Airflow-mechanical seed sowing device suitable for pasture and mixed sowing method

Abstract

The invention relates to an airflow-mechanical seed sowing device suitable for pasture and a mixed sowing method. The seed-metering device comprises negative-pressure seed-metering devices (1), and the two negative-pressure seed-metering devices (1) are coaxially fixed to the two sides of a gradually-extending screw groove type seed-metering device (2) to form a seed-metering device assembly; the mixed seeding box (3) is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the seeding device assembly and is used for supplying seeds to the negative-pressure seeding device (1) and the gradually extending screw groove type seeding device (2); and the seed conveying device (4) is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the seed metering device assembly and is used for mixing the gramineous forage grass seeds and the leguminous forage grass seeds and then sowing. By applying the seed-metering device, mixed seed metering of gramineous forage grass seeds and leguminous forage grass seeds can be realized, and seed blocking is prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of planting machinery, in particular to an airflow-mechanical seed metering device and a mixed seeding method suitable for forage grass. Background Art

[0002] The existing grass mixing machinery adopts the method of first mixing the grass seeds evenly and then sowing them. Due to the large differences in the appearance of grass seeds, high-speed sowing cannot be achieved, and the precision of the mixed sowing ratio is low. The reason is that the existing grass mixing device - a pneumatic bean and grass forage layered mixed sowing device and method (CN202310957466.X) involves an air-blowing grass forage seeding device and an air-suction leguminous forage forage seeding device. The air-blowing seeding device and the air-blowing distributor are prone to seed jamming during the seed cleaning process, affecting the mixed sowing ratio. The involved air-suction seeding device is difficult to constrain the seed posture during the process of adsorbing seeds, resulting in an uneven number of seeds in the suction hole. At the same time, it does not involve a seed unloading structure, so the phenomenon of seed loss, missed sowing and uneven sowing will occur during the sowing process. Moreover, there are huge differences in the appearance and physical properties of grass seeds, and traditional seeding devices are difficult to adapt to the operation requirements of mixed sowing. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the defects existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an airflow-mechanical seeding device suitable for forage. The seeding device uses symmetrically arranged air suction cones to convey leguminous forage seeds, and a gradually extending screw groove seeding device to convey gramineous forage seeds, and mixes seeds through a seed delivery tube, so that the mixed sowing ratio and mixed sowing speed can be adjusted.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] An airflow-mechanical seeding device suitable for forage grass, characterized in that the seeding device includes a negative pressure seeding device 1, two negative pressure seeding devices 1 are coaxially fixed on both sides of a gradually extending screw groove seeding device 2 to form a seeding device assembly; a mixed seeding box 3 is fixedly installed on the upper part of the above-mentioned seeding device assembly, and is used to supply seeds to the negative pressure seeding device 1 and the gradually extending screw groove seeding device 2; a seed transport device 4 is fixedly installed on the lower part of the above-mentioned seeding device assembly, and is used to mix gramineous forage grass seeds and leguminous forage grass seeds for sowing.

[0006] On the basis of the above scheme,

[0007] The gradually extending screw groove type seeding device 2 comprises two symmetrically installed gradually extending screw groove wheels 201, and a seed diverter plate 203 is arranged between the two gradually extending screw groove wheels 201; a plurality of gradually extending screw grooves are arranged on the side of each gradually extending screw groove wheel 201; a plurality of gradually extending linear convex teeth are evenly arranged on the inner rings of two follower iron rings 202, and the shape and number of the convex teeth correspond to the gradually extending screw grooves arranged on the gradually extending screw groove wheels 201; the two follower iron rings 202 are respectively sleeved on the gradually extending screw grooves of the two gradually extending screw groove wheels 201, and are fixedly connected to the plane at the root of the gradually extending screw groove; a disc baffle 205 is fixedly connected to the other side of each gradually extending screw groove wheel 201; the seed protection device 204 is installed on the outside of the two gradually extending screw groove wheels 201;

[0008] On the basis of the above scheme,

[0009] Each negative pressure seeding device 1 includes a seeding device housing 109, a seed protection device 204 which is an arc-shaped component concentric with the gradually extending spiral groove wheel 201, and the seed protection device 204 is fixedly connected to the seeding device housing 109, and the seed protection device 204 is used to protect the seeds in the gradually extending spiral groove wheel 201 to prevent the seeds from falling from the spiral groove during the conveying process;

[0010] A cone 101 is provided in the seed meter housing 109, and one side of the cone 101 is coaxially fixedly installed with the inter-disk baffle 205; a seed disturbing groove 1012 and a suction hole 1011 are provided on the outer surface of the cone 101; a power transmission device 5 is connected to the cone 101 and drives the cone 101 to rotate;

[0011] The seed cleaning device 102 is fixedly installed in the seed metering device housing 109, and a groove is provided on the seed cleaning device 102, and the groove is used to clean the excess seeds in the seed disturbing groove 1012;

[0012] The seed filling position adjustment device 103 is located in the seed meter housing, and the seed filling position adjustment device 103 is movably connected to the end cover 107 and can slide coaxially relative to the end cover 107, and is used to adjust the size of the connection port between the leguminous forage seed box 301 and the seed meter housing 109; the end cover 107 is fixedly connected to the seed meter housing 109;

[0013] The negative pressure pneumatic device 106 includes a movable tube shaft 1061, a tube shaft fixing device 1064 is provided in the middle of the movable tube shaft 1061, and the tube shaft fixing device 1064 is fixedly installed on the end cover bearing seat 108, and the end cover bearing seat 108 is coaxially connected to the end cover 107 through the end cover bearing 1062; one end of the movable tube shaft 1061 passes through the end cover bearing 1062 and is coaxially fixedly installed with the internal sealed bearing seat 105. One end of the fixed tube shaft 1065 located inside the cone 101 is fixedly connected to the internal sealed bearing seat 105 through the sealed bearing 1063, and the other end of the fixed tube shaft 1065 is closed;

[0014] One end of the fan-shaped negative pressure device 110 is fixedly mounted on the opening portion of the fixed tube shaft 1065, and the fan-shaped arc portion of the other end of the fan-shaped negative pressure device 110 contacts the inner wall of the cone 101. A plurality of radial cavities are provided in the fan-shaped portion of the fan-shaped negative pressure device 110, and the plurality of radial cavities are used to convey airflow;

[0015] One end of the ejection, clearing and blocking air blocking device 104 is fixedly installed on the fixed pipe shaft 1065, and the other end of the ejection, clearing and blocking air blocking device 104 is in contact with the inner wall of the cone 101; the ejection, clearing and blocking air blocking device 104 is used to isolate the negative pressure area formed by the fixed pipe shaft 1065, the fan-shaped negative pressure device 110, the internal sealing bearing seat 105 and the sealing bearing 1063, and at the same time remove impurities in the suction hole 1011 through elastic force and make the seeds leave the suction hole 1011 in the ejection, clearing and blocking air blocking device area without being affected by negative pressure.

[0016] On the basis of the above scheme,

[0017] The radial cavity in the fan-shaped negative pressure device 110 is conical, with a smaller diameter near the fan center and a larger diameter away from the fan center; each radial cavity corresponds to a plurality of suction holes 1011 on the wall of the cone 101, and the generated negative pressure acts on the plurality of suction holes 1011.

[0018] On the basis of the above scheme,

[0019] The seed disturbance groove 1012 is a thumb-shaped groove, the suction hole 1011 is located at the thumb tip end of the seed disturbance groove 1012, the arc parts on both sides of the seed disturbance groove 1012 are disturbance sections, and the arc parts of the seed disturbance groove 1012 surrounding the suction hole 1011 are diversion sections; the disturbance section is used to disturb the bottom seed population to prevent the seeds from being suspended, and the diversion section is used to drive the seed population to form a circulating seed flow.

[0020] On the basis of the above scheme,

[0021] The ejection clearing and air blocking device 104 is fan-shaped and fixedly mounted on a fixed tube shaft 1065. A plurality of holes are provided in the fan-shaped arc part, each of which is provided with a spring 1041 and a ball head pin 1042. One end of the spring 1041 is fixedly connected to the ball head pin 1042, and the other end of the spring 1041 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the hole. The ball head pin 1042 can be extended from the hole driven by the spring 1041 to clear seeds and foreign particles in the suction hole 1011.

[0022] On the basis of the above scheme,

[0023] The mixed seeding box 3 includes a grass seed box 302, and a leguminous grass seed box 301 is fixedly installed on both sides of the grass seed box 302. The grass seed box 302 is installed at a tangent position to the gradually extending screw groove type seeding device 2; a seed box adjustment plate 303 is provided in the grass seed box 302, and the seed box adjustment plate 303 can move in the grass seed box 302 to adjust the size of the grass seed filling area.

[0024] On the basis of the above scheme,

[0025] The seed delivery device 4 includes an inoculation device II 402, and an inoculation device I 401 is fixedly installed on both sides of the inoculation device II 402. The inoculation device II 402 and the inoculation device I 401 are respectively installed below the gradually extending screw groove type seeding device 2 and the negative pressure seeding device 1; two "Y"-shaped seed delivery tubes are installed below the inoculation device I 401 and the inoculation device II 402, and are used to mix the leguminous forage seeds and gramineous forage seeds discharged by the gradually extending screw groove type seeding device 2 and the negative pressure seeding device 1 for sowing.

[0026] Another object of the present invention is to provide a mixed broadcasting method.

[0027] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0028] A mixed broadcast method, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0029] Step 1, placing leguminous grass seeds in two leguminous grass seed boxes 301, and placing gramineous grass seeds in gramineous grass seed box 302;

[0030] Step 2, start the seed metering device, the cone 101 and the gradually extending screw groove wheel 201 rotate under the drive of the power device 5; use the fan to provide negative pressure to the negative pressure area in the cone 101 of the negative pressure seed metering device 1 through the movable pipe shaft 1061, and the leguminous forage seeds fall from the leguminous forage seed box 301 to the wall of the cone 101 as the cone 101 rotates, and are adsorbed on the suction holes 1011 provided on the wall of the cone 101;

[0031] Step 3, when the leguminous forage seeds 1011 rotate with the cone 101 into the ejection clearing and blocking device 104, the negative pressure formed is blocked by the ejection clearing and blocking device 104, and at the same time, the ball head ejector 1042 in the ejection clearing and blocking device 104 is driven by the spring 1041 to eject the leguminous forage seeds into the inoculation device I 401;

[0032] Step 4, the grass seeds enter the progressively extending screw groove of the progressively extending screw groove wheel 201 of the progressively extending screw groove type seeding device 2 from the grass seed box 302, and then fall into the inoculation device II 402 as the progressively extending screw groove wheel 201 rotates;

[0033] Step 5: Leguminosae forage seeds and Gramineae forage seeds are mixed in the seed delivery pipe 403 and discharged to complete mixed seeding.

[0034] The airflow-mechanical seed metering device and mixed seeding method suitable for forage grass described in the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0035] (1) The seeding device of the present invention combines a pneumatic seeding device with a mechanical seeding device to achieve mixed seeding of grass seeds and legume seeds. Legume seeds use an air-suction cone to achieve high-speed sowing of small-particle seeds, and use airflow to sow seeds without direct contact with seeds, so the seed damage rate is low; Gramineous grass seeds use a progressively extending screw groove seeding device to achieve uniform seed delivery.

[0036] (2) The mixed sowing ratio adjustment method of the present invention can adjust the mixed sowing ratio of two kinds of seeds by translating the seed box adjustment plate in the grass seed box, which can adapt to different operation requirements.

[0037] (3) The seed disturbance groove and the involute groove wheel device in the seed metering device of the present invention can reduce the seed damage rate and achieve stable seed delivery. The seed disturbance groove can make the seed population in the seed filling area have better fluidity, reduce the friction within the seed population, and avoid the phenomenon of seed leakage caused by the seeds being suspended; and the involute groove can discharge the seeds evenly without the problem of seed jamming.

[0038] (4) The ejection clearing and blocking device in the seed metering device of the present invention can quickly clear leguminous forage seeds in the seed clearing area, and at the same time clear the impurity particles in the suction hole, which can effectively prevent the device from being blocked. The designed fan-shaped negative pressure device can concentrate the negative pressure area in the seed suction area, reduce energy consumption and improve the seed adsorption efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] The present invention has the following accompanying drawings:

[0040] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the seed metering device of the present invention (part of the seed metering device housing is removed);

[0041] Figure 2 This is an assembly diagram of the seed metering device of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the negative pressure seeding device in the seeding device of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the gradually extending screw groove type seeding device in the seeding device of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the mixed seeding box in the seed metering device of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the seed feeding device in the seed metering device of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of a power device in the seed metering device of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the ejection, clearing and air blocking device in the seed metering device of the present invention;

[0048] Fig. 9 This is a structural diagram of the fan-shaped negative pressure device in the seed metering device of the present invention;

[0049] Fig.10 It is an exploded view of the gradually extending screw groove type seeding device in the seeding device of the present invention;

[0050] Fig.11 FIG1 is an installation diagram of the local components of the seed metering device according to the present invention;

[0051] Fig.12 FIG. II is an installation diagram of the local components of the seed metering device of the present invention;

[0052] Fig.13 FIG. III is an installation diagram of the local components of the seed metering device of the present invention;

[0053] Fig.14 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the seed cleaning device and the cone cylinder according to the present invention;

[0054] Fig.15 This is a cross-sectional view of the main structure of the seed metering device of the present invention (showing the fan-shaped negative pressure area);

[0055] Fig.16 This is a detailed structural diagram of the seed disturbance trough described in the present invention.

[0056] In the figure:

[0057] 1. Negative pressure seeding device; 101. Cone; 1011. Suction hole; 1012. Seed disturbing groove; 102. Seed cleaning device; 103. Seed filling position adjustment device; 104. Ejection clearing and blocking device; 1041. Spring; 1042. Ball head thimble; 105. Internal sealed bearing seat; 106. Negative pressure pneumatic device; 1061. Movable pipe shaft; 1062. End cover bearing; 1063. Sealed bearing; 1064. Pipe shaft fixing device; 1065. Fixed pipe shaft; 107. End cover; 108. End cover bearing seat; 109. Seed metering device housing; 110. Fan-shaped negative pressure air chamber;

[0058] 2. Gradual-extending screw groove seeding device; 201. Gradual-extending screw groove wheel; 202. Follow-up iron ring; 203. Seed diverter plate; 204. Seed protection device; 205. Inter-disk baffle;

[0059] 3. Mixed seed box; 301. Leguminosae forage seed box; 302. Gramineous forage seed box; 303. Seed box adjustment plate;

[0060] 4. Seed delivery device; 401. Inoculation device I; 402. Inoculation device II; 403. Seed delivery tube; 404. Clamping device;

[0061] 5. Power transmission device; 501. Speed ​​reduction motor; 502. Driving gear; 503. Driven gear; 504. PWM speed regulator;

[0062] 6. Rack. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0064] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, an airflow-mechanical mixed seeding method and a seeding device suitable for forage grass include: a negative pressure seeding device 1, a gradually extending screw groove seeding device 2, a mixed seeding box 3, a seed transport device 4, a power transmission device 5, and a frame 6, wherein the frame 6 is used to carry a combination of other components.

[0065] Two negative pressure seeding devices 1 are coaxially fixedly installed symmetrically to the gradually extending screw groove seeding device 2; the mixed seeding box 3 is fixedly installed on the upper part of the above-mentioned seeding device assembly, and is used to supply seeds to the negative pressure seeding device 1 and the gradually extending screw groove seeding device 2, wherein the leguminous grass seed box 301 is tangent to the negative pressure seeding device 1, and the gramineous grass seed box 302 is tangent to the gradually extending screw groove seeding device 2; the seed transport device 4 is installed on the frame 6 through the clamping device 404; the two inoculation devices I 401 are connected to the negative pressure seeding device 1, and the inoculation device II 402 is connected to the gradually extending screw groove seeding device 2, and the power transmission device 5 transmits power to the negative pressure seeding device 1 and the gradually extending screw groove seeding device 2 through the driving gear 502, so as to discharge the leguminous grass seeds in the mixed seeding box 3;

[0066] like Figure 2 As shown, the negative pressure seeding device 1 is the main sowing mechanism for leguminous forage seeds, including: a cone 101, a seed cleaning device 102, a seed filling position adjustment device 103, an ejection clearing and blocking device 104, an internal sealing bearing seat 105, a negative pressure pneumatic device 106, an end cover 107, an end cover bearing seat 108, a seeding device housing 109, a fan-shaped negative pressure air chamber 110, a suction hole 1011, and a seed disturbance groove 1012.

[0067] The seed meter housing 109 and the seed protection device 204 are arc-shaped components concentric with the gradually extending spiral groove wheel 201. The seed protection device 204 is fixedly connected to the seed meter housing 109. The seed protection device (204) is used to protect the seeds in the gradually extending spiral groove wheel 201 to prevent the seeds from falling from the spiral groove during transportation.

[0068] A cone 101 is arranged in the seed metering device housing 109 , and one side of the cone 101 is coaxially fixedly installed with the inter-disk baffle 205 ; a seed disturbing groove 1012 and a suction hole 1011 are arranged on the outer surface of the cone 101 .

[0069] like Figure 3 As shown, the cone 101 is provided with a seed disturbance groove 1012, which is a thumb-shaped groove, and the thumb tip of the groove is provided with a suction hole 1011. The arc parts on both sides of the seed disturbance groove 1012 are disturbance sections, and the arc parts of the seed disturbance groove around the suction hole 1011 are diversion sections. The depth of the seed disturbance groove 1012 is less than half of the minimum thickness of leguminous forage seeds.

[0070] The seed cleaning device 102 is installed on the seed metering device housing 109 through a limiting slide groove. The seed cleaning device 102 is designed with three rows of grooves for clearing excess leguminous grass seeds in the seed disturbance groove 1012. Specifically, the grooves on the seed cleaning device 102 are arc-shaped grooves facing the suction holes 1011. When there are more than two seeds in the seed disturbance groove 1012, the excess seeds will be scraped off to ensure that there is only one seed in the seed disturbance groove 1012.

[0071] A plurality of raised cylinders are provided on the side of the seed filling position adjustment device 103, and the cylinders cooperate with the holes and grooves on the end cover 107 and can slide coaxially relative to the end cover 107. The seed filling position adjustment device 103 contacts the inner arc surface of the leguminous forage seed box 301. The seed filling position adjustment device 103 is used to adjust the size of the connection port between the mixed leguminous forage seed box 301 and the seed meter housing 109, thereby adjusting the size of the seed filling area.

[0072] like Fig.13 As shown, the negative pressure pneumatic device 106 includes a movable tube shaft 1061, one end of which is driven by the power transmission device 5; a tube shaft fixing device 1064 is provided in the middle of the movable tube shaft 1061, and the tube shaft fixing device 1064 is fixedly installed on the end cover bearing seat 108, and the end cover bearing seat 108 is coaxially connected to the end cover 107 through the end cover bearing 1062; the other end of the movable tube shaft 1061 passes through the end cover bearing 1062 and is fixedly connected with the internal sealing bearing seat 105 coaxially fixed to the cone cylinder 101, one end of the fixed tube shaft 1065 located inside the cone cylinder 101 is movably connected to the internal sealing bearing seat 105 through the sealing bearing 1063, and the other end of the fixed tube shaft 1065 is closed and coaxially fixedly connected to the inter-disk baffle 205.

[0073] like Figure 2 , 9As shown, one end of the fan-shaped central angle of the fan-shaped negative pressure device 110 is fixedly installed on the opening part of the fixed pipe shaft 1065, and one end of the fan-shaped arc of the fan-shaped negative pressure device 110 is in contact with the inner surface of the cone 101, and the fan-shaped part is provided with a plurality of radial cavities for airflow conveying; the fixed pipe shaft 1065 is provided with an opening for transmitting negative pressure only in the fixed installation area of ​​the fan-shaped negative pressure device 110, and the fan-shaped negative pressure device 110 can concentrate the negative pressure on the seed suction area within its fan-shaped angle range; the radial cavity is conical, with a smaller diameter close to the center of the fan and a larger diameter away from the center of the fan; each radial cavity corresponds to a plurality of suction holes 1011 on the wall of the cone 101, and the generated negative pressure acts on the plurality of suction holes 1011, so as to achieve the adsorption of leguminous forage seeds and reduce the energy consumption of the negative pressure seeding device.

[0074] like Figure 2 , 8 As shown, the ejection clearing and blocking device 104 is fixedly mounted on the fixed pipe shaft 1065 and contacts the inner surface of the cone 101. The ejection clearing and blocking device 104 can isolate the negative pressure area (such as Fig.15 As shown, specifically, it is a negative pressure area formed by the fixed tube shaft 1065, the fan-shaped negative pressure device 110, the internal sealed bearing seat 105 and the sealed bearing 1063; Fig.15 The internal sealing bearing seat 105 and the sealing bearing 1063 are omitted, and at the same time, the impurities or residual seeds in the suction hole 1011 can be removed by the spring 1041 to drive the ball head pin 1042, and the seeds in this area are not affected by the negative pressure and are separated from the suction hole 1011. Fig.15 The seeds in the cylinder wall area on the cone 101 adjacent to the fan-shaped negative pressure area and the seeds in other areas of the cylinder wall on the cone 101 are transported by relying on the wall support force of the seed disturbance groove 1012; under the closed condition of the seed-discharging device shell 109, even if the seeds leave the suction holes under the action of centrifugal force after leaving the negative pressure area, they will eventually fall into the inoculation device after being closed by the shell.

[0075] The process of the spring 1041 driving the ball head ejector 1042 to remove impurities is specifically as follows: when the ball at the front end of the ball head ejector 1042 does not correspond to the suction hole, the ball will be pressed against the inner wall of the cone 101 under the action of the spring 1041. When the suction hole 1011 rotates to a position corresponding to the ball head ejector 1042, the spring 1041 ejects the ball at the front end of the ball head ejector 1042 out of the suction hole 1011 to remove the seeds and foreign particles in the suction hole 1011, and then the ball in front of the ball head ejector 1042 will retract to its original state as the cone 101 rotates. Multiple ball head ejectors 1042 can work in a cycle to ensure that the seeds and foreign particles in the suction hole 1011 are ejected.

[0076] like Figure 3 ,4 As shown, the gradually extending screw groove type seeding device 2 includes: a gradually extending screw groove wheel 201, a follower iron ring 202, a seed diverter plate 203, a seed protection device 204, and an inter-disk baffle 205.

[0077] The gradually extending screw groove type seeding device 2 is installed as a whole coaxially with the negative pressure seeding device 1, and the two gradually extending screw groove wheels 201 are installed symmetrically and separated by a seed diverter plate 203; a plurality of gradually extending linear convex teeth are evenly arranged on the inner rings of the two follower iron rings 202, and the shape and number of the convex teeth correspond to the gradually extending screw grooves provided on the gradually extending screw groove wheels 201, that is, they are completely consistent with the cross-sectional shape of the gradually extending screw groove wheels 201; the two follower iron rings 202 are respectively sleeved on the gradually extending screw grooves of the two gradually extending screw groove wheels 201, and are fixedly connected to the plane at the root of the gradually extending screw grooves, and can rotate synchronously with the screw grooves; the gradually extending screw groove type seeding device 2 can ensure that the grass seeds are always within the effective seed filling length of the gradually extending screw groove wheels 201 until they are discharged. Slits are opened on the seed box adjustment plate 303 and the inoculation device II 502, so that the follower iron ring 202 can pass through;

[0078] like Figure 5 As shown, the mixed seed box 3 includes: a leguminous grass seed box 301, a gramineous grass seed box 302, and a seed box adjustment plate 303.

[0079] Two legume grass seed boxes 301 are located on both sides of the gramineous grass seed box 302 and are installed symmetrically. The legume grass seed box 301 is tangent to the negative pressure seeding device 1, and the gramineous grass seed box 302 is tangent to the progressively extending screw groove seeding device 2. The seed box adjustment plate 303 can move in the gramineous grass seed box 302 to adjust the size of the gramineous grass seeding area, thereby controlling the effective seeding length of the screw groove and realizing the sowing amount adjustment.

[0080] like Figure 6 As shown, the seed delivery device 4 includes: an inoculation device I 401, an inoculation device II 402, a seed delivery tube 403, and a clamping device 404; wherein the inoculation device I 401 is connected to the seed meter housing 109, the inoculation device II 402 is connected to the seed meter housing, the seed delivery tube 403 is connected to the inoculation device I 401 and the inoculation device II 402, and the two "Y-shaped" seed delivery tubes 403 respectively mix the leguminous forage seeds and the gramineous forage seeds discharged by the negative pressure seed metering device 1 and the gradually extending screw groove seed metering device 2, and then collect them, the clamping device 404 is fixed on the frame 6, and is provided with a limit hole to fix the position of the seed delivery tube 403.

[0081] like Figure 2 , 7As shown, the power transmission device 5 includes: a reduction motor 501, a driving gear 502, a driven gear 503, and a PWM speed regulator 504; the driven gear 503 is coaxially installed with the movable tube shaft 1061 and is fixed to the cone 101 through a limiting hole, the driving gear 502 is coaxially installed with the output end of the reduction motor 501, and meshes with the driven gear 503, and the output power causes the entire sowing device to rotate; the reduction motor 501 adjusts the speed through the PWM speed regulator 504.

[0082] During operation, leguminous grass seeds are located in two leguminous grass seed boxes 301, and gramineous grass seeds are located in gramineous grass seed box 302. The seed box adjustment plate 303 can move in the grass seed box to adjust the size of the seed filling area of ​​gramineous grass seeds, thereby adjusting the discharge ratio of leguminous grass seeds to gramineous grass seeds.

[0083] After the leguminous grass seeds enter the negative pressure seeding device 1, the fan provides negative pressure to the cone 101 of the negative pressure seeding device 1 through the movable pipe shaft 1061, and the suction holes 1011 in the seed disturbing groove 1012 adsorb the leguminous grass seeds on the suction holes and rotate with the cone 101. The cone 101 is equipped with a seed cleaning device 102 to remove excess seeds in the suction holes to ensure that there is only one seed in each suction hole. When it rotates to the ejection clearing and blocking device 104, the formed The negative pressure is cut off, and at the same time, the ball-head ejector 1042 pushes the seeds out, and the legume forage seeds will no longer be affected by the adsorption force of the suction holes and will fall into the inoculation device I 401; after the gramineous grass seeds enter the gradually extending screw groove seeding device 2, they enter the screw groove and rotate with the gradually extending screw groove wheel 201. When they rotate to the top of the inoculation device II 402, the gramineous grass seeds fall freely into the inoculation device II 402, and the legume and grass seeds are mixed and discharged in the seed transport tube 403 to complete the mixed sowing.

[0084] Specifically, the movable pipe shaft 1061 forms negative pressure through an external gas source, and the cone 101 and the inter-disk baffle 205, the internal sealing bearing seat 105, and the fan-shaped negative pressure device 110 form a negative pressure chamber. The fan-shaped negative pressure device 110 includes a cavity and a gas delivery channel, which concentrates the negative pressure effect within the range of the suction holes, so that the leguminous forage seeds are adsorbed in the three rows of suction holes on the cone. The minimum diameter of the suction holes is smaller than the minimum diameter of the leguminous forage seeds. The two cones are symmetrically installed and rotate coaxially with the gradually extending screw groove wheel. Leguminosae forage seeds are subjected to gravity, the support force of the outer wall of the cone 101, and the friction of the wall in the cone. At the same time, the seed disturbance groove 1012 is added to the cone 101 to make the seed population in the filling area have better fluidity, reduce the friction within the seed population, and avoid the phenomenon of leakage caused by the seeds being suspended, thereby improving the seed filling effect. During the rotation process, the seeds are stabilized in a suction hole 1011. At the same time, a groove can be installed on the seed metering device shell 109, and a flexible sponge device can be built in to reduce seed damage during the seed transportation process.

[0085] After reaching the seed clearing area, the ejection clearing and air blocking device 104 in this area is pushed out of the suction hole 1011 by the action of the spring 1041, the leguminous forage seeds are pushed out, and the excess blockage in the suction hole is cleared, and the leguminous forage seeds are transported to the inoculation device I 401; a seed clearing device is installed outside the cone 101 to clear the excess seeds in the suction hole 1011 back to the leguminous forage seed box 301.

[0086] The leguminous forage seeds are located in the leguminous forage seed box, and the gramineous forage seeds are located in the gramineous forage seed box. They are mixed and discharged in proportion under the rotation of the negative pressure seeding device and the gradually extending screw groove wheel seeding device. The mixing ratio can be achieved by the installation position of the seed box adjustment plate in the gramineous forage seed box.

[0087] The rotation of the gradually extending screw groove wheel 201 drives the grass seeds into the gradually extending screw groove. The gradually extending screw groove type seeding device 2 will gradually discharge the seeds in the gradually extending screw groove to form a continuous seed flow, which can reduce the pulsation phenomenon and thus improve the uniformity of seeding. The seed diverter plate 203 separates the two rows of seeds and transports the seeds to the inoculation device II 402.

[0088] The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field.

Claims

1. An airflow-mechanical seed meter suitable for forage grass, characterized in that: The seeding device comprises a negative pressure seeding device (1), wherein two negative pressure seeding devices (1) are coaxially fixed on both sides of a gradually extending screw groove seeding device (2) to form a seeding device assembly; a mixed seeding box (3) is fixedly mounted on the upper part of the seeding device assembly and is used to supply seeds to the negative pressure seeding device (1) and the gradually extending screw groove seeding device (2); and a seed transport device (4) is fixedly mounted on the lower part of the seeding device assembly and is used to mix gramineous forage grass seeds and leguminous forage grass seeds for sowing.

2. The airflow-mechanical seed metering device suitable for forage grass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gradually extending screw groove type seeding device (2) comprises two symmetrically mounted gradually extending screw groove wheels (201), wherein a seed diverter plate (203) is arranged between the two gradually extending screw groove wheels (201); a plurality of gradually extending screw grooves are arranged on the side surface of each gradually extending screw groove wheel (201); a plurality of gradually extending linear convex teeth are evenly arranged on the inner rings of two follower iron rings (202), wherein the shape and number of the convex teeth correspond to the gradually extending screw grooves arranged on the gradually extending screw groove wheels (201); the two follower iron rings (202) are respectively sleeved on the gradually extending screw grooves of the two gradually extending screw groove wheels (201), and are fixedly connected to the plane at the root of the gradually extending screw grooves; a disc baffle (205) is fixedly connected to the other side of each gradually extending screw groove wheel (201); and a seed protection device (204) is installed outside the two gradually extending screw groove wheels (201).

3. The airflow-mechanical seed metering device suitable for forage grass according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each negative pressure seeding device (1) comprises a seeding device housing (109), a seed protection device (204) which is an arc-shaped component concentric with the gradually extending spiral groove wheel (201), and a seed protection device (204) which is fixedly connected to the seeding device housing (109). The seed protection device (204) is used to protect the seeds in the gradually extending spiral groove wheel (201) to prevent the seeds from falling from the spiral groove during the conveying process; A cone cylinder (101) is arranged inside a seed metering device housing (109), and one side of the cone cylinder (101) is coaxially fixedly installed with an inter-disk baffle (205); a seed disturbing groove (1012) and a suction hole (1011) are arranged on the outer cylinder surface of the cone cylinder (101); a power transmission device (5) is connected to the cone cylinder (101) and drives the cone cylinder (101) to rotate; The seed cleaning device (102) is fixedly installed in the seed metering device housing (109), and a groove is provided on the seed cleaning device (102), and the groove is used to clean out excess seeds in the seed disturbing groove (1012); The seed filling position adjustment device (103) is located in the seed meter housing. The seed filling position adjustment device (103) is movably connected to the end cover (107) and can slide coaxially relative to the end cover (107) to adjust the size of the connection port between the leguminous forage seed box (301) and the seed meter housing (109); the end cover (107) is fixedly connected to the seed meter housing (109); The negative pressure pneumatic device (106) includes a movable tube shaft (1061), a tube shaft fixing device (1064) is provided in the middle of the movable tube shaft (1061), and the tube shaft fixing device (1064) is fixedly installed on the end cover bearing seat (108), and the end cover bearing seat (108) is coaxially connected to the end cover (107) through the end cover bearing (1062); one end of the movable tube shaft (1061) passes through the end cover bearing (1062) and is coaxially fixedly installed with the internal sealing bearing seat (105). One end of the fixed tube shaft (1065) located inside the cone (101) is fixedly connected to the internal sealing bearing seat (105) through the sealing bearing (1063), and the other end of the fixed tube shaft (1065) is closed; One end of the fan-shaped negative pressure device (110) is fixedly mounted on the opening portion of the fixed tube shaft (1065), and the fan-shaped arc portion of the other end of the fan-shaped negative pressure device (110) contacts the inner wall of the cone (101). A plurality of radial cavities are provided in the fan-shaped portion of the fan-shaped negative pressure device (110), and the plurality of radial cavities are used to convey airflow; One end of the ejection-clearing-blocking device (104) is fixedly mounted on the fixed pipe shaft (1065), and the other end of the ejection-clearing-blocking device (104) is in contact with the inner wall of the cone (101); the ejection-clearing-blocking device (104) is used to isolate the negative pressure area formed by the fixed pipe shaft (1065), the fan-shaped negative pressure device (110), the internal sealing bearing seat (105) and the sealing bearing (1063), and at the same time remove impurities in the suction hole (1011) through elastic force and make the seeds leave the suction hole (1011) without being affected by the negative pressure in the ejection-clearing-blocking device area.

4. The airflow-mechanical seed metering device suitable for pasture as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The radial cavity in the fan-shaped negative pressure device (110) is conical, with a smaller diameter close to the fan-shaped center and a larger diameter away from the fan-shaped center; each radial cavity corresponds to a plurality of suction holes (1011) on the wall of the cone cylinder (101), and the generated negative pressure acts on the plurality of suction holes (1011).

5. The airflow-mechanical seed metering device suitable for forage grass as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The seed disturbance groove (1012) is a thumb-shaped groove, the suction hole (1011) is located at the thumb tip end of the seed disturbance groove (1012), the arc parts on both sides of the seed disturbance groove (1012) are disturbance sections, and the arc part of the seed disturbance groove (1012) surrounding the suction hole (1011) is a diversion section; the disturbance section is used to disturb the bottom seed population to prevent the seeds from being suspended, and the diversion section is used to drive the seed population to form a circulating seed flow.

6. The airflow-mechanical seed metering device suitable for pasture as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The ejection clearing and blocking device (104) is fan-shaped and fixedly mounted on a fixed pipe shaft (1065). A plurality of holes are provided in the fan-shaped arc portion. A spring (1041) and a ball head ejector pin (1042) are provided in each hole. One end of the spring (1041) is fixedly connected to the ball head ejector pin (1042), and the other end of the spring (1041) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the hole. The ball head ejector pin (1042) can be extended from the hole under the drive of the spring (1041) to clear seeds and foreign particles in the suction hole (1011).

7. The airflow-mechanical seed metering device suitable for forage grass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mixed seeding box (3) comprises a gramineous grass seed box (302), a leguminous grass seed box (301) being fixedly mounted on each side of the gramineous grass seed box (302), and the gramineous grass seed box (302) being mounted at a position tangent to the gradually extending screw groove type seeding device (2); a seed box adjustment plate (303) is arranged in the gramineous grass seed box (302), and the seed box adjustment plate (303) can move in the gramineous grass seed box (302) and is used to adjust the size of the gramineous grass seeding area.

8. The airflow-mechanical seed metering device suitable for forage grass as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The seed delivery device (4) comprises an inoculation device II (402), and an inoculation device I (401) is fixedly installed on both sides of the inoculation device II (402), and the inoculation device II (402) and the inoculation device I (401) are respectively installed below the gradually extending screw groove type seeding device (2) and the negative pressure seeding device (1); two "Y"-shaped seed delivery tubes are installed below the inoculation device I (401) and the inoculation device II (402), and are used to mix the leguminous forage seeds and the gramineous forage seeds discharged by the gradually extending screw groove type seeding device (2) and the negative pressure seeding device (1) for sowing.

9. A mixed broadcast method, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1, placing leguminous grass seeds in two leguminous grass seed boxes (301), and placing gramineous grass seeds in a gramineous grass seed box (302); Step 2, starting the seed metering device, the cone (101) and the gradually extending screw groove wheel (201) rotate under the drive of the power device (5); using a fan to provide negative pressure to the negative pressure area in the cone (101) of the negative pressure seed metering device (1) through the movable pipe shaft (1061), the leguminous forage seeds fall from the leguminous forage seed box (301) to the wall of the cone (101) as the cone (101) rotates, and are adsorbed on the suction holes (1011) provided on the wall of the cone (101); Step 3, when the leguminous forage seeds (1011) rotate with the cone (101) into the ejection, clearing, and blocking device (104), the negative pressure formed is blocked by the ejection, clearing, and blocking device (104), and at the same time, the ball head ejector (1042) in the ejection, clearing, and blocking device (104) is driven by the spring (1041) to eject the leguminous forage seeds into the inoculation device I (401); Step 4, the grass seeds enter the progressively extending screw groove of the progressively extending screw groove wheel (201) of the progressively extending screw groove type seeding device (2) from the grass seed box (302), and then fall into the inoculation device II (402) as the progressively extending screw groove wheel 201 rotates; Step 5: Leguminosae forage seeds and Gramineae forage seeds are mixed in the seed delivery pipe (403) and discharged to complete mixed seeding.

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