A liquid hydrogen filling system

Abstract

The application discloses a liquid hydrogen filling system, comprising a liquid hydrogen vehicle and a liquid hydrogen filling machine, a vehicle-mounted end excitation output coil is arranged at a filling inlet of the liquid hydrogen vehicle, a vehicle-mounted end control unit of the liquid hydrogen vehicle is electrically connected with a data coding circuit, and the data coding circuit is electrically connected with the vehicle-mounted end excitation output coil; a filling end data receiving coil is arranged on a hydrogen filling gun of the liquid hydrogen filling machine, the filling end data receiving coil is electrically connected with a data decoding circuit, the data decoding circuit is electrically connected with a filling end control unit, and the filling end data receiving coil is adapted to the vehicle-mounted end excitation output coil. The application has the beneficial effects that: magnetic field induction is carried out between the filling end and the vehicle-mounted end coil, a processing circuit (an integrated chip and other electronic elements) is installed at a position far away from a hydrogen filling gun nozzle, inductive transmission of data information in the filling process is realized, and the limitation that the processing circuit cannot be arranged at the low-temperature hydrogen filling gun nozzle is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of hydrogen energy application technology, specifically relating to a liquid hydrogen refueling system. Background Technology

[0002] Liquid hydrogen is a high-energy, clean fuel, primarily used as a rocket propellant in the aerospace field and a crucial component of hydrogen energy applications. It holds immense potential in future transportation sectors such as aviation and heavy-duty trucks, but its storage and transportation are key to its application. Currently, the refueling and use of liquid hydrogen faces the following problems: A. Cumbersome Connection: 1. Connecting the liquid hydrogen dispenser to the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank requires not only a mechanical connection but also a communication line to obtain real-time information such as pressure and level of the liquid hydrogen tank during the dispensing process. However, this method significantly reduces the vehicle's dispensing efficiency; 2. The boiling point of liquid hydrogen at atmospheric pressure is -252.87℃. Therefore, due to temperature limitations, installing an infrared transceiver module at the nozzle of the hydrogen dispensing gun (the way high-pressure gaseous hydrogen dispensers exchange data with gas cylinders is by installing infrared receiving and transmitting modules at the hydrogen dispensing gun and the vehicle's dispensing port) can no longer achieve data transmission.

[0003] B. Difficulty in recovering and utilizing positive hydrogen: 1. The content of secondary hydrogen in liquid hydrogen is usually above 95%. If the insulation of the storage tank is not good, the heat released during the conversion of positive hydrogen to secondary hydrogen will cause the temperature of the cryogenic storage tank to rise further; 2. The proportion of secondary hydrogen in gaseous hydrogen is about 25%, and the proportion of positive hydrogen is about 75%; 3. The conversion of positive hydrogen to secondary hydrogen is often carried out using catalytic conversion, which can accelerate the conversion. However, at low temperatures, the conversion of positive hydrogen to secondary hydrogen is very slow and is accompanied by exothermic reactions, which will further lead to the conversion of secondary hydrogen to positive hydrogen; 4. It is unwise to recover the gaseous hydrogen in the gas phase space of the on-board hydrogen storage tank to the station's liquid hydrogen storage tank; 5. It is a wise choice to recover the gas phase space in the on-board hydrogen storage tank to the station's gaseous storage tank for use by high-pressure hydrogen refueling equipment. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a liquid hydrogen refueling system that solves the problem of data transmission during the liquid hydrogen refueling process.

[0005] The objective of this application is achieved through the following technical solution: A liquid hydrogen refueling system includes a liquid hydrogen vehicle and a liquid hydrogen refueling machine. The liquid hydrogen vehicle has an on-board excitation output coil at its refueling port. The on-board control unit of the liquid hydrogen vehicle is electrically connected to a data encoding circuit, and the data encoding circuit is electrically connected to the on-board excitation output coil. The refueling nozzle of the liquid hydrogen refueling machine has a refueling end data receiving coil, which is electrically connected to a data decoding circuit. The data decoding circuit is electrically connected to the refueling end control unit, and the refueling end data receiving coil is adapted to the on-board excitation output coil.

[0006] Furthermore, the liquid hydrogen vehicle is equipped with an on-board receiving coil at the injection port, which is electrically connected to the on-board control unit. The liquid hydrogen refueling machine is equipped with a refueling end excitation output coil on the refueling nozzle, which is electrically connected to the refueling end control unit. The on-board receiving coil is adapted to the refueling end excitation output coil. The liquid hydrogen refueling machine is equipped with a nozzle lifting sensor at the refueling nozzle, which is electrically connected to the refueling end control unit.

[0007] Furthermore, it also includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank, which is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline and the circulation pipeline. The front section of the liquid outlet pipeline is equipped with a hydrogen pump, and the middle and rear sections of the liquid outlet pipeline flow through the interior of the liquid hydrogen dispenser. The middle section of the liquid outlet pipeline is equipped with a proportional adjustment module, and the outlet of the liquid outlet pipeline is connected to the hydrogen dispensing gun.

[0008] Furthermore, the hydrogen pump is a plunger pump.

[0009] Furthermore, the proportional control module includes a proportional control valve and a first pressure transmitter, which are sequentially arranged on the liquid outlet pipeline along the flow direction.

[0010] Furthermore, the proportional control module includes an outlet control valve, a second pressure transmitter, a proportional control pipeline, and a regulating control valve. The second pressure transmitter and the outlet control valve are sequentially arranged on the outlet pipeline along the flow direction. The proportional control pipeline is connected in parallel to the outlet control valve section of the outlet pipeline, and the regulating control valve is located on the proportional control pipeline.

[0011] Furthermore, the downstream section of the liquid outlet pipeline is sequentially equipped with a flow meter, a third pressure transmitter, and a first temperature transmitter along the flow direction.

[0012] Furthermore, a second temperature transmitter and a fourth pressure transmitter are sequentially installed at the front end of the circulation pipeline along the flow direction.

[0013] Furthermore, the middle and rear sections of the liquid outlet pipeline are connected to the recovery pipeline, and the recovery pipeline is connected to the gaseous buffer tank.

[0014] Furthermore, the gaseous buffer tank is connected to the gaseous hydrogen refueling system.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this application are: (1) Magnetic field induction is performed between the refueling end and the vehicle-mounted end coil. The processing circuit (integrated chip and other electronic components) is installed in a position far away from the hydrogen refueling nozzle, so as to realize the seamless transmission of data information during the refueling process and avoid the limitation that the processing circuit cannot be arranged at the low temperature of the hydrogen refueling nozzle.

[0016] (2) The gaseous hydrogen storage cylinder realizes the recovery of gaseous hydrogen in the on-board hydrogen storage cylinder, and then realizes the utilization of the recovered hydrogen through the gaseous hydrogen refueling system, which simplifies the difficulty of hydrogen recovery and avoids the conversion process of positive hydrogen to secondary hydrogen in the process of gaseous hydrogen to liquid hydrogen recovery, achieving two goals at once.

[0017] The aforementioned main solution and its various further alternatives can be freely combined to form multiple solutions, all of which are solutions that can be adopted and claimed in this application; furthermore, the (non-conflicting alternatives) can also be freely combined with each other and with other alternatives. Those skilled in the art, after understanding this solution, will realize from the prior art and common general knowledge that there are many combinations, all of which are technical solutions to be protected in this application, and will not be exhaustively listed here. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of this application.

[0019] Figure 2 This is the process flow diagram of this application.

[0020] In the diagram: 01-Data encoding circuit, 02-Vehicle-side excitation output coil, 03-Vehicle-side receiving coil, 04-Refueling-side data receiving coil, 05-Refueling-side excitation output coil, 06-Data decoding circuit; 1-Liquid hydrogen storage tank, 2-Liquid outlet pipeline, 3-Liquid outlet valve, 4-Hydrogen pump, 5-Proportional regulating valve, 6-Liquid outlet control valve, 7-First pressure transmitter, 8-Second pressure transmitter, 9-Proportional regulating pipeline, 10-Regulating control valve, 11-Flow meter, 12-Third pressure transmitter, 13-First temperature transmitter, 14-Liquid outlet, 15-Circulation pipeline, 16-Circulation valve, 17-Fourth pressure transmitter, 18-Second temperature transmitter, 19-Circulation port, 20-Recovery pipeline, 21-Recovery control valve, 22-Gaseous buffer tank, 23-Gaseous hydrogen refueling system. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present application will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0022] Example 1 refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a liquid hydrogen refueling system includes a liquid hydrogen vehicle and a liquid hydrogen refueling machine.

[0023] The liquid hydrogen vehicle has an on-board excitation output coil 02 at the filling port. The on-board control unit of the liquid hydrogen vehicle is electrically connected to the data encoding circuit 01, and the data encoding circuit 01 is electrically connected to the on-board excitation output coil 02. The on-board control unit transmits the monitored data (temperature, pressure, and liquid level, etc.) of the hydrogen storage tank to the data encoding circuit 01. The data encoding circuit 01 encodes the data and then sends it out in the form of a changing magnetic field through the on-board excitation output coil 02.

[0024] The liquid hydrogen refueling machine's refueling nozzle is equipped with a refueling-end data receiving coil 04. This coil is electrically connected to a data decoding circuit 06, which in turn is electrically connected to the refueling-end control unit. The refueling-end data receiving coil 04 is also compatible with the vehicle-mounted excitation output coil 02. The refueling-end data receiving coil 04 senses the changing magnetic field of the vehicle-mounted excitation output coil 02, generating an electrical signal. The data decoding circuit 06 then decodes this signal and transmits it to the refueling-end control unit for observation and analysis by the operator.

[0025] This method avoids the situation where the processing circuit (integrated chip and other electronic components) cannot work in low-temperature environments (below -150°C). Coils are arranged at the vehicle's filling port and the hydrogen refueling nozzle, while the processing circuit is installed in a location far away from the filling port, so as to obtain information such as temperature, pressure and liquid level in the liquid hydrogen tank without being detected.

[0026] During the refueling process, the on-board excitation circuit of the liquid hydrogen vehicle transmits the temperature, pressure, liquid level, and flow rate limits of the hydrogen storage tank through different voltage methods. The receiving circuit of the liquid hydrogen refueling machine decodes the transmitted signals according to the different voltages, thereby realizing seamless data transmission.

[0027] Appendix Figure 1 In the data encoding circuit, Pum O is the data signal of the vehicle-side control unit. Q1 is the modulation encoder for the data signal in the data encoding circuit. LO+ and LO- are the vehicle-side excitation output coils. LI+ and LI- are the filling end receiving coils. The electromotive force induced by the filling end receiving coil is converted into a pulsating voltage after passing through a diode. According to the threshold value of the subsequent stage in the data decoding circuit, the voltage is encoded as 0 / 1, thereby transmitting the temperature, pressure and liquid level limits of the gas cylinder. The system can return eight states, representing: high temperature, low temperature, high pressure, low pressure, high liquid level, low liquid level, high flow rate and low flow rate.

[0028] The liquid hydrogen vehicle is equipped with an on-board receiving coil 03 at the filling port, which is electrically connected to the on-board control unit. The liquid hydrogen filling machine is equipped with a filling end excitation output coil 05 on the filling nozzle, which is electrically connected to the filling end control unit. The on-board receiving coil 03 is adapted to the filling end excitation output coil 05. The liquid hydrogen filling machine is equipped with a nozzle lifting sensor at the filling nozzle, which is electrically connected to the filling end control unit.

[0029] A nozzle-lifting sensor is installed at the nozzle attachment point of the liquid hydrogen refueling machine. When the nozzle is lifted, it activates the refueling end control unit of the machine, activating it to exit low-power mode and simultaneously sending a pulse signal. This changing pulse signal excites a magnetic field in the refueling end excitation coil of the nozzle. When the nozzle is inserted into the receiving port, the receiving port's on-board receiving coil senses the changing magnetic field and generates an electrical signal. The on-board control unit receives this power-on pulse and establishes a communication connection.

[0030] The data transmission and communication establishment circuits are arranged at both the hydrogen refueling nozzle and the vehicle-mounted receiving port, but the excitation circuits on both sides do not work at the same time. The working sequence is as follows: the excitation circuit at the refueling end works → the receiving circuit at the vehicle end works → communication connection is established (200ms); the excitation circuit at the vehicle end works → the receiving circuit at the refueling end works → until refueling is completed.

[0031] The liquid hydrogen refueling system also includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, an outlet pipeline 2, a hydrogen transfer pump 4, a proportional control module, a circulation pipeline 15, a recovery pipeline 20, and a gaseous buffer tank 22.

[0032] Liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is used for storing liquid hydrogen. Liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is connected to liquid outlet pipeline 2 and circulation pipeline 15 respectively. Liquid hydrogen is output to the outside through liquid outlet pipeline 2 and circulated through circulation pipeline 15. The pipeline is pre-cooled before liquid hydrogen is added.

[0033] The front section of the liquid outlet pipeline 2 is equipped with a liquid outlet valve 3 and a hydrogen pump 4. The liquid outlet valve 3 is used to manually control the opening and closing of the liquid outlet pipeline 2, and the hydrogen pump 4 is preferably a plunger pump to provide power for the delivery of liquid hydrogen. The middle and rear sections of the liquid outlet pipeline 2 flow through the interior of the liquid hydrogen dispenser, that is, the middle and rear sections of the liquid outlet pipeline 2 and its components are integrated into the liquid hydrogen dispenser as part of the liquid hydrogen dispenser. The liquid outlet 14 of the liquid outlet pipeline 2 is connected to the hydrogen dispensing gun, and the liquid hydrogen is finally dispensed through the hydrogen dispensing gun. The circulation port 19 of the circulation pipeline 15 is used to receive the recirculated liquid hydrogen.

[0034] A proportional control module is installed in the middle section of the outlet pipeline 2 to precisely regulate the hydrogen flow rate. The proportional control module includes a proportional control valve 5 and a first pressure transmitter 7. The proportional control valve 5 and the first pressure transmitter 7 are sequentially arranged along the flow direction on the outlet pipeline 2. The first pressure transmitter 7 is electrically connected to the filling end control unit for transmitting pressure signals.

[0035] Alternatively, the proportional control module includes a liquid outlet control valve 6, a second pressure transmitter 8, a proportional control pipeline 9, and a regulating control valve 10. The second pressure transmitter 8 and the liquid outlet control valve 6 are sequentially arranged on the liquid outlet pipeline 2 along the flow direction. The proportional control pipeline 9 is connected in parallel to the liquid outlet control valve 6 section of the liquid outlet pipeline 2. The regulating control valve 10 is located on the proportional control pipeline 9. The second pressure transmitter 8 is electrically connected to the filling end control unit for transmitting pressure signals.

[0036] The downstream section of the liquid outlet pipeline 2 is equipped with a flow meter 11, a third pressure transmitter 12 and a first temperature transmitter 13 in sequence along the flow direction. The flow meter 11 can monitor the forward and reverse flow. The flow meter 11, the third pressure transmitter 12 and the first temperature transmitter 13 are all electrically connected to the filling end control unit for the transmission of flow, pressure and temperature signals.

[0037] A second temperature transmitter 18 and a fourth pressure transmitter 17 are sequentially installed at the front end of the circulation pipeline 15 along the flow direction. Both the second temperature transmitter 18 and the fourth pressure transmitter 17 are electrically connected to the filling end control unit for transmitting temperature and pressure signals. A circulation valve 16 is installed at the rear end of the circulation pipeline 15 for manually controlling the opening and closing of the circulation pipeline 15.

[0038] The middle and rear sections of the liquid outlet pipeline 2 are connected to the recovery pipeline 20. The recovery pipeline 20 is equipped with a recovery control valve 21 to control the opening and closing of the recovery pipeline 20. The recovery pipeline 20 is connected to the gaseous buffer tank 22, which is connected to the gaseous hydrogen refueling system 23. The recovery pipeline 20 recovers the gaseous hydrogen in the on-board hydrogen storage cylinder, and then the recovered hydrogen is utilized through the gaseous hydrogen refueling system.

[0039] The workflow of this application is as follows: When the liquid hydrogen vehicle arrives at the refueling station, the hydrogen refueling nozzle of the liquid hydrogen refueling machine is first inserted into the vehicle's receiving port. The return gas button on the liquid hydrogen refueling machine's keypad is pressed. The refueling end control unit sets the flow meter to reverse metering, simultaneously zeros the flow meter, and opens the recovery control valve. At this time, the positively enriched hydrogen gas in the onboard hydrogen storage tank enters the gaseous buffer tank through the hydrogen refueling nozzle, refueling hose, disconnect valve, flow meter, and recovery control valve. The refueling end control unit determines whether the pressure in the onboard hydrogen storage tank has been completely unloaded by using data transmitted between the third pressure transmitter and the liquid hydrogen vehicle via the aforementioned seamless connection link. Once the onboard hydrogen storage tank has been depressurized, the control system closes the recovery control and records the flow meter reading. The hydrogen in the gaseous buffer tank can be used to replenish the hydrogen source for the gas station's storage tank through the compression system.

[0040] Insert the liquid hydrogen refueling nozzle into the circulation port of the circulation pipeline, and press the pre-cooling button on the keypad of the liquid hydrogen dispenser. The dispensing end control unit will open the proportional regulating valve or the liquid outlet control valve to pre-cool the entire liquid hydrogen dispenser. During the pre-cooling process, the dispensing end control unit continuously monitors the temperature and pressure transmitters at the circulation port or detects the pulses from the receiving coil at the circulation port (which is an additional coil compared to the aforementioned coil). If the liquid flow meter detects flow but the circulation port does not detect a pressure increase or temperature decrease, or if the receiving coil has no pulse signal, the control system determines that liquid theft has occurred and immediately stops the circulation pre-cooling.

[0041] When the liquid hydrogen dispenser uses a combination of a second temperature transmitter and a fourth pressure transmitter, the dispensing end control unit estimates the liquid density at the circulation port using a formula based on the temperature change from the second temperature transmitter. Circulation precooling stops when the density reaches a preset value. When the liquid hydrogen dispenser uses a receiving coil at the circulation port for detection, there is no need to install a second temperature transmitter and a fourth pressure transmitter; instead, the liquid level and temperature in the flow meter are detected to determine whether circulation precooling is complete.

[0042] Once the liquid hydrogen dispenser detects that pre-cooling conditions have been met, the system closes the proportional control valve or the liquid outlet control valve to stop pre-cooling. Insert the liquid hydrogen dispensing nozzle into the vehicle's receiving port and press the dispensing button on the control panel. The dispensing control unit sets the flow meter to positive metering and opens the proportional control valve or the liquid outlet control valve to begin filling. The combined function of the liquid outlet control valve and the proportional control valve is similar to that of the proportional control valve; only one configuration is selected in the process.

[0043] The liquid hydrogen dispenser monitors the signal encoding of the receiving coil on the hydrogen dispensing nozzle in real time during the dispensing process. It uses its third pressure transmitter to determine if shutdown conditions have been met, and its first temperature transmitter to determine if the fuel temperature is within acceptable limits. The dispenser stops dispensing when it detects that the pressure limit, temperature limit, liquid level limit, flow rate limit, or pressure value has reached a preset value.

[0044] The foregoing basic examples and their further alternative examples can be freely combined to form multiple embodiments, all of which are embodiments that can be adopted and claimed in this application. In the scheme of this application, each alternative example can be arbitrarily combined with any other basic example and alternative example.

[0045] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A liquid hydrogen refueling system, comprising a liquid hydrogen vehicle and a liquid hydrogen refueling machine, characterized in that: The liquid hydrogen vehicle is equipped with an on-board excitation output coil (02) at the injection port. The on-board control unit of the liquid hydrogen vehicle is electrically connected to the data encoding circuit (01), and the data encoding circuit (01) is electrically connected to the on-board excitation output coil (02). The liquid hydrogen refueling machine is equipped with a refueling end data receiving coil (04) on the hydrogen refueling gun. The refueling end data receiving coil (04) is electrically connected to the data decoding circuit (06), and the data decoding circuit (06) is electrically connected to the refueling end control unit. The refueling end data receiving coil (04) is adapted to the on-board excitation output coil (02).

2. The liquid hydrogen refueling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid hydrogen vehicle is equipped with an on-board receiving coil (03) at the injection port. The on-board receiving coil (03) is electrically connected to the on-board control unit. The liquid hydrogen refueling machine is equipped with a refueling end excitation output coil (05) on the refueling gun. The refueling end excitation output coil (05) is electrically connected to the refueling end control unit. The on-board receiving coil (03) is adapted to the refueling end excitation output coil (05). The liquid hydrogen refueling machine is equipped with a gun lifting sensor at the refueling gun. The gun lifting sensor is electrically connected to the refueling end control unit.

3. The liquid hydrogen refueling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), which is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline (2) and the circulation pipeline (15) respectively. The front section of the liquid outlet pipeline (2) is equipped with a hydrogen pump (4), and the middle and rear sections of the liquid outlet pipeline (2) flow through the interior of the liquid hydrogen dispenser. The middle section of the liquid outlet pipeline (2) is equipped with a proportional adjustment module, and the outlet (14) of the liquid outlet pipeline (2) is connected to the hydrogen refueling gun.

4. The liquid hydrogen refueling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hydrogen pump (4) is a plunger pump.

5. The liquid hydrogen refueling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The proportional control module includes a proportional control valve (5) and a first pressure transmitter (7), which are sequentially installed on the liquid outlet pipeline (2) along the flow direction.

6. The liquid hydrogen refueling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The proportional control module includes a liquid outlet control valve (6), a second pressure transmitter (8), a proportional control pipeline (9), and a regulating control valve (10). The second pressure transmitter (8) and the liquid outlet control valve (6) are sequentially arranged on the liquid outlet pipeline (2) along the flow direction. The proportional control pipeline (9) is connected in parallel to the liquid outlet control valve (6) section of the liquid outlet pipeline (2). The regulating control valve (10) is located on the proportional control pipeline (9).

7. The liquid hydrogen refueling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The downstream section of the liquid outlet pipeline (2) is provided with a flow meter (11), a third pressure transmitter (12) and a first temperature transmitter (13) in sequence along the flow direction.

8. The liquid hydrogen refueling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The front end of the circulation pipeline (15) is provided with a second temperature transmitter (18) and a fourth pressure transmitter (17) in sequence along the flow direction.

9. The liquid hydrogen refueling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The middle and rear sections of the liquid outlet pipeline (2) are connected to the recovery pipeline (20), and the recovery pipeline (20) is connected to the gaseous buffer tank (22).

10. The liquid hydrogen refueling system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The gaseous buffer tank (22) is connected to the gaseous hydrogen refueling system (23).

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