Hollow, reinforced building blocks with screw connections and without the use of mortar

Abstract

This invention is a hollow building block made of a combination of cement concrete and polymer adhesive, and is used to build walls. It is in the shape of a square cube and a rectangular cube, and is reinforced with double-ended rebar bolts (stud bolts) and movable screw-on nut heads. Due to the vibration of the molding of the blocks, the elimination of air bubbles inside the block body, and the use of polymer materials in the construction of its material and the elimination of the fragility of the block body, it is very strong and durable. The blocks are assembled dry and without the need for cement mortar, using screw connections including screws. The double-ended, toothed rebar and nuts are connected together and can be installed quickly by a simple construction worker without the need for a skilled master builder. The strength, durability, and resistance of the wall are greatly increased, and the hollowness of the blocks reduces the weight and consumption of building materials in the wall.

Description

Description of the invention Title of the invention Hollow, reinforced building block with screw connections and without the use of mortar Technical background of the relevant invention This invention is related to the field of hollow building blocks for building walls, and in particular, a polymer is used in its material along with cement concrete to prevent cracking of its body, and it is reinforced and strengthened with double-headed threaded rebar bolts (stud bolts) and movable and nut-screwed caps, and is connected together without the need for cement mortar and in a dry-laid manner, forming a wall, which in the International Classification of Inventions is related to the fields of construction and construction materials, and is placed in section E (fixed structures) and class E04 (Building). Technical problem and stating the objectives of the invention The technical problems in building a solid wall in construction are as follows: 1) Using solid blocks and bricks and connecting these blocks together with cement mortar increases the weight of the wall and the building, and increases the consumption of building materials and construction costs. Due to the increased weight of the walls and the building, during an earthquake, the risk of cracks and collapse of the walls and building debris increases, and the risks of life and financial loss from falling wall debris also increase.2) Conventional and traditional hollow building blocks, because they are made of conventional cement concrete and by simple and traditional molding, have air bubbles in their body and are very fragile. During transportation and movement from the factory to the project site, a percentage of the blocks' bodies crack and their edges become filled and broken, which increases the cost of throwing the blocks. Due to the lack of reinforcement and strength of traditional blocks, they easily crack and their body surface breaks, and they lack the necessary strength and stability. They are not used in the construction of load-bearing walls of buildings. Even using them in the construction of non-load-bearing walls of buildings is very dangerous and risky during earthquakes.3) The use of solid bricks and blocks in wall construction, due to the lack of air and empty space inside the block, lacks the property of insulation against heat, cold, and sound. 4) In remote and deprived, mountainous, earthquake-prone, and difficult-to-reach areas, traditional clay or concrete bricks and blocks must be used to connect them with cement mortar to build walls and buildings. The mortar-making process itself requires cement, water, and a lot of manpower to prepare it. In such areas, preparing mortar is very expensive and difficult due to the lack of water, roads, and proper facilities, and the speed of wall and building construction is greatly reduced. 5) The operation of a brick wall also requires skilled and skilled masonry manpower. In deprived areas that lack access roads and proper facilities, it is very difficult and costly to provide skilled and skilled manpower, and sometimes the walls built lack proper strength. Due to the aforementioned problems in traditional blocks and bricks for walling and construction, this invention is a hollow block whose material is a combination of cement concrete and a type of polymer so that the polymer increases the strength and stability of the block body. The blocks are also molded and produced on a vibrating table so that the vibration causes the block body to be free of air bubbles and cracks. These blocks are reinforced and strengthened with double-headed threaded rebar bolts (stud bolts) and movable and nut-bolted screw-on caps so that they can be connected together in a dry manner without the need for cement mortar and form the wall. The reinforcement of the hollow block of the invention also gives it the ability to be used in load-bearing walls. The use of screw connections in the block has increased the speed of construction and increased the strength of the construction of load-bearing and non-load-bearing building walls. The hollowness of the blocks also creates the property of insulation against cold, heat and sound, and without the need for cement mortar and skilled masonry workers, the ability to be installed and used in wall construction. It has. A description of the state of the prior art and the history of developments related to the claimed invention. The claimed invention was examined and searched in the databases of prominent registered inventions in Iran and the world: -In patent number 82092 of 2013, Mr. Masoud Heidari in Iran disclosed a block in which blocks are stacked on top of each other by making traditional concrete blocks that have a channel for placing rebar and reinforcement. -In patent number 75429 of 2010, Mr. Ali Afshari in Iran disclosed concrete blocks in which the blocks are stacked on top of each other due to having a channel between them. -In patent number 99805 of 2019, Mr. Ramin Hemmati in Iran disclosed a concrete block and slab wall in which flat concrete slabs are connected by means of metal retainers and internal frames. Technical differences and advantages of our invention: After reviewing all websites and databases of domestic and foreign inventions and articles, we realized that our invention is unique and innovative at the global level and has no analogues. The above-mentioned inventions are all traditional blocks that are placed on top of each other by arrangement or rebar and reinforcement and by cement mortar. They do not use innovative techniques of bolted connections and reinforcing the block with double-headed rebar bolts (stud bolts) and double-sided nuts, along with a fixed body design and movable nut caps and polymer materials, so that building blocks can be connected to each other and building walls without the need for mortar, in a dry manner, and with high speed and strength. Providing a solution to an existing technical problem along with an accurate, sufficient, and integrated description of the invention The solutions that this invention provides to technical problems through its innovative techniques are as follows: -This invention is a hollow building block made of a composite material of cement concrete and a type of polymer, the use of polymer in its material increases the strength and prevents the fragility of the block body, and the blocks are also molded and produced on a vibrating table so that vibration eliminates air bubbles in the block body, thereby preventing cracking and fragility in the block body and strengthening its body. As a result, the combination and use of two new techniques of using polymer in the block construction material and also vibrating and shaking the block construction mold to eliminate air bubbles in its body are important differences between traditional blocks and the blocks of this invention. (Image No. B1) -These hollow blocks are reinforced and strengthened with double-headed stud bolts with sizes of 10 to 16 mm inside the empty space of the block and movable and nut-bolted caps, and are dry-laid and connected to each other by screw connections, without the need for cement mortar, and form the wall. (Images B2 and B3) -The method of connecting the blocks in the wall arrangement is by bolted connections, including: double-headed threaded rebar bolts (stud bolts) and nuts at the top and bottom of each bolt, i.e., movable nut-bearing caps. (Images B3 and B4) -The shape of each block is either a square cube or a rectangular cube. The space inside these cubic blocks is empty, and the bottom of each block has no surface or wall. Stud bolts are placed vertically in the middle space inside this cube, acting as columns and reinforcing and strengthening the block. They also connect each cubic block to the blocks below and above it. The fact that it is made of rebar also makes it a column and creates great strength for the block. (Image B1) -Inside each square cube block, a double-headed threaded rebar bolt is used, and inside each rectangular cube block, two double-headed threaded rebar bolts are used, which are screwed and connected vertically to their upper and lower movable nut caps. (Images B1 and B3) - The appearance and body of the block is a square cube with dimensions of 15 × 15 cm or a rectangular cube with dimensions of 15 × 30 cm and a height of 10 cm. These dimensions and sizes can be increased or decreased, and cubic blocks with larger or smaller volumetric dimensions can be made. The top surface of the block or the roof of the block has circular holes that are covered by a movable, circular cap. The space inside these cubes is hollow and has no walls on the floor and contains air. This feature insulates the block against sound, heat, and cold, and also reduces and lightens the weight of the block. - The hollowness of the space inside each cubic block and the air inside the cube of the block create a state of heat and cold insulation and soundproofing for the wall built with these blocks. It also makes the blocks lighter, reduces the cost of production and makes its production more economical. The use of double-headed rebar bolts in this empty space acts as a rebar column and reinforces the hollow block and increases the strength of the block. This space also protects the screw connections inside each block. (Image B1) - The roof of each block has circular holes with a diameter of 8 cm, which are covered by circular movable caps that act as its lid, and are formed from two large and small circles with diameters of 10 and 8 cm. A nut hole is located in the center of this movable cap, which is connected to one side of a double-headed threaded rod bolt (stud bolt). All these dimensions and sizes can be increased or decreased depending on the volume of the cubic block. -The use of adhesives and polymer materials in the construction of the body and building materials of these blocks creates moisture-proof insulation in the blocks and walls built with them, and also reduces the fragility and cracking of the block body and strengthens the block body. - The dimensions of each rectangular cube block are 15 x 30 cm and the dimensions of each square cube block are 15 x 15 cm. The height of both rectangular and square cube blocks is 10 cm. These dimensions can be increased or decreased, and cube blocks with larger and smaller dimensions and volumes can be created depending on the type of wall and building. (Images B1, B3, and B4) - The square cube-shaped blocks include a circular hole with a diameter of 8 cm in the ceiling and include a cap, and the rectangular cube-shaped blocks include two holes with a diameter of 8 cm in the ceiling and include two caps, and the bottom of both blocks has no surface or wall so that they can easily be placed on the caps of the block below them. And all the dimensions and sizes of the circles and caps can be increased or decreased depending on the size of the cubic blocks. - Each square cube block has a nut hole in the ceiling (inside the center of the movable cap) and is connected to the nut hole in the ceiling of one of the caps of the block below by a double-headed rebar bolt (stud bolt) with a grade of 10 to 16 mm, as bolted connections of the block, and causes the blocks to lock and fasten to each other in the wall. - These blocks, due to being reinforced and strengthened by double-headed, threaded rebar bolts with sizes of 10 to 16 mm and movable, screw-in nut caps and the use of polymer material in its body, can be used for 15 cm separating walls and in light, one-story structures as a replacement for load-bearing walls. In 2 or 4-story buildings, they can be placed side by side and locked and fastened together, and can be used as a 30 cm load-bearing wall. (Images B3 and B4) -Each block is in the shape of a rectangular cube and has 2 movable, circular, beaded caps on its top. These caps act as a block door, allowing the space inside the block to be seen by moving them aside. In addition, when the blocks are arranged in a Chinese wall, they act as a support for screws and screw connections, and lock and fasten them, connecting and firmly attaching the blocks to the blocks below and above them, as well as to the blocks on their sides. (Image B1) -Each rectangular cube block has 2 circular movable caps including a hole and a nut in the middle of the center of the circular cap on the top and roof of the block, which are connected to the blocks below and above them by screw connections (2 double-headed screws with teeth) inside the cube and the movable nut-shaped caps. (Picture B4) - Each rectangular cube block has two nut holes in the ceiling (inside the center of the movable caps) and is connected to the nut hole in the ceiling of one of the caps of the lower block by two double-headed rebar bolts (stud bolts) with a grade of 10 to 16 mm, as bolted connections of the block, and they lock and fasten the blocks to each other in the wall. The dimensions and size of these bolts and nuts can be increased or decreased in proportion to the size of the cube blocks, and bolts and nuts of different sizes can be used. -The holes and nuts on the top of the roof (the nut inside the center of the cap) of each block are aligned with and parallel to the nut holes of the cap of the block below and above it, and both nut holes are connected together by a threaded double-headed rebar bolt. (Image B2) -That is, each rectangular cube block is screwed together, connected, locked and fastened with 2 nut holes in its roof caps and 2 nut holes in the caps of its lower blocks and 2 rebar bolts of two headers in the interior of the block as bolted connections. (Image B3) -Each square cube block also has a circular movable nut-shaped cap on the roof, the center of which has a hole and nut, and is connected and locked to the nut-shaped cap of its lower block, the nut holes of both the lower and upper blocks being parallel and along each other by a double-headed threaded rebar bolt (stud bolt). (Image B1) -The bottom part of each square and rectangular cube block has no walls or surfaces, so when arranging the blocks in wall construction, it is placed on the roof and caps of the block below it. Using the technique of protruding the cap of the lower block, and the lack of a floor on the upper block, creates a mechanical and physical lock and fastening between the blocks, locking them together and preventing them from moving, making the installation and removal of the blocks faster and easier, and increasing their strength. (Image B1) -The circular, beaded, movable cap on the roof of each block consists of two connected circles, the diameter of the larger and upper circle is 10 cm and the diameter of the smaller and lower circle is 8 cm, to be placed on the 8 cm diameter hole in the roof of the block, and the thickness of the protruding wall of the cap on the roof of each block is 3 cm (each circle is 1.5 cm). (Image B2) - The thickness of the walls of these cubic blocks is 2.5 cm and they are made by vacuum casting from the original model. During the casting of the blocks, their mold is vibrated and shaken to eliminate the air bubbles inside the block body and to make the block body stronger with polymer adhesives. (Image B1) - The holes for the nuts in the roof caps of each block are along and parallel to the bottom holes and are screwed and connected by double-headed rebar bolts (stud bolts) that are perpendicular to them. This double-headed, toothed bolt plays the role of a column inside the block and is the main factor in reinforcing and strengthening the block. It screws, locks, and fastens the blocks together in the wall arrangement, making the wall resistant. -The most important innovative technique used in this invention is the use of bolted connections in the empty space inside these cubic blocks, where each of the stud bolts is connected to the nut of the block's roof caps on one side and to the nut located in the roof caps of the lower block on the other side, acting both as a block column and as a block column base, reinforcing the block and also increasing the strength of the block. As bolted connections, they connect each block to the blocks below and above it, eliminating the need for cement mortar for connection. (Image B3) -Another important innovative technique used in this invention is the use of a movable screw-on nut cap and a cap protrusion on the roof of each block, which protrudes from the bottom block's roof into the floor without the surface of the upper block and creates a mechanical lock and closure like Lego blocks, making the installation and removal of the blocks in the wall easy and fast and preventing the blocks from moving and sliding. The movable cap of the block's roof acts as a door to the block and when opened, the interior of the cubic block is revealed. There is also a nut in the center of the circular cap circle that is connected to the double-headed threaded rebar bolt inside the block and causes it to be screwed and connected to the blocks below and above it. (Image B4) - In wall construction using these blocks, the blocks of the first row or row of the wall are connected to the wall foundation, which includes holes and nuts, with 10 mm screws, and the first row and row of the wall are formed, and then the nut caps of the upper blocks are screwed to the nut caps of the lower blocks by screw connections inside the block. The wall layout model is such that half of the upper two-cap block is placed on the half of the lower two blocks and locked. This type of layout increases the strength of the wall being built. (Image B4) -To build each square meter of a 15 cm wall, 33 blocks are required, and to build each square meter of a 30 cm load-bearing wall, 66 of these blocks are required, and each block weighs approximately 6 kg. If the block volume dimensions are changed and cubic blocks with larger or smaller volume dimensions are built, the number of these blocks in the wall construction will increase or decrease depending on the type of wall. -The size of the rebar bolts and nuts used in the block subject to this invention is 10 to 16 mm. They can be increased or decreased in proportion to the size and volume of the blocks made (Figure B3). Explanation of shapes, maps and diagrams List of parts specifications and detailed documentation of technical drawings and patent images: -Image number B1: Image of the fixed body of the square cube and rectangular cube blocks and the walls of each block and the circular holes in the roof of the blocks from the top (numbers 3 and 4), bottom (numbers 5 and 6), and side (numbers 1 and 2) views. -Image No. B2: Image of the movable nut-bearing caps of the roof of each block from the side (No. 7), top (No. 8), and bottom (No. 9) views and the double-headed, toothed rebar bolt (No. 10) as the bolted connections of the block. -Image number B3: Image of how the movable caps, nuts inside the caps, and the double-headed threaded rebar bolt are positioned and connected to each other (numbers 11 and 12) -Image number B4: Image of how blocks are screwed and connected during wall construction using screw connections from the top (number 13) and side (number 14) views, and image of how the first row of wall construction is connected to the ground (number 15) A clear and precise statement of the advantages of the claimed invention over prior inventions. - Due to the reinforcement of the block with stud bolts and movable screw-on nut caps, and the use of a type of polymer adhesive in combination with cement concrete as the material for building the block body, as well as the molding of the blocks in a vibrating and vibrating manner, the air bubbles inside the block body are eliminated, and the strength and stability of the block body are increased, making it capable of building load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls. -Because the block of this invention is hollow, the weight of the walls built with it is reduced, and this weight reduction reduces the cost of building the wall and causes less financial and life losses in earthquakes. Its reinforced and solid construction also prevents weakness and fragility in the body of this hollow block. - The block pieces of this invention are installed and arranged in a drywall manner without the need for cement mortar in the construction of a building wall, and the blocks are connected and locked together by screw connections. - The blocks are designed and manufactured in such a way that their exterior and interior surfaces are smooth and shiny and are produced in different colors. Since they are moisture-proof due to the use of polymer adhesives in their constituent materials, there is no need to install stone cladding from the outside or cementing and plastering from the inside. There is no need for tiling in the building services, unless an individual wishes to install tiles as a matter of taste. For that purpose, since the wall is smooth, adhesive tiles can be installed easily and with minimal time and space on the wall built with these blocks. -Because all block parts are connected by bolted connections (rebar bolts and nuts) with a grade of 10 to 16 mm, the entire wall structure is interconnected and, with the ends of the walls being bundled, it is very resistant and strong in terms of earthquake resistance. -The final cost of each unit of the inventive block is approximately one-third of other conventional and traditional methods because, first, traditional methods have higher installation and execution costs, and after installing them outside and inside, they are faced with stone, tile, cement, and plaster twice, which requires the purchase and consumption of materials and higher installation costs. In the block subject to this invention, almost no further work is required after installing the block. - Making each piece of this block is a very simple production method and requires little investment for mass production. Compared to other methods, such as a brick production factory, which requires billions of tomans of investment and machinery, this block can be produced at the project site with a half-cubic meter mixer and a flat vibrating table with one or two workers, which also reduces transportation and production costs. -Another advantage of the block subject to this invention is that in earthquake-stricken or deprived areas lacking roads and water, units can be built in the shortest possible time, one day or at most two days, which makes this permanent advantage a desirable and valuable advantage compared to huts or tents, which are generally temporary and inefficient means of accommodation. -Because the space inside each cubic block of the subject of this invention is empty, and there is air in this space inside the block, the block acts as an insulator and acts as a very resistant insulator against sound, heat, and cold. -It is very suitable and economical for building walls of gyms and other public halls due to its fast implementation, high strength, and speed of installation. -By using a variety of colors in concrete for block construction, it is possible to create a variety of blocks in different and diverse colors, which can be used to create very stylish facades with these blocks. -Building a wall with these block pieces does not require skilled manpower and can be built and installed with semi-skilled and inexpensive labor, and it is also very fast in installing the block pieces. -For the construction of temporary buildings in mines, gardens, and villas in mountainous and difficult-to-reach areas and northern regions with high humidity, where transporting building materials is very difficult and costly, building walls with these blocks provides a strong, acceptable, fast, and inexpensive structure. -All dimensions of these cubic blocks can be increased or decreased, and cubic blocks with larger or smaller volumetric dimensions can be made. Description of at least one implementation method for implementing the invention To use the blocks of this invention in the construction of a wall, it is sufficient to first screw and lock the blocks in the first row or row of the building wall onto the nuts in the ground foundation, and then place the blocks on top of each other in the subsequent rows and rows of the wall, and connect the movable nut-bearing caps of the upper block roof to the movable nut-bearing caps of the lower blocks roof using screw connections (bolts and nuts). In this way, the wall is raised to the desired height by the blocks, and the corresponding wall is built and created. Explicit mention of the industrial application of the invention The scope of application of this invention is the construction, block and wall construction industry, where any applicant for construction of one-story to four-story buildings can use these blocks to arrange and create the walls of their respective buildings, and it is very effective and suitable for the construction of one-story and immediate houses and residences in deprived and earthquake-stricken areas and difficult and mountainous places.

Claims

Claim What is claimed: Claim 1) What is claimed is a hollow building block reinforced with double-headed stud bolts and movable nut-bolts, and also strengthened and strengthened by polymer adhesive combined with cement concrete as the material for making the block body, along with vibration molding of the block, to remove air bubbles from the block body, eliminate brittleness and cracking, and increase its stability and waterproofing. This block is in the form of a square cube and a rectangular cube for building walls in construction, which is connected without the need for cement mortar and in a dry-laid manner, by screw connections in the interior of the block, and the components and parts of this block are as follows: - The block body is in the form of a square cube or a rectangular cube and has circular holes on the surface of the block ceiling and no walls on the floor - Circular nut-bolt movable caps as a door and cover for the hole on the ceiling of each block and screw connections and locks and fasteners - Screw connections include double-headed stud bolts Bolts and nuts inside the center of the circle. Circular movable caps. Roof block as column and column base.Block Claim 2) According to claim number 1, the appearance and body of the block is in the form of a square cube or a rectangular cube, and the upper surface of the block or the roof of the block has circular holes (a square cube block has one hole and a rectangular cube block has two holes) which are covered by a movable and circular cap, and the space inside these cubes is hollow and has no walls on the floor and contains air, and this feature insulates the block against sound, heat and cold, and reduces and lightens the weight of the block and, consequently, the weight of the wall. Claim 3) According to claim number 2, the roof of each block has circular holes that are covered by circular movable caps that act as its lid, and these caps consist of two large and small circles, and a nut hole is located in the center of this movable cap, which is connected to one side of a double-headed threaded rod bolt (stud bolt). Claim 4) According to claim 1, the square cube-shaped blocks include a circular hole in the roof and include a cap, and the rectangular cube-shaped blocks include two holes in the roof and also include two caps, and the bottom of both blocks lacks a surface and walls so that they can easily be placed on the caps of the blocks below them. Claim 5) According to claim 1, each square cube block has a nut hole in the ceiling (inside the center of the movable cap) and is connected to the nut hole in the ceiling of one of the caps of the lower block by a double-headed rebar bolt (stud bolt), as a bolted connection of the block, causing the blocks to lock and fasten to each other in the wall. Claim 6) According to claim 1, each rectangular cube block has two nut holes in the ceiling (inside the center of the movable caps) and is connected to the nut hole in the ceiling of one of the caps of the lower block by two double-headed rebar bolts (stud bolts), as bolted connections of the block, causing the blocks to lock and fasten to each other in the wall. Claim 7) According to claim number 3, the nut holes of the roof caps of each block are along and parallel to the bottom holes and are screwed together and connected by double-headed rebar bolts (stud bolts) that are perpendicular to them. These double-headed rebar bolts with threaded ends and movable screw-on nut caps play the role of columns and column bases inside the block and are the main factor in reinforcing and strengthening the block and screwing, locking and fastening the blocks together in the wall arrangement, increasing the strength of the wall.

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