ammonium salt (474 grams) in a Kitchen Aid Stand mixer with a batter paddle for 15 minutes. The mixture was then processed in a subsequent extrusion step using a Hobart Meat Grinder (Model #4812). The sample was extruded two more times to ensure uniformity. The modified clay was rinsed with 2000 mL of deionized water. Samples were dried overnight at 80°C in an air convection oven. The sample was then ground to a sub-250 mesh powder using an electric grinder.
[0096] PFAS removal experiment
[0097] The removal efficie...
example 2
[0109] Clay sorbents according to embodiments of the present disclosure having clay functionalized with a monoquat / diquat blend were prepared using a solution process. The amounts of monoquaternary ammonium compounds and diquaternary ammonium compounds are shown in Table 6 below. Additionally, clay treatments were also tested for different cation exchange capacities, and the CEC treatment levels for each sample are also shown in Table 6.
[0110] Modified clays were prepared as follows. Use a 1 liter metal cup to hold 700ml of deionized water. Place the cups on a hot plate equipped with an overhead stirrer. The water was heated to 70°C and stirred at 200 RPM using a stirring blade. Bentonite (Volcay API Gel NT) was added slowly in small increments, allowing time for hydration, and stirred for 10 minutes. The monoquaternary ammonium compound and diquaternary ammonium compound were weighed and added separately. 442 (Evonik), dimethyl di(C14-C18 alkyl)ammonium chloride was ...
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