A brain video retractor with the ability to increase the surgeon's field of view through limited and controllable contraction of the camera's surroundings.

Abstract

The brain video retractor has the ability to increase the surgeon's field of view through limited and controllable contraction of the environment around the camera in the field of contraction of the patient's brain areas in neurosurgery. It consists of a main camera-equipped retractor module with two jaws that are connected to each other in a hinged joint and between them there are two inflatable air bags that are inflated with an air pump and move the two jaws apart. The camera, along with LED lights that provide illumination in front of the camera, creates an optimal space for the surgeon's vision. These two jaws actually create a limited contraction around the camera's field of view, and after the surgeon has finished monitoring the desired area, the air pump, which is controlled by an electric screw on the control panel on the retractor handle, fills the air sacs in three sizes. By rotating in the opposite direction, the pump stops its activity and the excess air in the sac is released. The spring force between the two jaws helps the two jaws return to the inactive position and are removed from the desired area by the surgeon without damaging the brain areas and re-entered in another position that the surgeon determines. He does.

Description

Description of the invention Title of the invention (as stated in the declaration) Brain video retractor with the ability to increase the surgeon's field of view through limited and controllable contraction of the camera's surroundings Technical background of the relevant invention Brain retractors are used in neurosurgery to stretch brain tissue, increase the field of view during surgery, and to reduce damage to surrounding normal tissues. In fact, they are explicitly related to brain contraction tools for surgery. Technical problem and stating the objectives of the invention During neurosurgery, a microscope or endoscope is traditionally used to view deep areas, but due to the large size of the device, difficult transportation, expensive facilities and repairs, the naked eye is preferred in some cases. On the other hand, this equipment may not always be optimally accessible in the aforementioned surgical procedures due to hospital management. However, it is hardly possible for the surgeon to see parts of the surgical field with the naked eye, but it certainly has lower accuracy. Among the blind spots of the brain is one of the direct challenges in this field. The goals of this product are: ease of viewing, increased access to alternative vision for the naked eye, accelerated viewing of all required areas, increased quality of vision and increased retractor rate of areas being filmed, reduced risk of damage to normal areas, minimal physical movement of retractor hardware. A description of the state of the prior art and the history of developments related to the claimed invention. Retractor tools and similar products are used to create tension and contraction in various areas of surgical sites. Retractors come in many different types and sometimes have significant similarities. Retractors related to this area are also used for the brain area. The purpose of using a retractor is sometimes to hold the tissues surrounding the surgical site so that the surgeon's field of vision and work is suitable. For example, in brain surgery, the brain retractor system includes a ring that is horizontally above the patient's head and is connected to the Mayfield, and the required number of retractors are installed on the ring and are used from above towards the patient's head to push aside the patient's scalp. In fact, if we consider such retractors to be fixed, the claimed product is a manual and dynamic retractor and is solely for the process of entering the camera into the brain areas and its limited movements inside the brain to create a field of view through the video camera. However, in terms of prior knowledge, the following is presented in this area: In 2021, a patent from China No. CN112842422 discloses a tubular brain spatula series instrument for endoscopic surgery of brain hemorrhage. The instrument includes a tubular brain spatula and a suction device, the tubular brain spatula includes a hollow tube body and at least two blades, the suction device includes a suction handle and a suction head, and the blades are attracted through a device on the suction head. The suction structure is magnetic and in a closed state. The blades are in an opened state when separated from the suction head, and form a working space for packing hematoma blocks, and the working space communicates with the tube body. With the arrangement, the tubular brain spatula is closed using a suction device, the tubular brain spatula is placed through the stoma of the cortex into the hematoma cavity with a size smaller than the size of the tubular brain spatula, and the surgery is performed. It is performed in the expanded space formed by opening the blades, so that the technical problems that in the prior art, the working channel of the endoscope is limited in space and the operation is not performed well are solved.After the operation, the volume of the tubular brain spatula is reduced by the suction of the suction device, so that the tubular brain spatula can be easily removed from the hematoma cavity without causing iatrogenic collateral damage. In 2020, a Chinese patent application No. CN213883331 discloses a utility model relating to the technical field of medical instruments, particularly to a brain contraction device for surgery, suitable for brain contraction devices, and particularly to a brain contraction device with a coating. By using a polyacrylamide or polyvinyl pyrrolidone coating, the friction between the collector and the brain tissue is reduced, and the damage to the brain tissue caused by surgery is reduced. By using a silicon dioxide coating, the invasive condition of the collector can be visually observed through imaging equipment in an operation, and the difficulty of operation is reduced. According to the utility model, the biocompatibility of the collector is improved through the PTFE coating, and the safety of the operation is improved. In 2019, a patent application filed with the World Intellectual Property Organization under the number WO2019152523 discloses an expandable blade retractor and camera system. The system includes a camera, with the most distal optical element positioned at the proximal end of a lumen or surgical channel created by the retractor blades. The camera may be fixed to the retractor, either to the proximal end of a blade, or to a frame member. In 2016, a Chinese patent application number US20140005489 discloses a surgical device including a plurality of cameras integrated therein. The views of each of the plurality of cameras can be combined to provide a composite image. A surgical instrument including an integrated camera may be used in conjunction with a surgical device. The image produced by the camera integrated with the surgical instrument may be associated with a composite image produced by the plurality of cameras integrated in the surgical device. The position and orientation of the cameras and / or the surgical instrument may be tracked, and the surgical instrument may be displayed transparently on the composite image. A surgical device may be powered by a hydraulic system, thereby reducing electromagnetic interference with tracking devices. In 2014, another US patent application, US20140179998, discloses a puller comprising a handle portion, a blade portion connected to the handle portion. The blade portion is configured to be positioned in an internal region of a patient. The blade portion includes a first portion configured to manipulate tissue of the patient. In one embodiment, a locator element is configured to highlight the external region of the patient to indicate to the user the location of the first portion in the internal region. In one embodiment, a signal transmission medium is coupled to the blade portion and has a port. A camera unit further includes a lens and is configured to be connected to the port. When the camera unit is coupled to the port, the lens is configured to capture images of the internal region. Another 2010 US patent application, US20100010315, discloses surgical instruments that access delicate tissue, such as brain tissue or breast tissue, through a skin incision. A surgical device may include a hollow sleeve retractor extending along a longitudinal axis from a proximal retractor end to a distal retractor end and an introducer having a proximal introducer end and a distal introducer end. The proximal introducer end is configured to be mounted within the hollow sleeve and its distal end extends beyond the distal retractor end. The distal introducer end is tapered and may have a rounded profile in a plane parallel to the longitudinal axis to move delicate brain tissue transverse to the longitudinal axis without damaging the tissue. The distal end of the retractor may be smooth and conformable to support adjacent brain tissue while minimizing tissue disruption after the retractor is positioned at the surgical site and the introducer is removed from the retractor. In an invention from Iran in 2010, application number 389070532, the inventor is actually a combination of two very common tools in open surgery. The SSR is a type of Minnesota retractor that also performs the suction itself, and the surgeon no longer needs an Aid to hold the suction in the surgical site during surgery. The difference between the SSR and the regular Minnesota retractors is that its body is slightly thicker and this body contains hollow tube-like cavities, the beginning of which is at the front of the tool and the end of which, after joining together in the middle of the SSR, emerges as a single tube from the rear end of the SSR to be connected to the plastic tube connecting the suction motor (in a male and female form). Therefore, by using the SSR, in addition to removing tissues, the surgeon also cleans the site of any blood and saliva, which "the two mentioned cases improve the surgeon's vision and access during surgery and reduce his need for help." The main advantage of SSR is that it reduces the surgeon's need for an aid to suction the surgical site, which improves the surgeon's autonomy and concentration. In 2005, a US patent application number US20050267336 disclosed an adjustable surgical retractor and its use to improve the surgeon's ability to perform exploratory, diagnostic, or surgical procedures with the aid of closed-chest video on a patient. The surgical retractor has reciprocal blades that can be inserted into a surgical incision in a patient undergoing a surgical procedure and then separated to create an elongated access opening through which an instrument is inserted to perform exploratory, diagnostic, or surgical procedures. The blades used in the surgical retractor may be flexible or rigid and may be attached to a retractor. The blades are of a width, depth, and thickness to provide access to the internal cavity or subcutaneous area to provide greater degrees of freedom for the surgeon in placing instruments in the access opening. The use of the surgical retractor creates a roughly oval-shaped channel through which medical instruments can be inserted to perform surgery or other procedures. In 2005, a US patent application number US20050215866 disclosed a surgical traction positioning device for creating a surgical working field in a minimally invasive and flexible manner. In one embodiment, the device may include a frame and an arm connected to the frame. The arm may include a proximal end, a distal end having a distal end axis and a main axis, wherein the distal end axis is movable relative to the proximal end, whereby the distal end axis can intersect the main axis at an angle. The device may include at least one blade connected to the distal end of the arm, wherein the blade is fixedly rotatable about the main axis. The device may include at least two arms. In 2006, a World Intellectual Property Organization patent application WO2006102770 discloses a retractor with a video system having a blade portion removably secured thereto. In one embodiment, the video system is sealed within the retractor during use so that sterilization between uses is not required. The blade portion is either reusable, in which case it only needs to be sterilized between uses, or the blade portion is disposable, thereby further preventing inadvertent patient contamination. The video system can be removably secured to a variety of blade portions of varying shapes, thereby allowing the retractor to effectively function with its single video system as a straight or curved blade laryngoscope, anoscope, colposcope, and the like. In a product titled: Brain Retractor 1 - DB Surgical Tubular Retractor System for Neurosurgery (hopkinsmedicine.org), this tool is a tubular retractor for less invasive surgeries in brain surgery, which differs from the tool we are claiming due to the lack of a camera. A review study titled: The history of brain retractors throughout the development of neurological surgery in: Neurosurgical Focus Volume 36 Issue 4 (2014) Journals (thejns.org) reviewed retractors in brain surgery, but so far, it has not introduced a camera-equipped retractor with the features of being light, small, and wireless. Providing a solution to an existing technical problem along with an accurate, sufficient, and integrated description of the invention The claimed product is a camera-equipped brain retractor for examining the internal areas of the brain, especially the blind spots, which consists of a main camera-equipped retractor module (10) connected to a retractor handle interface (20) that enters different areas of the brain and is connected on the other side to a user body (30) connected to the handle (60) (Figure 1). It should be noted that the handle and user body section can be changed in direction and angle with each other for different postures desired by the surgeon by means of an adjustable joint (50) (positions A, B and C, Figure 2). In an embodiment of the inside of the user body, an air pump (40) is installed, the suction duct of which is connected to the air transfer duct (1-20) inside the retractor handle connector. In the cross section of the retractor handle connector, there is actually another empty duct through which the electrical connection cable of the camera in the main retractor module and the electrical power wire of the LED lights in front of the camera pass, and it is named as the electrical wiring duct (2-20). In an embodiment of the upper surface of the tool handle, a control panel (70) is provided with three controllers. This includes an on / off button (1-70), a video camera activation button (2-70), and an air pump adjustment screw (3-70). A control circuit and transmitter are also provided in the form of an electrical board assembly (80) within the handle, adjacent to which is a power battery (90), which is accessible via a lower sliding door (100) of the handle. In an embodiment of the electrical board assembly, the operation of the air pump is controlled and connected to the control board (70) and also has a transmitter that sends video images from the camera embedded in the main camera retractor module (10) to any available monitor adjacent to the patient's bed for the surgeon to view. In an embodiment of the main module of the camera retractor (10) (Fig. 4), it should be noted that this section has an outer region and an inner region. The outer region consists of two retractor jaws (a1-10 and b1-10) which are jointly connected to each other on one longitudinal side by a hinge joint of the two retractor jaws (2-10). This joint is connected to the retractor handle interface (20). Between the two jaws, a fixed camera (3-10) with LED lights (4-10) around the camera lens mounted on it, is fixed from the end of the camera to a retaining bracket connected to the hinge joint of the two jaws, and has no movement or displacement. It should be noted that both of the aforementioned jaws are groove-shaped, and when they are in the inactive position (D), they are groove-shaped and enclose the camera between them, and are curved on all surfaces and are also curved inward from the front (position D, front view). In the side view of the main camera-equipped retractor module (Figure 4), on the upper and lower sides of the camera holder, two branch ducts (6-10) are installed from the air transfer duct (1-20) connected to the air pump (40), each of which is connected to an inflatable rubber airbag on the upper (a7-10) and lower (b7-10) sides of the said holder. In another embodiment of how the retracting jaws open, it is worth noting that the hinge joint connecting these two jaws has a spring that retracts these two jaws. In fact, the air pump that fills the air bags under these jaws with air and when these air bags stop being compressed, the spring force of these two jaws returns them to their inactive state. Explanation of shapes, maps and diagrams Figure 1 - Side and back view of the brain video retractor Figure 2 - Side view of the positions of the brain video retractor handle Figure 3 - Side view of the active and inactive states of the main module of the brain video retractor Figure 4 - Front and side views of the active and inactive states of the main module of the brain video retractor A clear and precise statement of the advantages of the claimed invention over prior inventions. The advantages of the claimed design over previous inventions and products include: -Ease of use due to the flexibility of its handle and the product body to create the desired posture of the surgeon's wrist while working with it. -Controllable contraction of the peripheral areas of the camera, which is claimed to be feasible for the first time in this design, and does not require moving the entire retractor to move and position its camera (main advantage). - Being wireless and sending images wirelessly to the monitor, creating freedom of action for the surgeon Description of at least one implementation method for implementing the invention First, the surgeon places the product handle and its body at the desired angle relative to his position relative to the patient's head. Then, from the control panel, he presses the retractor's power button and automatically, the wireless connection with the display receiver is activated, and the desired device is ready to enter the surgeon's desired areas of the patient's brain. In this step, the surgeon first inserts the main camera-equipped retractor module into the area of ​​the patient's brain that is at risk, and if necessary, by turning the air pump adjustment screw and passing the page through an initial step, the air suction pump is turned on and three sizes of rubber airbags are inflated under the retractor jaws and the jaws are moved apart. The more the electric screw is turned, the more the airbags will be inflated, and thus, as the jaws open further from each other, the limited contraction around the camera increases, and the camera films its peripheral areas, which are illuminated by LED lights, and sends the images to the electronic board, from where they are sent wirelessly to the display receiver and displayed on the screen for the surgeon. When the surgeon wants to change the position of the camera, he first turns the electromechanical screw in the opposite direction so that the air pump discharges the air that was blown into the air sacs and shrinks them by suction and both jaws are brought closer to each other by the shock absorber built into the hinge joint connecting them. After the entire module is reduced in size, it can be moved to another location and limited contraction will begin again in the new location. And finally, in the same way, the jaws, once they are collected, are removed from the patient's brain. Explicit mention of the industrial application of the invention To identify and see all tissues of the body of living beings, especially for brain areas and its blind spots in neurosurgical operations in all hospital centers and surgical departments. Brief description of the invention The brain video retractor is capable of increasing the surgeon's field of view through limited and controllable contraction of the environment surrounding the camera in the field of contraction of the patient's brain areas in neurosurgery. It consists of a main camera-equipped retractor module that has two jaws that are connected to each other in a hinged joint and between them there are two inflatable air bags that are inflated with an air pump and move the two jaws apart. A camera that, along with LED lights, provides illumination in front of the camera, creating an optimal space for the surgeon's vision. These two jaws actually create a limited contraction around the camera's view, and after the surgeon's monitoring of the desired area, the air pump, which is installed by an electric screw on the control panel on the retractor handle, fills the air bags in three sizes. By turning in the opposite direction, the pump stops its activity and the excess air in the bag is released. The spring force between the two jaws helps the two jaws return to the inactive position and is removed from the desired area by the surgeon without damaging the brain areas and reinserted in another position that the surgeon determines.

Claims

Claims What is claimed: Claim 1) A two-jaw retractor that, in order to increase accuracy and reduce damage to normal parts of the brain, while creating limited contraction in a desired area, provides an optimal field of view for examination by opening the circumference of a camera surrounded by LED lights in a circular manner and generally installed between the two jaws of the retractor. These two jaws are expandable by two air bags installed on the lateral sides of the said camera, by air transfer channels, and cause the two jaws to move away around the hinge joint between them to achieve the aforementioned functional goal of causing limited contraction of normal parts of the brain to enable the surgeon to see the said area. It should be noted that the degree of opening of the two jaws can be controlled by an electric screw adjusting the air pump for the said bags.This product consists of the following components: - Two jaws that contract different areas of the brain - Two airbags that open the two jaws from each other - A hinge joint of the two jaws - A spring of the hinge joint of the two jaws to retract them - A camera - A bracket that holds the camera - LED lights - Air transmission branch duct - Air transmission duct - Retractor handle connector - Handle - Control panel - Power supply - User body - Air pump located in the user body - Electric screw for adjusting the air pump - An electrical circuit including a transmitter of images from the camera to a receiver on a display. Claim 2) According to claim 1, the camera is mounted between two hinged jaws that can be coupled to each other with a spring and have a grooved cross-section, and is connected from the back to a retaining bracket that is connected to the joint of the two jaws. Claim 3) According to claim 1, between the camera holding clamp and between both retractor jaws, two separate air bags, each of which is inflated by an air pump through an air transfer duct passing through the retractor handle connector that ends in a branch duct, cause the two jaws to move away (open), thus causing the areas around the camera to contract and stretch. Claim 4) According to claim 1, in order to control the opening of the two retractor jaws, an electronic screw for adjusting the air pump performance in three sizes is installed on the control panel located in the product handle.

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