PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN EXTRACT CONTAINING GALLIC ACID, AN AQUEOUS CONCENTRATE CONTAINING GALLIC ACID, AS WELL AS FOOD AND FOOD SUPPLEMENT CONTAINING THE AQUEOUS CONCENTRATE

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for producing an extract containing gallic acid, comprising the extraction treatment of plants or plant components containing tannins with water or an aqueous system in the presence of the enzyme tannase to obtain a product mixture containing gallic acid, and a process for producing an extract containing gallic acid, comprising the extraction treatment of plants or plant components containing tannins with a mixture containing a polar organic solvent and water to obtain a product mixture containing polyphenols, separating the plants or plant components from the product mixture to obtain a liquid extract, removing the polar organic solvent from the liquid extract, and treating the aqueous extract with the enzyme tannase to obtain an aqueous system containing gallic acid.Furthermore, the invention relates to an aqueous concentrate containing gallic acid, characterized by a dry matter content in the range of 5 to 80 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous concentrate. Finally, the invention relates to a food or food supplement containing the aqueous concentrate.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a process for producing an extract containing gallic acid, particularly in high concentrations. The invention further relates to an aqueous concentrate containing gallic acid. It also relates to food products and food supplements containing the aqueous concentrate according to the invention.

[0002] Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is the acid component of gallotannins, which are hydrolyzable tannins. They are found, for example, in oak bark and gallnuts. Gallic acid is used in the production of antioxidants, sunscreens, and dyes. Furthermore, it has been postulated that, due to its hypoglycemic properties, gallic acid may help prevent adverse health effects in obese individuals who consume gallic acid-rich foods. Gallic acid consumption is said to be associated with demonstrable DNA protection, reduced oxidation of DNA bases, and reduced inflammatory markers (see T. Setayesh et al., "Gallic acid, a common dietary phenolic protects against high-fat diet-induced DNA damage," in European Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 58, pp. 2315–26, 2019).

[0003] According to EP 1 942 919 B1, a composition containing a polyphenol extract from grapes, which may contain 400 to 1500 ppm gallic acid, is said to be suitable for the treatment of metabolic syndrome or prehypertension.

[0004] According to EP 2 095 718 B1, a tea beverage derived from a tea extract in which the weight ratio of gallic acid to non-polymeric catechins must not exceed 0.3 should be characterized by reduced bitterness and a reduced sour taste.

[0005] EP 2 143 344 B1 describes a beverage composition containing 0.5 to 25.0 wt% non-polymeric catechins, a carbohydrate, and a hydroxycarboxylic acid. In these compositions, the gallic acid content must be less than 0.6 wt%.

[0006] Gallic acid is currently often obtained using aqueous extraction methods. However, these methods regularly result in low yields of gallic acid and are material-, equipment-, and cost-intensive.

[0007] The present invention was therefore based on the objective of making available a process for obtaining gallic acid which is not burdened with the disadvantages of the prior art and which in particular makes gallic acid reliably available in good yields in an efficient manner.

[0008] Accordingly, a process for producing an extract containing gallic acid was found (also called the first embodiment of the process according to the invention), comprising the steps a) Provision of, in particular, crushed and / or, in particular, dried plants or plant parts containing tannins, in particular tannic acid; b) Provision of the enzyme tannase (IUB 3.1.1.20); c) Provision of at least one polar organic solvent; d) Optionally, crushing or further crushing the plants or plant parts according to step a); and e) Extractive treatment of the plants or plant parts obtained according to step a) and / or d), in particular, crushed plants or plant parts, with water or an aqueous system in the presence of the enzyme tannase (IUB 3.1.1.20) to obtain a product mixture containing gallic acid.

[0009] The plants or plant parts used, especially when crushed and / or dried, can include leaves, wood, bark, fruits, seeds and / or roots, preferably the fruits of legumes, e.g. beans and peas; nuts, e.g. walnuts ( Royal walnut ); Grain; Trees, e.g. oaks ( Oak ), preferably the fruit cups and / or fruits ( Walloon ), especially preferred by oak species growing in Asia Minor and / or the southern Balkans, and / or gallnuts ( Galla ), especially from Quercus infectoria, Quercus petraea or Oak tree, Spruce trees ( Spruce ), the carob tree (also called the goat's horn tree) ( Carob pods ), the Divi-Divi tree ( Caesalpinia coriaria ), the persimmon tree ( Persimmon ), serviceberry ( Rowan ), acacias ( Acacias ), e.g. Gerber acacia (also called catechu acacia) ( Senegal catechu ), pasture ( Willow ), myrobalan tree, mangrove tree ( Rhizophora), Mango tree (Mangifera indica), especially bark, fruit pulp and / or kernel of the mango tree, hemlock firs (also called hemlock fir) ( Hemlock ), the Urunday tree ( Astronium balansae ), birches ( Birch ), Elaeocarpus, especially its bark, tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), chestnuts ( Chestnut ), especially the fruits and leaves of the chestnut, the betel nut palm ( Areca catechu ), the cashew tree ( Western cashew ) and / or quebracho ( Aspidosperma quebrachoblanco ); Mimosas ( Mimosa ); sumac family (Rhus), preferably spice sumac (Rhus leather goods ), especially its fruits; hops ( Hops ); Fruit, e.g. apples ( Evil ), pears (Pyrus), strawberries ( Strawberries ), raspberries ( Rubus idaeus ), blackberries (Rubus sect. Rubus ), cranberries ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea ), bananas (Musa), grapes ( Wine grapevine ), peaches ( Peach tree ), quince ( Quince ) and / or plums ( Prunus domestica ); Coffee beans (e.g. Coffea arabica or Coffea canephora ); Tea plants ( Camellia sinensis) such as green tea (e.g. Japanese, Chinese and / or Indian teas), especially the leaves of Sencha green tea, black tea, especially the leaves of Darjeeling, white tea, especially the leaves of China Oolong white tea, and / or rooibos ( Aspalathus linearis ); cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), preferably their buds and / or leaves, of common yarrow ( Yarrow ); the grape black candle ( Actaea racemosa ); the bearberry ( Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ); Tarragon ( Artemisia dracunculus ), Bloodroot ( Potentilla erecta); and / or peat. Furthermore, the following plants or plant parts, especially crushed and / or dried ones, can be used: Chebulic myrobalans, mango tree (Mangifera indica), especially the bark, pulp and pit, Elaecoarpus ganitrus (especially the bark), long-capsule jute (Corchorus olitorius), red foxtail (Amaranthus cruentus), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), red chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla.), Greek mountain tea (Sideritis raseri), witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), especially the bark, Aleppo oak, dyer's oak (Quercus infectoria), currants (Vitis vinifera apyrena), chicory coffee (Cichorium intybus), carob powder (Ceratonia siliqua), green oats (Avena sativa). L.), Elm bark (Ulmus), aronia berry pomace (Aronia melanocarpa), linden bark (Tilia), elder bark (Sambucus nigra), lapacho bark (Tabebuia impetiginosa), chicory (Cichorium intybus), amla (Phyllanthus emblica), Chinese blackberry (Rubus suavissimus), pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), sage (Salvia), oregano (Origanum vulgare), cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus), and date palm (Phoenix). From common yarrow (. Yarrow ), the grape black candle ( Actaea racemosa ), the Bearberry ( Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ), Tarragon ( Artemisia dracunculus ) and tormentil ( Potentilla erecta ) the entire plant is preferably used for extraction. In the case of the betel nut palm ( Areca catechu ) and the cashew tree ( Western cashew ) their seeds are preferably used for extraction.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the inventive method according to the first embodiment further comprises (step f)) separating the, in particular comminuted, plants or plant components from the product mixture obtained according to step e), in particular following step e), preferably with the aid of a sieve.

[0011] Additionally or alternatively, the inventive process according to the first embodiment may also (step g)) include the, in particular evaporative, concentration of the product mixture containing gallic acid obtained according to step e) or f), in particular following step e) or f) and / or before step h).

[0012] The inventive process according to the first embodiment can further comprise, additionally or alternatively (step h)), treating the product mixture according to step e) or f) with the at least one polar organic solvent, in particular ethanol and / or methanol, and / or treating the product mixture according to step e) or f) or g) with heat. Treatment with the polar organic solvent, in particular ethanol, or, more specifically, treatment with heat, regularly deactivates the enzyme tannase. This is achieved particularly by treating the product mixture with the at least one polar organic solvent, in particular ethanol, in step h) at temperatures in the range of 40 to 80 °C or above 45 to 80 °C, preferably 40 to 75 °C or 48 to 75 °C, and particularly preferably 50 to 70 °C.To further optimize process step h), it can be provided that, additionally or alternatively, in particular, at least one polar organic solvent, especially ethanol, is added in this step in an amount in the range of 15 to 70% by weight, preferably in the range of 20 to 65% by weight, particularly preferably in the range of 25 to 60%, and especially in the range of 40 to 60% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the polar organic solvent and the water or aqueous system. With step h), in particular the treatment with a polar solvent, especially ethanol, it is regularly possible both to deactivate the enzyme and to denature and precipitate phytoproteins and / or polysaccharides.

[0013] In a suitable embodiment, steps f) and g) are performed consecutively. Alternatively, steps f) and h) can be combined, omitting step g), or steps g) and h) can be combined, omitting step f). In a particularly preferred embodiment, process steps f), g), and h) follow process step e), with the sequence f) / g) / h) being preferred.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the inventive method according to the first embodiment, the treated product mixture according to step h) is filtered, for example, with a filter having a mesh size in the range of 0.10 to 1.0 µm. In this way, a clear extract is generally obtained.

[0015] In many cases it has also proven useful to subsequently remove the polar organic solvent added in step h) from the treated product mixture according to step h) or the filtered product mixture according to step i) (step j).

[0016] The extraction treatment according to step e) is preferably carried out at temperatures in the range of 20 to 45 °C or 30 to 43 °C, with temperatures in the range of 35 to 40 °C, and in particular in the range of 36 to 38 °C, being especially preferred.

[0017] The problem underlying the invention is further solved by a process for producing an extract containing gallic acid (also called a second embodiment of the process according to the invention), comprising the steps 1) Provision of, in particular crushed and / or, in particular, dried, plants or plant parts containing tannins, in particular tannic acid, 2) Provision of the enzyme tannase (IUB 3.1.1.20), 3) Provision of at least one polar organic solvent, in particular ethanol, 4) Optionally crushing or...5) further comminution of the plants or plant parts according to step 1), 5) extraction treatment of the plants or plant parts, in particular dried and / or comminuted, according to step 1) and / or 4), in particular with a mixture containing the polar organic solvent, in particular ethanol, and water, to obtain a product mixture containing polyphenols, 6) separation of the plants or plant parts, in particular comminuted, from the product mixture according to step 5) to obtain a liquid extract containing the polyphenols, in particular by means of a sieve, 7) removal of the polar organic solvent, in particular the ethanol, from the liquid extract according to step 6) to obtain an aqueous extract containing the polyphenols, 8) treatment of the aqueous extract according to step 7) with the enzyme tannase (IUB 3.1.1.20) to obtain an aqueous system containing gallic acid.

[0018] The problem underlying the invention is particularly well solved with the method according to the second embodiment by carrying out the extraction treatment according to step 5) at temperatures in the range of 50 to 70 °C, in particular in the range of 55 to 65 °C.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the second embodiment of the method according to the invention is also characterized by the fact that in step 5) ethanol is added in an amount in the range of 60 to 90 percent by weight, preferably in the range of 70 to 85 percent by weight, in each case based on the total weight of ethanol and water.

[0020] In the second embodiment of the process according to the invention, the treatment of the aqueous extract according to step 8) with the enzyme tannase is preferably carried out at temperatures in the range of 20 to 45 °C, preferably 30 to 43 °C, particularly preferably 35 to 40 °C, especially in the range of 36 to 38 °C.

[0021] Surprisingly, it has been shown that a particularly efficient process can also be achieved by immobilizing the plants or plant components, especially ground or preferably crushed, in step e) according to the first embodiment or step 5) according to the second embodiment, in particular by immobilizing them in a sieve carrier.

[0022] The extractive treatment according to step e) in the first implementation variant or step 5) in the second implementation variant preferably includes or represents a percolation process.

[0023] Particularly high yields or concentrations of gallic acid can also be achieved with the processes according to the invention by adjusting the amount of tannase in step e) according to the first embodiment or step 5) according to the second embodiment in the range of 0.1 U / g to 100.0 U / g, preferably in the range of 0.2 U / g to 50.0 U / g, based on the amount of plants or plant components.

[0024] It has also proven particularly practical to concentrate the aqueous extract containing gallic acid obtained after step i) or j) according to the first embodiment, or the aqueous system containing gallic acid obtained after step 8) according to the second embodiment, particularly by evaporation, to obtain an aqueous concentrate. This is preferably a so-called concentrated extract. This aqueous concentrate or concentrated extract has a Brix value in the range of 1° to 100° Brix, preferably in the range of 10° to 70° Brix, and particularly preferably in the range of 20° to 50° Brix. Most preferably, concentrates with Brix values ​​in the range of 20° to 40° Brix, particularly in the range of 25° to 35° Brix, are sought or obtained during the concentration step. The determination of degrees Brix is ​​familiar to those skilled in the art.A liquid has a Brix value of 1° if it has the same density as a solution of 1 g of sucrose in 100 g of sucrose / water, and a Brix value of 10° if its density is that of a solution of 10 g of sucrose in 100 g of sucrose / water. Thus, the measurement in degrees Brix means that the density of the measured liquid corresponds to the density of a solution of sucrose in water containing the number of grams of sucrose per 100 g of solution specified by the degree value.

[0025] The problem underlying the invention is further solved by an aqueous concentrate containing gallic acid, particularly obtained according to the first embodiment, wherein the amount of dry matter used for this aqueous concentrate is in the range of 5 to 80 percent by weight, preferably in the range of 10 to 50 percent by weight, and particularly preferably in the range of 15 to 40 percent by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the aqueous concentrate. These aqueous concentrates are particularly suitable for the production of foods and food supplements, especially those in the form of beverages.

[0026] Dry mass within the meaning of the invention shall be understood to be that dry mass which is obtained by removing all aqueous and non-aqueous solvents from the extracts accessible according to the methods of the invention.

[0027] In this context, aqueous concentrates are particularly preferred which are obtained either according to the inventive method according to the first embodiment or according to the inventive method according to the second embodiment, wherein those aqueous concentrates which are accessible according to the inventive method according to the first embodiment are particularly preferred.

[0028] The aqueous concentrates according to the invention, in particular those obtained according to the first embodiment, have in particular a pH value in the range of 1.5 to 5.5, preferably in the range of 1.75 to 4.5 and particularly preferably in the range of 2.0 to 4.0, or are adjusted to a pH value in the range of 1.5 to 5.5, preferably in the range of 1.75 to 4.5 and particularly preferably in the range of 2.0 to 4.0.

[0029] In preferred aqueous concentrates according to the invention, particularly those obtained according to the first embodiment, the amount of gallic acid is at least 10 g / kg dry mass, preferably at least 50 g / kg dry mass, and particularly preferably at least 75 g / kg dry mass. Aqueous concentrates are particularly advantageous in which gallic acid is present in an amount in the range of 10 to 250 g / kg dry mass, preferably in the range of 50 to 200 g / kg dry mass, and particularly preferably in the range of 75 to 175 g / kg dry mass, in each case based on the total weight of the aqueous concentrate.

[0030] Suitable aqueous concentrates according to the invention, in particular those obtained according to the first embodiment, preferably have a relative density [20 / 20] in the range of 1.001 to 1.4000, preferably in the range of 1.010 to 1.2500. The relative density [20 / 20] is the quotient of the density of the sample under investigation (measured at 20°C) and the density of water at 20°C. The measurement is carried out in particular using a flexural vibrator according to § 35 LMBG 36.0 3a (German Food and Consumer Goods Act in the version applicable on the filing date) (determination of the relative density d 20 / 20 of wort and beer (flexural vibrator method). Particularly suitable aqueous concentrates are characterized by a total phenol content in the range of 5 to 350 g GAE / kg, preferably in the range of 50 to 300 g GAE / kg and particularly preferably in the range of 75 to 250 g GAE / kg and especially in the range of 125 to 200 g GAE / kg, in each case based on the dry mass of the extract.

[0031] The total phenol content can be determined according to the method in accordance with DIN ISO 14502-1:2007-11 (Determination of characteristic substances of green and black tea - Part 1: Total polyphenol content in tea - Colorimetric method using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent).

[0032] Furthermore, the problem underlying the invention is solved by a foodstuff, for example a beverage, as well as by a food supplement, containing or formed from the aqueous concentrate according to the invention.

[0033] The present invention is accompanied by the surprising finding that, when using the extraction methods according to the first embodiment as well as according to the second embodiment, but especially according to the first embodiment, gallic acid can be obtained effectively and cost-efficiently in high yields from a wide variety of plant materials or components thereof, thereby making aqueous concentrates with a very high gallic acid concentration accessible. It was surprisingly found that the aqueous concentrates according to the invention are particularly endowed with a Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity in the range of 500 to 6000 µmol / g, preferably in the range of 1000 to 5000 µmol / g, and most preferably in the range of 2000 to 4000 µmol / g, in each case based on the dry mass of the extract.The Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity can conveniently be determined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. This method is familiar to those skilled in the art and is described, for example, by O. Sharma and TN Bhat in "DPPH antioxidant assay revisited", Food Chemistry 113(4):1202-1205, April 2009, and by A. Karioti et al. in "Composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oils of Xylopia aethiopica (Dun) A. Rich. (Annonaceae) leaves, stem bark, root bark, and fresh and dried fruits, growing in Ghana", J. Agric. Food Chem. 29;52(26):8094-8, December 2004. For example, in this method, 10 mg of the stable radical DPPH can be dissolved in 100 ml of methanol and, after mixing with the respective sample extract or the standard (Trolox), incubated for 30 min at room temperature, and then the absorbance can be determined photometrically at 517 nm.The antioxidant potential of the samples can then be determined from a linear relationship between absorption and standard concentrations. The results can be calculated as trolox equivalents or as micromoles of trolox / g of sample and related to the dry mass. Using the described method, an extinction difference is determined, from which the antioxidant capacity of the investigated substance can be determined by comparison with the reduction in extinction caused by trolox at different concentrations.

[0034] The aqueous concentrates according to the invention can be used directly for the production of food, in particular beverages, and food supplements.

[0035] The features of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description and in the claims can be essential for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments, both individually and in any combination.

Claims

1. A process for producing an extract containing gallic acid, comprising the steps: a) providing, in particular dried and / or, in particular, crushed plants or plant parts containing tannins, in particular tannic acid; b) providing the enzyme tannase; c) providing at least one polar organic solvent; d) optionally crushing or further crushing the plants or plant parts according to step a); e) extractively treating the plants or plant parts obtained according to step a) and / or d), in particular crushed plants or plant parts, with water or an aqueous system in the presence of the enzyme tannase, to obtain a product mixture containing gallic acid.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising f) separating the, in particular comminuted, plants or plant components from the product mixture obtained according to step e), in particular following step e), and / or, in particular, g) concentrating the product mixture obtained according to step e) or f), containing gallic acid, in particular by evaporation, in particular following step e) or f) and / or before step h), and / or, in particular, h) treating the product mixture according to step e) or f) with the at least one polar organic solvent, in particular ethanol and / or methanol, and / or, in particular, treating the product mixture according to step e) or f) or g) with heat, and i) optionally filtering the treated product mixture according to step h) and / or, in particular,j) if necessary, removal of the polar organic solvent added in step h) from the treated product mixture according to step h) or from the filtered product mixture according to step i)., 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the extraction treatment according to step e) is carried out at temperatures in the range of 20 to 45 °C.

4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the treatment of the product mixture with at least one polar organic solvent, in particular ethanol, according to step h) is carried out at temperatures in the range of 40 to 75 °C.

5. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact thatin step h) the at least one polar organic solvent, in particular ethanol, is added in an amount in the range of 15 to 70 percent by weight, preferably in the range of 20 to 65 percent by weight and particularly preferably in the range of 40 to 60 percent by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the polar organic solvent and the water or aqueous system.

6. A process for producing an extract containing gallic acid, comprising the steps of: 1) providing, in particular crushed and / or, in particular, dried, plants or plant parts containing tannins, in particular tannic acid; 2) providing the enzyme tannase; 3) providing at least one polar organic solvent, in particular ethanol; 4) optionally crushing or...further comminution of the plants or plant parts according to step 1), 5) extraction treatment of the, in particular comminuted, plants or plant parts according to step 1) and / or 4) with a mixture containing the polar organic solvent, in particular ethanol, and water to obtain a product mixture containing polyphenols, 6) separation of the, in particular comminuted, plants or plant parts from the product mixture according to step 5) to obtain a liquid extract containing the polyphenols, 7) removal of the polar organic solvent, in particular the ethanol, from the liquid extract according to step 6) to obtain an aqueous extract containing the polyphenols, 8) treatment of the aqueous extract according to step 7) with the enzyme tannase to obtain an aqueous system containing gallic acid.

7. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact thatthe plants or plant components, in particular ground, preferably crushed, are immobilized in step e) or step 5), in particular immobilized in a sieve carrier.

8. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that The extraction treatment according to step e) or step 5) includes a percolation procedure.

9. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the amount of tannase in step e) or step 5) is in the range of 0.1 U / g to 100.0 U / g, preferably in the range of 0.2 U / g to 50.0 U / g, based on the amount of plants or plant components.

10. Method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising, in particular evaporative, concentration of the aqueous extract containing gallic acid obtained according to step i) or j), in particular according to step j), or of the aqueous system containing gallic acid, according to step 8) to obtain an aqueous concentrate, in particular a Spissum extract.

11. Method according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that the aqueous concentrate has a Brix value in the range of 10 to 100° Brix, preferably in the range of 10° to 70° Brix and particularly preferably in the range of 20° to 50° Brix.

12. Method according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized by the fact that the extraction treatment according to step 5) is carried out at temperatures in the range of 50 to 70 °C, in particular in the range of 55 to 65 °C.

13. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact thatthe extraction treatment according to step e) or the treatment of the aqueous extract according to step 8) with the enzyme tannase at temperatures in the range of 35 to 40 °C.

14. Method according to any one of claims 6 to 13, characterized by the fact that in step 5) ethanol is added in an amount in the range of 60 to 90 percent by weight, preferably in the range of 70 to 85 percent by weight, in each case based on the total weight of ethanol and water.

15. Aqueous concentrate containing gallic acid, in particular obtained or obtainable according to a process according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by a dry mass in the range of 5 to 80 percent by weight, preferably in the range of 10 to 50 percent by weight and particularly preferably in the range of 15 to 40 percent by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the aqueous concentrate.

16. Aqueous concentrate according to claim 15, characterized bya pH value in the range of 1.5 to 5.5, preferably in the range of 1.75 to 4.5 and particularly preferably in the range of 2.0 to 4.

0.

17. Aqueous concentrate according to claim 15 or 16, characterized by an amount of gallic acid of at least 10 g / kg dry mass, preferably at least 50 g / kg dry mass and particularly preferably at least 75 g / kg dry mass, and / or an amount of gallic acid in the range of 10 to 250 g / kg dry mass, preferably in the range of 50 to 200 g / kg dry mass and particularly preferably in the range of 75 to 175 g / kg dry mass, in each case based on the total weight of the aqueous concentrate.

18. Aqueous concentrate according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized by a relative density [20 / 20] in the range of 1.001 to 1.400, preferably in the range of 1.0100 to 1.2500, determined by means of a flexural vibratory test method according to § 35 LMBG 36.0 3a (determination of the relative density d 20 / 20 of wort and beer).

19. Foodstuffs, in particular beverages, or food supplements, containing or formed from an aqueous concentrate according to any one of claims 15 to 18.