Shrinkager

Abstract

To provide a fractional condenser equipped with a compact heat exchanger block that offers excellent distillation performance. [Solution] A partial condenser 100 is provided with a heat exchanger block 1 having an evaporation passage 20 through which an evaporating liquid flows, and a condensation passage 50 through which the supplied steam condenses by heat exchange with the liquid flowing through the evaporation passage 20. The condensation passage 50 consists of a partial condensation passage 40 through which partial condensation of steam flowing upward within the heat exchanger block 1 and distillation by countercurrent gas-liquid contact between the steam and the condensate occur, and a total condensation passage 30 through which total condensation of steam flowing downward within the heat exchanger block 1 occurs.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a partial condenser equipped with a heat exchanger block that has a compact structure while possessing excellent distillation performance. [Background technology]

[0002] A partial condenser is used as a separation device or a condenser for partially condensing steam. Such partial condensers utilize a plate-fin type heat exchanger, in which the evaporation passage and the partial condensation passage are formed by plates and fins.

[0003] In a condenser, a liquid is supplied as a refrigerant to the evaporation passage, and a multi-component vapor is introduced into the condenser from the bottom. The vapor introduced into the condenser is partially liquefied through heat exchange with the refrigerant in the evaporation passage, and mass transfer occurs as the vapor and liquid come into contact in a countercurrent. As a result, the vapor rises while concentrating its low-boiling-point components, and the resulting liquid descends while concentrating its high-boiling-point components.

[0004] On the other hand, a total condenser is used as a condenser to condense steam. A total condenser employs a plate fin type heat exchanger and consists of an evaporation passage and a total condensation passage. Steam is introduced into the total condensation passage from the top, and through heat exchange with the cold fluid in the evaporation passage, the entire amount is liquefied and discharged from the bottom.

[0005] Conventionally, a partial condenser consisting of a heat exchanger block comprising an evaporation passage and a partial condensation passage is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a partial condenser comprising a heat exchanger block comprising an evaporation passage and a partial condensation passage, and a container for immersing the heat exchanger block and storing the liquid flowing into the evaporation passage. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 7308237 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0007] In the condenser described in Patent Document 1, steam is introduced into the condenser passage from the bottom of the heat exchanger block. As this steam rises through the condenser passage, it is partially condensed. The condenser passage is configured such that the condensate flows downward without being carried away by the upward flow, and distillation occurs within the condenser passage as the steam and condensate flow in a countercurrent.

[0008] In the type of condenser described in Patent Document 1, for example, a phenomenon called flooding can occur, in which the condensate is not able to flow down the condensation passage because it is accompanied by the upward flow. For this reason, in the type of condenser described in Patent Document 1, the flow velocity of the condensation passage is limited so that the condensate is not unable to flow down the condensation passage because it is accompanied by the upward flow, that is, so that flooding does not occur. As mentioned above, limiting the flow velocity of the condensation passage has the problem of increasing the cross-sectional area of ​​the heat exchanger block and also increasing the size of the container surrounding the heat exchanger block.

[0009] Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a condenser equipped with a heat exchanger block that has a compact structure while possessing excellent distillation performance. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] To achieve the above objective, the present invention provides the following means. [1] A partial condenser comprising a heat exchanger block having an evaporation passage through which a liquid to be evaporated flows and a condensation passage through which the supplied steam condenses by heat exchange with the liquid flowing through the evaporation passage, A partial condenser, characterized in that the condensation passage comprises a partial condensation channel in which partial condensation of steam flowing upward within the heat exchanger block and distillation by counter-flow gas-liquid contact between the steam and the condensate occur, and a total condensation channel in which total condensation of steam flowing downward within the heat exchanger block occurs. [2] The heat exchanger block is characterized in that it is constructed in a block shape by alternately stacking the evaporation passages and condensation passages, which consist of plates and fins, as described in [1]. [3] The evaporation passage has a liquid inlet opening for supplying liquid to the evaporation passage at the lower part of the stacked surface of the passage where the evaporation passage and the condensing passage are stacked on the side surface of the heat exchanger block, and a gas-liquid two-phase flow opening for discharging the gas-liquid two-phase flow at the upper part of the stacked surface of the heat exchanger block, and a header disposed to cover the liquid inlet opening and the gas-liquid two-phase flow opening. The condensation channel has a condensation inlet opening for supplying steam and discharging liquid on the bottom surface of the heat exchanger block and a condensation inlet header disposed to cover the condensation inlet opening, and a condensation outlet opening for discharging residual steam on the top surface of the heat exchanger block and a condensation outlet header disposed to cover the condensation outlet opening. The partial condenser according to [2], characterized in that the total condensation channel has a total condensation inlet opening for supplying steam and a total condensation inlet header disposed to cover the total condensation inlet opening on the top surface of the heat exchanger block, and a total condensation outlet opening for discharging liquid and a total condensation outlet header disposed to cover the total condensation outlet opening at the lower part of the stacked surface of the heat exchanger block. [4] The heat exchanger block is further immersed in a container and a container for storing the liquid flowing into the evaporation passage, The evaporation passage has a liquid inlet opening for supplying liquid to the evaporation passage at the lower part of the stacked surface of the passage where the evaporation passage and the condensing passage are stacked on the side surface of the heat exchanger block, and a gas-liquid two-phase flow opening for discharging the gas-liquid two-phase flow at the upper part of the stacked surface of the heat exchanger block. The condensation channel has a condensation inlet opening for supplying steam and discharging liquid on the bottom surface of the heat exchanger block and a condensation inlet header disposed to cover the condensation inlet opening, and a condensation outlet opening for discharging residual steam on the top surface of the heat exchanger block and a condensation outlet header disposed to cover the condensation outlet opening. The partial condenser according to [2], wherein the total condensation channel has, on the top surface of the heat exchanger block, a total condensation introduction opening for supplying steam and a total condensation introduction header arranged to cover the total condensation introduction opening, and has, at a lower part of the laminated surface of the heat exchanger block, a total condensation discharge opening for discharging liquid and a total condensation discharge header arranged to cover the total condensation discharge opening. [5] The evaporation passage comprises: a liquid introduction channel that upwardly distributes a liquid supplied from a lower part of the laminated surface of the heat exchanger block; and a gas-liquid two-phase flow discharge channel that collects the upward-flowing gas-liquid two-phase flow at an upper part of the evaporation passage and discharges the collected flow from an upper part of the laminated surface, the partial condensation channel comprises: a partial condensation steam introduction channel provided on a bottom surface side of the heat exchanger block; and a steam discharge channel for collecting residual steam on a part of the top surface of the heat exchanger block, The partial condenser according to [4], wherein the total condensation channel comprises: a total condensation steam introduction channel for distributing steam supplied from a part of the top surface of the heat exchanger block in a width direction of the total condensation channel; and a liquid discharge channel for collecting liquid flowing downward through the total condensation channel and discharging the collected liquid from a lower part of the laminated surface of the heat exchanger block. [6] The partial condenser according to [5], wherein a liquid discharge pipe for taking out liquid is connected to the total condensation discharge header that is arranged at a lower part of the laminated surface of the heat exchanger block and discharges liquid from the total condensation channel, and the connected liquid discharge pipe is provided with a valve. [7] The evaporation passage comprises: a liquid introduction channel that upwardly distributes a liquid supplied from a lower part of the laminated surface of the heat exchanger block; and a gas-liquid two-phase flow discharge channel for discharging the upward-flowing gas-liquid two-phase flow from an upper part of the laminated surface at an upper part of the evaporation passage, the partial condensation channel comprises: a partial condensation steam introduction channel provided on a bottom surface side of the heat exchanger block; and a steam discharge channel for collecting residual steam on a part of the top surface of the heat exchanger block, The entire condensing flow path comprises a total condensation steam introduction flow path for distributing steam supplied from a part of the top surface of the heat exchanger block in the width direction of the entire condensing flow path, and a total condensation outlet opening provided on the bottom surface side of the heat exchanger block. The partial condenser according to [4], characterized in that: Effects of the Invention

[0011] According to the present invention, there is provided a partial condenser including a heat exchanger block having a compact structure while exhibiting excellent distillation performance. In particular, the partial condenser of the present invention includes a heat exchanger block having an evaporation passage and a condensation passage composed of a total condensation flow path and a partial condensation flow path, so that a compact structure is achieved while having excellent distillation performance. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0012] [Figure 1] It is a partially transparent perspective view schematically showing the schematic configuration of the partial condenser according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] It is a plan view schematically showing the partial condenser shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 3] It is an explanatory diagram for explaining the configuration of the evaporation passage, the total condensation flow path, and the partial condensation flow path in the partial condenser shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 4] It is a plan view schematically showing the schematic configuration of the partial condenser according to the second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] It is an explanatory diagram for explaining the configuration of the evaporation passage, the total condensation flow path, and the partial condensation flow path in the partial condenser shown in FIG. 4. [Figure 6] It is a correlation diagram regarding the flooding occurrence limit of liquid load and vapor load. Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0013] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on preferred embodiments.

[0014] <First Embodiment> The first embodiment of the partial condenser of the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 3. Figure 1 is a schematic partial perspective view showing the general configuration of the partial condenser of the first embodiment, and Figure 2 is a schematic plan view showing the partial condenser shown in Figure 1. Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the configuration of the evaporation passage, the total condensation passage, and the partial condensation passage in the partial condenser shown in Figure 1. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the partial condenser 100 of this embodiment is a partial condenser 1 equipped with a heat exchanger block 1 having an evaporation passage 20 through which the liquid to be evaporated flows, and a condensation passage 50 through which the supplied steam condenses by heat exchange with the liquid flowing through the evaporation passage 20. In the partial condenser 100 of this embodiment, the heat exchanger block 1 is surrounded by a container 2 for storing the cold fluid flowing into the evaporation passage 20.

[0015] In the partial condenser 100 of this embodiment, the condensation passage 50 of the heat exchanger block 1 is composed of a partial condensation passage 40 and a total condensation passage 30. The partial condensation passage 40 is a passage within the condensation passage 50 configured to allow for partial condensation of steam flowing upward within the heat exchanger block 1 and distillation by countercurrent gas-liquid contact between the steam and the condensate. The total condensation passage 30 is a passage within the condensation passage 50 configured to allow for total condensation of steam flowing downward within the heat exchanger block 1. In other words, the heat exchanger block 1 has a total of three types of passages, as shown in Figure 3: an evaporation passage 20 and the total condensation passage 30 and partial condensation passage 40 as the condensation passage 50. Hereinafter, the evaporation passage 20, total condensation passage 30 and partial condensation passage 40 of the heat exchanger block 1 may be collectively referred to simply as "the passage".

[0016] "Upward" refers to the direction from the bottom surface to the top surface of the heat exchanger block 1. "Downward" refers to the direction from the top surface to the bottom surface of the heat exchanger block 1. For example, when a fluid flows upward within the heat exchanger block 1, it means that the fluid flows from the bottom surface to the top surface of the heat exchanger block 1. When a fluid flows downward within the heat exchanger block 1, it means that the fluid flows from the top surface to the bottom surface of the heat exchanger block 1.

[0017] The bottom surface of the heat exchanger block 1 is the surface of the top and bottom of the heat exchanger block 1 on which the fractional compression inlet opening 44 of the fractional compression channel 40, described later, is provided. The top surface of the heat exchanger block 1 is the surface of the top and bottom of the heat exchanger block 1 on which the fractional compression outlet opening 41 of the fractional compression channel 40, described later, is provided. When the heat exchanger block 1 is placed, upward is the direction directed vertically upward, and downward is the direction directed vertically downward.

[0018] In the partial condenser 100 of this embodiment, the heat exchanger block 1 is preferably constructed in a block shape by alternately stacking evaporation passages 20 and condensation passages 50, each consisting of plates and fins. For example, in the partial condenser 100 of this embodiment, the condensation passage 50, which consists of evaporation passages 20, total condensation passages 30 and partial condensation passages 40 that constitute the heat exchanger block 1, is formed by alternately stacking plates and fins. In Figure 3, the direction of the lines indicated for the evaporation passages 20, total condensation passages 30 and partial condensation passages 40 indicates the direction of the fins provided in each of the passages 20, 30 and 40.

[0019] In this embodiment, the condenser 100 has a heat exchanger block 1 surrounded by a container 2 for storing liquid flowing into the evaporation passage 20. The liquid flowing into the evaporation passage 20 can be, for example, a cold fluid. The container 2 is for immersing the heat exchanger block 1 and storing the liquid flowing into the evaporation passage 20, and a gas discharge pipe 26 for discharging gas from inside the container 2 is provided at the top of the container 2. In addition, a liquid supply pipe 27 for supplying liquid into the container 2 is provided on the side of the container 2, and a liquid discharge pipe 28 for discharging the liquid inside the container 2 is provided at the bottom.

[0020] The evaporation passage 20 is provided extending from the lower to the upper part of the heat exchanger block 1. The evaporation passage 20 has a liquid inlet opening 24 for supplying liquid to the evaporation passage 20 at the lower part of the stacked surface of passages 20, 30, and 40 on the side surface of the heat exchanger block 1 in which the evaporation passage 20 and the condensation passage 50 are stacked, and a gas-liquid two-phase flow opening 21 for discharging the gas-liquid two-phase flow at the upper part of the aforementioned stacked surface of the heat exchanger block 1.

[0021] The condensation passage 50 is a passage for condensing and liquefying the supplied steam through heat exchange with the liquid flowing through the evaporation passage 20. As described above, the condensation passage 50 includes two types of passages: a partial condensation passage 40 in which partial condensation of steam flowing upward within the heat exchanger block 1 and distillation by countercurrent gas-liquid contact between the steam and the condensate occur, and a total condensation passage 30 in which total condensation of steam flowing downward within the heat exchanger block 1 occurs. In the heat exchanger block 1 of the partial condenser 100 of this embodiment, when the evaporation passage 20 and the condensation passage 50 are stacked alternately, the partial condensation passage 40 and the total condensation passage 30, which constitute the condensation passage 50, are stacked alternately adjacent to the evaporation passage 20.

[0022] The total contraction channel 30 is provided extending from the lower to the upper part of the heat exchanger block 1. In the partial contraction unit 100 of this embodiment, evaporation passages 20 are arranged adjacent to both sides of one total contraction channel 30, and the total contraction channel 30 is sandwiched between the two evaporation passages 20, forming part of the heat exchanger block 1. The total contraction channel 30 has a total contraction inlet opening 31 for supplying steam and a total contraction inlet header 3 arranged to cover the total contraction inlet opening 31 on the top surface of the heat exchanger block 1. Furthermore, the total contraction channel 30 has a total contraction outlet opening 34 for discharging liquid and a total contraction outlet header 36 arranged to cover the total contraction outlet opening 34 on the lower part of the stacked surface of the heat exchanger block 1.

[0023] The partial condensation channel 40 is provided extending from the lower to the upper part of the heat exchanger block 1. In the partial condenser 100 of this embodiment, evaporation passages 20 are arranged adjacent to both sides of one partial condensation channel 40, and the partial condensation channel 40 is sandwiched between the two evaporation passages 20, forming part of the heat exchanger block 1. The partial condensation channel 40 and the total condensation channel 30, which serve as condensation passages 50, are stacked alternately with the evaporation passages 20. In the partial condenser 100 of this embodiment, as described above, the heat exchanger block 1 is constructed by stacking the partial condensation channel 40 and the total condensation channel 30 alternately with the evaporation passages 20, but for example, the partial condensation channel 40 and the total condensation channel 30 do not necessarily have to be arranged alternately, as long as the evaporation passages 20 and condensation passages 50 are stacked alternately. For example, the heat exchanger block 1 may be constructed by increasing the number of one of the condensing passages 50, namely the partial condensation passages 40 and the total condensation passages 30, and stacking such condensing passages 50 and evaporation passages 20 alternately. The partial condensation passage 40 has a partial condensation inlet opening 44 for supplying steam and discharging liquid, and a partial condensation inlet header 4 disposed to cover the partial condensation inlet opening 44, on the bottom surface of the heat exchanger block 1. Furthermore, the partial condensation passage 40 has a partial condensation outlet opening 41 for discharging residual steam, and a partial condensation outlet header 45 disposed to cover the partial condensation outlet opening 41, on the top surface of the heat exchanger block 1.

[0024] Here, from the perspective of the overall structure of heat exchanger block 1, the configurations of the evaporation passage 20, the total condensation passage 30, and the partial condensation passage 40 described so far will be explained in more detail with reference to Figures 1 to 3.

[0025] First, the bottom surface of the heat exchanger block 1 is provided with a partial condensation inlet opening 44 for supplying steam to the partial condensation channel 40, and a partial condensation inlet header 4 so as to cover this partial condensation inlet opening 44. On the other hand, the top surface of the heat exchanger block 1 is provided with a partial condensation outlet opening 41 for extracting steam from the partial condensation channel 40, and a partial condensation outlet header 45 so as to cover this partial condensation outlet opening 41. Furthermore, the top surface of the heat exchanger block 1 is provided with a total condensation inlet opening 31 for supplying steam to the total condensation channel 30, and a total condensation inlet header 3 so as to cover this total condensation inlet opening 31.

[0026] Furthermore, a full-contraction outlet opening 34 for extracting liquid from the full-contraction channel 30 and a full-contraction outlet header 36 covering the full-contraction outlet opening 34 are provided at the lower part of the stacked surface of the heat exchanger block 1. A liquid inlet opening 24 for supplying liquid to the evaporation channel 20 is provided at the lower part of the stacked surface of the heat exchanger block 1 opposite to the stacked surface where the full-contraction outlet opening 34 is provided. In addition, gas-liquid two-phase flow openings 21 for discharging the gas-liquid two-phase flow from the evaporation channel 20 are provided on both sides of the upper part of the stacked surface of the heat exchanger block 1.

[0027] The partial condenser 100 of this embodiment is equipped with a heat exchanger block 1 having an evaporation passage 20 and a condensation passage 50 composed of a total condensation passage 30 and a partial condensation passage 40. Therefore, it has excellent distillation performance while achieving a compact structure. For this reason, compared to conventional partial condensers that have a heat exchanger block in which evaporation passages and partial condensation passages as condensation passages are alternately stacked, the partial condenser 100 of this embodiment can suppress the occurrence of flooding and reduce the area required for installation, etc. The area required for installation, etc. of the partial condenser 100 is also called the "footprint" of the partial condenser 100.

[0028] [Operation Description] Next, the operation of the fractional reducer 100 of this embodiment, configured as described above, will be explained with reference to Figures 1 to 3.

[0029] A refrigerant liquid (hereinafter also referred to as "cold fluid") is supplied to the container 2 from the liquid supply pipe 27, and the supplied cold fluid is stored in the container 2. The cold fluid flows in from the liquid inlet opening 24 provided at the bottom of the stacked surface of the evaporation passage 20 and is distributed upward in the liquid inlet channel 23 of the evaporation passage 20.

[0030] The fluid introduced into the evaporation passage 20 and distributed upward receives heat from the partial contraction passage 40 and the total contraction passage 30, causing a portion of it to evaporate. This evaporation causes the density of the fluid flowing through the evaporation passage 20 to become less than the density of the liquid stored in the container 2, resulting in an upward flow. The upward fluid flow is collected in the gas-liquid two-phase flow outlet passage 22 and returned to the container 2 as a gas-liquid two-phase fluid through the gas-liquid two-phase flow opening 21 at the top of the stacked surface of the heat exchanger block 1. The resulting gas, i.e., the gas contained in the gas-liquid two-phase fluid, is discharged from the gas discharge pipe 26 of the container 2, and the liquid is stored again in the container 2.

[0031] Meanwhile, a portion of the multi-component steam supplied as a hot fluid flows from the fractional condensation steam introduction channel 43 at the bottom of the heat exchanger block 1 into the fractional condensation channel 40 via a pipe 46 connected to the bottom plate 25 of the container 2 and a fractional condensation introduction header 4, and rises within the fractional condensation channel 40. As the steam rises within the fractional condensation channel 40, a portion condenses due to heat exchange with the fluid flowing through the evaporation passage 20, generating a descending liquid. Countercurrent contact occurs between the rising gas and the descending liquid, and as the steam rises, the low-boiling point components become concentrated and are aggregated on a portion of the top surface of the heat exchanger block 1 via the steam outlet channel 42. The aggregated low-boiling point components are removed from the container 2 via the fractional condensation outlet opening 41, through the fractional condensation outlet header 45, and through a pipe 47 connected to the fractional condensation outlet header 45.

[0032] On the other hand, the liquid generated by condensation in the fractional condensation channel 40 becomes concentrated with high-boiling-point components as it descends, and is then discharged via the fractional condensation steam introduction channel 43 and the fractional condensation introduction header 4.

[0033] Furthermore, of the multi-component steam supplied as a hot fluid, the steam that passes through the fully contracted steam inlet pipe 37 flows in through the fully contracted inlet header 3 at the top of the heat exchanger block 1 and into the fully contracted inlet opening 31, and is distributed to the fully contracted steam inlet passage 30 via the fully contracted steam inlet passage 32. The fully contracted steam inlet passage 32 is for distributing the steam supplied from a part of the top surface of the heat exchanger block 1 in the width direction of the fully contracted steam inlet passage 30. The steam distributed to the fully contracted steam inlet passage 30 descends while condensing completely through heat exchange with the fluid flowing through the evaporation passage 20, and is collected in the liquid outlet passage 33. The liquid generated by condensation in the fully contracted steam inlet passage 30 is taken out of the container 2 via the fully contracted outlet opening 34 at the bottom of the stacked surface of the heat exchanger block 1, through the fully contracted outlet header 36, and into the fully contracted liquid outlet pipe 38 connected to the fully contracted outlet header 36.

[0034] While not particularly limited, for example, by providing a control valve 39 in the total condensation liquid outlet pipe 38, the flow rate of liquid discharged from the total condensation passage 30 and the liquid level within the total condensation passage 30 can be adjusted by the degree of opening of the control valve. In other words, the heat transfer area of ​​the total condensation passage 30 can be adjusted by the degree of opening of the control valve 39, and the flow rate of gas flowing into the total condensation passage 30 can be adjusted.

[0035] The partial condenser 100 of this embodiment includes a heat exchanger block 1 having an evaporation passage 20 and a condensation passage 50 composed of a total condensation passage 30 and a partial condensation passage 40, thereby achieving a compact structure while possessing excellent distillation performance.

[0036] <Second Embodiment> Next, a partial condenser of a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 4 and 5. Figure 4 is a schematic plan view showing the general configuration of the partial condenser of the second embodiment, and Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the configuration of the evaporation passage, the total condensation passage, and the partial condensation passage in the partial condenser shown in Figure 4. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the partial condenser 200 of this embodiment is a partial condenser 200 equipped with a heat exchanger block 1 having an evaporation passage 20 through which the liquid to be evaporated flows, and a condensation passage 50 through which the supplied steam condenses by heat exchange with the liquid flowing through the evaporation passage 20.

[0037] The partial condenser 200 of this embodiment, like the partial condenser 100 of the first embodiment described above (see Figure 1), has a condensation passage 50 in the heat exchanger block 1 that consists of a partial condensation passage 40 in which partial condensation of steam flowing upward within the heat exchanger block 1 and distillation by countercurrent gas-liquid contact between the steam and the condensate occur, and a total condensation passage 30 in which total condensation of steam flowing downward within the heat exchanger block 1 occurs.

[0038] In this embodiment, the partial condenser 200 is configured such that the partial condensation introduction header 4 of the heat exchanger block 1 also serves as the liquid outlet for the total condensation channel 30, in addition to the steam inlet and liquid outlet for the partial condensation channel 40. The fluid flow in the partial condensation channel 40 is the same as that of the partial condenser 100 of the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3 described above. The configuration of the evaporation passage 20 and the fluid flow in the evaporation passage 20 are also the same as those of the partial condenser 100 of the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3 described above. In the second embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for parts that are the same as those in the first embodiment, and their descriptions may be omitted.

[0039] On the other hand, in the whole-contraction channel 30 of the partial-contractor 200 of this embodiment, steam that flows in from the whole-contraction steam introduction pipe 37 through the whole-contraction introduction header 3 provided at the top of the heat exchanger block 1 condenses as it descends through heat exchange with the evaporation passage 20, and is discharged through the whole-contraction outlet opening 35 on the bottom surface of the heat exchanger block 1 via the partial-contraction introduction header 4. That is, in the partial-contractor 100 of the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, the whole-contraction channel 30 had a whole-contraction outlet opening 34 for discharging liquid and a whole-contraction outlet header 36 arranged to cover the whole-contraction outlet opening 34 at the lower part of the stacked surface of the heat exchanger block 1, but in the partial-contractor 200 of this embodiment, the whole-contraction channel 30 has a whole-contraction outlet opening 35 on the bottom surface of the heat exchanger block 1. Therefore, the partial shrinker 200 of this embodiment does not require a total shrinkage output header 36 provided at the bottom of the stacked surface of the heat exchanger block 1, as in the partial shrinker 100 of the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2. This allows for a further reduction in the diameter of the container 2 and a reduction in the footprint of the partial shrinker 200.

[0040] <Other Embodiments> Up to this point, the partial condenser of the present invention has been described as the first embodiment, the partial condenser 100 shown in Figures 1 to 3, and the second embodiment, the partial condenser 200 shown in Figures 4 to 5. However, the partial condenser of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. For example, the partial condenser of the first embodiment (see Figure 1) and the partial condenser of the second embodiment (see Figure 4) comprise a heat exchanger block 1 and a container 2 for storing the liquid flowing into the evaporation passage 20. However, in the partial condenser of the present invention, the container 2 surrounding the heat exchanger block 1 is an arbitrary component. That is, the partial condenser of the present invention may not comprise a container 2 surrounding the heat exchanger block 1, as long as it comprises a heat exchanger block 1 having an evaporation passage 20 and a condensation passage 50 composed of a total condensation passage 30 and a partial condensation passage 40.

[0041] For example, the condenser of the present invention, although not shown in the figures, may have a header on at least one side in the width direction perpendicular to the stacking direction of the heat exchanger block, covering both the opening for supplying liquid to the evaporation passage and the opening for discharging the gas-liquid two-phase flow, and defining the internal space with the side and the inner circumferential surface of the liquid reservoir. By providing such a header, the liquid that serves as the refrigerant can be properly flowed into the evaporation passage 20 even without the container 2 (see Figure 1) described above. For example, it may have a header that is arranged to cover the liquid introduction opening 24 (see Figure 1) for supplying liquid to the evaporation passage 20 (see Figure 1) and the gas-liquid two-phase flow opening 21 (see Figure 1), and has a header for storing the liquid supplied to the evaporation passage. In another configuration, for example, it may be configured to cover a liquid inlet opening 24 (see Figure 1) for supplying liquid to the evaporation passage 20 (see Figure 1), and to have a header (not shown) for introducing liquid into the liquid inlet opening 24, and to cover a gas-liquid two-phase flow opening 21 (see Figure 1) for discharging the gas-liquid two-phase flow from the evaporation passage 20 (see Figure 1), and to have a header for guiding the gas-liquid two-phase flow and a connecting section for allowing flow between both headers. [Examples]

[0042] Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples.

[0043] [Experiment 1: Flooding occurrence limit] Gas and liquid were caused to flow countercurrently through 100 mm-wide fins, and the state of gas-liquid flow was observed by changing the load of gas and liquid flowing through the fins. Specifically, first, 100 mm-wide fins used for forming each passage of a heat exchanger block were prepared. Saturated vapor of nitrogen and dichloropentafluoropropane (HCFC-225) as a gas phase, and dichloropentafluoropropane (HCFC-225) as a liquid phase were caused to flow countercurrently through the prepared fins. The state of gas-liquid flow flowing through the fins was observed while changing the vapor load of the gas phase (saturated vapor) and the liquid load of the liquid phase. In Figure 6, the horizontal axis represents the liquid load (√U * l ) and the vertical axis represents the vapor load of the gas phase (√U * g ) and the vapor load (√U * l ) at which flooding occurs with respect to the liquid load (√U * g ) is plotted in the graph, which is a correlation diagram regarding the flooding occurrence limit between liquid load and vapor load. However, the liquid load (√U * l ) and the values of the vapor load (√U * g ) are based on the vapor load (√U * g ) of the inlet vapor and the liquid load (√U * l ) of the outlet liquid in a condenser of Comparative Example 1 described later, which are normalized thereby. Flooding refers to a phenomenon in which the liquid phase is entrained by the upward flow of the gas phase and does not flow down.

[0044] The round dots in Figure 6 represent actually measured values. The solid line shown in Figure 6 correlates the flooding occurrence limit using the vapor load (√U * g ) and liquid load (√U * l ) according to the following formula (1). Vapor and liquid load (U *The flooding is expressed by the following equation (2). In the region to the upper right of the solid line shown in Figure 6, operation is impossible due to flooding, while in the region to the lower left of the solid line shown in Figure 6, operation is possible without flooding.

[0045]

number

[0046] [Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-2] Based on the experimental results of the flooding threshold described above, we designed a partial condenser to achieve steam and liquid loads that do not cause flooding. Specifically, as Comparative Example 1, we first prepared a heat exchanger block for a total condenser with a heat exchange capacity of 551 kW. The heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 1 is a heat exchanger block for a total condenser, and all of the condensation passages are total condensation flow paths.

[0047] The heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 1 had a height of 2000 mm, a width of 650 mm, and a stacked height of 805 mm for the evaporation and condensation passages consisting of plates and fins (hereinafter also referred to as "stacked height"). The respective values ​​are shown in the "Core Dimensions" column of Table 1. In addition, the heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 1 had a cross-sectional area of ​​0.52 m². 2 , with a volume of 1.05 m³ 3 The values ​​were as follows: Table 1 shows the values ​​in the "Core Cross-sectional Area" and "Core Volume" columns.

[0048] Next, as Comparative Example 2, a heat exchanger block having a conventional evaporation passage and a partial condensation passage was designed to be under the same conditions as the heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 1. The heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 2 is configured similarly to the heat exchanger block in a partial condenser described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 7308237. The dimensions of the heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 2 are shown in Table 1. The "Flow Rate" column in Table 1 shows the value when the flow rate of the heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 1 is set to 100. The "Number of Passages" column in Table 1 shows the values ​​when the number of passages in the evaporation passage and the number of passages in the condensation passage of the heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 1 are each set to 100. The "Heat Transfer Area" column in Table 1 shows the values ​​when the heat transfer area of ​​the evaporation passage and the heat transfer area of ​​the condensation passage of the heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 1 are each set to 100.

[0049] In order to achieve a steam load and liquid load that does not cause flooding in the heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 2, it is necessary to increase the width and number of passages to increase the passage cross-sectional area. Therefore, in order to prevent flooding in the heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 2, the width and stacking height of the core had to be increased compared to the heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 1. As a result, the cross-sectional area increased by 58% and the diameter of the vessel surrounding the core increased by 10% compared to the heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 1. The reason for the increase in heat transfer area in the heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 2 is to obtain the height necessary for distillation, and the heat transfer area of ​​the fractional condensation flow path shown in Table 1 is a value that includes the area required for distillation.

[0050] Next, as Examples 1 to 3, heat exchanger blocks in which the condensation passage consists of a partial condensation channel and a total condensation channel were designed to be under the same conditions as the heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 1. The configurations of the heat exchanger blocks of Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1. Below, each of the heat exchanger blocks of Examples 1 to 3 will be described in detail.

[0051] Example 1 is an example where the fluid flow rates of the partial-contraction channels and the total-contraction channels are allocated in a 50:50 ratio. In the condensing passage, the number of total-contraction channels and partial-contraction channels is configured such that the ratio of partial-contraction channels to the number of condensing channels is 60%, while the ratio of total-contraction channels to the number of condensing channels is 40%. In the heat exchanger block of Example 1 configured in this way, for example, if the channel cross-sectional area (proportional to the product of the core width and the number of partial-contraction channels) is the same as that of the heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 2, the load on the partial-contraction channels is reduced, allowing the core width to be reduced to the flooding limit. Specifically, the load on the partial-contraction channels becomes 50 / 60 = approximately 0.83 times. Note that when the core width is reduced to the flooding limit in the heat exchanger block of Example 1, the heat transfer area decreases compared to the heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 2. However, sufficient heat transfer area is secured in both the total-contraction channels and the partial-contraction channels to obtain performance equivalent to that of the heat exchanger blocks of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

[0052] Example 2 is an example where the fluid flow rates of the partial-contraction channels and the total-contraction channels are allocated in a 40:60 ratio. In the condensing passage, the number of total-contraction channels and partial-contraction channels is configured such that the ratio of partial-contraction channels to the number of condensing channels is 53%, while the ratio of total-contraction channels to the number of condensing channels is 47%. In the heat exchanger block of Example 2 configured in this way, for example, if the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channels is the same as that of the heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 2, the load on the partial-contraction channels is reduced, so the width and stacking height of the core can be reduced to the flooding limit. Specifically, the load on the partial-contraction channels becomes 40 / 53 = approximately 0.75 times. Note that if the width and stacking height of the core are reduced to the flooding limit, the required heat transfer area of ​​the total-contraction channels will be insufficient if the core height remains at 2000 mm. Therefore, in the heat exchanger block of Example 2, the core height is extended to 2200 mm to secure the heat transfer area.

[0053] Example 3 is an example where the fluid flow rates of the partial-contraction channel and the total-contraction channel are allocated in a ratio of 30:70. The number of total-contraction channels and partial-contraction channels in the condensing passage is configured such that the ratio of partial-contraction channels to the number of condensing channels is 42%. By reducing the flow rate of the partial-contraction channels, the heat exchanger block in Example 3 can further reduce the core volume compared to the heat exchanger block in Example 2, making it more compact. In the heat exchanger block of Example 3 as well, the core height is extended to 2200 mm to secure a heat transfer area greater than the required area for the total-contraction channel.

[0054] As explained above, the heat exchanger blocks of Examples 1 to 3 can have their core width and stacking height appropriately reduced compared to the heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 2. Therefore, the heat exchanger blocks of Examples 1 to 3 have a reduced cross-sectional area compared to the heat exchanger block of Comparative Example 2, and the diameter of the container surrounding the core can be reduced to 1400 mm in the case of Example 1, 1350 mm in the case of Example 2, and 1300 mm in the case of Example 3.

[0055] [Table 1] [Explanation of Symbols]

[0056] 1…Heat exchanger block, 2…Container, 3…Total condensation inlet header, 4…Partial condensation inlet header, 20…Evaporation passage, 21…Gas-liquid two-phase flow opening, 22…Gas-liquid two-phase flow outlet passage, 23…Liquid inlet passage, 24…Liquid inlet opening, 25…Bottom plate, 26…Gas discharge pipe, 27…Liquid supply pipe, 28…Liquid discharge pipe, 30…Total condensation passage, 31…Total condensation inlet opening, 34…Total condensation outlet opening, 35…Total condensation outlet opening, 36…Total condensation outlet header, 37…Total condensation steam inlet pipe, 38…Total condensation liquid outlet pipe, 39…Control valve, 40…Partial condensation passage, 41…Partial condensation outlet opening, 42…Steam outlet passage, 43…Partial condensation steam inlet passage, 44…Partial condensation inlet opening, 45…Partial condensation outlet header, 46,47…Pipes, 50…Condensation passage, 100,200…Partial condenser.

Claims

1. A partial condenser comprising a heat exchanger block having an evaporation passage through which a liquid to be evaporated flows, and a condensation passage through which the supplied steam condenses by heat exchange with the liquid flowing through the evaporation passage, A partial condenser, characterized in that the condensation passage comprises a partial condensation channel in which partial condensation of steam flowing upward within the heat exchanger block and distillation by counter-flow gas-liquid contact between the steam and the condensate occur, and a total condensation channel in which total condensation of steam flowing downward within the heat exchanger block occurs.

2. The heat exchanger block is characterized in that the evaporation passages and condensation passages, each consisting of plates and fins, are stacked alternately in a block-like configuration, as described in claim 1.

3. The evaporation passage has a liquid inlet opening for supplying liquid to the evaporation passage at the lower part of the stacked surface of the passage where the evaporation passage and the condensing passage are stacked on the side surface of the heat exchanger block, and a gas-liquid two-phase flow opening for discharging the gas-liquid two-phase flow at the upper part of the stacked surface of the heat exchanger block, and has a header disposed to cover the liquid inlet opening and the gas-liquid two-phase flow opening. The condensation channel has a condensation inlet opening for supplying steam and discharging liquid on the bottom surface of the heat exchanger block and a condensation inlet header disposed to cover the condensation inlet opening, and a condensation outlet opening for discharging residual steam on the top surface of the heat exchanger block and a condensation outlet header disposed to cover the condensation outlet opening. The partial condenser according to claim 2, characterized in that the total condensation channel has a total condensation inlet opening for supplying steam and a total condensation inlet header disposed to cover the total condensation inlet opening on the top surface of the heat exchanger block, and a total condensation outlet opening for discharging liquid and a total condensation outlet header disposed to cover the total condensation outlet opening at the lower part of the stacked surface of the heat exchanger block.

4. The heat exchanger block is immersed in a container, and a container for storing the liquid flowing into the evaporation passage is further provided. The evaporation passage has a liquid inlet opening for supplying liquid to the evaporation passage at the lower part of the stacked surface of the passage where the evaporation passage and the condensing passage are stacked on the side surface of the heat exchanger block, and a gas-liquid two-phase flow opening for discharging the gas-liquid two-phase flow at the upper part of the stacked surface of the heat exchanger block. The condensation channel has a condensation inlet opening for supplying steam and discharging liquid on the bottom surface of the heat exchanger block and a condensation inlet header disposed to cover the condensation inlet opening, and a condensation outlet opening for discharging residual steam on the top surface of the heat exchanger block and a condensation outlet header disposed to cover the condensation outlet opening. The partial condenser according to claim 2, characterized in that the total condensation channel has a total condensation inlet opening for supplying steam and a total condensation inlet header disposed to cover the total condensation inlet opening on the top surface of the heat exchanger block, and a total condensation outlet opening for discharging liquid and a total condensation outlet header disposed to cover the total condensation outlet opening at the lower part of the stacked surface of the heat exchanger block.

5. The evaporation passage includes a liquid introduction channel that distributes liquid supplied from the lower part of the laminated surface of the heat exchanger block upward, and a gas-liquid two-phase flow outlet channel that collects the gas-liquid two-phase flow flowing upward at the upper part of the evaporation passage and discharges it from the upper part of the laminated surface. The condensation flow path comprises a condensation steam introduction flow path provided on the bottom side of the heat exchanger block, and a steam discharge flow path for collecting residual steam on a part of the top surface of the heat exchanger block. The partial condenser according to claim 4, characterized in that the total condensation channel has a total condensation steam introduction channel for distributing steam supplied from a part of the top surface of the heat exchanger block in the width direction of the total condensation channel, and a liquid discharge channel for collecting liquid flowing downward through the total condensation channel and discharging it from the lower part of the stacked surface of the heat exchanger block.

6. The partial condenser according to claim 5, wherein a liquid outlet pipe for extracting the liquid is connected to the total condensation outlet header, which is disposed at the lower part of the stacked surface of the heat exchanger block and discharges liquid from the total condensation channel, and the connected liquid outlet pipe has a valve.

7. The evaporation passage includes a liquid introduction channel for distributing liquid supplied from the lower part of the laminated surface of the heat exchanger block upward, and a gas-liquid two-phase flow outlet channel for discharging the gas-liquid two-phase flow flowing upward to the upper part of the evaporation passage from the upper part of the laminated surface. The condensation flow path comprises a condensation steam introduction flow path provided on the bottom side of the heat exchanger block, and a steam discharge flow path for collecting residual steam on a part of the top surface of the heat exchanger block. The partial condenser according to claim 4, characterized in that the total condensation channel has a total condensation steam introduction channel for distributing steam supplied from a part of the top surface of the heat exchanger block in the width direction of the total condensation channel, and a total condensation outlet opening provided on the bottom side of the heat exchanger block.

Images