HYDROLYSTIC RESISTANCE OF POLYURETHANE FOAMS

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition for the production of a polyurethane foam, which contains a polyalkylene oxide-modified arylsulfonic acid ester as an additive, and to the use of the arylsulfonic acid ester in the production of a polyurethane foam.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The present invention relates to a composition for the production of a polyurethane foam, which contains a polyalkylene oxide-modified arylsulfonic acid ester as an additive, and to the use of the arylsulfonic acid ester in the production of a polyurethane foam. BACKGROUND

[0002] Polyurethane foams are frequently used in automotive applications such as seat cushions, headrests, dashboards, headliners, and steering wheels. Due to the requirement to minimize the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), amine catalysts are employed, which can be incorporated into the polyurethane foam either as high-molecular-weight catalysts or as reactive catalysts (reactive towards isocyanates). While these reactive or low-emission amine catalysts contribute only minimally to emissions in the standard automotive test VDA 278, their use negatively impacts the wet-heat aging resistance of PU foams. Therefore, it is a crucial technical challenge to develop additives that can be used, for example, in conjunction with low-emission amine catalysts as components in PU systems or PU foams, thereby increasing the resistance of PU foams to hydrolysis aging (wet-heat aging).

[0003] Some of the known additives for improving wet heat aging properties have the disadvantage that they can only be mixed with the other formulation components, especially catalysts and water, relatively shortly before the foaming process, as otherwise they greatly reduce the gel and blowing catalysis of the respective PU system over a period of a few hours to a few days.

[0004] EP 1 834 974 A3 describes the use of aromatic diesters to improve the physical properties of foams after moist heat storage. However, the effect of the diesters is relatively weak; in particular, they only achieve a very slight improvement in the moist heat aging resistance of TDI foams.

[0005] US20190100638A1 utilizes halohydrins (compounds with at least one halogen function (e.g. chlorine, bromine) and at least one OH function (e.g. 6-chlorohexan-1-ol)) to improve physical foam properties after moist heat storage.

[0006] US 2022 / 0033603 A1 describes the use of structurally diverse chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds to improve the foaming properties of polyurethane foams after humid heat storage. However, chlorinated hydrocarbon emissions are undesirable because they can be toxic.

[0007] WO 2022034151 A1 discloses that sulfonic acid esters added as additives improve the hydrolysis (and heat) resistance of polyurethane foams. PU foams exposed to high temperatures and high humidity exhibit significantly poorer material properties due to wet heat aging. The material properties of PU foams containing sulfonic acid esters are less affected (damaged) by wet heat aging. However, a crucial disadvantage of the sulfonic acid esters described in WO 2022034151 A1 is their low stability in PU systems. Consequently, in PU system premixes of polyols, amine catalysts, water, sulfonic acid esters according to WO 2022034151 A1, and optional additional components, the catalytic effect of the respective amine catalyst or amine catalyst mixture decreases significantly over a period of a few hours to several days.The emission levels from the compound described in WO 2022034151 A1 are also too high.

[0008] The aim of the present invention was therefore to develop additives that improve the resistance of foams to damp heat aging, exhibit high stability as a component in PU systems, and do not affect, or only very slightly affect, the catalytic activity and associated foam growth behavior of the respective PU system even after storage. Likewise, the additives should result in no or only very low foam emissions in the VDA 278 emissions test commonly used in the automotive industry.

[0009] Surprisingly, arylsulfonic acid esters according to the present invention exhibit particularly good storage stability as an additive to PU systems premixed prior to foaming and result in improved resistance of the foams to damp heat aging as well as low foam emissions according to VDA 278. SUMMARY

[0010] The present invention relates to a composition for the production of a polyurethane foam, comprising: (a) a polyol, (b) an amine catalyst, (c) a blowing agent, preferably water, (d) arylsulfonic acid esters according to compound (I) where a is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, b is 0 to 20, preferably 0 to 15, more preferably 0 to 12, particularly preferably 0. c is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12; the sum of a + c is 0 to 20, preferably 3 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12; each R 1 independently of one another hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably methyl, is, each R 2 independent of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably hydrogen, is each R 3 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 4 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, R 5 Hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16, -C(O)Me, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), particularly preferably hydrogen, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), is, where R 6 Hydrogen, phenyl, or alkyl group C1-C 10 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, is, each R 7 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 8 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 9 independently of each other hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16, -C(O)Me, or a residue according to formula (i), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, or a residue according to formula (i), particularly preferably hydrogen, or a residue according to formula (i), is, Y is oxygen or -CH2-O-, d is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, e is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, the sum d + e is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5 If the remainder is not the remainder according to formula (ii), then the sum a + b + c is 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5 If the remainder is according to formula (ii), then the sum a + b + c + d + e is 4 to 40, preferably 4 to 30, more preferably 5 to 25, particularly preferably 6 to 20.

[0011] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing a polyurethane foam, comprising (A) providing the composition according to the present invention, (B) mixing the composition from step (A) with a compound having isocyanate functional groups, and (C) producing the polyurethane foam from the mixture obtained in step (B).

[0012] Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of an arylsulfonic acid ester according to the present invention in the production of a polyurethane foam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The term "contains" is not intended to exclude other components, process steps, etc. Furthermore, the term "contains" – in conjunction with individual characteristics, such as composition – can be further restricted or replaced by the term "consisting of".

[0014] Range specifications, such as 1 to 10, should also disclose the numbers within the range that are not explicitly disclosed. For example, 1 to 10 also discloses the numbers within this range, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. The lower and upper limits of range specifications for the respective features can be combined with the lower and upper limits of the individually preferred or optional ranges.

[0015] Unless otherwise stated, percentages are given as weight percent, which refers to the total weight of the respective composition.

[0016] The quantity given in "pphp" ("parts per hundred polyol") means the weight fraction per 100 parts by weight of polyol (total polyol) in the composition. For example, 1.0 pphp of substance A means 1.0 g of substance A per 100 g of polyol in the composition.

[0017] Terms described in the singular also include the plural form. For example, polyol means that one or more polyols may be present that fall under the term polyol.

[0018] The present invention relates to a composition for the production of a polyurethane foam, comprising: (a) a polyol, (b) an amine catalyst, (c) a blowing agent, (d) arylsulfonic acid ester (arylsulfonic acid ester according to the invention).

[0019] The arylsulfonic acid ester (d) comprises a single arylsulfonic acid ester but also mixtures of arylsulfonic acid esters.

[0020] The composition according to the invention for producing a polyurethane foam can also be referred to as a PU system (polyurethane system), PU system premix (polyurethane system premix), or PU foam mixture (polyurethane foam mixture). In particular, it is a polyurethane foam. Specifically, the composition is a premix for producing a polyurethane foam.

[0021] The arylsulfonic acid ester or arylsulfonic acid ester according to the invention is one (or more) arylsulfonic acid esters according to compound (I) (alternatively formula (I)): where a is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, b is 0 to 20, preferably 0 to 15, more preferably 0 to 12, particularly preferably 0. c is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12; the sum of a + c is 0 to 20, preferably 3 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. each R 1 independently of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably methyl, is, each R 2 independent of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably hydrogen, is each R 3 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 4 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, R 5 Hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16, -C(O)Me, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), particularly preferably hydrogen, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), is, where R 6 Hydrogen, phenyl, or alkyl group C1-C 10 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, is, each R 7 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 8 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 9 independently of each other hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16, -C(O)Me, or a residue according to formula (i), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, or a residue according to formula (i), particularly preferably hydrogen, or a residue according to formula (i), is, Y is oxygen or -CH2-O-, d is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, e is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, the sum d + e is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5 If the remainder is not the remainder according to formula (ii), then the sum a + b + c is 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5 If the remainder is according to formula (ii), then the sum a + b + c + d + e is 4 to 40, preferably 4 to 30, more preferably 5 to 25, particularly preferably 6 to 20.

[0022] If no separate indications for the above-mentioned indices, substituents and / or residues (such as "a", "b", "c", "R") are given in formulas / residues / compounds 1" , “R 2" where mentioned (e.g.), the information applies accordingly to the subordinate formulas, such as the subordinate formulas: Formula (12), Formula (i), Formula (ii), etc.

[0023] The dashed line in, for example, formula (i) is intended to indicate where the structure is connected. For example, for formula (I) and R, this would result in... 5 = Formula (i) following formula (I1):

[0024] In formula (11) there are two R each 1 and R 2 depicted and the expert can independently R 1 and R 2 select. This applies accordingly to the remaining remainders R. x , like R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9However, it is preferred that all respective R x (R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 ) have the same residues.

[0025] Accordingly, for the formulas according to the invention, it is preferred that each R 1 Hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably hydrogen, is, each R 2 Hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably methyl, is, each R 3 Hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 4 Hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 5 Hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16, -C(O)Me, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), particularly preferably hydrogen, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), R 6 Hydrogen, phenyl, or alkyl group C1-C 10 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, is, each R 7 Hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 8 Hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 9 Hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16, -C(O)Me, or a residue according to formula (i), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, nButyl, nOctyl, nDodecyl, or a residue according to formula (i), particularly preferably hydrogen, or a residue according to formula (i).

[0026] The designations that each R 3 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, and each R 4 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 The subscript "a" means that in each repeating unit with the index "a", the repeating units can have a different substituent. This is the case, for example, in polyether tosylate 3 (additive 7) according to the examples. This also applies accordingly to the repeating units with the indices "d" and "e".

[0027] In principle, at least four repeating units (a + b + c + d + e) ​​should be present in the arylsulfonic acid ester according to the invention. If the residue according to formula (ii) is not present in the arylsulfonic acid ester according to the invention, then d and e are equal to 0, and thus a + b + c + 0 + 0 = a + b + c. As described above, if R 5 not the remainder according to formula (ii), the sum a + b + c be 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12 and if R 5 If the remainder is according to formula (ii), then the sum a + b + c + d + e should be 4 to 40, preferably 4 to 30, more preferably 5 to 25, particularly preferably 6 to 20.

[0028] The catalytic effect of the respective amine catalyst or amine catalyst mixture in a composition could be improved with the arylsulfonic acid ester according to the invention during storage over a period of a few hours to a few days.

[0029] Surprisingly, arylsulfonic acid esters, especially those with a sulfonic acid-esterified propylene oxide end group, e.g., -[CH2-C(CH3)HO]-SO3-C6H5CH3, exhibit particularly good storage stability as additives in pre-mixed polyurethane (PU) systems. PU systems pre-mixed are primarily those that do not yet contain any isocyanate functional groups.

[0030] Furthermore, the arylsulfonic acid esters according to the invention significantly improve the physical foaming properties of PU foams after moist heat aging compared to low-molecular-weight sulfonic acid esters. In addition, the arylsulfonic acid esters according to the invention are non-volatile, so their use results in no or only very low foam emissions in the VDA 278 emission test commonly used in the automotive industry.

[0031] The arylsulfonic acid esters according to the examples in the inventive composition are particularly preferred for the production of a polyurethane foam. These exemplary arylsulfonic acid esters can be used in the amounts according to the inventive.

[0032] The preferred arylsulfonic acid ester (b) is that according to compound (I2): where a is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, c is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, each R 1 independently of one another hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably methyl, is, each R 2 independent of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably hydrogen, is each R 3 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16, preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 4 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, R 5 Hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16 , -C(O)Me, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), particularly preferably hydrogen, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), is, where R 6 Hydrogen, phenyl, or alkyl group C1-C 10 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, is, each R 7 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 8 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 9 independently of each other hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16 , -C(O)Me, or a residue according to formula (i), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, or a residue according to formula (i), particularly preferably hydrogen, or a residue according to formula (i), is, Y is oxygen or -CH2-O-, d is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, e is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12; the sum d + e is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5If the remainder is not the remainder according to formula (ii), then the sum a + c is 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5 If the remainder is according to formula (ii), then the sum a + c + d + e is 4 to 40, preferably 4 to 30, more preferably 5 to 25, particularly preferably 6 to 20.

[0033] The present invention also comprises a method for producing a polyurethane foam, comprising (A) providing the composition according to the invention, (B) mixing the composition from step (A) with a compound having isocyanate functional groups, and (C) producing the polyurethane foam from the mixture obtained in step (B).

[0034] The composition can be free of a compound with isocyanate functional groups. In this case, it would be a premix. A compound with isocyanate functional groups can then be added to the premix to produce the foam. According to the invention, the composition can be mixed or prepared as early as 21 days before the addition of the compound with isocyanate functional groups without significantly impairing the foam properties (short rise time).

[0035] Accordingly, the time between (A) providing or preparing the composition and (B) mixing the composition and the reaction from step (A) with a compound having isocyanate functional groups can be 12 hours to 30 days, preferably 1 day to 21 days, more preferably 1 day to 15 days, particularly preferably 1 day to 9 days, most preferably 1 day to 3 days.

[0036] The composition according to the invention can be provided as a kit, wherein a first component is the composition according to the invention and a second component contains a compound with isocyanate functional groups.

[0037] The composition according to the invention may already contain (e) a compound with isocyanate functional groups. This is usually the case shortly before foam production.

[0038] The compound with isocyanate functional groups can comprise hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), phenylene diisocyanate (PDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and / or isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), preferably toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and / or diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), particularly preferably toluene diisocyanate (TDI).

[0039] The compound with isocyanate functional groups (isocyanate component) can contain 2,4-TDI, 2,6-TDI, or a combination thereof. The isocyanate functional groups (isocyanate component) can contain crude MDI, for example, a mixture of about 60% 4,4'-MDI and / or a stoichiometric amount, together with other isomers and analogous higher polyisocyanates. Other suitable isocyanates are those of US Patent No. 4,394,491, which are part of this invention.

[0040] TDI molded foams with amine catalysts (or with reactive and / or non-volatile amine catalysts) are, in contrast to MDI molded foams, even more sensitive to hydrolysis aging or humid heat storage. The composition and method according to the invention, containing the arylsulfonic acid ester (b) according to the invention, results in a significant improvement in the physical foam properties of TDI foams after humid heat storage.

[0041] The amount of compound containing isocyanate functional groups is typically based on an NCO index. The NCO index is the number of isocyanate equivalents divided by the total number of equivalents of active hydrogen (e.g., from the polyol), multiplied by 100 (e.g., based on an NCO index of [NCO / (OH+NH)]*100). The composition can have an NCO index of 70 to 500, or 70 to 115. An NCO index of 70 to 115 is commonly used when the composition is intended for the production of flexible foams. The weight mixing ratio of the composition or premix to the compound containing isocyanate functional groups can range from 1:1 to 3:1. The composition can contain 10 to 40 wt.% of the compound with isocyanate functional groups, preferably 10 to 35 wt.%, particularly preferably 20 to 30 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0042] The composition according to the invention contains a polyol (a). Polyols are organic compounds with at least two hydroxyl groups. The polyol can be any polyol suitable for the production of polyurethane foams. In principle, the polyol reacts with a compound having isocyanate functional groups to obtain a polyurethane. Suitable polyols can be found in WO 03 / 016373 A1, WO 01 / 58976 A1, WO 04060956 A1, WO 03 / 016372 A1, and WO 03 / 055930 A1, and these polyols in the designated applications are part of this invention. Accordingly, the polyol should be a polyol that can react with a compound having isocyanate functional groups.

[0043] Suitable polyols include polyether polyols or copolymers of polyether polyols. The polyol can be polyether polyol, poly(alkylene oxide) polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide), poly(propylene oxide), and / or copolymers with terminal hydroxyl groups derived from polyhydric compounds (e.g., diols and triols). The polyol can have a molecular weight of 4500 to 7000 g / mol and / or 2000 to 4000 g / mol. Diols and triols, which also belong to the group of polyols, can be ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, pentaerythritol, glycerol, diglycerol, trimethylolpropane, other suitable low molecular weight polyols, or a combination thereof. The polyol can be a polyhydroxy-terminated acetal resin, a hydroxy-terminated amine, a hydroxyl-terminated polyamine, or a combination thereof.The polyol can be a polyalkylene carbonate-based polyol, a phosphate-based polyol, or a combination thereof.

[0044] Suitable polyols can also be found in the examples.

[0045] The polyol may contain copolymer polyols. Copolymer polyols can constitute up to approximately 20% of the total polyol content by weight. The copolymer polyols improve the polyurethane foam formed by the composition by increasing its resistance to deformation and thereby enhancing its load-bearing properties. The copolymer polyol may be a graft polyol, a polyurea-modified polyol, or a combination thereof, or it may comprise one of these.

[0046] The graft polyol is any suitable graft polyol. It can be prepared by copolymerization of vinyl monomers (e.g., styrene and acrylonitrile) with a suitable starting polyol. The starting polyol can be a glycerol-initiated triol end-capped with ethylene oxide (e.g., with 80% to 85% primary hydroxyl groups). The graft polyol then comprises a copolymer grafted onto the starting polyol, homopolymers of the vinyl monomers, and the starting polyol (in its original form). The graft polymer can contain styrene or acrylonitrile at a concentration of approximately 5% to 45% by weight.

[0047] The polyurea-modified polyol is formed by the reaction of a diamine and a diisocyanate in the presence of the starting polyol. The polyurea-modified polyol contains a polyurea dispersion. The polyurea-modified polyol can be a polyisocyanate polyaddition polyol (PIPA), which is formed, for example, in situ from a reaction between the compound with isocyanate functional groups and an alkanolamine.

[0048] The polyol can be present in an amount of 50 to 98 wt.%, preferably 70 to 97 wt.%, more preferably 80 to 96 wt.%, particularly preferably 85 to 95 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0049] The propellant (c) can be any suitable propellant. Propellants are compounds that react, for example, with isocyanate and form a gas. Propellants can be carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrogenated fluorocarbons, hydrogenated chlorofluorocarbons, fluoroolefins, chlorofluoroolefins, fluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluoroolefins, acetone, low-boiling hydrocarbons (e.g., cyclopentane, isopentane, n-pentane, or a combination thereof), water, or a combination thereof. It is particularly preferred that the propellant (c) is water. Thus, component (c) would be water. The propellant can be present in the composition in an amount of 0.02 to 10 wt.%, preferably 0.1 to 8 wt.%, more preferably 1 to 7 wt.%, and particularly preferably 1.5 to 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition. Water can be added in an amount of 0.02 to 10 wt.%, preferably 0.1 to 8 wt.%, more preferably 1 to 7 wt.%.-%, particularly preferably 1.5 to 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition, shall be contained in the composition.

[0050] The composition may further contain an additive selected from a cell stabilizer, a crosslinking agent, a chain extender, a pigment, a filler, a flame retardant, a urethane gel auxiliary catalyst, and a propellant catalyst, or combinations thereof.

[0051] The composition may additionally contain a cell stabilizer. Cell stabilizers contain silicone-based surfactants, anionic surfactants, or a combination thereof. The cell stabilizer may be a silicon-based surfactant, such as polyalkylsiloxane, polyoxyalkylene polyol-modified dimethylpolysiloxane, alkylene glycol-modified dimethylpolysiloxane, or a combination thereof. The cell stabilizer preferably does not contain an acyl group. The silicone surfactant may contain an acyl group. The cell stabilizer may be an anionic surfactant, such as a fatty acid salt, a sulfuric acid ester salt, a phosphate ester salt, a sulfonic acid salt, or a combination thereof. The composition may contain a cell stabilizer in an amount of 0.1 ppm to 20 ppm, 0.1 ppm to 10 ppm, or 0.1 ppm to 5 ppm.

[0052] The composition may contain a crosslinking agent. Crosslinking agents can be low-molecular-weight compounds containing at least two residues, such as hydroxyl groups, primary amino groups, secondary amino groups, other active hydrogen-containing groups that are reactive with an isocyanate group, or a combination thereof.

[0053] The crosslinking agent can be a polyhydric alcohol (e.g., a trihydric alcohol such as glycerol or trimethylolpropane), a polyamine, or a combination thereof. A polyamine can be diethyltoluenediamine, chlorodiaminobenzene, diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triethanolamine, tripropanolamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, or a combination thereof. In an embodiment where the crosslinking agent is a diamine, the crosslinking agent contains twelve or fewer carbon atoms, seven carbon atoms, or fewer than seven carbon atoms. Mixing the crosslinking agent(s), e.g., a low-molecular-weight crosslinker, with the polyol component can increase hardness and promote faster demolding. The amount of crosslinking agent in the composition is typically from 0.10 ppm to 20 ppm.

[0054] The composition may contain chain extenders. Chain extenders can be compounds with a functional hydroxyl or amino group, such as glycols, amines, diols, or a combination thereof. The chain extender may be ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,8-hexanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, ethoxylated hydroquinone, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, N-methylethanolamine, N-methylisopropanolamine, 4-aminocyclohexanol, 1,2-diaminoethane, 2,4-toluenediamine, or a combination thereof. The amount of chain extenders in the composition is typically from 0.10 ppm to 20 ppm.

[0055] The composition may contain pigments. Pigments can be, among others, organic pigments, inorganic pigments, or a combination thereof. The pigments enable coloring (e.g., to match a specific shade), masking (e.g., to mask yellowing), or a combination of both. The pigment may be an azo / diazo dye, a phthalocyanine, dioxazine, carbon black, or a combination thereof. The pigment may be titanium dioxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, or a combination thereof. The amount of pigment in the composition is typically from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm.

[0056] The composition may contain a filler. Fillers increase the density and load-bearing capacity of polyurethane foams. The filler may be barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, or a combination thereof. The amount of filler in the composition typically ranges from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm.

[0057] The composition may contain a flame retardant. Flame retardants reduce the flammability of polyurethane foams. The flame retardant may be a chlorinated phosphate ester, a chlorinated paraffin, a melamine powder, or a combination thereof. The flame retardant may be present in the composition in amounts ranging from 1 ppm to 20 ppm, from 1 ppm to 10 ppm, or from 1 ppm to 5 ppm.

[0058] The composition may further contain a metal catalyst. The metal catalyst is preferably an organometallic metal salt, organic metal salt, inorganic metal salt, and / or organometallic compound, wherein the metal is Sn, Bi, Zn, Al, and / or K, preferably Sn, Zn, and / or Bi. Accordingly, the composition may contain Sn, Bi, Zn, Al, and / or K, preferably Sn, Zn, and / or Bi. It is particularly preferred that the composition contains an organotin compound such as dimethyltin dineodecanoate.

[0059] The composition may further contain a propellant catalyst, preferably 2-[N-(dimethylaminoethoxyethyl)-N-methylamino]ethanol, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl-N'-methyl-N'-ethanol, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, N,N,N'-trimethyl-N'-3-aminopropyl-bis(aminoethyl) ether, and / or bis-(dimethylamino)ethyl ether.

[0060] The amine catalyst (b) can be an amine catalyst reactive with isocyanates and / or an amine catalyst not reactive with isocyanates. For example, triethylenediamine is an amine catalyst not reactive with isocyanates. For example, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-methanol is an amine catalyst reactive with isocyanates. The amine catalyst (b) is preferably a tertiary amine catalyst. It is particularly preferred that the amine catalyst be a reactive and / or non-volatile amine catalyst.

[0061] The amine catalyst (b) may be selected from the group consisting of triethylenediamine, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-methanol, diethanolamine, N-[2-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethyl]-N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine, 2-[[2-(2-(Dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl]methylamino]ethanol, 1,1'-[(3-{bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-amino}propyl)imino]dipropan-2-ol, [3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]urea, 1,3-Bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea, amine catalysts of general structure (1a) and / or amine catalysts of general structure (1b): where each Y independently of each other -NR VIII R IX or -OR IX is, R I a linear, cyclic, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon with 1-8 carbon atoms, optionally functionalized with an -OH group or hydrogen, R" is a linear, cyclic, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon with 1-8 carbon atoms, optionally functionalized with an -OH group or hydrogen, X Oxygen, nitrogen, hydroxyl, amines of structure -NR III - or -NR III R IV or urea groups of structure -NR V CONR VI - or -NR VII CONR VI R VII is, each R III-IX independently of each other, a linear, cyclic, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon with 1-8 carbon atoms, optionally functionalized with an -OH group, an -NH- or an -NH2 group or hydrogen, m = 0 to 4, preferably 2 or 3, n = 2 to 6, preferably 2 or 3, i = 0 to 3, preferably 0-2, where R XHydrogen, or a linear, branched or cyclic aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon with 1 - 18 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted with a hydroxyl group and / or optionally with an -NH2 group, Z Oxygen, -NR X - or -CH2 is.

[0062] The amine catalyst (b) is preferably selected from a group consisting of diethanolamine, N,N-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-isopropanolamine, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl-N'-methylethanolamine, N,N,N'-trimethylaminopropylethanolamine, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, N,N-diethylethanolamine, N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-2-hydroxy(propyl)-1,3-propylenediamine, dimethylaminopropylamine, (N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethanol, methylhydroxyethylpiperazine, bis(N,N-dimethyl-3-aminopropyl)amine, N,N-dimethylaminopropylurea, diethylaminopropylurea, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)urea, N,N'-bis(3-diethylaminopropyl)urea; Bis(dimethylamino)-2-propanol, 6-dimethylamido-1-hexanol, N-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole), N-(2-hydroxypropyl)imidazole and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazole. Particularly preferred are 6-dimethylamido-1-hexanol, N-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole), N-(2-hydroxypropyl)imidazole and / or N-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazole.

[0063] The molecular weight of the arylsulfonic acid ester (d) is preferably 300 g / mol to 20,000 g / mol, more preferably 340 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol, more preferably 400 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol, further preferably 450 g / mol to 2,000 g / mol, and particularly preferably 500 g / mol to 1,000 g / mol.

[0064] Preferred arylsulfonic acid esters are shown below by reference to particularly preferred formulas such as compound (11), etc. Compound (I) may be selected from the group consisting of compound (11), compound (12), compound (I3), compound (14), compound (I5), compound (16), compound (I7), compound (I8), compound (19), compound (I10), compound (111), compound (I12), compound (I13), compound (I14), compound (I15), compound (I16), compound (I17), compound (I18), compound (I19), compound (120), compound (121), compound (122), compound (123), or combinations thereof.

[0065] Connection (11) is as follows:

[0066] Accordingly, connection (11) is a more specific connection compared to connection (I), where R 5 Formula (i) is. Since R 5 the remainder with formula (i) is and R 5 If the remainder is not the one according to formula (ii), the sum a + b + c must be 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, most preferably 4 to 12. As already mentioned, both R 1 and both R 2 which have the same or different substituents. Preferably, they are identical substituents. This applies accordingly to the other compounds. The description of all residues, indices, and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds.

[0067] Connection (12) is as follows:

[0068] In compound (12), the building block with the index b is not present and is therefore 0 (compared to compound (I)). The description of all residues, indices, and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds. In the case that R 5 If the remainder according to formula (ii) is not the case, then a + b + c = 4 to 20 (i.e., a + 0 + c = 4 to 20 and thus a + c = 4 to 20), preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. In the case that R 5The remainder according to formula (ii) is such that the sum a + b + c + d + e is 4 to 40, preferably 4 to 30, more preferably 5 to 25, and particularly preferably 6 to 20 (where b = 0). This applies accordingly to the remaining compounds. In compound (I2), the sum a + c can be 4 to 20, preferably 3 to 15, and particularly preferably 4 to 12. In particular, a can be 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, and particularly preferably 2 to 12. In particular, c can be 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, and particularly preferably 2 to 12. In particular, a can be 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, and c can be 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, and particularly preferably 2 to 12.

[0069] Connection (I3) is as follows:

[0070] In conjunction (I3), the component with index b is not present and is therefore 0. Likewise, R 5Formula (i) (compared to compound (I)). The description of all residues, indices, and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds. In compound (I3), the sum a + c is 4 to 20, preferably 3 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. In particular, a can be 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12. In particular, c can be 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12. In particular, a can be 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, and c can be 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12.

[0071] Connection (I4) is as follows:

[0072] In connection (I4) R 5Compound (ii) (compared to compound (I)). The description of all residues, indices and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds.

[0073] Connection (I5) is as follows:

[0074] In connection (I5) R 5 connection (ii) and both R 9 are formula (i) (in comparison to compound (I)). The description of all residues, indices and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds.

[0075] Connection (I6) is as follows:

[0076] In compound (16), the building blocks with the indices b and c are not present and therefore each have a value of 0. The description of all residues, indices, and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds. In compound (16), a is 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12.

[0077] Connection (I7) is as follows:

[0078] In compound (I7), the building blocks with the indices b and c are not present and therefore each have a value of 0. The description of all residues, indices, and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds. In compound (I7), a is 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12.

[0079] Connection (I8) is as follows:

[0080] In compound (I8), the building blocks with the indices b and c are not present and therefore each have a value of 0. The description of all residues, indices, and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds. In compound (18), a is 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12.

[0081] Connection (I9) is as follows:

[0082] The description of all residues, indices and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds.

[0083] Connection (I10) is as follows:

[0084] In compound (I10), the building block with the index c is not present and is therefore 0. The description of all residues, indices, and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds. In compound (I10), the sum a + b should be 4 to 20, preferably 3 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. In particular, a can be 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12. In particular, b can be 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 15, more preferably 1 to 12. In particular, a can be 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, more preferably 2 to 12, and b can be 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 15, more preferably 1 to 12.

[0085] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the compound (I10) b is 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, more preferably 1 to 12 and a = 0.

[0086] Connection (111) is as follows:

[0087] The description of all residues, indices and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds.

[0088] Connection (I12) is as follows:

[0089] The description of all residues, indices and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds.

[0090] Connection (I13) is as follows:

[0091] In compound (I13), the building block with the index b is not present and is therefore 0. The description of all residues, indices, and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds. In compound (I13), the sum a + c can be 4 to 20, preferably 3 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. In particular, a can be 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12. In particular, c can be 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12. In particular, a can be 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, and c can be 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12.

[0092] Connection (I14) is as follows:

[0093] In compound (I14), the building block with the index b is not present and is therefore 0. The description of all residues, indices, and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds. In compound (I14), the sum of a + c is 4 to 20, preferably 3 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. In particular, a can be 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12. In particular, c can be 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12. In particular, a can be 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, and c can be 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12.

[0094] Connection (I15) is as follows:

[0095] The description of all residues, indices, and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds. It is preferred that an R9 a hydrogen is and an R 9 the rest with formula (i).

[0096] Connection (I16) is as follows:

[0097] The description of all residues, indices and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds.

[0098] Connection (I17) is as follows:

[0099] In compound (I17), the building blocks with the indices b and c are not present and therefore each have a value of 0. The description of all residues, indices, and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds. In compound (I17), a can be 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, and particularly preferably 4 to 12.

[0100] Connection (I18) is as follows:

[0101] In compound (I18), the building blocks with the indices b and c are not present and therefore each have a value of 0. The description of all residues, indices, and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds. In compound (I18), a can be 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, and particularly preferably 4 to 12.

[0102] Connection (I19) is as follows:

[0103] The description of all residues, indices and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds.

[0104] Connection (120) is as follows:

[0105] In compound (120), the building blocks with the indices b and c are not present and therefore each have a value of 0. The description of all residues, indices, and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds. In compound (I20), a can be 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12.

[0106] Connection (I21) is as follows:

[0107] In compound (I21), the building blocks with the indices b and c are not present and therefore each have a value of 0. The description of all residues, indices, and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds. In compound (121), a is 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12.

[0108] Connection (122) is as follows:

[0109] In compound (122), the building blocks with the indices b and c are not present and therefore each has a value of 0. The description of all residues, indices, and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds. In compound (I22), the residue R 3 For part of the repeating unit with the index a, a hydrogen atom is used (see the right-hand repeating unit with the index a of compound (I22)). The remainder R 3 In the repeating unit with index a of compound (122), each can be selected according to the description for compound (I), i.e., each R 3 is independently hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl. The index a should be 2 to 20, more preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. An exemplary compound is polyether tosylate 3 (additive 7) according to the examples.

[0110] Connection (123) is as follows:

[0111] In compound (123), the building blocks with the indices b and c are not present and therefore each has a value of 0. The description of all residues, indices, and substituents relating to compound (I) applies accordingly to this and all other specified compounds. In compound (I23), the residue R 3 For some of the repeating units with the index a, there is a hydrogen (see the right-hand repeating unit with the index a of compound (122)). In the other part of the repeating unit with the index a, R 3 a methyl group. The index a should be 2 to 20, more preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. An exemplary compound is polyether tosylate 3 (additive 7) according to the examples.

[0112] It is preferred that formula (i) is formula (i1):

[0113] This applies to connection (I) as well as all other connections as mentioned above.

[0114] Furthermore, it is preferred that each R 1 Methyl is, and each R 2 Hydrogen is present. This applies to compound (I) as well as all other compounds as mentioned above.

[0115] Formula (ii) can be selected from the group consisting of formula (ii1), formula (ii2), formula (ii3), formula (ii4) or combinations thereof: be.

[0116] The arylsulfonic acid ester (d) is preferably an arylsulfonic acid ester selected from the group consisting of tetraethylene glycol monotosylate, pentaethylene glycol monotosylate, hexaethylene glycol monotosylate, heptaethylene glycol monotosylate, octaethylene glycol monotosylate.Tetrapropylene glycol monotosylate, pentapropylene glycol monotosylate, hexapropylene glycol monotosylate, heptapropylene glycol monotosylate, octapropylene glycol monotosylate, nonapropylene glycol monotosylate, decapropylene glycol monotosylate, undecapropylene glycol monotosylate, dodecapropylene glycol monotosylate, Tridecapropylene glycol monotosylate, tetradecapropylene glycol monotosylate, tetraethylene glycol ditosylate, pentaethylene glycol ditosylate, hexaethylene glycol ditosylate, heptaethylene glycol ditosylate, octaethylene glycol ditosylate, tetrapropylene glycol ditosylate, pentapropylene glycol ditosylate, Hexapropylene glycol ditosylate, heptapropylene glycol ditosylate, octapropylene glycol ditosylate, Nonapropylene glycol ditosylate, decapropylene glycol ditosylate, undecapropylene glycol ditosylate, dodecapropylene glycol ditosylate, tridecapropylene glycol ditosylate, tetradecapropylene glycol ditosylate, or a combination thereof. The abbreviation 'tosylate' is used synonymously with '4-methylphenylsulfonate'.

[0117] The composition may contain (a) polyol in an amount of 50 to 98 wt.%, preferably 70 to 97 wt.%, more preferably 80 to 96 wt.%, particularly preferably 85 to 95 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0118] The composition may contain (b) amine catalyst in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt.%, preferably 0.05 to 3.5 wt.%, more preferably 0.08 to 2.5 wt.%, particularly preferably 0.1 to 1.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0119] The composition may contain (c) water in an amount of 0.02 to 10 wt.%, preferably 0.1 to 8 wt.%, more preferably 1 to 7 wt.%, particularly preferably 1.5 to 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0120] The composition may contain (d) arylsulfonic acid esters in an amount of 0.01 to 7 wt.%, preferably 0.1 to 6 wt.%, more preferably 0.3 to 5 wt.%, particularly preferably 0.5 to 4 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0121] It is preferred that the composition (b) contains amine catalyst in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt.%, preferably 0.05 to 3.5 wt.%, further preferably 0.08 to 2.5 wt.%, particularly preferably 0.1 to 1.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition and (d) contains arylsulfonic acid ester in an amount of 0.01 to 7 wt.%, preferably 0.1 to 6 wt.%, further preferably 0.3 to 5 wt.%, particularly preferably 0.5 to 4 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0122] It is particularly preferred that the composition (d) contains arylsulfonic acid esters in an amount of 0.5 to 7 wt.%, preferably 1 to 6 wt.%, more preferably 1.5 to 5 wt.%, particularly preferably 1.9 to 3 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0123] The arylsulfonic acid esters (arylsulfonic acid esters according to the invention) according to formula (I) are used in the production of a polyurethane foam: where a is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, b is 0 to 20, preferably 0 to 15, more preferably 0 to 12, particularly preferably 0. c is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12; the sum of a + c is 0 to 20, preferably 3 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. each R 1 independently of one another hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably methyl, is, each R2 independent of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably hydrogen, is each R 3 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 4 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, R 5 Hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16 , -C(O)Me, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), particularly preferably hydrogen, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), is, where R 6 Hydrogen, phenyl, or alkyl group C1-C 10, preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, is, each R 7 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 8 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 9 independently of each other hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16 , -C(O)Me, or a residue according to formula (i), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, or a residue according to formula (i), particularly preferably hydrogen, or a residue according to formula (i), is, Y is oxygen or -CH2-O-, d is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, e is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, the sum d + e is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5 If the remainder is not the remainder according to formula (ii), then the sum a + b + c is 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5 If the remainder is according to formula (ii), then the sum a + b + c + d + e is 4 to 40, preferably 4 to 30, more preferably 5 to 25, particularly preferably 6 to 20.

[0124] The invention will be described below based on certain aspects.

[0125] Aspect 1. A composition for the production of a polyurethane foam, containing: (a) a polyol, (b) an amine catalyst, (c) a propellant, preferably water, (d) an arylsulfonic acid ester according to compound (I) where a is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, b is 0 to 20, preferably 0 to 15, more preferably 0 to 12, particularly preferably 0. c is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12; the sum of a + c is 0 to 20, preferably 3 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. each R 1 independently of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably methyl, is, each R 2 independent of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably hydrogen, is each R 3 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 4 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, R 5 Hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16, -C(O)Me, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), particularly preferably hydrogen, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), is, where R 6 Hydrogen, phenyl, or alkyl group C1-C 10 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, is, each R 7 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 8 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 9 independently of each other hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16, -C(O)Me, or a residue according to formula (i), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, or a residue according to formula (i), particularly preferably hydrogen, or a residue according to formula (i), is, Y is oxygen or -CH2-O-, d is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, e is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, the sum d + e is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5 If the remainder is not the remainder according to formula (ii), then the sum a + b + c is 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5 If the remainder is according to formula (ii), then the sum a + b + c + d + e is 4 to 40, preferably 4 to 30, more preferably 5 to 25, particularly preferably 6 to 20.

[0126] Aspect 2. A composition for the production of a polyurethane foam, containing: (a) a polyol, (b) an amine catalyst, (c) a propellant, preferably water, (d) an arylsulfonic acid ester according to compound (I) where a is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, b is 0 to 20, preferably 0 to 15, more preferably 0 to 12, particularly preferably 0. c is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, The sum of a + c is 0 to 20, preferably 3 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. The sum a + b + c is 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. each R 1 independently of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably methyl, is, each R 2 independent of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably hydrogen, is each R 3independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 4 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, R 5 Hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16 , -C(O)Me, or a residue according to formula (i), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, or a residue according to formula (i), particularly preferably hydrogen, or a residue according to formula (i), is,

[0127] Aspect 3. A composition for the production of a polyurethane foam, containing: (a) a polyol, (b) an amine catalyst, (c) a propellant, preferably water, (d) an arylsulfonic acid ester according to compound (I) where a is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, b is 0 to 20, preferably 0 to 15, more preferably 0 to 12, particularly preferably 0. c is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, The sum of a + c is 0 to 20, preferably 3 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. each R 1 independently of one another hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably methyl, is, each R 2 independent of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably hydrogen, is each R 3 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 4 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16, preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, R 5 is a remainder according to formula (ii), where R 6 Hydrogen, phenyl, or alkyl group C1-C 10 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, is, each R 7 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 8 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 9 independently of each other hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16 , -C(O)Me, or a residue according to formula (i), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, or a residue according to formula (i), particularly preferably hydrogen, or a residue according to formula (i), is, Y is oxygen or -CH2-O-, d is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, e is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, The sum d + e is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. The sum a + b + c + d + e is 4 to 40, preferably 4 to 30, more preferably 5 to 25, particularly preferably 6 to 20.

[0128] Aspect 4. A composition for the production of a polyurethane foam, containing: (a) a polyol, (b) an amine catalyst, (c) water, (d) arylsulfonic acid ester according to compound (I) where a is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, b is 0 to 20, preferably 0 to 15, more preferably 0 to 12, particularly preferably 0. c is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, The sum of a + c is 0 to 20, preferably 3 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. each R 1 independently of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably methyl, is, each R 2 independent of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably hydrogen, is each R 3 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 4 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, R 5 Hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16, -C(O)Me, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), particularly preferably hydrogen, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), is, where R 6 Hydrogen, phenyl, or alkyl group C1-C 10 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, is, each R 7 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 8 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 9 independently of each other hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16, -C(O)Me, or a residue according to formula (i), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, or a residue according to formula (i), particularly preferably hydrogen, or a residue according to formula (i), is, Y is oxygen or -CH2-O-, d is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, e is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, the sum d + e is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5 If the remainder is not the remainder according to formula (ii), then the sum a + b + c is 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5 If the remainder is according to formula (ii), then the sum a + b + c + d + e is 4 to 40, preferably 4 to 30, more preferably 5 to 25, particularly preferably 6 to 20.

[0129] Aspect 5. The composition according to any of the previous aspects, wherein the arylsulfonic acid ester (b) is the arylsulfonic acid ester according to compound (12): where a is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, c is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, each R 1 independently of one another hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably methyl, is, each R 2 independent of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably hydrogen, is each R 3 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 4 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16, preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, R 5 Hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16 , -C(O)Me, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), particularly preferably hydrogen, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), is, where R 6 Hydrogen, phenyl, or alkyl group C1-C 10 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, is, each R 7 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 8 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 9 independently of each other hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16 , -C(O)Me, or a residue according to formula (i), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, or a residue according to formula (i), particularly preferably hydrogen, or a residue according to formula (i), is, Y is oxygen or -CH2-O-, d is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, e is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, The sum d + e is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5 If the remainder is not the remainder according to formula (ii), then the sum a + c is 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5If the remainder is according to formula (ii), then the sum a + c + d + e is 4 to 40, preferably 4 to 30, more preferably 5 to 25, particularly preferably 6 to 20.

[0130] Aspect 6. The composition according to any of the previous aspects, wherein the propellant is water.

[0131] Aspect 7. The composition according to any of the previous aspects, wherein the composition further (e) contains a compound with isocyanate functional groups or the composition (e) does not contain a compound with isocyanate functional groups.

[0132] Aspect 8. The composition according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the compound comprising isocyanate-functional groups includes hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), phenylene diisocyanate (PDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and / or isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), preferably toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and / or diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), particularly preferably toluene diisocyanate (TDI).

[0133] Aspect 9. The composition according to any of the previous aspects, wherein the amine catalyst (b) is an isocyanate-reactive amine catalyst and / or an isocyanate-independent amine catalyst.

[0134] Aspect 10. The composition according to any of the previous aspects, wherein amine catalyst (b) is a tertiary amine catalyst.

[0135] Aspect 11. The composition according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the amine catalyst (b) is selected from the group consisting of triethylenediamine, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-methanol, diethanolamine, N-[2-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethyl]-N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine, 2-[[2-(2-(Dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl]methylamino]ethanol, 1,1'-[(3-{bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]amino}propyl)imino]dipropan-2-ol, [3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]urea, 1,3-Bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea, amine catalysts of general structure (1a) and / or amine catalysts of general structure (1b): where each Y independently of each other -NR VIII R IX or -OR IX is, R I a linear, cyclic, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon with 1-8 carbon atoms, optionally functionalized with an -OH group or hydrogen, R IIa linear, cyclic, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon with 1-8 carbon atoms, optionally functionalized with an -OH group or hydrogen, X Oxygen, nitrogen, hydroxyl, amines of structure -NR III - or -NR III R IV or urea groups of structure -NR VI CONR VI - or -NR VII CONR VI R VII is, each R III-IX independently of each other, a linear, cyclic, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon with 1-8 carbon atoms, optionally functionalized with an -OH group, an -NH- or an -NH2 group or hydrogen, m = 0 to 4, preferably 2 or 3, n = 2 to 6, preferably 2 or 3, i = 0 to 3, preferably 0-2, where R XHydrogen, or a linear, branched or cyclic aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon with 1 - 18 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted with a hydroxyl group and / or optionally with an -NH2 group, Z Oxygen, -NR X - or -CH2 is.

[0136] Aspect 12. The composition according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein amine catalyst (b) consists of a group comprising diethanolamine, N,N-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-isopropanolamine, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl-N'-methylethanolamine, N,N,N'-trimethylaminopropylethanolamine, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, N,N-diethylethanolamine, N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-2-hydroxy(propyl)-1,3-propylenediamine, dimethylaminopropylamine, (N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethanol, methylhydroxyethylpiperazine, bis(N,N-dimethyl-3-aminopropyl)amine, N,N-dimethylaminopropylurea, diethylaminopropylurea, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)urea, N,N'-bis(3-diethylaminopropyl)urea; Bis(dimethylamino)-2-propanol, 6-dimethylamido-1-hexanol, N-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole), N-(2-hydroxypropyl)imidazole and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazole is selected.

[0137] Aspect 13. The composition according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the composition further comprises a propellant catalyst, preferably 2-[N-(dimethylaminoethoxyethyl)-N-methylamino]ethanol, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl-N'-methyl-N'-ethanol, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, N,N,N'-trimethyl-N'-3-aminopropyl-bis(aminoethyl) ether, and / or bis-(dimethylamino)ethyl ether.

[0138] Aspect 14. The composition according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the composition further comprises a metal catalyst, preferably the metal catalyst being an organometallic metal salt, organic metal salt, inorganic metal salt and / or organometallic compound, wherein the metal is Sn, Bi, Zn, Al or K, preferably Sn, Zn and / or Bi.

[0139] Aspect 15. The composition according to any of the previous aspects, wherein the composition further comprises an additive selected from a chain extender, a pigment, a filler, a flame retardant, a urethane gel auxiliary catalyst, and a propellant catalyst.

[0140] Aspect 16. The composition according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the molecular weight of the arylsulfonic acid ester (d) is 300 g / mol to 20,000 g / mol, preferably 340 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol, more preferably 400 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol, further preferably 450 g / mol to 2,000 g / mol, particularly preferably 500 g / mol to 1,000 g / mol.

[0141] Aspect 17. The composition according to any of the previous aspects, wherein compound (I) is selected from the group consisting of compound (11), compound (12), compound (I3), compound (14), compound (I5), compound (16), compound (I7), compound (I8) or combinations thereof:

[0142] Aspect 18. The composition according to any of the previous aspects, wherein compound (I) is selected from the group consisting of compound (19), compound (I10), compound (I11), compound (I12), compound (I13), compound (I14), compound (I15), compound (I16), compound (I17), compound (I18) or combinations thereof:

[0143] Aspect 19. The composition according to any of the previous aspects, wherein compound (I) is selected from the group consisting of compound (I19), compound (120), compound (121), compound (122), compound (123) or combinations thereof:

[0144] Aspect 20. The composition according to any of the previous aspects, where formula (i) is formula (i1):

[0145] Aspect 21. The composition according to any of the previous aspects, where each R 1 Methyl is, and each R 2 Hydrogen is.

[0146] Aspect 22. The composition according to any of the previous aspects, wherein the remainder according to formula (ii) is selected from the group consisting of the remainder according to formula (ii1), the remainder according to formula (ii2), the remainder according to formula (ii3), the remainder according to formula (ii4) or combinations thereof are:

[0147] Aspect 23. The composition according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the composition contains: (a) polyol in an amount of 50 to 98 wt.%, preferably 70 to 97 wt.%, further preferably 80 to 96 wt.%, particularly preferably 85 to 95 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition, and / or (b) amine catalyst in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt.%, preferably 0.05 to 3.5 wt.%, further preferably 0.08 to 2.5 wt.%, particularly preferably 0.1 to 1.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition, and / or (c) water in an amount of 0.02 to 10 wt.%, preferably 0.1 to 8 wt.%, further preferably 1 to 7 wt.%, particularly preferably 1.5 to 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition, and / or (d) arylsulfonic acid ester in an amount of 0.01 to 7 contains wt.%, preferably 0.1 to 6 wt.%, more preferably 0.3 to 5 wt.%, particularly preferably 0.5 to 4 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0148] Aspect 24. The composition according to any of the previous aspects, wherein an R 9 in the remainder according to formula (ii) there is a hydrogen and an R 9 in the remainder according to formula (ii) is a remainder according to formula (i).

[0149] Aspect 25. A method for producing a polyurethane foam, comprising (A) providing the composition according to any of the previous aspects, (B) mixing the composition from step (A) with a compound having isocyanate functional groups, and (C) producing the polyurethane foam from the mixture obtained in step (B).

[0150] Aspect 26. Use of an arylsulfonic acid ester according to formula (I) in the production of a polyurethane foam: where a is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, b is 0 to 20, preferably 0 to 15, more preferably 0 to 12, particularly preferably 0. c is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, The sum of a + c is 0 to 20, preferably 3 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. each R 1 independently of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably methyl, is, each R 2 independent of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably hydrogen, is each R 3 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 4 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, R 5 Hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16, -C(O)Me, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), particularly preferably hydrogen, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), is, where R 6 Hydrogen, phenyl, or alkyl group C1-C 10 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, is, each R 7 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 8 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 9 independently of each other hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16, -C(O)Me, or a residue according to formula (i), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, or a residue according to formula (i), particularly preferably hydrogen, or a residue according to formula (i), is, Y is oxygen or -CH2-O-, d is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, e is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, The sum d + e is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5 If the remainder is not the remainder according to formula (ii), then the sum a + b + c is 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5 If the remainder is according to formula (ii), then the sum a + b + c + d + e is 4 to 40, preferably 4 to 30, more preferably 5 to 25, particularly preferably 6 to 20. EXAMPLES

[0151] The following examples serve to illustrate certain elements of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims. However, individual parts of the examples can be used for further delimitation. Various additives are mixed into a composition for the production of a polyurethane foam, and the properties of the resulting foam are measured. Additive 1 is a long-chain chloroparaffin C24-C28 and is used to produce compositions not according to the invention. Additive 2 is methyl tosylate (Sigma-Aldrich®) and is used to produce compositions not according to the invention. Additive 3 is n-octyl tosylate (Tokyo Chemical Industry, TCI) and is used to produce compositions not according to the invention. Additives 2 and 3 are short-chain, monomeric tosylates according to the prior art.Additive 4 is tetraethylene glycol bistosylate (abcr GmbH) and is used to produce compositions according to the invention. The production of additives 5 to 11 is described below. General description of the production of additives

[0152] Prior to the synthesis of the arylsulfonic acid esters according to the invention, the preceding polyether alcohols (polyoxyalkylenes) were either commercially acquired (e.g. pTHF) 250 from BASF) or according to established methods, which are briefly described below. Various publications in the prior art describe the use of alcohols, carboxylic acids, or amines as starting compounds for the alkoxylation reaction to polyether alcohols (polyoxyalkylenes). A good overview of polyoxyalkylenes and methods for their preparation is provided by "N. Schönfeldt, Surface Active Ethylene Oxide Adducts, Pergamon Press, 1969".

[0153] The polyoxyalkylenes used as starting materials in connection with the synthesis of the polyethersulfonic acid according to the invention are preferably colorless to yellow-orange liquids with low viscosity at room temperature (preferably up to about 1000 mPas), which can be clear or opaque.

[0154] The polyether alcohols used in connection with this invention, unless they were commercially acquired, were produced according to the following process: In the first step, a starting compound is reacted with epoxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or any mixtures of these epoxides using a catalyst. Alkaline catalysts known to those skilled in the art, such as potassium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, or double metal cyanide compounds, are used as catalysts for the alkoxylation reaction. The starting compound and catalyst are introduced into the reactor at the beginning of the process, prior to the addition of the alkylene oxide, with the amount of catalyst being adjusted to ensure sufficient catalytic activity for the process. The reaction temperature of the first step is preferably between 80 and 220 °C, and particularly preferably between 100 and 180 °C. The pressure of the first step is preferably between 0.5 bar and 20 bar, and more preferably between 1.0 bar and 12 bar (absolute).

[0155] The epoxide monomers can be used in pure form or mixed to obtain homopolymers or statistical copolymers. Following the addition of a first monomer or monomer mixture, further monomers can be added to obtain block structures. Alternatively, the addition of further epoxides to an epoxide already present in the reaction mixture can be carried out continuously over time, creating an increasing concentration gradient of the continuously added epoxide. The relationship between dosage and product structure is well known to those skilled in the art.

[0156] After the completion of the epoxide addition, a secondary reaction typically follows to complete the conversion. This secondary reaction can be carried out, for example, by continuing the reaction under controlled conditions (i.e., maintaining the temperature and pressure) without adding any reactants. Preferably, the secondary reaction is carried out by mixing the reaction mixture, particularly by stirring.

[0157] In an optional second step, residual monomers are removed by vacuum distillation and, if necessary, the reaction product is neutralized with an acid such as lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid or phosphoric acid, and the resulting salts are removed by filtration if necessary.

[0158] In principle, any suitable reactor type that can control the reaction and its heat of reaction can be used for the alkoxylation in the first process step. The first process step can be carried out continuously, semi-continuously, or batchwise in a manner known in process engineering.

[0159] For the polyether alcohols used here, the number-average molar masses determined by the determination of the hydroxyl number are usually used as a basis for subsequent reactions. The preparation of the sulfonic acid esters according to the invention was carried out in accordance with “Yoshida, Y.; Sakakura, Y.; Aso, N.; Okada, S.; Tanabe, Y.: Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 2183-2192.”.

[0160] The following polyether precursors were prepared for the production of the polyether toluenesulfonic acid esters using the above-mentioned general synthesis description: • Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether with a number-average molar mass of 539 g / mol • Poly(propylene glycol) monobutyl ether with a number-average molar mass of 700 g / mol • Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene glycol)-monobutyl ether with a number-average molar mass of 660 g / mol • Poly(propylene glycol) with a number-average molar mass of 485 g / mol • Bis-propoxylated polytetrahydrofuran with a number-average molar mass of 347 g / mol • Glycerin-based poly(propylene glycol) with a number-average molar mass of 668 g / mol • Poly(butylene oxide) monobutyl ether with a number-average molar mass of 731 g / mol Production of Additive 5 - Polyether Tosylate 1

[0161] In a 1 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a KPG stirrer, thermometer, intensive condenser, and pressure-equalizing dropping funnel, 170.9 g (0.32 mol, 1 eq) of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether with a number-average molar mass of 539 g / mol and 32.0 g (0.32 mol, 1 eq) of triethylamine were placed under a nitrogen atmosphere. 3.1 g (0.03 mol, 0.1 eq) of trimethylammonium chloride were added with stirring. Subsequently, 50.3 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid chloride (TsCl₃; 0.26 mol, 0.8 eq) dissolved in 250 mL of dichloromethane were added dropwise via a dropping funnel over 60 min, ensuring the temperature did not exceed 35 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. Then, 100 mL of water were added and the reaction mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel. The phases were separated, and the organic phase was washed twice with 60 mL of 6 N HCl and four times with 200 mL of water. It was dried with magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporator at 45 °C and 10 mbar.147 g (72%) of a yellow, clear liquid were obtained as the product. The product was extracted using [method not specified]. 1 Dog 13 characterized by C NMR spectroscopy. Production of Additive 6 - Polyether Tosylate 2

[0162] In a 2 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a KPG stirrer, thermometer, intensive condenser, and pressure-equalizing dropping funnel, 240.9 g (0.34 mol, 1.0 eq) of poly(propylene glycol) monobutyl ether with a number-average molar mass of 700 g / mol and 34.8 g (0.34 mol, 1.0 eq) of triethylamine were placed under a nitrogen atmosphere. 3.3 g (0.03 mol, 0.1 eq) of trimethylammonium chloride were added with stirring. Subsequently, 59.1 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid chloride (TsCl₂; 0.31 mol, 0.9 eq) dissolved in 200 mL of dichloromethane were added dropwise via a dropping funnel over 35 min, ensuring the temperature did not exceed 35 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature until complete conversion of the TsCl₂ was confirmed by TLC. Then, 150 mL of water were added and the reaction mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel. The phases were separated, and the organic phase was washed four times with 120 mL of 6 N HCl and four times with 250 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution.It was dried with magnesium sulfate and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporator at 45 °C and 10 mbar. 218.5 g (76%) of an orange-brown, clear liquid were obtained as the product. The product was removed by... 1 Dog 13 characterized by C NMR spectroscopy. Production of Additive 7 - Polyether Tosylate 3

[0163] In a 2 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a KPG stirrer, thermometer, intensive condenser, and pressure-equalizing dropping funnel, 200 g (0.3 mol, 1 eq) of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene glycol) monobutyl ether with a number-average molar mass of 660 g / mol and 30.3 g (0.3 mol, 1 eq) of triethylamine were placed under a nitrogen atmosphere. 2.8 g (0.03 mol, 0.1 eq) of trimethylammonium chloride were added with stirring. Subsequently, 40.4 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid chloride (TsCl₂; 0.21 mol, 0.7 eq) dissolved in 400 mL of dichloromethane were added dropwise via a dropping funnel over 2 h, ensuring the temperature did not exceed 35 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. Then, 150 mL of water were added and the reaction mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel. The phases were separated, and the organic phase was washed twice with 60 mL of 6 N HCl and four times with 150 mL of water.It was dried with magnesium sulfate and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporator at 45 °C and 10 mbar. 154 g (69%) of a yellow, clear liquid were obtained as the product. The product was processed by... 1 Dog 13 characterized by C NMR spectroscopy. Production of Additive 8 - Polyether Tosylate 4

[0164] In a 1 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a KPG stirrer, thermometer, intensive condenser, and pressure-equalizing dropping funnel, 87.9 g (0.18 mol, 1 eq) of polypropylene glycol with a number-average molar mass of 485 g / mol and 27.5 g (0.27 mol, 1.5 eq) of triethylamine were placed under a nitrogen atmosphere. 1.7 g (0.02 mol, 0.1 eq) of trimethylammonium chloride were added with stirring. Subsequently, 34.6 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid chloride (TsCl₂; 0.18 mol, 1 eq) dissolved in 200 mL of dichloromethane were added dropwise via a dropping funnel over 30 min, ensuring the temperature did not exceed 35 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature until complete conversion of the TsCl₂ was confirmed by TLC. Then, 100 mL of water were added and the reaction mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel. The phases were separated, and the organic phase was washed three times with 60 mL of 6 N HCl and four times with 100 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution.It was dried with magnesium sulfate and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporator at 45 °C and 10 mbar. 92 g (80%) of a yellow-orange colored, clear liquid were obtained as the product. The product was processed by... 1 Dog 13 characterized by C NMR spectroscopy. Production of Additive 9 - Polyether Tosylate 5

[0165] In a 2 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a KPG stirrer, thermometer, intensive condenser, and pressure-equalizing dropping funnel, 145.5 g (0.30 mol, 1 eq) of polypropylene glycol with a number-average molar mass of 485 g / mol and 59.7 g (0.59 mol, 2 eq) of triethylamine were placed under a nitrogen atmosphere. 2.9 g (0.03 mol, 0.1 eq) of trimethylammonium chloride were added with stirring. Subsequently, 102.9 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid chloride (TsCl₂; 0.54 mol, 1.8 eq) dissolved in 300 mL of dichloromethane were added dropwise via a dropping funnel over 2 h, ensuring the temperature did not exceed 35 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature until complete conversion of the TsCl₂ was confirmed by TLC. Then, 150 mL of water were added and the reaction mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel. The phases were separated, and the organic phase was washed three times with 120 mL of 6 N HCl and four times with 200 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution.It was dried with magnesium sulfate and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporator at 45 °C and 10 mbar. 195 g (88%) of a yellow-orange colored, clear liquid were obtained as the product. The product was treated by... 1 Dog 13 characterized by C NMR spectroscopy. Production of Additive 10 - Polyether Tosylate 6

[0166] In a 2 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a KPG stirrer, thermometer, intensive condenser, and pressure-equalizing dropping funnel, 121.6 g (0.35 mol, 1 eq) of bis-propoxylated polytetrahydrofuran with a number-average molar mass of 347 g / mol and 70.1 g (0.69 mol, 2 eq) of triethylamine were placed under a nitrogen atmosphere. 3.3 g (0.03 mol, 0.1 eq) of trimethylammonium chloride were added with stirring. Subsequently, 120.1 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid chloride (TsCl₂; 0.63 mol, 1.8 eq) dissolved in 400 mL of dichloromethane was added dropwise via a dropping funnel over 2 h, ensuring the temperature did not exceed 35 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature until complete conversion of the TsCl₂ was confirmed by TLC. Then, 150 mL of water were added and the reaction mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel. The phases were separated, and the organic phase was washed three times with 100 mL of 6 N HCl and four times with 200 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution.It was dried with magnesium sulfate and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporator at 45 °C and 10 mbar. 150 g (72%) of a yellowish-brown, clear liquid were obtained as the product. The product was processed by... 1 Dog 13 characterized by C NMR spectroscopy. Production of Additive 11 - Polyether Tosylate 7

[0167] In a 2 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a KPG stirrer, thermometer, intensive condenser, and pressure-equalizing dropping funnel, 210 g (0.31 mol, 1.0 eq) of glycerol-based polypropylene glycol with a number-average molar mass of 668 g / mol and 62.0 g (0.61 mol, 2.0 eq) of triethylamine were placed under a nitrogen atmosphere. 3.8 g (0.04 mol, 0.1 eq) of trimethylammonium chloride were added with stirring. Subsequently, 89.9 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid chloride (TsCl₂; 0.47 mol, 1.5 eq) dissolved in 250 mL of dichloromethane were added dropwise via a dropping funnel over 20 min, ensuring the temperature did not exceed 35 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature until complete conversion of the TsCl₂ was confirmed by TLC. Then, 150 mL of water were added and the reaction mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel. The phases were separated, and the organic phase was washed three times with 100 mL of 6 N HCl and four times with 200 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution.It was dried with magnesium sulfate and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporator at 45 °C and 10 mbar. 194 g (79%) of a pale yellow, clear liquid were obtained as the product. The product was removed by... 1 Dog 13 characterized by C NMR spectroscopy. Production of Additive 12 - Polyether Tosylate 8

[0168] In a 2 L four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a KPG stirrer, thermometer, intensive condenser, and pressure-equalizing dropping funnel, 241.2 g (0.33 mol, 1 eq) of poly(butylene oxide) monobutyl ether with a number-average molar mass of 731 g / mol and 33.1 g (0.33 mol, 1 eq) of triethylamine were placed under a nitrogen atmosphere. 3.2 g (0.03 mol, 0.1 eq) of trimethylammonium chloride were added with stirring. Subsequently, 56.6 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid chloride (TsCl₂; 0.30 mol, 0.9 eq) dissolved in 200 mL of dichloromethane were added dropwise via a dropping funnel over 30 min, ensuring the temperature did not exceed 35 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature until complete conversion of the TsCl₂ was confirmed by TLC. Then, 100 mL of water were added and the reaction mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel. The phases were separated, and the organic phase was washed four times with 100 mL of 6 N HCl and four times with 200 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution.It was dried with magnesium sulfate and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporator at 45 °C and 10 mbar. 211 g (75%) of a brown liquid were obtained as the product. The product was processed by... 1 Dog 13 characterized by C NMR spectroscopy. General production of polyurethane molded foams for testing additives to improve properties after humid heat storage or for determining volatile components using thermal desorption analysis

[0169] The polyurethane foams were produced in the laboratory as so-called molded foams according to formulations 1, 2, 3, and 4. The foams were produced according to the following specifications at 22 °C and 762 mm Hg atmospheric pressure. A heated aluminum mold with dimensions of 40 × 40 × 10 cm was used for foam production. The mold temperature was either 50 ± 2 °C (formulations 1, 2, and 4) or 60 ± 2 °C (formulation 3). Prior to foam production, the mold was treated with a solvent-based release agent. Table 1: Formulation 1: MDI, mold temperature 50 °C, demolding time 4 minutes Material Menge Polyol (a), Arcol ® 1374* 1 100 pphp Zellöffner, Voranol ® CP 1421* 2 1.30 pphp Networker, DABCO ® DEOA 85* 3 0.71 pphp Water (c)* 4 3.39 pphp Fuel catalyst (b), DABCO ® NE 300 *5 0.15 pphp Gel Catalyst (b), DABCO ® NE 1600 *6 0.60 pphp Foam stabilizer, TEGOSTAB ® B 8734 LF2* 7 1.00 pphp Additive × pphp (siehe Tabellen unten) Compound with isocyanate functional groups (e) Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (Suprasec) ® 2447) Index 95* 8 Table 2: Formulation 2, MDI, mold temperature 50 °C, demolding time 4 minutes Material Menge Polyol (a), Arcol ® 1374* 1 100 pphp Zellöffner, Voranol ® CP 1421* 2 1.30 pphp Crosslinking agent, diethanolamine DEOA (15% water) *10 0.71 pphp Water (c)* 4 3.39 pphp Fuel catalyst (b), DABCO ® NE 300 *5 0.15 pphp Gel Catalyst (b), DABCO ® NE 1550 *9 0.60 pphp Schaumstabilisator, TEGOSTAB ® B 8734 LF 2* 7 1.00 pphp Additive × pphp Compound with isocyanate functional groups (e) Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (Suprasec) ® 2447) Index 95* 8 Table 3: Formulation 3, TDI, mold temperature 60 °C, demolding time 5 minutes Material Menge Polyol (a), Hyperlite ® 1629* 11 70 pphp Zellöffner, Voranol ® CP 1421* 2 30 pphp Networker, DABCO ® DEOA 85* 3 0.94 pphp Water (c) * 4 2.86 pphp Fuel catalyst (b), DABCO ® NE 300 *5 0.15 pphp Gel Catalyst (b), DABCO ® NE 1600* 6 0.60 pphp Foam stabilizer, TEGOSTAB ® B 8761 LF2 *13 0.70 pphp Glycerin *14 0.60 pphp Additive x pphp Compound with isocyanate functional groups (e) T80 Index 90* 15 Table 4: Formulation 4, MDI, mold temperature 50 °C, demolding time 4.5 minutes Material Menge Polyol (a), Arcol ® 1374* 1 100 pphp Zellöffner, Voranol ® CP 1421* 2 1.00 pphp Crosslinking agent (b), Diethanolamine DEOA (15% water) *10 0.82 pphp Water (c)* 4 3.48 pphp Fuel catalyst, DABCO ® DMEA* 16 0.30 pphp Gel catalyst, TEGOAMIN ® ZE 1* 17 0.60 pphp Schaumstabilisator, TEGOSTAB ® B 8734 LF 2* 7 0.50 pphp Additive × pphp Compound with isocyanate functional groups (e) Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (Suprasec) ® 2447) Index 95* 8 Compounds used: *1 Arcol ® 1374, polyether triol, Covestro AG *2 Voranol ® CP 1421 Polyol, cell opener, The Dow Chemical Company *3 DABCO ® DEOA 85 (Diethanolamine 85% in water, crosslinker from Evonik) ® Industries AG) *4 Water (fully demineralized, chemical propellant) *5 DABCO ® NE 300, amine catalyst, (fuel catalyst from Evonik) ® Industries AG, reactive propellant catalyst towards isocyanates) *6 DABCO ® NE 1600 Amine catalyst, (Gel catalyst from Evonik) ® Industries AG, gel catalyst reactive towards isocyanates, contains tin compounds) *7 TEGOSTAB ® B 8734 LF 2 (Foam stabilizer from Evonik) ® Industries AG) *8 Suprasec ® 2447, MDI from Huntsman *9 DABCO® NE 1550 Amine catalyst (Gel catalyst from Evonik) ® Industries AG, reactive gel catalyst towards isocyanates) *10 DABCO ® DEOA 85 (Diethanolamine 85% in water, crosslinker from Evonik) ® Industries AG) *11 Hyperlite ® 1629, polyether triol, Covestro AG *12 Hyperlite ® 1650, Polyethertriol SAN filled, Covestro AG *13 TEGOSTAB ® B 8761 LF 2 (Foam stabilizer from Evonik) ® ) *14 Glycerin (crosslinker) *15 DESMODUR T80 Index 90 (TDI from Covestro) ® ) *16 DABCO ® DMEA, amine catalyst, (fuel catalyst from Evonik) ® ) *17 TEGOAMINE ® ZE 1, amine catalyst, (gel catalyst from Evonik) ® )

[0170] For the production of the polyurethane molded foams according to formulations 1 and 2 (MDI formulations), 600 g of the polyol Arcol were used in each case. ® 1374 was used, for foams according to formulation 4 (also MDI) 700 g Arcol was used. ® 1374 was used. For the production of polyurethane molding foams according to formulation 3 (TDI formulation), 420 g of the polyol Hyperlite were used. ® 1629 and 180 g of the polyol Hyperlite ® 1650 was used. The other formulation components were converted accordingly. For example, 1.0 part (1.0 pphp) of a component meant 1.0 g of that substance per 100 g of polyol (formulations 1, 2 and 4: polyol is Arcol). ® 1374, Formulation 3: Polyol is Hyperlite ® 1629). For example, formulation 1 contains 0.71 g of the crosslinking agent DABCO® DEOA 85 per 100 g of Arcol. ®1374. To produce the corresponding foam, the polyols were combined with all other formulation components except the diisocyanate and the additive, and mixed for one minute with a paddle stirrer at 1000 revolutions per minute to form a premix.

[0171] Subsequently, within a few seconds, 337 g of methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (formulations 1 and 2), 405 g of methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (formulation 4), or 201 g of toluene diisocyanate (formulation 3, isomer ratio 2,4-toluene diisocyanate : 2,6-toluene diisocyanate = 80 : 20) was added to the respective premix mentioned above, and the mixture was stirred for 7 seconds at 2500 revolutions per minute. The polymerizing and foaming reaction mixture was transferred to the aluminum mold within a few seconds, and the mold was sealed until demolding. After 4 minutes (formulations 1 and 2), 5 minutes (formulation 3), or 4.5 minutes (formulation 4), the finished foam cushion was removed. The foam cushion was then manually pressed into place. The foam body was weighed and conditioned for at least 168 hours at constant temperature and humidity before being cut to size and further tests were carried out. Example 1: Physical properties of the test foams

[0172] The foams produced, along with the quantities of additives used and their foam properties, are listed in the following tables. Moist heat storage and application-related tests of the foam properties a) Moist heat storage

[0173] Humid aging of the test specimens was carried out in accordance with DIN EN ISO 2440. The specimens were exposed to water vapor at 120 °C or 100% relative humidity for 15 hours. After humid aging, the specimens were dried for 3 hours at 70 °C in a drying oven with air exchange. For simplicity, measurement results from specimens after humid aging are marked HA (Humid Aged), while results for specimens without humid aging are marked amb (ambient). b) Measurement of compression hardness (compressive stress under compression)

[0174] The compressive stress was determined for both unaged and humid-aged foam test specimens measuring 7 x 7 x 3 cm at a compression of 40% in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3386:2015-10. After measuring the compressive stress, the respective unaged foam test specimen was subjected to humid heat storage and subsequently, after drying and conditioning, retested for compressive stress. The measured values ​​were given in kilopascals. The decrease in the compressive stress of the foam test specimen after humid heat storage is also referred to as HALL (Humid Aged Load Loss). c) Measurement of compression set

[0175] Five specimens measuring 5 cm x 5 cm x 2.5 cm were cut from each of the finished foams. The initial thickness d0 was measured. The compression set DVR (50% / 22 h / 70°C) was measured for both unaged and moist-heat-aged foam specimens in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1856:2020-11. For this purpose, the specimens were compressed to half their thickness (i.e., to 12.5 mm) and then placed in an oven at 70 ± 1 °C for 22 hours. The relaxation time until the thickness d was measured again was [not specified in the original text]. r (After relaxation) was 30 minutes. The results are given as a percentage according to the following formula: DVR=(d0-d r ) / d0 x 100% (d0 = original thickness, d r (Thickness after relaxation). The compression set of the respective test specimens after humid heat storage is also referred to as HACS (humid Aged Compression Set). d) Measurement of tensile strength and elongation at break

[0176] The tensile strength (at fracture) and elongation at break were determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1798:2008-04. Tensile strength values ​​are given in kilopascals (kPa), and elongation at break values ​​in percent (%). Table 5: Physical properties of the test foams according to formulation 1 before and after humid aging. amb = ambient - before humid aging, HA = after humid aging, 15 h, 120 °C, 100% relative humidity, quantities of the various additives in pphp (see tables for formulations 1 to 3). Components (x pphp) for Formulierung 1 Schaumnummer VB 1 VB 2 VB 3 VB 4 VB 5 6 7 8 9 Additiv 1 - Chlorparaffin(Nicht erfindungsgemäß) inpphp 1,0 Additiv 2 - Methyltosylate(Nicht erfindungsgemäß)in pphp 1,0 Additiv 3 - nOctyltosylat(Nicht erfindungsgemäß)in pphp 0,5 1,0 Additiv 4 - Tetraethylentglycolbistosylate in pphp 0,9 1,3 Additiv 5 - Polyether-Tosylat 1in pphp 1,0 Additiv 7 - Polyether-Tosylat 3in pphp 1,75 Ergebnisse Stauchhärte amb in kPa 6,1 7,2 7,3 7,7 5,8 7,7 5,5 6,0 6,0 Stauchhärte HA in kPa 3,7 3,9 4,0 3,9 4,2 4,5 4,3 3,6 3,4 AbnahmeStauchhärte (HALL) in % 39,3 46,5 44,4 49,5 28,8 41,2 38,2 38,7 40,8 Zugfestigkeit bei Bruch ambin kPa 162 144,5 175 131 148 150,8 138,2 153 135 Zugfestigkeit bei Bruch HAin kPa 107 112 135 121 121 112 121 109 96 Abnahme Zugfestigkeit bei Bruch in % 33,5 22,8 22,6 7,1 18,8 25,5 12,2 29,7 28,6 Bruchdehnung amb in % 106 97,7 91,5 85 99 96,8 88,2 92,1 99 Bruchdehnung HA in % 149 136 133 131 134 128 125 148 138 Veränderung Bruchdehnung in % 40,6 38,7 45,2 54,9 35,1 31,8 41,8 60,1 39 Compression set (50%, 22h, 70°C) in % 6,4 6,62 7,9 7,4 7,6 6,4 8,3 7,0 6,5 Compression set (50%, 22h, 70°C) HA in % 31,5 23,7 17,4 24,9 20,1 16,4 19,0 21,1 22,9 VB = Comparison example

[0177] Continuation of Table 5: Components (x pphp) for Formulation 1 Foam number 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Additive 8 - Polyether Tosylate 4 1,0 2,0 Additive 9 - Polyether Tosylate 5 0,5 2,0 Additive 10 - Polyether Tosylate 6 1,0 2,0 Additive 11 - Polyether Tosylate 7 1,0 2,0 Additive 12 - polyether tosylate 8 2,0 Results Compression hardness amb inkPa 6,3 7,0 6,7 6,5 6,8 7,3 6,0 6,5 7,2 Compression hardness HA in kPa 3,8 4,4 3,9 4,2 4,5 5,0 3,7 4,0 4,6 Decrease in compression hardness (HALL) in % 40,2 37,4 41,8 35,4 33,0 31,1 39,0 38,3 36,3 Tensile strength at breaking point in kPa 151 155 166 149 167 168 176 172 168 Tensile strength at fracture HA in kPa 119 108 125 136 137 141 123 138 129 acceptance Tensile strength at Fraction in % 21,3 30,3 24,8 8,6 17,7 15,9 30,3 19,4 23,5 Elongation at break in % 94 93 102 101 98 100 104 99 100 Elongation at break HA in % 135 133 136 135 135 131 135 139 128 change Elongation at break in % 43,1 42,2 33,5 33,4 38,1 31,2 30,0 40,3 28,3 Compression set (50%, 22h, 70°C) ambin % 7,5 8,1 6,9 7,7 7,9 8,5 7,6 8,1 8,6 Compression set (50%, 22h, 70°C) HA in % 25,3 21,2 23,4 19,3 24,7 22,3 24,5 21,2 28,2

[0178] Table 5 shows the results of measurements of the physical properties of MDI foams with the additives 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 according to the invention, compared to a foam without a moist heat storage additive (foam 1) and foams with non-inventive additives 1, 2, and 3 (foams 2, 3, 4, and 5). Moist heat storage of MDI foams generally leads to a deterioration in compression hardness (CLD) and compression set. The purpose of using the moist heat storage additives in MDI foams is to counteract this deterioration (increase) in compression set and to prevent a significant decrease in compression hardness. For foam 1 without a moist heat storage additive, the compression set after moist heat storage is 31.5%. With the non-inventive additive 1 (foam 2), an improvement of 23.7% is achieved. However, foam 2 exhibits an undesirably high decrease in compression hardness of 46.5%.With the non-inventive additives 2 and 3, a significant improvement in compression set after moist heat storage is also observed. However, additives 2 and 3 exhibit crucial disadvantages, such as a substantial contribution to foam emissions and low stability in polyurethane systems, which will be illustrated in more detail later. Surprisingly, the use of the additives according to the invention achieves very good values ​​for compression set, which in some cases are below 25% and in some cases even below 21%. The reduction in tensile strength upon fracture after moist heat storage is also minimized by the use of the additives according to the invention compared to foam 1.

[0179] Table 6. Physical properties of the test foams according to formulation 2 before and after humid aging. amb = ambient - before humid aging, HA = after humid aging, 15 h, 120 °C, 100% relative humidity, quantities of the various additives in pph. Components (x pphp) for formulation 2 Foam number VB 19 VB 20 21 22 23 24 25 Additive 2 - Methyl tosylate (not according to the invention) 1,0 Additive 5 - Polyether Tosylate 1 1,75 3,5 Additive 6 - Polyether Tosylate 2 3,6 Additive 9 - Polyether Tosylate 5 1,0 2,0 Results Compression hardness amb in kPa 6,6 7,4 7,0 7,4 7,2 6,9 6,9 Compression hardness HA in kPa 4,2 4,3 4,2 4,8 4,5 4,4 4,6 Decrease in compression hardness (HALL) in %HALL 32,3 41,6 39,2 35,2 37,5 35,8 33,7 Tensile strength at breaking point in kPa 132 172 131 132 143 157 156 Tensile strength at fracture HA in kPa 74 119 89 97 98 84 101 Decrease in tensile strength at break in % (comparison to HA) 44,0 31,1 32,2 26,4 31,2 46,3 35,3 Elongation at break in % 78 99 82 84 97,2 90 95 Elongation at break HA in % 97 118 108 98 111 111 107 Change in elongation at break in % (compared to HA) 11,9 17,3 31,3 16,4 14,2 23,1 13,1 Compression set (50%, 22h, 70°C) in % 6,2 7,1 7,4 8,2 6,1 8,0 8,2 Compression set (50%, 22h, 70°C) HA in % 35,6 26,6 30,7 24,4 30,3 32,9 26,7 VB = Comparison example

[0180] Table 6 shows the results of measurements of the physical properties of MDI foams according to formulation 2 with the additives 5, 6, and 9 according to the invention, compared to a foam without a moist heat storage additive and a foam with the non-inventive additive 2. Formulation 2 differs from formulation 1 in that DABCO® NE 1550 is used as a purely amine reactive gel catalyst. As with the non-inventive additive 2, the use of the additives 5, 6, and 9 according to the invention results in a significant improvement in the compression set after moist heat storage compared to the foam without additives (foam 19). All of the additives mentioned also increase the tensile strength at fracture after moist heat storage.

[0181] Table 7. Physical properties of the test foams according to formulation 3 before and after humid aging. amb = ambient - before humid aging, HA = after humid aging, 15 h, 120 °C, 100% relative humidity, quantities of the various additives in pph. Components (x pphp) for Formulation 3 Foam number VB 26 VB 27 28 29 30 31 32 Additive 3 - nOctyl tosylate 1,0 Additive 5 -Polyether tosylate 1 1,0 3 Additive 9 - Polyether Tosylate 5 1,0 Additive 11 - Polyether Tosylate 7 1,0 2,0 Compression hardness ambient inkPa 2,5 3,2 2,9 2,8 2,6 2,7 2,6 Compression hardness HA in kPa 0,8 1,8 1,6 1,6 2,1 2,0 2,2 decrease of Compression hardness (HALL) in % 67,7 44,1 42,9 41,7 19,2 24,5 16,0 Tensile strength at breaking environment in kPa 129 124 105 104 148 144 136 Tensile strength at fracture HAin kPa n / a 78 39 70 74 56 80 Decrease in tensile strength Fraction in % n / a . 37,2 62,9 32,5 50,2 61,2 41,6 Elongation at break 130 109 119 122 134 130 126 Elongation at break HA n / a 145 98 160 144 114 146 Change in elongation at break in % n / a . 33,5 -17,4 31,2 7,5 -12,1 15,7 Compression set (50%, 22h, 70°C) amb 13,1 8,7 8,4 8,4 8,3 9,0 9,5 Compression set (50%, 22h, 70°C) HA 8,8 12,9 8,0 11,8 12,8 12,4 14,4 VB = Comparison example

[0182] Table 7 shows the results of the measurements of the physical properties of the TDI foams according to formulation 3 with the additives 5, 9, and 11 according to the invention, compared to a foam without the moist heat storage additive and to the non-inventive additive 3. In contrast to the MDI foams of formulations 1 and 2, the TDI foams according to formulation 3 are generally even more sensitive to moist heat storage, as demonstrated by the example of foam 26 (without additive). Unlike MDI foams, the compression set of the TDI foams according to formulation 3 is not critically impaired by moist heat storage. Therefore, the following discussion will focus particularly on the effect of the additives according to the invention on the change in compression hardness, tensile strength, and elongation at break after moist heat storage. The compression hardness of foam 26 (without the moist heat storage additive) decreases significantly by 67.7% after moist heat storage.The tensile strength and elongation at break of the test specimens of foam 26 are not measurable, as they tear immediately upon being pulled apart. Overall, humid heat storage thus causes a significant deterioration of the material properties of foam 26. When using the additives 5, 9, and 11 according to the invention, the decrease in compression hardness after humid heat storage can always be limited to less than 43%, which demonstrates an improvement in the mechanical integrity of the foams. In the case of foams 30, 31, and 32, even excellent values ​​of reductions in compression hardness of less than 25% are observed. The use of the additives also results in a substantial improvement in tensile strength and elongation at break. Furthermore, it can be seen that with the use of additives 5 and 11, an increased amount of the respective additive leads to a further increase in tensile strength. Example 2: Test method for determining the influence of additives on the rise time of polyurethane foam (test on free-rising foam)

[0183] To determine the rise times, a mixture according to formulation 2 was prepared with all components except the methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (see above) and additionally treated with 1 pphp of the corresponding additive. After storage times of 1, 3, 6, 9, and 21 days, respectively, 108 g of the mixtures were stirred for one minute at 1000 rpm and then treated with 56.2 g of methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (Suprasec 2447). After the addition of the methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, the already polymerizing mixtures were stirred for 7 seconds at 2500 rpm and transferred to an open-topped, approximately cylindrical cardboard beaker with a circular base of 168 cm². 2The foam was given a specific temperature and height. Using a height measuring system (device type FOAMAT® 285, measuring principle: ultrasound), the rise time required for the foam to reach 98% of its maximum height was then determined. The rise time of the freshly mixed system according to formulation 2 without additives was approximately 87 + / - 2 seconds. If the foam's rise was not complete after 5 minutes, a rise time greater than 300 seconds was recorded.

[0184] Table 8. Influence of the moist heat storage additives on the rise time of polyurethane foam system (formulation 2) after storage for up to 21 days. The rise time corresponds to the measured time at which 98% of the maximum foam height is reached and is shown in seconds (s). If the rise process was not complete after 5 minutes or 300 seconds, a rise time > 300 seconds was reported; X = not measured. Additive, 1 pphp each initial Day 1 Day 3 Day 6 Day 9 Day 21 No additive 87 87 90 90 88 88 Additive 1 - long-chain chloroparaffin C24-C28, not according to the invention 86 87 89 92 89 91 Additive 2 - Methyl tosylate, not according to the invention 102 > 300 X X X X Additive 3 - nOctyl tosylate, not according to the invention 85 88 92 94 X 110 Additive 5 - Polyether tosylate 1, according to the invention 85 91 98 106 X 120 Additive 7 - Polyether tosylate 3, according to the invention 87 88 89 90 X 91 Additive 8 - Polyether tosylate 4, according to the invention 89 89 90 X X 89 Additive 9 - Polyether tosylate 5, according to the invention 85 85 85 X 85 84 Additive 10 - Polyether tosylate 6, according to the invention 84 86 89 93 96 102 Additive 12 - Polyether tosylate 8, according to the invention 85 85 86 88 89 87

[0185] Table 8 shows the rise time of an MDI-polyurethane foam system according to formulation 2, which is required until the respective foam reaches 98% of its final height. For the foam system without additives, rise times of 87–90 seconds were measured from the measurement immediately after mixing until foaming after 21 days of storage. The small variation of 3 seconds shows that the reactivity of the system does not change, or changes almost not, over the period of 21 days or three weeks.

[0186] When using the non-inventive additive 1, the rise time changes only minimally, by less than 5 seconds, over the measurement period. In contrast, the use of the non-inventive additive 2 (methyl tosylate) leads directly to an increase in the rise time to 102 seconds immediately after mixing the system without further storage, thus resulting in a significant delay in the rise behavior. After one day of storage of the system with additive 2, it was foamed again. This time, the rise behavior was extremely delayed, so that the foam's rise process was not yet complete even after 300 seconds. The test system with the non-inventive additive 3 shows no delay compared to the formulation without the additive immediately after mixing. However, after 21 days, an increased rise time of 110 seconds is measured.When using the polyether tosylates 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8 according to the invention, only polyether tosylates 1 and 6 show a slight increase in the rise time after 21 days. Surprisingly, polyether tosylates 3, 5, 7, and 8 have no or only a negligible effect on the rise time after storage for up to 21 days. Thus, these polyether tosylates manage to combine high system stability (negligible effect on the rise time after storage) with a very good improvement in physical properties after humid heat storage. Example 3: Thermal desorption analysis for foams according to VDA 278

[0187] Foams (according to formulation 4) containing both prior art additives and the additives according to the invention were investigated using thermal desorption analysis according to VDA 278. The emissions attributable to an additive were determined by measuring the VOC or FOG value of the respective foam and subtracting the blank value measured in the analysis of a foam without the additive. Example: VOC (additive in foam 33) = VOC (foam 33) - VOC (reference foam without additive). Table 9 lists the additives used and the measurement results.

[0188] The materials are characterized with regard to the type and quantity of organic substances that can be outgassed from them. For this purpose, two semi-quantitative sum values ​​are determined, allowing an estimation of the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC value) and the proportion of condensable substances (FOG value). Furthermore, individual emitted substances are determined. During the analysis, the samples are thermally extracted, the emissions are separated by gas chromatography, and detected by mass spectrometry. The total concentrations obtained for the VOC fraction are calculated in toluene equivalents, yielding the VOC value; the FOG fraction is expressed in hexadecane equivalents, yielding the FOG value.

[0189] This analytical method is used to determine emissions from non-metallic materials used in molded parts for motor vehicles, including foams. In thermal desorption analysis (TDS), small quantities of material are heated in a desorption tube under controlled conditions. The emitted volatile substances are cryofocused in a cold trap of a temperature-programmable evaporator using an inert gas stream. After the heating phase, the cold trap is rapidly heated to 280°C. The focused substances then evaporate. They are subsequently separated in a gas chromatographic column and detected by mass spectrometry. A semi-quantitative estimation of the emission, expressed in µg / g, is possible through calibration with reference substances. Toluene is used as a quantitative reference substance for VOC analysis (VOC value), and n-hexadecane for the fog value.Substances can be identified based on their mass spectra and retention indices. Source: VDA 278 / 10.2011, www.vda.de.

[0190] The determined amount of benzaldehyde is expressed in toluene equivalents (mg / g). Analytical test specimens: sample preparation, sampling, and specimen dimensions.

[0191] After demolding, the foams are stored for 24 hours at 21°C and approximately 50% relative humidity. Samples are then taken from suitable and representative locations, evenly distributed across the width of the (cooled) molded part. The foams are then wrapped in aluminum foil and sealed in a polyethylene bag. Each sample contains 10-15 mg of foam, which is inserted into the desorption tube. Test procedure: VOC / FOG thermal desorption.

[0192] Immediately upon receipt of the sealed samples, they are subjected to direct analysis. Before the start of the analysis, the samples are weighed on an analytical balance to an accuracy of 0.1 mg, and the corresponding amount of foam is placed in the center of the desorption tube. A stream of helium is passed over the sample, which is then heated to 90°C for 30 minutes. All volatile substances are collected in a cold trap cooled with liquid nitrogen. After 30 minutes, the cold trap is heated to 280°C. The evaporating substances are separated from each other using the described gas chromatographic column and subsequently analyzed by mass spectrometry.

[0193] Instrument parameters GC-MS. The following instrument is used for the analysis: Gerstel GmbH, Eberhard-Gerstel-Platz 1, D-45473 Mühlheim an der Ruhr, TDS-3 / KAS-4 Tenax® desorption tubes, Agilent Technologies 7890A (GC) / 5975C (MS), column: HP Ultra2 (50 mL, 0.32 mm, 0.52 mm), carrier gas: helium.

[0194] Table 9: Additive-induced foam emissions according to thermal desorption analysis according to VDA 278. Additive quantity is given in ppm, as is the quantity of VOC or FOG relative to the proportion of the foam mass in ppm, and the quantities of the various additives are given in ppm. Foam number VB33 VB34 VB35 VB36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Additive 1 - not in accordance with the invention 1,0 Additive 2 - Methyl tosylate, not according to the invention 1,0 Additive 3 - n-Octyl tosylate, not according to the invention 1,0 2,0 Additive 4 - Tetraethylene glycol bistosylate according to the invention 1,0 2,0 Additive 6 - Polyether tosylate 2, according to the invention 1,0 Additive 8 - Polyether tosylate 4, according to the invention 2,0 Additive 9 - Polyether tosylate 5, according to the invention 2,0 Additive 11 - Polyether tosylate 7, according to the invention 1,0 VOC [ppm] 10 90 113 200 10 10 10 20 40 10 FOG [ppm] 10 30 401 649 10 10 60 170 370 30

[0195] Additive 1 exhibits very low contributions to foam emissions of only 10 ppm in both the VOC and FOG ranges. Even though the foam emissions of Additive 1 are low, the emission of toxic chlorinated hydrocarbons is undesirable.

[0196] In the case of additives 2 and 3 (short-chain, monomeric tosylates) not according to the invention, relatively high emissions of 90–113 ppm in the VOC range are found at an application rate of 1 ppm. For the polyether tosylates according to the invention (including additive 4 – tetraethylene glycol bistosylate), only low VOC values ​​below 50 ppm are found at application rates of 1–2 ppm. This shows that, compared to the low-molecular-weight tosylates, the polyether tosylates not only exhibit significantly better system stability (negligible influence on the rise time after storage) and improved physical properties after humid heat storage, but also a more advantageous VOC and emission profile. The FOG values ​​of the foams containing the polyether tosylates are also very low compared to additive 3 – especially for polyether tosylates 2 and 7. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] EP 1 834 974 A3

[0004] US 20190100638A1

[0005] US 2022 / 0033603 A1

[0006] WO 2022034151 A1

[0007] US 4,394,491

[0039] WO 03 / 016373 A1

[0042] WO 01 / 58976 A1

[0042] WO 04060956 A1

[0042] WO 03 / 016372 A1

[0042] WO 03 / 055930 A1

[0042] Cited non-patent literature

[0000] N. Schönfeldt, Surface Active Ethylene Oxide Adducts, Pergamon Press, 1969

[0152] Yoshida, Y.; Sakakura, Y.; Aso, N.; Okada, S.; Tanabe, Y.: Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 2183-2192

[0159] DIN EN ISO 2440

[0173] DIN EN ISO 3386:2015-10

[0174] DIN EN ISO 1856:2020-11

[0175] DIN EN ISO 1798:2008-04

[0176]

Claims

[1] A composition for the production of a polyurethane foam, comprising: (a) a polyol, (b) an amine catalyst, (c) Propellant, preferably water, (d) Arylsulfonic acid esters according to compound (I) where a is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, b is 0 to 20, preferably 0 to 15, more preferably 0 to 12, particularly preferably 0. c is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, The sum of a + c is 0 to 20, preferably 3 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. each R 1 independently of one another hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably methyl, is, each R 2 independent of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably hydrogen, is each R 3independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 4 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, R 5 Hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16 , -C(O)Me, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), particularly preferably hydrogen, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), is, where R 6 Hydrogen, phenyl, or alkyl group C1-C 10 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, is, each R 7 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably methyl, is each R 8 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably methyl, is each R 9 independently of each other hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16 , -C(O)Me, or a residue according to formula (i), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, or a residue according to formula (i), particularly preferably hydrogen, or a residue according to formula (i), is, Y is oxygen or -CH2-O-, d is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, e is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, the sum d + e is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5If the remainder is not the remainder according to formula (ii), then the sum a + b + c is 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5 If the remainder is according to formula (ii), then the sum a + b + c + d + e is 4 to 40, preferably 4 to 30, more preferably 5 to 25, particularly preferably 6 to 20. [2] The composition according to claim 1, wherein the arylsulfonic acid ester (b) is the arylsulfonic acid ester according to compound (12): where a is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, c is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, each R 1 independently of one another hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably methyl, is, each R 2 independent of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably hydrogen, is each R 3independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 4 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, R 5 Hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16 , -C(O)Me, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), especially preferably hydrogen, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), is where R 6 Hydrogen, phenyl, or alkyl group C1-C 10 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, is, each R 7 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 8 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 9 independently of each other hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16 , -C(O)Me, or a residue according to formula (i), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, or a residue according to formula (i), particularly preferably hydrogen, or a residue according to formula (i), is, Y is oxygen or -CH2-O-, d is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, e is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, The sum d + e is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R5 If the remainder is not the remainder according to formula (ii), then the sum a + c is 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5 If the remainder is according to formula (ii), then the sum a + c + d + e is 4 to 40, preferably 4 to 30, more preferably 5 to 25, particularly preferably 6 to 20. [3] The composition according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the composition further (e) contains a compound with isocyanate functional groups or the composition (e) does not contain a compound with isocyanate functional groups. [4] The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compound with isocyanate-functional groups comprises hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), phenylene diisocyanate (PDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and / or isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), preferably toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and / or diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), particularly preferably toluene diisocyanate (TDI). [5] The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amine catalyst (b) is selected from the group consisting of triethylenediamine, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-methanol, diethanolamine, N-[2-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethyl]-N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine, 2-[[2-(2-(Dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethyl]methylamino]ethanol, 1,1'-[(3-{bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]amino}propyl)imino]dipropan-2-ol, [3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]urea, 1,3-Bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea, amine catalysts of general structure (1a) and / or amine catalysts of general structure (1b): where each Y independently of each other -NR VIII R IX or -OR IX is, R I a linear, cyclic, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon with 1-8 carbon atoms, optionally functionalized with an -OH group or hydrogen, R IIa linear, cyclic, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon with 1-8 carbon atoms, optionally functionalized with an -OH group or hydrogen, X Oxygen, nitrogen, hydroxyl, amines of structure -NR III - or -NR III R IV or urea groups of structure -NR V CONR VI - or -NR VII CONR VI R VII is, each R III-IX independently of each other a linear, cyclic, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon with 1-8 carbon atoms, optionally functionalized with an -OH group, a -NH- or a -NH2 group or hydrogen m = 0 to 4, preferably 2 or 3, n = 2 to 6, preferably 2 or 3, i = 0 to 3, preferably 0-2, where R XHydrogen, or a linear, branched or cyclic aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon with 1–18 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with a hydroxyl group and / or optionally with an -NH2 group, Z oxygen, -NR X - or -CH2 is. [6] The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition further comprises a propellant catalyst, preferably 2-[N-(dimethylaminoethoxyethyl)-N-methylamino]ethanol, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl-N'-methyl-N'-ethanol, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, N,N,N'-trimethyl-N'-3-aminopropyl-bis(aminoethyl) ether, and / or bis-(dimethylamino)ethyl ether. [7] The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition further comprises a metal catalyst, preferably the metal catalyst being an organometallic metal salt, organic metal salt, inorganic metal salt and / or organometallic compound, wherein the metal is Sn, Bi, Zn, Al or K, preferably Sn, Zn and / or Bi. [8] The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the molecular weight of the arylsulfonic acid ester (d) is 300 g / mol to 20,000 g / mol, preferably 340 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol, more preferably 400 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol, further preferably 450 g / mol to 2,000 g / mol, particularly preferably 500 g / mol to 1,000 g / mol. [9] The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compound (I) is selected from the group consisting of compound (11), compound (12), compound (I3), compound (14), compound (I5), compound (16), compound (I7), compound (I8), compound (19), compound (I10), compound (111), compound (I12), compound (I13), compound (I14), compound (I15), compound (I16), compound (I17), compound (I18), compound (I19), compound (120), compound (121), compound (122), compound (123) or combinations thereof: [10] The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein formula (i) is formula (i1): [11] The composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each R 1 Methyl is, and each R 2 Hydrogen is. [12] The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein formula (ii) is selected from the group consisting of formula (ii1), formula (ii2), formula (ii3), formula (ii4) or combinations thereof are: [13] The composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition: (a) contains polyol in an amount of 50 to 98 wt.%, preferably 70 to 97 wt.%, more preferably 80 to 96 wt.%, particularly preferably 85 to 95 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition, and / or (b) contains amine catalyst in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt.%, preferably 0.05 to 3.5 wt.%, more preferably 0.08 to 2.5 wt.%, particularly preferably 0.1 to 1.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition, and / or (c) contains water in an amount of 0.02 to 10 wt.%, preferably 0.1 to 8 wt.%, more preferably 1 to 7 wt.%, particularly preferably 1.5 to 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition, and / or (d) Arylsulfonic acid esters in an amount of 0.01 to 7 wt.%, preferably 0.1 to 6 wt.%, more preferably 0.3 to 5 wt.%, particularly preferably 0.5 to 4 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition. [14] A method for producing a polyurethane foam, comprising (A) Providing the composition according to any of the preceding claims, (B) Mixing the composition from step (A) with a compound having isocyanate functional groups, and (C) Production of the polyurethane foam from the mixture obtained in step (B). [15] Use of an arylsulfonic acid ester according to formula (I) in the production of a polyurethane foam: where a is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, b is 0 to 20, preferably 0 to 15, more preferably 0 to 12, particularly preferably 0. c is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, The sum of a + c is 0 to 20, preferably 3 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. each R 1 independently of one another hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably methyl, is, each R 2 independent of each other hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably hydrogen, is each R 3 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 4 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16, preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, R 5 Hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16 , -C(O)Me, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), particularly preferably hydrogen, a residue according to formula (i) or a residue according to formula (ii), is, where R 6 Hydrogen, phenyl, or alkyl group C1-C 10 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, is, each R 7 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16 , preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially preferably methyl, is each R 8 independently of each other hydrogen, phenyl, or an alkyl group C1-C 16, preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, is, each R 9 independently of each other hydrogen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, alkyl group C1-C 16 , -C(O)Me, or a residue according to formula (i), preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, or a residue according to formula (i), particularly preferably hydrogen, or a residue according to formula (i), is, Y is oxygen or -CH2-O-, d is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, e is 0 to 25, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12, The sum d + e is 0 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5 If the remainder is not the remainder according to formula (ii), then the sum a + b + c is 4 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, particularly preferably 4 to 12. if R 5If the remainder is according to formula (ii), then the sum a + b + c + d + e is 4 to 40, preferably 4 to 30, more preferably 5 to 25, particularly preferably 6 to 20.