Composition containing cyclic amines and inorganic metal oxides

Abstract

A composition comprising at least the following components a) and b): a) at least one structure selected from each of the structures 1), 2), and 3) described herein, or any combination thereof, and b) at least one inorganic metal oxide. Also, a process for forming such a composition, and articles from such a composition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] To improve environmental protection, the demand for non-VOC and low-odor raw materials for paints and other coatings has increased significantly in recent years. The main components in paint and coating formulations, such as emulsions and coalescing aids, already meet the non-VOC and low-odor requirements. The control of odor associated with each VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) and each additive is important to further improve the quality of such products. Also, in addition to low VOC, it is important for a paint or coating to have excellent viscosity stability, pH stability, and good abrasion resistance.

[0002] pH neutralizers are important additives for paints and coatings. pH neutralizers are typically used at only 0.1 wt% to 0.5 wt% of the total formulation, but have a great impact on the overall performance of the final product. A widely used neutralizer is 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol has been accepted by the coating industry for its multifunctional advantages beyond pH neutralization, such as its ability to improve pigment dispersion and its ability to improve the pH stability of the final composition. However, the boiling point of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is 165 °C, and according to the VOC test method of GB / T 18582-2020, this propanol is considered a VOC. Therefore, there is a need for paint and coating compositions with reduced VOC content while achieving excellent viscosity stability, pH stability, and good abrasion resistance.

[0003] Chinese Patent No. 108912281(B) (machine translation) discloses an aqueous epoxy resin containing the following components: a) 45 to 80 parts methyl methacrylate, b) 20 to 50 parts butyl acrylate, c) 8 to 15 parts hydroxyethyl acrylate, d) 10 to 18 parts acrylic acid, e) 1 to 5 parts silane coupling agent, f) 1 to 5 parts initiator, g) 4 to 15 parts epoxy resin, h) 10 to 20 parts neutralizing agent, and i) 130 to 300 parts water. See abstract. This reference also discloses an aqueous OP protective agent comprising the following components: a) 550-650 parts aqueous epoxy resin, b) 65-90 parts curing agent, c) 1-10 parts catalyst, d) 0-3 parts matting agent, e) 20-50 parts cosolvent, f) 0-3 parts neutralizing agent, g) 0-1 part defoaming agent, and h) 200-250 parts water. See abstract. This aqueous OP protective agent is disclosed to be safe and non-toxic, and to have good coating effect, strong adhesion, and high heat resistance. See abstract. The neutralizing agent is at least one of diethanolamine, ethanolamine, triethylamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, N-methyldiethanolamine, and N,N-dimethylethanolamine (see claim 1).

[0004] Chinese Patent No. 102675999(B) (machine translation) discloses an aqueous fluorocarbon coating for silicate concrete curbs, which is prepared from the following components (by mass percentage): a) 48.0-78.1% aqueous fluorocarbon emulsion, b) 13.5-30.1% pigment, c) 0.2-2.3% wetting dispersant, d) 0-0.52% neutralizing agent, e) 0.1-0.5% organosilicon defoamer, f) 0-0.5% preservative, g) 0.1-3.2% thickener, h) 1.0-5.1% film-forming aid, i) 1.0-4.2% antifreeze, j) 1.1-5.7% aqueous surfactant, and k) 0.5-10.2% water. See abstract. The pH value of the coating is 8.0-9.5. This paint is disclosed to have weather resistance, temperature resistance, non-toxicity, and odorless properties. See the abstract. The neutralizing agent can be selected from conventional neutralizing agents used in the paint field. Such an agent is preferably 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. See the summary of the invention. Examples of pigments include carbon black, organic yellow, and rutile titanium dioxide. See the summary of the invention.

[0005] U.S. Patent No. 5,626,915 discloses an aqueous coating composition containing the following components: a) a halogenated resin, b) a polyol, c) a surfactant, and d) an amine. See its abstract. Preferred amines include primary, secondary, and tertiary alkylamines, alkyldiamines, alkanolamines, dialkanolamines, and poly(oxyalkylene)diamines. A very preferred group of amines further includes amines having one or more hydroxyl or alkoxy(ether) groups and having an average molecular weight in the range of about 50 to about 7,000. A preferred group of amines is primary, secondary, and tertiary aliphatic amines having a functional value of 1 to 3, which can be represented by the formulas: R1-N(R2)(R3), R1(R2)-N-R3-N(R4)R5, R1(R2)N-R3-N(R4)-R5-N(R6)R7. In these formulas, R1 to R7 are independently selected from H or linear or branched alkyl groups, hydroxyalkyl groups, or alkoxyalkyl groups having approximately 1 to 20 carbon atoms. R1 to R7 may further include substituted alkyl groups, i.e., one or more carbon atoms in the radical are replaced by another functional group, such as an amine, ether, hydroxy, or mercapto moiety, such as tris-(3-aminopropyl)amine, or have another functional group substituted on top of it. See, for example, column 6, lines 11 to 42. The composition may contain additives such as pigments (such as carbon black), thickeners, fillers, glycols, surfactants, and water. See column 10, lines 36 to 57.

[0006] U.S. Patent No. 8,853,308 discloses a composition comprising: a) at least one (poly)isocyanate; b) at least one surfactant comprising an acid or a mixture of acids; and optionally, a heterocyclic amine or polyamine or a mixture of such amines. At least one amine in the amine, polyamine, or mixture thereof has at least one alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, functional group. See abstract. The amine constituting the surfactant may be a heterocyclic amine, and in the case of a heterocyclic amine, the alkylene oxide functional group is preferably supported by a nitrogen atom of the amine functional group. See, for example, column 1, lines 53-58. The coating composition may also contain additives such as defoamers, pigments or colorants, and additives that provide resistance to scratching or graffiti. See column 19, lines 31-38.

[0007] However, as described above, there is still a need for paints and coating compositions that achieve excellent viscosity stability, pH stability, and good abrasion resistance while reducing VOC content. This need has been met by the following invention. [Overview of the project]

[0008] A composition comprising at least the following components a) and b), namely, a) Structure 1), 2), 3),

[0009] [ka] Structure 1) (wherein R1 is a C1-C6 alkoxyl group, R2 is H or an alkyl group, and R3 is H or a C1-C30 hydrocarbyl group),

[0010] [ka] Structure 2) (wherein R1 is a C1-C6 alkoxyl group, and R2 is H or an alkyl group),

[0011] [ka] Structure 3) (wherein R1 is a C1-C6 alkoxyl group and R2 is H or an alkyl group), at least one structure selected from these or any combination thereof, and b) A composition comprising at least one inorganic metal oxide. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0012] [Figure 1] This is a plot of the boiling points of 1,4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine in relation to "mmHg". The equation of the profile is y = 26.385ln(x) + 118.53 (R 2 = 0.9616). [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0013] Novel compositions have been developed that have no or very low VOC content, excellent viscosity stability and pH stability, and good abrasion resistance. As described above, compositions are provided that comprise at least the following components a) and b), namely a) at least one structure selected from structures 1), 2), and 3) described herein, or any combination thereof, and b) at least one inorganic metal oxide.

[0014] As described herein, the above composition may include a combination of two or more embodiments. Component a may include a combination of two or more embodiments as described herein. Component b may include a combination of two or more embodiments as described herein. Each structure (Structure 1), Structure 2), and Structure 3)) may independently include a combination of two or more embodiments as described herein. As used herein, for Structure 1), Structure 2), or Structure 3) of Component a, R1 = R1, R2 = R2, and so on.

[0015] In each embodiment described herein, or in a combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the weight ratio of Component b to Component a is ≧40, or ≧50, or ≧60, or ≧70, or ≧80, or ≧90, or ≧100, or ≧120, or ≧140, or ≧160, or ≧170, or ≧180, or ≧190, or ≧200. In each embodiment described herein, or in a combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the weight ratio of Component b to Component a is ≦500, or ≦450, or ≦400, or ≦350, or ≦300, or ≦280, or ≦260, or ≦240, or ≦220, or ≦210.

[0016] In each embodiment described herein, or in a combination of two or more embodiments described herein, for Structure 1 of Component a, R1 = R3.

[0017] In each embodiment described herein, or in a combination of two or more embodiments described herein, Component a has the following Structures 1a) to 4g) shown below: 1a)

[0018]

Chemical Formula

[0019]

Chem.

[0020]

Chem.

[0021]

Chem.

[0024] [ka] (In the formula, n is an integer between 1 and 6, further between 1 and 5, further between 1 and 4, further between 2 and 4, further between 2 and 3, and further between 2.) 3f)

[0025] [ka] (wherein n is an integer from 1 to 6, further from 1 to 5, further from 1 to 4, further from 2 to 4, further from 2 to 3, and further from 2, and p is an integer from 0 to 5, further from 0 to 4, further from 0 to 3, further from 0 to 2, further from 0 to 1, and further from 0.) at least one structure selected from the group consisting of, 4g) Choose any combination of these.

[0026] In each of the embodiments described herein, or in combination of two or more embodiments, for component a, structures 1), 2), and 3) each independently have a boiling point (at 760 mmHg) of ≥250°C, or ≥251°C, or ≥252°C, or ≥255°C, or ≥260°C, or ≥270°C, or ≥280°C, or ≥290°C, or ≥300°C. In each of the embodiments described herein, or in combination of two or more embodiments, for component a, structures 1), 2), and 3) each independently have a boiling point (at 760 mmHg) of ≤400°C, or ≤380°C, or ≤360°C, or ≤340°C, or ≤330°C, or ≤320°C, or ≤310°C.

[0027] In each of the embodiments described herein, or in combination of two or more embodiments, the components are selected from Structure 1).

[0028] In each of the embodiments or combinations of two or more embodiments described herein, component a is at least one structure selected from the group consisting of the following structures 1a), 1b), and 4g), as shown herein. In each of the embodiments or combinations of two or more embodiments described herein, component a is at least one selected structure 1a), further n=m, further n=m=2 or 3, further n=m=2.

[0029] In each of the embodiments described herein, or in combination of two or more embodiments, component b is a metal dioxide, and moreover, titanium dioxide.

[0030] In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the composition further comprises at least one filler as component c. In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the composition comprises at least three fillers (F1, F2, and F3) and three further fillers (F1, F2, and F3) as component c.

[0031] In each of the embodiments described herein, or in combination of two or more embodiments, the composition further comprises water as component d. In each of the embodiments described herein, or in combination of two or more embodiments, the composition further comprises a polymer emulsion as component e. In each of the embodiments described herein, or in combination of two or more embodiments, component e is selected from an acrylic polymer emulsion and further from an acrylic styrene copolymer emulsion.

[0032] In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, component a is present in an amount of ≥0.005% by weight, or ≥0.01% by weight, or ≥0.02% by weight, or ≥0.03% by weight, or ≥0.04% by weight, or ≥0.05% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, component a is present in an amount of ≤3.0% by weight, or ≤2.0% by weight, or ≤1.0% by weight, or ≤0.50% by weight, or ≤0.20% by weight, or ≤0.10% by weight, or ≤0.08% by weight, based on the weight of the composition.

[0033] In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, component b is present in an amount of ≥2.0% by weight, or 3.0% by weight, or ≥4.0% by weight, or ≥5.0% by weight, or ≥6.0% by weight, or 7.0% by weight, or ≥8.0% by weight, or ≥9.0% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, component b is present in an amount of ≤50% by weight, or ≤45% by weight, or ≤40% by weight, or ≤35% by weight, or ≤30% by weight, or ≤25% by weight, or ≤20% by weight, or ≤15% by weight, or ≤12% by weight, or ≤11% by weight, or ≤10% by weight, based on the weight of the composition.

[0034] In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the sum of components a, b, c, and d is present in an amount of ≥70% by weight, or 72% by weight, or ≥74% by weight, or ≥76% by weight, or ≥78% by weight, or ≥80% by weight, or ≥82% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the sum of components a, b, c, and d is present in an amount of ≤95% by weight, or ≤90% by weight, or ≤88% by weight, or ≤86% by weight, or ≤84% by weight, or ≤83% by weight, based on the weight of the composition.

[0035] In each embodiment described herein, or in combination of two or more embodiments, the composition has scrub resistance indicated by the number of scrub strokes required to crack the coating formed from the composition being ≥1800, or ≥1850, or ≥1900, or ≥1920, or ≥1950, or ≥1980, or ≥2000. See the Experimental Section.

[0036] In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the composition has thermal storage stability indicated by a pH increase rate (%) of ≤1.0, or ≤0.80, or ≤0.60, or ≤0.40, or ≤0.20, or ≤0.10. See the experimental section (circulating air at 50°C for 10 days). In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the composition has freeze-thaw stability indicated by a pH increase rate (%) of ≤3.0, or ≤2.8, or ≤2.6, or ≤2.4, or ≤2.3, or ≤2.2. See the experimental section (air at -6°C for 16 hours, then air at a temperature of 22°C to 23°C for 8 hours).

[0037] In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the composition has thermal storage stability indicated by a KU viscosity increase rate (%) of ≤9.0, or ≤8.5, or ≤8.0, or ≤7.5, or ≤7.0, or ≤6.5. See the experimental section (circulating air at 50°C for 10 days). In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the composition has freeze-thaw stability indicated by a KU viscosity increase rate (%) of ≤15, or ≤10, or ≤8.0, or ≤6.0, or ≤5.0, or ≤4.5, or ≤4.3, or ≤4.2 and / or ≥0.5. See the experimental section (air at -6°C for 16 hours, then air at a temperature of 22°C to 23°C for 8 hours).

[0038] In each embodiment described herein, or in combination of two or more embodiments, the composition has a KU viscosity of ≤500, ≤400, ≤300, ≤250, ≤200, ≤150, ≤140, ≤130, or ≤125 and / or ≥80, ≥90, ≥95, ≥100, ≥105, ≥110, or ≥115 after 24 hours at a temperature of 22°C to 23°C in an ambient atmosphere. In each embodiment described herein, or in combination of two or more embodiments, the composition has a pH of ≤7.88, or ≤7.89, or ≤7.90, or ≤7.91 and / or ≥10.0, or ≥9.50, or ≥9.00, or ≥8.50, or ≥8.20, or ≥8.10, or ≥8.08, or ≥8.06, or ≥8.04, or ≥8.02, or ≥8.00 after 24 hours at a temperature of 22°C to 23°C in ambient atmosphere.

[0039] In each of the embodiments described herein, or in combination of two or more embodiments, the composition is a paint or coating.

[0040] Furthermore, a process is provided for forming a composition of any one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the process comprising mixing at least components a and b. In each embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the process comprises mixing at least components a and b in the presence of at least a portion of component d (water).

[0041] Furthermore, a process is provided for coating a surface, which includes applying a composition of any one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments described herein to the surface. In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the surface is a cement surface, a wood surface, a plastic surface, a metal surface, a ceramic surface or a fabric surface, and furthermore, a cement surface, a wood surface, a plastic surface or a metal surface.

[0042] Furthermore, articles are provided which are formed from compositions of any one embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein. In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the article is a coated surface. In each embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments described herein, the surface is a cement surface, a wood surface, a plastic surface, a metal surface, a ceramic surface or a fabric surface, and furthermore, a cement surface, a wood surface, a plastic surface or a metal surface.

[0043] Component α-cyclic amine Component a is described herein. The synthesis of cyclic amines is well known in the art, and various etheramines are commercially available. For example, cyclic amines can be produced by reacting oxides with related amines (pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine). Furthermore, as an example, 1,4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine can be synthesized by reacting EO (ethylene oxide) with piperazine in a target ratio of 2:1. This cyclic amine can be recovered using conventional techniques.

[0044] Component a may be in the form of a liquid composition added to an aqueous composition. The cyclic amine itself may be in liquid form at room temperature (22°C), and therefore the "stock" composition may be in the undiluted form (100% by weight) of the cyclic amine. The stock composition may also be prepared using a cyclic amine in one or more suitable solvents, for example, in an amount ranging from about 30% (by weight) to about 99% (by weight) of the cyclic amine. The solvent may be water. The cyclic amine may also be in the form of a solid composition, such as a powder or granules, which can be added to the aqueous composition.

[0045] Component β - Inorganic metal oxide Inorganic metal oxides are described herein. Such oxides include, but are not limited to, titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2), titanium(II) oxide (TiO), titanium(III) oxide (Ti2O3), iron(II) oxide (FeO), iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), and Fe3O4.

[0046] Other polymers The composition may optionally contain one or more additional polymers. Examples include, but are not limited to, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide, butylene oxide / propylene oxide, ethylene oxide / butylene oxide block or random copolymers, waxes, and silicone polymers.

[0047] definition Unless otherwise stated, implied by the context, or customary in the art, parts and percentages are based on weight, and all test methods are current as of the filing date of this disclosure.

[0048] As used herein, the term “composition” includes a composition, as well as mixtures of materials including reaction products and decomposition products formed from the materials of the composition. Any reaction products or decomposition products are typically present in trace or residual amounts.

[0049] As used herein, the term “polymer” refers to a polymer compound prepared by polymerizing multiple monomers, whether of the same or different types. Thus, the general term polymer includes the term homopolymer (used to refer to a polymer prepared from only one type of monomer, with the understanding that trace amounts of impurities may be incorporated into the polymer structure) and the term interpolymer, as defined herein below. Trace amounts of impurities, such as catalyst residues, may be incorporated into and / or within the polymer. Typically, polymers are stabilized with one or more stabilizers in very small amounts (in “ppm (parts per million)”).

[0050] As used herein, the term “interpolymer” refers to a polymer prepared by the polymerization of at least two different types of monomers. Thus, the term interpolymer includes the term copolymer (used to refer to a polymer prepared from two different types of monomers) and polymers prepared from three or more different types of monomers.

[0051] As used herein with respect to the amount of components in the mixing process, the phrase "at least a portion of" means at least 20% by weight, typically at least 50% by weight, of the total weight of the components added to the mixing process.

[0052] As used herein, the term "inorganic metal oxide" refers to a molecular compound that contains one or more oxygen (O) atoms and at least one metal (M) atom having an atomic mass of 42 g / mol or more, but does not contain carbon (C) atoms or hydrogen (H) atoms. Examples of metal (M) atoms include, but are not limited to, Ti, Zr, La, Fe, Cr, Zn, Ba, Co, Cu, and Ni. Examples of inorganic metal oxides include, but are not limited to, TiO2, Fe2O3, ZrO2, ZnO, and NiO.

[0053] As used herein, the term “water” refers to H2O or an H2O sample. Such a water (H2O) sample is substantially pure water and therefore may or may not contain one or more impurities, such as dissolved inorganic ions. Typically, impurities are present in amounts of 5000 ppm or less, preferably 2000 ppm or less, preferably 1000 ppm or less, preferably 100 ppm or less, more preferably 10 ppm or less, and more preferably 1 ppm or less, based on the weight of the water sample.

[0054] As used herein, the term "polymer emulsion" refers to the product of emulsion polymerization of a composition comprising a solvent (typically water), one or more monomer species, and a surfactant.

[0055] As used herein, the term “acrylic polymer emulsion” refers to the product of emulsion polymerization of a composition comprising a solvent (typically water), acrylates and / or acrylic acid, and optionally one or more other monomer species, and a surfactant. Acrylic polymer emulsions are typically aqueous and can be prepared from methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, and / or similar monomers.

[0056] As used herein, the terms “paint” and “coating” refer, respectively, to compositions that are spread on a surface (for example, by a brush, roller, or spray device) and then dried to leave a layer for decoration and / or protection of the surface.

[0057] As used herein, the term “freeze-thaw” stabilizer refers to a substance that exhibits resistance to degradation after repeated temperature cycles. For example, repeated temperature cycles (two or more times) from -6°C to “22°C–23°C” in air. Examples of such substances include, but are not limited to, alkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. See the Experiments section.

[0058] As used herein, the term “dispersant” refers to a substance, typically a surfactant, added to a suspension of solid particles and / or liquid particles (such as an emulsion or colloid) in a liquid to improve particle separation and prevent particle sedimentation and / or aggregation. Examples of dispersants include, but are not limited to, surfactants, copolymerates, and acrylic polymers.

[0059] As used herein, the term “wetting agent” refers to a substance added to a liquid to reduce its surface tension and make it more effective at spreading and penetrating across a surface. Examples of wetting agents include, but are not limited to, surfactants, alcohols, and fatty acids.

[0060] As used herein, the term “defoaming agent” refers to a substance that reduces foam formation in a liquid composition. Examples of defoaming agents include, but are not limited to, polydimethylsiloxane and other silicone derivatives, oils, and stearates.

[0061] As used herein, the term "rheological modifier" refers to a substance that alters the rheological properties of a material (e.g., a liquid composition). Examples of rheological modifiers include, but are not limited to, cellulose derivatives, nonionic urethane resins, and hydrophobic modified polymers.

[0062] As used herein, the term "fusion aid" refers to a substance that lowers the minimum film-forming temperature of a polymer in a composition. Examples of fusion aids include, but are not limited to, alcohol esters and glycol ethers.

[0063] The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having,” and their derivatives, are not intended to exclude the existence of any additional components, processes, or procedures, whether or not they are specifically disclosed. To avoid any doubt, all compositions claimed through the use of the term “comprising” may, unless otherwise stated, include any additional additives, adjuvants, or compounds, whether or not they are polymers. In contrast, the term “consisting essentially of” excludes any other components, processes, or procedures from any subsequent enumeration, except those not essential to operability. The term “consisting of” excludes any components, processes, or procedures not specifically specified or enumerated.

[0064] List of some characteristics of the composition and process A) A composition comprising at least the following components a) and b, namely, a) Structure 1), 2), 3),

[0065] [ka] Structure 1) (wherein R1 is a C1-C6 alkoxyl group, R2 is H or an alkyl group, and R3 is H or a C1-C30 hydrocarbyl group),

[0066] [ka] Structure 2) (wherein R1 is a C1-C6 alkoxyl group, and R2 is H or an alkyl group),

[0067] [ka] Structure 3) (wherein R1 is a C1-C6 alkoxyl group and R2 is H or an alkyl group), at least one structure selected from these or any combination thereof, and b) A composition comprising at least one inorganic metal oxide. The composition according to A] above, wherein the weight ratio of component b to component a is ≥40, or ≥50, or ≥60, or ≥70, or ≥80, or ≥90, or ≥100, or ≥120, or ≥140, or ≥160, or ≥170, or ≥180, or ≥190, ​​or ≥200. The composition according to A] or B] above, wherein the weight ratio of component b to component a is ≤500, or ≤450, or ≤400, or ≤350, or ≤300, or ≤280, or ≤260, or ≤240, or ≤220, or ≤210. D] The composition according to any one of A] to C] above, wherein R1 = R3 for structure 1 of component a. E) A composition according to any one of A) to D) above, wherein R2 = H for structure 1 of component a. F] The composition according to any one of A] to E] above, wherein R2 = H for the structure 2 of component a. The composition according to any one of A] to F] above, wherein the structure of component a (G) is R2 = H. The composition according to any one of A] to D] above, wherein, in the structure 1 of component a, R2 is C1-C6 alkyl, further C1-C5 alkyl, further C1-C4 alkyl, further C1-C3 alkyl, further C1-C2 alkyl, and further C1 alkyl. I) The composition according to any one of A) to D) above, wherein, in the structure 2 of component a, R2 is C1-C6 alkyl, further C1-C5 alkyl, further C1-C4 alkyl, further C1-C3 alkyl, further C1-C2 alkyl, and further C1 alkyl. The composition according to any one of A] to D] above, wherein, in the structure 3 of component a, R2 is C1-C6 alkyl, further C1-C5 alkyl, further C1-C4 alkyl, further C1-C3 alkyl, further C1-C2 alkyl, and further C1 alkyl. The composition according to any one of A] to J] above, wherein, in the structure 1 of component a, R1 is a C1-C5 alkoxyl, further a C1-C4 alkoxyl, further a C1-C3 alkoxyl, further a C1-C2 alkoxyl, and further a C2 alkoxyl. The composition according to any one of A] to K] above, wherein, in the structure 1 of component a, R1 is a C2-C6 alkoxyl, further a C2-C5 alkoxyl, further a C2-C4 alkoxyl, further a C2-C3 alkoxyl, and further a C2 alkoxyl. The composition according to any one of A] to L] above, wherein, in the structure 1 of component a, R3 is a C1-C5 alkoxyl, further a C1-C4 alkoxyl, further a C1-C3 alkoxyl, further a C1-C2 alkoxyl, and further a C2 alkoxyl. The composition according to any one of A] to M] above, wherein, in the structure 1 of component a, R3 is a C2-C6 alkoxyl, further a C2-C5 alkoxyl, further a C2-C4 alkoxyl, further a C2-C3 alkoxyl, and further a C2 alkoxyl. The composition according to any one of A] to N] above, wherein, in the structure 2 of component a, R1 is a C1-C5 alkoxyl, further a C1-C4 alkoxyl, further a C1-C3 alkoxyl, further a C1-C2 alkoxyl, and further a C2 alkoxyl. The composition according to any one of A] to O] above, wherein, in the structure 2 of component a [P], R1 is a C2-C6 alkoxyl, further a C2-C5 alkoxyl, further a C2-C4 alkoxyl, further a C2-C3 alkoxyl, and further a C2 alkoxyl. Q] The composition according to any one of A] to P] above, wherein, regarding the structure 3 of component a, R1 is a C1-C5 alkoxyl, further a C1-C4 alkoxyl, further a C1-C3 alkoxyl, further a C1-C2 alkoxyl, and further a C2 alkoxyl. The composition according to any one of A] to Q] above, wherein, regarding the structure 3 of component a, R1 is a C2-C6 alkoxyl, further a C2-C5 alkoxyl, further a C2-C4 alkoxyl, further a C2-C3 alkoxyl, and further a C2 alkoxyl. The composition according to any one of A] to L] above, wherein R3 is H in the structure 1 of component a]. Component T a is the structure shown below, 1a) to 4g), i.e., 1a)

[0068] [ka] (In the formula, n is an integer between 1 and 6, further between 1 and 5, further between 1 and 4, further between 2 and 4, further between 2 and 3, and further between 2 and 3, and further between 2 and n = m) 1b)

[0069] [ka] (In the formula, n is an integer between 1 and 6, further between 1 and 5, further between 1 and 4, further between 2 and 4, further between 2 and 3, and further between 2; m is an integer between 1 and 6, further between 1 and 5, further between 1 and 4, further between 2 and 4, further between 2 and 3, further between 2; further between n = m; p is between 0 and 5, further between 0 and 4, further between 0 and 3, further between 0 and 2, further between 0 and 1, and further between 0) 1c)

[0070] [ka] (In the formula, n is an integer between 1 and 6, further between 1 and 5, further between 1 and 4, further between 2 and 4, further between 2 and 3, and further between 2.) 1d)

[0071] [ka] (In the formula, n is an integer between 1 and 6, further between 1 and 5, further between 1 and 4, further between 2 and 4, further between 2 and 3, and further between 2; and p is an integer between 0 and 5, further between 0 and 4, further between 0 and 3, further between 0 and 2, further between 0 and 1, and further between 0.) 2c)

[0072] [ka] (In the formula, n is an integer between 1 and 6, further between 1 and 5, further between 1 and 4, further between 2 and 4, further between 2 and 3, and further between 2.) 2d)

[0073] [ka] (In the formula, n is an integer from 1 to 6, further from 1 to 5, further from 1 to 4, further from 2 to 4, further from 2 to 3, and further from 2; p is an integer from 0 to 5, further from 0 to 4, further from 0 to 3, further from 0 to 2, further from 0 to 1, and further from 0) 3e)

[0074] [ka] (In the formula, n is an integer between 1 and 6, further between 1 and 5, further between 1 and 4, further between 2 and 4, further between 2 and 3, and further between 2.) 3f)

[0075] [ka] (wherein n is an integer from 1 to 6, further 1 to 5, further 1 to 4, further 2 to 4, further 2 to 3, and further p is an integer from 0 to 5, further 0 to 4, further 0 to 3, further 0 to 2, further 0 to 1, and further 0) at least one structure selected from the group, 4g) A composition according to any one of A] to S] above, selected from any combination of these. The composition according to any one of A] to T] above, wherein component U] a is at least one structure selected from the group consisting of the following structures 1a), 2c), 3e), and 4g) shown above. The composition according to any one of A] to T] above, wherein component a is at least one structure selected from the group consisting of structures 1b), 2d), 3f), and 4g) shown above. The composition according to any one of A] to T] above, wherein component a is at least one structure selected from the group consisting of the following structures 1a), 1b), 1c), 1d), and 4g), respectively. The composition according to any one of A] to T] above, wherein component X) a is at least one structure selected from the group consisting of the following structures 1a), 1b), and 4g), respectively shown above. The composition according to any one of A) to T) above, wherein component Y) a is at least one structurally selected structure 1a), and further n=m, further n=m=2 or 3, and further n=m=2. The composition according to any one of A] to T] above, wherein, with respect to component a, structures 1), 2), and 3) each independently have a molecular weight of ≥80, ≥85, ≥90, ≥95, ≥100, ≥105, or ≥110 g / mol. A2) The composition according to any one of A] to Z] above, wherein, with respect to component a, structures 1), 2), and 3) each independently have a molecular weight of ≤500, or ≤450, or ≤400, or ≤350, or ≤300, or ≤250, or ≤200, or ≤180 g / mol. B2] The composition according to any one of A] to Z] above, wherein, with respect to component a, structures 1), 2), and 3) each independently have a molecular weight of ≤200, ≤195, ≤190, ≤185, or ≤180 g / mol. The composition according to any one of A] to B2] above, wherein, with respect to component a, structures 1), 2), and 3) each independently have a boiling point (at 760 mmHg) of ≥250°C, or ≥251°C, or ≥252°C, or ≥255°C, or ≥260°C, or ≥270°C, or ≥280°C, or ≥290°C, or ≥300°C. The composition according to any one of A] to C2] above, wherein, with respect to component a, structures 1), 2), and 3) each independently have a boiling point (at 760 mmHg) of ≤400°C, or ≤380°C, or ≤360°C, or ≤340°C, or ≤330°C, or ≤320°C, or ≤310°C. E2) The composition according to any one of A) to D2) above, wherein component b is selected from structure 1). The composition according to E2) above, wherein component a is at least one structure selected from the group consisting of structures 1a), 1b), and 4g) shown above. The composition according to E2] or F2] above, wherein component a is at least one structure selected structure 1a), and further n=m, further n=m=2 or 3, and further n=m=2. The composition according to any one of A) to D) above, wherein component a) is selected from structure 2). I2) The composition according to any one of A) to D2) above, wherein component a is selected from structure 3). The composition according to any one of A) to I2) above, wherein component b is a metal dioxide, and moreover, titanium dioxide. The composition according to any one of A] to J2] above, wherein the metal of the inorganic metal oxide of component b has an atomic mass of 43 g / mol or more, or 44 g / mol or more, or 45 g / mol or more, or 46 g / mol or more. The composition according to any one of A] to K2] above, wherein the metal of the inorganic metal oxide of component L2] b has an atomic mass of ≤100, or ≤90, or ≤80, or ≤70, or ≤65, or ≤60, or ≤58, or ≤56, or ≤54, or ≤52, or ≤50 g / mol. The composition according to any one of A] to L2] above, wherein the inorganic metal oxide has a molecular weight of ≥60, or ≥65, or ≥70, or ≥72, or ≥74, or ≥76, or ≥78, or ≥80 g / mol. The composition according to any one of A] to M2] above, wherein the inorganic metal oxide N2] has a molecular weight of ≤250, or ≤200, or ≤150, or ≤120, or ≤110, or ≤100, or ≤95, or ≤90 g / mol. The composition according to any one of A]-N2] above, wherein the O2] composition further comprises at least one filler as component c. The composition according to O2] above, wherein component c is present in an amount of ≥10% by weight, or ≥15% by weight, or ≥20% by weight, or ≥25% by weight, or ≥30% by weight, or ≥32% by weight, or ≥34% by weight, or ≥36% by weight, or ≥38% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. Q2] The composition according to either O2] or P2] above, wherein component c is present in an amount of ≤65% by weight, or ≤60% by weight, or ≤55% by weight, or ≤50% by weight, or ≤48% by weight, or ≤46% by weight, or ≤44% by weight, or ≤42% by weight, or ≤40% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of the above O2] to Q2], wherein the composition R2] comprises at least two types of fillers (F1 and F2) as component c. The composition according to any one of the above O2] to R2], wherein the composition S2] comprises at least three types of fillers (F1, F2, and F3) as component c, and further comprises three types of fillers (F1, F2, and F3). The composition according to R2] or S2] above, wherein with respect to component c [T2], the filler F1 is present in an amount of ≥40% by weight, or ≥42% by weight, or ≥44% by weight, or ≥46% by weight, or ≥48% by weight, or ≥50% by weight, based on the weight of component c. The composition according to any one of the above R2] to T2], wherein, with respect to component c U2], the filler F1 is present in an amount of ≤60% by weight, or ≤58% by weight, or ≤56% by weight, or ≤54% by weight, or ≤52% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of the above R2] to U2], wherein, with respect to component c, the filler F1 is selected from a metal carbonate, a metal bicarbonate, or a mixture thereof, and further F1 is selected from a metal carbonate, or a mixture of a metal carbonate and a metal bicarbonate, and further F1 is a metal carbonate, and further CaCO3. Regarding component c [W2], the filler F2 is selected from Al2O3, SiO2, or a mixture thereof, and further F2 is selected from a mixture of Al2O3 and SiO2, one of the above compositions R2] to V2]. The composition according to any one of the above R2] to W2], wherein, with respect to component c X2], the weight ratio of F1 to F2 is ≥0.8, or ≥0.9, or ≥1.0, or ≥1.1, or ≥1.2, or ≥1.3, or ≥1.4, or ≥1.5. The composition according to any one of the above R2] to X2], wherein the weight ratio of F1 to F2 for component c [Y2] is ≤2.4, or ≤2.2, or ≤2.0, or ≤1.9, or ≤1.8, or ≤1.7. The composition according to any one of the above S2] to Y2], wherein the weight ratio of F1 to F3 for component c is ≥2.0, or ≥2.2, or ≥2.4, or ≥2.6, or ≥2.8. A3] The composition according to any one of S2] to Z2] above, wherein the weight ratio of F1 to F3 is ≤4.0, or ≤3.8, or ≤3.6, or ≤3.4, or ≥3.2, or ≥3.0 for component c. The composition according to any one of O2] to A3] above, wherein the weight ratio of component c to component b is ≥2.0, or ≥2.5, or ≥2.8, or ≥3.0, or ≥3.2, or ≥3.4, or ≥3.6, or ≥3.8. The composition according to any one of the above O2] to B3], wherein the weight ratio of component c to component b is ≤6.0, or ≤5.5, or ≤5.0, or ≤4.8, or ≥4.6, or ≥4.4, or ≥4.2, or ≥4.0. The composition according to any one of A) to C3) above, wherein the composition D3) further comprises water as component d. The composition according to D3] above, wherein component d is present in an amount of ≥15% by weight, or ≥18% by weight, or ≥20% by weight, or ≥22% by weight, or ≥24% by weight, or ≥26% by weight, or ≥28% by weight, or ≥30% by weight, or ≥32% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. The composition according to D3] or E3] above, wherein component d is present in an amount of ≤50% by weight, or ≤48% by weight, or ≤46% by weight, or ≤44% by weight, or ≤42% by weight, or ≤40% by weight, or ≤38% by weight, or ≤36% by weight, or ≤34% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of E3] to F3] above, wherein the weight ratio of component d to component a is ≥400, or ≥450, or ≥500, or ≥550, or ≥600, or ≥650. The composition according to any one of the above D3] to G3], wherein the weight ratio of component d to component a is ≤1000, or ≤900, or ≤850, or ≤800, or ≤750, or ≤700. The composition according to any one of D3] to H3] above, wherein the weight ratio of component d to component b is ≥2.0, or ≥2.2, or ≥2.5, or ≥2.8, or ≥3.0, or ≥3.1, or ≥3.2, or ≥3.3. The composition according to any one of the above D3] to I3], wherein the weight ratio of component d to component b is ≤5.0, or ≤4.5, or ≤4.2, or ≤4.0, or ≥3.8, or ≤3.6, or ≤3.4. The composition according to any one of the above D3] to J3], wherein the weight ratio of component d to component c is ≥0.70, or ≥0.75, or ≥0.80, or ≥0.82, or ≥0.84, or ≥0.85, or ≥0.86. The composition according to any one of the above D3] to K3], wherein the weight ratio of component d to component c is ≤1.0, or ≤0.98, or ≤0.96, or ≤0.94, or ≤0.92, or ≤0.90, or ≤0.88. The composition according to any one of A] to L3] above, wherein the M3] composition further comprises a polymer emulsion as component e. The composition according to M3] above, wherein component e is present in an amount of ≥5.0% by weight, or ≥6.0% by weight, or ≥7.0% by weight, or ≥8.0% by weight, or ≥9.0% by weight, or ≥10% by weight, or ≥11% by weight, or ≥12% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. The composition according to M3] or N3] above, wherein component e is present in an amount of ≤35% by weight, or ≤30% by weight, or ≤25% by weight, or ≤20% by weight, or ≤19% by weight, or ≤18% by weight, or ≤17% by weight, or ≤16% by weight, or ≤14% by weight, or ≤13% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of M3] to O3] above, wherein the weight ratio of component e to component b is ≥0.80, or ≥0.85, or ≥0.90, or ≥0.95, or ≥1.0, or ≥1.1, or ≥1.2. Q3] The composition according to any one of M3] to P3] above, wherein the weight ratio of component e to component b is ≤3.0, or ≤2.8, or ≤2.5, or ≤2.2, or ≤2.0, or ≤1.8, or ≤1.6, or ≤1.4, or ≤1.3. A composition of any one of the above M3] to Q3], wherein component e is selected from acrylic polymer emulsions and acrylic styrene copolymer emulsions. S3] The composition according to any one of A] to R3] above, wherein the composition further comprises, as component f, at least one additive, moreover at least two additives, and moreover at least three additives. The composition according to S3] above, wherein at least one additive of component f is selected from the following freeze-thaw stabilizers, dispersants, wetting agents, defoaming agents, rheology modifiers, fusion aids, or combinations thereof. The composition according to S3] or T3] above, wherein component f [U3] contains three types of rheological modifiers. The composition according to any one of the above S3] to U3], wherein component f [V3] comprises a freeze-thaw stabilizer, a dispersant, a wetting agent, an antifoaming agent, three types of rheological modifiers, and a fusion aid. The composition according to any one of S3] to V3] above, wherein component f is present in an amount of ≥3.0% by weight, or 3.5% by weight, or ≥4.0% by weight, or ≥4.2% by weight, or ≥4.4% by weight, or ≥4.6% by weight, or ≥4.8% by weight, or ≥5.0% by weight, and / or in an amount of ≤10% by weight, or ≤9.0% by weight, or ≤8.0% by weight, or ≤7.0% by weight, or ≤6.0% by weight, or ≤5.5% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of A] to W3] above, wherein component a is present in an amount of ≥0.005% by weight, or ≥0.01% by weight, or ≥0.02% by weight, or ≥0.03% by weight, or ≥0.04% by weight, or ≥0.05% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of A] to X3] above, wherein component a is present in an amount of ≤3.0% by weight, or ≤2.0% by weight, or ≤1.0% by weight, or ≤0.50% by weight, or ≤0.20% by weight, or ≤0.10% by weight, or ≤0.08% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of A] to Y3] above, wherein component b is present in an amount of ≥2.0% by weight, or 3.0% by weight, or ≥4.0% by weight, or ≥5.0% by weight, or ≥6.0% by weight, or ≥7.0% by weight, or ≥8.0% by weight, or ≥9.0% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. A4] The composition according to any one of A] to Z3] above, wherein component b is present in an amount of ≤50% by weight, or ≤45% by weight, or ≤40% by weight, or ≤35% by weight, or ≤30% by weight, or ≤25% by weight, or ≤20% by weight, or ≤15% by weight, or ≤12% by weight, or ≤11% by weight, or ≤10% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. B4] The composition according to any one of A] to A4] above, wherein the sum of component a and component b is present in an amount of ≥5.0% by weight, or 6.0% by weight, or ≥7.0% by weight, or 8.0% by weight, or ≥9.0% by weight, or ≥9.2% by weight, or ≥9.5% by weight, or ≥9.7% by weight, or ≥10% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. C4) The composition according to any one of A] to B4] above, wherein the sum of component a and component b is present in an amount of ≤25% by weight, or ≤22% by weight, or ≤20% by weight, or ≤18% by weight, or ≤16% by weight, or ≤14% by weight, or ≤12% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of the above O2] to C4], wherein the sum of components a, b, and c is present in an amount of ≥30% by weight, or 32% by weight, or ≥35% by weight, or ≥38% by weight, or ≥40% by weight, or 42% by weight, or ≥44% by weight, or ≥46% by weight, or ≥48% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. E4] The composition according to any one of O2] to D4] above, wherein the sum of components a, b, and c is present in an amount of ≤60% by weight, or ≤58% by weight, or ≤56% by weight, or ≤54% by weight, or ≤52% by weight, or ≤50% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. F4] The composition according to any one of D3] to E4] above, wherein the sum of components a, b, and d is present in an amount of ≥20% by weight, or 25% by weight, or ≥30% by weight, or ≥32% by weight, or ≥35% by weight, or ≥38% by weight, or ≥39% by weight, or ≥40% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of D3] to F4] above, wherein the sum of components a, b, and d is present in an amount of ≤60% by weight, or ≤55% by weight, or ≤52% by weight, or ≤50% by weight, or ≤48% by weight, or ≤46% by weight, or ≤45% by weight, or ≤44% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of D3] to G4] above, wherein the sum of components a, b, c, and d is present in an amount of ≥70% by weight, or 72% by weight, or ≥74% by weight, or ≥76% by weight, or ≥78% by weight, or ≥80% by weight, or ≥82% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. I4] The composition according to any one of D3] to H4] above, wherein the sum of components a, b, c, and d is present in an amount of ≤95% by weight, or ≤90% by weight, or ≤88% by weight, or ≤86% by weight, or ≤84% by weight, or ≤83% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of M3] to I4] above, wherein the sum of components a, b, c, d, and e is present in an amount of ≥80% by weight, or 85% by weight, or ≥90% by weight, or ≥92% by weight, or ≥93% by weight, or ≥94% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of M3] to J4] above, wherein the sum of components a, b, c, d, and e is present in an amount of ≤100% by weight, or ≤99% by weight, or ≤98% by weight, or ≤97% by weight, or ≤96% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. The composition according to any one of A] to K4] above, wherein the composition has scrubbing resistance indicated by the number of scrubbing strokes required to crack the coating formed from the composition being ≥1800, or ≥1850, or ≥1900, or ≥1920, or ≥1950, or ≥1980, or ≥2000, and / or ≤5000, or ≤4000. See the Experiment section. The composition according to any one of A] to L4] above, wherein the composition has thermal storage stability indicated by a pH increase rate (%) of ≤1.0, or ≤0.80, or ≤0.60, or ≤0.40, or ≤0.20, or ≤0.10 and / or ≥0. See the experimental section (circulating air at 50°C for 10 days). The composition according to any one of A] to M4] above, wherein the composition N4] has freeze-thaw stability indicated by a pH increase rate (%) of ≤3.0, or ≤2.8, or ≤2.6, or ≤2.4, or ≤2.3, or ≤2.2 and / or ≥0.1. See the section on experiments (16 hours at -6°C, air, then 8 hours at a temperature of 22°C to 23°C, air). The composition according to any one of A] to N4] above, wherein the composition has thermal storage stability indicated by a KU viscosity increase rate (%) of ≤9.0, or ≤8.5, or ≤8.0, or ≤7.5, or ≤7.0, or ≤6.5 and / or ≥0.1. See the experimental section (circulating air at 50°C for 10 days). The composition according to any one of A] to O4] above, wherein the composition has freeze-thaw stability indicated by a KU viscosity increase rate (%) of ≤15, or ≤10, or ≤8.0, or ≤6.0, or ≤5.0, or ≤4.5, or ≤4.3, or ≤4.2 and / or ≥0.5. See the section on experiments (16 hours at -6°C, then 8 hours at a temperature of 22°C to 23°C, then air). Q4] The composition according to any one of A] to P4] above, wherein the composition has a KU viscosity of ≤500, or ≤400, or ≤300, or ≤250, or ≤200, or ≤150, or ≤140, or ≤130, or ≤125, and / or ≥≥80, or ≥90, or ≥95, or ≥100, or ≥105, or ≥110, or ≥115 after 24 hours at a temperature of 22°C to 23°C in ambient atmosphere. The composition according to any one of A] to Q4] above, wherein the composition R4] has a pH value of ≥7.88, or ≥7.89, or ≥7.90, or ≥7.91 and / or ≤10.0, or ≤9.50, or ≤9.00, or ≤8.50, or ≤8.20, or ≤8.20, or ≤8.08, or ≤8.06, or ≤8.04, or ≤8.02, or ≤8.00n after 24 hours at a temperature of 22°C to 23°C in ambient atmosphere. S4] A composition according to any one of A] to R4] above, wherein the composition contains ≤1.0 ppm, or ≤0.50 ppm, or ≤0.20 ppm, or ≤0.10 ppm, or ≤0.05 ppm, or ≤0.02 ppm, or ≤0.01 ppm of fluorocarbons based on the weight of the composition, and further, the composition does not contain fluorocarbons. The composition according to any one of A] to S4] above, wherein the composition contains ≤1.0 ppm, or ≤0.50 ppm, or ≤0.20 ppm, or ≤0.10 ppm, or ≤0.05 ppm, or ≤0.02 ppm, or ≤0.01 ppm of fluorocarbon polymer based on the weight of the composition, and further, the composition does not contain fluorocarbon polymer. The composition according to any one of A] to T4] above, wherein the composition contains ≤1.0 ppm, or ≤0.50 ppm, or ≤0.20 ppm, or ≤0.10 ppm, or ≤0.05 ppm, or ≤0.02 ppm, or ≤0.01 ppm of fluorocarbon polymer emulsion based on the weight of the composition, and further, the composition does not contain fluorocarbon polymer emulsion. The composition according to any one of A] to U4] above, wherein the composition contains an epoxy polymer in an amount of ≤1.0 ppm, or ≤0.50 ppm, or ≤0.20 ppm, or ≤0.10 ppm, or ≤0.05 ppm, or ≤0.02 ppm, or ≤0.01 ppm, based on the weight of the composition, and further, the composition does not contain an epoxy polymer. The composition according to any one of A] to V4] above, wherein the composition contains a halogenated polymer in an amount of ≤1.0 ppm, or ≤0.50 ppm, or ≤0.20 ppm, or ≤0.10 ppm, or ≤0.05 ppm, or ≤0.02 ppm, or ≤0.01 ppm, based on the weight of the composition, and further, the composition does not contain a halogenated polymer. The composition according to any one of A] to W4], wherein the composition X4] is a paint or coating. A5) A process for forming the composition described in any one of A) to X4) above, comprising mixing at least components a and b. The process according to A5], wherein the process comprises mixing at least components a and b in the presence of at least a portion of component d (water). The process according to A5] or B5] above, wherein the mixing is carried out in the presence of component c (at least one type of filler), component d (water), component e (polymer emulsion), and component f (at least one type of additive). D5] The process described in any one of A5] to C5] above, wherein mixing is performed at ≥200 rpm, or ≥300 rpm, or ≥400 rpm, or ≥500 rpm, or ≥600 rpm, or ≥700 rpm, or ≥800 rpm. E5] The process described in any one of A5] to D5] above, wherein mixing is performed at ≤4000 rpm, or ≤3500 rpm, or ≤3000 rpm, or ≤2500 rpm, or ≤2000 rpm, or ≤1900 rpm, or ≤1800 rpm. F5] A process for coating a surface, comprising applying one of the compositions described in A] to X4] above to the surface. The process described in F5 above, wherein the surface is a cement surface, a wood surface, a plastic surface, a metal surface, a ceramic surface, or a fabric surface, or even a cement surface, a wood surface, a plastic surface, or a metal surface. A6] An article comprising at least one component formed from any one of the compositions described in A) to X4) above. B6] The article described in A5 above, which has a coated surface. C6] An article comprising at least one component formed from any one of the processes described in A5] to G5] above. The article described in C6) above, wherein the surface is coated in D6. E6] The article described in B6] or D6] above, wherein the surface is a cement surface, a wood surface, a plastic surface, a metal surface, a ceramic surface, or a fabric surface, and furthermore, a cement surface, a wood surface, a plastic surface, or a metal surface. [Examples]

[0076] The reagents are listed in Table 1. The boiling points of the amines are listed in Tables 2A and 2B.

[0077] [Table 1]

[0078] [Table 2] Note: Amines with a boiling point below 250°C (at 760 mmHg) are considered VOCs in coating applications. ** Please refer to Table 2B below.

[0079] [Table 3] * Please refer to Figure 1. ** Average = [(Prediction + Extrapolation) / 2]

[0080] composition The compositions are shown in Table 3 below.

[0081] [Table 4]

[0082] Preparation of composition Each composition was prepared at room temperature (ambient atmosphere). Each composition was prepared using a grinding process and a letdown process, which are described below.

[0083] Grinding process: A dispersion plate (approximately 5 cm in diameter) was placed in a disperser (model: SFJ-400, manufactured by Shanghai Tianchen). Next, 260 g of water was added to a 1-liter stainless steel cup. NATROSOL 250 HBR was added to the steel cup, and the contents of the cup were dispersed at 450 rpm for 10 minutes. A pH neutralizer was added to the contents of the steel cup. The dispersed mixture in the cup gradually thickened in about 5 minutes. Next, TERGITAL CA-90, OROTAN 1288, BYK-024, and propylene glycol were added to the thickened mixture, and the contents of the cup were dispersed for a further 10 minutes (450 rpm). Titanium dioxide and fillers were added to the mixture while gradually increasing the dispersion speed up to 1800 rpm as the viscosity increased. The mixture was dispersed for a further 30 minutes to ensure the homogeneity of the mixture as determined by visual inspection.

[0084] Letdown process: The dispersion plate was replaced with a stirrer (approximately 5 cm in diameter), and the mixture was stirred at 1800 rpm. PRIMAL SF-105, UCAR Filmer IBT, and BYK-024 were added to the mixture, respectively. As the viscosity decreased, the stirring speed was gradually reduced to 800 rpm. Stirring at 800 rpm was maintained for 15 minutes. Next, ACRYSOL TT-935 was added to the mixture, and as the viscosity increased, the stirring speed was increased to 1800 rpm and stirred for 10 minutes. Finally, the remaining water was added to the mixture, and the final mixture was stirred for another 10 minutes. Each composition was evaluated as described below.

[0085] Composition - Thickening Efficiency For each composition, the KU viscosity was measured at the following stages of composition preparation and storage: a) after the pH neutralizer was added to the formulation (grinding process) and the formulation thickened; b) after the grinding process was completed (after dispersing the mixture at 1800 rpm for 30 minutes); c) after the let-down process was completed (after stirring the mixture at 1800 rpm for 10 minutes); and d) after the composition was stored for 24 hours at a temperature of 22°C to 23°C in an ambient atmosphere. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0086] KU viscosity was measured at a temperature of 22°C–23°C using a Brookfield viscometer (Model KU-2 Digital Stomer viscometer) according to ASTM D562. Each composition (500 g) was poured into a 500 mL plastic cylindrical container, and the container was placed under the KU viscometer. The viscometer was powered on, and the operating handle was moved to the lowest position. The paddle spindle (compliant with ASTM D562) was immersed in the center of the sample. The spindle did not touch the sides of the container. The display reading was stabilized (approximately 5 seconds), and the viscosity of the composition was recorded (in Krebs units (or KU)). The operating handle was raised to the upper position, and the paddle spindle was removed and cleaned. Three viscosity measurements were performed for each composition, and the average was reported.

[0087] [Table 5]

[0088] Storage stability and scrub resistance Thermal storage stability: According to the test method GB / T6753.3-1986, 200g of the composition was sealed (in a capped plastic (PP) jar, with the composition in an air atmosphere) and placed in a 50°C oven (circulating air oven) for 10 days. pH and KU viscosity were measured before (initial reading) and after (final reading) thermal storage. pH was measured using a Mettler Toledo SevenCompact pH meter. KU viscosity was measured using a Brookfield KU viscometer as described above. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0089] Freeze-thaw storage stability: According to GB / T 9168-2008, the composition (200g) was sealed (in a capped plastic (PP) jar, with the composition in an air atmosphere) and placed in a refrigerator set to -6°C for 16 hours in an air atmosphere, followed by 8 hours at a temperature of 22°C-23°C (in an air atmosphere). This freeze-thaw storage process was repeated for three cycles. pH and KU viscosity were measured before (initial reading) and after (final reading) these three cycles of freeze-thaw storage. pH was measured using a Mettler Toledo SevenCompact pH meter. KU viscosity was measured using a Brookfield KU viscometer as described above. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0090] Scrub resistance For each composition, the composition was applied to a cement board (Shanghai Modern Instrument) using an applicator (Shanghai Modern Instrument, SZQ-150μm) according to GB / T9266-2009. Each coating had a film thickness of 250μm. The applicator had a 250μm groove to ensure a wet coating thickness of 250μm. The coated cement boards were dried for 7 days (ambient pressure) at 23±2℃ and 50±5%RH to obtain a dry coating. The aqueous scrubbing solution had a pH value in the range of 9.5 to 11.0 and consisted of 5% by weight of detergent powder in water (brand: ARIEL, manufactured by P&G) based on the weight of the solution. The scrubbing test was performed using an "Auto Scrub Machine" (wet abrasive scrub tester, REF 903) available from SHEEN, equipped with a natural bristle brush. The brush movement was horizontal, and the scrubbing speed was 37 cycles per minute. Each cycle represented two horizontal strokes: one across the dry coating and one across and back. Scrub resistance was recorded as the number of strokes required to cause damage to the coating, as observed by visual inspection. Damage occurred across the entire thickness of the coating. Two test samples were tested for each composition, and the average was recorded. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0091] [Table 6] * pH increase rate (%) = {[(Final pH) - (Initial pH)] / (Initial pH)} × 100 ** KU viscosity increase rate (%) = {[(final viscosity) - (initial viscosity)] / (initial viscosity)} × 100

[0092] Summary of Results As shown in Table 4, the KU viscosity values ​​of compositions IE1 and IE2 were higher than the corresponding values ​​for composition CE1. These results indicate that the viscosity-enhancing efficiencies of IE1 and IE2 are higher than those of CE1.

[0093] This may be due to the multiple hydroxyl groups in the structure of the cyclic amine. These hydroxyl groups likely participate in hydrogen bonding, forming a denser network structure, which leads to increased viscosity. Compositions IE1 and IE2 maintained lower pH values ​​compared to CE1 and CE2, and these lower pH values ​​did not affect the higher viscosity of each corresponding composition.

[0094] As shown in Table 5, the "KU viscosity increase rate" values ​​for thermal storage and freeze-thaw storage were lower for IE1 and IE2 compositions compared to CE1 and CE2 compositions. IE1 and IE2 compositions also exhibited lower "pH increase rates" during thermal storage. These results indicate that IE1 and IE2 compositions were more stable during thermal storage and freeze-thaw storage compared to CE1 and CE2 compositions, respectively.

[0095] The scrubbing resistance of compositions IE1 and IE2 was better than that of composition CE1, demonstrating good abrasion resistance. Composition IE1 was superior to both compositions CE1 and CE2 in terms of scrubbing resistance.

Claims

1. A composition comprising at least the following components a) and b, namely, a) Structure 1), 2), 3), 【Chemistry 1】 Structure 1) (wherein R1 is a C1-C6 alkoxyl group, R2 is H or an alkyl group, and R3 is H or a C1-C6 alkoxyl group), 【Chemistry 2】 Structure 2) (wherein R1 is a C1-C6 alkoxyl group, and R2 is H or an alkyl group), 【Transformation 3】 Structure 3) (wherein R1 is a C1-C6 alkoxyl group and R2 is H or an alkyl group), at least one structure selected from these or any combination thereof, and b) A composition comprising at least one inorganic metal oxide.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of component b to component a is 40 to 500.

3. Component a is the structure shown below, 1a) to 4g), i.e., 1a) 【Chemistry 4】 (In the formula, n is an integer from 1 to 6, and m is an integer from 1 to 6.) 1b) 【Transformation 5】 (In the formula, n is an integer from 1 to 6, m is an integer from 1 to 6, and p is an integer from 0 to 5.) 1c) 【Transformation 6】 (In the formula, n is an integer between 1 and 6.) 1d) 【Transformation 7】 (In the formula, n is an integer from 1 to 6, and p is an integer from 0 to 5.) 2c) 【Transformation 8】 (In the formula, n is an integer between 1 and 6.) 2d) 【Chemistry 9】 (In the formula, n is an integer from 1 to 6, and p is an integer from 0 to 5.) 3e) 【Chemistry 10】 (In the formula, n is an integer between 1 and 6.) 3f) 【Chemistry 11】 At least one structure selected from the group consisting of (wherein n is an integer from 1 to 6, and p is an integer from 0 to 5), and 4 g) The composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, selected from any combination thereof.

4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, with respect to component a, structure 1), 2), or 3) each independently has a boiling point of 250°C or higher (at 760 mmHg).

5. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein component a is selected from structure 1).

6. The composition according to claim 5, wherein component a is at least one structure selected from the group consisting of the following structures 1a), 1b, and 4g) shown above.

7. The first composition according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein component a is at least one structurally selected structure 1a).

8. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein component b is a metal dioxide.

9. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the composition further comprises at least one type of filler as component c.

10. The composition according to claim 9, wherein the composition comprises at least three types of fillers (F1, F2, and F3) as component c.

11. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the composition further comprises water as component d.

12. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the composition further comprises a polymer emulsion as component e.

13. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein component b is present in an amount of 0.005% to 3.0% by weight, based on the weight of the composition.

14. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein component b is present in an amount of 2.0% to 50% by weight, based on the weight of the composition.

15. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the composition has scrubbing resistance with a stroke count of 1800 or more.

16. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the composition has thermal storage stability indicated by a pH increase rate (%) of 1.0 or less.

17. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the composition has thermal storage stability indicated by a KU viscosity increase rate (%) of 9.0 or less.

18. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the composition is a paint or coating.

19. A process for forming the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 18, comprising mixing at least components a and b.

20. An article comprising at least one component formed from the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

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