RAW STOVE BUILDING BLOCK, MANUFACTURING PROCESS AND CORRESPONDING CONSTRUCTION ARRANGEMENT

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The domain of invention is that of construction.

[0002] The invention relates more particularly to a method for manufacturing a raw earth building block. The present technique also relates to the raw earth block obtained via this method, as well as to a building assembly comprising such blocks. TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

[0003] Modern construction primarily uses hollow concrete blocks, commonly known as "concrete blocks," which have an optimized size-to-weight ratio for easy handling. Furthermore, these constructions require the use of mortar, such as cement joints, to bond the concrete blocks together. However, current environmental concerns are challenging the use of concrete and cement, which have a relatively high carbon footprint.

[0004] Thus, with a view to reducing the carbon footprint of buildings, solid earth bricks can be used. However, these bricks generally have much smaller dimensions (approximately 8 x 10 x 20 cm), resulting in a significant increase in the overall construction time. A raw earth building block is disclosed in AU2020 103 844 A4.

[0005] It is therefore necessary to propose a simple and quick solution to implement, with a low environmental impact, while maintaining significant mechanical resistance and good load-bearing capacity. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The present invention relates to building blocks and their method of obtaining them, as well as to building assemblies comprising such building blocks and the use of a building assembly (when it includes a tie beam) for the construction of a building in a seismic zone.

[0007] More specifically, in order to resolve the problems and drawbacks of the prior art, the applicants have developed a raw earth building block of overall rectangular parallelepiped shape, characterized in that it has a hollowing rate of between 40% and 60% and has a volume greater than 10 dm³, said raw earth comprising at least one granular material representing between 60% and 80% of the total composition and at least one binding material representing between 20% and 40% of the total composition.

[0008] By volume of the block, we mean the external volume of the block, in other words, the volume of the block's envelope including the recesses and solid areas.

[0009] Thus, this building block offers material savings and a lighter weight, making it easy to handle and install, while still possessing good mechanical properties. Furthermore, the use of raw earth reduces the environmental impact of the final construction compared to prior art concrete blocks. Indeed, such a block does not require firing, thereby reducing the energy consumption associated with its production. Moreover, the raw earth used in the manufacture of this block can be reconstituted from quarry by-products or excavated soil (more generally, materials from extractive industries and / or the construction sector), thereby valorizing these materials ordinarily considered waste. The building block according to the invention is therefore lightweight, strong, economical, and environmentally friendly.

[0010] Furthermore, the building block allows for faster construction thanks to its large dimensions, compared to prior art earth bricks. In addition, the blocks according to the invention enable a relatively high laying rate due to their lightness and size, as well as the fact that they do not require the use of mortar for assembly.

[0011] Furthermore, the proportions of granular material and binder material respectively provide a strong skeleton and maintain the bond between the skeleton elements. These proportions thus allow for optimal mechanical properties, meeting, among others, the standards NF EN 771-3 and XP 13-901.

[0012] Furthermore, the formulation of the raw earth used for the manufacture of the building block can also allow for different colorimetric nuances depending on the origin of the binding material, without the addition of dye.

[0013] In addition, the geometry of the building block can also fall within the requirements defined in Group 2 "Elements made of vertical cavities" of Table 3.1 of the French standard EN 1996-1-1 (EC6), in particular in terms of dimensions and mechanical resistance in compression, it being understood that the blocks according to the invention are intended to be assembled without assembly mortar.

[0014] Furthermore, this building block remains lightweight, with a final weight preferably less than 20 kg. Therefore, the building block is easy to handle.

[0015] Advantageously, the said hollowing rate can be between 40% and 50%.

[0016] Advantageously, said at least one granular material may belong to granular class 04 / or 0 / 8.

[0017] Such a granular material can be, for example, 0 / 8 or 0 / 4 sand, or equivalent. This type of sand (or equivalent) is a by-product of quarrying or excavated soil, so the building blocks according to the invention allow for the valorization of waste from extractive industries or the construction sector. Furthermore, such grain sizes optimize the mechanical strength / cohesion ratio of the block. Indeed, the particle size of the granular material must be sufficiently large to obtain the desired mechanical properties (NF EN 771-3 and XP 13-901), while respecting a maximum threshold to be suitable for the wall thickness of the block and to allow the binding material to provide cohesion to the whole.

[0018] Advantageously, the binding material may comprise fine particles representing between 20% and 40% of the total composition of said raw earth, and a hydraulic binder such as a low carbon hydraulic binder, hydraulic lime or any alternative binder that can be bio-sourced in an amount equal to or less than 5% of the total composition of said raw earth.

[0019] With regard to fine particles, these may have a particle size such that the fraction passing through a 63µm sieve represents at least 75% of the total mass of fine particles in the binding material. For example, usable fine particles within the framework of the present invention include washing fines, and in particular clay fines.

[0020] For the purposes of this invention, "washing fines" refers to the fine fraction of aggregates processed at the quarry exit. This fraction may, for example, originate from the final washing stages using a screen and / or hydraulic separation during the processing of materials from quarries.

[0021] Thus, the building blocks according to the invention allow for the valorization of quarry waste such as fine particles or, more generally, waste from the extractive industry and / or the construction sector. Furthermore, these types of materials help maintain the granular structure of the building block.

[0022] As previously stated, the binding material may also advantageously include, in addition to fine particles, a hydraulic (or alternative) binder to improve skeleton retention when fine particles are insufficient.

[0023] According to a particular feature, the building block according to the invention may have vertical through-holes, representing between 40% and 60% of the volume of said building block.

[0024] Such vertical through-holes allow for the filling of any lower blocks with a filler material, resulting in a reinforced and resistant building assembly. More specifically, a building block with filled vertical holes can be considered, for example, as a solid block of Group 1 in Table 3.1 of the French standard EN 1996-1-1.

[0025] According to a particular feature, the building block according to the invention can have the following dimensions: a length of 50 cm, a width of 25 cm, a height of 12.5 cm.

[0026] Thus, the dimensions of the building blocks are similar to the dimensions of a standard half-block measuring 50 x 25 x 25 cm, commonly known as a "concrete block". The installation of the blocks according to the invention is therefore facilitated.

[0027] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a construction assembly, comprising at least two construction blocks according to the invention, which are assembled without binder at the joints so as to be in direct contact with each other.

[0028] Thus, the construction system according to the invention is simple, quick, and economical to implement. Indeed, it does not require the use of mortar or any other binder between the building blocks. Furthermore, the lightweight nature of the blocks allows for simple and quick transport and installation.

[0029] Such a construction set can take the form, for example, of a masonry wall composed of a stack of raw earth building blocks.

[0030] Furthermore, the dimensions of the building blocks and the mortarless installation make it possible to maintain a rate equivalent to the installation of a wall made of hollow concrete blocks and a higher rate than for walls of compressed earth bricks (raw or stabilized).

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the blocks can be stacked in a staggered pattern and have vertical through-holes, the through-holes of said blocks being aligned, thus forming continuous vertical through-holes in the height of said construction assembly, said construction assembly comprising a filling material poured into said continuous vertical through-holes, said filling material being composed of concrete and / or raw earth.

[0032] By continuous vertical recess, we mean, in the context of the present invention, an empty column within the construction assembly, formed by the alignment of at least two through recesses of two stacked blocks.

[0033] Thus, the construction assembly according to the invention can be used as a load-bearing wall or not, a bracing wall or not.

[0034] More specifically, such a construction set can be intended for the realization in rehabilitation or new construction of load-bearing walls, or non-load-bearing walls, or facade walls or interior walls in individual houses, collective residential buildings, establishments open to the public of category 1 to 5, establishments subject to the labor code, health and school establishments, and more generally any type of building for commercial, industrial or agricultural use.

[0035] The construction system according to the invention allows the construction of single-storey buildings up to four-storey buildings.

[0036] Furthermore, as mentioned previously, with all vertical voids filled either with raw earth or with reinforced concrete forming a bond beam, the entire structure can be considered, for example, as a solid block masonry of Group 1 in Table 3.1 of the French standard EN 1996-1-1. Indeed, the infill material helps to bond the blocks of the structure together and improves its mechanical properties. In particular, the infill material serves to resist shear forces within the wall.

[0037] Furthermore, once filled, the building block according to the invention achieves a compressive strength of 8.1 MPa, which complies with the requirements of Group 1 of Table 3.1 of the French standard EN 1996-1-1 in terms of mechanical properties, for which this strength must be greater than 8 MPa.

[0038] Furthermore, the construction set allows a characteristic compressive strength (stress applied divided by 1.2) on the wall measured according to the NF EN 1052-1 standard to be at least equal to 2.8 MPa.

[0039] With regard to fire safety, the construction assembly according to the invention meets the requirements at most equal to REI 120 according to the decree of 22 March 2004, amended in March 2011, relating to the fire resistance of products, construction elements or works.

[0040] In an advantageous embodiment, the filling material may consist of raw earth comprising: at least one granular material representing between 60% and 90% of the total composition; at least one binding material representing between 10% and 30% of the total composition; soil from the construction site representing between 0% and 20% of the total composition.

[0041] According to a particular embodiment, the filling material may consist of raw earth comprising: between 50% and 70% of quarry waste rock type 0 / 20; between 10% and 30% of sand type 0 / 4 to 0 / 8; between 10% and 30% of fine particles, for example such fine particles may include fillers, crushed fillers, washing fines, etc.; between 0% and 5% of hydraulic binder or low carbon hydraulic binder or hydraulic lime or bio-based alternative binder; between 0% and 20% of soil from the construction site.

[0042] Thus, this filling material exhibits the same rheological behavior as concrete, and has a consistency that can be between S2 and S5 according to the NF EN 206 standard, preferably between S4 and S5.

[0043] Furthermore, this filling material has a compressive strength greater than or equal to 4 MPa and its function is to absorb shear forces in the wall.

[0044] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the construction assembly may include, in addition to the construction blocks according to the invention, accessory blocks of the lintel and / or slab type.

[0045] For example, the use of accessory blocks at the level of the door and window frames, or at the level of the floors, makes it possible to obtain a building assembly entirely made of raw earth, making the exterior appearance of the building assembly generally smooth and homogeneous.

[0046] Advantageously, the building assembly according to the invention may also include reinforcement within at least some of the continuous vertical recesses. Indeed, during the assembly of the building blocks, the alignment of the vertical recesses allows for the installation of what is known as confined or reinforced masonry. Thus, a concrete-type infill material, poured into the continuous vertical recesses, can be supplemented with metal reinforcement to strengthen the structure. Consequently, the building assembly can exhibit characteristics conforming to the minimum construction requirements for vertical / horizontal reinforcement defined, for example, in DTU 20.1 P4, and comply with the Eurocodes if the reinforcement is made of reinforced concrete.

[0047] Thus, the invention also relates to the use of a structural assembly comprising a tie beam for the construction of a building in a seismic zone. Indeed, by integrating a reinforced concrete tie beam within certain continuous vertical recesses, the structure is strengthened in strategic areas of the building, thereby resisting seismic stresses, so that the entire structure can then comply with regulations for buildings requiring seismic protection. More specifically, such a structural assembly is suitable for construction in seismic zones 1 to 4 according to NF EN 1998-1-1.

[0048] The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a raw earth building block of generally rectangular parallelepiped shape as defined above, said method comprising the following steps: selection of at least two materials, including at least one granular material representing between 60% and 80% of the total composition, and a binding material representing between 20% and 40% of the total composition; reconstitution of raw earth from said at least two selected materials; filling of a mold corresponding to the overall rectangular parallelepiped shape, with said reconstituted raw earth; compaction of said reconstituted raw earth within the mold, said compaction step implementing a vibration step, the vibration frequency during the compaction step being greater than 9000 revolutions / min; demolding of said compacted raw earth, delivering said raw earth building block.

[0049] Thus, the geometry and mechanical characteristics of the building block are the result of combining both an optimal and robust recomposition of natural materials and a high densification applied by an industrial tool combining vibration and compaction.

[0050] The industrial equipment settings are adapted to the nature of the material to achieve high densification and ultimately good strength, while maintaining a production rate equivalent to the manufacture of hollow concrete blocks, but with reduced costs and carbon footprint due to the materials used. Indeed, drying time is reduced thanks to the manufacturing parameters specific to the process according to the invention. Furthermore, the industrial equipment can be automated to further facilitate and accelerate production.

[0051] Furthermore, the process according to the invention allows for very low variation in the dimensions of the building blocks, with, for example, a dimensional tolerance on the height of plus or minus 1 mm. The very low dimensional variation of the building blocks obtained using this process allows for a very precise fit and facilitates the possible mortarless installation of the building blocks.

[0052] The mold used in the process according to the invention therefore has an overall rectangular parallelepiped internal shape, and allows the creation of recesses representing between 40% and 60% of the volume of the rectangular parallelepiped.

[0053] Furthermore, the use of raw earth reduces the environmental impact of construction. Indeed, this method of manufacturing a building block does not require a firing stage, thus reducing energy consumption. Moreover, the raw earth used in the manufacture of this block can be reconstituted from quarry by-products or excavated soil (more generally, materials from extractive industries and / or the construction sector), thereby valorizing these materials ordinarily considered waste. The building block according to the invention is therefore lightweight, strong, economical, and environmentally friendly.

[0054] Indeed, the proportions of granular material and binder material respectively provide a strong skeleton and maintain the bond between the skeleton elements. These proportions thus allow for optimal mechanical properties, meeting, among others, the standards NF EN 771-3 and XP 13-901.

[0055] Furthermore, a vibration frequency exceeding 9000 rpm ensures even distribution of the compacted raw earth within the mold, while also promoting the subsequent drying stage of the block. Vibration is applied to the entire assembly, including the mold and the raw earth inside, and can be implemented during or after compaction. This optimizes the compaction stage of the manufacturing process, resulting in raw earth that perfectly conforms to the shape of the mold and is highly compact, with a density exceeding 2000 kg / m³, thus improving the mechanical properties of the final building block.

[0056] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a vibration step can also be implemented during the filling step.

[0057] Vibration is applied to the entire assembly, including the mold and the raw clay inserted into it, and can be implemented during or after the filling process. This optimizes the filling stage of the manufacturing process, resulting in a more compact and dense raw clay that perfectly conforms to the shape of the mold. This improves the mechanical properties of the final building block and ensures blocks of consistent dimensions.

[0058] Advantageously, the vibration frequency during the filling stage exceeds 3000 rpm. This vibration ensures good distribution of the raw clay within the mold.

[0059] According to a particular characteristic, the compaction stage uses compression means applying a pressure greater than 120 bars.

[0060] Thus, the process makes it possible to obtain a dense and compact block with a reduced drying time, allowing automated palletizing in a time similar to that of hollow concrete blocks, and exhibiting good mechanical properties meeting the standards NF EN 771-3 and XP 13-901.

[0061] Depending on a particular characteristic, the duration of the filling step is between 2 and 5 seconds.

[0062] Thus, the manufacturing process is quick to implement, and requires little time for the filling stage.

[0063] Depending on a particular characteristic, the vibration time during the compaction stage is between 5 and 15 seconds maximum.

[0064] Thus, the manufacturing process is quick to implement, and requires little time for the compaction / vibration stage.

[0065] Depending on the conditions, a drying stage for the block may be implemented following the demolding stage. The drying time depends on the composition of the raw clay as well as the remaining moisture content after compaction. This drying is preferably carried out in the open air.

[0066] Furthermore, raw earth used for building blocks or as a filling material can be reconstituted through an industrial process that may include several steps such as: selection and sorting of materials, for example by screening; mixing and homogenization of the selected materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0067] Other aims, features, and advantages of the technique will become apparent upon reading the following description, given for illustrative purposes only and not as a limitation, which refers to the attached figures and examples. The figures include: [ Fig. 1] represents two three-dimensional building blocks according to an example of an embodiment of the invention; [ Fig. 2 ] is a diagram of a block from three different views, with dimensions, based on an example implementation; [ Fig. 3 ] represents a cross-section of the block shown in figure 2 ; Fig. 4 ] represents a longitudinal section of the block shown in figure 2 ; Fig. 5 ] represents a construction set comprising blocks according to an example of an embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] There figure 1 represents an example of an embodiment of the invention, in which the recesses 2 of the blocks 1 are vertical and through-holes. Indeed, the figure 1 represents two different views of three-dimensional blocks, placed on one of their sides.

[0069] The raw earth block can be made, among other things, from various materials sourced from diverse extractive industries, for example: quarry (co)products (e.g., tertiary sand, overburden); and / or quarry waste (e.g., tailings, washing fines); and / or construction and demolition waste, excavated soil, construction site soil.

[0070] Thus, the manufacture of such blocks makes it possible to valorize "waste" materials or materials that were undervalued in the methods of the previous art.

[0071] According to an example of implementation represented by the figures 1 to 4 The building block measures 50 x 25 x 12.5 cm and is comparable to a half-block of the old style. The raw earth facing is a minimum of 4 cm thick, more precisely 4.25 cm on the figure 2and the block includes two square recesses, each a minimum of 16 cm on a side, more precisely 16.5 cm on the figures 2 And 3 .

[0072] Furthermore, the two recesses shown on the figures 1 to 4 They feature fillets 3 on each of their edges. These fillets can, for example, facilitate the subsequent filling of the recesses with a filler material by avoiding the creation of hard-to-reach areas or areas likely to trap air bubbles. Furthermore, such fillets can also limit stress concentration in the corners and act as mechanical reinforcement.

[0073] Furthermore, the building blocks depicted on the figures 1 to 4They also feature four optional notches on the lower part of each end; these notches can, for example, facilitate gripping the raw earth building block. These notches can also be used to control the flow of any filler material when added to the hollows of the raw earth building block. figures 1 to 5 represent blocks with a notch at each end, however, a block with only one notch, located at the bottom, is also possible.

[0074] Finally, the building blocks depicted on the figures 1 to 4 They also feature a groove 5 on their underside, between the two vertical through-holes 2. These grooves can thus facilitate the cutting of the blocks.

[0075] In relation to the figure 5, a building set is described, consisting of a set of building blocks forming a vertical wall.

[0076] More specifically, the figure 5 This represents a dry stacking of building blocks, with vertical joints offset from one layer to the next, more precisely in a staggered pattern. The building blocks shown have overlapping / aligned vertical recesses to form continuous vertical recesses throughout the height of the wall. These continuous vertical recesses can then be filled. in situ by a specific raw earth mixture in the common area and / or reinforced concrete in accordance with the minimum construction provisions for vertical / horizontal tie beams defined in the French standard DTU 20.1 P4.

[0077] There figure 5This also shows that raw earth building blocks can have notches on the lower part of each end, these notches allowing for the creation of a specific structure with the infill material. Indeed, such notches allow for the connection of each of the continuous vertical recesses formed in the height of the wall, in pairs. Thus, a strong building assembly is obtained by improving the bonding of the building blocks and creating a specific, reinforced structure with the infill material. EXAMPLES

[0078] The following examples illustrate the invention, without however limiting its scope. PRODUCTS AND RAW MATERIALS

[0079] The raw earth used for the manufacture of building blocks, according to the examples described below, includes: a granular material representing between 60% and 80% of the total composition, consisting of tertiary sand belonging to the granular class 0 / 4 or 0 / 8; a binding material representing between 20% and 40% of the total composition, and comprising: ∘ fine clay particles from the washing of granular materials representing between 20% and 40% of the total composition of the raw earth, and ∘ a hydraulic binder (cement) according to standard NF EN 197-1 representing between 0% and 5% of the total composition of said raw earth.

[0080] The filler material used to fill the recesses in the building blocks according to the implementation examples described below includes: Granular materials: ∘ between 50% and 70% of clayey quarry waste of type 0 / 20; ∘ between 10% and 30% of sand of type 0 / 4; Binding materials: ∘ between 10% and 30% of siliceous fines of type 0 / 2; ∘ between 0% and 5% of cement, lime, and admixture; between 0% and 20% of soil from the construction site. CHARACTERIZATION TESTS

[0081] Characterization of the building blocks according to the invention, empty and filled: ∘ Measurement of compressive strength (with the cavities unfilled, on a clean surface): this measurement was carried out in accordance with the method presented in standard NF EN 772-1; ∘ Measurement of compressive strength (with the cavities filled, on the total surface): this measurement was also carried out in accordance with the method presented in standard NF EN 772-1; ∘ Measurement of thermal conductivity: this measurement was carried out in accordance with the method presented in standard NF EN 12664; ∘ Measurement of the water vapor diffusion resistance coefficient: this measurement was carried out in accordance with the method presented in standard NF EN ISO 12577. Characterization of the filling material: ∘ In its fresh state, consistency assessment in accordance with standard NF EN 206-1; ∘ in the solid state, measurement of compressive strength in accordance with standard NF EN 12390-3.Characterization of wall-type construction assemblies comprising building blocks and a filling material according to the invention: • Measurement of compressive strength carried out in accordance with the method presented in standard NF EN 1052-1; this compressive strength is calculated by taking the minimum value between the minimum stress exerted before failure and the average stress divided by 1.2; • Measurement of flexural strength carried out in accordance with the method presented in standard NF EN 1052-2, which is measured either on the plane parallel to the horizontal joints or on the plane perpendicular to the vertical joints; • Measurement of fire resistance REI in minutes carried out in accordance with the method presented in standard NF EN 1365-1. The measured REI corresponds to the duration for which the construction assembly has a fire-stopping effect.; ∘ measurement of the sound reduction index Rw (C ; C tr ) in decibels, in accordance with the method presented in standard NF EN ISO 10140-2. . EXAMPLE 1: Production of unfilled building blocks according to the invention

[0082] From raw earth for building blocks, building blocks are produced according to the invention as shown in the figures 1 to 4 according to the process according to the invention and defined above. These are blocks of dimensions 50 x 25 x 12.5 cm with a facing thickness of raw earth of 4.25 cm, these blocks also comprising two square through-holes of 16.5cm on each side (cf. figures 2 And 3 ). EXAMPLE 2 : production of building blocks according to the invention filled

[0083] Building blocks from example 1 were filled with the raw earth-based filling material, as defined previously. EXAMPLE 3: Construction of low walls using building blocks according to the invention

[0084] Low walls were constructed using building blocks as described in Example 1, dry-stacked in a staggered pattern, with through-holes forming continuous vertical recesses throughout the wall's height. These continuous vertical recesses were then filled with a filler material as defined previously, to support and reinforce the entire structure. RESULTS OF CHARACTERIZATION TESTS

[0085] Tests were carried out on the building blocks of examples 1 and 2, the filling material used in example 2, and the walls of example 3. In particular, the characterization tests described above were applied to these different elements, in order to measure their mechanical, thermal, acoustic and fire resistance properties.

[0086] Initially, Table 1 below shows the results of the characterization tests carried out on unfilled building blocks from example 1 and those filled from example 2. Thus, as previously mentioned, compression strength measurements were carried out according to the NF EN 772-1 standard on unfilled blocks, and on blocks filled with earth-based filling material, thermal conductivity measurements were carried out according to the NF EN 12664 standard, and water vapor diffusion resistance coefficient measurements were carried out according to the NF EN ISO 12577 standard.

[0087] Table 1 shows that the compressive strength values ​​of the empty blocks (on the order of 7 MPa) comply with the requirements of standards NF EN 771-3 and XP 13-901, namely Rc greater than 4 MPa for a type B40 block according to standard NF EN 771-3, and fall within the requirements defined in Group 2 "Elements made of vertical cavities" of Table 3.1 of the French standard EN 1996-1-1 (EC6).

[0088] Furthermore, the compressive strength values ​​of the blocks filled with a filling material including raw earth also comply with the requirements of Group 1 of Table 3.1 of the French standard EN 1996-1-1 in terms of mechanical properties, namely Rc greater than 8 MPa. [Table 1] TEST PERFORMED: Measurement of the following parameters: Measured values Compressive strength (unfilled hollows, on a clean surface) (MPa) Rc = 7.2 MPa Compressive strength (hollows filled) (MPa) Rc = 8.1 MPa Thermal conductivity (W / mK) λ < 1 W / mK Water vapor diffusion resistance coefficient average µ = 20

[0089] Table 2 below shows the results of the characterization tests carried out on the raw earth-based fill material. More specifically, measurements were taken on the earth-based fill material as described above, in its fresh state, to evaluate its consistency in accordance with standard NF EN 206-1, and in its solid state, to measure its compressive strength in accordance with standard NF EN 12390-3.

[0090] Table 2 shows that the slump measured on the impact table is equal to or greater than 420 mm, which corresponds to the consistency of a fluid concrete of type S5 according to standard NF EN 206, which specifies that category S5 corresponds to a slump greater than or equal to 220 mm. Therefore, the fresh consistency of the filler material falls between S2 and S5 according to standard NF EN 206. [Table 2] TEST PERFORMED: Measurement of the following parameters: Values Compressive strength (MPa) Rc = 4.7 MPa Consistency when fresh (spread in mm) Spread on the impact table ≥ 420 mm

[0091] Table 3 below concerns the tests carried out on the walls in Example 3. In particular, Table 3 shows that: The walls in Example 3 exhibit a compressive strength (Rc) (measured according to standard NF EN 1052-1) of at least 2.8 MPa. This value is calculated by taking the minimum stress exerted before failure (3.1 MPa) and dividing the average stress by 1.2 (3.3 / 1.2, i.e., 2.75 MPa). Furthermore, the average compressive strength of the walls is greater than 3.0 MPa. The walls in Example 3 exhibit a flexural strength measured on the plane parallel to the horizontal joints of 0.84 MPa, while the average flexural strength measured on the plane perpendicular to the vertical joints is 0.27 MPa. Thus, the infill material effectively resists shear forces within the wall.Indeed, reference works dealing with the dimensioning of masonry structures, as well as certain standards such as standard NF DTU 20.1 (P10-202) recommend a resistance greater than 0.2 MPa in the plane perpendicular to the bedding layers, and a resistance greater than 0.1 MPa in the plane parallel to the bedding layers, in the case of masonry structures with thin joint mortar. [Table 3] TEST PERFORMED: Measurement of the following parameters: Standard Values Compressive strength on low walls (MPa) NF EN 1052-1 3.3 MPa 3.1 MPa 3.4 MPa 3.4 MPa Flexural strength on low walls (MPa) NF EN 1052-2 Plane parallel to the horizontal joints 0.794 MPa 0.854 MPa 0.784 MPa 0.832 MPa 0.939 MPa Plane perpendicular to the vertical joints 0.262 MPa 0.340 MPa 0.203 MPa 0.281 MPa Fire resistance: REI (min) NF EN 1365-1 REI ≥ 120 min NF EN 1363-1 Acoustics: Rw (C; Ctr) (dB) NF EN ISO 10140-2 41 dB (0; -2)

Claims

1. A building block (1) made of raw earth of an overall rectangular parallelepipedal shape, characterized in that it has a hollow core (2) ratio of between 40 % and 60 % and a volume greater than 10 dm3, wherein said raw earth includes at least one granular material that represents between 60 % and 80 % of the total composition and at least one binding material that represents between 20 % and 40 % of the total composition.

2. A building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow core ratio of said block is between 40 and 50%.

3. A building block (1) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said at least one granular material belongs to the granular class 0 / 4 or 0 / 8.

4. A building block (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said at least one binding material includes fine particles that represent between 20 % and 40 % of the total composition of said raw earth, and a hydraulic or alternative binder that represents between 0 % and 5 % of the total composition of said raw earth.

5. A building assembly, characterized in that it includes at least two building blocks (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said at least two blocks (1) are assembled without a binder at the joints.

6. A building assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that said at least two blocks (1) are stacked in a staggered arrangement, wherein the blocks (1) include vertical hollow cores (2) that run through the blocks, wherein the hollow cores (2) of said blocks (1) are aligned and form continuous vertical hollow cores that run through the height of said building assembly, wherein said building assembly includes a filling material poured into said continuous vertical hollow cores, wherein said filling material is composed of concrete and / or raw earth.

7. A building assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that said filling material is composed of raw earth that includes: - at least one granular material that represents between 60 % and 90 % of the total composition; - at least one binding material that represents between 10 % and 30 % of the total composition; - earth from the building site that represents between 0 % and 20 % of the total composition.

8. A building assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that said filling material is composed of raw earth comprising: - between 50 % and 70 % 0 / 20-type quarry waste; - between 10 % and 30 % 0 / 4 to 0 / 8-type sand; - between 10% and 30% fine particles; - between 0 % and 5 % hydraulic binder or low-carbon hydraulic binder or hydraulic lime or an alternative binder; - between 0% and 20% earth from the building site.

9. A building assembly according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that it further includes at least one accessory building block of a lintel and / or edge-beam type.

10. A building assembly according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that it includes a wall tie within at least one of said continuous vertical hollow cores.

11. Use of a building assembly according to claim 10, for the construction of a building in a seismic zone.

12. A manufacturing method for manufacturing a building block (1) made of raw earth of an overall rectangular parallelepipedal shape as defined according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said method includes the following steps: - selecting at least two materials that include at least one granular material that represents between 60% and 80% of the total composition, and a binding material that represents between 20% and 40% of the total composition; - a step of forming a raw earth from said at least two selected materials; - filling a mould corresponding to the generally rectangular parallelepipedal shape with said formed raw earth; - compacting said formed raw earth in the mould, wherein said compacting step includes a vibration step, wherein the vibration frequency during the compacting step is greater than 9,000 revolutions per minute; - removing said compacted raw earth from the mould, which yields said building block (1) made of raw earth.

13. A manufacturing method according to claim 12, characterized in that the filling step includes a vibration step, wherein the vibration frequency during the filling step is greater than 3,000 revolutions per minute.