A simulation test structure for simulating blast fracture propagation and gas escape

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of simulation test device, concretely relates to a simulation test structure of simulation blasting fissure propagation and gas dissipation, wherein, the simulation test structure of simulation blasting fissure propagation and gas dissipation includes simulation seat and sets up the cannon column on simulation seat, at least one negative pressure chamber is provided in the simulation seat, a plurality of negative pressure pipes are connected on the simulation seat, each negative pressure pipe is communicated with the corresponding negative pressure chamber, and the negative pressure pipe is connected with negative pressure equipment, the impact unit is provided in the cannon column inner bottom, the technical problem that the physical mechanism that the present blasting simulation test device cannot truly simulate the dynamic propagation of original fissure and the dissipation of blast gas along the new fissure because of single structure function is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of simulation test device technology, specifically to a simulation test structure for simulating explosion crack expansion and gas escape. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of rock blasting engineering, especially under complex geological conditions such as fault zones and well-developed joints, the energy generated by blasting often dissipates significantly through pre-existing or newly formed fracture networks within the rock mass. This leads to a substantial reduction in the effective pressure acting on the rock mass surrounding the borehole, resulting in "blasting failure" or "blank blasting," which severely impacts blasting effectiveness. However, most existing blasting simulation test devices focus on studying the blasting and fragmentation mechanisms of intact rock masses. Their structures are functionally limited and cannot realistically simulate and reproduce the dynamic expansion and penetration process of primary fractures under blasting impact in a laboratory environment, as well as the key physical mechanisms of the subsequent massive dissipation of blasting gases along newly formed fracture channels. Due to the lack of dedicated test structures that can effectively simulate fracture expansion and link it with the gas dissipation process, researchers cannot directly observe and quantitatively analyze the leakage patterns of blasting energy through the fracture network. Consequently, they cannot provide a reliable structural test platform and data support for optimizing blasting design and evaluating energy utilization.

[0003] Therefore, the inventor has proposed a simulation test structure to simulate the expansion of burst fissures and gas escape in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a simulation test structure for simulating the expansion of burst fissures and the escape of gas, so as to solve the technical problem that existing burst simulation test devices cannot simulate the dynamic expansion of primary fissures and the physical mechanism of the escape of explosive gas along newly formed fissures.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A simulation test structure for simulating the expansion of burst fissures and gas escape includes a simulation base and a gun column disposed on the simulation base. The simulation base has at least one negative pressure chamber inside. A plurality of negative pressure pipes are connected to the simulation base. Each negative pressure pipe is connected to a corresponding negative pressure chamber. The negative pressure pipes are connected to a negative pressure device. An impact unit is provided at the bottom of the gun barrel; The simulation base is equipped with a crack simulation unit, which includes multiple biomimetic crack modules that can work together. The multiple biomimetic crack modules together enclose a central crack-causing zone. The central crack-causing zone has a contracted crack stable form and an expanded crack extension form. The impact unit can drive the central crack-causing zone to transform from the crack stable form to the crack extension form.

[0006] Furthermore, the impact unit is configured to generate axial displacement under the drive of explosive energy, so as to drive the fracture simulation unit from the fracture stable state to the fracture expansion state; and the biomimetic fracture module is configured to simultaneously destroy the airtightness of the negative pressure chamber during the state transformation process.

[0007] Furthermore, it also includes a test cylinder, the gun barrel being disposed inside the test cylinder, and the test cylinder being detachably mounted on the simulation base.

[0008] Furthermore, the simulation base includes a simulation cylinder and a cover plate. The cover plate is detachably installed on the top of the simulation cylinder. The inner sidewall of the simulation cylinder is provided with multiple partitions, and each partition plate and the cover plate together enclose the negative pressure chamber.

[0009] Furthermore, the biomimetic crack module includes a fixed plate and two crack deformation components, the two crack deformation components being symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed plate; The fixing plate is fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the simulation seat, and the fixing plate is located between two adjacent partitions.

[0010] Furthermore, the crack deformation member includes a plurality of crack plates arranged in parallel with each other, and a first connecting rod is hinged to each crack plate. The center of the first connecting rod is hinged to the crack plate, and the two ends of the first connecting rod are respectively hinged to two adjacent crack plates. A second connecting rod is hinged to the fixed plate, and the free end of the second connecting rod is hinged to the slit plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the partition is made of rubber.

[0012] Furthermore, the slit plate has spikes formed on the side near the partition, and the spikes are capable of piercing the partition.

[0013] Furthermore, a sealing strip is provided between the simulation cylinder and the cover plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the gun barrel is equipped with a string of explosives.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: This application, by setting up a fracture simulation unit containing multiple biomimetic fracture modules that can work in concert, in conjunction with a negative pressure chamber and an impact unit, can simulate the dynamic expansion and penetration process of primordial fractures under blasting impact in a laboratory environment, as well as the key physical mechanism of the escape of explosive gases along the newly formed fracture channels. It intuitively presents the phenomenon of "blasting" or "blank blasting," providing researchers with a reliable structural test platform. This facilitates their intuitive observation and quantitative analysis of the leakage law of blasting energy through the fracture network, thereby providing strong data support for optimizing blasting design and evaluating energy utilization. It effectively solves the technical problem that existing blasting simulation test devices are unable to simulate the linkage process of fracture expansion and gas escape, and has significant application value and promotion prospects in the field of rock blasting engineering.

[0016] Other advantages, objectives, and features of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from practice of this application. The objectives and other advantages of this application may be realized and obtained through the detailed embodiments described below. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention after the test cylinder is hidden; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the slit in a stable state without piercing the partition, hidden behind the cover plate; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the state of the partition plate being pierced by a crack in the expansion phase, hidden behind the cover plate. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a half-section view in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the impact unit and the crack simulation unit in the present invention in a stable crack state. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the impact unit and the crack simulation unit in the crack propagation morphology of the present invention; Figure 8 In this invention Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a partial structure; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the biomimetic crack module in the present invention when the crack is in a stable state. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the biomimetic crack module in the present invention when it is in the crack expansion state. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The embodiments of this utility model will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. This utility model can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this utility model. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating this utility model and not for limiting the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0019] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0020] This embodiment proposes a simulation test structure for simulating explosion crack propagation and gas escape, such as... Figures 1 to 10 As shown, it includes a simulation base 1, a gun column 2, and a test cylinder 3. The gun column 2 is set inside the test cylinder 3, and the test cylinder 3 is detachably installed on the simulation base 1 by means of bolt connection. The gun column 2 and the test cylinder 3 are concrete structures, while the simulation base 1 is a steel structure.

[0021] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the simulation base 1 contains a crack simulation unit 4, which includes multiple biomimetic crack modules 5 that can work together. These multiple biomimetic crack modules 5 together enclose a central crack-inducing region, which has a stable crack morphology (e.g., Figure 6 ) and crack propagation morphology (such as Figure 7 ),like Figure 3 As shown, a negative pressure chamber 6 is provided inside the simulation seat 1.

[0022] like Figure 5 As shown, an impact unit 7 is installed at the bottom of the gun barrel 2. The impact unit 7 corresponds to the axial position of the central fracturing zone. An explosive string is installed inside the gun barrel 2. The blast energy when the explosive string explodes drives the impact unit 7 to produce an axial downward displacement, thereby triggering the fracture simulation unit 4 to change from a stable fracture state to a fracture expansion state, so as to dynamically simulate the expansion and penetration process of the original fracture at the bottom of the gun hole under the blast impact. When the fracture simulation unit 4 changes form, the synchronous movement of each biomimetic fracture module 5 destroys the airtightness of the negative pressure chamber 6, so as to simulate the high-pressure gas escape channel.

[0023] Specifically, in the assembled structure, the barrel 2, filled with explosive strings and impact units 7, is placed inside the test cylinder 3. After the explosive strings are ignited, they detonate sequentially from bottom to top, positioning the bottom impact unit 7 directly in front of the central fracturing zone inside the simulation base 1. At the start of the simulation test, the explosive strings inside the barrel 2 are detonated, and the resulting high-pressure explosive gas and shock wave act as the driving source, violently driving the impact unit 7 to produce axial displacement downwards. The downward-moving impact unit 7 acts on the primary fracture (corresponding to the stable fracture state of the central fracturing zone), mechanically opening the central fracturing zone and forcibly triggering the fracture simulation unit 4 to dynamically transform from the initial stable fracture state simulating the closed state of the primary fracture to the state simulating fracture expansion and penetration. The fracture propagation morphology was used to reproduce, for the first time in an experiment, the key geomechanical process of the formation of the pre-damage zone by the initial blast. During the morphological transformation, the coordinated expansion movement of each biomimetic fracture module 5 physically punctures, tears, or displaces the sealing structure associated with the negative pressure chamber 6, thereby destroying the airtightness of the negative pressure chamber 6, which is equivalent to opening a high-pressure gas escape channel in the rock mass. When the high-pressure gas generated by the subsequent blast of the explosive string (or the subsequent gas expansion stage of the same blast) arrives in this area, it will quickly rush into and leak into the negative pressure chamber 6 through this simulated channel, rather than fully acting on the surrounding medium. Thus, the core physical mechanism of the "blasting" or "blank blasting" phenomenon in the field was reproduced on a laboratory scale.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the simulation base 1 includes a simulation cylinder 11 and a cover plate 12. The cover plate 12 is detachably installed on the top of the simulation cylinder 11 by means of bolt connection. A sealing strip is provided between the simulation cylinder 11 and the cover plate 12. Multiple partitions 14 are provided on the inner side wall of the simulation cylinder 11. The partitions 14 are preferably made of hard rubber. Each partition 14 and the cover plate 12 together form a negative pressure chamber 6. A number of negative pressure pipes 13 are connected to the simulation cylinder 11. Each negative pressure pipe 13 communicates with the negative pressure chamber 6. The negative pressure pipes 13 are connected to a negative pressure device, preferably a negative pressure machine.

[0025] In this embodiment, the simulation cylinder 11, cover plate 12, and partition plate 14 together constitute a basic sealed space, providing the main structure for simulating underground rock strata. The interior of the simulation cylinder 11 is divided by multiple partition plates 14, thereby forming multiple independent negative pressure chambers 6. This partitioned design allows the equipment to simulate the differentiated responses of fracture networks of different scales in the rock mass to gas leakage. During the test preparation stage, the negative pressure chambers 6 are evacuated by external vacuum equipment (such as a negative pressure machine) through the various negative pressure pipes 13 connected to the simulation cylinder 11, so that the interior reaches and maintains a stable negative pressure (i.e., below the maximum pressure). The negative pressure state simulates the initial conditions under which the fissures in the original underground rock are closed or have not been invaded by high-pressure gas. When the explosion occurs and the fissure simulation unit 4 is triggered, the moving biomimetic fissure module 5 will pierce or tear open the adjacent partition 14, instantly destroying the airtightness of the negative pressure chamber 6. At this time, the atmospheric pressure of the external environment is higher than the internal pressure of the negative pressure chamber 6, forming a pressure difference. This pressure difference will cause the external air to rush into the negative pressure chamber 6 through the opening of the destroyed partition 14. This physical process is used to simulate the "blasting" phenomenon in which a large amount of high-pressure explosion gas escapes along the newly formed fissure channel.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the impact unit 7 is a conical structure, and the cross-section of the impact unit 7 increases from bottom to top. It can convert the downward axial displacement into a radial expansion force on the surrounding biomimetic crack module 5, just like a mechanical "wedge" forcibly opening the crack system, thereby reliably triggering the crack simulation unit 4 to transform from a closed crack stable state to a through crack expansion state.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the biomimetic crack module 5 includes a fixed plate 51 and two crack deformation components 52. The two crack deformation components 52 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed plate 51. The fixed plate 51 is fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the simulation base 1, and the fixed plate 51 is located between two adjacent partitions 14. The crack deformation component 52 includes several crack plates 521 arranged parallel to each other. Each crack plate 521 is hinged with a first connecting rod 522. The center of the first connecting rod 522 is hinged to the crack plate 521, and the two ends of the first connecting rod 522 are respectively hinged to two adjacent crack plates 521. A second connecting rod 523 is hinged to the fixed plate 51. The second connecting rod 523 is hinged to the crack plate 521. The first connecting rod 522 and the second connecting rod 523 are arranged in parallel.

[0028] In this embodiment, the entire biomimetic crack module 5 uses a fixed plate 51 as a stable base. Two symmetrically arranged sets of crack deformation members 52 jointly define the initial boundary of the central crack-causing zone. Under the initial stable crack state, each crack plate 521, under the mutual hinge and constraint of the first connecting rod 522 and the second connecting rod 523, remains in a contracted, compact closed state (e.g., Figure 9 This simulates the closure and stability conditions of a primary fracture system in underground rock mass under original geostress. When blasting occurs, the impact unit 7 displaces axially downward and acts on the central fracture zone, generating a radial expansion force that is applied to the innermost fracture plate 521. This force is transmitted through the first link 522 and the second link 523, thus propelling the entire fracture plate 521 to begin moving. During this process, the displacement of any fracture plate 521 is forcibly and synchronously transmitted to the adjacent fractures through the first link 522 and the second link 523. Plate 521; Thus, the initial local triggering of the impact unit 7, through this composite linkage system composed of the first link 522 and the second link 523, is transformed into a coordinated, outward radial expansion movement of all fracture plates 521, thereby transforming the central fracture zone from a contracted, stable fracture state to an open, expanded fracture expansion state, simulating the dynamic geological process of the expansion, opening, and interconnection of the original fracture network caused by the on-site blasting stress wave; the fracture plate 521 has spikes formed on the side near the partition 14, such as Figure 10 As shown, the spikes are located at the top of the slit plate 521. The spikes can pierce the partition 14. When the explosion causes the slit plate 521 to move, the movement of the expanding slit plate 521 eventually causes the spikes on the outside of the slit plate 521 to pierce the adjacent partition 14, laying the structural foundation for subsequent simulated gas leakage.

[0029] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments provided to fully illustrate the present utility model, and the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the present utility model are all within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A simulation test structure for simulating explosion crack propagation and gas escape, characterized in that, include: The simulation base (1) and the gun spool (2) are provided on the simulation base (1). The simulation base (1) has at least one negative pressure chamber (6) inside. The simulation base (1) is connected to a plurality of negative pressure pipes (13). Each negative pressure pipe (13) is connected to the corresponding negative pressure chamber (6). The negative pressure pipe (13) is connected to a negative pressure device. An impact unit (7) is provided at the bottom of the inner part of the gun column (2); The simulation base (1) is provided with a crack simulation unit (4), which includes multiple biomimetic crack modules (5) that can work together. The multiple biomimetic crack modules (5) together enclose a central cracking zone. The central cracking zone has a contracted crack stable form and an expanded crack extension form. The impact unit (7) can drive the central cracking zone to change from the crack stable form to the crack extension form.

2. The simulation test structure for simulating explosion crack propagation and gas escape according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact unit (7) is configured to generate axial displacement under the drive of explosive energy, so as to drive the crack simulation unit (4) from the crack stable state to the crack expansion state; and the bionic crack module (5) is configured to simultaneously destroy the airtightness of the negative pressure chamber (6) during the state transformation process.

3. The simulation test structure for simulating explosion crack propagation and gas escape according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a test cylinder (3), the gun column (2) is disposed inside the test cylinder (3), and the test cylinder (3) is detachably mounted on the simulation base (1).

4. The simulation test structure for simulating explosion crack propagation and gas escape according to claim 3, characterized in that: The simulation base (1) includes a simulation cylinder (11) and a cover plate (12). The cover plate (12) is detachably installed on the top of the simulation cylinder (11). The inner side wall of the simulation cylinder (11) is provided with multiple partitions (14). Each partition (14) and the cover plate (12) together enclose the negative pressure chamber (6).

5. The simulation test structure for simulating explosion crack propagation and gas escape according to claim 4, characterized in that: The biomimetic crack module (5) includes a fixed plate (51) and two crack deformation components (52), which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed plate (51). The fixing plate (51) is fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the simulation seat (1), and the fixing plate (51) is located between two adjacent partitions (14).

6. The simulation test structure for simulating explosion crack propagation and gas escape according to claim 5, characterized in that: The crack deformation component (52) includes a plurality of crack plates (521) arranged in parallel with each other. A first connecting rod (522) is hinged to each crack plate (521). The center of the first connecting rod (522) is hinged to the crack plate (521), and the two ends of the first connecting rod (522) are respectively hinged to the two adjacent crack plates (521). A second connecting rod (523) is hinged to the fixed plate (51), and the free end of the second connecting rod (523) is hinged to the slit plate (521).

7. The simulation test structure for simulating explosion crack propagation and gas escape according to claim 6, characterized in that: The partition (14) is made of rubber.

8. The simulation test structure for simulating explosion crack propagation and gas escape according to claim 7, characterized in that: The slit plate (521) has spikes on the side near the partition (14) that can pierce the partition (14).

9. The simulation test structure for simulating explosion crack propagation and gas escape according to claim 8, characterized in that: A sealing strip is provided between the simulation cylinder (11) and the cover plate (12).

10. The simulation test structure for simulating explosion crack propagation and gas escape according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The gun ram (2) is equipped with a string of explosives.

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