Invert concrete casting equipment
The invert concrete pouring equipment addresses inefficiencies in tunnel construction by allowing simultaneous pouring of multiple layers without lane restrictions and specialized machinery, enhancing efficiency and reducing costs through a stationary pump, supply switching unit, and support members embedded in concrete.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- OKUMURA CORP
- Filing Date
- 2023-03-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-11
Smart Images
Figure 0007873199000001 
Figure 0007873199000002 
Figure 0007873199000003
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to placing equipment for an invert.
Background Art
[0002] In tunnel construction, due to pressure pushed up from the lower side of the tunnel bottom caused by ground swelling or the like occurring under the tunnel bottom, an inverted arch-shaped concrete structure called an invert is provided at the tunnel bottom (between the base portions of both side walls inside the tunnel) to withstand such pressure.
[0003] In the placing work of the invert, there are cases where the placing work is carried out in half sections while restricting the traffic lanes one by one in a two-lane tunnel. Also, when thickening the invert or the like, it is necessary to place the concrete in multiple layers, such as stacking and placing the second layer of concrete on the first layer of concrete.
[0004] Regarding the placing technique of the invert, for example, it is described in Patent Document 1, and a placing system having a placing pipe for supplying concrete for placing the invert, a carriage on which the placing pipe can be placed, and a rail on which the carriage can move is disclosed.
Prior Art Documents
Patent Documents
[0005]
Patent Document 1
Summary of the Invention
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0006] By the way, when concrete pouring work is carried out on the invert while restricting lanes one lane at a time, only the other lane can be used because one lane in the tunnel is in use. Therefore, it is difficult to secure space to turn around the concrete pump truck that is supplying the concrete for pouring.
[0007] Therefore, in considering methods for concrete placement without using concrete pump trucks, we considered a method of supplying concrete from a stationary pump to the invert placement site via a concrete distribution device called a distributor. However, within the narrow area of the tunnel regulations, the distributor's long boom must be operated with the utmost care to prevent it from entering the lane that is in use, which presents a challenge in that the efficiency of the invert placement work is significantly reduced.
[0008] Furthermore, the technology described in Patent Document 1 has the drawbacks of requiring a long time to install the rails, reducing work efficiency, and being unable to accommodate the case where concrete is poured in multiple layers when constructing the invert, as described above.
[0009] Furthermore, both when using a distributor and in the case of Patent Document 1, dedicated equipment is required, which presents the challenge of increased costs associated with invert concrete pouring work.
[0010] This invention was made in light of the above-mentioned technical background, and aims to provide a technology that can improve the efficiency of invert concrete pouring work.
[0011] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a technology that can also handle the pouring work of an invert with a two-layer concrete integrated structure.
[0012] Another object of the present invention is to provide a technology that can reduce the costs associated with invert concrete pouring work. [Means for solving the problem]
[0013] To solve the above problems, the invert concrete pouring equipment of the present invention described in claim 1 comprises: concrete supply means for supplying concrete to the pouring area of the invert; a first pouring pipe comprising a plurality of first piping sections arranged along the concrete supply direction and detachably connected to each other, installed in the pouring area of the invert and supplying the first layer of concrete of the invert; a second pouring pipe comprising a plurality of second piping sections arranged along the concrete supply direction and detachably connected to each other, installed above the first pouring pipe and supplying the second layer of concrete onto the pouring surface of the first layer of concrete; and in the pouring area of the invert The invention is characterized by comprising: a plurality of support members erected in a row along the longitudinal direction of the second concrete pouring pipe to support the second concrete pouring pipe; a concrete supply destination switching means installed between the first and second concrete pouring pipes and the concrete supply means, connected to the first and second concrete pouring pipes and the concrete supply means, for switching the destination of the concrete supplied from the concrete supply means to either the first or the second concrete pouring pipe; and a flexible pipe detachably provided at the tip of the first or second concrete pouring pipe to guide the discharge destination of the concrete.
[0014] The invert concrete pouring equipment of the present invention as described in claim 2 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 1, the support member is installed such that the highest part of the support member is located below the upper surface of the second layer of concrete by a predetermined thickness.
[0015] The invert concrete pouring equipment of the present invention as described in claim 3 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 1, the support member comprises a support leg, a jig detachably provided on the top of the support leg, and a pipe holding portion connected to the jig and provided above the pouring surface of the second layer of concrete, and holding the second pouring pipe, wherein the support leg is provided with its top located below the pouring surface of the second layer of concrete.
[0016] The invert concrete pouring equipment of the present invention as described in claim 4 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 3, the support leg is installed such that the top of the support leg is located below the upper surface of the second layer of concrete by a predetermined thickness.
[0017] The invert concrete casting equipment of the present invention as described in claim 5 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 3 or 4, the pipe holding portion is provided in a state that extends along the second concrete casting pipe and is supported by a plurality of support legs of the plurality of support members and a plurality of jigs.
[0018] The invert concrete pouring equipment of the present invention as described in claim 6 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 1, the support member comprises a support leg and a pipe holding part that is detachably provided on the top of the arm of the support leg and holds the second concrete pouring pipe, wherein the top of the arm and the pipe holding part are located above the pouring surface of the second layer of concrete. [Effects of the Invention]
[0019] According to the present invention, it becomes possible to improve the efficiency of concrete pouring work for inverts.
[0020] Furthermore, according to the present invention, it becomes possible to handle the pouring work of an invert with a two-layer concrete integrated structure.
[0021] In addition, according to the present invention, it becomes possible to reduce the cost associated with the placement work of the invert.
[0022] In addition, according to the present invention, after securing a concrete layer of a predetermined thickness on the support member on which the second placement pipe is placed, the support member is left in the concrete layer for constructing the invert, so that the removal work of the support member can be omitted.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0023] [Figure 1] It is an explanatory view of the invert placement equipment of the first embodiment of the present invention as seen from the side of the tunnel. [Figure 2] (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the supply destination switching part constituting the invert placement equipment of FIG. 1, (b) is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the main part at the connection part between the piping parts of the placement pipe constituting the invert placement equipment of FIG. 1, and (c) is a front view of an example of the support member constituting the invert placement equipment of FIG. 1. [Figure 3] It is an explanatory view of the invert placement equipment in the process of invert placement as seen from the side of the tunnel. [Figure 4] It is an explanatory view of the invert placement equipment in the process of invert placement after the process of FIG. 3 as seen from the side of the tunnel. [Figure 5] It is an explanatory view of the invert placement equipment in the process of invert placement after the process of FIG. 4 as seen from the side of the tunnel. [Figure 6] It is an explanatory view of the invert placement equipment in the process of invert placement after the process of FIG. 5 as seen from the side of the tunnel. [Figure 7] It is an explanatory view of the invert placement equipment in the process of invert placement after the process of FIG. 6 as seen from the side of the tunnel. [Figure 8] It is an explanatory view of the invert placement equipment in the process of invert placement after the process of FIG. 7 as seen from the side of the tunnel. [Figure 9] It is an explanatory view of the invert placement equipment in the process of invert placement after the process of FIG. 8 as seen from the side of the tunnel. [Figure 10](a) is an explanatory diagram of the invert concrete placement equipment in the invert concrete placement process after the process shown in Figure 9, viewed from the side of the tunnel, and (b) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area enclosed by the dashed line in Figure 10(a). [Figure 11] (a) is an explanatory diagram of the invert concrete pouring equipment of the second embodiment as seen from the side of the tunnel, and (b) is an enlarged side view of the main part of the area enclosed by the dashed line in Figure 11(a). [Figure 12] This is an explanatory diagram showing the main parts of the invert concrete placement equipment during the invert concrete placement process, viewed from the side of the tunnel. [Figure 13] (a) is an explanatory diagram of the main parts of the invert concrete placement equipment as seen from the side of the tunnel during the invert concrete placement process after Figure 12, and (b) is an explanatory diagram of the main parts of the invert concrete placement equipment as seen from the side of the tunnel during the invert concrete placement process after Figure 13(a). [Figure 14] (a) is an explanatory diagram showing the main part of the invert concrete placement equipment in the invert concrete placement process after Figure 13(b), viewed from the side of the tunnel, and (b) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area enclosed by the dashed line in Figure 14(a). [Figure 15] This is an explanatory diagram showing the invert concrete placement equipment of the third embodiment as viewed from the side of the tunnel. [Figure 16] (a) is a front view of the support member in Figure 15, (b) is a side view of the support member in Figure 16(a), and (c) is a perspective view of the pipe holding portion that constitutes the support member in Figures 16(a) and (b). [Figure 17] (a) is an explanatory diagram showing the main part of the invert concrete placement equipment during the invert concrete placement process, viewed from the side of the tunnel, and (b) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area enclosed by the dashed line in Figure 17(a). [Figure 18] (a) is an explanatory diagram showing the main part of the invert concrete placement equipment in the invert concrete placement process after Figure 17, viewed from the side of the tunnel, and (b) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area enclosed by the dashed line in Figure 18(a). [Figure 19] (a) is an explanatory diagram showing the main part of the invert concrete placement equipment in the invert concrete placement process after Figure 18, viewed from the side of the tunnel, and (b) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area enclosed by the dashed line in Figure 19(a). [Figure 20](a) is an explanatory diagram of the main parts of the invert concrete placement equipment as seen from the side of the tunnel during the invert concrete placement process, and (b) is an explanatory diagram of the main parts of the invert concrete placement equipment as seen from the side of the tunnel during the invert concrete placement process after Figure 20(a). [Modes for carrying out the invention]
[0024] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings used to illustrate the embodiments, the same reference numerals are generally used for identical components, and repeated descriptions of such components will be omitted.
[0025] (First Embodiment)
[0026] Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram of the invert concrete casting equipment of the first embodiment as seen from the side of the tunnel, Figure 2(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the supply destination switching section that constitutes the invert concrete casting equipment of Figure 1, Figure 2(b) is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the main part of the connection between the piping sections of the concrete casting piping that constitutes the invert concrete casting equipment of Figure 1, and Figure 2(c) is a front view of an example of a support member that constitutes the invert concrete casting equipment of Figure 1.
[0027] As shown in Figure 1, the invert concrete placement equipment CE of this embodiment is a concrete placement equipment for placing a two-layer concrete integrated invert at the bottom of, for example, a mountain tunnel, and comprises a stationary pump P, a supply destination switching unit SW, a first concrete placement pipe FCP, a second concrete placement pipe SCP, a plurality of support members S, and a flexible hose FH. Although not particularly limited, the length La of the concrete placement area is, for example, about 10.5 to 15 m.
[0028] The stationary pump P is a concrete supply means that pushes the concrete flowing into the hopper H and pumps it to the concrete placement site. A supply destination switching unit SW is installed downstream of this stationary pump P.
[0029] The supply destination switching unit SW is a concrete switching means that switches the supply destination of concrete sent from the stationary pump P to either the first concrete placement pipe FCP or the second concrete placement pipe SCP, and comprises a branch pipe BP and a switching valve V.
[0030] The branch pipe BP is, for example, made up of a Y-shaped pipe and integrally comprises one inlet pipe section BP1 and two outlet pipe sections BP2 and BP3 connected to the inlet pipe section BP1. The inlet of the inlet pipe section BP1 is connected to the concrete discharge port of the stationary pump P, the outlet of the outlet pipe section BP2 is connected to the first concrete placement pipe FCP, and the outlet of the outlet pipe section BP3 is connected to the second concrete placement pipe SCP.
[0031] The switching valve V is composed of a fluid gate valve, such as a pin valve, and is installed at the inlet of the outlet pipes BP2 and BP3. As shown in Figure 2(a), the switching valve V comprises a valve operating section Vc for operating the opening and closing of the valve, a plurality of gate pins Vp provided so as to protrude downward from the lower surface of the valve operating section Vc, and a plurality of through holes Vh drilled in the upper part of the outlet pipes BP2 and BP3. The plurality of gate pins Vs and the plurality of through holes Vh are arranged in parallel along a direction intersecting the longitudinal direction of the outlet pipes BP2 and BP3 (the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper in Figure 2).
[0032] When switching the flow path using the switching valve V, the flow paths of the outlet pipe sections BP2 and BP3 on the side where concrete is not flowed are closed, and the flow paths of the outlet pipe sections BP2 and BP3 on the side where concrete is flowed are opened. To close the flow paths of the outlet pipe sections BP2 and BP3, the valve operating section Vc of the switching valve V is pushed down to insert multiple partition pins Vp into the outlet pipe sections BP2 and BP3 through multiple through holes Vh. On the other hand, to open the flow paths of the outlet pipe sections BP2 and BP3, the valve operating section Vc is pulled up to remove the partition pins Vp from inside the outlet pipe sections BP2 and BP3.
[0033] However, the switching valve V is not limited to a pin valve and can be changed in various ways; for example, a shutter valve may be used. In the case of a shutter valve, a partition plate is installed instead of the partition pin Vp.
[0034] As shown in Figure 1, downstream of the supply destination switching unit SW, a first concrete placement pipe FCP for supplying the first layer of concrete for the invert is placed directly on the excavation bottom surface of the ground G in the placement area.
[0035] However, while this example illustrates the case where the first concrete pouring pipe FCP is placed directly on the excavation bottom surface of the natural ground G, it is not limited to this. For example, when the invert concrete is made of reinforced concrete, the first concrete pouring pipe FCP is placed directly on top of the reinforcing bars that make up the invert.
[0036] This first concrete placement piping FCP is constructed by having multiple piping sections (first piping sections) CP1 connected to each other in a detachable manner along its longitudinal direction (i.e., the direction of concrete supply). The piping sections CP1 are made of steel to withstand the pressure of concrete being pumped.
[0037] As shown in Figure 2(b), the pipe sections CP1, CP1 are detachably connected to each other by, for example, a ring-type Victultic joint member Jv. At both longitudinal ends of the pipe section CP1, radially protruding locking portions (flanges) CPk are integrally formed. The pipe sections CP1, CP1 are then detachably connected by attaching the Victultic joint member Jv to the outer circumference of both locking portions CPk, CPk via sealing members SL, with their respective locking portions CPk, CPk facing each other.
[0038] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2(c), the first concrete-casting pipe FCP is installed on the outside of the support member S. This is because if the first concrete-casting pipe FCP were placed below the support member S, it would get in the way when removing the pipe, as will be described later, reducing work efficiency. Therefore, the first concrete-casting pipe FCP is installed on the outside of the support member S, and the positions of the first concrete-casting pipe FCP and the second concrete-casting pipe SCP are offset from each other in the lateral direction (short direction of the pipe) as shown in Figure 2(c). This improves the efficiency of the concrete-casting work for the invert.
[0039] On the other hand, as shown in Figure 1, downstream of the supply destination switching unit SW, a second concrete pouring pipe SCP for supplying the second layer of concrete to the invert is installed above the first concrete pouring pipe FCP, along the first concrete pouring pipe FCP. This second concrete pouring pipe SCP is composed of multiple pipe sections (second pipe sections) CP2 connected to each other in a detachable manner along its longitudinal direction (i.e., the direction of concrete supply). Note that the same pipe sections CP2 as those used for the pipe section CP1 described above are used, and the structure of the pipe sections CP2 and the connections between CP2 are the same as those explained in Figure 2(b).
[0040] This second concrete-casting pipe SCP is supported by multiple support members S. The support members S are installed in a row along the longitudinal direction of the second concrete-casting pipe SCP at predetermined intervals. Furthermore, the lower part of the support members S is driven into the ground G and firmly fixed in place.
[0041] Furthermore, if the invert concrete is made of reinforced concrete as described above, the support member S may be installed on top of the reinforcing bars that make up the invert (the uppermost reinforcing bars), and the lower part of the support member S may be firmly fixed to the said reinforcing bars (the uppermost reinforcing bars). In this case, the lower part of the support member S is located above the upper surface of the ground G and does not come into contact with the ground G.
[0042] As shown in Figure 2(c), the support member S comprises a support leg Sk1 and a pipe holding portion Sh1 above it. The support leg Sk1 is the part that supports the pipe holding portion Sh1, and the pipe holding portion Sh1 is the part that holds and supports the second concrete pouring pipe SCP. The support leg Sk1 and the pipe holding portion Sh1 are made of, for example, steel and are integrally formed.
[0043] In this embodiment, the highest part of the support member S (i.e., the highest part of the pipe holding part Sh1) is installed so that it is located below a predetermined thickness (hereinafter referred to as the cover thickness) T from the top surface CSS of the second layer of concrete. By ensuring this cover thickness T, as will be described later, even if the support member S is left in the invert concrete, damage to the invert concrete due to corrosion of the steel can be prevented. Note that the top surface CSF in Figure 2(c) refers to the top surface of the first layer of concrete.
[0044] As shown in Figure 1, the flexible hose FH is a flexible pipe that guides the concrete discharge point. This flexible hose FH is also called a flexible pipe, flexible tube, or flexible pipe, and is made of a metal hose with excellent flexibility and pressure resistance. Although the flexible hose FH is rigid because it is made of metal, it is designed to be easily bent by adopting a corrugated shape such as a tube or braided design.
[0045] Figure 1 shows a case where the flexible hose FH is detachably connected to the tip of the first concrete casting pipe FCP. However, the flexible hose FH can be detachably attached to either the tip of the pipe section CP1 of the first concrete casting pipe FCP or the pipe section CP2 of the second concrete casting pipe SCP.
[0046] Next, an example of the invert concrete placement method of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 3 to 10. Figures 3 to 10(a) are explanatory diagrams of the invert concrete placement equipment viewed from the side of the tunnel during the invert concrete placement process, and Figure 10(b) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area enclosed by the dashed line in Figure 10(a). In addition, hatching has been added to the concrete in Figures 3 to 10(a) to make the drawings easier to read.
[0047] In this embodiment, for example, in a two-lane tunnel, the invert construction work is carried out in half-sections at a time while restricting lane access one lane at a time. That is, for example, of the two lanes in the tunnel, one lane is kept open to traffic, and the adjacent lane is used as the area for construction work to build the invert.
[0048] First, as shown in Figure 3, a stationary pump P, a supply destination switching unit SW, a first concrete placement pipe FCP, a support member S, and a second concrete placement pipe SCP are installed in the concrete placement area of the invert. Then, a flexible hose FH is connected to the tip of the first concrete placement pipe FCP. Furthermore, the supply destination switching unit SW is configured so that concrete flows only through the first concrete placement pipe FCP by opening the flow path of the outlet pipe BP2 and closing the flow path of the outlet pipe BP3.
[0049] Next, the placement of the first layer of concrete CC1 is started. Specifically, the concrete CC1, which has flowed into the stationary pump P through the hopper H, is pumped by the stationary pump P into the first placement pipe FCP, and then discharged to the placement site of the invert from the discharge port of the flexible hose FH connected to the end of the first placement pipe FCP. At this time, the concrete CC1 is discharged to the placement site of the invert while swinging the flexible hose FH from side to side.
[0050] After the concrete CC1 has been poured around the mounting position of the flexible hose FH (a predetermined first area), as shown in Figure 4, the flexible hose FH connected to the piping section CP1 at the tip of the first concrete pouring pipe FCP is removed, and then the piping section CP1 at the tip of the first concrete pouring pipe FCP is removed. Then, the removed flexible hose FH is attached to the tip of the first concrete pouring pipe FCP that remains in the pouring area of the invert.
[0051] Next, similarly to the above, the concrete CC1 pumped from the stationary pump P to the first concrete placement pipe FCP is discharged from the discharge port of the flexible hose FH connected to the tip of the first concrete placement pipe FCP to the concrete placement location in the invert.
[0052] Next, once the concrete CC1 has been poured around the mounting position of the flexible hose FH (a predetermined first area), as shown in Figure 5, the flexible hose FH connected to the piping section CP1 at the tip of the first concrete pouring pipe FCP is removed, and then the piping section CP1 at the tip of the first concrete pouring pipe FCP is removed. Then, the removed flexible hose FH is attached to the tip of the first concrete pouring pipe FCP that remains in the pouring area of the invert.
[0053] Subsequently, as described above, the concrete CC1 pumped from the stationary pump P to the first concrete placement pipe FCP is discharged from the discharge port of the flexible hose FH connected to the tip of the first concrete placement pipe FCP to the concrete placement site in the invert.
[0054] By repeating this process, as shown in Figure 6, once the placement of the first layer of concrete CC1 is complete, the stationary pump P is stopped, and the flow of concrete CC1 into the stationary pump P is also stopped. Then, the flexible hose FH is connected to the tip of the second placement pipe SCP.
[0055] Next, the supply destination switching unit SW is configured to open the flow path of the outflow pipe BP3 and close the flow path of the outflow pipe BP2, so that concrete flows only through the second concrete pouring pipe SCP.
[0056] Next, the pouring of the second layer of concrete begins. Specifically, as shown in Figure 7, the concrete CC2 that has flowed into the stationary pump P through the hopper H is pumped by the stationary pump P into the second pouring pipe SCP, and then discharged to the pouring location of the invert from the discharge port of the flexible hose FH connected to the tip of the second pouring pipe SCP. At this time, the flexible hose FH is swung from side to side while discharging the concrete CC2 onto the pouring surface CSF of the first layer of concrete CC1 at the pouring location of the invert.
[0057] After the concrete CC2 has been poured around the mounting position of the flexible hose FH (a predetermined second area), as shown in Figure 8, the flexible hose FH connected to the piping section CP2 at the tip of the second concrete pouring pipe SCP is removed, and then the piping section CP2 at the tip of the second concrete pouring pipe SCP is removed. The removed flexible hose FH is then attached to the tip of the second concrete pouring pipe SCP that remains in the pouring area of the invert. At this time, the support member S is left in the concrete.
[0058] Next, similarly to the above, the concrete CC2 pumped from the stationary pump P to the second concrete placement pipe FCP is discharged from the discharge port of the flexible hose FH connected to the tip of the second concrete placement pipe SCP onto the top surface CSF of the first layer of concrete CC1 at the invert placement site.
[0059] Next, once the concrete CC2 around the mounting position of the flexible hose FH (the predetermined second area) has been poured, as shown in Figure 9, the flexible hose FH connected to the piping section CP2 at the tip of the second pouring pipe SCP is removed, and then the piping section CP2 at the tip of the second pouring pipe SCP is removed. Then, the removed flexible hose FH is attached to the tip of the second pouring pipe FCP that remains in the pouring area of the invert. At this time, the support member S is also left in the concrete.
[0060] Subsequently, as described above, the concrete CC2 pumped from the stationary pump P to the second concrete placement pipe SCP is discharged from the outlet of the flexible hose FH connected to the tip of the second concrete placement pipe SCP onto the top surface CSF of the first layer of concrete CC1 at the invert placement site.
[0061] By repeating this process, as shown in Figure 10(a), once the second layer of concrete CC2 has been stacked on top of the first layer of concrete CC1 on the poured surface CSF, the stationary pump P is stopped, and the flow of concrete CC2 into the stationary pump P is stopped.
[0062] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 10(b), the highest part of the support member S is located below the top surface CSS of the second layer of concrete CC2 by a cover thickness T, and is covered by concrete CC2 and not exposed to the outside air. Therefore, even if the support member S is left in place within the layers of concrete C1 and C2 that constitute the invert, the support member S will not corrode. As a result, even if the support member S is left in place within the layers of concrete CC1 and CC2 that constitute the invert, damage to the invert due to corrosion of the steel can be prevented. Furthermore, if the lower part of the support member S is embedded in the ground G and fixed, the lower part of the support member S is in contact with the ground G, but since there is no intrusion of outside air on the ground G side, the lower part of the support member S will not corrode even if the support member S is left in place within the layers of concrete C1 and C2. Furthermore, if the lower part of the support member S is fixed to the reinforcing bars that make up the invert (the uppermost reinforcing bars), the lower part of the support member S is enclosed within the concrete CC1 and CC2 layers and is not exposed to the outside air. Therefore, even if the support member S is left in the concrete C1 and C2 layers, the lower part of the support member S will not corrode.
[0063] Therefore, in this embodiment, the support member S that supported the second concrete pouring pipe SCP is not removed but left in place within the concrete CC1 and CC2 layers. This eliminates the need to remove the support member S, thus shortening the pouring time for the invert. Furthermore, it prevents the problem of concrete C1 and C2 hardening during the removal of the support member S, which would prevent them from becoming integrated at the overlapping position.
[0064] When using a distributor, there is a challenge in that work efficiency is reduced because, in order to ensure the safety of the lane in use, the distributor's long boom must be kept from entering the lane in use while pouring concrete.
[0065] In contrast, in this embodiment, the invert concrete pouring work can be carried out without considering the lane in use and without requiring time-consuming tasks such as rail installation, thus improving the efficiency of the invert concrete pouring work. Furthermore, since there is no impact on the lane in use, the safety of the invert concrete pouring work can be improved.
[0066] Furthermore, since the invert concrete pouring equipment CE is constructed using existing equipment and components without requiring specialized heavy machinery or facilities such as those used by distributors, the cost of invert concrete pouring work can be reduced.
[0067] Furthermore, since the first concrete pouring pipe FCP and the second concrete pouring pipe SCP can be used in sequence to stack two layers of concrete CC1 and CC2, it can also accommodate invert concrete pouring work where it is necessary to pour concrete in multiple layers, such as by stacking the second layer of concrete CC2 on top of the first layer of concrete CC1, for reasons such as making the invert thicker.
[0068] Furthermore, since a concrete layer of the required cover thickness T is secured on the support member S on which the second concrete-casting pipe SCP is placed, and the support member S is left in place within the concrete CC1 and CC2 for invert construction, damage to the concrete CC1 and CC2 due to corrosion of the steel can be prevented even if the support member S is left in place within the concrete CC1 and CC2 for invert construction. For this reason, the work of removing the support member S from within the concrete CC1 and CC2 for invert construction can be omitted, thereby improving the efficiency of the invert concrete-casting work.
[0069] (Second Embodiment)
[0070] In this embodiment, the configuration of the support members constituting the invert concrete casting equipment differs from that of the first embodiment described above. Hereinafter, an example of the configuration of the support members of the invert concrete casting equipment in this embodiment will be described with reference to Figure 11. Figure 11(a) is an explanatory diagram of the invert concrete casting equipment of the second embodiment viewed from the side of the tunnel, and Figure 11(b) is an enlarged side view of the main part of the area enclosed by the dashed line in Figure 11(a).
[0071] As shown in Figures 11(a) and (b), in this embodiment, the support member S comprises a support leg Sk2 and a pipe holding part Sh2 supported above it via a P-con (jig) PC.
[0072] The support leg Sk2 is made of, for example, reinforcing bars, and is erected with its lower part firmly embedded in the ground G. Also, as shown in Figure 11(b), the top of the support leg Sk2 is installed so that it is positioned below the top surface CSS of the second layer of concrete by a cover thickness T. A male threaded portion is formed at the top of this support leg Sk2.
[0073] As shown in Figures 11(a) and (b), the pipe holding section Sh2 is made of, for example, an L-shaped steel angle member and is installed extending along the second concrete-casting pipe SCP so as to straddle multiple support legs Sh2 of multiple support members S. As shown in Figure 11(b), the second concrete-casting pipe SCP (pipe section CP2) is firmly fixed and held in this pipe holding section Sh2 by binding wire W1, and multiple support legs Sk2 are connected to it via multiple P-cones PC.
[0074] In the first embodiment described above, the pipe holding portion Sh1 was located below the upper surface CSS of the second layer of concrete, whereas in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 11(b), the pipe holding portion Sh2 is located above the upper surface CSS of the second layer of concrete.
[0075] As shown in Figures 11(a) and (b), the P-con PC is made of plastic formed into a frustoconical shape, for example, and is installed with its smaller diameter face downwards and its larger diameter face upwards. The height of this P-con PC (the distance between the smaller and larger diameter faces) is set so that a cover thickness T (see Figure 11(b)) is secured between the top of the support leg Sk2 and the top surface CSS of the second layer of concrete.
[0076] Furthermore, the P-con PC is detachably connected to the top of the support leg Sk2 by screwing the male thread formed on the top of the support leg Sk2 into the female thread formed in the center of its small diameter surface. However, the P-con PC may also be connected to the top of the support leg Sk2 in a detachable manner by, for example, inserting the top of the support leg Sk2 into a recess formed in the center of the small diameter surface of the P-con PC, without screwing the P-con PC to the top of the support leg Sk2.
[0077] Furthermore, the P-con PC is fixed to the pipe support part Sh2 by a mounting bracket Ax provided at the center of its large diameter surface. However, the P-con PC is fixed to the pipe support part Sh2 in a way that allows it to rotate left and right around its central axis. That is, by rotating the P-con PC to the right or left, it is possible to screw the male threaded part at the top of the support leg part Sk2 into the female threaded part of the P-con PC, thereby connecting the P-con PC to the top of the support leg part Sk2, or to detach the P-con PC from the top of the support leg part Sk2. Note that in Figure 11(b), the top of the support leg part Sk2 and the mounting bracket Ax inside the P-con PC are shown through for clarity of the configuration.
[0078] In this embodiment, the support members S that constitute the invert concrete casting equipment CE are constructed using existing materials rather than special materials, making it easy to use, and the cost of the invert concrete casting work does not increase simply because the support members S are used.
[0079] Next, an example of the invert concrete placement method of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 12 to 14. Figures 12 to 14(a) are explanatory diagrams showing the main parts of the invert concrete placement equipment during the invert concrete placement process, viewed from the side of the tunnel, and Figure 14(b) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area enclosed by the dashed line in Figure 14(a). In Figures 12 to 14, hatching has been added to the concrete to make the drawings easier to read.
[0080] As shown in Figure 12, after pouring the first layer of concrete CC1, as described in the first embodiment above, the second layer of concrete CC2 is poured, as shown in Figures 12 and 13(a), as described in the first embodiment above. In this embodiment, the pipe holding portion Sh2 that constitutes the support member S is installed above the pouring surface CSS of the second layer of concrete CC2, so the second layer of concrete CC2 can be poured from higher up than in the first embodiment above. For this reason, the pouring work of the second layer of concrete CC2 can be made easier than in the first embodiment above.
[0081] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 13(a), when pouring the second layer of concrete CC2, the concrete CC2 is piled up to the point where the bottom (small diameter side) and sides of the P-con PC are filled, and the large diameter side (top surface) of the P-con PC is exposed from the poured top surface CSS of the second layer of concrete CC2. In this embodiment, by providing the P-con PC, it is possible to easily determine how much concrete CC2 should be piled up. In addition, the cover thickness T between the poured top surface CSS of the second layer of concrete CC2 and the tops of the multiple support legs Sk2 can be easily set without being excessive or insufficient.
[0082] Once the placement of the second layer of concrete CC2 is complete as described above, the operation of the stationary pump P is stopped, and the flow of concrete CC2 into the stationary pump P is halted. At this stage, the pipe holding section Sh2 and P-con PC are left in place without being removed.
[0083] Next, each P-con PC is rotated to release the connection between each P-con PC and the top of each support leg Sk2. Then, as shown in Figure 13(b), the pipe holding part Sh2 that constitutes the support member S is raised, thereby lifting multiple P-con PCs collectively from the second layer of concrete CC2. This creates recesses Ra in the poured top surface CSS of the second layer of concrete CC2 where the P-con PCs were removed. These recesses Ra are formed between the poured top surface CSS of the second layer of concrete CC2 and the top of the support leg Sk2 to a depth of at least a predetermined cover thickness T (see Figure 11(b)). At this stage, a portion of the top of the support leg Sk2 is exposed from the bottom of the multiple recesses Ra.
[0084] In this embodiment, since multiple P-con PCs are pulled out from the second layer of concrete CC2 at once, the labor required is reduced and the working time is shortened compared to pulling out each P-con PC individually.
[0085] Subsequently, as shown in Figures 14(a) and (b), concrete CC3 is filled into the multiple recesses Ra. This completely covers and embeds the top of the support leg Sk2 with concrete CC3. In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 14(b), a cover thickness T can be secured between the top of the support leg Sk2 and the poured upper surface CSS of the second layer of concrete CC2. Therefore, the quality of the invert can be ensured. Other effects are the same as those described in the first embodiment.
[0086] (Third embodiment)
[0087] In this embodiment, the configuration of the support members constituting the invert concrete casting equipment differs from that of the first and second embodiments described above. Hereinafter, an example of the configuration of the support members of the invert concrete casting equipment of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 15 and 16. Figure 15 is an explanatory diagram of the invert concrete casting equipment of the third embodiment as seen from the side of the tunnel, Figure 16(a) is a front view of the support member of Figure 15, Figure 16(b) is a side view of the support member of Figure 16(a), and Figure 16(c) is a perspective view of the pipe holding portion constituting the support member of Figures 16(a) and (b).
[0088] As shown in Figures 15 and 16, in this embodiment, the support member S comprises a support leg portion Sk3 and a pipe holding portion Sh3 supported above it.
[0089] As shown in Figures 16(a) and (b), the support leg Sk3 comprises, for example, a base portion BS, a body portion BD provided on its upper part, and an arm portion AM provided on its upper part. The lower part of the base portion BS is embedded in the ground G and is erected in a state of being firmly fixed. In Figures 16(a) and (b), the cutting position CU indicates the cutting position of the arm portion AM described later, and the recess Rb indicates the depression formed on the upper surface CSS of the second layer of concrete when the arm portion AM described later is cut.
[0090] The base section BS and the arm section AM are made of, for example, linear reinforcing bars and are joined to the body section BD by welding at their intersections. The body section BD is made of, for example, cube-shaped angle frame members.
[0091] In the first and second embodiments described above, the tops of the support legs Sk1 and Sk2 were located below the top surface CSS of the second layer of concrete, whereas in this embodiment, the top of the support leg Sk3 (i.e., the top of the arm AM) is located above the top surface CSS of the second layer of concrete.
[0092] As shown in Figures 16(a) to (c), the pipe holding section Sh3 is a pipe holding jig called a concrete stand or pipe stand, used, for example, to hold concrete pumping pipes in concrete pouring work. Although not particularly limited, the front length Lb of the pipe holding section Sh3 is, for example, about 480 mm, the depth length Lc is, for example, about 535 mm, and the height Ld is, for example, about 580 mm.
[0093] The pipe holding section Sh3 comprises a pair of support members US, US, a pair of connecting members UC, UC that connect the pair of support members US, US, a holding section UH that holds the second concrete-casting pipe SCP, and a stepping stool UP that bridges the upper parts of the pair of support members US, US.
[0094] The support member US is formed, for example, by bending a steel pipe with a diameter of approximately 34 mm in the middle along its longitudinal direction. As a result, one support member US forms two legs (both ends of the support member US), and the pipe holding section Sh3 as a whole has four legs. These four legs of the pipe holding section Sh3 are firmly fixed to the tops of the four arm sections AM of the support leg section Sk3 by binding wire W2.
[0095] The connecting section UC is made of, for example, a steel pipe with a diameter of about 34 mm, and both ends are joined to a pair of supports US, US at intermediate positions in the height direction. Although not particularly limited, the height Le to the connecting section UC shown in Figure 16(c) is, for example, about 200 mm.
[0096] The holding section UH is provided to bridge the gap between the upper parts of a pair of support members US, US in a flexible state. The holding section UH comprises a pipe contact section UH1 that contacts the second concrete-casting pipe SCP, and a pair of spring sections UH2, UH2. The spring sections UH2 are provided between the longitudinal ends of the pipe contact section UH1 and the pair of support members US, US.
[0097] By providing the spring section UH2, the second concrete pouring pipe SCP can be held in a swingable state, as shown by arrow Ar in Figure 16(b), thereby absorbing the shaking and vibration of the second concrete pouring pipe SCP that occurs when concrete is pumped. As a result, the pipe holding section Sh3 itself can be kept stationary, allowing the pipe holding section Sh3 to be stably supported on the support leg section Sk3 during concrete pumping.
[0098] The step stool UP is detachably installed on a pair of support structures US, US. A walkway can be formed by installing a ramp on the step stool UP. The width Lf of the step stool UP shown in Figure 16(b) is, for example, about 130 mm. Also, the step stool UP is not shown in Figure 16(c) for clarity of the drawing.
[0099] In this embodiment, the support members S that constitute the invert concrete casting equipment CE are constructed using existing materials rather than special materials, making it easy to use, and the cost of the invert concrete casting work does not increase simply because the support members S are used.
[0100] Next, an example of the invert concrete placement method according to this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 17 to 19. Figures 17(a), 18(a), and 19(a) are explanatory diagrams showing the main parts of the invert concrete placement equipment during the invert concrete placement process, viewed from the side of the tunnel. Figures 17(b), 18(b), and 19(b) are enlarged cross-sectional views of the areas enclosed by dashed lines in Figures 17(a), 18(a), and 19(a), respectively. In Figures 17 to 19, hatching has been added to the concrete to make the drawings easier to read.
[0101] As shown in Figure 17, after pouring the first layer of concrete CC1, as described in the first embodiment above, the second layer of concrete CC2 is poured, as described in the first embodiment above. In this embodiment, the pipe holding portion Sh3 that constitutes the support member S is installed above the pouring surface CSS of the second layer of concrete CC2, so that the second layer of concrete CC2 can be poured from an even higher position than in the second embodiment above. For this reason, the pouring work of the second layer of concrete CC2 can be made even easier than in the second embodiment above.
[0102] Once the placement of the second layer of concrete CC2 is complete as described above, the operation of the stationary pump P is stopped, and the flow of concrete CC2 into the stationary pump P is halted. At this stage, the pipe support unit Sh3 is left in place without being removed.
[0103] Next, as shown in Figure 18, the binding wire W2 (see Figures 16(a) and (b)) that secures the arm portion AM of the support leg portion Sk3 to the leg portion of the pipe holding portion Sh3 is untangled, and the pipe holding portion Sh3 is removed. Then, the concrete CC2 around the remaining arm portion AM of the support leg portion Sk3 is partially lowered to form a recess Rb. This recess Rb is formed to have a depth of cover thickness T or greater. Note that the pipe holding portion Sh3 may be removed after the recess Rb has been formed.
[0104] Subsequently, after the concrete finishing is complete, as shown in Figure 19, the arm portion AM of the support leg Sk3 is cut at the bottom of the recess Rb, and the arm portion AM above the cut point is removed, and the recess Rb of the concrete CC2 is then filled. As a result, the top of the support leg Sk3 is covered by the concrete CC2 and completely embedded. This ensures that, in this embodiment as well, a cover thickness T can be secured between the top of the support leg Sk3 and the poured top surface CSS of the second layer of concrete CC2. Therefore, the quality of the invert can be ensured. Any other effects are the same as those described in the first embodiment.
[0105] (Fourth embodiment)
[0106] In this embodiment, the method of pouring the invert differs from that of the third embodiment described above. An example of the invert pouring method in this embodiment will be described below with reference to Figure 20. Figures 20(a) and (b) are explanatory diagrams showing the main parts of the invert pouring equipment during the invert pouring process, viewed from the side of the tunnel. Note that in Figure 20, hatching has been added to the concrete to improve readability.
[0107] As shown in Figure 20(a), after pouring the first layer of concrete CC1, as described in the first embodiment above, the second layer of concrete CC2 is poured, as described in the first embodiment above.
[0108] However, in this embodiment, each time the concrete CC2 around the mounting position of the flexible hose FH (a predetermined second range) is poured, the pipe holding part Sh3 is removed, and the arm part AM is bent at a depth of cover thickness T from the top surface of the second layer of concrete CC2 so that the entire arm part AM is completely embedded in the second layer of concrete CC2.
[0109] Then, as shown in Figure 20(b), once the placement of the second layer of concrete CC2 is complete, the operation of the stationary pump P is stopped, and the flow of concrete CC2 into the stationary pump P is halted.
[0110] In this embodiment, the arm portion AM of the support leg portion Sk3 is bent and completely embedded in the second layer of concrete CC2, thereby ensuring the quality of the invert. Other effects are the same as those described in the third embodiment above.
[0111] Although the invention made by the present inventors has been specifically described above based on embodiments, the embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative in all respects and are not limited to the disclosed art. That is, the technical scope of the present invention should not be interpreted restrictively based on the description in the embodiments above, but rather should be interpreted in accordance with the claims, and includes art equivalent to the art described in the claims and all modifications that do not depart from the gist of the claims.
[0112] For example, in the second embodiment described above, the example given was that all P-con PCs are pulled out at once for the sake of simplicity, but the invention is not limited to this. For example, the pipe holding section Sh2 can be divided into multiple parts, and each of the multiple P-con PCs fixed to the divided pipe holding section Sh2 can be pulled out at once. By pulling out the multiple P-con PCs fixed to the front (rear) pipe holding section Sh2 in the order in which the concrete pouring is completed, it is possible to prevent the problem of the second layer of concrete CC2 hardening and making it impossible to pull out the P-con PCs.
[0113] For example, in the third and fourth embodiments described above, a pipe holding part Sh3 having a spring part UH2 was used as shown in Figure 16, but the invention is not limited to this. For example, a pipe holding part may be used in which there is no spring part UH2, and both ends of the pipe contact part UH1 are directly connected to the upper parts of a pair of support members US, US. [Industrial applicability]
[0114] The above description illustrates the application of the invert concrete placement equipment of the present invention to the concrete placement of inverts in mountain tunnels, but it is not limited to this, and can be applied, for example, to the concrete placement of inverts in urban tunnels. [Explanation of symbols]
[0115] CE Invert Casting Equipment P Stationary pump (concrete supply means) SW supply destination switching unit (concrete supply destination switching means) FCP (Fixed Concrete) 1st Piping for Placement SCP Second Piping System CP1 Piping Section (First Piping Section) CP2 Piping Section (Second Piping Section) CPk locking mechanism SL sealing material Jv Victaulic Joint Member S Support Member Sk1,Sk2,Sk3 Support legs BS base section BD body part AM Arm Section Sh1,Sh2,Sh3 Piping holding part US support UC connection UH holding part UP Step Stool Track W1 PC P-Con (Jig) Ax Mounting Bracket FH Flexible Hose (Flexible Piping) H Hoppa BP branch pipe BP1 Inflow pipe section BP2,BP3 Outflow pipe section V-type switching valve Vc valve operating section Vp partition pin Vh through hole CC1, CC2 concrete CSF, CSS pouring top surface Ra, Rb recess T Cover thickness
Claims
1. A concrete supply means for supplying concrete to the invert pouring area, The system comprises a plurality of first piping sections arranged along the concrete supply direction, detachably connected to one another, and is installed in the concrete placement area of the invert to supply the first layer of concrete to the invert. The system comprises a plurality of second piping sections arranged along the concrete supply direction and detachably connected to one another, and a second concrete pouring pipe installed above the first concrete pouring pipe for supplying the second layer of concrete onto the pouring surface of the first layer of concrete, Multiple support members are erected in the casting area of the invert in a row along the longitudinal direction of the second casting pipe, and support the second casting pipe. A concrete supply destination switching means is installed between the first and second concrete pouring pipes and the concrete supply means, connected to the first and second concrete pouring pipes and the concrete supply means, and switches the destination of the concrete supplied from the concrete supply means to either the first or the second concrete pouring pipe. A flexible pipe is provided in a manner that allows it to be detachably attached to the tip of the first concrete pouring pipe or the second concrete pouring pipe, and guides the concrete to the discharge point. An invert concrete casting equipment characterized by being equipped with the following features.
2. The invert concrete pouring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the support member is installed such that the highest part of the support member is located below the upper surface of the second layer of concrete by a predetermined thickness.
3. The support member comprises a support leg, a jig detachably provided on the top of the support leg, and a pipe holding portion connected to the jig and provided above the top surface of the second concrete layer for holding the second concrete pouring pipe. The invert concrete pouring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the support leg is provided such that its top portion is located below the top surface of the second layer of concrete pouring.
4. The invert concrete pouring equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that the support leg is installed such that the top of the support leg is located below the upper surface of the second layer of concrete by a predetermined thickness.
5. The invert concrete casting equipment according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the pipe holding portion is provided in a state extending along the second concrete casting pipe and is supported by a plurality of support legs of the plurality of support members and a plurality of jigs.
6. The support member comprises a support leg and a pipe holding portion that is detachably provided on the top of the arm portion of the support leg and holds the second concrete pouring pipe. The invert concrete pouring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the top portion of the arm and the pipe holding portion are located above the top surface of the second layer of concrete pouring.