SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTION SYSTEM

Description

Description of a patent for an invention having for Title: “Solar Energy Harvesting Plant” in the name of: ONE-G SRL DESCRIPTION The present invention relates to a system of solar energy harvesting including a tracker dual-axis solar capable of maintaining the devices solar energy collection correctly oriented towards the sun, in particular refers to a collection plant solar energy through photovoltaic panels. With solar energy harvesting devices you they mean photovoltaic panels, thermal panels or solar concentrators. Solar trackers typically have two degrees of freedom thanks to which they align perfectly in time a real perpendicular line that goes from the panels photovoltaic solar rays. Large scale solar energy harvesting plants dimensions normally require structures of sturdy and therefore bulky supports. Furthermore, if these implants are placed on a agricultural area, this area cannot be worked unless the solar energy harvesting devices are positioned raised leaving the possibility of exploiting these land for its original purposes, namely agricultural crops or for grazing animals. Do not forget that large-scale plants they provide high resistance to winds with risk of breakage and energy collection interruption. The purpose of this invention is to provide a solar energy collection system that it is simple in its construction and in its operation. Another aim is to provide a system that be light. Another aim is to provide a system which allows for the complete working of the underlying soil. Another aim is to provide a system that be modular. In accordance with the present invention, such objects and others are reached by a collection plant of solar energy comprising: a support structure made up of support poles fixed to the ground; a network of tie rods that keep said support poles in position; a plurality of solar energy harvesting devices; a solar powered movement system of said plurality of solar energy harvesting devices; characterized by the the fact that said support structure comprises elements linear structures that connect said support poles; said solar energy harvesting devices are fixed in movable manner on said linear structural elements. Further features of the invention are described in dependent claims. The advantages of this solution compared to other solutions of the known art are different. The solar energy collection system thus obtained It has a simple and light support structure. They use thin ropes to support the panels and the relative tracker, the support structure offers a reduced wind resistance. The movement of the panels in both directions is very simple, it is effective and with one or two control motors it is possible to adjust the panels of an entire row or system column. With the present invention, which uses poles of support having a minimum height of 4-5 meters, it is possible install large systems on agricultural surfaces while maintaining the land usable for its primary purpose of crop cultivation. This is achieved by positioning the solar panels at a a certain height from the ground, but without using structures critical or complex and / or bulky loads. The solution uses very thin poles, held in position by tie rods, leaving as much space as possible to crops. Even the supports of photovoltaic panels, such as the trackers, are small in size and are made with open structures that let the sun pass through underlying crops. The supporting structure, made up of uprights and tie rods, does not require concrete foundation works armed, which have a significant impact on the ground below and are difficult to remove at the end of their operational life of the plant. The underlying crops are not excessively disturbed by the supporting structure. The features and advantages of this invention will be evident from the following description detailed description of its practical embodiment, illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the attached drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a system solar energy harvesting, in accordance with this invention; Figure 2 shows schematically a tracker of a solar energy collection system, in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 shows schematically a tracker of a solar energy collection system, in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 shows schematically a device for adjust the tilt of a collection device of solar energy, according to a first form of embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 shows schematically a device for adjust the tilt of a collection device of solar energy, according to a second form of embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 shows a schematic detail of the pulleys of a follower of a collection plant of solar energy, according to a second form of embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 shows a schematic detail of the lower fixing hinges of a device solar energy harvesting, in accordance with this invention; Figure 8 shows a schematic detail of the upper fastening hinges of a device solar energy harvesting, in accordance with this invention; Figure 9 shows a schematic detail for adjust the tilt of a collection device of solar energy, according to a first form of embodiment of the present invention. Referring to the attached figures, a 10 plant of solar energy harvesting, in accordance with this invention, comprises a support structure 11 made up of 12 vertical support poles aligned with each other preferably held in place by a network of guy wires or rigid rods 13, but the support poles 12 can also be rigidly fixed to the ground without tie rods. The 12 support poles are of a height such that allow the passage of people and vehicles, underneath they, and allow agricultural cultivation. The support poles 12 and the tie rods 13 are fixed in the ground preferably by means of buried screw piles or beaten, to avoid heavy foundation works. The 12 support poles are fixed to the buried poles preferably by means of a hinge or pin placed at the their base. This solution allows the poles to be lifted from the ground rotating them with extreme ease on the pins at the base of the poles through a simple system of levers. The 12 support poles are connected to each other by means of a network of linear structural elements 14. The elements 14 linear structural elements depending on the size of the 10 plant and the needs can be formed by ropes or cables or steel bars or hollow tubes, taken individually or even a mixture of them, such as a mixture of taut ropes and rigid rods. The 14 linear structural elements together with the piles of support 12 and the tie rods 13 form a tensile structure, and in particular the 14 elements intersect each other at 90° and they form intersections 15. At elements 14, and in particular at intersections 15 16 energy collection devices will be fixed solar including related tracking systems solar, as better specified below. devices 16 will then be arranged along the elements 14 to form rows and columns aligned with each other. The 12 support poles have a height greater than 4 m, more preferably greater than 5m. Consequently the 16 solar energy harvesting devices which are applied above the 14 elements are positioned above the 4-5 m given by the height of the support poles 12. At the intersections 15 of the elements 14 some are fixed 20 sleeves preferably T-shaped. The short section of the T is fixed to the rope 14 for example by screws. Each of the 20 sleeves, four in number, are fixed at a predetermined and equal distance from each other, from the center of the intersection 15 of the two elements 14 that intersect each other They. On the long section of the T of the sleeve 20, which is facing upwards, a roller 21 is fixed which can be rotated around to the vertical axis. A circular guide 25 having a U-shaped cross-section, with the the open part of the U facing inwards is placed horizontally so that the rollers 21 fit into the open part of the U of the circular guide 25. The guide circular 25 can therefore rotate by means of the rollers 21, even remaining locked to them thanks to the U-profile. The open part of the U of the circular guide 25 shape then a track for the rollers 21. The rollers 21 are fixed on the elements 14 and the circular guide 25 is fixed, although it can rotate, at the 21 rollers, thanks to the U-profile. For the movement of the circular guide 25 a cable 26 is passed over the outer edge of the guide 25 and completes at least one full rotation. Preferably the edge outside of the guide 25 includes a guide seat for the cable passage 26. Cable 26 is moved by two motors (not shown) placed at the ends of the elements 14. A motor moves the cable 26 in one direction and the other motor moves cable 26 in the opposite direction so that the guide can make 25 a clockwise and counterclockwise movement. Alternatively you can use a motor from a side and a counterweight on the other side of the cable 26. The cable 26 can then rotate all the guides 25 placed on a row or column of the system synchronously. As an alternative to cable 26 it is possible to motorize at least one roller 21 of each guide 25 by operating individually each guide 25. One side of a circular guide 25 is fixed to the circular guide 25. photovoltaic panel 30 by means of two hinges 31. The other side of the photovoltaic panel 30 is fixed to a device 32 for adjusting the inclination of the same. Device 32 includes a double pantograph consisting of a first horizontal rod 40 fixed to the guide circular 25, in position opposite to the two hinges 31, through two joints 41. From the ends of the first 40 rod a second one starts 42 and a third 43 rod, fixed to the first rod 40 by means of the 41 joints, which cross each other. The joints 41 are in particular devices that they allow a particular movement of the rods. The rod 40 can rotate around a parallel axis at auction 40. Auction 43, and likewise auction 42, can rotate around an axis perpendicular to rod 40. The 41 joints are for example made with a block parallelepiped shape with two pins placed on the same flat but perpendicular to each other, that is, coming out of four faces of the parallelepiped. At the ends of the two rods 42 and 43 are fixed by means of pins 46 a fourth 47 and a fifth 48 rod which they intersect with each other. The extremes of the fourth 47 and fifth 48 rods are fixed to one side of panel 30, opposite to the one where the two hinges 31 are fixed. The fixing to the panel 30 It is made using two 50 joints. The joints 50 are in particular devices that they allow a particular movement of the rods. Rod 48, and likewise rod 47, can rotate around an axis parallel to the top side of the panel 30, and at the same time can rotate around an axis perpendicular to the previous one. The 50 joints are for example made with a block parallelepiped shape with two pins placed on the same flat but perpendicular to each other, that is, coming out of four faces of the parallelepiped. The movement of the device 32 can take place with different modalities. A pulley 51 is fixed to the center of the intersection 15. The pulley 51 receives a first cable 52 which performs at least one whole circle around it. Cable 52 is moved by two motors (not shown) placed at the ends of the elements 14. A motor moves the cable 52 in one direction and the other motor moves it in the other direction opposite so as to be able to make the pulley 51 perform a clockwise and counterclockwise movement. In alternatively you can use a motor on one side and a counterweight on the other side of the cable 52. The pulley 51 includes another pulley 53 fixed coaxially and stably to pulley 51. In a first embodiment, at the center of the first rod 40 is placed a pair of pulleys 54 and at the ends of the two rods 42 and 43, where the fourth 47 and fifth 48 auction, and in particular where they are once the pins 46 are placed, a screw without a screw is placed horizontally end 55 which can be screwed into the seats provided in the pins 46. The pins 46 are for example made by means of a parallelepiped-shaped block with two lateral pins that they join the rods 42 and 47 and the corresponding 43 and 48. Perpendicular to the two lateral pins the parallelepiped has a through and threaded hole where the worm screw 55 can screw in. At the center of the worm screw 55 is fixed firmly a 56 roll. Pulleys 51 and 53 rotate around an axis vertical, the pulleys 54 rotate around an axis horizontal perpendicular to the axis of pulleys 51 and 53. Roller 56 rotates around an axis parallel to the axis of the pulleys 54. A double wire 57 is wrapped and can rotate around the pulley 53, passes into the pair of pulleys 54 and wraps the roller 56, with one thread on one side and one on the other of roller 56. By moving the cable 52, in one direction or the other, it does rotate the pulley 51 and consequently the pulley 53. The movement of the wire 57 sends the movement of the pulley 53 to the pair of pulleys 54, which rotate in one direction or in the opposite direction roller 56. Roller 56 rotates the screw without end 55 and consequently brings closer or makes move the pins 46 away from each other, modifying the geometry of the pantograph. In this way it is possible to lift or lower the side of the panel 30, while the other side of the Panel 30 can follow the movement thanks to the hinges 31. In this movement the joints 41 and 50 follow a in turn the movement of the panel 30 and of consequence of auctions 42, 43, 47 and 48. The cable 52 can then rotate all the pulleys 51 placed on a row or column of the system in such a way synchronous. As an alternative to cable 52 it is possible to motorise the pulley 51 and operate each panel 30 individually. In a second embodiment there is the pulley 51 which is fixed in the intersection 15, to which is superimposed and fixed to it is the pulley 53. In the center of the first rod 40 there is a pulley 60 with parallel axis to the rod 40 and a pulley 61 with perpendicular axis at auction 40. To both pins 46, which connect the rods 42 and 43 at least one pulley 62 is fixed to rods 47 and 48. A wire 63 is wrapped around the pulley 53, passes into the pulley 60 and then into the pulley 61 which sends it back laterally with respect to the pulley 60 until reaching the pulleys 62. The wire 63 is wrapped one or more times in the pulleys 62. The end of wire 63 is fixed to one of the crossing points 46. ​​The pulleys 62 can be considered pulleys that they form a hoist. The cable 52 passes through the pulley 51 and its movement rotates the pulley 53. The wire 63 is sent from pulleys 60 and 61 to pulleys 62. The movement of the wire 63 brings it closer or space the pulleys 62 depending on the direction in which pulley 51 is rotated. As a result it raises or lower the side of the panel 30, while the other side of the panel 30 supports movement thanks to the hinges 31. In this movement the joints 41 and 50 follow a in turn the movement of the panel 30 and of consequence of auctions 42, 43, 47 and 48. The cable 52 can then rotate all the pulleys 51 placed on a row or column of the system in such a way synchronous. As an alternative to cable 52 it is possible to motorise the pulley 51 and operate each panel 30 individually. In a further alternative, it is to raise and lower the panel 30 by means of a linear actuator fixed on one side on the guide 25, in the opposite position to the hinges 31 which operates a secured vertical pin (or worm screw) to the top side of panel 30. By operating the cable 26 the panels 30 are moved, orienting them from east to west to be able to follow the sun in the his cardinal position. By operating the cable 52 the panels 30 are tilted in order to be able to chase the sun as it rises. In an example of implementation the collection system 10 of solar energy measures 120 m x 120 m with 40 rows and 40 columns for a total of 1600 photovoltaic panels 30. 12 5m high support poles were used with a diameter of 12 cm, and 13 steel bars with a diameter of 4 cm. The 25 circular guides have a diameter of 2 m. The 30 photovoltaic panels are 700 W and have a size 2.4m x 1.3m. Rods 40, 42, 43, 47 and 48 are for example a U-profile open at the intersection points of rods 42 and 43 and auctions 47 and 48. The system also includes a control system which operates cables 26 and 52 to maintain the panels constantly oriented towards the sun so that the sun is perpendicular to the absorbing surface of the panels, with known methods derived from celestial predictions using a algorithm based on date and time and geographic coordinates of installation. When the position of the sun is such that cause shading of the panels placed in the rows rear the control system regulates the position of the panels so as to eliminate shadows that can cause significant drops in energy production. The control system is also able to: quickly reposition panels into one position especially in case of need (hail, excessive wind, etc.), keep the system moving to avoid the ice formation, detect any anomalies in the movement organs, detect the detachment of the panels, carry out environmental measurements of various kinds.

Claims

1. Solar energy harvesting system (10) comprising: a support structure (11) made up of support poles (12) fixed to the ground; a network of tie rods (13) which keep said support poles (12) in position; a plurality of solar energy harvesting devices (16, 30); a solar movement system (25, 32) of said plurality of solar energy harvesting devices (16, 30); characterised in that said support structure (1 1) comprises linear structural elements (14) which connect said support poles (12); said solar energy harvesting devices (16, 30) are movably fixed on said linear structural elements (14).

2. System according to claim 1 characterised in that said linear structural elements (14) intersect with each other to form intersections (15).

3. System according to claim 1 characterised in that said solar movement system (25, 32) comprises: T-shaped sleeves (20) applicable to said linear structural elements (14); a roller (21) fixable on each of said T-shaped sleeves (20); a circular guide (25) having a U-shaped section facing inwards of said circular guide (25) to form a guide for said rollers (21); said circular guide (25) being positioned so that said rollers (21) rotate inside said guide (25).

4. System according to claim 3 characterised by the fact that it comprises a first cable (26) for controlling the rotation of said circular guide (25) wrapped externally around said circular guide (25).

5. System according to claim 3 characterised in that said energy collection device (30) is fixed on a first side by means of two hinges (31) to said circular guide (25).

6. System according to claim 3 characterised in that said energy collection device (30) is fixed on a second side to a system (32) for moving the inclination of said energy collection device (30).

7. System according to claim 3 characterised in that said first cable (26) is moved by at least one motor placed at one end of said linear structural elements (14).

8. System according to claim 3 characterised in that said system (32) for moving the inclination of said energy collection device (30) comprises a second cable (52) which wraps around a first pulley (51); a second pulley (53) fixed coaxially and stably to said first pulley (51); a worm screw (55) fixed to a roller (56); a movement structure (32) of said energy collection device (30); a third cable (57) which connects said second pulley (53) to said roller (56).

9. System according to claim 3 characterised in that said system (32) for moving the inclination of said energy collection device (30) comprises a second cable (52) which wraps a first pulley (51); a second pulley (53) fixed coaxially and stably to said first pulley (51); a hoist (62); a structure (32) for moving said energy collection device (30); a fourth cable (63) which connects said second pulley (53) to said hoist (62).

10. System according to claim 8 or 9 characterised in that said second cable (52) is moved by at least one motor placed at one end of said linear structural elements (14).