Header assembly of heat exchanger
Patent Information
- Application Number
- KR1020250013816
- Authority / Receiving Office
- KR · KR
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-11
Smart Images

Figure PAT00001_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technology Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a header assembly for a heat exchanger, and more specifically, to a header assembly for a heat exchanger having excellent strength to prevent deformation caused by internal pressure. Background Technology
[0002] Generally, a heat exchanger is a device that exchanges heat through the method of heat absorption or heat dissipation between different heat exchange media. Heat exchangers applied to vehicles can be classified into radiators, air-cooled superchargers, condensers, etc., depending on their function and structure. These heat exchangers include automatic transmission fluid heaters, exhaust gas recirculation coolers, and transmission oil coolers, which dissipate or absorb heat through heat exchange with a refrigerant such as coolant. In this case, heat exchangers are classified into water-cooled types, which use coolant—which has a relatively higher specific heat than air—as a refrigerant, and air-cooled types, which use internal or external air.
[0003] Meanwhile, such heat exchangers are equipped with a header assembly for the circulation of a working fluid, such as a heat exchange medium. In the case of such a header assembly, deformation, such as spreading outward, can occur due to the pressure exerted by the working fluid circulating inside. Accordingly, various studies aimed at increasing the strength of heat exchanger header assemblies have been continuously conducted in recent years. The problem to be solved
[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger header assembly with excellent strength so as not to be deformed by internal pressure. means of solving the problem
[0005] A header assembly of a heat exchanger according to the present invention for achieving the above objective comprises a header plate coupled to the heat exchanger, a header tank coupled to the header plate to form a flow path for a working fluid, and a plurality of reinforcing ribs protruding from the outer surface of the header tank to reinforce the strength of the header tank, wherein the plurality of reinforcing ribs extend obliquely with respect to the header plate.
[0006] In addition, the header plate may be provided in a flat plate shape having an area covering one side or the other side of the heat exchanger.
[0007] In addition, the reinforcing rib can be injection molded onto the outer surface of the header tank by an injection molded product comprising a reinforcing material including glass fibers and a resin material including polyamide (PA) or polypropylene (PP).
[0008] Additionally, the reinforcing rib may include at least one of a plurality of first ribs arranged to extend along the perimeter of the header tank in an inclined direction relative to the header plate, and a plurality of second ribs arranged parallel to each other with a length shorter than that of the plurality of first ribs.
[0009] In addition, the header tank is provided with a gate into which an injection molded product mixed with a reinforcing material including glass fibers is injected, and when the injection molded product is injected through the gate, the header tank and the reinforcing rib can be injection molded as a single unit.
[0010] In addition, the first and second ribs may be arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically on both sides of the header tank with the gate in between.
[0011] Additionally, the header tank includes a pair of straight regions extending vertically in a straight direction from an end connected to the header plate with the flow path in between, and a curved region connecting the pair of straight regions in a curved manner, wherein the plurality of first ribs are connected to the pair of straight regions and the curved region, and the plurality of second ribs may be provided in the straight region.
[0012] Additionally, the reinforcing rib may further include a third rib extending in the longitudinal direction of the header tank so as to face parallel to the header plate.
[0013] Additionally, the header tank includes a pair of straight regions extending vertically in a straight direction from an end connected to the header plate with the flow path in between, and a curved region connecting the pair of straight regions in a curved manner, wherein the plurality of first ribs are arranged to cross the pair of straight regions and the curved region, and the plurality of second ribs and the third ribs may be arranged in the straight region.
[0014] In addition, the third rib may be provided in at least one of a straight shape, a wavy shape, and an uneven shape that extends parallel to the header plate.
[0015] In addition, the third rib may be provided in a position range spaced 10 mm to 25 mm apart from the header plate.
[0016] In addition, the plurality of first ribs and the plurality of second ribs may each be provided with an inclination angle greater than 0 and less than 10° or greater than -10° and less than 0 based on the vertical reference of the header plate.
[0017] A header assembly of a heat exchanger according to another preferred aspect of the present invention comprises a header plate coupled to the heat exchanger, a header tank coupled to the header plate with a flow path for a working fluid in between, and a reinforcing rib protruding from the outer surface of the header tank to prevent deformation caused by the pressure of the working fluid inside the flow path, wherein the reinforcing rib comprises a plurality of ribs having different lengths that extend obliquely with respect to the header plate.
[0018] In addition, the header plate may be provided in a flat plate shape having an area covering one side or the other side of the heat exchanger.
[0019] Additionally, the reinforcing rib may include at least one of a plurality of first ribs arranged to extend along the perimeter of the header tank in an inclined direction relative to the header plate, and a plurality of second ribs arranged parallel to each other at both ends of the header tank connected to the header plate, with a length shorter than that of the first ribs.
[0020] In addition, the reinforcing rib can be injection molded onto the outer surface of the header tank by an injection molded product comprising a reinforcing material including glass fibers and a resin material including polyamide (PA) or polypropylene (PP).
[0021] Additionally, a gate is provided in one of the plurality of first ribs for injecting the injection molded product, and when the injection molded product is injected through the gate, the header tank and the reinforcing rib are injection molded as a single unit, and the first and second ribs may be provided on both sides of the header tank symmetrically or asymmetrically with the gate in between.
[0022] Additionally, the header tank includes a pair of straight regions extending vertically in a straight direction from an end connected to the header plate with the flow path in between, and a curved region connecting the pair of straight regions in a curved manner, wherein the plurality of first ribs are connected to the pair of straight regions and the curved region, and the plurality of second ribs may be provided in the straight region.
[0023] Additionally, the reinforcing rib may further include a third rib extending in the longitudinal direction of the header tank so as to face parallel to the header plate.
[0024] Additionally, the header tank includes a pair of straight regions extending vertically in a straight direction from an end connected to the header plate with the flow path in between, and a curved region connecting the pair of straight regions in a curved manner, wherein the plurality of first ribs are arranged to cross the pair of straight regions and the curved region, and the plurality of second ribs and the third ribs may be arranged in the straight region.
[0025] In addition, the third rib may be provided in at least one of a straight shape, a wavy shape, and an uneven shape that extends parallel to the header plate.
[0026] In addition, the third rib may be provided in a position range spaced 10 mm to 25 mm apart from the header plate.
[0027] In addition, the plurality of first ribs and the plurality of second ribs may each be provided with an inclination angle greater than 0 and less than 10° or greater than -10° and less than 0 based on the vertical reference of the header plate. Effects of the invention
[0028] According to the present invention having the above-described configuration, a plurality of reinforcing ribs are provided on the outer surface of the header tank at an angle to the header plate, thereby creating a vortex in the resin flow of the reinforcing ribs to induce an uneven alignment direction of the reinforcing material including glass fibers. As a result, due to the alignment direction of the reinforcing material not being the same as the direction in which it receives pressure from the working fluid flowing inside the header tank, the rigidity of the reinforcing ribs is increased, thereby preventing deformation of the header tank.
[0029] In addition, a third rib extending in a direction parallel to the header plate is provided at the end of the header tank that is coupled to the header plate, thereby additionally reinforcing the strength of the end of the header plate, which is relatively weak and may spread apart due to the working fluid. Brief explanation of the drawing
[0030] FIG. 1 is a front view schematically illustrating a header assembly of a heat exchanger according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a header assembly of a heat exchanger according to one embodiment shown in FIG. 1. Figure 3 is an enlarged view schematically illustrating the III region shown in Figure 3. FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of images to interpret the arrangement direction of reinforcing materials in a header assembly of a heat exchanger according to a prior art and one embodiment. And, FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a header assembly of a heat exchanger according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. Specific details for implementing the invention
[0031] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the concept of the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment, and the concept of the present invention may be proposed differently by adding, changing, or deleting components constituting the embodiment, and such are also included within the concept of the invention.
[0033] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a header assembly (1) of a heat exchanger (R) according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a header plate (10), a header tank (20), and a reinforcing rib (30).
[0034] For reference, the header assembly (1) described in the present invention is mounted on a heat exchanger (R) including a radiator installed in an automobile, building, electronic device, etc., and provides a flow path (F) (see FIG. 3) for a circulating working fluid. Such header assemblies (1) are provided in pairs so as to be coupled to one side and the other side of the heat exchanger (R) so as to face each other, thereby providing a circulation path for the working fluid.
[0035] The header plate (10) is coupled to the heat exchanger (R). In this embodiment, the header plate (10) is exemplified as being coupled to either one side or the other side of the heat exchanger (R) that face each other with the heat exchanger (R) in between. Additionally, as shown in FIG. 1, the header plate (10) is a plate having an area capable of covering one side and the other side of the heat exchanger (R), respectively.
[0036] The header tank (20) is coupled to the header plate (10) to form a flow path (F) for the working fluid. That is, the header tank (20) is coupled to the header plate (10) having a shape that can provide a predetermined space between it and the header plate (10) through which the working fluid can circulate.
[0037] As shown in FIG. 3, the header tank (20) includes a pair of straight regions (21) that extend vertically from the end connected to the header plate (10) with a flow path (F) in between, and a curved region (22) that curvilinearly connects the pair of straight regions (21). Here, the curved region (22) is formed in a semicircular shape and provides a flow path (F) inside.
[0038] The lengths of the straight area (21) and the curved area (22) of the header tank (20) are not limited to the illustrated example and can be changed according to the capacity of the working fluid passing through the flow path (F), the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger (R), etc.
[0039] A plurality of reinforcing ribs (30) are provided protruding from the outer surface of the header tank (20) to reinforce the strength of the header tank (20). These reinforcing ribs (30) are provided on the outer surface of the header tank (20) to prevent the header tank (20) from being deformed by internal pressure generated by the working fluid flowing inside the header tank (20). According to the present embodiment, the reinforcing ribs (30) are provided to extend obliquely with respect to the header plate (10), and in this embodiment, include a first rib (31) and a second rib (32).
[0040] For reference, in this embodiment, the reinforcing rib (30) is illustrated and exemplified as including both the first rib (31) and the second rib (32), but a modified example including multiple of only one of the first rib (31) and the second rib (32) is also possible.
[0041] A plurality of first ribs (31) are provided to extend along the perimeter of the header tank (20) in an inclined direction relative to the header plate (10). As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, these first ribs (31) are connected to a pair of straight areas (21) and curved areas (22) of the header tank (20), thereby having a length that spans across the pair of straight areas (21) and curved areas (22). As a result, the first ribs (31) reinforce the strength of the entire area of the header tank (20). Additionally, the first ribs (31) are provided spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction of the header tank (20). At this time, the spaced interval between the plurality of first ribs (31) is not limited to the illustrated example, and the number of first ribs (31) is also not limited.
[0042] As shown in FIG. 3, the first rib (31) can be provided with an inclination angle greater than 0 and less than 10° or greater than -10° and less than 0 with respect to the header plate (10). That is, as shown in FIG. 3, if the inclination angle of the first rib (31) with respect to the vertical reference of the header plate (10)—that is, the parallel line (L) parallel to the header plate (10)—is denoted as A1, then 0 <A1≤10˚ 또는 -10˚≤A1<0일 수 있다. 이러한 제1리브(31)의 경사 각도 범위는 일 예이며, 한정 사항은 아니다. 또한, 복수의 제1리브(31)들의 경사 각도는 각각 서로 다르게 마련되는 변형예도 가능하다.
[0043] Multiple second ribs (32) are provided in parallel with each other, with a length shorter than that of multiple first ribs (31). These second ribs (32) are illustrated and exemplified as being provided one at a time between the mutually spaced intervals of multiple first ribs (31), but this is merely an example and not a limitation. That is, variations in which two or more second ribs (32) are provided between the mutually spaced first ribs (31) are possible instead of just one. Additionally, while the lengths of the multiple second ribs (32) are exemplified as being mutually constant, variations in which the lengths of the multiple second ribs (32) are each different are also possible.
[0044] The second rib (32) reinforces the strength of the straight area (21), which is the end of the header tank (20), where expansion may occur outward due to internal pressure caused by the working fluid passing through the flow path (F) inside the header tank (20). That is, the second rib (32) has a length corresponding to the straight area (21) of the header tank (20) and is provided in multiple numbers at an angle to the header plate (10), thereby preventing deformation such as expansion of the header tank (20) caused by the working fluid.
[0045] As shown in FIG. 2, if the inclination angle of the second rib (32) relative to the vertical reference of the header plate (10) is denoted as A2, the inclination angle of the second rib (32) is 0, just like the first rib (31). <A2≤10˚ 또는 -10˚≤A2<0일 수 있다. 이러한 제2리브(32)의 경사 각도 범위는 한정 사항은 아니며, 복수의 제2리브(32)가 각각 서로 다른 경사 각도를 가질 수도 있다.
[0046] For reference, the number of the first rib (31) and the second rib (32) can be varied within a range that does not exceed the total weight of the header assembly (1).
[0047] The first rib (31) and the second rib (32) described above are both injection molded on the outer surface of the header tank (20) by injecting an injection molded product mixed with a reinforcing material through a gate (30a) provided in one of the plurality of first ribs (31). More specifically, the first rib (31) and the second rib (32) are injection molded by injecting an injection molded product mixed with a reinforcing material including glass fiber and a resin material such as polyamide (PA) or polypropylene (PP) through the gate (30a). At this time, the header tank (20) and the reinforcing rib (30) can be injection molded simultaneously as a single unit by the injection molded product mixed with the reinforcing material injected through the gate (30a). For reference, the reinforcing material including glass fiber may be mixed into the injection molded product at a ratio of approximately 20 to 40%, but this is not a limitation.
[0048] A reinforcing rib (30) according to one embodiment of the present invention is exemplified as shown in FIG. 2, in which a gate (30a) is provided at a position corresponding to the centerline (C) with respect to the longitudinal direction of the header tank (20), and an injection product is injected through the gate (30a). The position of the gate (30a) is not limited to the illustrated example, and variations are also possible in which the gate (30a) is provided at a position offset to the left or right with respect to FIG. 2, in which the injection product is injected.
[0049] Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the gate (30a) is provided at the centerline (C) position with respect to the longitudinal direction of the header tank (20), and reinforcing ribs (30) are provided on both sides of the header tank (20) in a symmetrical shape with respect to the centerline (C). More specifically, a plurality of first ribs (31) and second ribs (32) are provided at an angle of inclination toward the centerline (C) of the header tank (20). However, this is not strictly limited thereto, and various modified embodiments are possible, such as the direction of the angle of inclination of the first ribs (31) and second ribs (32) being mutually asymmetric with respect to the centerline (C) of the header tank (20), or the direction of the angle of inclination being alternately switched.
[0050] As the first rib (31) and the second rib (32) are arranged at an angle to the header plate (10), a vortex is generated in the resin flow of the injection molded product, thereby inducing an uneven arrangement direction of reinforcing materials such as glass fibers. The uneven arrangement of reinforcing materials is advantageous for reinforcing rigidity as the reinforcing ribs (30) are injection molded in a structure that is intertwined and tangled. When the arrangement direction of reinforcing materials is induced unevenly, deformation of the header tank (20) can be effectively prevented due to a mismatch with the pressure direction of the working fluid flowing along the flow path (F) inside the header tank (20).
[0051] Referring to FIG. 4, an image illustrating the arrangement direction of reinforcing materials in the header assembly (1) of a heat exchanger (R) is schematically illustrated.
[0052] As shown in FIG. 4(a), in the conventional case where the first rib (31') and the second rib (32') of the reinforcing rib (30') are arranged perpendicularly to the header plate (10), it can be confirmed that the alignment direction of the reinforcing material injected through the gate (30a') is uniform. Additionally, as shown in FIG. 4(b), in the case where the first rib (31) and the second rib (32) are arranged at an angle to the header plate (10) according to the present invention, it can be confirmed that the alignment direction of the reinforcing material of the injection molded product injected through the gate (30a) is non-uniform. For reference, in the image of FIG. 4, the more blue areas there are, the more uniform the alignment direction of the glass fibers is, and the red areas indicate that the alignment direction of the glass fibers is non-uniform.
[0054] Referring to FIG. 5, a header assembly (100) of a heat exchanger (R) according to another embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated.
[0055] As shown in FIG. 5, a header assembly (100) of a heat exchanger (R) according to another embodiment includes a header plate (110), a header tank (120), and a reinforcing rib (130). Here, since the configuration of the header plate (110) and the header tank (120) is similar to that of the above-described embodiment, a detailed description is omitted.
[0056] A reinforcing rib (130) according to another embodiment includes a first rib (131), a second rib (132), and a third rib (133). Here, the first rib (131) and the second rib (132) have the same configuration as the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, so a detailed description is omitted.
[0057] The third rib (133) is provided extending in the longitudinal direction of the header tank (120) so as to face parallel to the header plate (110). This third rib (133) is provided in the straight area (121) among the straight area (121) and curved area (122) of the header tank (120), thereby reinforcing the strength of the straight area (121) of the header tank (120) together with the second rib (132).
[0058] For reference, in other embodiments, a third rib (133) is exemplified as being provided between a straight area (121) and a curved area (122), but the installation position of the third rib (133) can be varied within the straight area (121). The range of height (H) of the third rib (133) spaced from the header plate (110) can be approximately 10 to 25 mm.
[0059] Additionally, in the illustration of FIG. 5, the third rib (133) is provided in a straight shape extending parallel to the header plate (110). These third ribs (133) may be provided in a pair so as to correspond to a pair of straight regions (121) of the header plate (110). However, the shape, number, and thickness of the third rib (133) are not limited to the illustrated example. For instance, various variations are possible in which the third rib (133) has at least one shape among a straight shape parallel to the header plate (110), a wave shape, and an uneven shape with repeating 'V' shapes, and is provided on one side and the other side of the header plate (110). At this time, the number of the third rib (133) can be varied within a range that does not exceed the maximum total weight of the header assembly (100) together with the first rib (131) and the second rib (132).
[0060] As described above, in another embodiment, the header assembly (100) can additionally reinforce the strength of the third rib (133) together with the second rib (132) for the straight area (121) of the header tank (120). As a result, additional strength can be added to the straight area (121) at the bottom of the header tank (120), where expansion may occur due to internal pressure from the working fluid, thereby preventing deformation of the header tank (120).
[0062] As described above, although the present invention has been explained with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims. Explanation of the symbols
[0063] 1, 100: Heat exchanger header assembly 10, 110: Header plate 20, 120: Header Tank 30, 130: Reinforcement rib 31, 131: 1st Reve 32, 132: 2nd Reve 133: 3rd Reve
Claims
Claim 1 A header assembly of a heat exchanger comprising: a header plate coupled to a heat exchanger; a header tank coupled to the header plate to form a flow path for a working fluid; and a plurality of reinforcing ribs protruding from the outer surface of the header tank to reinforce the strength of the header tank, wherein the plurality of reinforcing ribs extend obliquely with respect to the header plate. Claim 2 In claim 1, the header plate is provided in a flat plate shape having an area covering one side or the other side of the heat exchanger, thereby forming a header assembly of the heat exchanger. Claim 3 A header assembly of a heat exchanger, wherein the reinforcing rib is injection molded on the outer surface of the header tank by means of an injection molding product comprising a reinforcing material including glass fibers and a resin material including polyamide (PA) or polypropylene (PP). Claim 4 A heat exchanger header assembly comprising at least one of: a plurality of first ribs arranged to extend along the perimeter of the header tank in an inclined direction relative to the header plate; and a plurality of second ribs arranged parallel to each other with a length shorter than the plurality of first ribs. Claim 5 In paragraph 4, the header tank is provided with a gate into which an injection molded product mixed with a reinforcing material including glass fibers is injected, and when the injection molded product is injected through the gate, the header tank and the reinforcing rib are integrally injection molded to form a header assembly of a heat exchanger. Claim 6 In paragraph 5, the first and second ribs are a header assembly of a heat exchanger arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically on both sides of the header tank with the gate in between. Claim 7 In paragraph 4, the header tank comprises a pair of straight regions extending vertically in a straight direction from an end connected to the header plate with the flow path in between, and a curved region connecting the pair of straight regions in a curved manner, wherein the plurality of first ribs are arranged to cross the pair of straight regions and the curved region, and the plurality of second ribs are arranged in the straight region, forming a header assembly of a heat exchanger. Claim 8 A heat exchanger header assembly comprising, in paragraph 4, a reinforcing rib, a third rib extending in the longitudinal direction of the header tank so as to face parallel to the header plate. Claim 9 In claim 8, the header tank comprises a pair of straight regions extending vertically in a straight direction from an end connected to the header plate with the flow path in between, and a curved region connecting the pair of straight regions in a curved manner, wherein the plurality of first ribs are connected to the pair of straight regions and the curved region, and the plurality of second ribs and the third ribs are provided in the straight region, forming a header assembly of a heat exchanger. Claim 10 In claim 8, the header assembly of a heat exchanger wherein the third rib is formed in at least one of a straight shape, a wavy shape, and an uneven shape extending parallel to the header plate. Claim 11 In claim 8, the third rib is a header assembly of a heat exchanger provided in a position range of 10 mm to 25 mm spaced apart from the header plate. Claim 12 A header assembly of a heat exchanger wherein the plurality of first ribs and the plurality of second ribs are each provided with an inclination angle greater than 0 and less than 10° or greater than -10° and less than 0 based on the vertical reference of the header plate. Claim 13 A header assembly of a heat exchanger comprising: a header plate coupled to a heat exchanger; a header tank coupled to the header plate with a working fluid passage in between; and a reinforcing rib protruding from the outer surface of the header tank to prevent deformation caused by the pressure of the working fluid inside the passage, wherein the reinforcing rib comprises a plurality of ribs having different lengths that extend obliquely with respect to the header plate. Claim 14 In paragraph 13, the header plate is provided in a flat plate shape having an area covering one side or the other side of the heat exchanger, thereby forming a header assembly of the heat exchanger. Claim 15 A header assembly of a heat exchanger comprising at least one of: a plurality of first ribs arranged to extend along the perimeter of the header tank in an inclined direction relative to the header plate; and a plurality of second ribs arranged at both ends of the header tank connected to the header plate with a length shorter than that of the first ribs. Claim 16 In claim 15, the above reinforcing rib is injection molded onto the outer surface of the header tank of a heat exchanger header assembly by means of an injection molding in which a reinforcing material comprising glass fibers and a resin material comprising polyamide (PA) or polypropylene (PP) are mixed. Claim 17 In claim 16, a gate is provided in any one of the plurality of first ribs for injecting the injection molded material, and when the injection molded material is injected through the gate, the header tank and the reinforcing rib are injection molded as a single unit, and the first and second ribs are provided on both sides of the header tank symmetrically or asymmetrically with the gate in between, thereby forming a header assembly of a heat exchanger. Claim 18 In paragraph 15, the header tank comprises a pair of straight regions extending vertically in a straight direction with the flow path in between from an end connected to the header plate, and a curved region connecting the pair of straight regions in a curved manner, wherein the plurality of first ribs are connected to the pair of straight regions and the curved region, and the plurality of second ribs are provided in the straight region, forming a header assembly of a heat exchanger. Claim 19 A heat exchanger header assembly comprising, in paragraph 15, a reinforcing rib, a third rib extending in the longitudinal direction of the header tank so as to face parallel to the header plate. Claim 20 In claim 19, the header tank comprises a pair of straight regions extending vertically in a straight direction with the flow path in between from an end connected to the header plate, and a curved region connecting the pair of straight regions in a curved manner, wherein the plurality of first ribs are arranged to cross the pair of straight regions and the curved region, and the plurality of second ribs and the third ribs are arranged in the straight region, forming a header assembly of a heat exchanger. Claim 21 In claim 19, the header assembly of a heat exchanger wherein the third rib is formed in at least one of a straight shape, a wavy shape, and an uneven shape extending parallel to the header plate. Claim 22 In claim 19, the third rib is a header assembly of a heat exchanger provided in a position range of 10 mm to 25 mm spaced apart from the header plate. Claim 23 A header assembly of a heat exchanger wherein the plurality of first ribs and the plurality of second ribs are each provided with an inclination angle greater than 0 and less than 10° or greater than -10° and less than 0 based on the vertical reference of the header plate.