Fuel and manufacturing method of fuel

Abstract

To provide a fuel composition produced from a petroleum fraction ingredient and a renewable fuel oil ingredient, and a manufacturing method thereof.SOLUTION: The fuel contains a product of a fluid catalytic cracker for co-processing of ingredients. The ingredients include i) a petroleum fraction, and ii) an unenriched renewable fuel oil in an amount of 0.05-20 wt.% based on the weight of the petroleum fraction. The unenriched renewable fuel oil contains a product of grinding and non-catalytic rapid thermal processing of cellulosic biomass to convert at least 60 wt.% of the cellulosic biomass into the unenriched renewable fuel oil; and has a carbon content of at least 40 wt.% on a moisture-free basis and an oxygen content in the range of 20-50 wt.% on a moisture-free basis. The co-processing converts 74.6-94.1 wt.% of the oxygen content into water.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001] [Cross - Reference to Related Applications] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 569,712, filed on Dec. 12, 2011 , U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 646,152, filed on May 11, 2012 , and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 673,683, filed on Jun. 19, 2012. The priority to each provisional patent application is expressly claimed, and the disclosure in each individual provisional patent application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. This disclosure is related to U.S. Patent No. 7,905,990, U.S. Patent 5,961,786, and U.S. Patent No. 5,792,340, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety

[0002] for all purposes. This disclosure is related to U.S. Patent No. 7,905,990, U.S. Patent 5,961,786, and U.S. Patent No. 5,792,340, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety by reference and is hereby incorporated herein. [[ID='26']]

[0003] [Field of the Invention] This disclosure generally relates to the introduction of renewable fuels or renewable oils as raw materials into purification systems or field improvement facilities. More specifically, this disclosure relates to methods of introducing liquids thermally produced from biomass into petroleum conversion units, such as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) for purification, cokers, field improvement systems, hydrocracking units, and / or hydrotreating units, for co - processing with petroleum fractions, reaction substances of petroleum fractions, and / or petroleum fraction raw materials, and to the products (e.g., fuels) thereof, and to the use and value of such products.

[0004] [Background] Biomass has been a major energy source for most of human history. In the 1800s ​​​​​Towards the end of the decade and during the 1900s, the proportion of global energy sourced from biomass It has declined, and at the same time, with the commercial development and utilization of fossil fuels, coal and petroleum products The market for this purpose has become dominant. Nevertheless, approximately 15% of the world's energy is still biomass. It continues to be sourced from S, and the contribution of biomass in developing countries is very high, at 38%. In addition, the environmental impact of fossil fuel use is becoming increasingly recognized. In particular, This burden comes from greenhouse gases, which result from the consumption of fossil fuels.

[0005] Biomass such as wood, waste materials, and agricultural residues can be converted into useful products through thermal or catalytic conversion. It can be converted into materials, such as fuels or chemicals. One example of thermal conversion is pyrolysis. Therefore, biomass, in principle, is produced in the absence of oxygen and is accompanied by gaseous by-products, and heat Through this process, it is converted into a liquid and a carbide.

[0006] In a general sense, pyrolysis is the process of biomass production in the initial conversion unit. Without any significant level of direct combustion of the material, the liquid and / or carbonization due to the action of heat This involves converting biomass into materials.

[0007] Historically, pyrolysis has been a relatively slow process, and the resulting liquid product is viscous. The liquids were ruth and "obtained by dry distillation of wood." Conventional slow heat treatments typically involved 400°C. At temperatures lower than that, for longer processing times ranging from a few seconds to a few minutes, or even several hours. Through this process, the primary purpose is the production of charcoal, accompanied by the generation of liquids and gases as by-products. That's what's happening.

[0008] More modern forms of pyrolysis or rapid thermal conversion emerged around the end of the 1970s. Researchers have observed that it is possible to produce a pourable, lightweight liquid from biomass in very high yields. The focus was on what could be obtained. In fact, the conversion occurred in a very short time (usually less than 5 seconds). When this is done, the liquid yield approaches 80% of the weight of the supplied wood biomass material. It is possible to do so.

[0009] The homogeneous liquid produced from this rapid thermal decomposition has the appearance of light to medium petroleum fuel oil. It is determined to be renewable oil. Renewable oil is used in boilers. For clean and controlled combustion fuels, as well as for diesel and fixed turbines. It is ideal as a fuel for use in [location]. This is because it has high viscosity, low quality, and is very In stark contrast to slow pyrolysis, which produces a two-phase mixture of tar and water with low yields. ru.

[0010] In reality, short-residence thermal decomposition in biomass causes most of its organic material to be instantaneous. This causes a change to a gaseous phase. This gaseous phase consists of non-condensable gases (methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide). It contains both condensable gases (carbon dioxide and olefins). The condensable gases are When condensed and recovered, it constitutes the final liquid product. The yield and value of this liquid. This is a powerful effect of the method, and its effectiveness in downstream capture and recovery systems. Yes. This is due to the limited supply of hydrocarbon raw materials and the constantly increasing demand for energy, especially fuel for liquid transport. Given the significant demand, alternative sources are needed. Sex and abundance make this renewable raw material an attractive option to supplement future demand for petroleum. as an option. The problems with biomass, unlike conventional hydrocarbon fuels, contain oxygen and, historically, have not been fully convertible into forms that can be easily integrated in existing hydrocarbon-based infrastructure. There is a fact that it has not been fully convertible into forms that can be easily integrated in existing hydrocarbon-based infrastructure.

[0011] A significant amount of work has been done to study the production of liquid hydrocarbon products from biomass using various thermal and thermocatalytic schemes. U.S. Patent US5,792,340; U.S. Patent US5,961,786; Lappas et al., Biomass Pyrolysis in a Circulating Fluid Bed Reactor for the Production of Fuels and Chemicals, Fuel 81 (2002), 208 7-2095); and Samolada et al., Catalyst Evaluation for Catalytic Biomass Pyrolo ysis, Fuel & Energy 2000, 14, 1161-1167 disclose the treatment of biomass or other oxidized carbonaceous raw materials in a circulating fluidized bed reactor using a catalyst (zeolite FCC catalyst) as a solid circulating medium for the purpose of directly deoxygenating biomass and producing other hydrocarbons in addition to transportation fuels or blending fuels. Despite the production of some hydrocarbon products, the yields are unacceptably low, there is a high yield of carbide or coke, and gas is produced as a byproduct. In addition, there are problems of reactor fouling and plugging, and other serious problems related to catalyst performance. Not only is the liquid yield low, but it cannot be immediately used as a substitute for hydrocarbon-based fossil fuels. ​​​​​​​​​In order to achieve this, further improvements and treatments are required for most of the liquid products generated. This is required.

[0012] Considering the above limitations, another alternative for biomass-derived hydrocarbons to products is to first convert solid biomass thermally or thermo-catalytically to the generated products, and then high-quality liquids (i.e., 100% liquid biomass products) are combined with a solid circulating medium and fed to a circulating fluidized bed reactor using an FCC catalyst or other suitable catalyst. (Adjaye et al., Production of Hydrocarbons by Catalytic Upgrading of a Fast P yrolysis Bio-oil, Fuel Processing Technology 45 (1995), 185--192). Even in this case, unacceptably low hydrocarbon yields are achieved, and reactor plugging and fouling are often significant, and most of the feedstock is converted to liquids rich in carbides / coke, gases, and oxygen and tends to separate into different liquid phases.

[0013] As a means of producing hydrocarbons from oxidized biomass, the use of catalytic cracking of solid or liquid biomass, biomass-derived gases or thermally generated liquids is technically complex and relatively inefficient, producing significant amounts of low-value by-products. To solve the catalyst and yield problems, researchers have focused on a stand-alone high-quality path for converting biomass-derived liquids to liquid hydrocarbons using hydrogen addition and a catalyst system specially tuned for oxidized materials in the conversion system. (Elliott, Historical (Elliott, Historical Developments in Hydroprocessing Bio-oils, Energy & Fuels 2007, 21, 1792-1815). Despite being technically feasible, the complete conversion of hydrocarbons to liquid fuels is required. The large scale advantages and technical complexities related to high-pressure and multi-stage hydrogenation are being considered. The sloppiness and cost limitations were considered unacceptable.

[0014] Overcoming the technical and economic limitations related to improving biomass into a completely independent transport fuel. As a means of consumption, researchers are working to partially improve oxidized biomass, The oxygen is reduced, and subsequently, in conventional petroleum refining operations, this intermediate biomass product is produced. We focused on various schemes that involve co-processing it together with petroleum raw materials. The first step in these is, All attention is focused on the hydrogenation and deoxygenation of biomass-derived liquids prior to co-processing using petroleum. Therefore, co-processing with petroleum is performed to avoid rapid deactivation of the FCC catalyst and contamination of the reactor. And prior to the removal of the products, which are excess coke and gas, the thermally generated liquid It was determined that hydrogen treatment was necessary. Therefore, published research and prior art were first A high-quality liquid, produced from biomass and then treated with hydrogen, is used in a fluidized contact solution. This includes the co-processing of petroleum in the recycling unit of the FCC (French Carbon Decomposition Company).

[0015] These early FCC units generally used a dense-phase bed reactor system and a catalyst. This allowed for good contact between the raw materials and the hydrocarbon raw materials. A long residence time was required to ensure conversion within minutes. The catalytic system was improved. As a result, the catalyst was more activated, and the FCC was redesigned to incorporate a riser structure. The Izer structure allows the contact time between the catalyst and the petroleum raw material to be approximately 2-3 seconds (the reactor vessel or This could be shortened to (this does not include any time in the reaction termination phase).

[0016] One of the shortcomings of the early FCC design was that, in principle, the riser was solid. It was a riser stop system connected to the open reactor vessel containing the separation device. In commercial FCC units, the subsequent thermal decomposition of large amounts of risers is sufficient for dry gas. For several years it was thought that this resulted in the formation of s and other low-value products. The two mechanisms that produce it are thermal and dilute catalytic decomposition. Thermal decomposition occurs in the reactor. This is due to the extended residence time of hydrocarbon gases in distant regions, resulting in non-selective free It yields high-yield dry gas via a radical decomposition mechanism. Catalytic cracking of the dilute phase involves a catalyst and This is due to contact with downstream hydrocarbon gases in the riser. Most of this is from the floor. This is eliminated during the transition to disassembly, but occurs in the absence of a sophisticated shutdown system design. Due to the inhibition of the large amount of catalyst obtained, a sufficient amount is present in the dilute phase.

[0017] Many FCC manufacturers and licensors have advanced risers to minimize subsequent riser disassembly. We propose an Izer stop system, and many units are new units and improved applications. The system was implemented in both locations. In addition, some refining machines were used for the same purpose. , and carried out its own "internal" design. The complexity and diversity of the FCC unit, as well as new Based on the design of the unit, a "closed" cyclone, a "strongly coupled" cyclone "Direct-connection type" cyclone, "high containment system", "vortex-type separation system There are many variations of advanced stopping systems, such as "stems." There are differences in design, with some being more specific to certain unit structures than others. While suitable, all of these reduce the undesirable post-lyseration reaction. It fulfills its basic purpose.

[0018] The contact time between the raw material and the catalyst includes the residence time in the riser, and in many cases, This includes the dwell time in the advanced riser stopping system described above. Typically, risers The dwell time is approximately 2-3 seconds, and the dwell time of the additional stop system is approximately 1-2 This can be in seconds. This results in an overall catalytic contact time of approximately 3-5 seconds.

[0019] One innovative embodiment forming part of the present invention is an FCC or field modification Processing using a thermally generated liquid in conjunction with petroleum-based materials in a well-operated manner. This is possible. For example, in FCC or field improvement processes, VGO or other unprocessed processes may be used. A small amount of oil-based industrial liquid is used to co-process a biomass-derived liquid that has not been hydrogenated. It encompasses that.

[0020] One innovative embodiment forming part of the present invention overlooks and does not intend the prior art to be used. The conversion of biomass, which has been deliberately avoided; removing the complexity of the intermediate improvement process, and moreover, the unprocessed In a method that is compatible with processing oil raw materials, the process is unimproved and involves the thermally generated liquid This concerns the conversion of biomass by co-processing the body with hydrocarbons. As already shown, In the process, the liquid biomass produced thermally without processing is used in FCC and other catalysts. In the conversion system, it is not suitable for direct conversion to liquid hydrocarbons. Therefore, Therefore, conventional co-processing using petroleum in conventional recycling operations, including FCC co-processing, When considered, the unconsidered and untreated thermal biomass liquids are considered to be the same as those co-treated. It may be excluded from the options (Mercader; Fogassy). However, as described in this disclosure, Unexpected technical and economic benefits stem from the heat generated in various regeneration operations. In the co-processing of mass products with petroleum raw materials, this is practically clear.

[0021] [Application Summary] In one embodiment, the present invention is produced from petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oil raw materials. The present invention relates to a fuel composition. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a stone co-treated in the presence of a catalyst. The present invention relates to fuel compositions produced from oil fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oil raw materials. In one embodiment, In this invention, the present invention relates to a fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus that produces renewable fuel oil from raw materials. The present invention relates to the composition of the product. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a conversion unit in the presence of a catalyst. More than 80% by weight of petroleum fraction raw materials and less than 20% by weight of recycled materials can be processed in this manner. This invention relates to fuel compositions produced from bioavailable fuel oil raw materials.

[0022] In one embodiment, the present invention has petroleum fractions and renewable fuel oil as reactants. This relates to fuel containing the products of a conversion unit such as a fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus. In one embodiment, In this context, the present invention relates to a refining and conversion unit that co-processes petroleum fractions together with renewable fuel oil. The present invention relates to fuels containing products. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to petroleum fractions and renewable fuels This relates to fuels containing refining and conversion unit products that receive oil.

[0023] In one embodiment, the present invention is a method for producing fuel (for example, transport fuel), A method comprising the step of supplying petroleum fraction raw materials together with renewable fuel oil raw materials in the presence of a catalyst. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for producing fuel, wherein the fuel is produced in the presence of a catalyst. The present invention relates to a method that includes a step of processing petroleum fraction raw materials together with bioavailable fuel oil raw materials.

[0024] In one embodiment, the present invention is a method for producing fuel, which is regenerative in the presence of a catalyst. The process includes processing petroleum fraction raw materials together with fuel oil raw materials, and optionally, the manufacturing process of specific fuels. To target the rophage, riser temperature, or reaction region temperature, petroleum fraction raw materials, A process to adjust the supply addition rate of renewable fuel oil raw materials, or both, and / or optionally To target the manufacturing profile, riser temperature, or reaction region temperature of a specific fuel. Therefore, the ratio of the catalyst to the mixture of petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oil raw materials (catalyst: oil The present invention relates to a method that includes a step of adjusting the ratio of catalyst to oil. The catalyst:oil ratio may be expressed as a weight ratio or by volume. It is a ratio.

[0025] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the total volume of products obtained from the production flow of the conversion unit. For this, at least 70% by volume of gasoline and LCO, or at least 70% by volume The petroleum fraction raw material and renewable fuel oil are co-processed so that the fuel product contains the transport fuel. Regarding the method.

[0026] In one embodiment, the present invention is a method for improving petroleum conversion in a refinery, In the presence of a medium, petroleum fractions replaced with renewable fuel oil (on an equivalent energy basis) Methods including treatment (based on carbon content).

[0027] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the fuel yield in the conversion of petroleum fraction raw materials (for example, gasoline One of the following: phosphorus, diesel oil, LPG, LCO, heating oil, and / or jet fuel A method for increasing yields of more than one, together with renewable fuel oil feedstock in the presence of a catalyst. The present invention relates to a method including a process for processing petroleum fraction raw materials.

[0028] In one embodiment, the present invention has an inlet for petroleum fractions and an inlet for renewable fuels. It is adapted to include a riser or components that allow for the injection of renewable fuel. The present invention relates to a fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus including a riser. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a petroleum distillation apparatus. The first assembly for introducing raw materials and the second assembly for introducing renewable fuel oil raw materials Essential oil systems equipped with Swertia japonica or adapted to include equivalents thereof. Regarding this, in one embodiment, the present invention relates to a first assembly for introducing petroleum fraction raw materials. A second assembly for introducing renewable fuel oil raw materials into the refinery's conversion unit and Essential oil systems that are equipped with, or adapted or modified to add, an equivalent thereto. Regarding.

[0029] In one embodiment, the present invention is suitable for accepting renewable fuel oil raw materials. One or more units in an oil system (e.g., a conversion unit) that are renewable fuel This relates to one or more units having a separate mounting port for introducing fuel. In its application, the present invention is suitable for accepting renewable fuel oil and other or modified versions. Modified riser assembly (e.g., a single port including a nozzle); Renewable fuel Separate or individual tank capacity for introducing raw materials for fuel oil; installed, recalibrated Modified, altered, or standalone control device or control system; and / or reusable The oil refining system is equipped with a live tap installed for introducing fuel oil raw materials. To relate to.

[0030] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for increasing the temperature of the mixing region in an FCC unit. Therefore, the rapid cooling riser system is located downstream (after) the injection of petroleum fraction raw materials from the injection nozzle. A method comprising the step of injecting 0.05 to 15% by weight of renewable fuel oil via a (later) device. do.

[0031] In one embodiment, the present invention involves using renewable fuel oil and petroleum gas fraction raw materials, and internally using a catalyst. This relates to a method for co-processing both by introducing them into a contact conversion unit. Regenerative Fuel oil has a carbon content in the range of 35-80% by weight, on both a dry and wet basis. Having a low level and / or low energy content in the generated biomass It has an energy content level of at least 30%. In addition, petroleum gas fractions include gas oil (GO ) Raw materials, vacuum gas oil (VGO) raw materials, heavy gas oil (HGO) raw materials, middle distillate raw materials, heavy-intermediate It contains fractional raw materials, hydrocarbon-based raw materials, or a combination thereof.

[0032] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a fuel for generating cellulose renewable identification numbers ( For example, a diesel fuel and / or gasoline) production route that uses renewable fuel oil The manufacturing process involves converting cellulose raw materials through rapid heat treatment and cellulose regeneration. To produce fuel conforming to possible identification numbers, renewable fuel oil is used in petroleum distillation in the presence of a catalyst. The present invention relates to a fuel production route that includes a step of co-processing with a component. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a fuel production route that includes a step of co-processing with a component. To generate a Luros Renewable Identification Number, diesel fuel and / or gasoline are produced. A production route for renewable fuel, which involves using renewable (cellulose) biomass raw materials. A process for thermally converting the material and generating a renewable cellulose identification number in the United States. Diesel fuels that comply with the fuel routes specified in the Fuel Standards Program (RFS) regulations and / or in order to manufacture gasoline, petroleum fractions are mixed with renewable fuel oil at the refinery. The present invention relates to a manufacturing route that includes a step of co-processing cellulose. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a manufacturing route that includes a step of co-processing cellulose. A fuel production route for generating a renewable identification number, wherein non-concentrated renewable fuel oil is produced To produce it, there is a process of thermally treating the cellulose raw material through rapid heat treatment, and cellulose Sufficient amount of fuel to produce more than 0.5 units compliant with the renewable identification number. To manufacture gasoline fuel units, unconcentrated renewable fuel oil is used in the refinery along with other fuel oils. This relates to a fuel production route that includes a process for processing petroleum fractions.

[0033] In one embodiment, the present invention is obtained from biomass (e.g., cellulose biomass) Petroleum fraction feedstocks exceeding 90% by weight and unenriched renewable fuels exceeding 10% by weight. This invention relates to a transport fuel containing a product obtained by catalytic conversion of a mixture including an oil raw material.

[0034] In one embodiment, the present invention produces a fuel that is eligible for a cellulose renewable identification number. A method for which, optionally, rapid heat treatment of renewable cellulose biomass raw materials is performed. The process involves producing renewable fuel oil and using petroleum fraction raw materials exceeding 90% by weight for refining. At the point of entry and immediately before the injection of petroleum fraction raw materials, less than 10% by weight of renewable fuel oil is refined. The process involves injecting the fuel into the oil treatment and producing fuel that meets the cellulose renewable identification number requirements. The process includes a step of co-processing petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oil, wherein the renewable fuel oil is It has a pH of 1.5 to 6, a solid content of less than 2.5% by weight, and a water content of 20 to 45% by weight. Regarding methods that possess quantity.

[0035] In one embodiment, the present invention processes through a conversion unit (e.g., FCC) in an oil refinery. This invention relates to a method for producing fuel derived from at least a portion of a processed renewable fuel. In application, the present invention is processed through a refinery conversion unit (e.g., FCC). A renewable fuel having a pH of 1.5 to 6 and a water content of 20 to 45% by weight. This invention relates to a method for producing fuel from at least a portion of a viable fuel.

[0036] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a U.S. renewable fuel for generating a renewable identification number. A method for producing fuel via a fuel pathway in accordance with standard program specifications, wherein carbon Renewable fuel oil with a content of less than 60% by weight and a pH of 1.5 to 8 The present invention relates to a method including a step of thermally converting lurose-based biomass. Therefore, the present invention relates to the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standards Program for generating renewable identification numbers. A method for producing fuel via a fuel pathway compliant with the standard, wherein the carbon content is at least Cellulose-based biomass renewable fuel oil with a carbon content of more than 80% by weight The present invention relates to a method that includes a step of thermally converting space biomass. The invention complies with the U.S. Renewable Fuels Standards Program regulations for generating renewable identification numbers. A method for producing fuel via a fuel pathway, wherein cellulose is added to renewable fuel oil. - A process to thermally convert biomass and produce fuel, using more than 90% by weight The present invention relates to a method that includes a step of co-processing a portion of renewable fuel oil together with anhydrous gas oil raw materials. ru.

[0037] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel raw materials in the presence of a catalyst. The present invention relates to a fuel composition produced from at least a portion of both materials by co-processing them. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a fluidized contact generated from raw materials including renewable fuel oil. This relates to decomposition manufacturing compositions.

[0038] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to petroleum fractions together with renewable fuel oil raw materials in the presence of a catalyst. The process includes a step of processing raw materials, and the yield of fuel products obtained from this process is such that the raw materials for renewable fuel oil are The yield of fuel products resulting from the above processing is equivalent to that of raw materials on an energy supply basis. The present invention relates to a method for producing a fuel that is larger or larger. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the presence of a catalyst. The process includes a step of processing petroleum fraction raw materials together with renewable fuel oil raw materials, and the combustion by said process The production of fuel whose yield perfectly matches that of fuel produced without renewable fuel oil as a raw material. Regarding the manufacturing method.

[0039] In one embodiment, the present invention generates one or more cellulose-renewable identification numbers. A method for producing renewable fuel oil (e.g., non-concentrated renewable fuel oil) The process involves heat-treating the cellulose biomass and assigning a suitable cellulose renewable identification number. To produce gasoline fuel, jet fuel, gasoline, or heating oil, refinery conversion units A method for knitting that includes a step of co-processing petroleum fraction raw materials together with renewable fuel oil. do.

[0040] In one embodiment, the present invention is a fuel for an internal combustion engine, comprising a petroleum fraction It is produced from raw materials and less than 5% by weight of renewable fuel raw materials, and is derived from renewable fuel raw materials and petroleum. This relates to fuel produced by co-processing fractional feedstocks in the presence of an FCC catalyst.

[0041] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a useful fuel composition produced by the conversion of petroleum fraction raw materials. A method for increasing the quantity of a substance, comprising petroleum fractions in an oil refining system containing an FCC catalyst. The process of introducing the raw materials and the total amount of raw materials (for example, the combined amount of renewable fuel raw materials and petroleum fraction raw materials) A process of adding at least 2% by weight of renewable fuel oil raw materials to the material, and an FCC catalyst A method comprising the step of co-processing the mixed raw materials in the FCC for at least 2 seconds in the presence of To relate to.

[0042] In one embodiment, the present invention is a method for exchanging recyclable identification numbers, U.S. recyclable To manufacture fuel compositions by one or more fuel routes based on the Possible Fuel Standard Program The process involves co-processing petroleum fraction raw materials together with renewable fuel oil, and the fuel owner or purchaser A method including the step of transferring rights to at least some of one or more U.S. Reproducible Identification Numbers from a person Regarding this, in one embodiment, the present invention relates to the heat treatment of cellulose biomass. The US renewable fuel standard program for generating the obtained cellulose renewable identification number Regarding renewable fuel oils suitable for fuel routes specified in the Ram regulations. In this context, the present invention relates to a U.S. renewable fuel for generating cellulose renewable identification numbers. Renewable fuel oil suitable for the fuel pathways specified in the standard program is produced. The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine fuel. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a cellulose regenerative Identified in the provisions of the U.S. Renewable Fuels Standards Program for generating functional identification numbers Produced from refined oil conversion unit raw materials containing 1-5% by weight of renewable fuel oil suitable for the fuel pathway. Regarding fuels used in internal combustion engines.

[0043] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the products of FCC co-treated gas oil and renewable fuel oil. This relates to a mixable fuel composition.

[0044] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine, and the above-mentioned one Regarding the methods of using the above fuels.

[0045] In one embodiment, the present invention observes the amount of processing capacity in an FCC unit, and petroleum A computer controls the amount of renewable fuel oil introduced for co-processing together with the base raw materials. Regarding the system.

[0046] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the FCC, including the amount of processed renewable fuel oil. The amount of processing capacity is observed, and the renewable identification number of the generated cellulose is measured by a computer. Regarding the system.

[0047] [Detailed explanation of the diagram] Many of the advantages of the materials, systems, methods, products, applications, and numerous examples of their use are shown in the attached diagram. By examining the summary and details provided in this application, including the abstract, It can be easily recognized and understood.

[0048] Figure 1: Shows a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit.

[0049] Figure 2A: Shows an exemplary conversion unit.

[0050] Figure 2B: Two different locations suitable for introducing renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials ( (It may be in a position where one is optional, or both may be used) and is located at the inlet or 2 This shows an exemplary conversion unit conforming to (102).

[0051] Figure 3: Shows riser rapid cooling technology.

[0052] Figure 4: Shows the coking unit.

[0053] Figure 5: Shows the fuel injection system.

[0054] Figure 6: Shows an FCC unit with a double riser.

[0055] Figure 7: The catalyst-to-oil ratio and the concentration of RFO in VGO affect the conversion (mass basis). This graph shows the effect.

[0056] Figure 8: Catalyst:Oil ratio and RFO concentration in VGO are related to the overall conversion (equivalent energy) This graph shows the impact on the ghee supply base.

[0057] Figure 9: Oil ratio and RFO concentration in VGO are related to gasoline yield (energy equivalent). This graph shows the impact on the supply base.

[0058] Figure 10: Catalyst:Oil ratio and RFO concentration in VGO correspond to the carbon content of the fuel (equal amounts) This graph shows the effect of the carbon supply base on gasoline yield.

[0059] Figure 11: Catalyst:Oil ratio and RFO concentration in VGO affect LPG yield (equivalent energy) This graph shows the impact on the energy supply base.

[0060] Figure 12: Catalyst:Oil ratio and RFO concentration in VGO are equivalent to the yield of dry gas (equivalent) This graph shows the impact on the energy supply base.

[0061] Figure 13: Catalyst:Oil ratio and RFO concentration in VGO are related to the yield of LCO (equivalent energy) This graph shows the impact on the energy supply base.

[0062] Figure 14: Catalyst:Oil ratio and RFO concentration in VGO are related to the yield of HCO (equivalent energy) This graph shows the impact on the energy supply base.

[0063] Figure 15: Catalyst:Oil ratio and RFO concentration in VGO affect coke yield (equivalent to E This graph shows the impact on the energy supply base.

[0064] Figure 16: RFO substitution and catalyst:oil ratio (10,000 bbls / day, anhydrous basis) This graph shows the yield of gasoline acting as a fuel.

[0065] Figure 17: RFO substitution and catalyst:oil ratio (weight % contribution using standard VGO) This graph shows the gallons / tons of gasoline that act as RFO.

[0066] Figure 18: Catalyst:Oil ratio and RFO concentration in VGO affect gasoline yield (FCC) This graph shows the impact on the volume supply base to the unit.

[0067] Figure 19: Catalyst:Oil ratio and RFO concentration in HGO affect gasoline yield (100 This graph shows the impact on the fuel base of 00 bbls / day.

[0068] [Detailed explanation] In 2005, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the first renewable fuels directive in the United States. They announced the "Renewable Fuels Standard" (RFS1). The RFS aims for 7.5 by 2012. It required blending 1 gallon of renewable fuel with gasoline. Two years later, the plan was revised to 202 The 2007 "Energy Plan" set a target of 36 billion gallons of renewable fuel by 2022. It was expanded under the "Independence and Safety Protocol" (EISA). Furthermore, the EISA was expanded under the Gasoline Protocol. Similarly, the RFS will be expanded to cover diesel fuel as well (jet fuel will be under the RFS). (Initially not included), individual volume targets were set for different types of renewable fuels. (For example, RFS2 requires 21 billion gallons of new biofuels by 2022.) (Wanted).

[0069] In February 2010, the EPA revised its previous renewable fuel standards (RFS1), R The final regulations for FS2 have been presented. These regulations stipulate that refurbished aircraft manufactured in the United States by 2022 must be manufactured in the United States. The volume target for biofuels is 36B gallons, with 21B being a new type of biofuel (non-ethanol). (This was decided.) Because the United States does not have industrial cellulose facilities, the EPA has decided to address cellulose. We review our overall capabilities annually, assess the feasibility of achieving our production targets, and then make adjustments accordingly. Yes, it is being done. The EPA fell considerably short of its original target of 500 million gallons in 2012. Cells up to 12.9M gallons (up to 15.7M gallons based on ethanol equivalent) The volume of cellulose was proposed. By 2022, 16 billion gallons of cellulose fuel For the United States to achieve its production targets, significant progress is needed to accelerate the expansion of cellulose technology. It must be done.

[0070] Some of the regulations are designed to be less environmentally harmful than conventional fuel production methods. A program to encourage the assignment of a "Renewable Identification Number" (RIN) to fuel production based on established routes. It contains grams. Among the various authorized routes, the renewable identification number for cellulose is ( Cellulose, including biomass (cellulose biomass) that can be used to obtain C-RIN's Some are related to use. The use of cellulose biomass is related to the fact that fuel producers are "recycled" It also helps to fulfill the "RVO obligation". One aspect of this application is that there are many fuels And among the by-products, raw materials supplied to converters used to manufacture gasoline (for example) For the total weight of petroleum fractions and renewable feedstocks, unconcentrated renewable fuel oil is used, 20% Less than a percentage by weight, for example, less than 10% by weight, less than 8% by weight, less than 6% by weight, for example, about 5% by weight By using a quantity of % or approximately 3% by weight, C-RIN's and / or RVO Not only will there be an opportunity to meet the requirements of 's, but also (an equivalent supply base, e.g., energy The point is that at least equivalent gasoline yields can be obtained (on a base or carbon content basis). Yes. Equivalent gasoline yield includes, for example, an increase in gasoline yield and equivalent input base For example, on an energy basis or a carbon content basis, greater than 0.5 by weight, 0.75 by weight An increase greater than the quantity, greater than 1 weight, for example, from 0.5% by weight and 5.0% by weight, or including increases of 1.25% by weight and 3.0% by weight.

[0071] In one embodiment, the method and system are used in FCC and other refineries and field improvement operations. This includes renewable fuels, renewable fuel oils, or renewable oils as raw materials in the production process. Renewable fuels include fuels produced from renewable resources. Examples include biofuels (for example) Vegetable oil used as fuel, ethanol, ethanol from biomass, or Iodine and hydrogen fuel (when produced using renewable processes), thermochemically This includes the manufactured liquid and biomass that is catalytically converted into a liquid.

[0072] Suitable biomass, biomass materials, or biomass components include wood, wood residue, and wood chips. Bark from cut branches, thinned wood, forest thinning, bagasse, corn fiber, corn straw Empty fruit clusters (EFB), thallus, palm leaves, flax, straw, low-ash straw, energy Ghee crops, palm oil, non-food-based biomass materials, crop residues, cut branches, pre-commercial Thinned wood and wood residue, year-round cover crops, switchgrass, Japanese pampas grass, cellulose-containing materials The cellulose component of garden waste is separated, and the cellulose of food waste is separated. The components of the separated cellulose components of the municipal solid waste (MSW), or combinations thereof. This includes, but is not limited to, cellulose biomass, for example, cellulose materials. Contains biomass derived from or included in the material. For example, biomass is renewable in the United States. Compliant with the Fuel Standards Program (RFS) regulations, or renewable cellulose identification It could be characterized as a biomass suitable for preparing fuels corresponding to different numbers. In one embodiment, biomass is used in the U.S. Renewable Fuels Standards Program (RFS). Routes for fuel that meet D-codes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 in accordance with the regulations. These can be characterized as fulfilling the requirements for those biomass fuels identified by [the relevant authority]. For example, biomass is subject to the provisions of the U.S. Renewable Fuels Standards Program (RFS). Those biomass materials are suitable for preparing fuels that meet D Code 3 or 7. It can be characterized by satisfying, or the biomass is hydrocarbon (or renewable It can be characterized by consisting only of hydrocarbons.

[0073] Renewable fuel oil (also referred to here as "RFO") is a fuel oil derived from biomass or This refers to fuel oil prepared from the conversion of biomass. For example, in one embodiment, renewable Fuel oil is cellulose-based renewable fuel oil (also referred to here as "cellulose RFO"). It can be done, and it can also be prepared from the converted biomass containing cellulose. Yes, it is possible. Biomass or cellulose-containing biomass can be subjected to one or more of the following processes: thermal conversion. Thermomechanical conversion, thermal catalytic conversion, or catalytic conversion of biomass or cellulose-containing biomass Through conversion, it can be transformed to form a suitable renewable fuel. One embodiment In this context, renewable fuel oil is not hydrodesoxidized (not HDO), and is deoxygenated. Not done, not improved, thermally treated, rapidly thermally treated Thermomechanically treated, rapidly thermomechanically treated, not hydrogenated, adjusted It can be the things that are being done, and / or a combination thereof. For example, Renewable fuel oil is renewable fuel oil that has not been hydrodesoxidized (not HDO); HDO Instead, undeoxygenated renewable fuel oil; rapidly thermomechanically treated and hydrogenated Untreated renewable fuel oil; or undeoxidized, unimproved, and unheat-treated fuel oil. It can be a renewable fuel oil. A further example of a suitable renewable fuel oil is hydrogen Not deoxygenated, not deoxygenated, not hydrogenated, improved It is a renewable fuel that is not catalytically treated, is not treated thermomechanically, and is not a catalytically treated fuel. Biomass, for example, cellulose biomass, is simply mechanically crushed, and then crushed The biomass is then subjected to rapid heat treatment, for example, to substantially reduce its oxygen content, water content, and dioxide content. Further processing steps to change the sulfur chloride content, solid content, or conversely, combustion Without further processing steps to concentrate the renewable fuel oil for processing into a liquid, It is understood to mean renewable fuel oil that can be obtained by obtaining a body. It can be used as a fuel. Furthermore, this is not hydrogenated and deoxygenated (not HDO) , not deoxygenated, not hydrogenated, not improved, not catalytically treated Renewable fuel oil that has not been treated with thermomechanical processes and has not been hydrodeoxygenated, Undeoxygenated, unhydrogenated, unimproved, uncatalytically treated Not, thermally treated, renewable fuel oil and / or hydrodesoxidized Not deoxygenated, not hydrogenated, not improved, not catalytically treated. Other bio-based methods for forming a mixture of renewable fuel oils that have not been treated with thermomechanical processes. Other OMAS-derived unhydrogenated, undeoxygenated, unhydrogenated Not improved, not catalytically treated, not thermomechanically treated, renewable It can be mixed with other groups of fuel oils.

[0074] In particular, renewable fuel oil is the only way to process biomass (specifically, by crushing and rapid heat treatment). (Contains a thermomechanical system that does not perform post-treatment or concentration of the liquid before introducing it into the petroleum conversion unit.) It is a liquid formed from biomass containing cellulose material, which may be a processed material. To obtain. Specifically, without hydrogenation deoxidation, without hydrogenation treatment, without catalyst exposure or contact, Unconcentrated renewable fuel oil can only be produced by thermal mechanical treatment of lurose-containing biomass. It can be obtained.

[0075] A preferred renewable fuel oil is, for example, rapidly heat-treated, and the resulting liquid is treated. At least 50% by weight of the total weight of the biomass, for example, at least 60% by weight, less 70% by weight, at least 75% by weight, at least 80% by weight, or at least 85% Non- It may be a concentrated liquid (also called unconcentrated renewable fuel oil). In other words, processed The yield of liquid from biomass is at least 50 times the total weight of the processed pulverized biomass. Amount in percent, for example, at least 60% by weight, at least 70% by weight, at least 75% by weight, It may be at least 80% by weight, or at least 85% by weight. Non-enriched is specifically Pre-treatment and post-treatment include not performing hydrogenation deoxidation, hydrogenation treatment, or catalyst exposure / contact. It should be understood to refer to renewable fuel oil that is not processed. In one embodiment, non-concentrated The recycled fuel oil is prepared from crushed biomass and then transported and / or It is stored and, while being introduced into the converter at the refinery, at temperatures not exceeding 150 degrees Fahrenheit. It may be further heated or maintained at a constant temperature. Transport, storage, and / or In one embodiment, mechanical treatment related to preheating is not considered a concentration step. Non-enriched renewable fuel oils are classified into separate non-enriched groups and / or various cellulose biomass From the non-enriched group obtained from (for example, several different types of non-edible biomass) It may contain one or more unconcentrated renewable fuel oils that are mixed together. In one embodiment, In order to intentionally provide or impart the characteristics found in combined, unconcentrated renewable fuel oil The mixed compositions that can be mixed contain almost all (for example, more than 80% by weight, or 90% by weight) Greater than a certain percentage, for example, greater than 95% by weight, greater than 98% by weight, or 99% by weight. If (greater than weight percent), or if all of the combined group consists of unenriched renewable fuel oils It may be considered unconcentrated renewable fuel oil.

[0076] Preferred (non-HDO) renewable fuel oil; non-HDO, undeoxidized renewable fuel oil. Renewable fuel oil; rapidly heat-mechanically treated, non-hydrogenated renewable fuel oil; also This refers to undeoxygenated, unimproved, and heat-treated renewable fuel oil.

[0077] For example, renewable fuel oil is either made from biomass that has been thermally converted, or from biomass that has been thermomechanically converted. It may only contain biomass that has been treated. Suitable renewable fuel oils may contain biomass or cells. Pyrolytic liquids derived from or prepared from the conversion of rose biomass, thermal pyrolytic Rapid pyrolytic fluid, thermomechanical pyrolytic fluid, rapid thermopyrolytic fluid, or rapid thermomechanical It may contain pyrolytic liquid. In one embodiment, the renewable fuel oil is hydrodeoxygenated. Undeoxygenated (non-HDO) renewable fuel oil; undeoxygenated renewable fuel oil Unmodified renewable fuel oil; thermally treated cellulose renewable fuel oil ; Thermally treated, unmodified cellulose renewable fuel oil; Thermally treated Biomass liquid that has been treated; untreated biomass liquid that has been thermally processed; thermally Processed non-food-based biomass liquid; thermally processed non-food-based cellulose -Based biomass liquid; non-edible, renewable liquid that has been thermally treated; thermally treated Cellulose solution being treated; Cellulose solution being rapidly thermally treated; Rapidly thermally treated Bio-oil that has been processed; biomass liquid or thermal pyrolysis that has been rapidly thermally processed. A liquid containing less than 5% by weight of solids, for example, less than 4% by weight, less than 3% by weight, Solid content of less than 2.5% by weight, less than 2% by weight, less than 1% by weight, or less than 0.5% by weight. Having quantity; adjusted renewable fuel oil; not hydrogenated, improved Non-renewable fuel oil; pyrolytic oil or pyrolitic liquid; pyrolytic oil or pyrolitic liquid Tick ​​liquid; bio-oil or bio-oil liquid; bio-crude oil or bio-concentrate; thermal catalytic decomposition or These are thermal catalyst pyroretic oil; catalytic pyrolysis oil; catalytic pyroretic liquid; or those This may include a combination of the following. For example, in one embodiment, the renewable fuel oil is hydrodeoxidized. Undeoxygenated (non-HDO) renewable fuel oil; undeoxygenated renewable fuel Oil; unimproved renewable fuel oil; thermally treated cellulose renewable fuel Oil; rapidly thermally treated renewable fuel oil; unhydrogenated, improved Non-renewable fuel oil; pyrolytic oil or pyrolytic liquid; or pyrolytic oil or pyrolytic liquid It may contain one or more irolistic fluids.

[0078] In one embodiment, a thermal conversion process for forming suitable renewable fuel oil from biomass is performed. For example, it may include a rapid heat conversion process. In one embodiment, suitable recyclable materials are obtained from biomass. The mechanical aspects of the conversion process (sometimes referred to here as "adjustment") that forms fuel oil are; drying To crush; to grind; to remove fine particles; to remove trump metal; to separate Granulation; removal of iron; removal of some ash; filtration; screen Cleaning; centrifugal dust collection treatment; mechanically removing a large amount of solid content. This may include, but is not limited to, manipulating; or a combination thereof. For example, preparation may involve one or more of the following processes, such as drying, grinding, Removing fine particles, removing trump metal, separating particles, removing iron This involves removing some of the ash, filtering, screening, and centrifugal force collection. Passing through a dust machine, operating mechanically, coming into contact with a magnet, or passing through a magnetic field This may include allowing it to pass through. In one embodiment, the adjustment may further include water, or one or more Alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, This may include the addition of glycerol or butanol. For example, renewable fuel oil may be filtered, Cleaning, centrifugal dust collection, or mechanical operation are performed to remove large amounts of solid content. It can be adjusted by doing so. In one embodiment, to form a suitable renewable fuel oil Adjusting the biomass during the conversion process involves filtering and screening. By using centrifugal force for dust collection or by mechanically manipulating biomass, This may include removing a portion of the carbon from the mass. In one embodiment, a thermal conversion treatment or Thermomechanical conversion processes may include rapid heat conversion processes.

[0079] In one embodiment, renewable fuel oil may have a pH in the range of 0.5 to 8.0. For example, renewable fuel oil has a ratio of 0.5 to 7.0, for instance, 0.5 to 6.5, 1.0 to 6.0. pH ranges of 2.0-5.0, 3.0-7.0, 1.0-4.0, or 2.0-3.5 It may have the following characteristics. In one embodiment, the pH of the renewable fuel oil is less than 8.0, for example, 7.0 Less than, less than 6.5, less than 6.0, less than 5.5, less than 5.0, less than 4.5, less than 4.0, 3 It may be less than 0.5, less than 3.0, less than 2.5, or less than 2.0. In one embodiment The pH of renewable fuel oil is affected by external, non-biomass-derived materials, or pH adjustments. It may be modified or altered by the addition of an agent. In one embodiment, renewable fuel oil is , it can be acidic. For example, renewable fuel oil has a pH between 0.5 and 7.0, for example, 1 to 7. Between 1 and 6.5, between 2 and 5, between 2 and 3.5, between 1 and 4, between 2 and 6, or 2 It may have a pH in the range of ~5. In one embodiment, the renewable fuel oil is, for example, a bicarbonate. Like OMAS-derived pH, the conversion of biomass that can be used to produce renewable fuel oil It has the desired pH.

[0080] In one embodiment, the renewable fuel oil may have a solid content in the range of less than 5% by weight. For example, renewable fuel oil is less than 4% by weight, less than 3% by weight, less than 2.5% by weight, and 2% by weight. It has a solid content of less than %, less than 1% by weight, less than 0.5% by weight, or less than 0.1% by weight. Obtain. In one embodiment, the renewable fuel oil is obtained in an amount between 0.005% by weight and 5% by weight. It may have a range of solid content. For example, renewable fuel oil has 0.005% by weight and quadruple solids. Between amounts of %, for example, between 0.005% by weight and 3% by weight, or between 0.005% by weight and 2% by weight. Between 5% by weight, between 0.005% by weight and 2.0% by weight, between 0.005% by weight and 1. Between 0% by weight, between 0.005% by weight and 0.5% by weight, between 0.05% by weight and 4% by weight Between %, between 0.05% by weight and 2.5% by weight, between 0.05% by weight and 1% by weight, Between 0.05% by weight and 0.5% by weight, between 0.5% by weight and 3% by weight, 0.5% by weight Solid content in the range of % and 1.5% by weight, or between 0.5% and 1.0% by weight. It can possess quantity.

[0081] In one embodiment, the renewable fuel oil may have an ash content in the range of less than 0.5% by weight. For example, renewable fuel oil is less than 0.4% by weight, for example, less than 0.3% by weight, 0.2% by weight Less than %, less than 0.1% by weight, less than 0.05% by weight, less than 0.005% by weight, 0.0005 It may have an ash content of less than 0.0005% by weight. In one embodiment, the renewable fuel oil is 0.0005% by weight. Between % and 0.5% by weight, for example, between 0.0005% by weight and 0.2% by weight, 0 Between 0.0005% by weight and 0.05% by weight, or between 0.0005% by weight and 0.1% by weight It may have an ash content in the range of %.

[0082] In one embodiment, the renewable fuel oil has a water content in the range of 10 to 40% by weight. For example, renewable fuel oil contains between 15 and 35% by weight, for example, 15 to 30% by weight. Between 20-35% by weight, between 20-30% by weight, between 30-35% by weight, between 25-30 The water content may be between weight percent or between 32-33 weight percent water. In one embodiment, Renewable fuel oil must be less than 40% by weight, for example, less than 35% by weight or less than 30% by weight. It may have a water content in the range of . In one embodiment, the renewable fuel oil is at least 10 times heavy Amount in percent, for example, at least 15% by weight, at least 20% by weight, or at least 25% by weight It may contain % of the water content.

[0083] In one embodiment, the renewable fuel oil has a higher oxygen content level than the petroleum fraction raw material. It may contain oxygen at certain levels. For example, renewable fuel oil may be dry-based or anhydrous-based In a dry or anhydrous base, oxygen content levels greater than 20% by weight are present. For S, between 20-50% by weight, between 35-40% by weight, between 25-35% by weight, and between 20-30% by weight. Between % by weight, between 25 and 50% by weight, between 20 and 40% by weight, or between 20 and 35% by weight It may have oxygen content levels in the intermediate range.

[0084] In one embodiment, the renewable fuel oil has an oxygen content that is greater than the carbon content level. This can include levels such as: For example, renewable fuel oil, on a water-based basis, has a carbon content level that is lower than It may also have a high oxygen content level. In one embodiment, the renewable fuel oil is dry In a base or anhydrous base, the carbon content ranges between 35 and 80% by weight and 20 to 50 It may have an oxygen content in the range of weight percent. For example, renewable fuel oil may have an oxygen content in the dry base or It is anhydrous in nature, with a carbon content ranging from 50-60% by weight and between 35-40% by weight. It may have an oxygen content within the range of [this range].

[0085] In one embodiment, renewable fuel oil is biomass that can be the source of renewable fuel oil. It may contain carbon at a level of at least 40% by weight of the carbon content contained in it. For example, renewable fuel oil is contained in biomass from which renewable fuel oil can be derived. Carbon content of at least 45% by weight, for example, at least 50% by weight, at least 55 Weight %, at least 60% by weight, at least 65% by weight, at least 70% by weight, less 75% by weight, at least 80% by weight, at least 85% by weight, at least 90% by weight , may contain carbon at a content level of at least 95% by weight. In one embodiment, renewable Renewable fuel oil is a type of fuel oil that is derived from the carbon content of biomass that can be used as a source of renewable fuel oil. It may contain carbon at content levels ranging from 40% by weight to 100% by weight. For example, recycled Renewable fuel oil is defined by the carbon content of the biomass from which it can be derived. Between 40% and 95% by weight, for example, between 40% and 90% by weight, 40 Between % by weight and 80% by weight, between 50% by weight and 90% by weight, between 50% by weight and 75% by weight Between weight%, between 60% and 90% by weight, between 60% and 80% by weight, 70 Between % by weight and 95% by weight, between 70% by weight and 80% by weight, or 70% by weight and It may contain carbon at a content level in the range of 90% by weight. In one embodiment, renewable Fuel oil may contain carbon at a lower carbon content level than that of the petroleum fraction raw materials. For example, renewable fuel oil is in the range of 35-80% by weight, on a dry or anhydrous basis. The carbon content of the surrounding area, for example, between 40 and 75% by weight on a dry or anhydrous basis, 45 Between ~70% by weight, between 50-65% by weight, between 50-60% by weight, or between 54-58% by weight It may have carbon content levels in the range of %.

[0086] As an example, Tables 1 and 2 are, in their entirety, included by reference in a U.S. patent. No. 7,905,990, U.S. Patent No. 5,961,786 and U.S. Patent No. 5 Various suitable regenerative preparations prepared according to one or more procedures described in 792,340 This shows an analysis of possible fuel oils.

[0087] [Table 1]

[0088] [Table 2]

[0089] In one embodiment, renewable fuel oil is biomass that can be the source of renewable fuel oil. It contains energy at a level of at least 30% of the total energy content. For example, renewable fuel oil contains biomass from which it can be derived. At least 45% of the energy content, for example, at least 55%, at least 6% 0%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, small Contains at least 85%, at least 90%, and at least 95% of energy. It is possible. In one embodiment, renewable fuel oil is a by which renewable fuel oil can be derived. Energy content levels in OMAS ranging from 50% to 98% It can contain energy. For example, renewable fuel oil can be derived from renewable fuel oil. Between 50% and 90% of the energy content in biomass, 50% and 7% Between 5%, between 60% and 90%, between 60% and 80%, between 70% and 95% Energy content levels in the range of 70% and 80% or 70% and 90% It may contain ghee.

[0090] In one embodiment, renewable fuel oil is derived from petroleum fraction raw materials at an energy content level higher than that of petroleum fraction raw materials. It may also contain low levels of energy. For example, renewable fuel oil is made from petroleum raw materials. Compared to the energy content, it is between 35% and 95%, for example, compared to the energy content of petroleum raw materials. All are based on a dry basis (anhydrous basis), between 40-90%, between 45-85%, and between 50-80% Energy content levels in the range of %, 50-60%, or 54-58% It may include. In one embodiment, renewable fuel oil is compared to the energy content of petroleum raw materials. All may have energy content levels in the range of 30-90%. For example, renewable Energy-efficient fuel oils have an energy content of 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50% compared to petroleum raw materials. It may have an energy content of 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, or 85%. In one embodiment, one unit of renewable fuel oil corresponds to a cellulose renewable identification number. 0.5 to 1.5 units of fuel, for example, 0.7 to 1.5 units of cellulose renewable identification number-corresponding fuel. It may have an energy content suitable for producing 1.2 units, or 0.9 to 1.1 units. In one embodiment, one unit of renewable fuel oil is equal to 0.5 to 1.5 volume units of ethanol. For example, 0.7 to 1.2 volume units of ethanol, 0.9 to 1.1 volume units, and equivalent energy It may contain energy.

[0091] In one embodiment, the oil refining method and oil refining system are renewable fuels, renewable fuels Alternatively, an assembly section that introduces heat-treated biomass-derived liquid into the petroleum converter at a low ratio. The product and the essential oil FCC unit (more formally known as a fluid catalytic cracking unit) or Field improvement operation in which the contact time with the FCC catalyst is several seconds, for example 0.5 For example, 1 second, 1.5 seconds, 2 seconds, 2.5 seconds, 3 seconds, 3.5 seconds, 4 seconds This includes intervals of 5 seconds and times close to these, such as approximately 3 to 5 seconds. That's good too.

[0092] Renewable oils can be prepared for introduction into the oil refining process, and can also be processed into various compositions. It can be made from a substance. One such example is a process that takes less than 10 seconds, with or without catalysis. During the thermal residence time, the renewable energy generated from the rapid thermal conversion of biomass under conditions of 400°C to 600°C is produced. It may be a biodegradable oil. Examples of catalysts include ZSM-5 or other FCC catalysts.

[0093] According to one embodiment, the amount of additional heat-treated recyclable oil (in the case of an FCC unit) Examples are shown in Table 1) and less than 10% by weight (for example, between 0.05% and 10% by weight). The range is preferably greater than 1% by weight and less than 5% by weight.

[0094] In one embodiment, petroleum fraction raw materials, for example, those derived from improved petroleum, are gas oil (GO) raw materials. Raw materials, raw materials for vacuum gas oil (VGO), raw materials for heavy gas oil (HGO), raw materials for intermediate petroleum products, heavy intermediate Includes petroleum product raw materials, hydrocarbon-based raw materials, or combinations thereof. For example, stone Oil fraction raw materials include gas oil raw materials, vacuum gas oil (VGO) raw materials, heavy gas oil (HGO) raw materials, and or includes raw materials for intermediate petroleum products.

[0095] In one embodiment, a recyclable system that can be introduced into a refinery for joint processing using petroleum fraction raw materials. The amount of raw materials for functional fuel oil (RFO) is, relative to the total amount of raw materials introduced into the refinery for processing, The amount can range from 1% by weight to 20% by weight. For example, using petroleum fraction raw materials jointly The amount of renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials that can be introduced into a refinery for processing is, The total amount of raw materials introduced into the refinery's conversion unit (for example, petroleum fraction raw materials and RFO raw materials) The total can range from 1% to 15% by weight, for example, for processing The total amount of raw materials introduced into the conversion unit is 2% to 13% by weight, and 4% to 10% by weight, 5% to 8% by weight, 7% to 12% by weight, 3% to 7% by weight, This can be done. In one embodiment, a conversion unit for joint processing using petroleum fraction raw materials The amount of renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials introduced into the Knit is then introduced into the refinery for processing. It can be 1% by weight of the total amount of raw materials to be processed, for example, in an oil refinery for processing In proportion to the total amount of raw materials introduced, 2% by weight, 3% by weight, 4% by weight, 5% by weight, 6% by weight, 7% by weight Weight%, 8% by weight, 9% by weight, 10% by weight, 11% by weight, 12% by weight, 13% by weight, 14 Weight %, 15% by weight, 16% by weight, 17% by weight, 18% by weight, 19% by weight, 20% by weight It is possible. In one embodiment, a refinery for joint processing using petroleum fraction raw materials The amount of renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials introduced will be the amount of raw materials introduced into the refinery for processing. It can be at least 1% by weight and less than 20% by weight of the total amount of the material, for example. , at least 2% by weight of the total amount of raw materials introduced into the conversion unit for processing, 3 Weight%, 4% by weight, 5% by weight, 6% by weight, 7% by weight, 8% by weight, 9% by weight, 10% by weight, And it can be less than 20% by weight.

[0096] In one embodiment, processing petroleum fraction raw materials together with renewable fuel oil is a renewable fuel Compared to processing only petroleum fraction raw materials without oil, this is substantially more efficient in preparing fuel products. It has equivalent or superior performance. For example, up to 20% by weight of RFO, for example, stone Assuming the weight ratio of renewable fuel oil to oil fraction raw materials is 2:98, 5:95, and 10:90, Processing it together with the remaining petroleum fraction raw materials means processing only petroleum fraction raw materials without renewable fuel oil. Compared to managing the process, it offers substantially equivalent or superior performance in producing fuel products. It may have the following characteristics. For example, the weight ratio of renewable fuel oil to petroleum fraction raw materials can be changed from 20:80 to 0 By treating it as a range between 0.05 and 99.95, petroleum fractions without renewable fuel oil Compared to processing only the material, if it is greater than 0.1% by weight, for example 0.5% by weight, 1.0 Gasoline by weight %, 1.5% by weight, 2.0% by weight or greater It increases.

[0097] According to one embodiment, the amount of RFO is HGO (heavy gas oil), LGO (light gas oil) A variety of gas oils and VGO (vacuum gas oil) and other petroleum fractions and mixtures. / or it can be mixed with a mixture of gas oils. HGO is the FCC unit of the refinery. It could be another, lighter raw material that can be used for mixing. In a combined supply stream, or as separate supply streams, before, after, or in the introduction of gas oil. are before and after. Alternatively, the gas oil may be introduced in combination with RFO before, after, or before and after the introduction of RFO. Either or both of RFO or gas oil may be supplied as an alternative in a pulsed manner.

[0098] According to one embodiment, the amount of renewable oil may be mixed with VGO (vacuum gas oil). VGO may be a feed typically supplied to the FCC unit of an oil refinery. The mixing of renewable oil and VGO is targeted at a final measured TAN (total acid number) of less than 1.0 ( for example, in the range of 0.05 to 1.0), preferably less than 0.5 (for example, in the range of 0.05 to 0.5), more preferably less than 0.25 (for example, in the range of 0.05 to 0. 25).

[0099] According to one embodiment, the amount of renewable oil may be mixed with HGO (heavy gas oil). HGO may be another, lighter feed that can be directed to the FCC unit of an oil refinery. It can be in combination with VGO or a separate supply.

[0100] According to one embodiment, the amount of renewable oil may be mixed with a lighter petroleum fraction such as LCO or , gasoline, with or without a surfactant. The content of LCO and / or gasoline mixed with the renewable oil can be in the range of less than 10 wt% (for example, in the range of 0.005 wt% to 10 wt%), preferably in the range of less than 5 wt% (for example, in the range of 0.005 wt% to 5 wt%), more preferably in the range of less than 1 wt% ( for example, in the range of 0.005 wt% to 1 wt%).

[0101] According to one embodiment, renewable oil is obtained from the thermal or catalytic conversion of biomass, preferably Made with low water content, containing all of the liquid. Or, biomass heat or catalyst. The total liquid produced from the conversion provides a dominant non-aqueous fraction as a raw material for essential oil systems. The phases may be separated for use. Furthermore, the fraction is used in the first condenser and the second condenser. Thermally or catalytically converted biomass, such as in a fog remover, filter, or electrostatic precipitator. It may also be obtained from a unit operation of a downstream liquid collection system.

[0102] According to one embodiment, the flash point of the renewable oil is raised in order to reduce the volatile component content of the liquid. It may be processed together with petroleum raw materials at the FCC. When measured with a rose cup flash point tester (e.g., ASTM D-93), the flash point is 55°F. The temperature will be raised above the 62°C range. (Wiping film evaporator, drop film vaporizer) Generators, flammable columns, pack columns, volatile component removal containers or tanks, etc. Various methods and equipment can be used to effectively reduce volatile components of renewable oil. Due to some reductions, undesirable components such as phenol can be absorbed through the FCC reactor. This can prevent the water from reaching the concentrated water current.

[0103] In one embodiment, renewable fuels that can be introduced into a refinery for joint processing with petroleum fraction raw materials. The moisture content of the oil (RFO) raw material can be in the range of 0.05% by weight to 40% by weight. For example, renewable fuel oil (R) introduced into refineries for joint processing with petroleum fraction raw materials. FO) The moisture content of the raw material can be in the range of 1% by weight to 35% by weight, for example, 5 From weight % to 35 weight%, 10 weight % to 30 weight%, 10 weight % to 20 weight%, 10 weight From % to 15% by weight, from 15% by weight to 25% by weight, from 15% by weight to 20% by weight, 20% by weight % to 35% by weight, 20% to 30% by weight, 20% to 25% by weight, 25% by weight It is 30% by weight or 30% to 35% by weight. In one embodiment, petroleum fraction The moisture content of renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials introduced into refineries for joint processing is It can be at least 23% by weight, for example, at least 25% by weight, at 28% by weight, at least 30% by weight, at least 31% by weight, at least 32% by weight, small At least 33% by weight, or at least 35% by weight. In one embodiment, petroleum fraction The moisture content of renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials introduced into refineries for joint processing is It can be at least 1% by weight, for example, at least 10% by weight, at least 1 The amount is 5% by weight, at least 20% by weight, and at least 30% by weight. In one embodiment, petroleum Moisture content of renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials introduced into refineries for processing along with fractional raw materials. The content can be less than 38% by weight, for example, less than 35% by weight, less than 34% by weight, The percentages are less than 30% by weight, less than 25% by weight, less than 20% by weight, and less than 15% by weight.

[0104] The hydrogen form of zeolites used in FCC systems is a strong solid-based acid. It promotes the host for acid-catalyzed reactions such as isomerization, alkylation, and decomposition. The specific activity patterns of most zeolite catalysts used in scientific applications are related to the Lewis method of quantum chemistry. It is related to acid site reactions. This system modifies the decomposition or conversion of VGO in FCC operations. Can be good (i.e., synergistic), the characteristics of renewable fuel oil, that is, its TAN, that is, the acid Benefits from these properties. As a result, a shift occurs towards more light fractions, that is, desirable products , for example, the undesirable products from heavy cycle oil and purified slurry oil are reduced. [[ID=X]] [[ID=X]]

[0105] [[ID=X]] The fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCC) can be used for the conversion process in a petroleum refinery. This can be widely used to convert high-boiling, high-molecular-weight hydrocarbon fractions of crude oil into more valuable gasoline, olefin gas and other products. Catalytic cracking produces gasoline with a higher octane number. This is more olefinic than that produced by thermal cracking, and thus also produces more valuable by-product gas. [[ID=X]] [[ID=X]]

[0106] [[ID=X]] The feed to the FCC is usually a portion of crude oil that has a first boiling point of 340 °C or higher at atmospheric pressure and an average molecular weight in the range of 200 to 6 00 or greater. This portion of crude oil can often be referred to as heavy gas oil. The FCC process involves contacting the feed with a fluidized powdered catalyst at high temperature and moderate pressure to vaporize the long-chain molecules of the high-boiling hydrocarbon liquid and break them into shorter molecules. [[ID=X]] [[ID=X]] [[ID=X]]

[0107] [[ID=X]] Figure 1 shows a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. The schematic flow diagram of a typical modern FCC unit in Figure 1 is based on an "adjacent" structure. This figure shows that a renewable fuel oil feed 101 can be introduced into the system. The FCC has two or more feed injection points, at least one for the petroleum fraction feed and at least one for the renewable fuel oil feed. ​It can be designed to have both, and these raw materials can be injected together. (They are mixed upstream of the injection point), or the system uses either one of these raw materials. Alternatively, it can be adapted to multiple injection points for both or a mixture thereof. The FCC unit may be modified to include a method for introducing renewable fuel oil, for example. For example, the inlet is adjacent to a riser or some other point in the process where the catalyst may backflow. It is acceptable to provide this.

[0108] In Figures 2A and 2B, untreated renewable fuel oil 101 is shown as gas oil (GO). It may be supplied upstream or downstream of the supply inlet 201. The renewable oil raw material 101 is rye It is introduced into this part of the tavern, and thereby can be introduced downstream of the renewable oil 101. Potentially, it informs the catalyst of the properties of renewable oil and promotes GO conversion. Alternatively, renewable The oil may be introduced downstream of the GO fresh supply injection nozzle 201. Figure 2B shows a modified version. This represents a modified riser having a renewable oil raw material inlet 102. The riser is VGO Both before and after the introduction of the system, it is suitable to include multiple renewable oil raw material inlets 102. They can be combined. This is located either in front of or behind the GO filler port. It may be modified to have only one additional renewable oil feedstock inlet 102, or, This was modified to have a renewable oil raw material inlet 102 along the GO raw material supply line. It's okay.

[0109] In Figure 3, the riser quenching system delivers vaporizable oil to the VGO supply injection nozzle 201. Inject into the riser above. The recycled material can be vaporized by the catalyst. It may also function as a heatsink. The temperature control point for the riser's outlet is downstream of the rapid cooling position. Therefore, when the temperature of the riser's outlet is constant, rapid cooling can cause contact with the oil. The ratio of the medium increases. With the introduction of rapidly cooled oil, as shown in Figure 3, the mixing region and the riser It is also possible to cause the temperature to rise in one part. One embodiment (i.e., a modified embodiment) In this configuration, the renewable fuel oil raw material may be injected into the riser's quenching line.

[0110] In one embodiment, a first contaminant found in the VGO, typically supplied to the FCC The minerals include vanadium, nickel, and, to a lower degree, sodium and iron. These catalysts used in FCC can negatively affect the conversion of VGO in the reactor. It may have a tendency to absorb pollutants. It should be recycled by the FCC along with GO, for example, VGO. A further advantage of supplying renewable fuel oil is that renewable oil contains fewer of these contaminants. It can be made to contain absolutely no substances. Therefore, the useful life of the catalyst is extended, and High catalytic activity is maintained, and the conversion level is improved.

[0111] In one embodiment, the system or apparatus is a petroleum fraction raw material, renewable fuel oil or the same. It can be used to process or co-process combinations of essential oil systems, and changes Replacement units, for example, fluidized bed catalytic cracking (FCC), FCC oil refining systems, coking equipment, Coking unit, field improvement unit, hydrogenation treatment device, hydrogenation treatment unit, This may include a hydrocracking apparatus, a hydrocracking unit, or a desulfurization unit. For example, The system, device, or conversion may be an FCC unit operation or include such operation. The system or apparatus may be a coking machine or include one, and the system or apparatus may contain water A chemical processing apparatus or a system or apparatus that includes such an apparatus is a hydrocracking apparatus. Or it may include it. In one embodiment, the system or apparatus is a petroleum fraction raw material, recycled Can be used to process or jointly process possible fuel oils or combinations thereof. Yes, modified oil refining systems, for example, including modified renewable fuel oil inlets, This may include a modified essential oil system. For example, the system or apparatus may be one or more It may be adapted to include more modified, renewable fuel oil inlets. Example For example, a modified port is a stainless steel port, such as 304 or 316 stainless steel. Ports made of stainless steel, titanium, or other highly durable, corrosive materials. It can be some kind of alloy or combination.

[0112] In one embodiment, the system supplies, injects, and introduces renewable fuel oil. In relation to processing, for example, essential oil systems, for example, fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) FCC oil refining system, coking equipment, coking unit, field improvement unit, water Chemical treatment equipment, hydrogenation treatment unit, hydrocracking equipment, hydrocracking unit, desulfurization unit This includes apparatus and methods of using such apparatus, such as a modified essential oil system. For example, a refining system that processes petroleum fraction raw materials with renewable fuels is a modified refining system. Oil systems, fluidized catalytic cracking units (FCCs), modified FCCs, coke cookers, modified Coke machine, field improvement unit, hydrogenation treatment equipment, modified hydrogenation treatment equipment, This may include a hydrocracking unit or a modified hydrocracking unit.

[0113] In one embodiment, this method involves a mixing area, a nozzle, a modified port, and a modified nozzle. Renewable fuel oil is introduced into the refining system via a speed steam line or live tap. This may include bringing in, injecting, supplying, and jointly supplying. For example, This method may include processing petroleum fraction raw materials with renewable fuel oil. In this context, this process may include the joint injection of petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oil. This is, for example, a joint supply of petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oil to an oil refining system. This includes introducing, injecting, supplying, or jointly supplying, either individually or separately. For example, petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oil are placed adjacent to each other in the reactors and reaction zones of the refining system. The region, reaction riser, may be supplied, introduced, injected, provided, or co-supplied. One embodiment So, renewable fuel oil is used in areas adjacent to or upstream of the transport or injection point of petroleum fraction raw materials. Or downstream, supply, introduce, into the reactor, reaction area or reaction riser of the essential oil system. It may be injected, supplied, or co-supplied. In one embodiment, petroleum fraction feedstock and renewable fuel. Oil is introduced, transported, injected, and supplied to the refining system, reactor, reaction area, or reaction riser. They come into contact with each other during supply or joint supply. In one embodiment, petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuels. The oils then enter the oil refining system, reactor, reaction area, or reaction riser, and then come into contact with each other. In one embodiment, petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oil are injected into the refining system. They are mixed together beforehand.

[0114] Petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oil are transported to the refining system using different or similar transport systems. It may be introduced. For example, petroleum fractions and renewable fuel oil, one or more It may be introduced into the essential oil system by independent or individual injection nozzles. Petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable The fuel oils are adjacent to each other or to each other in the risers of the FCC reactor in the refining system. Renewable fuel oil may be introduced into the refining system near the fossil fuels of the refining system. The essential oil may be introduced into the essential oil system above, below, near, or adjacent to the point of introduction of the raw material. In one embodiment, a refining system suitable for introducing fossil fuel raw materials or renewable fuel oils. One or more injection nozzles may be positioned on the riser of the FCC reactor. Renewable fuel oil passes through an upward steam line located at the bottom of the riser in the FCC reactor. It may be introduced into an oil refining system. In one embodiment, the petroleum fraction raw material is injected at a first injection point. Renewable fuel oil may be introduced into the oil refining system, and at the second injection point, it is introduced into the oil refining system. It may be introduced. For example, the first injection point may be upstream of the second injection point, and the first The injection point may be downstream of the second injection point, and the first injection point may be adjacent to the second injection point. It is also possible that the first and second injection points are located in the risers of the FCC reactor. It may be placed in the riser of the reactor. In one embodiment, the renewable fuel oil is in the petroleum distillate During the conversion of the raw materials, it is introduced below the riser of the reactor, such as the riser of the FCC reactor. It may also be used. For example, renewable fuel oil is produced from the upstream and downstream points of introduction of petroleum fraction raw materials. Alternatively, it may be injected via a rapid cooling riser system in an adjacent area. In one embodiment, Renewable fuel oil is placed above, below, or adjacent to the injection nozzle for petroleum fraction feedstock. It may also be injected via a rapid cooling riser system.

[0115] In one embodiment, the prepared fuel product is a reaction between petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oil. The products of a fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus can be such that, for example, petroleum fraction raw materials and Products of a fluidized catalytic cracking unit that processes renewable fuel oil, petroleum fractions and renewable fuel oil. The products received by the fluidized catalytic cracking unit are petroleum fraction feedstock and renewable fuel in contact with the catalyst. It is a product obtained by processing a mixture with a nutrient oil.

[0116] In one embodiment, the prepared fuel product is obtained from catalytic contact of a raw material having renewable fuel oil. The resulting product composition from a fluidized bed catalytic cracking apparatus can be, for example, a petroleum fraction. Fuel compositions obtained from fuels and renewable fuel oils, for example, 80-99.95% by weight of stone Fuel compositions obtained from oil fraction raw materials and 0.05 to 20% by weight of renewable fuel oil raw materials, Alternatively, 80-99.95% by volume of petroleum fraction raw materials and 20-0.05% by volume of renewables This is a fuel composition obtained from fuel oil.

[0117] In one embodiment, a petroleum distillation is performed using a replacement amount of renewable fuel oil in the presence of a catalyst. Depending on the method of processing the fraction, for example, the yield of transported fuel may be increased or improved, and also, petroleum Equivalent energy of the feed flow compared to the same treatment when the fraction cannot be replaced with renewable fuel oil. -or an increase of at least 0.5% by weight on a carbon content basis. For example, increased, The improved transport fuel yield is for gasoline, diesel fuel, LPG, heated oil, and jet fuel. It can be used as fuel, LCO, transport fuel, and / or power fuel.

[0118] In one embodiment, in a refinery, petroleum conversion is used compared to the equivalent energy supply of petroleum fractions. Methods to improve or increase it include, in the presence of a catalyst, with renewable fuel oil, less This may include processing large quantities of petroleum fractions. For example, improving petroleum fraction raw material conversion. Alternatively, a method to increase it involves processing petroleum fraction raw materials together with renewable fuel oil raw materials in the presence of a catalyst. This may include managing the process. In one embodiment, this may include improving or increasing the yield from petroleum raw materials. The method involves processing petroleum fractions together with renewable fuel oil in the presence of a catalyst. But that's fine. For example, improved or increased fuel yields can be gasoline, diesel fuel, L It can be used as PG, heating oil, jet fuel, LCO, transport fuel, and / or power fuel. can.

[0119] In one embodiment, the method for preparing fuel involves, in the presence of a catalyst, together with renewable fuel oil raw materials. This may include processing petroleum fraction raw materials. For example, a method for preparing fuel may involve a catalyst. The invention includes providing renewable fuel oil feedstocks that are processed together with petroleum fraction feedstocks in the presence of petroleum fraction feedstocks. It is also fine. In one embodiment, a method for preparing fuel is i) in the presence of a catalyst, renewable fuel oil ii) Processing petroleum fraction raw materials together with other materials; and ii) optionally, petroleum fraction raw materials, recyclable Adjust the supply supplement ratio of fuel oil raw materials, or both, to profile specific fuel products. iii) to target the temperature of the riser or the temperature of the reaction region; or, optionally, a combination By adjusting the ratio of petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oil raw materials (catalyst:oil ratio), Targeting a specific fuel product profile, riser temperature, or reaction region temperature; here, Catalyst: The proportion of oil may be expressed by weight or volume.

[0120] For example, a method for preparing fuel is i) in the presence of a catalyst, together with renewable fuel oil raw materials, petroleum Processing of fractional raw materials; ii) Petroleum fractional raw materials, renewable fuel oil raw materials, or both, Adjust the supply surplus ratio to suit specific fuel product profiles, riser temperatures, or reaction regions. To target a temperature range; and iii) optionally, combined petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable By adjusting the ratio of fuel oil raw materials (catalyst:oil ratio), a specific fuel product profile can be achieved. The target temperature is the temperature of the reaction region; here, the ratio of catalyst to oil is determined by weight or body weight. It may also include the fact that it is a volume ratio. For example, a method for preparing fuel is i) in the presence of a catalyst, ii) Processing petroleum fraction raw materials together with renewable fuel oil raw materials; ii) Optionally, petroleum fraction raw materials Adjust the supply supplement rate of renewable fuel oil raw materials, or both, for specific fuel products. iii) Targeting the temperature of the rophage, riser, or reaction region; and iii) combination By adjusting the ratio of petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oil raw materials (catalyst:oil ratio), Target a specific fuel product profile, riser temperature, or reaction region temperature; here, touch The proportion of the medium / oil may be expressed by weight or volume. For example, when preparing fuel. The method involves i) processing petroleum fraction raw materials together with renewable fuel oil raw materials in the presence of a catalyst. (ii) Adjust the additional supply rate of petroleum fraction raw materials, renewable fuel oil raw materials, or both. This involves targeting a specific fuel product profile, riser temperature, or reaction region temperature; and iii) the proportion of combined petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oil raw materials (catalyst: oil Adjust the ratio to achieve a specific fuel product profile, riser temperature, or reaction region temperature. The aim is to achieve a certain degree; here, the ratio of catalyst to oil may be by weight or by volume. For example, this method increases or decreases the weight percentage or volume percentage of renewable fuel oil. Specific fuel product profiles, for example, gasoline, diesel fuel, LPG, heating oil, etc. LCOs, such as gasoline, LCOs, or gasoline and LCOs. This may include increasing or decreasing the catalyst:oil ratio. , supporting specific fuel product profiles, for example, gasoline, diesel fuel, L PG, heated oil, jet fuel, or LCO, for example gasoline, LCO or gasoline This may include supporting gasoline and LCOs. For example, at least A method for preparing a fuel product having 70% by volume may include the following steps: i) catalyst ii) Processing petroleum fraction raw materials together with renewable fuel oil raw materials in the presence of; and ii) at your discretion Specifically, adjust the additional supply ratio of petroleum fraction raw materials, renewable fuel oil raw materials, or both. targeting a specific fuel product profile, riser temperature, or reaction region temperature; iii) at will, the proportion of combined petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oil raw materials ( Adjust the medium (oil ratio) to create a specific fuel product profile, riser temperature, or reaction. The target temperature is the region; here, the catalyst-to-oil ratio is either by weight or by volume. For example The prepared fuels include gasoline, diesel fuel, LPG, heated oil, jet fuel, and LPG. CO can be used as a transport fuel and / or power fuel.

[0121] In one embodiment, the method involves, in the presence of a catalyst, at a refinery, together with renewable fuel oil, at a petroleum distillation site. The raw materials are processed or jointly processed to produce fuel products, such as cellulose renewables with identification numbers. This includes producing fuel products. For example, in a refinery, along with renewable fuel oil, petroleum Fuel products prepared by processing or jointly processing fractional raw materials are distilled fuels. or distilled fuel oil, heating oil, refined heating oil, heating oil distillate or refined heating oil vapor It may contain residues. In one embodiment, the prepared fuel product is one or more Transport fuels, such as high-value transport liquids, gasoline, light cycle oil (LCO), and diesel. Fuel, jet fuel, LPG (C4-C3), heated oil distillates, medium distillates, high-value medium Distilled product, combustible fuel, power fuel, generator fuel, fuel to fill generator fuel, combustible for internal combustion engines Fuel, valuable fuel or valuable fuel component, cellulose fuel, cellulose-renewable identification number Fuel compliant with the No. 1 standard, or D-class fuel in accordance with the U.S. Renewable Fuels Standards Program (RFS) regulations. (For example, fuel that satisfies D-code 1, fuel that satisfies D-code 2, fuel that satisfies D-code 3) Fuel that meets D code 4, fuel that meets D code 5, fuel that meets D code 6, D code It may also contain fuel that satisfies D7. In one embodiment, the prepared fuel product is 50-5 5 vol% gasoline, 15-20 vol% LCO, 15-20 vol% LPG, and 6 The product file may contain ~12 volume% of HCO. For example, the prepared fuel product may have 45-55 volume% gasoline, 15-20 volume% LCO, 15-20 volume% LPG, The product may also have a product file containing 6-12 volume percent of HCO. For example, in one embodiment, The prepared fuel products contain heavy cycle oil (LCO), dry gas, or coke. It does not have to be a compound. In one embodiment, the prepared fuel product is gasoline, ji With cellulose fuel, cellulose renewable fuel with identification number, or heated oil It may exist. For example, prepared fuel products include cellulose fuel, such as jet fuel. Cellulose renewable identification number eligible gasoline, heating oil, cellulose renewable identification number eligible Heating oil, cellulose renewable, cellulose fuel with identification number eligible, or meeting D code 7 It can be used as fuel.

[0122] In one embodiment, the prepared fuel product generates a cellulose renewable identification number. via fuel pathways specified in the U.S. Renewable Fuels Standards Program (RFS) They may be generated as follows: For example, the routes include a transport fuel route, a diesel fuel route, and a gasoline fuel route. Fuel route, heating oil fuel route, cellulose fuel, cellulose renewable identification number corresponding route, A route that satisfies the production, manufacture, preparation, and creation of fuels corresponding to the Lurose Renewable Identification Number, or A U.S. renewable fuels standard program for generating cellulose renewable identification numbers. It may include a fuel path that satisfies the provisions of the RFS. For example, prepared Fuel products are based on the U.S. renewable fuel standard for generating cellulose renewable identification numbers. The fuel may be one that meets the requirements of the Program (RFS), for example, cellulose renewable To generate an identification number, it must meet the requirements of the U.S. Renewable Fuels Standards Program (RFS). Suitable for substantially generating cellulose fuel or cellulose renewable identification numbers. Furthermore, it is a jointly processed essential oil product. In one embodiment, the prepared fuel product is cellulose The generation of one or more of the reproducible identification numbers, for example, satisfies the requirement of generating multiple reproducible identification numbers. It may be prepared according to a method. For example, the processed fuel product may be cellulose renewable It may be possible to create and generate an identification number. In one embodiment, Fuel products are replaceable to obtain one or more cellulose renewable identification numbers. It may be capable, tradable, or available for sale. Prepared fuel products and the process of preparing them The method is based on the renewable fuel standard program (RFS) established in the United States. It may be possible to satisfy the obligation of possible volume. For example, prepared fuel products may be made from rice. It may also meet the national renewable volume requirements. In one embodiment, the prepared fuel product Based on the amount of fuel produced that meets the definition of cellulose fuel, one or more It may be manufactured by a method that includes obtaining a cellulose renewable identification number. For example, Cellulose fuel is used in gasoline, diesel, LCO, LPG, jet fuel, or heating. It may be oil. In one embodiment, the method is to prepare a fuel product, for example, a US standard A cellulose renewable identification number corresponding to a fuel having D code 7 in accordance with the following, obtained from or to buy, sell, or exchange more cellulose renewable identification numbers. It may include that.

[0123] In one embodiment, the route for preparing fuel corresponding to a cellulose renewable identification number involves the presence of a catalyst. This may include processing petroleum fraction raw materials together with renewable fuel oil raw materials. In terms of implementation methods, the method that satisfies the Renewable Volume Obligation (RVO) in accordance with the U.S. RFS regulations is: This may also include processing petroleum fraction raw materials together with renewable fuel oil raw materials in the presence of a medium. .

[0124] Figure 4 shows a caulking unit used in this system according to one embodiment. The caulking unit converts the prepared renewable oil raw material 101 into oil. It may also be a type of conversion unit that can be used in an essential oil processing unit. This process is residual Long-chain hydrocarbon molecules in the oil residue are thermally pulverized to break them down into shorter-chain molecules.

[0125] Coke is classified into fuel grade (high in sulfur and metals) or anode grade (low in sulfur and metals). This can be done. Untreated coke that comes directly from the coking press is often immature coke. It may also be called Kusu. In this description, "immature" means unprocessed. It is baked in a rotary kiln. By further processing the immature coke, the remaining volatile hydrocarbons are extracted from the coke. It is removed. The calcined petroleum coke is anode coke with the desired shape and physical properties. To produce it, it may be further processed in an anode baking oven. The anode is It is mainly used in the aluminum and steel industries.

[0126] Crude oil extracted by field operations, such as Western Canadian oil sand, is pre-treated. Furthermore, it may be adapted to suit conventional pipeline transportation and utilization at refineries. The pre-processing may also be called "improvement" (performed by a field improvement unit), The key elements are as follows: • Remove water, sand, physical debris, and lighter products; • Hydrogenate; and • Hydrogenation is performed by carbon removal or catalytic hydrocracking (HCR).

[0127] Carbon removal is, in most cases, very inefficient and wasteful, and catalytic hydrocracking is preferable. There is something that seems suspicious.

[0128] Hydrogenation and hydrocracking are known as hydrogen treatment. The challenge lies in processing the impurities found in heavy crude oil, which means that the impurities are This is because it becomes detrimental to the catalyst over time. To guarantee high catalyst activity and long lifespan... Many efforts have been made to address this. The catalyst material and pore size distribution are important for this. These are key parameters that need to be optimized in order to take on these challenges, and these are the types of current materials. It depends on the species and varies depending on the body part.

[0129] Hydrocracking is a catalytic cracking process assisted by the presence of partially pressurized hydrogen gas. Similar to hydrogenation treatments, the function of hydrogen is to convert sulfur and nitrogen heteroatoms into carbonized water. It is about refining the basic flow.

[0130] In one embodiment, renewable fuel oil may be introduced into field improvement operations. To supply renewable fuel to any unit operation related to the improved Lud system, You may also use the method described in [reference].

[0131] In one embodiment, renewable fuel oil may be introduced into a lubricating oil refinery. Specifically, Renewable fuels are introduced into the hydrogenation section of refineries where gasoline and other transport fuels are produced. It is acceptable to use certain renewable fuels, such as vegetable oil, in addition to lubricating oil products. It may possess properties that allow for improvement or modification.

[0132] In one embodiment, renewable fuel oil is added at a ratio of 0.05 times the amount of petroleum fraction raw materials introduced. In the range of % to 20% by weight, FCC, hydrogenation unit or hydrocracking unit It may be introduced into an oil refining system, for example, depending on the amount of petroleum fraction raw material introduced. In contrast, between 0.05% by weight and 15% by weight, between 0.05% by weight and 14% by weight, and 0.0 Between 5% and 13% by weight, between 0.05% and 12% by weight, from 0.05% by weight Between 11% by weight, between 0.05% and 10% by weight, between 0.05% and 9% by weight , between 0.05% and 8% by weight, between 0.05% and 7% by weight, 0.5% by weight Between 20% by weight, between 0.5% and 15% by weight, between 0.5% and 10% by weight , between 1% and 15% by weight, between 2% and 25% by weight, between 3% and 10% by weight The amounts are between 4% and 9% by weight, and between 7% and 15% by weight.

[0133] In one embodiment, the renewable fuel oil is a combination of the introduced petroleum fraction raw materials and the renewable fuel oil. FCC, hydrogenation units in a range of 0.05% to 20% by weight relative to the total amount. It may be introduced into an essential oil system, such as a torch or hydrocracking unit, for example, The amount of petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oil used is 0.05% to 15% by weight. Between %, between 0.05% and 14% by weight, between 0.05% and 13% by weight, 0. Between 0.5% and 12% by weight, between 0.05% and 11% by weight, or 0.05% by weight Between 10% by weight, between 0.05% and 9% by weight, between 0.05% and 8% by weight , between 0.05% and 7% by weight, between 0.5% and 20% by weight, 0.5% by weight Between 15% by weight, between 0.5% and 10% by weight, between 1% and 15% by weight, 2 Between 25% by weight and 3% by weight and 10% by weight, between 4% by weight and 9% by weight, It is between 7% and 15% by weight.

[0134] In one embodiment, a method for preparing a fuel product involves using 80-99.95g of a catalyst in the presence of a catalyst. This includes processing % petroleum fraction raw materials and 20-0.05% by weight of renewable fuel oil. This method is also good. For example, this method uses 80% by weight petroleum fraction as feedstock and 20% by weight renewable fuel. This may include processing of feedstocks, for example, 85% by weight of petroleum fraction feedstock and 15% by weight of feedstock. % renewable fuel oil, 90% by weight petroleum fraction raw materials and 10% by weight renewable fuel oil, 9 5% by weight petroleum fraction raw materials and 5% by weight renewable fuel oil, 98% by weight petroleum fraction raw materials and 2% by weight of renewable fuel oil, or 99.5% by weight of petroleum fraction raw materials and 0.5% by weight It is a renewable fuel oil by volume %. In one embodiment, the method for preparing the fuel product is 80:20 Petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oil are processed in a weight ratio ranging from 99.95:0.05. This may include processing. For example, this method can be done in a weight ratio in the range of 98:2, for example. Petroleum fractions in weight proportions ranging from 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, or 80:20. This may also include processing fuel and renewable fuel oil. In one embodiment, the fuel product is prepared The manufacturing method involves using 20-0.05% by weight of renewable fuel relative to the amount of petroleum fraction raw material being processed. The process may include processing the fuel oil. In one embodiment, the method for preparing a fuel product is processing 20-0.05% by weight of recycled petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oil. The process may include processing the fuel oil. In one embodiment, the method for preparing the fuel product is In addition, 20 to 0.05 volume percent of renewable fuel oil is processed relative to the volume of petroleum fraction raw materials to be processed. This may include the following: In one embodiment, a method for preparing a fuel product is a petroleum that is processed. Renewable fuels in an amount of 20-0.05% by volume relative to the total volume of fractional raw materials and renewable fuel oil. This may include processing the oil.

[0135] In one embodiment, the amount of petroleum fraction introduced into the refining system is relative to the amount of catalyst used. The total amount of fuel and renewable fuel oil, i.e., introduced into the refining system, The total amount of combined petroleum fraction raw materials and renewable fuel oils that come into contact with the catalyst used in the process The weight ratio of the two (sometimes referred to as the "catalyst to oil ratio" or "catalyst:oil ratio") is 4:1 It can be in the range of 4:1 to 15:1. For example, the catalyst-to-oil ratio can be 4:1 to 13: Between 1, for example, between 5:1 and 10:1, between 5:1 and 9:1, between 6:1 and 8:1 The ratio can be between 4:1 and 7:1, or between 6:1 and 7:1. For example, the catalyst-to-oil ratio is 4:1, for example, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1. It can be 10:1, 11:1, 12:1, 13:1, 14:1, or 15:1. .

[0136] In one embodiment, renewable fuel oil (RFO) is supplied to a refinery for joint processing with petroleum fraction raw materials. Before introducing raw materials, the Renewable Fuel Oil (RFO) raw materials are processed as Renewable Fuel Oil ( As a means of preparing the raw materials (RFO), vegetable-based oil, alcohol, or other cellulose It may be mixed with materials derived from s. In one embodiment, water from renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials. The content is less than 20% by weight, for example, less than 15% by weight, less than 10% by weight, or 5% by weight. If less than [amount missing], the raw materials for renewable fuel oil (RFO) can be vegetable-based oils, alcohol, or It may be mixed with other cellulose-derived materials. For example, less than 20% by weight or 15% by weight. Renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials with a moisture content of less than % must be processed before being introduced into the refinery. One or more alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, etc. It may be mixed with propyl alcohol, glycerol, or butanol.

[0137] According to one embodiment, a mixture of renewable oil and alcohol or vegetable-based oil is also Before injecting into the essential oil system, including FCC, the petroleum materials are mixed with or without surfactants. They may be combined.

[0138] According to one embodiment, recycled products from downstream or other unit operations in the refinery , a mixed material source having renewable oil before injection into the essential oil system or FCC It is possible.

[0139] According to one embodiment, renewable oil or renewable fuel is emulsified with petroleum fraction-based fuel. It can then be introduced into essential oil processing. Emulsification can be achieved mechanically, and also, This can be achieved using an appropriate chemical emulsifying medium.

[0140] According to one embodiment, the system processes biomass or renewable raw materials to produce any This involves transferring the material to a pyrolysis system. The reactor system is then injected with the prepared renewable raw materials. Examples of systems include, but are not limited to, jet downflow and ablative reactors. (live reactor), transport bed, fluid bed, screw or auger system, and rotation Includes a rotating cone. A feature of the rapid pyrolysis reactor for maximum oil production is the tuned regenerative This involves rapid heating of the raw materials and rapid quenching of the produced steam. A more detailed discussion of rapid pyrolysis is needed. This will be found in the background information section of this specification.

[0141] Figure 5 shows an example of an improved supply injection system used in the system according to one embodiment. This indicates that the supply nozzle is modified for the characteristics of the adjusted renewable fuel feedstock 101. It is necessary to inject renewable oil to improve the current system. If the slack hasn't been adjusted yet, the nozzle can be converted to stainless steel or other suitable metallurgical material. It may also be used.

[0142] In one embodiment, the modified renewable fuel oil is referred to here as ZSM-5. It can be used in FCC units that use catalysts. ZSM-5 carbonizes biomass. It can be shown to be a preferred catalyst for conversion to hydrogen.

[0143] Figure 6 shows an example of an FCC unit with a dual riser according to one embodiment. A pair of riser systems includes at least one input element for introducing petroleum fractions and a regeneration system. It may have at least one element for introducing fuel oil, and they may come into contact It can be processed in contact with a medium. Another embodiment is recyclable To provide at least one element for introducing fuel oil, which then come into contact with the catalyst and cooperate It may include a dual riser system that can be modified to be processed. Raw material 101 is the second of the two risers of the FCC (as shown in Figure 6) It contains renewable fuel oil that can be supplied to [the region].

[0144] The contact time between the raw material and the catalyst is the residence time in the riser and the residence time in the riser termination system. This may include time. For example, in one embodiment, the residence time in the riser is approximately 2-3 seconds. It can be set to an interval, and separately, the residence time in the riser termination system is approximately 1-2 seconds. This allows the total contact time of the catalyst to be approximately 3 to 5 seconds. For example, the raw materials may be allowed to interact with the catalyst for a longer time than 2 seconds, for example. , greater than 3 seconds, greater than 4 seconds, for example, 3-7 seconds or 2-4 seconds or 3 It lasts for approximately 5 seconds.

[0145] In another embodiment, the oil is recycled into an oil refinery FCC unit that can process petroleum fractions simultaneously. Methods and systems for introducing available fuel or renewable fuel oil, and the contact time of the FCC catalyst. However, the duration is longer than 3 seconds, for example, 3 to 7 seconds or 3 to 5 seconds.

[0146] According to one embodiment, RFO in an oil refinery FCC unit capable of processing petroleum fractions The additional proportion is, relative to the total weight of RFOs from petroleum fractions and thermally produced renewable oils, The amount can be less than 10% by weight (for example, in the range of 0.05% to 10% by weight), The contact time between the FCC catalyst and the renewable oil is greater than 3 seconds.

[0147] In one embodiment, the FCC unit uses steam to raise the catalyst, and further, A diluent can be provided for controlling the residence time. Rising steam is from the bottom of the unit. , and / or enter the riser of the FCC reactor through nozzles on the sides of the reactor. Yes, these nozzles can handle raw materials (RFO feeding, GO feeding, or both RFO and GO feeding). It may be placed below the (method), above the raw material, or together with the raw material.

[0148] In one embodiment, due to the properties of renewable fuel oil, the RFO material is introduced into the FCC unit. Employ a transport system that is separated from the incoming petroleum raw material supply port (or assembly). However, it can be beneficial. Individual transport systems transfer renewable oil from storage units. This may include preheating and transporting to an appropriate injection point in the FCC. Renewable oil To ensure contact with the hydrocarbon feedstock, the introduction point is typically at the bottom of the FCC riser. It may be located near the petroleum raw material injection nozzle, which is positioned in the one-third of the side.

[0149] According to one embodiment, the recyclable oil rises adjacent to the bottom of the riser of the FCC reactor. It may be introduced into the air line, for example, below the center of the riser. Alternative implementation In terms of form, the renewable oil may be placed upstream or downstream of the hydrocarbon injection point in a high-speed vapor lye. It may be introduced into. According to a further embodiment, the renewable oil is one or more steam A spray nozzle that can be inserted into a gas line or introduced into a recycled rising steam line. It may be introduced through [a specific method / platform].

[0150] According to one embodiment, the proportion of renewable oil added is in the lower 3 minutes of the riser of the FCC reactor. To each transport system (i.e., separated from the hydrocarbon transport system) Therefore, it may be controlled. According to an alternative embodiment, the additional proportion of renewable oil is one or This may be controlled by individual transport systems for multiple rising steam lines. According to this embodiment, the proportion of renewable oil added is the lower third of the riser of the FCC reactor. It may be controlled by individual transport systems to one of the available ports. According to the alternative embodiment, the additional proportion of renewable oil is controlled by the individual transport system. They may be used separately or together with hydrocarbons in a hydrocarbon nozzle or injector. It may be introduced as a single unit.

[0151] In one embodiment, this method includes the steps of producing a renewable oil-based raw material and This is a step in which a sodium oil-based raw material is introduced into the essential oil system, and here the essential oil system changes The replacement unit includes a fluidized catalytic cracking unit, a coking unit, a field improvement system, and a lubricating oil refinery. A group consisting of a refractory apparatus, a hydrocracking apparatus, and a hydrotreatment unit may be selected. The process involves the steps of: 1) processing renewable oil-based raw materials together with petroleum fraction raw materials. This method may include (i) rapid thermal conversion of biomass, (ii) a step of producing renewable oil-based raw materials, and (ii) a step of using the renewable oil-based raw materials in an essential oil system. This may include steps to adjust the system so that it can be implemented in the system. The preparation of the raw materials based on bioavailable oil involves adjusting the ash content to a range of 0.005% to 0.5% by weight. To adjust; to adjust the pH to a range of 2.0 to 8.0, for example, 2.0 to 6.0; This may include adjusting the moisture content to a range of 0.05% by weight to 30% by weight. In one embodiment, the petroleum fraction raw material used in this method can be VGO. In one embodiment, this method uses a catalytic reaction of a fluidized bed catalytic cracking unit to process renewable oil raw materials. This may include injecting into a riser having a fluid. For example, renewable oil raw materials are fluid. The renewable oil raw material may be injected upstream of the VGO intake of the catalytic cracking unit. It may be injected downstream of the VGO intake of the fluidized catalytic cracking unit, and is a renewable oil raw material. It may be injected into the quenching line of the riser of a fluid catalytic cracking unit, and renewable oil The material is injected into the second of the two risers of the fluid catalytic cracking unit. This is also good. In one embodiment, this system is a production facility that produces renewable oil-based raw materials. And, in the oil refining system, the oil refining system is a fluidized bed catalytic cracking apparatus and a coking apparatus. Field improvement systems, lubricating oil refineries, hydrocracking units, and hydrotreatment units It can include an essential oil system, which can be selected from a conversion unit consisting of the following: Here, renewable oil-based raw materials can be introduced into the refining system, and also, Potential oil-based raw materials can be processed together with petroleum fraction raw materials in the refining system. [Examples]

[0152] Using various amounts of renewable fuel liquids, different equipment, various petroleum-based raw materials and F The evaluation was conducted using a CC catalyst. The majority of the tests were performed using Advanced Crackin In the g Evaluation (ACE) FCC unit, a typical commercially produced This involved processing renewable fuel oil along with the gas oil. Equipped with a commercially available equilibrium catalyst, The Microactivity Test Reactor (MAT), which is a fluidized bed, An evaluation was conducted.

[0153] [Example 1] (Evaluation equipment) Co-processing of petroleum fraction raw materials and various amounts of renewable fuel oil (RFO), (or, for comparison) (Processing of petroleum distillate raw materials only) Model R+ Kayser Technology Advanced Cracking Evaluation (ACE) FCC Unit (In this specification, referred to as "ACE evaluation unit" or "FCC unit") The experiment was then carried out using an FCC catalyst.

[0154] The ACE evaluation unit enables the accurate execution of complex operations without operator intervention. It has the hardware and software to do so. The reactor is a circle that gradually narrows It was constructed from a stainless steel tube with an inner diameter of 1.6 cm and a conical bottom. The diluent (nitrogen) used to fluidize the catalyst is used as a stripping gas in the catalyst's fluidity. It also plays the role of [this]. The raw material introduced into the ACE evaluation unit for decomposition is at the bottom of the fluidized bed. The substance was supplied from the top, which had an outlet nearby, through the tube of the injector. The position of the injector was such that it could react to the We used a measurement of approximately 2.86 cm from the bottom of the container.

[0155] The ACE evaluation unit is a single reactor (including batch processing to fluidize catalyst particles). Using a circulating operation, a commercially available FCC unit: (a) Riser reactor - the raw materials covering the catalyst (b) Injection; (c) Catalyst stripper - catalyst stripping within a specific period; (d) Regeneration - higher Each of the following steps was simulated: catalyst regeneration using air at the specified temperature.

[0156] The reactor was kept in the heating furnace during the addition and recovery of the catalyst. Each evaluation operation was performed under atmospheric pressure. The experiment was conducted under reactor temperature conditions of 510°C (950°F). A constant load of 9 The equilibrium catalyst is g, and the injection time of the raw material is changed at a constant injection rate of 1.2 g / min. Using a variable time in the stream method, the ratio of a predetermined catalyst to oil is controlled. Obtained. The temperature for regenerating the fluidized bed was maintained at 712°C (1313°F).

[0157] (Ingredients or combinations of ingredients) U.S. Law No. 7,905, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In accordance with U.S. Patent No. 990, U.S. Patent No. 5,961,786 and U.S. Patent No. 5,792,340. The renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials used in the following examples are used in industrial high-speed It was produced by the rapid heat treatment of waste materials in the pyrolysis process. Renewable fuel oil (R The characteristics of the FO (Food Intake) raw materials are summarized in Table 1 below.

[0158] [Table 3]

[0159] Each individual, independent evaluation is conducted at the ACE evaluation unit, and the following raw materials or raw materials are evaluated. The combination was processed or co-processed (by supplying or supplying together): (1) As petroleum fraction raw material, 100% by weight of untreated vacuum gas oil (VGO) raw material. (referred to herein as "VGO raw materials"); (2) 98% by weight of VGO raw materials and 2% by weight of renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials; (3) 95% by weight of VGO raw materials and 5% by weight of renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials; and , (4) 90% by weight of VGO raw materials and 10% by weight of renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials. Each of these raw materials and combinations of raw materials undergoes a certain decomposition at 510°C (950°F). The samples were treated or co-treated using an ACE evaluation unit at various temperatures.

[0160] (Ratio of catalyst to oil) For each of these raw materials or combinations of raw materials, within the range of 4:1 to 11.25:1, More specifically, different ratios such as 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, and 11.25:1. Several operations were performed using different catalyst-to-oil ratios ("catalyst / oil ratio"). .

[0161] (analysis) In the ACE evaluation unit, raw materials or combinations of raw materials are processed or co-processed. Each of the liquid samples obtained was collected and used for analysis. The analysis was then performed using gas chromatography. The coke content was determined according to the evaluation procedure. The amount of carbon dioxide generated during the regeneration process was quantified by analyzing the amount of carbon dioxide produced in each operation. The ACE evaluation results for dry gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG, C3-C4), and gas Solin (C5-221℃), light cycle oil (LCO, 221-343℃), heavy thaw It includes the conversion and yield of coke oil (HCO3, 343℃+) and coke. The change in the combination of raw materials is due to the amount of raw materials or combination of raw materials, and the boiling point above 221°C. By calculating the difference between the amount of unconverted material defined as the product of the rising liquid, It was quantified.

[0162] The quality of the raw materials supplied to the FCC unit is one factor that affects the yield and quality of the product. It is well known that this can be a major factor in the ACE evaluation. The same VGO raw material was used from start to finish. Therefore, the results disclosed herein The term "fruit" can be used as a relative term, but when using other alternative FCC raw materials... It does not necessarily represent the absolute yield that can be obtained. Furthermore, the results disclosed herein relate particularly to yield evaluation data for VGO control. This is very suggestive in terms of the trend toward transformation.

[0163] (Normalization or equivalence of raw materials or combinations of raw materials) The curves between conversion and yield, expressed on an equivalent energy supply basis or an equivalent carbon supply basis, are Renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials in FCC-type units (ACE evaluation units) This demonstrates unexpected effects resulting from various combinations of VGO raw materials. Fuel oil (RFO) raw materials have approximately half the carbon and energy content of VGO raw materials. (relative to equivalent weight). For example, 98% VGO raw materials and 2% renewable The results from the combination of fuel oil (RFO) as a raw material are those of 100% VGO raw material. In comparison, 2% by weight of renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials is equivalent to 2% by weight of VGO It can be substituted for the raw material, and it contains approximately 1% less carbon and 1% less ethanol. Energy can be used in the FCC unit for subsequent conversion to the desired product. This means that, in the case of a combination of 2% by weight renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials, If an equal amount of the total quantity or volume is supplied to the FCC unit, the renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw material The carbon and energy of the material are in the same proportion as the carbon and energy of the VGO raw material. If the fuel is converted to solin, it is expected that gasoline yields will decrease by about 1% as a result. That is possible. However, the gasoline yield will decrease to less than 1%, and in this case, The phenomenon occurs at all levels of substitution (i.e., 2% by weight, 5% by weight, and 10% by weight reproduction). This was observed for combinations of RFO (Refuse Fuel Oil) feedstocks. Therefore, the supply amount was observed for FC If it is expressed based on the equivalent amount of carbon or energy to the C unit (i.e., High-quality VGO raw materials, or a combination of VGO raw materials and renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials Regardless of which of the (blend) is supplied, the supply of carbon or energy (Maintaining a constant level), combining renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials with VGO raw materials When blended, it can result in a measurable increase in gasoline yield. When expressed based on a certain amount of carbon or energy supplied to the FCC, the weight or The total volume of supply is expected to increase as renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials are replaced. This is suggested under these conditions: a combination of 2% by weight of renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials. In the case of blending, approximately 1% additional amount is supplied to the FCC unit. However, this may be required to obtain the same amount of carbon and energy supply as 100% VGO supply. Regarding the addition of volume, if we consider the density difference between VGO and RFO, FCC units Less than 1% of a combination (blend) of 2% by weight of renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials No volume is added, and the same carbon or energy as high-quality VGO raw materials for FCC units. This can occur in order to obtain the supply quantity.

[0164] The conversion-yield curves disclosed herein are also obtained from the ACE evaluation unit. The energy and carbon content of the supplied raw materials were combined, and the yield was measured by weight in an experiment. This was achieved by using data. On an energy equivalent supply basis, by weight The yield is divided according to the energy supply of the raw materials, which is the raw material for renewable fuel oil (RFO). This can be due to the effect of the proportion of added material, and as a unit of energy, one barrel of oil equivalent (BOE) That is, 5.8 million BTU was used. The gasoline yield was equivalent energy supply. It could be expressed in both a carbon-equal and carbon-equal supply basis. Carbon equivalence is effectively energy supply It can be the same as the base and can be calculated from weight data obtained in a similar manner. However, it can generally be clearer and easier to understand than an equivalent energy-based approach.

[0165] The data discussed in this section is the ratio of catalyst to oil in the ACE evaluation unit ( As a function of the medium / oil ratio, the combination of high-quality VGO raw materials and renewable fuel oil (RFO) raw materials Conversion of combinations or blends (2% by weight, 5% by weight, and 10% by weight), as well as gaso Phosphorus, LPG, dry gas, light cycle oil (LCO), heavy cycle oil (HCO) And clarify the yield of each of the coke. Octane number (research grade octane) Renewable fuel oil in various quantities (both motor-grade octane and motor-grade octane) The effects of combining or blending RFO raw materials with VGO raw materials are also described herein. It has been disclosed.

[0166] (Effect of RFO blend on conversion) The purpose of this embodiment is to convert the raw materials, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, to VGO or RFO / From the supply volume of VGO blends, light cycle oil (LCO) and heavy cycle oil (H This is the yield obtained by subtracting the weight of both CO2. The VGO or RFO used was used. The reaction temperature of FCC with respect to VGO, the weight of the catalyst, and the contact time with the catalyst are all kept constant. Then, by changing only the catalyst:oil ratio, data on ACE conversion was obtained.

[0167] Figure 7 shows increased conversion of all feeds at larger catalyst-to-oil ratios based on weight. This shows that in all cases for the purposes of this embodiment, the RFO is used as a VGO raw material. When additives were added, a shift in the curve was observed, resulting in an increase in weight conversion. As the amount of RFO in the VGO blend increases, small amounts of LCO and HCO are generated. It was done. At a catalyst:oil ratio of 8:1, the blend of RFO in VGO was 2 to 10 times heavier. When the quantity changes to a percentage, an increase in conversions related to VGO conversion of approximately 0.7 to 1.4% is observed. As previously shown, the energy content of RFO is approximately half that of VGO. Since it can be minutes, another way to represent the conversion is based on the equivalent energy supply. Obtained. In Figure 8, the conversion of VGO / RFO raw materials is dramatic as the RFO substitution ratio increases. It appears to be increasing.

[0168] (Effect of RFO blend on gasoline yield) The main objective of FCC operations is to achieve optimal gasoline yield, and this is the focus of the considerations. For example, the fractions of gasoline can be defined by their boiling point of 5°C - 221°C. Figure 9 shows various fractions. This shows the gasoline yield as a result of the catalyst-oil ratio's effect on the supply. Up to the maximum value of approximately 7:1 to 8:1, as the catalyst:oil ratio increases, the gasoline yield initially... An increase was observed in the following conditions. Catalyst: Further increases in the oil ratio were observed in the set reactor conditions. In this case, the decrease in gasoline yield that can be attributed to overcracking is It was concluded.

[0169] In this study, regarding the gasoline yield for various RFO blends, the supply With respect to energy, when equivalent amounts of VGO and RFO / VGO can be processed in the FCC, A significant increase in net gasoline yield was observed. Generally, RFO in VGO supply As the blend increases from 2% by weight to 10% by weight, a measurable, consistent gasoline An increase in the yield of n may occur. In addition, in this example, the reference VGO (approximately 8:1) and In comparison, the maximum gasoline yield is achieved at a significantly lower catalyst-to-oil ratio (approximately 7:1). It can be seen that this is manifesting itself.

[0170] Gasoline yield is defined as the amount of carbon in the raw materials that can be converted into gasoline. It can also be expressed as follows: Similar to the energy content basis, RFO is the carbon content. It is less than VGO. Therefore, in this embodiment, as the ratio of RFO increases, F The CC unit supplies less carbon (less carbon, which is beneficial for the conversion to gasoline). (It becomes usable). Gasoline yield is based on the supply of carbon that is converted into gasoline. Therefore, the synergistic effect of co-processing with RFO can be easily demonstrated.

[0171] More specifically, when using energy content, in this test, RFO is VG It has approximately half the carbon content of O. The reference VGO is approximately 87% by weight of carbon. It contains the raw material and is used in blends of 2% by weight, 5% by weight, and 10% by weight of RFO. The carbon content is 86.1%, 84.7%, and 82.5%, respectively. The gasoline yield, expressed on a carbon supply basis, is shown in Figure 10 in the ACE evaluation unit. This is expressed as the effect of the catalyst:oil ratio. In this example, the RFO substitute is double When the concentration is increased from % by volume to 10% by weight, a significant and consistent increase in gasoline yield is observed. These yields were obtained without the addition of RFO in the blend, in VGO. More carbon can be produced as a by-product of gasoline, and as a result, in other respects, in this case This indicates that RFO is capable of breaking down in a way that is favorable for gasoline production. It can have a synergistic effect on either the chemical reaction or the catalytic activity.

[0172] (Effect of RFO blend on liquid petroleum gas (LPG) yield) In the FCC operation, LPG (defined as a C3+C4 hydrocarbon) undergoes alkylation. Furthermore, because it contains components that can be used as raw materials for petrochemical products, it is a valuable product. This can be considered. In this embodiment, the increase in the RFO blend in VGO is LPG This results in an increase in yield (based on a constant energy supply base), and this effect is shown in Figure 11. This trend is maintained even based on a constant supply of carbon to the FCC, and the addition of RFOs This suggests prioritizing a higher carbon conversion to LPG.

[0173] (Effect of RFO blend on dry gas yield) In this embodiment, the dry gas is H2, H2S, carbon dioxide, and C1-C2 carbon It can be defined as the total amount of hydrogen dioxide. In good FCC operation, these are kept to a minimum. Regarding gas compression, the excess dry gas product can interfere with the operation of downstream plants. This is because it can lead to limitations. The effect of dry gas on yield is as predicted, as shown in Figure 12. As the catalyst: oil ratio increases, the yield of dry gas increases. Equivalent energy supply Based on quantity (i.e., the RFO / VGO blend provides the energy of the reference VGO), The ratio of RFO addition (evaluating that it has a similar energy supply to the supply amount) As the amount increased, an increase in the production of dry gas was observed. All of the examples in this embodiment In this case, the main components of the dry gas were ethylene, methane, and ethane.

[0174] (Effect of RFO on light cycle oil (LCO) yield) In this embodiment, the light cycle oil (LCO) is used between 221 and 343°C. These boiling liquids can be defined as such, and the value of this production depends on the location and purpose of reproduction. It may exist. Generally, in North America, LCOs are not considered desirable. However, in times and places where gasoline demand is not high, the FCC unit is diesel. It can be used as a source of LCO from intermediate fraction distillation, which can improve the quality of gasoline and No. 2 gasoline. In this embodiment, the RFO blend to the LCO product on an equivalent energy supply basis The effect (Figure 13) is not relatively clear at the level of 2 wt% RFO addition, but at 5 wt% In the addition of % by volume and 10% by weight of RFO, equivalent energy supply (or carbon supply) A measurable increase in the LCO product represented by the base was observed.

[0175] (Effect of RFO on heavy-cycle oil (HCO3) yield) In this example, heavy-cycle oil (HCO) is odorless between 343°C and 525°C. It can be defined as the liquid obtained by distillation. This material generally has a relatively high aroma. It is an unconvertible product with a fragrance group and potentially high sulfur content, and is relatively undesirable. It may be considered by the refinery as a good thing. If possible, VC in the FCC unit. The product of HCO from O should be minimized. In this example, as shown in Figure 14. Thus, the proportion of the HCO product is 2% by weight or 5% by weight of RFO in the VGO feedstock. The addition of (by weight) did not significantly affect the result, but 10% by weight of RFO The increase in HCO3 products in the alternative was clearly observed on an energy supply basis.

[0176] (Effect of RFO on coke yield) In FCC operations, coke provides process heating to propel the reaction. Therefore, it is commonly used. However, the increase in coke products ultimately leads to FCC This disrupts the unit's thermal balance, resulting in higher temperatures in the catalyst regenerator. The effect of the RFO blend on the coke products in this example is shown in Figure 15.

[0177] Figure 15 shows the coke yield in this example compared to a blend with less RFO (i.e., However, at 2% and 5% by weight, the impact is not so dramatic. However, a 10 wt% blend of RFO resulted in a measurable increase in coke products. This indicates that...

[0178] (Effect of RFO on gasoline yield based on a supply volume of 10,000 bbl / day) ) The primary objective in FCC operations is typically to achieve optimal gasoline yield. For the purposes of this study, the gasoline fraction is defined as having a boiling point of 5°C - 221°C. This is possible. Figure 16 shows the gasoline yield relative to the catalyst:oil ratio, for various supply conditions. Various based on a water-free RFO basis with a consistent supply of 10,000 bbl / day A blend of raw materials is used. RFO / VGO blend supplied at 10,000 bbl / day. The fact that the amount of energy and carbon in the supply is less than the reference VGO Nevertheless, the gasoline yield in this embodiment is higher than that of the reference VGO feedstock. It appears to be unexpectedly high. In particular, in this embodiment, the alternative to RFO At a very high level, a dramatic improvement in gasoline yield was observed.

[0179] (Evaluation of gallons of gasoline produced per ton of RFO) Using the gallons of gasoline produced per ton of VGO as a reference, RFO / VG We compared the gallons of gasoline produced per ton of O, and per ton of RFO. We evaluated the contribution of the generated gasoline to the gallons. Figure 17 shows the alternatives to RFO. This shows the ratio of gallons of gasoline to 1 ton of RFO as an effect of the level. In the example, as the level of substitution changes from 2% by weight to 10% by weight, 1% of RFO The amount of gasoline produced per unit increased. When converted to the initial biomass... The gasoline yield per ton of biomass is at a higher level of RFO alternative. And it exceeded 90 gals / ton.

[0180] (Volume of raw material supplied relative to equivalent energy RFO / VGO blend) When refineries operate, transport, supply, and process liquid petroleum, they typically do so on a volume basis. Perform the operation. Therefore, when considering the addition of RFO to the gasoline yield in VGO In order to conduct fair and impartial comparisons, energy equivalent basis and carbon equivalent basis At least one of the two (i.e., derived from an equal amount of supplied carbon or supplied energy), Measure the yield using the respective gasoline yields from VGO and RFO. This can be important. In addition, in this example, RFO has approximately half the carbon of VGO. and energy, and in this embodiment, the volume of the additional raw material is small. The total should have been supplied to the FCC when blending RFO with VGO. This was to maintain an equal amount of carbon or energy supplied.

[0181] In this embodiment, a constant supply of carbon or energy to the FCC unit is maintained. Regarding the amount of additional volume of RFO / VGO blend that should be added to achieve this, This is shown in Figure 18. In this example, a surprisingly small amount of RFO / VGO blend was used. The additional volume was only needed to be added to compensate. This volume was the most It may be in small amounts, and in this example, if RFO can become much more concentrated than VGO, then the volume The effect decreases proportionally to the increase in the total, and additional weight of VGO can be added. .

[0182] Figure 18 shows that in this embodiment, only 2% by weight of the RFO blend in VGO is used. To supply the same energy or carbon to the FCC as a high-quality (100%) VGO, This indicates that a 0.8% increase in volume was necessary. In other words, a good quality 1 For every 00 barrels of VGO, 100.8 barrels of 2% by weight RFO blend is used. This may be required to supply equivalent energy or carbon to the CC unit. In the example, what was unpredictable was the FCC evaluated in the ACE evaluation unit. Throughout a typical range of operating conditions, gasoline yield increases by more than 0.8%. That is what happened.

[0183] In this example, 5% by weight of the RFO blend in VGO, i.e., only 2% by volume. The addition of this can maintain the same energy or carbon supply as a high-quality VGO. 100 For each high-quality VGO barrel, use an equivalent 5% RFO blend from 102 barrels. This will be supplied to the FCC to maintain the supply of energy or carbon. Gasoline yields are more than 2% throughout the ACE evaluation range.

[0184] [Example 2] Evaluation equipment: Co-processing of renewable fuel oil (RFO) and petroleum fraction raw materials (or, for comparison) The processing of only petroleum fraction raw materials is performed in a fluidized bed Microactivity Test r eactor (MAT) unit (hereinafter referred to as "MAT evaluation unit") This was carried out by ( ) and used commercially available equilibrium catalysts.

[0185] A biomass-derived liquid having properties similar to those shown in Table 1 is subjected to a commercially available rapid heating method. Obtained from the conversion plant, here, for a short period (typically less than 5 seconds), warm The waste material was thermally decomposed at a certain temperature, resulting in a yield of approximately 70-80% by weight of liquid. Fuel oil (HGO) and a 5% by weight RFO blend are injected over a constant oil injection time of 30 seconds. At 510°C (950°F), an equilibrium catalyst similar to that used in Example 1 was used for MAT evaluation. It was thermally decomposed by the valence units.

[0186] In this example, the dry gas is H2, H2S, CO, CO2, and C1-C2 carbon. It consisted of hydrogen citrate. The yield of dry gas increased exponentially with the conversion. In the conversion obtained in the example, the two raw materials yielded almost the same dry gas. This resulted in the detection of only CO2, not CO, between the two raw materials mentioned above. For blends in conversion involving 0.02-0.08 wt% CO2 and 65-75 wt% Higher yields indicated oxidation, a form of decomposition or combustion, in the blend. However, However, throughout this study, the blend, in some cases, undergoes the formation of water, resulting in 0.06 This produced less H2, down to a weight percentage.

[0187] Generally speaking, gasoline (boiling point of C5 - 221°C) is the most important in FCC operations. This is the most preferred product. In this embodiment, in the conversion obtained, Until it exceeds 70% by weight, the blend will reduce the gasoline yield by less than 1% by weight. It was observed that the level was lowered to a certain extent. What should be noted here is that the blend itself is 1.33 (RFO portion) (Calculated from analysis) It contains approximately 1.90% by weight of water (Table 1), which is a decrease in gasoline. I was able to explain it to some extent. For this special blend, 75-80% by weight Overcracking was observed during the transition.

[0188] Gasoline yield can also be expressed in terms of volume flow rate per unit time (Figure 19). In the examples, a catalyst:oil ratio of 4 to 9:1 (i.e., a typical FCC unit) is used. Compared to the gasoline yield derived from the processing of the reference HFO through the operating range, RF The gasoline yield relative to O / HFO was shown to be unexpectedly high.

[0189] (Coke) In FCC operations, coke is generally used to preheat and decompose the raw materials. It is necessary to supply the catalyst. However, too much coke can seriously damage the catalyst. Furthermore, during catalyst regeneration, excessive load is placed on the blower, and excessively high temperatures are drawn into the regenerator. It awakens. The blend has a higher Conradson residual carbon content of 0.27% by weight. Nevertheless, during the evaluation, both raw materials were similar to dry gas, and in the resulting conversion, almost all of them were similar. The same coke yield was obtained for each.

[0190] (oxygen) For the purposes of this embodiment, the distribution of oxygen in the gaseous and liquid products should also be considered. For example, in this example, most of the oxygen in the blend after decomposition is H As it is generated as 2O (74.6-94.1% by weight), the remainder forms CO2. (0.7-5.3% by weight). The liquid product was analyzed for oxygen content, but the detection limit was (0 It appeared to be lower than 0.25% by weight.

[0191] The purpose of this embodiment is to generally (1) a blend containing 5% by weight of RFO Catalytic cracking results in the production of water and carbon dioxide; (2) the ratio of the obtained material and base oil In comparison, the blend achieves a higher conversion rate of 1-3% by weight using a catalyst:oil ratio. (3) In the resulting conversion, the blend is more LPG and gasoline than base oil. This results in lower yields and is suitable for dry gas, light cycle oil (diesel), and heavy cycle oil. The yields of coke and other raw materials were approximately the same for the two raw materials mentioned above. However, in the blend, the dry gas components have a higher CO2 content, but a lower H2 content. (4) Evaluation of gasoline yield at the point of the refiner flow (i.e., Yield by volume based on a constant volume of supply (Example 10,000 bbl / day) is lower Catalyst: Through the oil ratio, the yield in the RFO blend is higher than that of the reference HFO, and water The yield of gasoline and other valuable components based on an RFO base that does not include reference H It was shown that it appears to be more than FO; (5) After decomposition, the amount of oxygen in the blend Part of it is produced as H2O, the remainder is accompanied by the formation of CO2, and the liquid product contains oxygen. Analysis of the quantity revealed that it was below the detection limit; (6) RFO and HGO yield When compared based on the amount of equivalent energy supplied to the MAT system, the amount derived from RFO The yields of gasoline and LPG are higher than the corresponding yields derived from 100% HGO. .

[0192] [Example 3] A series of vacuum gasoline (VGO) samples and 5% by weight renewable fuel oil (RFO) blend The product was decomposed using a MAT evaluation unit under conditions similar to those in Example 2. The VGO used in step 2 is called FHR CAT raw material and has a pH of 0.9196 at 15.6°C. It has a density of g / mL. RFO itself has a density of 1.198 g / mL and 26.58 It had a moisture content of (weight %). The VGO of 5 wt% RFO used in Table 3 This blend is referred to as 5% by weight RFO in FHR CF, and 0 at 15.6℃ It has a density of 0.9243 g / mL. The VGO of the 5 wt% RFO used In 100 lbs of the blend, the moisture content was approximately 1.329 lbs. Analysis, qualitative findings, and results for VGO are shown in Tables 2, 3 (as supply base) and 4. (Summary of the purification flow) is shown, and the blend of 5 wt% RFO in VGO The analysis, qualitative findings, and results are presented in Tables 5 and 6 (as a supply basis) and Table 7. (Water-free supply base), Table 8 (Summary of purification flow), and Table 9 are RFO supply. This is a calculation of gasoline gallons based on quantity.

[0193] [Table 4]

[0194] [Table 5]

[0195] [Table 6]

[0196] [Table 7]

[0197] [Table 8]

[0198] [Table 9]

[0199] [Table 10]

[0200] [Table 11]

[0201] In the above specification, specific embodiments are shown for illustrative purposes only, and / Or illustrated. The diversity of various aspects of the embodiment is due to the components and practices described elsewhere. It should be understood that this can be combined with the form, scope, type, etc. Example For example, there are embodiments that discuss the processing of RFOs, which are discussed herein, and / or Any type of RFO shown is an RFO in which a certain embodiment is described in the specification. Even if it cannot be clearly shown using a specific type of FO, such embodiments may be substituted. It should be understood that they are called / or combined.

[0202] On the other hand, numerous embodiments of the present invention are shown and described herein, It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided solely through examples. Subsequent claims, or additions and / or additions to this application, either hereby or in the future. The scope of the claims, which may be amended here or in other countries and territories, is the scope of the claims. Within this, the scope of the invention, its method and structure, the product and its use are defined, As a result, it is intended that these will be distributed equally. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0203] [Figure 1] This shows a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. [Figure 2A] This demonstrates an exemplary conversion unit. [Figure 2B] The diagram shows an exemplary conversion unit fitted to two different locations (either one or the other, or both) suitable for introducing renewable fuel oil (RFO) feedstock, with either an inlet or two (102). [Figure 3] This demonstrates riser rapid cooling technology. [Figure 4] This shows the coking unit. [Figure 5] This shows the fuel injection system. [Figure 6]This shows an FCC unit with a double riser. [Figure 7] Catalyst: This graph shows the effect of the oil ratio and the RFO concentration in VGO on the conversion (mass basis). [Figure 8] Catalyst: This graph shows the effect of the oil ratio and the RFO concentration in VGO on the overall conversion (based on equivalent energy input). [Figure 9] This graph shows the effect of oil ratio and RFO concentration in VGO on gasoline yield (energy equivalent supply basis). [Figure 10] This graph shows the effect of catalyst oil ratio and RFO concentration in VGO on gasoline yield as a function of the fuel's carbon content (carbon equivalent supply basis). [Figure 11] This graph shows the effect of catalyst oil ratio and RFO concentration in VGO on LPG yield (equivalent energy supply basis). [Figure 12] This graph shows the effect of catalyst oil ratio and RFO concentration in VGO on dry gas yield (equivalent energy supply basis). [Figure 13] This graph shows the effect of catalyst oil ratio and RFO concentration in VGO on LCO yield (equivalent energy supply basis). [Figure 14] This graph shows the effect of catalyst oil ratio and RFO concentration in VGO on HCO yield (equivalent energy supply basis). [Figure 15] Catalyst: This graph shows the effect of the oil ratio and the RFO concentration in VGO on coke yield (equivalent energy supply basis). [Figure 16] This graph shows the gasoline yield acting as the oil ratio (10,000 bbls / day, anhydrous basis) for RFO replacement and catalyst. [Figure 17] This graph shows the ratio of gasoline gallons / tons of RFO acting as a replacement and catalyst for RFO (weight % contribution using standard VGO). [Figure 18]This graph shows the effect of catalyst oil ratio and RFO concentration in VGO on gasoline yield (on a volumetric supply basis to the FCC unit). [Figure 19] This graph shows the effect of catalyst oil ratio and RFO concentration in HGO on gasoline yield (fuel base of 10,000 bbls / day).

Claims

[Claim 1] Novel products, methods, and methods of manufacture substantially described in this specification.

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