System for the creation of ventilated crawl spaces or cavities or elevations composed of dome-shaped formwork supported on support tubes resting on a base or on a surface.

Description

M528138DESCRIPTION TITLE: SYSTEM FOR THE FORMATION OF VENTILATED CRAWL SPACES OR CAVITY SPACES OR ELEVATIONS MADE UP OF FORMWORK DOME-SHAPED SUPPORTED ON SUPPORT TUBES RESTING ON A BASE OR ON A PLANE. DESCRIPTION The present invention relates to a system suitable for containing a concrete casting for the creation of ventilated crawl spaces or cavities or elevations composed of dome-shaped formwork supported on support tubes resting on a bottom or on a flat surface, for example in the construction and renovation of civil buildings and industrial, collection and accumulation tanks rainwater, dispersion tanks, underground ducts, honeycomb foundations, cells refrigerated or freezing rooms, swimming pools, elevated platforms, platforms or sidewalks railways, squares and street furniture elements terraced. Nowadays it is known to make ventilated crawl spaces and high ventilated floors using formworks substantially shaped like a dome and made of plastic material, supported by some plastic tubes which, filled with M528138DESCRIPTION concrete, they constitute the floor or slab of the foundation slab. In known systems, the following is essentially provided: following type of installation: a base is prepared or a level with some lean concrete, then the pipes are laid, equipped with a locking foot at the base to prevent to release the concrete during the pouring phase jet; it is also known to associate the feet of the spacers to ensure the distance between the feet themselves and therefore the perpendicularity of the pipes. We then move on to placing the formwork shaped as dome above the pipes and then we proceed to the phase of casting of the slab with the concrete that first It will fill the tubes, and then form the slab. The slab will be of the desired thickness and reinforced with metal mesh according to the instructions of the designer. An example of such a realization is illustrated in the European patent N. EP1092816B1 which has for object a formwork for containing a casting of concrete, suitable for forming a plane of support for a floor, attic or similar of a building, called keep being made up of M528138DESCRIPTION stool-shaped elements, printed in plastic material, which are connected together by overlapping their respective edges lateral and to which they are associated inferiorly of the tubular elements which are arranged vertically on the ground so as to increase the height of the formwork. Which spacer between the lower ends of the tubular elements it is planned to place a additional stool-shaped elements. However, in creating ventilated crawl spaces and high ventilated floors are found in the structure of static problems in the non-case there is the possibility of tying the insole superior to a structure on the perimeter bracing or in the case of particulars loading conditions, which transmit stresses horizontal to vertical supports, or even in the case the height of the system is particularly high, all circumstances that make it necessary the presence of a constraint at the base of the support vertical, so as to reduce the free height of inflection. Another problem is represented by possible M528138DESCRIPTION differential settlements on which the element rests tubular system due to inadequate mechanical quality of the soil or due to forces stressing restricted areas of the structure. As a partial solution to these problems, it is possible to grout the armor of the columns, that is, fixing with glues column reinforcement chemicals in lean concrete underlying by drilling the lean concrete, filling the holes with chemical glue and insertion of the column reinforcement irons in the holes filled with chemical glue. However, this operation is very expensive and complicated to perform on site. The aim of this invention is to eliminate the above mentioned inconveniences, creating a system for the realization of ventilated crawl spaces, aerated floors and raised floors genre consisting of dome-shaped formwork which are connected to each other by means of overlapping of the respective lateral edges and to which elements are associated below tubulars that are arranged vertically on the ground, so as to increase its height compared to M528138DESCRIPTION to the ground itself, this system allowing obtaining a nascent structure in concrete, so-called lattice or lattice-like or framed, which presents optimal characteristics of static nature over time. In the context of the above task, one aim of the present invention is to obtain a system that appears to present implementation costs contents. Another aim is to achieve a system that allows it to be simple execution on site. Last but not least, the aim is to create a system that is quick and easy execution also by non-qualified personnel particularly trained. The task and purposes mentioned, as well as others which will appear more clearly later, are achieved by a training system of ventilated crawl spaces or cavities or raised areas (1) comprising formworks (2) shaped like a dome (3) supported on support tubes (8) which are characterized by the fact that the said crawl space is ventilated or cavity or elevation (1) includes first, M528138DESCRIPTION second and third means of interconnection (10,27,39), communicating with the lower extremity of said support tubes (8), suitable for forming a channeled seat (48), resting on a base or on plan (37), for armatures (49) and suitable for receive a concrete pour to determine a connecting beam between said pipes support (8). Additional features and benefits of the found will result more from the detailed description of a particular, but not exclusive, embodiment, illustrated in indicative and non-limiting title in the tables of attached drawings, in which: Fig. 1 illustrates the ventilated crawl space or gap or ridge in a three-quarter view side; Fig. 2 illustrates, in a partially sectioned, a part of the ventilated crawl space or cavity or raised area as per figure 1; Fig. 3 illustrates the invention referred to in previous figure in a side view; Fig. 4 illustrates the invention referred to in previous figure in a top view; M528138DESCRIPTION Fig. 5 is a view taken according to the plan of section VV of fig. 4; Fig. 6 illustrates a detail of the previous figure; Fig. 7 illustrates, in a lateral view and in an exploded view, the components shown in figure 2; Fig. 8 shows a three-quarter view lateral a lower semi-tunnel; Fig. 9 illustrates the lower semi-tunnel of referred to in the previous figure in a top view; Fig. 10 illustrates the lower semi-tunnel of referred to in the previous figure in a front view; Fig. 11 shows a three-quarter view lateral an upper semi-tunnel; Fig. 12 illustrates the upper semi-tunnel of referred to in the previous figure in a front view; Fig. 13 shows a three-quarter view a small foot without a diaphragm on the side; Fig. 14 illustrates the foot referred to in previous figure in a first side view with the diaphragm removed; Fig. 15 illustrates the foot and the diaphragm referred to in the previous figure in a second view lateral, rotated ninety degrees; M528138DESCRIPTION Fig. 16 illustrates the lateral view of the foot with associated diaphragm; Fig. 17 is a view taken according to the plan of section XVII-XVII of fig.16; Fig. 18 is a view taken according to the plan of section XVIII-XVIII of fig.16; Fig. 19 is a view similar to that of Figure 14 partially sectioned illustrating the positioning of the lower semi-tunnel without the upper semi-tunnel; Figures 20 to 23 and 25 to 28 illustrate the sequence for assembling the various components part of the ventilated crawl space or cavity or raised area referred to in figure 1; Fig. 24 is a section made according to a diametrical plane at the feet shown in figure 23. In the following examples of implementation, individual characteristics, reported in relation to specific examples, may actually be interchangeable with other different characteristics, existing in other examples of embodiment. It should also be noted that everything in the course of the patent obtaining procedure it turns out to be already known, it is understood not M528138DESCRIPTION be claimed and excised (disclaimer) from the claims. With reference to the figures above cite the system described below allows the construction of ventilated crawl spaces, floors ventilated spaces, cavities and elevations in general, indicated with the number 1, for example used in the construction and renovation of buildings civil and industrial, collection tanks and rainwater collection, tanks dispersion, underground ducts, foundations alveolar, cold or freezing cells, swimming pools, elevated platforms, docks or railway platforms, squares and elements of terraced street furniture. The ventilated crawl space or cavity or raised area 1 thus obtained comprises a plurality of formworks 2, disposable and dome-shaped, of known type and arranged in multiple rows according to a matrix and made with appropriate and desired materials, such as plastic, for example, which advantageously present a plan shape quadrilateral and dome-shaped. Such formworks 2 are generally made up of a M528138DESCRIPTION dome 3 which extends laterally and towards the low with four legs 4. The 4 legs form four lateral arches i whose edges are shaped like an open recess upwards, to allow mating for overlapping of 2 dome-shaped formworks contiguous. Each of the said legs 4 is lower end 5 combinable with edge 6 of the upper end 7 of a support tube 8 which is placed in a vertical position, such support tube 8, of the disposable type, having a preferably circular section. An example of such a realization is illustrated in European patent No. EP1092816B1. The ventilated crawl space or cavity or raised area 1 includes first means of interconnection, associable to the lower end 9 of the said support tubes 8 and communicating with them, consisting of 10 feet with a pedestal 11, preferably flat circular, from which a body 12 protrudes axially, hollow and preferably cylindrical, on which are obtain four first openings diametrically 13. M528138DESCRIPTION Advantageously the pedestal 11 is connected to the body 12 by means of prepared ribs 14 of strengthening that persists in adjacent areas said first openings 13. On the said pedestal 11 there are first appendices 15, of the quick-release type and therefore substantially cylindrical in shape with slits elastically compressible axial (such as illustrated in figure 13) or consisting of a pair of ribs parallel to each other (like illustrated in figure 2), which protrude in a area between two of said ribs 14 in correspondence of each of the said first openings 13. In correspondence with the portion of the said pedestal 11 inside said body 12 protrudes also second appendices 16, having forms cylindrical, which lie in correspondence of the same ray passing through the said first ones appendices 15. The upper end 17 of said body 12, of circular shape, it is made up of four distinct 18 circular crowns which are determined according to an arc of circumference defined by two M528138DESCRIPTION rays passing through the centerline of each of the said first openings 13 to determine, between each of the said individual circular crowns adjacent, a second opening 19 which lies in correspondence of a diametrical plane passing through correspondence of two of the said first appendices 15. From each of the said circular crowns 18 third appendages 20 protrude upwards. The external diameter of said circular crowns 18 is essentially equal to the internal diameter of said support tubes 8. It is thus possible to insert said pipes support 8 in correspondence with said crowns circular 18 until their ends rest lower 9 of said support tubes 8 in correspondence of said circular crowns 18 same. The first 13 openings are closable, in particular in correspondence with the side of those 10 pins that are not connected to any other feet 10, as in the case of the feet 10 placed on the external perimeter of the ventilated crawl space or cavity or rise 1, by means of special diaphragms 21 which are made up of a wall M528138DESCRIPTION front 22, arched and shaped like the above first openings 13, from the lower end of which a wing 23 protrudes perpendicularly, shaped like circular sector and suitable for positioning internally said body 12. On each wing 23 a first hole 24 is made positionable in correspondence with one of the said second appendices 16. At the front wall 22 of each diaphragm 21 protrudes externally, a starting from the upper end 25, a first prominence 26, substantially shaped parallelepiped, arranged axially and in a median area of ​​the said front wall 22. On the first ledge 26 can rest, once a 10 pin was installed and associated with it a diaphragm 21, the lower end 9 of a, above, support tube 8. Likewise, the first prominence 26 presents a pair of fins 50a,50b protruding from it transversally that go to be placed, once a 10 pin was installed and associated with it a diaphragm 21, below the second opening 19, so as to interact with the body 12 M528138DESCRIPTION of foot 10 and improve the grip of said diaphragm 21, as illustrated for example in figure 17. If a 10 foot is installed, it is found that rests on a base or plane 37. The ventilated crawl space or cavity or raised area 1 includes second means of interconnection, associable to each pin 10, which are consisting of lower semi-tunnels 27 presenting, in a cross-section, a substantially U-shaped conformation to define a first base 28 from which a pair of first basemen depart wings 29a,29b. The length of the said lower semi-tunnels 27 will be determined based on the size of the remaining components called ventilated crawl spaces 1. The width and height of the said semi-tunnels lower 27 is such as to allow their positioning in the interspace defined by the said first opening 13 so that said first base 28 rests in correspondence with said pedestal 11 and said first wings 29a,29b rest on said ones ribs 14. From first base 28 protrude M528138DESCRIPTION perpendicularly, near the ends laterals 30a,30b, of the fourth appendices 31a,31b, axially drilled, substantially shaped cylindrical and of desired height. A lower semi-tunnel 27 has been installed has that the fourth appendices 31a,31b house a of the said first appendices 15 in order to determine a precise and stable connection with the said foot 10. Always in the condition in which it is put into operation a lower semi tunnel 27 we have that there is a game 51 between pin 10 and the semi-tunnel lower 27 since said fourth appendices 31a,31b have an internal diameter greater than the external one of the said first appendices 15, as illustrated in figure 6. At the external lateral surface 32 of each of the said first wings 29a,29b are associated first attachment means placed near the edge longitudinal perimeter of said first wings 29a,29b and made up of mushrooms 33 T-shaped whose stem 34 protrudes perpendicularly from said lateral surface external 32 and whose head 35 is arranged approximately M528138DESCRIPTION parallel to said external lateral surface 32. The 33 mushrooms are in the desired number and are arranged in pairs along the same axis transversal to said lower semi-tunnel 27; each couple being placed at a desired distance on the other. Advantageously externally to each of said lower semi tunnels 27 are present, for part of their length, of the first ribs 36 of reinforcement arranged in parallel between them and transversely to the lower semi-tunnel 27 same. A lower semi-tunnel 27 has been installed has that it rests, as illustrated in figure 1 and 5, corresponding to a bottom or plane 37. Appropriately called first wings 29a,29b have, at one of said ends, terminals laterals 30a,30b, an inclined section 38 suitable for facilitate, as described below, the inclusion of third-party means of interconnection 39. The 35 head can also be slightly off-center, inclined in the direction of said sections M528138DESCRIPTION 38, compared to stem 34. The ventilated crawl space or cavity or raised area 1 includes third party means of interconnection, associable to each pin 10, consisting of of the upper 39 semi-tunnels presenting, in a cross-section, a conformation essentially U-shaped to define a second base or sky 40 from which a pair of seconds departs wings 41a,41b. The length of the said upper semi-tunnels is 40 will be determined based on the size of the remaining components called ventilated crawl spaces 1 and will be substantially equal to that of the said semi-tunnels lower 27. At the external lateral surface 42 of each of the said second wings 41a,41b are associated second means of attachment placed in proximity of the longitudinal perimeter edge of the said second ones wings 41a,41b, called second means of attachment being made up of L-shaped hooks 43 protruding beyond the longitudinal perimeter edge of the said second wings 41a,41b and whose extremity free 44 of each is turned and oriented towards the same between the two lateral ends 45a,45b M528138DESCRIPTION of each upper semi-tunnel 39. The 43 hooks are in the desired number and are arranged in pairs along the same axis transversal to said upper semi-tunnel 39; each couple being placed at a desired distance on the other. The distance between two of said pairs of hooks 43 adjacent to each other is such as to allow, during the pose, the overlap, in correspondence of the respective longitudinal perimeter edges of said first and second wings 29a,29b,41a,41b of said lower semi-tunnels 27 and upper semi-tunnels 39 so that said hooks 43 are positioned next to said mushrooms 33 with said ends free 44 placed below said heads 35. Following an axial displacement of the said semi tunnel superior 39 compared to said semi lower tunnel 27, as illustrated in figure 26, the movement and hooking of the said is achieved free end 44 of each hook 43 with a of said heads 35, to allow the coupling mutual and stable between said semi-tunnels upper and lower 39.27 between them. Advantageously externally to each of M528138DESCRIPTION said upper semi tunnels 39 are present, for part of their length, of the second 46 strengthening ribs arranged parallel to each other and transversely to the seed upper tunnel 39 itself. In correspondence with each of the aforementioned lateral ends 45a,45b are present and protrude, axially and externally to the said second base or sky 40, of the second highlights 47, substantially parallelepiped in shape and appropriate length. The second projections 47 have dimensions such that they can be positioned and housed in correspondence of said second openings 19 present in said feet 10 so that, placed in works called support tube 8, it rests with the its lower end 9 on said second projection same. The width and height of the said semi-tunnels superior 39 is such as to allow their positioning in the interspace defined by the said first opening 13 and that, once associated with said lower semi-tunnel 27, on said seconds protrusions 47 rests the lower end 9 of a M528138DESCRIPTION support tube 8. The first, second and third means of interconnection 10,27, 39, once placed in work and then associated with the lower end 9 of said support tubes 8 and said foot 10, they form a channeled seat 48 communicating between the various upper extremities 7 of said support tubes 8 to which the are associated 2 dome-shaped formworks constituting the ventilated crawl space or cavity or raised area 1. Each 48 channeled location is then developed inside each support tube 8, of each foot 10 and the lower semi-tunnel 27 and the semi tunnel top 39 once coupled between They. Within each channeled location 48 are positionable, in related numbers and dimensions to the size of the ventilated crawl space or cavity or rise 1, of the 49 needles, advantageously shaped like an L to define an armature, suitable for receive a concrete pour to determine a connecting beam between said seat ducted 48 and said support tubes 8. It is specified that the distance between the centres is M528138DESCRIPTION realize between two pins 10, contiguous to each other, to which are associated with the so-called lower semi-tunnels 27 and upper semi tunnels 39, is exactly equal at the distance between the centres of the overlying formwork 2 supported by the support tubes 8 whose lower extremities 9 are interconnected to the same feet 10. In other words the support tubes 8 are perfectly vertical. The assembly process of the said ventilated crawl space or cavity or raised area 1 is the following: initially they settle on the bottom or flat 37 feet 10; then between two feet adjacent to it is positioned a lower semi-tunnel 27 placing the lateral ends 30a,30b in correspondence of the first openings 13. Then place the 49 needles inside the feet 10 and inside the lower semi-tunnel 27. We then proceed to insert one of the lateral ends 45a,45b of the semi-tunnel upper 39 in correspondence with the first opening 13 taking care to tilt the seed upper tunnel 39 so that it rests on the lateral end at the tract M528138DESCRIPTION inclined 38 of the lower semi-tunnel 27, as illustrated in figure 24. Then push the upper semi-tunnel 39 inside foot 10 by rotating it until place it in correspondence with the one below lower semi tunnel 27. In this condition the hooks 43 are alongside the mushrooms 33: the next one axial displacement of the upper semi-tunnel 39 towards the not yet engaged pin 10 leads the mutual coupling between the hooks 43 and the mushrooms 33 as well as the positioning of the seconds 47 highlights corresponding to the second opening 19 obtained on the feet 10. The lower 27 and upper 39 semi-tunnels will be fixed together in a stable way and resistant to the pressures that will occur during the final pouring of the fluid concrete. The pipes are then positioned support 8 at the third appendages 20 of the 10 pins and then they associate with the upper ends 7 of the support tubes 8 for the 2 dome-shaped disposable formworks. Before inserting the support tubes 8 M528138DESCRIPTION corresponding to the third appendices 20 of the feet 10 we proceed to close the first ones 13 openings not affected by the seconds and thirds means of interconnection 27, 39 by means of the diaphragms 21. Diaphragms 21, where necessary, are inserted from above and from inside the feet 10 where are guided into the correct position of closing of the opening 13 thanks to the conformation of the front wall 22 arched of the same and in the presence of wing 23 shaped like a circular sector which is positioned inside the body 12, of the first relief 26 which features the pair of fins 50a,50b which they are placed, once a work has been put in place pin 10 and associated with it a diaphragm 21, below the second opening 19, and the second appendages 16 protruding from the pedestal 11 on which the first 24 holes obtained on called 23 of the diaphragm. The last phase involves the pouring of the concrete at the site canalised 48 thus obtained. For the casting you will have to use a M528138DESCRIPTION fluid concrete with suitable aggregates granulometry so that the channeled seats 48 are completely filled and consequently form below, resting on the bottom or floor 37, the connecting beams between the columns determined by the support tubes 8. It was thus found that device 1 has achieved the task and the objectives set having obtained a system for the realization of ventilated crawl spaces and aerated floors that allows you to obtain a support surface for a floor, attic or similar of a building, made up of stool-shaped elements that they are connected to each other by means of overlapping of the respective lateral edges and to which elements are associated below tubulars that are arranged vertically on the ground in order to increase the height of the formwork which presents, thanks to the channels in which pouring concrete, optimal characteristics of staticity over time. The system thus created has costs It is easy to implement and contains contents. under construction. M528138DESCRIPTION Naturally the finding is susceptible to numerous changes and variants, all falling within within the scope of the same inventive concept. Naturally the materials used as well as the dimensions constituting the individual components of the found may be more relevant depending on of specific needs. The features indicated as advantageous, appropriate or similar, may also be missing or be replaced by equivalents.

Claims

1. System for the formation of wasp nests ventilated or cavities or raised areas (1) including of the dome-shaped formworks (2) (3) supported on support tubes (8) which is characterised by the fact that said ventilated crawl space or cavity or rise (1) includes first, second and third means of interconnection (10,27,39), communicating with the lower end of said support tubes (8), suitable for forming a channeled seat (48), resting on a base or on a flat surface (37), for some armor (49) and suitable for receiving a casting of concrete to determine a beam of connection between said support tubes (8).

2. System as in claim 1 which is characterized by the fact that the said first means of interconnection, associable at the end lower (9) of said support tubes (8) and with they are communicating, they are made up of small legs (10) featuring a pedestal (11), with a plan substantially circular, from which protrudes axially a body (12), hollow and substantially cylindrical, on which diametrically opposed parts are obtained four first openings (13), called pedestal

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