SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SEPARING SUBSTANCES IN A MIXTURE

Description

Technical field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a system for separating substances in a mixture. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a method for separating substances in a mixture and a method for analyzing substances in a mixture. Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a separation column for separating substances in a mixture. Technical background

[0002] Separation columns for separating mixtures are known from the prior art. A mixture can be fed onto a separation column to separate its constituent substances. Typically, the mixture is fed onto the column along with a carrier fluid (gas or liquid) and forced by a pressure gradient from an inlet to an outlet. During this process, different components of the mixture interact (adsorb) with the column or column material to varying degrees, causing them to exit the column outlet at different times. A detector for analyzing the substances can be positioned at the column outlet.

[0003] Typically, the separation columns are arranged in a column oven. As the mixture is conveyed along the column, the oven temperature is often increased to shift the equilibrium of interactions between the components of the mixture towards desorption. This temperature increase typically promotes the desorption of components from the mixture, thus driving the components along with the carrier fluid. A significant temperature difference, for example, 300 °C, can exist between the point at which the mixture is introduced onto the column (start point) and the point at which the components are discharged from the column (end point). For subsequent separations, the column oven must be cooled back down to the temperature used at the start point.Depending on the temperature at the start time and the cooling capabilities of the column furnace, a considerable amount of time may be necessary to cool the column furnace and make the system ready for the next separation.

[0004] From DE 197 07 114 C1 a gas chromatograph is known in which a heating lamp is used to heat the separation column.

[0005] US 2007 / 009241 A1 relates to a gas chromatography system comprising a radiation source, an insert arranged to receive an output of the radiation source, and an analytical column wound onto a concave surface of the insert such that successive turns of the wound analytical column are in direct contact with each other and exert an outward pressure on the concave surface of the insert, such that the outward pressure minimizes a gap between the analytical column and the concave surface of the insert in order to minimize thermal gradients and maximize heat transfer to the analytical column. Summary of Revelation

[0006] One object of the invention is to provide a rapid and simultaneously high-resolution separation of substances in a mixture. A further object of the invention is to facilitate and / or accelerate the handling of a separation column, for example, the replacement and / or storage of a separation column.

[0007] At least one of the problems is solved by the combination of features in the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.

[0008] Disclosed is a system for separating substances in a mixture, the system comprising a radiation source and a separation column, wherein: the separation column has at least a first section, the first section having at least a first subsection and a second subsection; the radiation source is configured to emit electromagnetic radiation in the direction of the first section to heat the first section, the electromagnetic radiation comprising infrared radiation;and the electromagnetic radiation in the first subsection of the separation column is receivable with a higher intensity than in the second subsection of the separation column, such that the first subsection can be heated more than the second subsection and a temperature gradient can be formed along the first section of the separation column, wherein the first section of the separation column surrounds the radiation source, wherein the first section has a length along the separation column of at least 500 mm and the electromagnetic radiation in the first section of the separation column is receivable in such a way that the temperature gradient is established along the first section.

[0009] Because the electromagnetic radiation is received with varying intensity by different sections of the separation column, a temperature gradient forms along the column. This temperature gradient leads to a constant refocusing of the substances during separation, resulting in improved separation efficiency. As a result, the system can achieve the same separation efficiency as a conventional system with shorter columns, but in significantly shorter analysis times.

[0010] Additionally, within the disclosed system, only the separation column can be heated directly, resulting in a low thermal mass and enabling rapid cooling. Furthermore, the heating power can cease immediately upon switching off the radiation source. Likewise, heating based on electromagnetic radiation allows for a complex geometry of the separation column (complex column guidance). A temperature gradient can also be implemented only in sections of the separation column.

[0011] Since the separation column, unlike in resistive heating, is not connected to the heating element, replacing the separation column is easier and less complicated than in known systems.

[0012] The separation column can be mounted in a chip holder. The chip holder allows for quick and tool-free column replacement. This simplifies handling and also enables the use of different selective phases, column lengths, and / or materials. Well-known rapid separation systems (e.g., gas chromatography systems) are sometimes severely limited in this respect, particularly regarding column length, column diameter, and / or column material. For example, some separation systems can only use metal columns.

[0013] The use of electromagnetic radiation as a heat source further reduces the required space, enabling a compact design. Known separation systems (e.g., gas chromatographic systems) are sometimes quite large. The compact design of the disclosed system allows for mobile use, for example, in on-site hazardous substance detection or narcotics detection. Generally, the system can be a gas chromatographic system. The mixture can be at least partially gaseous. In particular, the mixture in the separation column is at least partially and / or at least temporarily gaseous.

[0014] A carrier gas can be introduced onto the separation column via an inlet. The carrier gas can be hydrogen (H₂), helium (He), nitrogen (N₂), argon (Ar), and / or carbon dioxide (CO₂). In particular, the carrier gas is an inert gas.

[0015] The mixture can be applied to the separation column, for example via an injector. Preferably, the separation column is permeated by the carrier gas, and the mixture is introduced into the carrier gas stream to be transported along the separation column by the carrier gas.

[0016] The mixture can contain at least two substances to be separated. It can also contain a large number of substances. The substances can differ chemically and / or physically. For example, the substances may be different molecules. At least two of the substances in the mixture can be separated by the system. This means that not all substances in the mixture need to be separated by the column. In general, separating substances in the mixture can mean that the mixture is fed onto the column at the same time, and the substances to be separated, or the separated substances, emerge from the column at different times.

[0017] The radiation source generates electromagnetic radiation, in particular to irradiate at least the first section of the separation column or to emit electromagnetic radiation in the direction of at least the first section of the separation column. The radiation source can be a lamp, in particular a heating lamp. The electromagnetic radiation includes light in the infrared wavelength range (wavelength between 780 nm and 1 mm). The electromagnetic radiation can include light in the visible wavelength range (wavelength between 380 nm and 780 nm). Alternatively, the electromagnetic radiation can include light outside the visible wavelength range. In particular, an intensity maximum of the electromagnetic radiation lies in the infrared wavelength range, in the visible wavelength range, or outside the visible wavelength range.

[0018] The radiation source can have a power output of at least 1 W (watt), preferably at least 5 W, preferably at least 10 W, preferably at least 25 W, preferably at least 50 W, preferably at least 75 W, preferably at least 100 W. In particular, the radiation source has a power output between 1 W and 1000 W, preferably between 5 W and 500 W, preferably between 5 W and 250 W, preferably between 5 W and 100 W. The radiation source can be driven by electrical energy to generate the electromagnetic radiation. In other words, the radiation source can be configured to convert electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation.

[0019] The radiation source can be rod-shaped. Preferably, the radiation source is configured to emit electromagnetic radiation over a circumferential angle of at least 180°, more preferably at least 270°, and more preferably at least 330°. Particularly preferably, the radiation source is configured to emit electromagnetic radiation substantially (±10% or ±5%) over its entire circumference.

[0020] The radiation source can have a greater longitudinal extent than its transverse extent. In a cylindrical coordinate system, the longitudinal extent can be the z-direction and the transverse extent can be the r-direction. In particular, the longitudinal extent of the radiation source is at least 1.5 times, preferably at least 2.0 times, more preferably at least 3.0 times, more preferably at least 4.0 times, more preferably at least 5.0 times, as large as the transverse extent of the radiation source. If the longitudinal extent is 10 mm and the longitudinal extent is at least 1.5 times as large as the transverse extent, the transverse extent is at least 15 mm.

[0021] The radiation source can be planar. The radiation source can have one side configured to emit electromagnetic radiation. A side opposite this side can be configured not to emit electromagnetic radiation. The radiation source can be configured to emit electromagnetic radiation from exactly one side. The radiation source can be a circular lamp, a planar radiator, or a lamp array. The side of the radiation source from which electromagnetic radiation can be emitted can be substantially (±10% or ±5%) planar.

[0022] In general, the surface or side of the radiation source from which electromagnetic radiation can be emitted can have an area of ​​at least 100 mm², preferably at least 250 mm², more preferably at least 500 mm², more preferably at least 750 mm², and more preferably at least 1000 mm². Alternatively or additionally, the surface or side of the radiation source from which electromagnetic radiation can be emitted can have an area of ​​at most 10,000 mm², more preferably at most 7,500 mm², more preferably at most 5,000 mm², more preferably at most 2,500 mm², and more preferably at most 1,000 mm².

[0023] The radiation source can be configured to emit electromagnetic radiation at different power levels at different times. The power of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the radiation source can be controllable, in particular by a control device or system controller. For example, the radiation source can emit electromagnetic radiation at a lower power level when the mixture is added to the separation column, and at a higher power level after the mixture has been added. The radiation source can be configured to generate a temperature profile or temperature program in the separation column. With a temperature profile or temperature program, the temperature at a given location in the separation column can vary at different times.In the separation column, a (temporal) temperature profile or temperature program can be generated by the radiation source.

[0024] The heating of the separation column can be carried out by the radiation source (electromagnetic radiation) to at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95%, and more preferably at least 98%. In particular, the heating of the separation column is carried out completely or exclusively by the radiation source (electromagnetic radiation).

[0025] The separation column cannot be heated by conduction and / or convection.

[0026] The separation column can be a capillary, specifically a layered capillary (PLOT column, porous layer open tubular column), a supported-coated capillary (SCOT column, supported-coated open tubular column), a thin-film capillary (WCOT column, wall-coated open tubular column), or a fused-silica open tubular column (FSOT column). The separation column can be packed or unpacked. The separation column can be polar or nonpolar. The separation column can be internally coated with a stationary phase. The separation column can be tubular or capillary-shaped.

[0027] The inner diameter of the separating column can be between 0.01 mm and 5.0 mm, preferably between 0.01 mm and 3.0 mm, more preferably between 0.05 mm and 1.0 mm, more preferably between 0.05 mm and 0.80 mm, more preferably between 0.10 mm and 0.32 mm. The length of the separating column can be at least 10 cm, more preferably at least 30 cm, more preferably at least 50 cm, more preferably at least 1.0 m, more preferably at least 2.5 m, more preferably at least 5 m, more preferably at least 10 m, more preferably at least 15 m. Alternatively or additionally, the length of the separating column can be at most 100 m, more preferably at most 75 m, more preferably at most 50 m, more preferably at most 25.0 m, more preferably at most 15.0 m, more preferably at most 5.0 m, more preferably at most 2.5 m. In particular, the length of the separation column is between 2.0 m and 20.0 m, preferably between 3.0 m and 15.0 m.

[0028] The separation column has at least one first section. The first section can comprise at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, and more preferably at least 90% of the total length of the separation column. The first section can be wound, in particular around a central axis of the separation column. The first section can be wound helically or in a spiral shape. Alternatively, the first section can be wound in a spiral shape. In the case of a helical or spiral winding, the height of the first section of the separation column can change (increase or decrease) with increasing column length. In the case of a spiral winding, the height of the first section of the separation column does not change with increasing column length. In other words, with a spiral winding, the first section can be wound essentially in a plane.In a helical or spiral winding, the first section can extend vertically upwards or downwards. If the first section is wound spirally or helically, its height can be at least 1.0 mm, preferably at least 5 mm, more preferably at least 10 mm, more preferably at least 20 mm, more preferably at least 50 mm, or more preferably at least 100 mm.

[0029] The first section of the separation column can have at least two, preferably at least five, more preferably at least ten, more preferably at least fifteen, more preferably at least twenty, complete windings.

[0030] The first section of the separation column surrounds the radiation source. Specifically, the first section of the separation column surrounds the radiation source if it is helical or spiral in shape. Conversely, the first section of the separation column cannot surround the radiation source if it is helical or spiral in shape. If the first section of the separation column is spiral in shape, it cannot surround the radiation source.

[0031] The first section has a length (length along the separation column) of at least 500 mm, preferably at least 1000 mm.

[0032] The first section of the separation column has a first subsection and a second subsection. Both the first and second subsections can receive electromagnetic radiation emanating from the radiation source. In other words, both the first and second subsections can be irradiated with electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source. This electromagnetic radiation can heat both the first and second subsections. Specifically, at least some surface area of ​​both the first and second subsections can absorb a portion of the electromagnetic radiation. This, in turn, heats both subsections.

[0033] The first and second subsections of the separation column can receive electromagnetic radiation with different intensities. For example, the first subsection can receive electromagnetic radiation with a higher intensity than the second subsection. The difference in the received intensity of the electromagnetic radiation can be at least 0.1%, preferably at least 0.5%, more preferably at least 1%, more preferably at least 5%, more preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, or more preferably at least 50%.In particular, the electromagnetic radiation in the first subsection of the separation column can be received with an intensity at least 1% higher, preferably at least 2% higher, preferably at least 5% higher, preferably at least 7% higher, preferably at least 10% higher, preferably at least 12% higher, preferably at least 15% higher, preferably at least 20% higher, preferably at least 25% higher, preferably at least 30% higher, than in the second subsection. This allows the first subsection to be heated more than the second subsection.

[0034] The first subsection and / or the second subsection can have a length of at least 1 mm, preferably at least 2 mm, more preferably at least 5 mm, more preferably at least 10 mm. A (continuous) temperature gradient can be formed in the first subsection and / or in the second subsection, in particular by a (continuous) difference in the receiveable intensity of the electromagnetic radiation.

[0035] Preferably, a temperature gradient is formed at least section by section (of the first section) of the separation column. The temperature can be higher upstream than downstream. In other words, the temperature can be higher closer to the inlet than closer to the outlet of the separation column.

[0036] In general, the intensity with which electromagnetic radiation is received in the first subsection and in the second subsection can be understood as power per unit area (for example, W / m²). Therefore, if the first subsection and the second subsection have the same area, a higher power of electromagnetic radiation can be received in the first subsection than in the second subsection.

[0037] The first section of the separation column can have more than two subsections, for example, at least three, at least five, or at least ten subsections. The electromagnetic radiation can be received with a different intensity in each of the subsections.

[0038] Preferably, the electromagnetic radiation in the first section of the separation column is received in such a way that a (continuous) temperature gradient is established along at least one section of the first section. The (continuous) temperature gradient can be formed between the first subsection and the second subsection.

[0039] A (continuous) temperature gradient can form, or may form, between the inlet and outlet of the separation column, particularly due to the radiation source. A (continuous) temperature gradient can also be present along the entire length of the separation column.

[0040] In general, a temperature gradient can form a temperature difference of at least 1 °C, preferably at least 5 °C, more preferably at least 10 °C, more preferably at least 20 °C, more preferably at least 40 °C, more preferably at least 70 °C, or more preferably at least 100 °C. The temperature difference can exist between a position of the separation column where the temperature gradient begins and a position of the separation column where the temperature gradient ends.

[0041] To determine the temperature difference, the temperature at a first position of the separation column can be compared with the temperature at a second position of the separation column. The first position of the separation column can be the inlet of the separation column. The second position of the separation column can be the outlet of the separation column. A distance (along the separation column) of at least 10 mm, preferably at least 50 mm, more preferably at least 100 mm, more preferably at least 200 mm, more preferably at least 300 mm, more preferably at least 500 mm, or more preferably at least 1000 mm can exist between the first and second positions of the separation column.

[0042] Between the first subsection and the second subsection, there can be a distance along the separation column of at least 10 mm, preferably at least 50 mm, more preferably at least 100 mm, more preferably at least 200 mm, more preferably at least 300 mm, more preferably at least 500 mm, more preferably at least 1000 mm.

[0043] The first section of the separation column can be spaced away from the radiation source. In particular, the first section of the separation column does not contact the radiation source.

[0044] A distance can be established between the first subsection and the radiation source. Alternatively or additionally, a distance can be established between the second subsection and the radiation source. The distance between the first subsection and the radiation source can be smaller than the distance between the second subsection and the radiation source. The distance can be the shortest possible distance. In other words, the first subsection can be (spatially) closer to the radiation source than the second subsection.

[0045] Preferably, the distance between the first subsection and the radiation source is at least 1 mm, more preferably at least 2 mm, more preferably at least 5 mm, more preferably at least 10 mm, smaller than the distance between the second subsection and the radiation source.

[0046] The distance between the first subsection and the radiation source can be at least 1.0 mm, preferably at least 2.5 mm, more preferably at least 5 mm, more preferably between 1 mm and 20 mm, more preferably between 5 mm and 15 mm, more preferably about 10 mm. Alternatively or additionally, the distance between the second subsection and the radiation source can be at least 5 mm, more preferably at least 10 mm, more preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm, more preferably about 20 mm.

[0047] The separation column, in particular the first section of the separation column, can extend conically, at least in sections. The separation column, in particular the first section of the separation column, can be conically shaped, at least in sections. The distance between the separation column and the radiation source, in particular between the first section of the separation column and the radiation source, can increase or decrease (continuously) along the separation column, in particular along the first section of the separation column.

[0048] The separation column, in particular the first section of the separation column, can extend at least in sections in a cylindrical, straight, hyperbolic shape or as mixtures thereof.

[0049] In the first section, the distance between the separation column and the radiation source can increase or decrease, at least section by section. The distance between the separation column and the radiation source can increase or decrease over a length of the separation column or along the separation column by at least 10 mm, preferably at least 25 mm, more preferably at least 50 mm, more preferably at least 75 mm, more preferably at least 100 mm, more preferably at least 150 mm, more preferably at least 200 mm, or more preferably over the entire length of the first section.

[0050] The separation column can be rigid or fixed, at least in its first section. For example, the separation column can be bonded, at least in its first section. Adjacent or adjacent winding sections of the first section can be bonded together. This can make the first section of the separation column rigid, fixed, or immobile.

[0051] Similarly, the separation column can be movable or its shape can be changed, at least in the first section. The separation column, or adjacent winding sections of the first section, need not be connected to each other. By changing the shape of the first section of the separation column, the distances between sections of the separation column and the radiation source can be varied. This allows the temperature profile along the separation column to be adapted to or tailored to a specific separation task.

[0052] The system may include a support. The separation column may be held, at least in sections, by the support. The support may define, or allow for the definition of, the positioning of at least the first section of the separation column relative to the radiation source. The support may be a chip-type or click-in type. The separation column may be chipped or clicked into a chip-type or click-in type of support.

[0053] The bracket can be adjustable. Adjusting the bracket can change the shape of the separation column, at least in its first section. This change in shape, at least in its first section, can alter the distances between sections of the first separation column and the radiation source.

[0054] By changing the shape of the separation column, in particular by changing the shape of the separation column at least in the first section, the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation receivable in the first subsection and / or in the second subsection can change.

[0055] The separation column can be coated, at least partially, for example in the first section or a subsection of the first section. The coating can influence the intensity of the received electromagnetic radiation.

[0056] The coating can be a layer that alters the absorption and / or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. For example, the coating can increase or decrease the absorption of electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source. Likewise, the coating can increase or decrease the reflection of electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source.

[0057] The coating can be a metallic coating, for example, a gold or silver coating. The coating can be a graphite coating. The coating can be vapor-deposited or sprayed onto at least one section of the separation column. Alternatively, the coating can be applied (in liquid) to at least one section of the separation column.

[0058] The coating may be applied to the first subsection of the separation column and not to the second subsection. Likewise, the coating may be applied to the second subsection of the separation column and not to the first.

[0059] In particular, the coating can be applied to (a section of) the separation column if the distance between the separation column and the radiation source is constant in the first section. The coating can be applied to the first subsection or the second subsection if the distance between the first subsection and the radiation source is substantially (±10% or ±5%) equal to the distance between the second subsection and the radiation source.

[0060] The coating (of the separation column) can influence the absorption and / or reflection of electromagnetic radiation.

[0061] The radiation source can have a first section and a second section. The first section can be configured to emit electromagnetic radiation toward the first subsection at a higher intensity than the second section. In other words, the radiation source can be configured to emit electromagnetic radiation toward the first section of the separation column at different intensities. The radiation source can emit electromagnetic radiation toward the first subsection at a higher intensity than toward the second subsection. This can cause the first subsection of the separation column to heat up more than the second subsection.

[0062] The radiation source can be coated, at least in the first section. Alternatively or additionally, the radiation source can be coated, at least in the second section.

[0063] The coating can be a coating that alters the absorption and / or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. For example, the coating can increase or decrease the absorption of electromagnetic radiation. Likewise, the coating can increase or decrease the reflection of electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source.

[0064] The coating can be a metallic coating, for example, a gold or silver coating. The coating can be a graphite coating. The coating can be vapor-deposited or sprayed onto at least one section of the separation column. Alternatively, the coating can be applied (in liquid) to at least one section of the separation column.

[0065] The coating may be applied to the first section of the radiation source and not to the second section. Likewise, the coating may be applied to the second section of the radiation source and not to the first.

[0066] In particular, the coating can be applied to (a section of) the radiation source if the distance between the separation column and the radiation source is constant in the first section. The coating can be applied to the first subsection or the second subsection if the distance between the first subsection and the radiation source is substantially (±10% or ±5%) equal to the distance between the second subsection and the radiation source.

[0067] The radiation source may include a transparent element. The electromagnetic radiation generated by the radiation source can pass through this transparent element. The transparent element may be made of glass or plastic, or be composed of glass or plastic.

[0068] The transparent element can have a first section and a second section. The transmissive properties for electromagnetic radiation can differ between the first and second sections of the transparent element. For example, the material composition of the transparent element can differ between the first and second sections. Electromagnetic radiation can pass through the transparent element with a higher intensity in the first section than in the second.

[0069] The first section of the transparent element can emit or radiate electromagnetic radiation towards the first subsection of the separation column. The second section of the transparent element can also emit or radiate electromagnetic radiation towards the second subsection of the separation column. This can cause the first subsection of the separation column to heat up more than the second subsection.

[0070] In particular, the translucent element may comprise or consist of glass. The first section of the translucent element may be doped differently from the second section. Due to the different doping, the first section of the translucent element may emit or radiate electromagnetic radiation with a higher intensity towards the first subsection of the separation column than the second section of the translucent element emits or radiates electromagnetic radiation towards the second subsection of the separation column.

[0071] A shielding element can be arranged between the radiation source and the separation column. The shielding element can be configured to block a portion of the electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source.

[0072] For example, a first section of the radiation source can emit or radiate electromagnetic radiation with essentially (±10% or ±5%) the same intensity towards the first subsection of the separation column as a second section of the radiation source emits or radiates electromagnetic radiation towards the second subsection. The shielding element can be positioned at least between the second section of the radiation source and the second subsection of the separation column. This allows the second subsection of the separation column to receive electromagnetic radiation with a lower intensity than the first subsection of the separation column.Between the first section of the radiation source and the first subsection of the separation column, no shielding element may be arranged, or a shielding element arranged between the first section of the radiation source and the first subsection of the separation column may shield the electromagnetic radiation less effectively than the shielding element between the second section of the radiation source and the second subsection of the separation column.

[0073] The shielding element can have a first section and a second section. The first section can be configured to shield electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source less effectively than the second section. Through the first section of the shielding element, electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source can radiate towards the first subsection of the separation column. Through the second section of the shielding element, electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source can radiate towards the second subsection of the separation column. This allows the first subsection of the separation column to receive electromagnetic radiation at a higher intensity than the second subsection, resulting in greater heating of the first subsection than the second.

[0074] The shielding element can be a shading element, a filter, a semi-transparent element, and / or an element with a coating. The transmissive properties for the electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source can differ between the first and second sections of the shielding element.

[0075] In general, the electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source can include infrared radiation or have an intensity maximum in the infrared wavelength range.

[0076] The first section of the separation column can surround the radiation source. In particular, the first section of the separation column completely surrounds the radiation source.

[0077] The system may include a detector. The detector may be configured to analyze a property of substances in the mixture. In particular, the detector may be located at the outlet of the separation column. The detector may be configured to analyze at least one property of a substance that has been separated from the mixture by the separation column.

[0078] The detector can be a flame ionization detector (FID), a thermal conductivity detector (TCD), a photoionization detector (PID), a flame photometric detector (FPD), a nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD), a thermionic detector (TID), an electron capture detector (ECD), a pulsed charge detector (PD), an atomic emission detector (AED), an echelle plasma emission detector (EPED), a mass spectrometer (MS), and / or an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS). An ion mobility spectrometer or a mass spectrometer is particularly preferred.

[0079] A process for separating or splitting substances in a mixture is disclosed. The process comprises introducing the mixture into an inlet of a separation column; irradiating at least a first section of the separation column with electromagnetic radiation from a radiation source to heat the first section, wherein the separation column receives the electromagnetic radiation in a first subsection of the first section with a higher intensity than in a second subsection of the first section, so that the first subsection is heated more than the second subsection; and discharging the separated mixture from an outlet of the separation column.

[0080] Each feature disclosed herein may be used in the process. In particular, each separation column and / or radiation source disclosed herein may be used in the process.

[0081] A method for analyzing substances in a mixture is disclosed. The method comprises carrying out a process disclosed herein for separating or separating substances in a mixture; and detecting, by means of a detector, substances in the separated mixture.

[0082] Each feature disclosed herein may be used in the process. In particular, each separation column and / or radiation source and / or detector disclosed herein may be used in the process.

[0083] Disclosed, though not claimed in the claims, is a separation column for separating substances in a mixture. The separation column can have at least one first section wound around a central axis. The first section can have a first subsection and a second subsection. The first subsection can be configured to receive electromagnetic radiation of a higher intensity than the second subsection, such that the first subsection is more susceptible to heating by the electromagnetic radiation than the second subsection.

[0084] Each feature disclosed herein can be used in the separation column. In particular, the separation column can be any separation column disclosed herein, and especially the central axis can replace the radiation source in features disclosed herein.

[0085] If the separating column is wound spirally, the central axis can be oriented perpendicular to the plane defined by the separating column, in which the separating column lies flat. If the separating column is wound helically, the central axis can be understood as the axis that is wrapped centrally by the separating column.

[0086] The electromagnetic radiation can be received from the central axis in the first subsection and the second subsection. In particular, a radiation source can be arranged on or in the region of the central axis. Any radiation source disclosed herein can be used for this purpose.

[0087] The distance between the first subsection and the central axis can be smaller than the distance between the second subsection and the central axis.

[0088] A gap can be formed between the first subsection and the central axis. Alternatively or additionally, a gap can be formed between the second subsection and the central axis. The gap between the first subsection and the central axis can be smaller than the gap between the second subsection and the central axis.

[0089] Preferably, the distance between the first subsection and the central axis is at least 1 mm, more preferably at least 2 mm, more preferably at least 5 mm, more preferably at least 10 mm, smaller than the distance between the second subsection and the central axis.

[0090] The distance between the first subsection and the central axis can be at least 5 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 20 mm, more preferably between 5 mm and 15 mm, and more preferably about 10 mm. Alternatively or additionally, the distance between the second subsection and the central axis can be at least 5 mm, preferably at least 10 mm, more preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm, and more preferably about 20 mm.

[0091] The separation column, in particular the first section of the separation column, can extend conically, at least in sections. The separation column, in particular the first section of the separation column, can be conically shaped, at least in sections. The distance between the separation column and the central axis, in particular between the first section of the separation column and the central axis, can increase or decrease (continuously) along the separation column, in particular along the first section of the separation column.

[0092] The separation column, in particular the first section of the separation column, can extend at least in sections in a cylindrical, straight, hyperbolic shape or as mixtures thereof.

[0093] In the first section, the distance between the separating column and the central axis can increase or decrease, at least section by section. The distance between the separating column and the central axis can increase or decrease over a length of the separating column or along the separating column by at least 1.0 mm, preferably at least 5 mm, more preferably at least 10 mm, more preferably at least 25 mm, more preferably at least 50 mm, more preferably at least 75 mm, more preferably at least 100 mm, more preferably at least 150 mm, more preferably at least 200 mm, or more preferably over the entire length of the first section.

[0094] The separation column can be rigid or fixed, at least in its first section. Likewise, the separation column can be movable or variable in shape, at least in its first section.

[0095] The dividing column can be held, at least in sections, by a support. The support allows for the positioning of at least the first section of the dividing column relative to the central axis to be determined, or at least determinable.

[0096] The bracket may be adjustable. Adjusting the bracket can change the shape of the partition column, at least in its first section. This change in shape, at least in its first section, can alter the distances between sections of the first partition column and the central axis.

[0097] By changing the shape of the separation column, in particular by changing the shape of the separation column at least in the first section, the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation receivable in the first subsection and / or in the second subsection can change.

[0098] The separation column can be coated, at least partially, for example in the first section or a subsection of the first section. The coating can influence the intensity of the received electromagnetic radiation.

[0099] The coating can be a material that alters the absorption and / or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. For example, the coating can increase or decrease the absorption of electromagnetic radiation from a radiation source. Likewise, the coating can increase or decrease the reflection of electromagnetic radiation from a radiation source.

[0100] The coating can be a metallic coating, for example, a gold or silver coating. The coating can be a graphite coating. The coating can be vapor-deposited or sprayed onto at least one section of the separation column. Alternatively, the coating can be applied (in liquid) to at least one section of the separation column.

[0101] The coating may be applied to the first subsection of the separation column and not to the second subsection. Likewise, the coating may be applied to the second subsection of the separation column and not to the first.

[0102] In particular, the coating can be applied to (a section of) the separation column if the distance between the separation column and the central axis is constant in the first section. The coating can be applied to the first subsection or the second subsection if the distance between the first subsection and the central axis is substantially (±10% or ±5%) equal to the distance between the second subsection and the central axis. Brief description of the characters

[0103] The following section explains the disclosure and further embodiments and advantages of the disclosure in more detail with reference to figures, whereby the figures merely depict exemplary embodiments of the disclosure. Identical components in the figures are identified by the same reference numerals. The figures show: Fig. 1 a System 1000 for analysis with a System 100 for separating substances in a mixture; Fig. 2 a System 100 for separating substances in a mixture; Fig. 3 a System 100 for separating substances in a mixture; Fig. 4 a System 100 for separating substances in a mixture; Fig. 5 a System 100 for separating substances in a mixture; Fig. 6 a System 100 for separating substances in a mixture; Fig. 7 a System 100 for separating substances in a mixture; Fig. 8 a System 100 for separating substances in a mixture; Fig. 9 a System 100 for separating substances in a mixture; Fig. 10 a System 100 for separating substances in a mixture; and Fig. 11 a System 100 for separating substances in a mixture. Detailed description

[0104] Fig. 1Figure 1000 shows a system for analyzing a substance (hereinafter also referred to as System 1000). System 1000 can be used to analyze at least one component of a mixture. In general, "analyze" can mean determining at least one physical or chemical property of a substance.

[0105] System 1000 can comprise a gas supply element 200, an injector 300, a valve 400, a system 100 for separating substances in a mixture (hereinafter also referred to as system 100), a detector 600, and a fan 500. System 1000 need not include any of the components shown in Fig. 1 The components shown and described with regard to them necessarily include. Rather, the system 1000 can include one component or some of the components and not include others.

[0106] The gas supply element 200 can provide a gas supply to the system 1000. In particular, the gas supply element 200 can control or regulate the gas supply to the system 1000. For example, the gas supply element 200 can provide a carrier gas.

[0107] A mixture of various substances can be introduced into the system 1000 via the injector 300. This mixture constitutes the sample to be analyzed. Specifically, the injector 300 can be connected to the gas supply element 200 and supplied with carrier gas by it. At least a portion of the mixture introduced into the injector 300 can be introduced into the system 1000 along with the carrier gas.

[0108] Valve 400 can control or regulate gas flows in system 1000. In particular, valve 400 can control or regulate the carrier gas flow in addition to or as an alternative to gas supply element 200.

[0109] In system 100, the mixture and the carrier gas can be applied to the separation column 20. The separation column 20 can be heated by a radiation source 10. The mixture and the carrier gas can then pass through the separation column 20. As they pass through the separation column 20, substances within the mixture can be separated, so that different components of the mixture emerge from the separation column 20 at different times.

[0110] The substances from the mixture flowing out of the separation column 20 can be introduced into the detector 600. In the detector 600, at least one property of at least one of the substances in the mixture can be analyzed.

[0111] As the mixture flows through the separation column 20, its temperature can be changed. For example, a starting temperature or temperature profile can be predefined for the separation column 20. Once the mixture is introduced into the separation column 20, the temperature can be increased towards a target temperature or temperature profile. This can be achieved using a predefined temperature ramp. The temperature increase can be accomplished by increasing the power of the radiation source 10.

[0112] When the final temperature or final temperature profile is reached at the end of a measurement, i.e., when the separated mixture has flowed out of the separation column towards the detector 600, the temperature of the separation column can be reduced back to the starting temperature or the starting temperature profile for a subsequent measurement. The system 1000 can include the fan 500 for this purpose.

[0113] The fan 500 can generate an airflow that flows around the system 100, in particular the separation column 20. This airflow cools the separation column 20.

[0114] In addition to or as an alternative to the fan 500, the system 1000 can include active cooling (not shown). Active cooling can be achieved by a cooling gas, e.g., carbon dioxide or nitrogen, or by a cooling element, e.g., a Peltier element, to cool the separation column 20. This can reduce the cooling time of the system and / or enable the analysis of highly volatile or gaseous compounds (e.g., methane).

[0115] Similarly, a negative pressure (vacuum) can be applied to the outlet of the separation column 20. For this purpose, the system 1000 can include a negative pressure unit (not shown). Such a method is known as Low Pressure Gas Chromatography (LPGC). This can increase the efficiency of separating substances in the mixture and / or reduce the analysis time.

[0116] System 1000 can comprise a housing 800. System 100 can be arranged, at least partially, within the housing 800. The housing 800 can include a thermally insulating layer. Alternatively or additionally, the housing 800 can include a reflector. The reflector can reflect at least a portion of the electromagnetic radiation generated by the radiation source 10.

[0117] Fig. 2Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of system 100. System 100 comprises a radiation source 10 and a separation column 20. System 100 may also include a detector 600. The sample is introduced via an inlet 30, e.g., via the injector 300 as shown in Figure 1. Fig. 1 As shown, the mixture to be separated can be applied to the separation column 20. The mixture can flow through the separation column 20 to separate its components. The separated components can then flow out through an outlet 40, for example to the detector 600.

[0118] The separation column 20 has a first section 21. In this example, the first section 21 of the separation column 20 is wound around the radiation source 10. The separation column 20 can be helical or spiral in shape, at least in the first section 21.

[0119] The first section 21 of the separation column has a first subsection 22 and a second subsection 23. A distance s1 between the first subsection 22 and the radiation source 10 is smaller than a distance s2 between the second subsection 23 and the radiation source 10.

[0120] In this example, the radiation source 10 can be rod-shaped. The radiation source 10 can emit electromagnetic radiation of uniform intensity from the emitting section of the radiation source 10.

[0121] Due to the different distances s1, s2 between the first subsection 22 and the radiation source 10, as well as between the second subsection 23 and the radiation source, the first subsection 22 and the second subsection 23 are heated to different degrees.

[0122] Between the first subsection 22 and the second subsection 23, the distance between the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10 can change continuously along the separation column 20, particularly along the first section 21, for example, increasing or decreasing. Preferably, the distance between the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10 increases from the inlet 30 to the outlet 40. Due to the different distances of the sections of the separation column 20 to the radiation source 10, a temperature gradient can occur along the separation column 20, particularly along the first section 21 of the separation column 20. The temperature can decrease from the inlet 30 to the outlet 40. This causes a refocusing of the separated substances of the mixture at the outlet 40.

[0123] In a cylindrical coordinate system, the distance between the separation column 20 and the radiation source can be in the radial direction (r-direction). The radiation source 10 can extend in the axial direction (z-direction). The vertical direction of the helically or helically wound separation column 20 can extend in the axial z-direction. The winding of the separation column 20 can be in the circumferential direction (phi-direction).

[0124] Fig. 3 Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a system 100. The system 100 comprises a radiation source 10 and a separation column 20. Additionally, the system 100 can include a detector 600. The radiation is introduced via an inlet 30, e.g., via the injector 300 as shown in Figure 1. Fig. 1As shown, the mixture to be separated can be applied to the separation column 20. The mixture can flow through the separation column 20 to separate its components. The separated components can then flow out through an outlet 40, for example to the detector 600.

[0125] The separation column 20 has a first section 21. In this example, the first section 21 of the separation column 20 is wound around the radiation source 10. The separation column 20 can be helical or spiral-shaped, at least in the first section 21. In this example, the winding in the first section 21 can be cylindrical.

[0126] The first section 21 of the separation column has a first subsection 22 and a second subsection 23. A distance s1 between the first subsection 22 and the radiation source 10 is equal to a distance s2 between the second subsection 23 and the radiation source 10.

[0127] In this example, the radiation source 10 can be rod-shaped. The radiation source 10 can emit electromagnetic radiation of uniform intensity from the emitting section of the radiation source 10.

[0128] The radiation source 10 may have a coating 10a. For example, the radiation source 10 has a first section 11 and a second section 12. At least the second section 12 may be provided with the coating 10a. The coating may reduce the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation emitted or transmitted by the second section 12 compared to the first section 11. The first section 11 may not have a coating 10a, or it may have a coating 10a that causes a smaller reduction in the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation.

[0129] Electromagnetic radiation emanating from the first section 11 of the radiation source 10 can be received by the first subsection 22 of the separation column 20 with a higher intensity than electromagnetic radiation emanating from the second section 12 of the radiation source can be received by the second subsection 23 of the separation column. As a result, the first subsection 22 of the separation column 20 can be heated more than the second subsection 23 of the separation column, even though their respective distances to the radiation source 10 are the same.

[0130] Alternatively or additionally to the coating 10a of the radiation source 10, the separation column 20 can be provided with a coating 20a. For example, the first subsection 22 can be provided with the coating 20a. The coating 20a can increase the absorption of the electromagnetic radiation emitted or radiated by the radiation source 10. The second subsection 23 may not have a coating 20a or may have a coating 20a that causes a slight increase in the absorption of the electromagnetic radiation.

[0131] Likewise, the coating 20a can be provided in the second subsection 23. The coating 20a can increase the reflection of the electromagnetic radiation emitted or radiated by the radiation source 10. The first subsection 22 may not have a coating 20a or may have a coating 20a that causes a slight increase in the reflection of the electromagnetic radiation.

[0132] The coating 20a of the separation column 20 also allows electromagnetic radiation emanating from the first section 11 of the radiation source 10 to be received by the first subsection 22 of the separation column 20 with a higher intensity than electromagnetic radiation emanating from the second section 12 of the radiation source can be received by the second subsection 23 of the separation column. The first subsection 22 can be heated more than the second subsection 23.

[0133] Fig. 4Figure 1 schematically shows a configuration of System 100. System 100 is similar to the previously described Systems 100, so a repetitive description of identical components is unnecessary. System 100 of Fig. 4 Each system disclosed herein may have one or more components or features 100.

[0134] In the sectional view of the Fig. 4 A continuous increase or decrease in the distance between the first section 21 of the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10 is shown. The continuous increase or decrease can be uniform or linear.

[0135] The smallest distance s1 can occur in the first subsection 22. The largest distance s2 can occur in the second subsection 23. The first subsection 22 can be located closer to the inlet of the separation column 20. The second subsection 23 can be located closer to the outlet of the separation column 20.

[0136] The increase or decrease in the distance between the first section 21 of the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10 can be defined by an angle α. The angle α can be formed between two legs. Each leg can be an imaginary line through at least two adjacent windings, in particular at least five adjacent windings, of the separation column 20 of the first section 21. The legs intersect at a single point. The angle α can be between 1° and 70°, preferably between 1° and 60°, more preferably between 1° and 50°, more preferably between 5° and 40°, more preferably between 5° and 30°, and more preferably between 5° and 20°.

[0137] Fig. 5 Figure 1 schematically shows a configuration of System 100. System 100 is similar to the previously described Systems 100, so a repetitive description of identical components is unnecessary. System 100 of Fig. 5Each system disclosed herein may have one or more components or features 100.

[0138] In the sectional view of the Fig. 5 A continuous increase or decrease in the distance between the first section 21 of the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10 is shown. The continuous increase or decrease can be uneven or non-linear.

[0139] The smallest distance s1 can occur in the first subsection 22. The largest distance s2 can occur in the second subsection 23. The first subsection 22 can be located closer to the inlet of the separation column 20. The second subsection 23 can be located closer to the outlet of the separation column 20.

[0140] Near the inlet of the separating column 20, the increase or decrease in the distance may be more pronounced than near the outlet of the separating column 20. Alternatively, near the inlet of the separating column 20, the increase or decrease in the distance may be less pronounced than near the outlet of the separating column 20.

[0141] In particular, the increase or decrease in the distance can be described, at least section by section, in the first section 21 of the separating column 20 by a radius r. The circumference of the radius r can lie on an imaginary line through at least two adjacent windings, in particular at least five adjacent windings, of the separating column 20 of the first section 21. The starting point of the radius r (the center of the circle defined by the radius r) can be enclosed by the first section 21 of the separating column 20 or be located outside the first section 21 of the separating column.

[0142] Fig. 6Figure 1 schematically shows a configuration of System 100. System 100 is similar to the previously described Systems 100, so a repetitive description of identical components is unnecessary. System 100 of Fig. 6 Each system disclosed herein may have one or more components or features 100.

[0143] In the sectional view of the Fig. 6 In the first subsection 22, a continuous increase or decrease in the distance between the first section 21 of the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10 is shown. The continuous increase or decrease can be uniform or linear. In the second subsection 23, the distance s2 can be constant.

[0144] In general, the first section 21 of the separation column 20 can have subsections with different spacing developments between the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10. For example, the distance between the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10 can increase or decrease in the first subsection 22, and the distance between the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10 can be constant in the second subsection 23. Alternatively, the distance between the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10 can increase or decrease in the second subsection 23, and the distance between the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10 can be constant in the first subsection 22.

[0145] Fig. 7 Figure 1 schematically shows a configuration of System 100. System 100 is similar to the previously described Systems 100, so a repetitive description of identical components is unnecessary. System 100 of Fig. 7Each system disclosed herein may have one or more components or features 100.

[0146] In the sectional view of the Fig. 7 A first section 21 of a separation column 20 is shown. The first section 21 can comprise a first subsection 22, a second subsection 23, a third subsection 24, a fourth subsection 25 and a fifth subsection 26.

[0147] In the first subsection 22, the third subsection 24 and the fifth subsection 26, the distance s3 between the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10 can be constant.

[0148] The second subsection 23 can be formed between the first subsection 22 and the third subsection 24. Within the second subsection 23, the distance s1 between the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10 can change. This change in distance s1 can be described by a radius r1. The circumference of the radius r1 can lie on an imaginary line through at least two adjacent windings, and in particular at least five adjacent windings, of the second subsection 23. The starting point of the radius r1 (the center of the circle defined by the radius r1) can be located outside the first section 21 of the separation column 20.

[0149] The fourth subsection 25 can be formed between the third subsection 24 and the fifth subsection 26. Within the fourth subsection 25, the distance s2 between the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10 can change. This change in distance s2 can be described by a radius r2. The circumference of the radius r2 can lie on an imaginary line through at least two adjacent windings, and in particular at least five adjacent windings, of the fourth subsection 25. The starting point of the radius r2 (the center of the circle defined by the radius r2) can be located outside the first section 21 of the separation column 20.

[0150] The radius r1 of the second subsection 23 can be larger than the radius r2 of the fourth subsection 25. Alternatively, the radius r1 of the second subsection 23 can be smaller than the radius r2 of the fourth subsection 25.

[0151] None of the subsections 22 to 26 are strictly necessary. At least any two of the subsections 22 to 26 are sufficient.

[0152] Fig. 8 Figure 1 schematically shows a configuration of System 100. System 100 is similar to the previously described Systems 100, so a repetitive description of identical components is unnecessary. System 100 of Fig. 8 Each system disclosed herein may have one or more components or features 100.

[0153] In the example of the Fig. 8 The first section 21 of the separation column 20 can be helical or spiral in shape. The radiation source 10 can be planar, for example as a circular lamp, a flat panel radiator, or a lamp array. The first section 21 of the separation column 20 does not necessarily surround the radiation source 10. In other words, the radiation source 10 can be located outside the first section 21 of the separation column 20.

[0154] The first section 21 of the separation column 20 can be arranged relative to the radiation source 10 such that a first subsection 22 of the separation column 20 has a distance s1 from the radiation source 10, and a second subsection 23 of the separation column has a distance s2 from the radiation source 10. The distance s1 between the radiation source 10 and the first subsection 22 can be smaller than the distance s2 between the radiation source 10 and the second subsection 23. This allows the first subsection 22 to receive a higher intensity of electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source 10 than the second subsection 23. Consequently, the first subsection 22 can be heated more than the second subsection 23.

[0155] Fig. 9 Figure 1 schematically shows a configuration of System 100. System 100 is similar to the previously described Systems 100, so a repetitive description of identical components is unnecessary. System 100 of Fig. 9 Each system disclosed herein may have one or more components or features 100.

[0156] The first section 21 of the separating column 20 can be spirally shaped. Preferably, the first section 21 of the separating column is designed as a flat surface.

[0157] The radiation source 10 can be designed as a flat surface, for example as a circular lamp, a panel radiator, or a lamp array. The first section 21 of the separation column 20 does not have to surround the radiation source 10. In other words, the radiation source 10 can be located outside the first section 21 of the separation column 20.

[0158] The distance between the first subsection 22 and the radiation source 10 can be equal to the distance between the second subsection 23 and the radiation source 10.

[0159] A shielding element 700 can be arranged between the radiation source 10 and the first section 21 of the separation column 20. The shielding element 700 can be a shading element, a filter, a semi-transparent element, and / or an element with a coating. The shielding element 700 can have a first section 701 and a second section 702. The transmissive properties for the electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source can differ in the first section 701 and the second section 702 of the shielding element 700.

[0160] The first section 701 of the shielding element 700 is less effective at shielding electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source 10 than the second section 701 of the shielding element 700. The first section 701 of the shielding element 700 can be assigned to the first subsection 22 of the separation column 20. The second section 702 of the shielding element 700 can be assigned to the second subsection 23 of the separation column 20. As a result, the first subsection 22 of the separation column 20 can receive electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source with a higher intensity than the second subsection 23.

[0161] The first subsection 22 of the separation column 20 can be located closer to the inlet 30 of the separation column 20 than to the outlet 40 of the separation column 20. The second subsection 23 of the separation column 20 can be located closer to the outlet 40 of the separation column 20 than to the inlet 30 of the separation column 20.

[0162] Fig. 10Figure 1 schematically shows a configuration of System 100. System 100 is similar to the previously described Systems 100, so a repetitive description of identical components is unnecessary. System 100 of Fig. 10 Each system disclosed herein may have one or more components or features 100.

[0163] The first section 21 of the separation column 20 can be spirally shaped. Preferably, the first section 21 of the separation column is planar. The radiation source 10 can be configured as a point source.

[0164] A distance s1 can exist between the first subsection 22 of the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10. A distance s2 can exist between the second subsection 23 of the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10. The distance s1 between the first subsection 22 of the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10 can be smaller than the distance s2 between the second subsection 23 of the separation column 20 and the radiation source 10. This allows the first subsection 22 to be heated more by the electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source 10 than the second subsection 23.

[0165] Fig. 11 This shows one configuration of System 100. System 100 is similar to the previously described Systems 100, so repetitive descriptions of identical components are unnecessary. System 100 of Fig. 11 Each system disclosed herein may have one or more components or features 100.

[0166] The radiation source 10 of the system 100 can be rod-shaped. The first section 21 of the separation column 20 can be helical or spiral-shaped and, in particular, surrounds the radiation source 10.

[0167] System 100 can include a fan 500. The fan 500 can be configured as a radial fan. A deflecting element 510 can deflect an airflow exiting the fan 500 radially. The deflected airflow can flow around the radiation source 10 and / or the first section 21 of the separation column 20 in the axial direction of the radiation source 10 in order to cool the radiation source 10 and / or the first section 21 of the separation column 20. Reference symbol list

[0168] 1000 Analysis system 10 Radiation source 10a Coating 11 First section 12 Second section 20 Separation column 20a Coating 21 First section 22 First subsection 23 Second subsection 30 Inlet 40 Outlet 100 Separation system 200 Gas supply element 300 Injector 400 Valve 500 Fan 510 Deflection element 600 Detector 700 Shielding element 800 Housing

Claims

1. A system (100) for separating substances in a substance mixture, said system having a radiation source (10) and a separation column (20), wherein - said separation column (20) comprises at least a first section (21), said first section (21) comprising at least a first subsection (22) and a second subsection (23); wherein said first section (21) of said separation column (20) surrounds said radiation source (10); - said radiation source (10) is configured to radiate electromagnetic radiation in the direction of said first section (21) to heat said first section (21), said electromagnetic radiation comprising infrared radiation; the system being characterized in that: - said electromagnetic radiation is receivable in said first subsection (22) of said separation column (20) with a higher intensity than in said second subsection (23) of said separation column (20), so that said first subsection (22) is heatable more intensively than said second subsection (23) and a temperature gradient can be formed along said first section (21) of said separation column (20), - wherein said first section (21) has a length along said separation column (20) of at least 500 mm and said electromagnetic radiation is receivable in said first section (21) of said separation column (20) so that said temperature gradient is formed along said first section (21).

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein an interval (s1) between said first subsection (22) and said radiation source (10) is smaller than an interval (s2) between said second subsection (22) and said radiation source (10).

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an interval between said separation column (20) and said radiation source (10) in said first section (21) increases or decreases at least in sections, especially over a length of said separation column of at least 10 mm, preferably at least 100 mm.

4. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said separation column (20) is provided with a coating (20a) at least in sections, said coating (20a) affecting the intensity of the receivable electromagnetic radiation.

5. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, said radiation source (10) comprising a first section (11) and a second section (12), wherein said first section (11) is configured to emit electromagnetic radiation in the direction of said first subsection (22) with a higher intensity than said second section (12) is configured to emit electromagnetic radiation in the direction of said second subsection (23).

6. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a shield member (700) is arranged between said radiation source (10) and said separation column (20), said shield member (700) being configured to shield part of the electromagnetic radiation of said radiation source (10).

7. A method for separating substances in a substance mixture, the method comprising the steps of: - introducing said substance mixture to an inlet (30) of a separation column (20); - radiating electromagnetic radiation comprising infrared radiation emanating from a radiation source (10) to at least a first section (21) of said separation column (20) to heat said first section (21), said separation column (20) receiving said electromagnetic radiation in a first subsection (22) of said first section (21) with a higher intensity than in a second subsection (23) of said first section (21), so that said first subsection (22) is heated more intensively than said second subsection (23) and a temperature gradient is formed along said first section (21) of said separation column (20), wherein said first section (21) of said separation column (20) surrounds said radiation source (10), wherein said first section (21) has a length along said separation column (20) of at least 500 mm and said electromagnetic radiation is receivable in said first section (21) of said separation column (20) so that said temperature gradient is formed continuously along said first section (21); and - deploying said separated substance mixture from an outlet (40) of said separation column (20).

8. The method of claim 7, wherein a temperature difference of at least 5 °C is formed at said temperature gradient.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein for determining said temperature difference, the temperature at a first position of said separation column (20) is compared with a temperature at a second position of said separation column (20) and between said first position of said separation column (20) and said second position of said separation column (20), there is a distance along said separation column of at least 500 mm.

10. A method for analyzing substances in a substance mixture, the method with the steps of: - performing the method of claim 7, 8 or 9; and - detecting, by a detector (600), substances in said separated substance mixture.