Roller row fine granulator equipped with a spray system

Abstract

The combined machine for leveling and sowing small seeds, equipped with a spraying system (water alone or mixed with activators and starters), is capable of performing the operations of creating furrows and initial leveling, guiding seeds on the soil and burying seeds in the soil, and spraying the planting lines with a single tractor pass. This machine is capable of sowing a wide range of small seeds of agricultural plants (oil and fodder) and medicinal plants. The main components of this machine include the chassis, the leading leveling and furrowing roller, the seed and fertilizer hopper (including the seed and fertilizer tank, the distributor system and the fall pipes), the secondary leveling and stabilizing roller, the power transmission system and the spraying mechanism. The leading furrowing and leveling roller is of the toothed type and is stretched across the entire width of the machine and is located at the beginning of the chassis (in front of the machine). Its function is to initially level the ground and create seed furrows. After the seeds are placed on the soil surface, the stabilizing roller causes the seeds to go underground. After placing the seeds in the soil and stabilizing them, the spraying mechanism of the device, which consists of a solution tank and solution spraying pipes, sprays the planting lines.

Description

Description of the invention Title of the invention Row-roller granulator equipped with a foliar spraying system Technical background of the relevant invention This invention is specifically designed for planting machines in the agricultural field and is used for foliar spraying (water or various solutions) of small seeds of crops (oil and forage plants) and medicinal plants simultaneously with planting. Technical problem and stating the objectives of the invention Humidification of seeds (soaking seeds with water or stimulant and starter solutions) immediately after planting facilitates seed germination and reduces damage to seeds due to environmental factors or delays in irrigation. Therefore, the foliar spraying mechanism was designed and manufactured to easily be adjusted to the fine seed planting machine and simultaneously perform foliar spraying after planting. Also, the foliar spraying mechanism is designed so that it is not expensive and does not impose a lot of costs on the operators. A description of the state of the prior art and the history of developments related to the claimed invention. According to the studies conducted, no machine was found that could simultaneously perform foliar spraying and planting of small seeds. The following are some of the patents registered in the field of small seed planting machines. Seyyed Mohammad Mirjalili, in an invention titled "Design and Manufacture of Mechanical Seeder for Planting Fine Seeds" with number 79627, registered on 10 / 20 / 1391 at the Intellectual Property Center of the Judiciary, designed and manufactured a device for mechanically planting seedlings inside a planting tray for growing in greenhouses for the production of seedlings of vegetables and herbs. This device is based on a mechanical system and an air pump for planting seeds in such a way that a suction cup sucks the seeds and places them inside the planting tray. The planting tray is filled with deposited soil by the worker before reaching the production line, and after all the cells of the planting tray are filled, the worker directs it to the next stage, and the seeds are pressed into the soil by a seed pressing roller made of plastic and directed to the irrigation stage. Mehdi Jahangiri Saleh and Meysam Mazaheri built a combine for cultivating grass and vegetables (plowing, sowing, covering and rolling) for small plots of land. The driving force of the machine is provided by two-wheeled tractors with a power of 6 to 12 horsepower. This invention was registered under number 63028 on 24 / 8 / 1388 at the Intellectual Property Center of the Judiciary. Mehran Sanjari Kouchakleh registered an invention titled "A machine for planting fine seeds in agricultural land with the ability to control the amount of seed spraying" under number 108827 on 11 / 7 / 1401 at the Intellectual Property Center of the Judiciary. The presented system was intelligent and constantly adjusted the amount of seed spraying according to the density requested by the user and did not require advanced calculations or experience working with the device. Kazem Jafar Naimi and his colleagues registered an invention entitled "Distributor of perforated cups for a row-planting machine for sorghum seeds" with the number 109500 on 11 / 2 / 1402 at the Intellectual Property Center. They explained that the main part of the claimed row-planting machine for small-grain crops is a mechanical perforated cup distributor. This distributor is made of nickel in the form of a cup (incomplete cone) with an opening of approximately 13 centimeters. The free side of the cup is closed by a circular metal plate of the same size as the mouth of the cup (with a diameter of 13 centimeters). This plate is screwed to the cup with two thin metal straps and its edges are glued to seal it and prevent the small grains of sorghum from spilling out. A nut is welded to the center of this plate. This nut is attached to the shaft end of the drive wheel so that the bowl rotates as the drive wheel rotates. A hole was made in the center of the opposite surface (the bottom of the bowl) and a brass bushing was placed to connect to the plunger connected to the tank.By installing this claimed perforated cup distributor on the row-planting machine, along with making the necessary adjustments, 2.5 to 5 kilograms of fine sorghum seeds are sown in rows per hectare. Providing a solution to an existing technical problem along with an accurate, sufficient, and integrated description of the invention The components of this machine include the chassis, leveling roller and leading furrow opener (primary), seed and fertilizer tank, adjustable seed guide (seeder) and fertilizer unit, gearbox, secondary stabilizing and leveling roller, power transmission system, marker, band and spraying system. Chassis (Figure 1-1) on which the components of the machine and the solution tank of the spraying mechanism are mounted. The spraying mechanism of the machine consists of: 1- Solution storage tank (in which water can be poured alone or substances known as growth and germination stimulants or starters can be mixed with water) (Figure 6-1). 2- A central valve for adjusting the solution outlet flow rate, 3- Solution-to-seed transfer pipes (Figure 9-1), and 4- The valve for adjusting the solution outlet flow rate of the solution-to-seed transfer pipes. For every 1.5 m of machine width (with a row spacing of 20 cm), a 200-liter tank is required.As a result, for a machine with a working width of 3 meters and a row spacing of 20 centimeters, two 200-liter water storage tanks are required, which are capable of spraying a minimum of 1,000 square meters of land (if the valves are fully open) and a maximum of 4,000 square meters (if the valves are a quarter open) (it should be noted that the water output rate must be adjusted based on soil type, ambient temperature, seed size, etc.). For every 10 centimeters of working width, there is a solution spraying unit, a seed and fertilizer drop unit, which can be adjusted independently based on the row spacing (the row spacing can be set to 10, 20, 30, etc.). The machine marker (Figure 8-1) guides the machine user during planting by creating grooves on the soil surface. The machine's hitch (Figure 3-1) is designed to be able to be connected to the tractor by pulling (hauling) and riding (riding) The leading leveling and grooving roller (Figure 4-1) is a toothed type and is located in front of the machine and extends across the entire width of the machine. Its function is to perform initial leveling and groove creation.After creating the furrow and initial leveling of the ground, the guide unit (Figure 10-1) is responsible for guiding the seed and fertilizer into the furrows created. The guide unit includes the seed and fertilizer tank (Figure 5-1) and the distributor system, the hopper chassis and the fall pipes. The seed and fertilizer tank is made of metal and has a maximum capacity of 20 liters of seed and 50 liters of fertilizer. The tanks are also designed in such a way that the height of the seed and fertilizer in the tanks does not affect their amount of fallout. The seed and fertilizer are discharged from the tanks by rotating the distributors. The seed distributor is miniature and of the grooved type, which is special for small seeds, and the fine fertilizer distributor is of the diagonal grooved type, which has the ability to move vertically on a shaft and allows the amount of engagement of the distributors with the seed and fertilizer to be adjusted. This feature helps greatly in adjusting the amount of fallout based on the type of seed and fertilizer. The speed of the distributor shaft and consequently the amount of seed falling (from 1 to 50 kg / ha) is regulated by a mechanical cam-type gearbox (Figure 7-1). The force required to rotate the distributor shaft is provided by the device's stabilizing roller (Figure 2-1), wheels, chains and gearbox.The drop tubes are metal and extend vertically from the bottom of the distributor to near the soil surface and are responsible for transporting the seed and fertilizer (in the form of a strip). After the seed is placed on the soil surface, the secondary toothed stabilization and leveling roller (Figure 2-1) ensures coverage, stabilization of the seed, maximum contact with the soil, and final leveling of the ground. Explanation of shapes, maps and diagrams Figure 1) This figure shows the overall picture of the device with its components. Figure 2) This figure shows a side view of the device with components. A clear and precise statement of the advantages of the claimed invention over prior inventions. This device, while simultaneously performing planting and spraying, has the following advantages: 1- Ability to spray seeds (water alone or with growth stimulants) simultaneously with planting operations 2- Performing several different operations simultaneously 3- Accelerate seed germination and create a uniform green surface 4-Reducing evaporation and transpiration from the soil surface 5-Increase farm yields 6-Reducing depreciation of tractors and agricultural equipment 7-Reducing production costs (fuel costs + labor costs + lower price of the device compared to existing devices) 8- Less and easier service and maintenance required 9- Ability to manufacture in different sizes to suit the power of each type of tractor and the size of the farm 10-Reduction in soil compaction (due to less tractor traffic) Description of at least one implementation method for implementing the invention This machine consists of four main parts: a leveling and furrow opening convolution roller (primary), a seed guide unit (seeder) and fertilizer, a stabilizing and leveling roller, and a spraying system. The working width of the machine can be made from 1.5 to 6 meters according to the applicant's order, and it is connected to the tractor as a pull or mounted unit. Before starting to use the machine, lubricate and grease the power transmission system and grease-consuming articulated units. Ensure that the seed gearbox is filled with oil to the specified amount on the oil sight glass. Then, calibrate the machine according to the amount of seed to be sown (kilograms per hectare depending on the type of plant and planting density). First, the degree of opening of the fertilizer and seed tank valves is adjusted using the manual, then the amount of engagement of the distributors is adjusted, and finally the amount of seed can be adjusted by changing the gearbox ratio. In such a way that the closer the adjustment degree is to zero on the ruler, the amount of drop will tend to zero.Then, the tractor is brought closer to the attachment point of the spreader in reverse gear and, using a pin, the spreader of the machine is connected to the tractor spreader and the spreader base is released. This machine also has the ability to be mounted on the tractor. Before moving, the level of the machine is adjusted with the lever of the middle arm of the three-point linkage. Then, the water or solution tank must be filled. The amount of solution sprayed on each row is adjusted through the central valve and the valve of each unit. This machine should be used in fields where the bed is well prepared. Explicit mention of the industrial application of the invention This device performs foliar seeding simultaneously with mechanical planting. It can work in irrigated and dryland areas. In irrigated areas, depending on the soil characteristics (light or heavy soil texture) and the climate of the region, irrigation should be carried out with this device between 4 days and a maximum of 10 days after planting and foliar seeding. If used for planting in dryland areas, it is worth noting that if the device's foliar spraying potential is to be used, the following points should be considered: 1- Pay attention to the type of seed and the sensitivity of the plant in the germination stage 2- Make sure that there is a possibility of rainfall in the next few days 3- Pay attention to the climate of the region and the planting season.

Claims

Claim What is claimed: Claim 1) A machine for sowing small seeds of agricultural plants (oil and fodder plants) and medicinal plants is equipped with a sprayer that sows small seeds with high accuracy in the rate of fall evenly and at the appropriate depth, and its distinguishing feature is the presence of an adjustable spray mechanism, simultaneously with the planting operation, and consists of the following components: A metal chassis on which the components of the machine are mounted A one-piece leading convoluted roller that performs the work of furrow opening and initial leveling A seed and fertilizer tank with miniature distributor units that perform the work of dividing and dropping the seed A secondary stabilizing and leveling roller that stabilizes the placement of the seed at the appropriate depth A power transmission system including gears, chains and a power transmission shaft that transmits the necessary force to move the distributors from the secondary roller to the gearbox An adjustable cam gearbox for dropping different amounts of seeds in a specific area Solution holding tanks with a central valve that regulates the outlet flow rate A piping system (funnels) for transferring the solution with Secondary control valves for each unit Claim 2) According to claim number 1, the spraying mechanism is carried out by a series of solution transfer units using gravity, which directs the solution (water - pesticides - fertilizers - starters) at a specific adjustable flow rate from the tank to the side of the seeds in each planting row. Claim 3) According to claim 1, planting and stabilization of small seeds (at least one kilogram per hectare) is carried out by a two-roller system, which, by means of the rollers, places the seeds in rows, uniformly, and at a depth of one centimeter in the soil, and has the ability to adjust the distance between the planting rows in proportion to every 10 centimeters of working width.

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