A wearable device

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a wearable device, which comprises a conductive frame and a parasitic branch. The frame is provided with a first grounding point and a feeding point. The parasitic branch has a first gap and a second gap. The parasitic branch and the frame are annular and are spaced along the circumferential direction of the annular. The parasitic branch is divided into a first parasitic part and a second parasitic part with substantially equal lengths by the first gap and the second gap.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and more particularly to a wearable device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of mobile communication technology, wearable devices can be used to monitor important data such as heart rate and sleep status at any time, and synchronize data by connecting to the Internet through communication functions. Wearable devices can also obtain information such as weather temperature. Furthermore, with the commercial coverage of the BeiDou satellite system, wearable devices can transmit short messages through the BeiDou satellite system.

[0003] The important applications of the aforementioned wearable devices are inseparable from communication functions. Traditional antennas that support BeiDou satellite system communication (referred to as BeiDou antennas) are mostly in patch form, and the complex structure of the solution cannot be implemented on wearable devices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a wearable device that uses a conductive frame as the radiator of the antenna structure. By utilizing the relative positions of the grounding point and the feed point, the maximum radiation direction of the radiation patterns generated by different frequency bands is made consistent, so as to meet the requirements of angle alignment.

[0005] In a first aspect, a wearable device is provided, comprising: a conductive frame having a first grounding point and a power supply point; the first grounding point being used to ground the frame; and a parasitic branch having a first slit and a second slit, the parasitic branch and the frame being annular and spaced apart circumferentially along the annulus; the parasitic branch being divided into a first parasitic portion and a second parasitic portion by the first slit and the second slit; the length L4 of the first parasitic portion and the length L5 of the second parasitic portion satisfying: (100%-10%)×L4≤L5≤(100%+10%)×L4.

[0006] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, parasitic stubs are provided above the radiator (frame) of the antenna structure. The parasitic stubs can generate additional resonance through the energy coupled by the radiator when it resonates, which can be used to expand the performance of the antenna structure (e.g., bandwidth, gain, efficiency, etc.).

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the frame is divided into a first frame portion and a second frame portion by the first grounding point and the power supply point, and the length L1 of the first frame portion and the length L2 of the second frame portion satisfy: (100%-10%)×L1≤L2≤(100%+10%)×L1.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a second grounding point is further provided on the frame, and the second grounding point is located on the first frame portion.

[0009] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, the current distribution of the antenna structure in the first frequency band and the second frequency band can be adjusted by utilizing the positions of the first grounding point and the feed point. The frequency of the first frequency band is lower than the frequency of the second frequency band. In one embodiment, the first grounding point can be located between the zero current point generated by the frame in the first frequency band and the zero current point generated by the frame in the second frequency band. Since the grounding point is usually a high current point (which increases the current intensity at the grounding location), the positions of the two zero current points generated in the first and second frequency bands can be changed, thereby bringing the maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure in the first frequency band closer to the maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure in the second frequency band. Furthermore, the second grounding point can further bring the maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure in the first and second frequency bands closer together. This ensures that the first and second frequency bands meet the requirement of angular alignment (e.g., the angular difference between the maximum radiation direction of the first and second frequency bands is less than or equal to 30°).

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the feed point is used to feed the frame, and the frame and the parasitic stubs are used to generate radiation in a first frequency band.

[0011] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the frequency band corresponding to the resonance generated by the parasitic branch is the same as the part of the working frequency band generated by the radiator, the efficiency of that part of the working frequency band can be improved.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the frame is further used to generate radiation in a second frequency band, the frequency of the first frequency band being lower than the frequency of the second frequency band; the angle difference between the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the wearable device in the first frequency band and the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the wearable device in the second frequency band is less than or equal to 30°.

[0013] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, the angle difference between the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the wearable device in the first frequency band and the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the wearable device in the second frequency band is less than or equal to 30°, so as to meet the angle alignment requirement.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first frequency band includes the transmission frequency band of the BeiDou satellite system communication frequency band (e.g., L-band; L-band includes, for example, 1610MHz to 1626.5MHz), and the second frequency band includes the reception frequency band of the BeiDou satellite system communication frequency band (e.g., S-band; S-band includes, for example, 2483.5MHz to 2500MHz).

[0015] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, the working frequency bands (a general term for the transmitting frequency band and the receiving frequency band) of the Beidou satellite system communication technology may specifically include the B1 (1559Hz to 1591MHz) frequency band, the B2 (1166MHz to 1217MHz) frequency band and the B3 (1250MHz to 1286MHz) frequency band. For the sake of brevity, the embodiments of this application will only use the L frequency band (or, the transmitting frequency band) and the S frequency band (or, the receiving frequency band) as examples for explanation.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the length L3 of the third border portion between the first grounding point and the second grounding point and the length L1 of the first border portion satisfy: (33%-10%)×L1≤L3≤(33%+10%)×L1, wherein the first border portion includes the third border portion.

[0017] According to the technical solution of the embodiment of this application, when the second grounding point is set at a distance of about 1 / 3L1 from the first grounding point, the second grounding point can better adjust the current distribution of the antenna structure in the first frequency band and the second frequency band, so that the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the first frequency band is closer to the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the second frequency band.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a third gap is provided on the frame, the third gap being located on the first frame portion between the second grounding point and the power supply point.

[0019] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, opening a third gap on the frame can be used to increase the radiation aperture of the antenna structure, thereby improving the efficiency of the antenna structure.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the distance between the third gap and the feed point on the first frame portion is in the range of 1 mm to 6 mm.

[0021] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, the distance along the frame between the third gap and the power supply point can be between 1mm and 6mm. In one embodiment, the distance along the frame between the third gap and the power supply point can be between 2mm and 5mm.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a fourth slit is provided on the first parasitic portion; the fourth slit at least partially overlaps with the projection of the third slit onto the frame.

[0023] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the parasitic stub resonates, opening a fourth slot on the parasitic stub can reduce the influence of the current generated on the parasitic stub on the current distribution on the frame, and reduce the influence on the maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure's radiation pattern. The projection position relationship between the fourth slot and the third slot in the first direction can adjust the influence of the current generated on the parasitic stub on the current distribution on the frame.

[0024] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a fourth slit is provided on the first parasitic portion; the projection of the fourth slit and the third slit on the frame does not overlap at least partially, and the third slit is located at least partially on the first frame portion between the feed point and the projection of the fourth slit on the first frame portion.

[0025] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, the third gap is at least partially located at the feed point, between the projection of the third gap and the fourth gap onto the first frame portion, which can further reduce the influence of parasitic branches on the current distribution of the frame. In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the projection of the first gap along the first direction onto the frame is located on the first frame portion between the first grounding point and the second grounding point.

[0026] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the projection of the feed point along the first direction onto the parasitic branch is located on the first parasitic portion between the second slit and the fourth slit.

[0027] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, by adjusting the relative positions of the first or second gap on the parasitic stub and the first and second grounding points on the frame, and the relative positions of the feed point on the frame and the second and fourth gaps on the parasitic stub, the influence of the parasitic stub on the current distribution on the frame can be adjusted, and the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna structure in the first frequency band or the second frequency band can be adjusted, so that the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated in the first frequency band is closer to the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated in the second frequency band.

[0028] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the angle between the first grounding point and the feed point in the circumferential direction is greater than or equal to 60° and less than or equal to 108°.

[0029] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, by utilizing the positions of the first grounding point and the feed point, the grounding point is usually a point with a large current (which will increase the current intensity at the grounding point). Grounding at the first grounding point can change the position of the zero point of the current generated by the second and third frequency bands on both sides of the frame, adjusting the current distribution of the frame in the second and third frequency bands, thereby bringing the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the second frequency band and the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the third frequency band closer together, and satisfying the angle alignment requirement of the second and third frequency bands (for example, the angle difference between the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the second frequency band and the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the third frequency band is less than or equal to 30°). In one embodiment, based on the positional relationship between the first grounding point and the feed point, the antenna structure can have better polarization characteristics in the first frequency band (for example, right-hand circular polarization), improving the receiving gain of the antenna structure for polarized electrical signals in the first frequency band, thereby improving the communication performance of the wearable device.

[0030] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the parasitic branch further has a third slit and a fourth slit; the parasitic branch is divided into a third parasitic part and a fourth parasitic part by the third slit and the fourth slit; the length L3 of the third parasitic part and the length L4 of the fourth parasitic part satisfy: (100%-10%)×L3≤L4≤(100%+10%)×L3, wherein the angle between the third slit and the second slit in the circumferential direction is greater than or equal to 55° and less than or equal to 70°.

[0031] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the parasitic branch further has a fifth slit and a sixth slit; the parasitic branch is divided into a fifth parasitic part and a sixth parasitic part by the fifth slit and the sixth slit; the length L5 of the fifth parasitic part and the length L6 of the sixth parasitic part satisfy: (100%-10%)×L5≤L6≤(100%+10%)×L5, wherein the fifth slit is located between the first slit and the third slit, and the angle between the fifth slit and the third slit in the circumferential direction is greater than or equal to 35° and less than or equal to 45°.

[0032] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, opening multiple slots in the parasitic stub can increase the radiation aperture of the antenna structure and improve its efficiency. Simultaneously, the current coupled on the parasitic stub can influence the current distribution on the frame, adjusting the directivity of the radiation generated by the antenna structure (e.g., the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated in the second frequency band or the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated in the third frequency band). Furthermore, opening multiple slots in the parasitic stub allows the parasitic stub 320 to operate in a higher-order operating mode. For example, as the number of slots on the parasitic stub increases, the resulting resonance shifts to higher frequencies. For instance, when the parasitic stub has six slots, its operating mode can be a double-wavelength mode. Since the resonance generated in this mode is closer to the third frequency band, the efficiency of the third frequency band can be improved.

[0033] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the power supply point is located between the first grounding point and the projection of the first gap onto the frame.

[0034] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the feed point is used to feed the frame, the frame is used to generate radiation in a first frequency band and a second frequency band, the frame and the parasitic branch are used to generate radiation in a third frequency band, the frequency of the first frequency band is lower than the frequency of the second frequency band, and the frequency of the second frequency band is lower than the frequency of the third frequency band.

[0035] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first resonance generated by the frame and the second resonance generated by the parasitic stub are used to generate radiation in the third frequency band.

[0036] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the frequency of the first resonance is greater than the frequency of the second resonance.

[0037] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the difference between the frequency of the first resonance and the frequency of the second resonance is greater than or equal to 10 MHz and less than or equal to 100 MHz.

[0038] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, the frequency of the resonance (second resonance) generated by the parasitic stub is slightly lower than the frequency of the resonance (first resonance) generated by the frame, which can better improve the efficiency of the antenna structure in the third frequency band. The difference between the frequency of the first resonance and the frequency of the second resonance can be understood as the difference between the frequency of the resonance point of the first resonance and the frequency of the resonance point of the second resonance.

[0039] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first frequency band includes 1176.45MHz ± 10.23MHz, and / or the second frequency band includes 1610MHz to 1626.5MHz, and / or the third frequency band includes 2483.5MHz to 2500MHz.

[0040] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the wearable device further includes a filtering circuit; the filtering circuit is electrically connected between the frame and the floor at the first grounding point; the filtering circuit is in an off state in the first frequency band and in a conducting state in the second and third frequency bands.

[0041] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, the filter circuit can be in a conducting state in the first and second frequency bands, with the frame electrically connected to the ground plane, and in a disconnected state in the third frequency band, with the frame not electrically connected to the ground plane. It should be understood that when a low-pass, high-impedance filter circuit is electrically connected between the first position and the ground plane, the performance (e.g., directivity) of the antenna structure in the first and second frequency bands can be improved.

[0042] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a seventh gap is provided on the frame, so the power supply point is located between the seventh gap and the first grounding point.

[0043] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, by adjusting the position of the seventh slot, when an electrical signal is fed into the feed point, the seventh slot can be located in the zero-current region (strong electric field region) generated by the frame. Since the seventh slot is located in the zero-current region, opening the seventh slot will not affect the current distribution of the antenna structure compared with not adding the seventh slot, and thus will not affect the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure.

[0044] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the distance between the seventh gap and the feed point is in the range of 1 mm to 6 mm.

[0045] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the seventh gap at least partially overlaps with the projection of the first gap onto the frame.

[0046] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a second grounding point is further provided on the frame; the frame is divided into a first frame portion and a second frame portion by the second grounding point and the power supply point, and the first grounding point is provided in the first frame portion; the length D1 of the first frame portion and the length D2 of the second frame portion satisfy: (100%-10%)×D1≤D2≤(100%+10%)×D1.

[0047] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the parasitic branch and the projection of the border in the first direction at least partially overlap, the first direction being a direction perpendicular to the plane where the parasitic branch is located.

[0048] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, the projections of the parasitic branch and the frame in the first direction may not overlap. For example, when both the parasitic branch and the frame are annular, the diameter of the parasitic branch may be larger or smaller than the frame, so that the projections of the parasitic branch and the frame in the first direction do not overlap. The embodiments of this application do not limit this, and adjustments can be made according to the production or design needs.

[0049] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the wearable device further includes: the wearable device further includes: an insulating support, the parasitic branch being disposed on a first surface of the support, and at least a portion of the support being located between the parasitic branch and the frame.

[0050] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the wearable device is a smartwatch, and the bracket is a watch bezel.

[0051] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, the bracket can be used to ensure that the parasitic branch and the frame have sufficient spacing distance in the first direction.

[0052] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the wearable device further includes a main body and at least one wristband; the main body includes the frame, the support, and the parasitic branch; the at least one wristband is connected to the main body; the projection of the first gap or the second gap on the frame corresponds to the connection point between the at least one wristband and the main body.

[0053] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, when a user wears a wearable device on their wrist, because the wrist is curved and the back cover of the wearable device is planar, the wearable device and the user's wrist cannot completely overlap, resulting in a gap at the wristband connection point. The wristband connects to the main body at the projection point of the main body along the first direction through the first gap or the second gap. This increases the distance between the current-strong point and the user's wrist, reducing the electromagnetic waves absorbed by the antenna structure on the user's wrist, thereby improving the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure.

[0054] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the border is circular with an inner diameter between 35mm and 45mm.

[0055] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, when the border is in the shape of a rectangular ring or other rings, its perimeter range can be the same as the perimeter range corresponding to when the border is in the shape of a circular ring. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a wearable device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0057] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0058] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 The radiation pattern of the antenna structure shown.

[0059] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure 200 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0060] Figure 5 This is a side view of an antenna structure 200 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0061] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the parasitic branch 240 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0062] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another border structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0063] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another parasitic branch structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0064] Figure 9 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the wearable device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0065] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a wearable device being worn, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0066] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the simulation results of the S-parameters, radiation efficiency, and system efficiency of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0067] Figure 12 These are the S-parameters of the antenna structure without parasitic stubs provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0068] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure without parasitic branches provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0069] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the frame at 1.18 GHz provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0070] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the frame at 1.6GHz provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0071] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the frame at 2.4GHz provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0072] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution in the parasitic branch provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0073] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field distribution of the parasitic branch provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0074] Figure 19 This is the radiation pattern generated by the antenna structure provided in this application embodiment at 1.6 GHz.

[0075] Figure 20 This is the radiation pattern generated by the antenna structure provided in this application embodiment at 2.48 GHz.

[0076] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure 300 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0077] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the parasitic branch 320 provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0078] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the filter circuit 340 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0079] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the S-parameters of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0080] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the frame at 1.18 GHz provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0081] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the frame at 1.6GHz provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0082] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the frame at 2.5GHz provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0083] Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution in the parasitic branch provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0084] Figure 29 These are simulation results of the radiation efficiency provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0085] Figure 30 This is the radiation pattern generated by the antenna structure provided in this application embodiment at 1.6 GHz.

[0086] Figure 31This is the radiation pattern generated by the antenna structure provided in this application embodiment at 2.48 GHz. Detailed Implementation

[0087] The technical solutions provided in this application are applicable to UE103 that employs one or more of the following communication technologies: Bluetooth (BT) communication technology, Global Positioning System (GPS) communication technology, Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) communication technology, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) communication technology, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) communication technology, Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology, and other future communication technologies.

[0088] The following explains the terms that may appear in the embodiments of this application.

[0089] Coupling can be understood as direct coupling and / or indirect coupling. "Coupled connection" can be understood as a direct coupling connection and / or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be called "electrical connection," which can be understood as physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the form of connection between different components in a circuit structure through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals, such as copper foil or wires on a printed circuit board (PCB). "Indirect coupling" can be understood as electrical conduction between two conductors through a gap / non-contact method. In one embodiment, indirect coupling can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between the gaps between two conductive parts.

[0090] Connection / linking: can refer to a mechanical or physical connection. For example, A and B being connected or linked can mean that there are fasteners (such as screws, bolts, rivets, etc.) between A and B, or that A and B are in contact with each other and are difficult to separate.

[0091] Connection: The process of making two or more components conduct or connect through the above-mentioned "electrical connection" or "indirect coupling" to transmit signals / energy can be called connection.

[0092] Relative / Relative Settings: A relative setting to B can refer to A and B being face-to-face (opposite to, or face to face) settings.

[0093] Direct current resistance (DCR): The resistance exhibited by an electronic component / structure when a direct current is applied; that is, the inherent, static resistance of the component. Generally, the DC resistance measured between any two points on an electronic component / structure is considered its DC resistance value.

[0094] Resonant frequency: The resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency. It refers to the frequency at which the imaginary part of the antenna's input impedance is zero. The resonant frequency can have a range, that is, the range of frequencies where resonance occurs. The frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance is the center frequency. The return loss characteristic at the center frequency can be less than -20dB.

[0095] Resonant band / communication band / operating band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (bandwidth). For example, an antenna supporting the B40 band operates within the frequency range of 2300MHz to 2400MHz, or in other words, the antenna's operating band includes the B40 band. The frequency range that meets the specifications can be considered the antenna's operating band.

[0096] Wavelength: or operating wavelength, can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming the center frequency of the B1 uplink band (resonant frequency from 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, then the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using this frequency. Not limited to the center frequency, "operating wavelength" can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or operating frequency band.

[0097] It should be understood that the wavelength of the radiation signal in air can be calculated as follows: (air wavelength, or vacuum wavelength) = speed of light / frequency, where the frequency is the frequency of the radiation signal (MHz), and the speed of light can be taken as 3 × 10⁻⁶. 8 m / s. The wavelength of the radiated signal in the medium can be calculated as follows: Where ε is the relative permittivity of the medium. The wavelength in the embodiments of this application typically refers to the medium wavelength, which can be the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency, or the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming the center frequency of the B1 uplink band (resonant frequency of 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, then the wavelength can be the medium wavelength calculated using this frequency. Not limited to the center frequency, the "medium wavelength" can also refer to the medium wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or operating frequency band. For ease of understanding, the medium wavelength mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be simply calculated using the relative permittivity of the medium filling one or more sides of the radiator.

[0098] The limitations mentioned in the embodiments of this application, such as parallel, perpendicular, and identical (e.g., identical length, identical width, etc.), are all relative to the current technological level, and not absolute and strict definitions in a mathematical sense. For example, there may be a predetermined angle (e.g., ±5°, ±10°) deviation between two mutually parallel or perpendicular antenna elements.

[0099] Antenna system efficiency (total efficiency): refers to the ratio of input power to output power at the antenna port.

[0100] Antenna radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated into space by an antenna (i.e., the power effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the active power input to the antenna. Active power input to the antenna = antenna input power - loss power; loss power mainly includes return loss power and ohmic loss power of metals and / or dielectric loss power. Radiation efficiency is a measure of an antenna's radiation capability; metal loss and dielectric loss are both factors affecting radiation efficiency.

[0101] Those skilled in the art will understand that efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between it and dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna.

[0102] Antenna radiation pattern: also known as radiation pattern. It refers to the graph showing how the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna's radiated field changes with direction at a certain distance from the antenna. It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular planar radiation patterns passing through the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna.

[0103] Antenna radiation patterns typically have multiple radiating beams. The beam with the highest radiating intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining beams are called side lobes. Among the side lobes, the side lobe in the opposite direction to the main lobe is also called the back lobe.

[0104] Antenna return loss: This can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port after passing through the antenna circuit to the transmit power at the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the higher the antenna's radiation efficiency. Conversely, the larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency.

[0105] Antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is one of the S-parameters. S11 represents the reflection coefficient, and this parameter characterizes the antenna's transmission efficiency. The S11 parameter is usually negative. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the antenna return loss, the less energy the antenna reflects back, which means more energy actually enters the antenna, and the higher the antenna's system efficiency. Conversely, the larger the S11 parameter, the greater the antenna return loss, and the lower the antenna's system efficiency.

[0106] It should be noted that in engineering, an S11 value of -6dB is generally used as the standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -6dB, the antenna can be considered to be working normally, or the antenna can be considered to have good transmission efficiency.

[0107] Ground (ground plane): can broadly refer to at least a portion of any grounding layer, ground plane, or grounding metal layer within an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or at least a portion of any combination of any of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding components. "Ground" can be used for grounding components within an electronic device. In one embodiment, "ground" can be the grounding layer of a circuit board in an electronic device, or a grounding metal layer formed by a ground plane formed within the frame of the electronic device or a metal film formed beneath the screen. In one embodiment, the circuit board can be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-14-layer board having 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or components separated and electrically insulated by dielectric or insulating layers such as fiberglass or polymers. In one embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a grounding layer, and a trace layer, with the trace layer and grounding layer electrically connected via vias. In one embodiment, components such as displays, touchscreens, input buttons, transmitters, processors, memory, batteries, charging circuits, and system-on-chip (SoC) architectures can be mounted on or connected to a circuit board; or electrically connected to trace layers and / or ground layers in the circuit board. For example, an RF source is disposed on a trace layer.

[0108] Any of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding metal layers are made of conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive material may be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate and tin-plated copper, graphite-impregnated cloth, graphite-coated substrates, copper-plated substrates, brass-plated substrates, and aluminum-plated substrates. Those skilled in the art will understand that grounding layers / ground planes / grounding metal layers may also be made of other conductive materials.

[0109] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0110] The wearable device provided in this application can be a portable device or a device that can be integrated into a user's clothing or accessories. The wearable device has computing capabilities and can connect to mobile phones and various terminal devices. Exemplarily, the wearable device can be a watch, smart wristband, portable music player, health monitoring device, computing or gaming device, smartphone, accessory, etc. In some embodiments, the wearable device is a smartwatch that can be worn around a user's wrist.

[0111] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the wearable device provided in this application. In some embodiments, the wearable device may be a watch or a bracelet.

[0112] refer to Figure 1 The wearable device 100 includes a main body 101 and one or more wristbands 102. Figure 1 (A portion of the wristband 102 is shown in the image). The wristband 102 is fixedly connected to the main body 101 and can be wrapped around the wrist, arm, leg, or other part of the body to secure the wearable device to the user. The main body 101, as the central element of the wearable device 100, may include a metal frame 180 and a screen 140. The metal frame 180 may surround the wearable device as part of its appearance, enclosing the screen 140 and bezel 141. The edge of the bezel 141 is adjacent to and fixed to the metal frame 180, and the screen 140 may be disposed within the space enclosed by the bezel 141. The screen 140 and the bezel 141 form the surface of the main body 101. A receiving space is formed between the metal frame 180 and the screen 140 to accommodate a combination of multiple electronic components to achieve various functions of the wearable device 100. The main body 101 also includes an input device 120, and the space between the metal frame 180 and the screen 140 can accommodate a portion of the input device 120. The exposed portion of the input device 120 is easily accessible to the user.

[0113] It is understood that the metal frame 180 of the wearable device in this embodiment can be circular, square, polygonal, or other regular or irregular shapes, and is not limited here. For the sake of brevity, the following embodiment uses a circular metal frame 180 as an example for illustration.

[0114] The screen 140 and bezel 141, serving as surfaces of the body 101, act as protective plates for the body 101 to prevent exposed components housed within the metal frame 180 from being damaged. For example, the bezel 141 may be made of ceramic material, providing good protection for the body 101 while enhancing its aesthetics. For example, the screen 140 may include a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a protective element covering the display surface; the protective element may be sapphire crystal, glass, plastic, or other materials.

[0115] Users can interact with wearable device 100 through screen 140. For example, screen 140 can receive user input and make corresponding outputs in response to the input. For instance, users can select (or otherwise open, edit, etc.) a graphic by touching or pressing a graphic location on screen 140.

[0116] Input device 120 is attached to the outside of metal frame 180 and extends into the interior of metal frame 180. In some embodiments, input device includes a connected head 121 and a lever 122. Lever 122 extends into housing 180, and head 121 protrudes from housing 180, serving as a contact part with the user to allow the user to contact the input device and receive user input operations by rotating, translating, tilting, or pressing head 121. When the user operates head 121, lever 122 can move with head 121. It is understood that head 121 can be of any shape, for example, head 121 can be cylindrical. It is understood that rotatable input device 120 can be referred to as a button, and in embodiments where wearable device 100 is a watch, rotatable input device 120 can form the crown of the watch, referred to as crown.

[0117] Wearable device 100 includes a button 1202, which, as an example of input device 120, allows a user to press, move, or tilt the button 1202 to perform input operations. Exemplarily, the button 1202 may be mounted on the side 180-A of a metal frame 180, with a portion of the button 1202 exposed and another portion extending from the side of the metal frame 180 toward the interior of the housing 180 (not shown). Exemplarily, the button 1202 may also be located on the head 121 of a button 1201, allowing for both rotation and pressing operations. Exemplarily, the button 1202 may also be located on the top surface of the main body 101 where a display screen 140 is mounted.

[0118] Continue to refer to Figure 1In other embodiments, the wearable device 100 may include a button 1201 and a key 1202. The button 1201 and key 1202 may be disposed on the same surface of the metal frame 180, for example, both on the same side of the metal frame 180. Alternatively, the button 1201 and key 1202 may be disposed on different surfaces of the metal frame 180. This application does not impose any limitations on these embodiments. It is understood that the wearable device 100 may include one or more keys 1202, or one or more buttons 1201.

[0119] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0120] like Figure 2 As shown, the metal frame of a wearable device is used as the radiator of the antenna structure. By placing grounding and feed points at different locations on the frame, the antenna structure can generate radiation. However, since other electronic components need to be housed inside the metal frame, the positions of the grounding and feed points need to be adjusted according to the layout of these internal components. There is insufficient space for the antenna structure design, making it difficult to guarantee its radiation performance (e.g., bandwidth, gain, efficiency).

[0121] Furthermore, generally speaking, the antenna structure of wearable devices focuses primarily on antenna efficiency, rather than the radiation pattern in the far field. Therefore, when adding frequency bands to the BeiDou satellite system communication technology, the significant frequency difference between the transmitting band (1610MHz to 1626.5MHz) and the receiving band (2483.5MHz to 2500MHz) leads to different current distributions at resonance. Consequently, the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the transmitting band differs considerably from that of the receiving band. Figure 3 As shown. Figure 3 As shown in (a), in the transmission frequency band, the maximum radiation direction of the generated pattern points approximately 20° to the right of 0°. Figure 3 As shown in (b), in the receiving band, the maximum radiation direction of the generated pattern points approximately 45° to the left of 0°. The maximum radiation direction of the pattern generated in the transmitting band differs from that in the receiving band by approximately 55°. This will cause the transmitting and receiving bands to fail to meet the angle alignment requirements, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy of the antenna structure when transmitting BeiDou communication short messages.

[0122] The "maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern" can be understood as the direction in which the maximum gain in the radiation pattern points.

[0123] Furthermore, in Figure 2The antenna structure shown cannot meet the gain requirements of antenna structures used in the BeiDou satellite system communication technology.

[0124] Therefore, this application provides a wearable device that uses the conductive frame of the wearable device as the radiator of the antenna structure. By utilizing the relative positions of the grounding point and the feed point, the maximum radiation direction of the radiation patterns generated by different frequency bands is made consistent, so as to meet the angle alignment requirements of different frequency bands.

[0125] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure 200 provided in an embodiment of this application, which can be applied to... Figure 1 The wearable device 100 shown.

[0126] like Figure 4 As shown, the antenna structure 200 may include a conductive frame 210, and the frame 210 may be... Figure 1 The metal frame 180 is in the middle. The frame 210 can be in the shape of a ring, for example, it can be in the shape of a circular ring, a rectangular ring or other rings.

[0127] In one embodiment, a first ground point 211 and a feed point 201 are provided on the frame 210. The frame 210 is grounded at the first ground point 211 and electrically connected to the ground. The feed point 201 is used to feed electrical signals to the antenna structure 200.

[0128] In one embodiment, a first ground point 211, a second ground point 212, and a feed point 201 are provided on the frame 210. The frame 210 is grounded at the first ground point 211 and the second ground point 212, and electrically connected to the ground. The feed point 201 is used to feed an electrical signal to the antenna structure 200. The frame 210 is divided into a first frame portion 220 and a second frame portion 230 by the first ground point 211 and the feed point 201, and the second ground point 212 is provided on the frame 210 of the first frame portion 220. The length L1 of the frame 210 of the first frame portion 220 is the same as the length L2 of the frame 210 of the second frame portion 230. In practical engineering applications, the internal layout of the wearable device may cause a certain deviation between the length L1 of the first frame portion 220 and the length L2 of the second frame portion 230. Therefore, when the length L1 of the first frame portion 220 and the length L2 of the second frame portion 230 satisfy (100%-10%)×L1≤L2≤(100%+10%)×L1, it can be considered that (100%-10%)×L1≤L2≤(100%+10%)×L1 are the same.

[0129] like Figure 5As shown, the antenna structure may further include parasitic spurs 240. The parasitic spurs 240 may be annular, for example, circular, rectangular, or other annular shapes. In one embodiment, both the frame 210 and the parasitic spurs 240 are annular. In one embodiment, both the frame 210 and the parasitic spurs 240 are rectangular annular. In one embodiment, both the frame 210 and the parasitic spurs 240 are square annular.

[0130] In one embodiment, the parasitic branch 240 and the border 210 are spaced apart in the circumferential direction. In another embodiment, the parasitic branch 240 and the border 210 do not contact each other in their respective circumferential directions.

[0131] In one embodiment, the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 can be concentric rings that do not contact each other. A concentric ring can be understood as the central axis of the ring formed by the frame 210 being the same as the central axis of the ring formed by the parasitic branch 240 (the distance between the two central axes within the plane containing the frame 210 or the parasitic branch 240 is less than or equal to 5%). The central axis of the ring formed by the frame 210 can be understood as a virtual axis passing through the geometric center of the frame 210 and perpendicular to the plane containing the frame 210. The central axis of the ring formed by the parasitic branch 240 can also be understood accordingly.

[0132] In one embodiment, the parasitic branch 240 is positioned above the frame 210 (on the side away from the user when worn) in a first direction and is circumferentially spaced from the frame 210 in the first direction (the frame 210 and the parasitic branch 240 are stacked in the thickness direction of the wearable device). In one embodiment, the first direction is a direction perpendicular to the plane where the parasitic branch 240 is located. In one embodiment, the first direction can be understood as the thickness direction of the wearable device. For example, the first direction could be... Figure 5 The z-direction is shown in the figure. In one embodiment, the plane containing the parasitic branch 240 is approximately parallel to the plane containing the border 210.

[0133] In one embodiment, the projections of the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 in the first direction may partially overlap or not overlap. For example, when both the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 are annular, the diameter of the parasitic branch 240 may be larger or smaller than the frame 210, so that the projections of the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 in the first direction do not overlap. For the sake of brevity, this embodiment only illustrates the example where the projections of the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 completely overlap in the first direction. Figure 5 As shown in (a) and (b) in the embodiments, this application does not limit this and can be adjusted according to the production or design needs.

[0134] It should be understood that the aforementioned “plane where the parasitic branch 240 is located” can be understood as the plane corresponding to the circumference of the parasitic branch 240, or the surface of the parasitic branch 240 in its circumference is not a plane (for example, it is a trapezoid formed by splicing multiple planes). The “plane where the parasitic branch 240 is located” can also be understood as the plane in contact between the wearable device and the user when the user wears it.

[0135] like Figure 6 As shown, a first slit 231 and a second slit 232 are provided on the parasitic branch 240.

[0136] It should be understood that the technical solution provided in this application, by setting parasitic stubs 240 in the antenna structure that are spaced apart from and do not contact the radiator (frame 210), can generate additional resonance through the energy coupled by the radiator when it resonates, which can be used to expand the performance of the antenna structure (e.g., bandwidth, gain, efficiency, etc.). In one embodiment, when the frequency band corresponding to the resonance generated by the parasitic stub is the same as a portion of the operating frequency band generated by the radiator, the efficiency of that portion of the operating frequency band can be improved. For example, the resonance generated by the parasitic stub 240 may include a first frequency band or a second frequency band. In one embodiment, when the resonance generated by the parasitic stub is slightly lower or slightly higher than the resonance generated by the radiator, the efficiency of the radiator in this operating frequency band can be improved. For example, the difference between the resonance generated by the parasitic stub 240 and the resonance generated by the radiator can be greater than or equal to 10MHz and less than or equal to 100MHz. In addition, the parasitic stub 240 has a first slot 231 and a second slot 232, which can increase the radiation aperture of the antenna structure and improve the efficiency of the antenna structure. At the same time, the current generated by the coupling on the parasitic stub 240 can also be used to affect the current distribution on the frame 210, thereby adjusting the directivity of the radiation generated by the antenna structure (e.g., the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated in the first frequency band or the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated in the second frequency band).

[0137] It should be understood that the technical solution provided in this application, by utilizing the positions of the first grounding point 211 and the feed point 201, can adjust the current distribution of the antenna structure 200 in the first and second frequency bands. The frequency of the first frequency band is lower than the frequency of the second frequency band. In one embodiment, the first grounding point 211 can be located between the zero current point generated by the frame 210 in the first frequency band and the zero current point generated by the frame 210 in the second frequency band. Since the grounding point is usually a high current point (which increases the current intensity at the grounding location), the positions of the two zero current points generated in the first and second frequency bands can be changed, thereby bringing the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna structure 200 in the first and second frequency bands closer together. Furthermore, the second grounding point 212 can further bring the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna structure 200 in the first and second frequency bands closer together. This ensures that the first and second frequency bands meet the requirement of angular alignment (e.g., the angular difference between the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the first and second frequency bands is less than or equal to 30°).

[0138] In one embodiment, the first frequency band includes the transmission frequency band of the BeiDou satellite system communication band, for example, 1610MHz to 1626.5MHz (L band), and the second frequency band includes the reception frequency band of the BeiDou satellite system communication band, for example, 2483.5MHz to 2500MHz (S band). Alternatively, in one embodiment, the first frequency band may include portions of the low band (LB) (698MHz-960MHz), middle band (MB) (1710MHz-2170MHz), and high band (HB) (2300MHz-2690MHz) in a 4G communication system, and the second frequency band may include portions of the LB (698MHz-960MHz), MB (1710MHz-2170MHz), and HB (2300MHz-2690MHz) in a 4G communication system that do not overlap with the first frequency band. It should be understood that the operating frequency bands (a general term for the transmitting and receiving frequency bands) of the BeiDou satellite system communication technology may also include the B1 (1559Hz to 1591MHz) band, the B2 (1166MHz to 1217MHz) band, and the B3 (1250MHz to 1286MHz) band. For the sake of brevity, this application only uses the aforementioned L band (or transmitting band) and the aforementioned S band (or receiving band) as examples for illustration.

[0139] In one embodiment, the operating frequency band of the antenna structure 200 may include a portion of the frequency bands in the cellular network. In one embodiment, the feed point 201 may also be used to feed electrical signals from at least one of the frequency bands B5 (824MHz–849MHz), B8 (890MHz–915MHz), and B28 (704MHz–747MHz).

[0140] In one embodiment, the operating frequency band of the antenna structure 200 may further include a third frequency band, the frequency of which is lower than that of the first frequency band. In one embodiment, the third frequency band may include the L5 band (1176.45MHz ± 10.23MHz) in GPS. In one embodiment, the resonant frequency band generated by the one-wavelength mode of the frame 210 may include the third frequency band, the resonant frequency band generated by the three-half-wavelength mode of the frame 210 may include the first frequency band, and the resonant frequency band generated by the two-wavelength mode of the frame 210 may include the second frequency band.

[0141] It should be understood that, within the aforementioned operating frequency band, the operating frequency band of the antenna structure 200 may also include a first frequency band. This can be understood as the antenna structure being able to operate at any frequency point within the first frequency band, for example, transmitting or receiving electrical signals at any frequency point within the first frequency band. This understanding also applies to the following embodiments.

[0142] When an electrical signal is fed into feed point 201, frame 210 and parasitic stub 240 can be used to generate radiation in the first frequency band. In one embodiment, the parasitic stub 240 generating radiation in the first frequency band should be understood as the parasitic stub 240 being used to improve the efficiency of the antenna structure in the first frequency band. In one embodiment, the parasitic stub 240 generating radiation in the first frequency band should be understood as the resonance generated by parasitic stub 204 falling at least partially into the first frequency band. For example, the S11 curve of the resonance generated by parasitic stub 204 at least partially overlaps with the first frequency band in the portion below a first threshold (e.g., -4dB). It should be understood that the center frequency of the resonance generated by parasitic stub 204 can be within or outside the first frequency band, as long as the presence of parasitic stub 240 improves the radiation efficiency of the antenna structure in the first frequency band, frame 210 and parasitic stub 240 can be considered to be used to generate radiation in that first frequency band. In one embodiment, the first frequency band may include the transmission frequency band (1610MHz to 1626.5MHz) in the BeiDou satellite system communication technology to improve the efficiency of the antenna structure in the transmission frequency band, thereby improving the accuracy of transmitting BeiDou short messages.

[0143] In one embodiment, the size of the parasitic branch 240 may be approximately the same as the size of the frame 210. For example, the annular circumference of the parasitic branch 240 may be within (1 ± 10%) of the annular circumference of the frame 210. In one embodiment, the outer diameter R3 of the parasitic branch 240 may be smaller than the outer diameter R1 of the frame 210 and larger than the inner diameter R2 of the frame 210.

[0144] In one embodiment, the length L3 of the third border portion between the first grounding point 211 and the second grounding point 212 and the total length L1 of the border 210 of the first border portion 220 satisfy: (33%-10%)×L1≤L3≤(33%+10%)×L1, wherein the first border portion 220 includes the third border portion.

[0145] It should be understood that when the second grounding point 212 is located at approximately 1 / 3L1 from the first grounding point 211, the second grounding point 212 is situated in the region where the frame 210 generates a large current in the first frequency band. Setting a grounding point in the region where the large current occurs will not change the position of the large current. However, because the second grounding point 212 is located at this position, it will change the position of the zero current point generated by the frame 210 in the second frequency band, causing the maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure 200 in the second frequency band to move closer to the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated in the first frequency band.

[0146] In one embodiment, a third slot 233 is provided on the frame 210. The third slot 233 is located on the first frame portion 220 between the second grounding point 212 and the feed point 201. For example, the third slot 233 is located at the first end of the first frame portion 220, which is the end of the first frame portion 220 closest to the feed point 201. In one embodiment, the first end can be understood as including the end point and the portion of the frame that is less than a first threshold distance from the end point. For example, the first threshold can be one-sixteenth of the first wavelength, which can be the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency of the antenna structure 200, or the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna structure 200. Alternatively, the first threshold can be 6 mm.

[0147] In the above embodiment, the first frame portion 220 is described as being located on the right side (to the right of the line connecting the first grounding point 211 and the feed point 201). In actual engineering practice or application, the first frame portion 220 can also be located on the left side, such as... Figure 7 As shown. For example, if the second grounding point 212 or the third gap 233 is located on the left side (to the left of the line connecting the first grounding point 211 and the power supply point 201), the same technical effect can be achieved.

[0148] In one embodiment, the distance between the third gap 233 and the power supply point 201 on the first frame portion 220 can be in the range of 1 mm to 6 mm. In another embodiment, the distance between the third gap 233 and the power supply point 201 can be in the range of 2 mm to 5 mm. The aforementioned distance between the third gap 233 and the power supply point 201 can be understood as the distance between the third gap 233 and the power supply point 201 along the frame 210.

[0149] It should be understood that by adjusting the position of the third slot 233, when an electrical signal is fed into the feed point 201, the third slot 233 can be located in the zero-current region generated by the frame 210 in the first and second frequency bands. The slot location is typically a zero-current region (which reduces the current intensity at the slot location). Since the third slot 233 is located in the zero-current region, adding the third slot 233 does not affect the current distribution of the antenna structure 200 compared to not adding it, and therefore does not affect the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure 200. Furthermore, by setting the third slot 233 in the frame 210, the radiation environment of the antenna structure 200 is improved, allowing a portion of the electromagnetic field confined between the frame 210 and the ground to radiate outwards through the third slot 233. Simultaneously, when the operating frequency of the antenna structure 200 is lower than the first frequency band, the slot can also be equivalent to a capacitor, effectively increasing the length of the radiating element of the antenna structure and increasing the radiation aperture of the antenna structure 200.

[0150] In one embodiment, the distance d between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm. In one embodiment, the distance d between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 is greater than or equal to 0.8 mm. In one embodiment, the distance d between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 is less than or equal to 4 mm. In one embodiment, the distance d between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 is less than or equal to 3 mm. The distance d between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 can be understood as the shortest straight-line distance between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210. In one embodiment, the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 are concentric rings that do not touch each other, and the distance between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 can be the distance from any point on the parasitic branch 240 to the corresponding point on the frame 210 in the circumferential direction.

[0151] In one embodiment, the distance D between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 in the first direction is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm. Alternatively, in one embodiment, the distance D between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 in the first direction is greater than or equal to 0.8 mm.

[0152] In one embodiment, the distance D between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 in the first direction is less than or equal to 4 mm. Alternatively, in one embodiment, the distance D between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 in the first direction is less than or equal to 3 mm.

[0153] In one embodiment, the width w of the parasitic branch 240 can be greater than 1 mm. Alternatively, in one embodiment, the width w of the parasitic branch 240 can be greater than 2.5 mm. In one embodiment, the width w of the parasitic branch 240 can be less than 3 mm. It should be understood that the parasitic branch 240 can be implemented by means of flexible printed circuit (FPC), laser-direct structuring (LDS), coating, or metal plating, and the thickness of the parasitic branch 240 can be determined according to different implementation methods. Correspondingly, in one embodiment, the DC impedance of the parasitic branch 240 can be less than or equal to 0.5 Ω to minimize the loss of the parasitic branch 240. In one embodiment, the DC impedance value measured at any two points (two points not separated by a gap) on the parasitic branch 240 can be regarded as the DC impedance of the parasitic branch 240.

[0154] The distance d between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210, the distance D between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 in the first direction, and the width w of the parasitic branch 240 can adjust the magnitude of the electrical signal coupled to the frame 210 by the parasitic branch 240. When d and / or D and / or w are different values, the resonant point generated by the parasitic branch 240 will move accordingly, so that the resonant frequency band generated can include different frequency bands.

[0155] In some embodiments, the distance D between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 in the first direction may be, for example, in the range of 0.5mm to 1.5mm, or, for example, in the range of 0.6mm to 1.2mm. It should be understood that the range of distance is limited by both the product manufacturing process and the product appearance. The embodiments of this application exemplarily provide the above-mentioned distance range and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. When the product manufacturing process and / or product appearance are no longer limited (e.g., the product manufacturing process allows for a thinner parasitic branch support, and / or the product appearance allows for a thicker product), the distance between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 in the first direction may not be in the range of 0.3mm to 4mm.

[0156] In one embodiment, the parasitic segment 240 is divided into a first parasitic portion 260 and a second parasitic portion 270 by a first slit 231 and a second slit 232. The length L4 of the parasitic segment 240 of the first parasitic portion 260 and the length L5 of the parasitic segment 240 of the second parasitic portion 270 satisfy: (100% - 10%) × L4 ≤ L5 ≤ (100% + 10%) × L4.

[0157] In one embodiment, the feed point 201 is located between the projection of the second gap 232 onto the frame 210 and the third gap 233. It should be understood that when an electrical signal is fed into the feed point 201, the parasitic stub 240 resonates through coupling. The first gap 231 and the second gap 232 may be located in the region of the parasitic stub 240 where the first gap 231 and the second gap 232 are not located, causing the current strength point to shift, thereby adjusting the current distribution when the parasitic stub 240 resonates.

[0158] It should be understood that the projection of the second gap 232 onto the frame 210 can be interpreted as the portion of the second gap 232 that falls onto the frame 210 during its projection onto the horizontal plane in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane (e.g., the z-direction) when the wearable device is placed upright on the horizontal plane (the distance between the frame 210 and the horizontal plane is less than the distance between the parasitic branch 240 and the horizontal plane). Alternatively, the projection of the second gap 232 onto the frame 210 can also be interpreted as the projection of the second gap 232 onto a first plane of the frame 210 when the wearable device is placed upright on the horizontal plane. The first plane can be the plane containing points on the frame 210 that are all equidistant from the horizontal plane. In the following embodiments, the projection onto the frame can be understood accordingly.

[0159] The above understanding can refer to the case where the parasitic branch 240 and the border 210 overlap at least partially in the direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

[0160] In one embodiment, the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 do not overlap in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane. For example, viewed from a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 are essentially concentric rings, and the ring containing the parasitic branch 240 is entirely located inside the ring containing the frame 210. For example, the outer periphery of the parasitic branch 240 is located within the inner periphery of the frame 210. In this case, the projection of the second slit 232 onto the frame 210 can be understood as the portion of the frame 210 closest to the projection of the second slit 232 onto the horizontal plane when the wearable device is placed upright on a horizontal plane and the second slit 232 is projected onto the horizontal plane in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane (e.g., the z-direction). For example, when the second slit 232 is located at the 12 o'clock position on the ring of the parasitic branch 240, then the projection of the second slit 232 onto the frame 210 is the corresponding position on the ring of the frame 210 at the 12 o'clock position.

[0161] The projection of the corresponding position of the parasitic branch 240 onto the border 210, or the projection of the corresponding position of the border 210 onto the parasitic branch 240, should be understood in the same or similar way as described above.

[0162] In one embodiment, a fourth slit 234 may also be provided on the parasitic branch 240. The fourth slit 234 may be provided, for example, in the first parasitic portion 260.

[0163] It should be understood that when the parasitic stub 240 resonates, opening a fourth slot 234 on the parasitic stub 240 can reduce the influence of the current generated on the parasitic stub 240 on the current distribution on the frame 210, and reduce the influence on the maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure's radiation pattern. The projection position relationship between the fourth slot 234 and the third slot 233 in the first direction can be used to adjust the influence of the current generated on the parasitic stub 240 on the current distribution on the frame 210.

[0164] In one embodiment, the fourth slit 234 and the third slit 233 at least partially overlap in the circumferential direction. For example, the distance between the fourth slit 234 and the third slit 233 is the same as the distance between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210, wherein the distance between the fourth slit 234 and the third slit 233 can be understood as the shortest straight-line distance between them.

[0165] Alternatively, in one embodiment, the fourth slit 234 and the third slit 233 do not overlap at least partially in the circumferential direction. For example, the third slit 233 is located at least partially on the first frame portion 220 between the feed point 201 and the projection of the fourth slit 234 onto the first frame portion 220, wherein the distance between the fourth slit 234 and the third slit 233 is greater than the distance between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210, wherein the distance between the fourth slit 234 and the third slit 233 can be understood as the shortest straight-line distance between them.

[0166] In one embodiment, the fourth slit 234 at least partially overlaps with the third slit 233 in a first direction.

[0167] Alternatively, in one embodiment, the fourth slot 234 and the third slot 233 do not overlap at least partially in the first direction. The third slot 233 is located at least partially on the first frame portion 220 between the feed point 201 and the projection of the fourth slot 234 onto the first frame portion 220. The influence of the parasitic stub 240 on the current distribution of the frame 210 can be further reduced.

[0168] The coupling amount CP1 between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 is such that when the fourth slit 234 and the third slit 233 on the parasitic branch 240 at least partially overlap in the circumferential direction or the first direction, and the coupling amount CP2 between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 is such that when the fourth slit 234 and the third slit 233 on the parasitic branch 240 at least partially do not overlap in the circumferential direction or the first direction, wherein CP1 > CP2.

[0169] Those skilled in the art will understand that the amount of coupling between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 is related to the following aspects:

[0170] a) The distance between the parasitic branch 240 and the border 210 in the circumferential direction or the first direction;

[0171] b) The positional relationship between the fourth gap 234 and the third gap 233 in the circumferential direction or the first direction;

[0172] c) The width of the fourth slit 234 and / or the third slit 233; and / or

[0173] d) The number of slits on the parasitic branch 240 and / or the border 210;

[0174] When the distance between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 in the circumferential direction or the first direction is large (e.g., ≥1 mm), the amount of coupling between them may be small. In some embodiments, the projections of the fourth slit 234 and the third slit 233 in the circumferential direction or the first direction at least partially overlap (e.g., projection alignment); or the projection of the third slit 233 in the circumferential direction or the first direction falls into the fourth slit 234, which can compensate for the insufficient amount of coupling due to the large distance.

[0175] When the distance between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210 in the circumferential direction or the first direction is small (e.g., <1 mm), the coupling amount between them may be small. In some embodiments, the projections of the fourth slit 234 and the third slit 233 in the circumferential direction or the first direction do not overlap at least partially (e.g., the projections are completely offset); and / or the width of the third slit 233 is greater than the width of the fourth slit 234; and / or more slits are opened on the parasitic branch (e.g., a fifth slit is opened on the parasitic branch 240 on the side of the fourth slit 234 away from the feed point), which can reduce the excessive coupling amount due to the small distance. In some embodiments, the fifth slit and the fourth slit 234 may be spaced 15°-45° apart in the circumferential direction.

[0176] It should be understood that overlap in the circumferential direction, or projection overlap in the circumferential direction, does not necessarily mean overlap on the same plane. As long as the first position of the parasitic branch 240 and the second position of the border 210 overlap at their respective circumferential angles, it can be considered that the first and second positions overlap in the circumferential direction, or that they overlap in projection in the circumferential direction. A similar understanding should be made for overlap in the first direction, or projection overlap in the first direction.

[0177] It should be understood that in actual production or design, the relative positions of the fourth gap 234 and the third gap 233 can be adjusted according to engineering needs, and the embodiments of this application do not impose any limitations on this. For example, in one embodiment, both the third gap 233 and the fourth gap 234 are disposed in the zero-current region of the frame in the first and second frequency bands, and the third gap 233 and the fourth gap 234 are disposed in adjacent positions. For example, the distance between the third gap 233 and the fourth gap 234 is less than 2 mm, or for example, the circumferential distance between the third gap 233 and the fourth gap 234 is less than 2 mm. The circumferential distance between the third gap 233 and the fourth gap 234 can be understood as the straight-line distance in the circumferential direction between a point on the two end faces of the conductor forming the third gap 233 and a point on the two end faces of the conductor forming the fourth gap 234.

[0178] In one embodiment, the projection of the first gap 231 along the circumferential direction or the first direction onto the frame 210 is located on the first frame portion 220 between the first grounding point 211 and the second grounding point 212.

[0179] In one embodiment, the projection of the power supply point 201 onto the parasitic branch 240 along the circumferential direction or the first direction is located on the first frame portion 220 between the second gap 232 and the fourth gap 234.

[0180] It should be understood that by adjusting the relative positions of the first slot 231 or the second slot 232 on the parasitic stub 240 with the first grounding point 211 and the second grounding point 212 on the frame 210, and the relative positions of the feed point 201 on the frame 210 with the second slot 232 and the fourth slot 234 on the parasitic stub 240, the influence of the parasitic stub 240 on the current distribution on the frame 210 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure in the first frequency band or the maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure in the second frequency band, so that the maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure in the first frequency band is closer to the maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure in the second frequency band.

[0181] In the above embodiment, the parasitic branch 240 is described as having a first slit, a second slit, and a fourth slit. In actual production or application, the number of slits on the parasitic branch 240 can be increased, such as... Figure 8 As shown, by opening multiple gaps, the parasitic stub 240 can resonate in different frequency bands, thereby improving the efficiency of the antenna structure in different frequency bands.

[0182] In one embodiment, an insulating support 250 for wearable devices may also be provided between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210, such as... Figure 5 As shown. In one embodiment, the parasitic branch 240 may be disposed on the surface of the support 250. In another embodiment, the parasitic branch 240 may be embedded within the support 250.

[0183] In one embodiment, the wearable device is a smartwatch, and the bracket 250 can be... Figure 1 The bezel 141 shown is illustrated. In one embodiment, the bezel 141 may be made of a non-conductive material, such as ceramic.

[0184] In one embodiment, the parasitic branch 240 may be disposed on a first surface of the support 250, with at least a portion of the support 250 disposed between the first surface and the frame 210, to ensure sufficient spacing between the parasitic branch 240 and the frame 210. Figure 9 As shown. In one embodiment, the first surface of the support is a surface away from the interior of the wearable device; for example, the parasitic branch 240 is disposed on the outer surface of the wearable device, such as... Figure 9As shown in (a) of the figure. In one embodiment, a groove is formed on the outer surface of the bracket 250, which can be used to accommodate the parasitic branch 240, so that the parasitic branch 240 is flush with the outer surface and does not protrude, thereby making the wearable device look good.

[0185] In one embodiment, the first surface is a surface close to the interior of the wearable device; for example, the parasitic branch 240 is disposed on the inner surface of the support facing the interior of the device. Figure 9 As shown in (b) of the figure. In one embodiment, the parasitic branch 240 may be disposed between the bracket 250 and the screen 140 (the portion of the screen 140 that extends circumferentially into the wearable device and can be used to fix the screen).

[0186] It should be understood that the above-mentioned location of the parasitic branch 240 can be achieved by means of attaching patches or coating on the surface of the support, and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0187] In one embodiment, the bezel 210, the ring 250, and the parasitic branch 240 can be part of the main body 280 of the wearable device, such as Figure 10 As shown. The wearable device may also include at least one wristband 281, which can be connected to the body 280 for securing the body 280 to the user's wrist. The projection of the first slit 231 or the second slit 232 on the parasitic branch 240 in the first direction corresponds to the connection between the wristband 281 and the body 280.

[0188] It should be understood that when a user wears a wearable device on their wrist, because the wrist is curved while the back cover of the wearable device is planar, the wearable device and the user's wrist cannot completely overlap, resulting in a gap between the main body 280 and the wristband 281. The wristband 281 connects to the main body 280 along the first direction at its projection point along the first gap 231 or the second gap 232. This increases the distance between the strong current points on parasitic branches and edges (e.g., operating in the first frequency band) and the user's wrist, reducing the electromagnetic waves absorbed by the antenna structure on the user's wrist, thereby improving the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure.

[0189] In one embodiment, the frame 210 may be annular, with an inner diameter between 35 mm and 45 mm. It should be understood that when the frame 210 is rectangular or other annular, its perimeter range may be the same as the perimeter range corresponding to when the frame 210 is annular.

[0190] Figures 11 to 20 yes Figure 4 The simulation results of the antenna structure are shown in the diagram. Among them, Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the simulation results of the S-parameters, radiation efficiency, and system efficiency of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 12 These are the S-parameters of the antenna structure without parasitic stubs provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure without parasitic branches provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the frame at 1.18 GHz provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the frame at 1.6GHz provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the frame at 2.4GHz provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution in the parasitic branch provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field distribution of the parasitic branch provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 19 This is the radiation pattern generated by the antenna structure provided in this application embodiment at 1.6 GHz. Figure 20 This is the radiation pattern generated by the antenna structure provided in this application embodiment at 2.48 GHz.

[0191] like Figure 11 As shown, the operating frequency bands of the antenna structure may include the L5 band in GPS (1176.45±10.23MHz (1175.427MHz to 1177.473MHz)) (which may correspond to the third frequency band mentioned above), the transmitting frequency band (1610MHz to 1626.5MHz) (which may correspond to the first frequency band mentioned above) and the receiving frequency band (2483.5MHz to 2500MHz) (which may correspond to the second frequency band mentioned above) in the BeiDou system, as well as the 2.4G WiFi and BT bands.

[0192] Furthermore, the radiation efficiency and system efficiency at the corresponding operating frequency bands can meet communication requirements. For example, in the L5 band of GPS, the radiation efficiency is >-13dB; in the transmitting frequency band of the BeiDou system, the radiation efficiency is >-8.8dB; and in the receiving frequency band of the BeiDou system, the radiation efficiency is >-9dB.

[0193] like Figure 12 As shown, by placing parasitic stubs above the frame, new resonances can be generated (around 1.5 GHz). Due to this new resonance, the efficiency of the antenna structure near the newly generated resonance region (the transmission frequency band in the BeiDou system (1610 MHz to 1626.5 MHz)) is improved by approximately 0.8 dB. Figure 13 As shown.

[0194] like Figures 14 to 16As shown, when an electrical signal is fed into the feed point, at 1.18 GHz, the current distribution on the frame indicates that the antenna structure operates in a single-wavelength mode, corresponding to the operating mode of the third frequency band mentioned above; at 1.6 GHz, the current distribution on the frame indicates that the antenna structure operates in a three-half-wavelength mode, corresponding to the operating mode of the first frequency band mentioned above; and at 2.4 GHz, the current distribution on the frame indicates that the antenna structure operates in a double-wavelength mode, corresponding to the operating mode of the second frequency band mentioned above. In the technical solution provided in this application embodiment, when an electrical signal is fed into the feed point, the first grounding point is set between the zero current point generated by the frame in the first frequency band (1.6 GHz) and the zero current point generated by the frame in the second frequency band (2.4 GHz). Since the grounding point is usually a high current point (which will increase the current intensity at the grounding position), the positions of the two zero current points can be changed between them. The second grounding point is set in the area where the high current point generated by the frame in the first frequency band (1.6 GHz) is located. Setting the grounding point in the area where the high current point is located will not change the position of the high current point. Because a second grounding point is placed at this location, the position of the current null point generated by the frame in the second frequency band (2.4GHz) is changed, causing the maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure in the second frequency band to move closer to the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated in the first frequency band. Therefore, by controlling the relative positions between the feed point and the grounding point, the distribution of the current null points on the frame can be adjusted, thus optimizing the directivity of the antenna structure.

[0195] And, as Figures 14 to 16 As shown, in the operating frequency band of the antenna structure, the third gap is set in the current zero-point region on the frame. While increasing the radiation aperture of the antenna structure, it does not affect the current distribution, thereby reducing the impact on the resonance of the antenna structure.

[0196] like Figure 17 As shown, when an electrical signal is fed into the feed point, the maximum current point is located at the first and second gaps of the parasitic stub, while the zero current point is located between the first and second gaps. Therefore, when the wearable device is a smartwatch, connecting the smartwatch to the main body via a wristband in the area where the first and second gaps are located allows the first and second gaps to be kept away from the user's wrist when the smartwatch is worn, preventing the human body from absorbing the electrical signals generated by the antenna structure and thus improving the radiation performance of the antenna structure.

[0197] like Figure 18 As shown, when the parasitic stub resonates, by opening the first and second slots, the strong magnetic field (strong current) point generated by it is located at the first and second slots. At the same time, its magnetic field direction is parallel to the plane where the parasitic stub is located, and it has less z-axis (first direction) component. Therefore, the radiation generated by the parasitic stub is less absorbed by the user, and the efficiency of the antenna structure is significantly improved.

[0198] like Figure 19 Images (a), (b), and (c) show the one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional radiation patterns generated by the antenna structure at 1.6 GHz, respectively, which correspond to the transmission frequency band in the BeiDou satellite system communication technology. The maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure is approximately along its thickness (the first direction), and its gain is greater than 6.3 dBi.

[0199] like Figure 20 Images (a), (b), and (c) show the one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional radiation patterns generated by the antenna structure at 2.48 GHz, respectively, which correspond to the receiving frequency bands in the BeiDou satellite system communication technology. The maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure is approximately along its thickness (the first direction), and its gain is greater than 6.4 dBi.

[0200] Therefore, for the transmitting and receiving frequency bands in the BeiDou satellite system communication technology, the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna structure is basically the same, which meets the requirement of angle alignment and can improve the accuracy of transmitting short messages.

[0201] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure 300 provided in an embodiment of this application, which can be applied to... Figure 1 The wearable device 100 shown.

[0202] It should be understood that Figure 21 The antenna structure 300 shown is... Figure 4 Similar to the antenna structure 200 shown, the antenna structure 300 includes a conductive frame 310, which can be... Figure 1 The metal frame 180 is in the middle. The frame 310 can be in the shape of a ring, for example, it can be in the shape of a circular ring, a rectangular ring or other rings.

[0203] In one embodiment, a first ground point 311 and a feed point 301 are provided on the frame 310. The frame 310 is grounded at the first ground point 311 and electrically connected to the ground. The feed point 301 is used to feed electrical signals to the antenna structure 300.

[0204] In one embodiment, the angle between the first grounding point 311 and the power supply point 301 is greater than or equal to 60° and less than or equal to 108°.

[0205] In one embodiment, the angle between the first grounding point 311 and the feed point 301 in the circumferential direction can be understood as the angle θ between the line connecting the geometric center O1 of the shape enclosed by the first grounding point 311 and the frame 310 and the line connecting the feed point 301 and the geometric center O1. For example, when the frame 310 is circular, the geometric center O1 is the center of the circle; when the frame 310 is rectangular, the geometric circle O1 is the intersection of the two diagonals of the rectangle. In the following embodiments, the angle between the gaps can also be understood as the angle between the center of the two gaps and the line connecting the geometric center O1.

[0206] like Figure 22 As shown, the antenna structure 300 may further include a parasitic branch 320. The parasitic branch 320 may be annular, for example, circular, rectangular, or other annular shapes. In one embodiment, both the frame 310 and the parasitic branch 320 are annular. In one embodiment, both the frame 310 and the parasitic branch 320 are rectangular annular. In one embodiment, both the frame 310 and the parasitic branch 320 are square annular.

[0207] In one embodiment, the parasitic branch 320 and the border 310 are spaced apart in the circumferential direction. In another embodiment, the parasitic branch 320 and the border 310 do not contact each other in their respective circumferential directions.

[0208] In one embodiment, the parasitic branch 320 and the frame 310 can be concentric rings that do not contact each other. The concentric rings can be understood as described above.

[0209] In one embodiment, the parasitic branch 320 is located above the frame 310 in a first direction (on the side away from the user when worn), and the positional relationship (stack relationship) between the parasitic branch 320 and the frame 310 can be referred to the relevant description of the above embodiment (e.g., Figure 5 (The positional relationship is shown in (a) and (b) in the figure). In one embodiment, the first direction is a direction perpendicular to the plane where the parasitic branch 320 is located. In one embodiment, the first direction can be understood as the thickness direction of the wearable device.

[0210] like Figure 22As shown, the parasitic segment 320 may include a first slit 331 and a second slit 332. The parasitic segment 320 is divided into a first parasitic portion 321 and a second parasitic portion 322 by the first slit 331 and the second slit 332. The length L1 of the parasitic segment 320 in the first parasitic portion 321 is the same as the length L2 of the parasitic segment 320 in the second parasitic portion 322. In practical engineering applications, the internal layout of the wearable device may cause a certain deviation between the length L1 of the parasitic branch 320 of the first parasitic part 321 and the length L2 of the parasitic branch 320 of the second parasitic part 322. Therefore, when the length L1 of the parasitic branch 320 of the first parasitic part 321 and the length L2 of the parasitic branch 320 of the second parasitic part 322 satisfy (100%-10%)×L1≤L2≤(100%+10%)×L1, it can be considered that (100%-10%)×L1≤L2≤(100%+10%)×L1 are the same.

[0211] In one embodiment, the power supply point 301 may be located between the projection of the first ground point 311 and the first gap 331 onto the frame 310.

[0212] In one embodiment, the operating frequency band of the antenna structure 300 may include a first frequency band, a second frequency band, and a third frequency band, wherein the frequency of the first frequency band is lower than the frequency of the second frequency band, and the frequency of the second frequency band is lower than the frequency of the third frequency band. In one embodiment, the resonant frequency band generated by the one-wavelength mode of the frame 310 may include the first frequency band, the resonant frequency band generated by the three-half-wavelength mode of the frame 310 may include the second frequency band, and the resonant frequency band generated by the two-wavelength mode of the frame 310 may include the third frequency band. In one embodiment, the first frequency band may include the L5 band (1176.45MHz ± 10.23MHz) in GPS. The second frequency band may include the transmission frequency band of the BeiDou satellite system communication band, for example, 1610MHz to 1626.5MHz (L band). The third frequency band may include the reception frequency band of the BeiDou satellite system communication band, for example, 2483.5MHz to 2500MHz (S band).

[0213] It should be understood that the technical solution of this application embodiment, by setting parasitic branches in the antenna structure that are spaced apart from and do not contact the radiator (frame), can generate additional resonance through the energy coupled by the radiator when it resonates, and can be used to extend the performance of the antenna structure (e.g., efficiency and bandwidth).

[0214] It should be understood that the technical solution provided in this application utilizes the positions of the first grounding point and the feed point. The grounding point is typically a point with high current (which increases the current intensity at the grounding location). Grounding at the first grounding point can change the position of the zero point of the current generated by the second and third frequency bands on both sides of the frame, adjusting the current distribution of the frame in the second and third frequency bands. This brings the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the second frequency band closer to that of the radiation pattern generated by the third frequency band, satisfying the requirement of angular alignment between the second and third frequency bands (e.g., the angle difference between the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the second frequency band and that of the third frequency band is less than or equal to 30°). In one embodiment, based on the positional relationship between the first grounding point and the feed point, the antenna structure can have better polarization characteristics in the first frequency band (e.g., right-hand circular polarization), improving the receiving gain of the antenna structure for polarized electrical signals in the first frequency band, thereby improving the communication performance of the wearable device.

[0215] In one embodiment, the operating frequency band of the antenna structure 300 may include a portion of the frequency bands in the cellular network. In one embodiment, the feed point 301 may also be used to feed electrical signals from at least one of the frequency bands B5 (824MHz–849MHz), B8 (890MHz–915MHz), and B28 (704MHz–747MHz).

[0216] In one embodiment, the parasitic branch 320 further has a third slit 333 and a fourth slit 334. The third slit 333 may be located in the first parasitic portion 321, and the fourth slit 334 may be located in the second parasitic portion 322. The angle between the third slit 333 and the second slit 332 is greater than or equal to 55° and less than or equal to 70°, and correspondingly, the angle between the fourth slit 334 and the first slit 331 is greater than or equal to 55° and less than or equal to 70°. The parasitic branch 320 is divided into a third parasitic portion and a fourth parasitic portion by the third slit 333 and the fourth slit 334, and the length L3 of the third parasitic portion and the length L4 of the fourth parasitic portion satisfy: (100% - 10%) × L3 ≤ L4 ≤ (100% + 10%) × L3.

[0217] In one embodiment, the parasitic branch 320 further has a fifth slit 335 and a sixth slit 336. The fifth slit is located between the first slit 331 and the third slit 333, and the sixth slit 336 is located between the second slit 332 and the fourth slit 334. The angle between the fifth slit 335 and the third slit 333 is greater than or equal to 35° and less than or equal to 45°. The parasitic branch 320 is divided into a fifth parasitic portion and a sixth parasitic portion by the fifth slit 335 and the sixth slit 336. The length L5 of the fifth parasitic portion and the length L6 of the sixth parasitic portion satisfy: (100% - 10%) × L5 ≤ L6 ≤ (100% + 10%) × L5.

[0218] It should be understood that having multiple slots in the parasitic stub 320 can increase the radiating aperture and efficiency of the antenna structure. Simultaneously, the current coupled to the parasitic stub 320 can influence the current distribution on the frame 310, adjusting the directivity of the radiation generated by the antenna structure (e.g., the maximum radiation direction in the second frequency band or the third frequency band). Furthermore, having multiple slots in the parasitic stub 320 allows it to operate in higher-order modes. For example, as the number of slots increases, the resulting resonance shifts to higher frequencies. For instance, when the parasitic stub 320 has six slots, its operating mode can be a double-wavelength mode. The resonance generated in this mode is closer to the third frequency band, thus improving the efficiency of the third frequency band.

[0219] In one embodiment, the first resonance generated by the frame 310 and the second resonance generated by the parasitic stub 320 can work together in one operating frequency band of the antenna structure, which may include a third frequency band.

[0220] In one embodiment, the first resonance generated by the frame 310 and the second resonance generated by the parasitic stub 320 operate together in an operating frequency band of the antenna structure. This can be understood as the first resonance generated by the frame 310 operating in that frequency band, and the second resonance generated by the parasitic stub 320 being used to improve the efficiency of the antenna structure in that frequency band. For example, the resonance generated by the parasitic stub 320 at least partially falls within that frequency band. In one embodiment, the S11 curve of the resonance generated by the parasitic stub 320, below a first threshold (e.g., -4dB), at least partially overlaps with the operating frequency band. It should be understood that the center frequency of the resonance generated by the parasitic stub 320 can be within or outside that operating frequency band. It should be understood that the frequency of the resonance generated by the parasitic stub 320 can be adjacent to the resonance generated by the frame 310 in a third frequency band, thereby extending the bandwidth of the frame 310 in that frequency band and improving its efficiency.

[0221] In one embodiment, the frequency of the first resonance can be greater than the frequency of the second resonance. In another embodiment, the difference between the frequencies of the first and second resonances is greater than or equal to 10 MHz and less than or equal to 100 MHz. It should be understood that the frequency of the resonance (second resonance) generated by the parasitic stub 320 is slightly lower than the frequency of the resonance (first resonance) generated by the frame 310, which can better improve the efficiency of the antenna structure in the third frequency band. The difference between the frequencies of the first and second resonances can be understood as the difference between the frequency of the resonant point of the first resonance and the frequency of the resonant point of the second resonance.

[0222] In one embodiment, the size of the parasitic branch 240 may be approximately the same as the size of the frame 210. In one embodiment, the outer diameter R3 of the parasitic branch 240 may be smaller than the outer diameter R1 of the frame 210 and larger than the inner diameter R2 of the frame 210.

[0223] In one embodiment, the antenna structure 300 may further include a filter circuit 340, such as Figure 23 As shown. The filter circuit 340 is electrically connected between the frame 310 and the ground at the first ground point 311. The filter circuit 340 can be a high-pass, low-impedance filter circuit. For example, it is in an off state in the first frequency band, and the frame 310 is not electrically connected to the ground at the first ground point 311. In the second and third frequency bands, it is in a conducting state, and the frame 310 is electrically connected to the ground at the first ground point 311.

[0224] In one embodiment, the filter circuit 340 may include a first capacitor 341, a second capacitor 342, and an inductor 343. A first terminal of the first capacitor 341 is electrically connected to the frame 310 at a first ground point 311. A second terminal of the first capacitor 341 is electrically connected to the first terminals of the second capacitor 342 and the inductor 343. The second terminals of the second capacitor 342 and the inductor 343 are grounded. It should be understood that... Figure 23 The filter circuit shown is merely an example. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific form of the filter circuit 340, and it can be selected according to the internal layout of the actual wearable device.

[0225] In one embodiment, a seventh slot 302 is provided on the frame 310. The power supply point 301 may be located between the seventh slot 302 and the first grounding point 311.

[0226] It should be understood that opening a seventh slot 302 on the frame 310 can be used to increase the radiation aperture of the antenna structure 300, thereby improving the efficiency of the antenna structure 200.

[0227] In one embodiment, the distance between the seventh slot 302 and the power supply point 301 can be in the range of 1 mm to 6 mm. In another embodiment, the distance between the seventh slot 302 and the power supply point 301 can be in the range of 2 mm to 5 mm.

[0228] It should be understood that by adjusting the position of the seventh slot 302, when an electrical signal is fed into the feed point 301, the seventh slot 302 can be located in the zero-current region (strong electric field region) generated by the frame 310. Since the seventh slot 302 is located in the zero-current region, opening the seventh slot 302 will not affect the current distribution of the antenna structure 300 compared to not adding the seventh slot 302, and therefore will not affect the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure 300.

[0229] In one embodiment, the positional relationship between the first slit 331 and the seventh slit 302 on the parasitic branch 320 can be understood by referring to the positional relationship between the fourth slit 234 and the third slit 233 in the above embodiment.

[0230] In one embodiment, a first position 312 may also be provided on the frame 310. The frame 310 is divided into a first frame portion 313 and a second frame portion 314 by the first position 312 and the feed point 301. The length D1 of the first frame portion 313 and the length D2 of the second frame portion 314 satisfy: (100% - 10%) × D1 ≤ D2 ≤ (100% + 10%) × D1. In one embodiment, a first grounding point 311 may be provided in the second frame portion 314. In one embodiment, a seventh gap 302 may be provided in the first frame portion 313.

[0231] In one embodiment, the first position 312 can serve as a second grounding point, and the frame 310 is directly electrically connected to the ground at the first position 312 (without a filter circuit between the first position 312 and the ground). It should be understood that when the first position 312 serves as the second grounding point, the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna structure 300 in the second frequency band and the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated in the third frequency band can be brought closer together, and the second and third frequency bands meet the requirement of angular alignment (e.g., the angular difference between the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the second frequency band and the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the third frequency band is less than or equal to 30°). Alternatively, in one embodiment, a low-pass, high-impedance filter circuit can be electrically connected between the first position 312 and the ground. This filter circuit can be in a conducting state in the first and second frequency bands, with the frame 310 electrically connected to the ground, and in a disconnected state in the third frequency band, with the frame 310 not electrically connected to the ground. It should be understood that when a low-pass, high-impedance filter circuit is electrically connected between the first position 312 and the ground, the performance (e.g., directivity) of the antenna structure 300 in the first and second frequency bands can be improved.

[0232] In one embodiment, the first position 312 can serve as a feed point, and the frame 310 feeds an electrical signal at the first position 312. The resulting resonance corresponds to a frequency band that may include at least a portion of the ultra-wideband (UWB) (3.1 GHz - 10.6 GHz) frequency band. It should be understood that by feeding a UWB-corresponding electrical signal at the first position 312, the communication frequency band of the antenna structure 300 can be extended.

[0233] In one embodiment, the antenna structure may further include a switch, the common terminal of which may be electrically connected to the frame 310 at a first position 312, the first end of which may be electrically connected to the ground, and the second end of which may be electrically connected to the feed unit for feeding electrical signals. It should be understood that by switching the electrical connection state of the common terminal of the switch with the first end or the second end, the electrical connection state of the frame 310 at the first position 312 can be switched, thereby changing some functions of the antenna structure 300.

[0234] Figures 24 to 31 yes Figure 21 The simulation results of the antenna structure are shown in the diagram. Among them, Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the S-parameters of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the frame at 1.18 GHz provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the frame at 1.6GHz provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the frame at 2.5GHz provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution in the parasitic branch provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 29 These are simulation results of the radiation efficiency provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 30 This is the radiation pattern generated by the antenna structure provided in this application embodiment at 1.6 GHz. Figure 31 This is the radiation pattern generated by the antenna structure provided in this application embodiment at 2.48 GHz.

[0235] like Figure 24 As shown, the operating frequency bands of the antenna structure may include the L5 band (1176.45±10.23MHz) in GPS (first band), the transmitting frequency band (1610MHz to 1626.5MHz) and receiving frequency band (2483.5MHz to 2500MHz) in the BeiDou system, as well as the 2.4G WiFi and BT bands (third band).

[0236] like Figure 25 The image shows the current distribution of the frame in the first frequency band (e.g., 1.18 GHz). The current distribution on the frame indicates that the antenna structure operates in a one-wavelength mode. Figure 26 The image shows the current distribution of the frame in the second frequency band (e.g., 1.6 GHz). The current distribution on the frame indicates that the antenna structure operates in a three-half wavelength mode. Figure 27 The diagram shows the current distribution of the frame in the third frequency band (e.g., 2.5 GHz). The current distribution on the frame indicates that the antenna structure operates in double-wavelength mode. In the technical solution provided in this application embodiment, grounding at the first grounding point changes the positions of the current zero points originally generated in the second and third frequency bands on both sides of the frame. This adjusts the current distribution of the frame in the second and third frequency bands, bringing the maximum radiation directions of the second and third frequency bands closer together. The second and third frequency bands meet the requirement of angular alignment (e.g., the angular difference between the maximum radiation directions of the second and third frequency bands is less than or equal to 30°). Therefore, by controlling the relative positions between the feed point and the grounding point, the distribution position of the current zero points on the frame can be adjusted, optimizing the directivity of the antenna structure.

[0237] like Figure 28 As shown, compared to Figure 4 The antenna structure shown, by creating six slots on the parasitic stub, changes the operating mode of the parasitic stub from a one-wavelength mode. Figure 17 The current distribution shown changes to a twice-wavelength mode. Figure 28 (Current distribution shown). The resonant frequency of the parasitic stub rises to... Figure 24 The resonant point generated by the three-half wavelength mode, indicated by marker 1 at 2.37 GHz, is located adjacent to (a frequency difference greater than or equal to 10 MHz and less than or equal to 100 MHz). Figure 24 (2.46 GHz as indicated by symbol 1 in the middle).

[0238] It should be understood that when the resonant frequency of a parasitic stub is close to the resonant frequency generated by a three-half-wavelength mode, it can be used to improve the efficiency of the antenna structure in the third frequency band. For example... Figure 29 As shown, compared to Figure 4 The antenna structure shown can improve performance by approximately 2 dB.

[0239] like Figure 30 The image shows the three-dimensional radiation pattern generated by the antenna structure at 1.6 GHz, which corresponds to the transmission frequency band in the BeiDou satellite system communication technology. The maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure is approximately along its thickness (first direction), and its gain is approximately -3.62 dBi.

[0240] like Figure 31The diagram shows the three-dimensional radiation pattern generated by the antenna structure at 2.48 GHz, which corresponds to the receiving frequency band in the BeiDou satellite system communication technology. The maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure is approximately along its thickness (the first direction), and its gain is approximately 3.58 dBi.

[0241] Therefore, for the transmitting and receiving frequency bands in the BeiDou satellite system communication technology, the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna structure is basically the same, which meets the angle alignment requirement and can improve the accuracy of transmitting short messages.

[0242] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings, direct couplings, or communication connections may be through some interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units may be electrical or other forms.

[0243] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A wearable device, characterized in that, include: A conductive frame, wherein a first grounding point and a power supply point are provided on the frame; The first grounding point is used to ground the frame; The parasitic branch has a first slit and a second slit, and both the parasitic branch and the frame are annular and spaced apart along the circumference of the ring. The parasitic branch is divided into a first parasitic part and a second parasitic part by the first slit and the second slit; The frame is divided into a first frame portion and a second frame portion by the first grounding point and the power supply point. The length L1 of the first frame portion and the length L2 of the second frame portion satisfy: (100%-10%)×L1≤L2≤(100%+10%)×L1; The frame is also provided with a second grounding point, which is located on the first frame portion. The length L3 of the third frame portion between the first grounding point and the second grounding point and the length L1 of the first frame portion satisfy: (33%-10%)×L1≤L3≤(33%+10%)×L1, wherein the first frame portion includes the third frame portion. The length L4 of the first parasitic part and the length L5 of the second parasitic part satisfy: (100%-10%)×L4≤L5≤(100%+10%)×L4; The feed point is used to feed the frame, and the frame and the parasitic branch are used to generate radiation in the first frequency band; The frame is also used to generate radiation in a second frequency band, where the frequency of the first frequency band is lower than the frequency of the second frequency band.

2. The wearable device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle difference between the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the wearable device in the first frequency band and the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the wearable device in the second frequency band is less than or equal to 30°.

3. The wearable device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first frequency band includes the transmission frequency band of the BeiDou satellite system communication frequency band, and the second frequency band includes the reception frequency band of the BeiDou satellite system communication frequency band.

4. The wearable device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A third gap is provided on the frame, and the third gap is located on the first frame portion between the second grounding point and the power supply point.

5. The wearable device according to claim 4, characterized in that, On the first frame portion, the distance between the third gap and the power supply point is in the range of 1mm to 6mm.

6. The wearable device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A fourth slit is provided on the first parasitic portion; The projection of the fourth gap onto the frame at least partially overlaps with that of the third gap.

7. The wearable device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A fourth slit is provided on the first parasitic portion; The projections of the fourth gap and the third gap on the frame do not overlap at least partially, and the third gap is located at least partially on the first frame portion between the feed point and the projection of the fourth gap on the first frame portion.

8. The wearable device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The projection of the first gap on the frame is located between the first grounding point and the second grounding point on the first frame portion.

9. The wearable device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The projection of the power supply point on the parasitic branch is located on the first parasitic portion between the second slit and the fourth slit.

10. A wearable device, characterized in that, include: A conductive frame, wherein a first grounding point and a power supply point are provided on the frame; The first grounding point is used to ground the frame; The parasitic branch has a first slit and a second slit, and both the parasitic branch and the frame are annular and spaced apart along the circumference of the ring. The parasitic branch is divided into a first parasitic part and a second parasitic part by the first slit and the second slit; The length L4 of the first parasitic part and the length L5 of the second parasitic part satisfy: (100%-10%)×L4≤L5≤(100%+10%)×L4; A second grounding point is also provided on the frame; The frame is divided into a first frame portion and a second frame portion by the second grounding point and the power supply point, and the first grounding point is located in the first frame portion; The length D1 of the first border portion and the length D2 of the second border portion satisfy: (100%-10%)×D1≤D2≤(100%+10%)×D1; The angle between the first grounding point and the feed point in the circumferential direction is greater than or equal to 60° and less than or equal to 108°; The feed point is used to feed the frame, the frame is used to generate radiation in a first frequency band and a second frequency band, the frame and the parasitic branch are used to generate radiation in a third frequency band, the frequency of the first frequency band is lower than the frequency of the second frequency band, and the frequency of the second frequency band is lower than the frequency of the third frequency band.

11. The wearable device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The parasitic branch also has a third slit and a fourth slit; The parasitic branch is divided into a third parasitic part and a fourth parasitic part by the third slit and the fourth slit; The length L3 of the third parasitic part and the length L4 of the fourth parasitic part satisfy the following condition: (100%-10%)×L3≤L4≤(100%+10%)×L3, wherein the angle between the third gap and the second gap in the circumferential direction is greater than or equal to 55° and less than or equal to 70°.

12. The wearable device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The parasitic branch also has a fifth slit and a sixth slit; The parasitic branch is divided into a fifth parasitic part and a sixth parasitic part by the fifth slit and the sixth slit; The length L5 of the fifth parasitic part and the length L6 of the sixth parasitic part satisfy: (100%-10%)×L5≤L6≤(100%+10%)×L5, wherein the fifth gap is located between the first gap and the third gap, and the angle between the fifth gap and the third gap in the circumferential direction is greater than or equal to 35° and less than or equal to 45°.

13. The wearable device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The power supply point is located between the projection of the first grounding point and the first gap onto the frame.

14. The wearable device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The first resonance generated by the frame and the second resonance generated by the parasitic sapling are used to generate radiation in the third frequency band.

15. The wearable device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The frequency of the first resonance is greater than the frequency of the second resonance.

16. The wearable device according to claim 15, characterized in that, The difference between the frequency of the first resonance and the frequency of the second resonance is greater than or equal to 10MHz and less than or equal to 100MHz.

17. The wearable device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The first frequency band includes 1176.45MHz±10.23MHz, the second frequency band includes 1610MHz to 1626.5MHz, and the third frequency band includes 2483.5MHz to 2500MHz.

18. The wearable device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The wearable device also includes a filtering circuit; The filter circuit is electrically connected between the frame and the floor at the first grounding point; The filter circuit is in an off state in the first frequency band and in a conducting state in the second and third frequency bands.

19. The wearable device according to claim 10, characterized in that, A seventh gap is provided on the frame, so the power supply point is located between the seventh gap and the first grounding point.

20. The wearable device according to claim 19, characterized in that, The distance between the seventh gap and the power supply point is in the range of 1 mm to 6 mm.

21. The wearable device according to claim 20, characterized in that, The seventh gap at least partially overlaps with the projection of the first gap onto the frame.

22. The wearable device according to claim 1 or 10, characterized in that, The projection of the parasitic branch onto the border at least partially overlaps with the border.

23. The wearable device according to claim 1 or 10, characterized in that, The distance between the parasitic branch and the frame is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 4 mm.

24. The wearable device according to claim 1 or 10, characterized in that, The wearable device also includes: An insulating support, wherein the parasitic branch is disposed on a first surface of the support, and at least a portion of the support is located between the parasitic branch and the frame.

25. The wearable device according to claim 24, characterized in that, The wearable device is a smartwatch, and the bracket is the watch bezel.

26. The wearable device according to claim 24, characterized in that, The wearable device also includes a main body and at least one wristband; The main body includes the frame, the support, and the parasitic branches; The at least one wristband is connected to the main body; The projection of the first gap or the second gap onto the frame corresponds to the connection point between the at least one wristband and the body.

27. The wearable device according to claim 1 or 10, characterized in that, The frame is circular, with an inner diameter between 35mm and 45mm.

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