Solar cell modules, photovoltaic modules, and electrical devices

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of solar energy and provides a solar cell module, a solar module, and an electrical device. The solar cell module comprises a solar cell, a backsheet, and a waterproof layer. A conductive strip having lead ends is electrically connected to the solar cell; the backsheet is located on the back surface of the solar cell and has lead holes formed corresponding to the lead ends; and the waterproof layer has a charging portion and a connecting portion connected to each other, wherein the charging portion is charged within the lead holes to seal the lead holes, the lead ends pass through the charging portion and penetrate the lead holes, and the connecting portion surrounds the charging portion in a perimeter direction and is interposed between the solar cell and the backsheet. This can not only improve the waterproof performance of the lead holes but also improve the reliability of the waterproof layer.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202420242014.3, titled “Solar cell module, photovoltaic module and electric device,” filed on January 31, 2024, and all contents of said application are incorporated into the text by reference.

[0002] This application relates to the field of solar energy, specifically to solar cell modules, solar photovoltaic modules, and electrical devices. Background Technology

[0003] Lead holes are formed on the backsheet of a solar cell module through which a conductive strip can pass, and the conductive strip is connected to a junction box after passing through the lead holes.

[0004] However, water vapor easily enters the interior of the solar cell module through the lead holes, causing water vapor erosion on the cells and affecting the output power of the solar cell module. The problem to be solved

[0005] In light of the aforementioned problems, the present application provides a solar cell module, a photovoltaic module, and an electric device capable of improving the technical problem of affecting the output power of a solar cell module due to water vapor erosion caused by the formation of lead holes. means of solving the problem

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell module comprising a solar cell, a backsheet, and a waterproof layer.

[0007] A solar cell module comprises a solar cell, a back sheet, and a waterproof layer. A conductive strip having lead ends is electrically connected to the solar cell; a back sheet is located on the back surface of the solar cell and has lead holes formed corresponding to the lead ends; and the waterproof layer has a charging portion and a connecting portion connected to each other, wherein the charging portion is charged within the lead holes to seal the lead holes, the lead ends pass through the charging portion and penetrate the lead holes, and the connecting portion surrounds the charging portion in a perimeter direction and is interposed between the solar cell and the back sheet.

[0008] In a second aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic module comprising a plurality of solar cell modules according to the above-described embodiment that are electrically connected.

[0009] In a third aspect, the present application provides an electric device comprising a solar cell module or a photovoltaic module provided in the above-described embodiment for supplying electric energy to an electric device.

[0010] The above description is merely an overview of the technical methods of the present application, and in order to understand the technical means of the present application more clearly, they may be implemented according to the contents of the specification. Below, specific embodiments according to the present application will be described so that the above-described purpose and other purposes, features, and advantages of the present application are more obvious and easy to understand. Effects of the invention

[0011] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the waterproof layer is provided with a charging portion and a connecting portion connected to each other, the charging portion is filled into a lead hole to seal the lead hole, and the connecting portion surrounds the charging portion in a perimeter direction and is interposed between the solar cell and the back sheet. On the one hand, by installing the waterproof layer inside the solar cell module, not only is the hole blocked during the heat compression process, but the connecting portion surrounds the charging portion in a perimeter direction and is stably interposed between the solar cell and the back sheet. This helps to forcibly restrain the waterproof layer so that the connection between the waterproof layer, the back sheet, and the solar cell becomes more robust, thereby preventing the risk of the waterproof layer being invalidated and helping to further improve the hydroxyl stability of the device; on the other hand, since water vapor is discharged from the inside to the outside during the heat compression process, it helps to reduce water vapor that inevitably remains in the solar cell module after packaging, thereby improving the stability of the connection interface.

[0012] In some embodiments, the water vapor permeability of the waterproofing layer is <0.1 g / m² 2 *d. The water vapor permeability of the waterproofing layer is <0.1g / m 2 Since *d, the waterproof performance at the lead holes of the solar cell module can be effectively improved, and furthermore, the impact on the output power of the solar cell module can be reduced.

[0013] In some embodiments, the water vapor permeability of the waterproofing layer is 0.01 to 0.05 g / m² 2 *d. When the water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer is within the range described above, the waterproof performance at the lead holes of the solar cell module can be effectively improved, and furthermore, the impact on the output power of the solar cell module can be reduced.

[0014] In some embodiments, the material of the waterproof layer is at least one of rubber, silicone, silicone mixture, organic silicone rubber, or rubber mixture. Each of the above-mentioned materials is easily obtainable and has a lower water vapor permeability, thus having good waterproofing properties.

[0015] In some embodiments, the material of the waterproofing layer is butyl rubber. Since butyl rubber has excellent durability and better water-blocking properties, it helps to effectively improve the waterproofing performance at the lead holes of the solar cell module over time and further helps to reduce the impact on the output power of the solar cell module.

[0016] In some embodiments, the waterproof layer is bonded between the solar cell and the backsheet. Through the bonding method, displacement of the waterproof layer can be prevented during the lamination process, and it also helps to improve structural stability between the waterproof layer, the solar cell, and the backsheet, as well as enhance waterproofness.

[0017] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the waterproof layer is smaller than the area of ​​the backsheet. This helps to improve waterproof performance in the lead hole while reducing manufacturing costs.

[0018] In some embodiments, the ratio of the area of ​​the waterproof layer to the area of ​​the back sheet is 1:20 to 1:100. This helps to improve waterproof performance in the lead hole while reducing manufacturing costs.

[0019] In some embodiments, a junction box is installed on one side of the backsheet facing away from the solar cell, a conductive strip is electrically connected to the junction box, and the orthographic projection of the waterproof layer on the backsheet is located within the orthographic projection of the junction box on the backsheet. This improves waterproof performance in the lead holes, reduces manufacturing costs, and enhances the aesthetics of the solar cell module.

[0020] In some embodiments, the solar cell module further comprises a back-packaging adhesive film positioned between a backsheet and a solar cell; wherein a waterproof layer is positioned between the solar cell and the back-packaging adhesive film, and / or the waterproof layer is positioned between a backsheet and the back-packaging adhesive film. The back-packaging adhesive film can perform mechanical buffering protection for the solar cell and provide support between the backsheet and the solar cell for the waterproof layer.

[0021] In some embodiments, the solar cell is a perovskite solar cell.

[0022] In some embodiments, the solar cell module includes a transparent panel located on the front of the solar cell. Through the transparent panel, the front of the solar cell can be packaged to further suppress or prevent the penetration of water vapor.

[0023] In some embodiments, the solar module further includes a sealing member that surrounds the solar cell and is laminated and bonded to a transparent panel and a backsheet, respectively, to form a sealed space for accommodating the solar cell. The solar module can be effectively packaged to suppress or prevent the penetration of water vapor. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0024] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art through the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are merely for illustrating preferred embodiments and should not be construed as limiting the present application. Also, the same reference numerals have been used for the same parts throughout the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module provided in an embodiment of the present application; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module provided in an embodiment of the present application; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a waterproof layer and a back sheet provided in an embodiment of the present application; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module provided in an embodiment of the present application. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0025] Embodiments of the technical solution of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the attached drawings. The following embodiments are intended to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application and are used merely as examples; they should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0026] All technical and scientific terms used in this document, unless otherwise defined, have the meaning generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this application pertains, and the terms used in this document are merely for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The terms “include” and “comprising” and any variations thereof in the specification, claims, and brief description of the drawings above are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion.

[0027] In describing the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used merely to distinguish different objects and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, or implying the number, specific order, or master-slave relationship of the technical features mentioned. In describing the embodiments of this application, the term "plural" means two or more unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.

[0028] The term "Examples" as used herein means that specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with an Example may be included in at least one Example of this Application. Such phrases appearing in various places in the specification do not necessarily refer to the same Example, nor do they refer to separate or alternative Examples that are mutually exclusive from other Examples. It will be understood, expressly and implied, by those skilled in the art that the Examples described herein may be combined with other Examples.

[0029] In describing the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is used to describe the association between related objects and implies that there may be three types of relationships. For example, A and / or B indicates that there are three cases, such as A existing independently, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing independently. Additionally, in this document, the " / " character generally indicates that the related objects before and after it have an "or" relationship.

[0030] In describing the embodiments of the present application, the term “multiple” means two or more (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” means two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple sheets” means two or more sheets (including two sheets).

[0031] In describing the embodiments of the present application, technical terms such as “center,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “length,” “width,” “thickness,” “top,” “bottom,” “front,” “back,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inside,” “outside,” “clockwise,” “counterclockwise,” “axial,” “radial,” “circumferential,” etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships depicted in the drawings. These terms are intended merely for the convenience and simplification of the description of the embodiments of the present application and do not indicate or imply that the mentioned devices or components must have a specific orientation or be configured and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present application.

[0032] In describing the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as “installation,” “combination,” “connection,” and “fixing” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they may be fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may also be mechanical connections or electrical connections; they may be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they may be internal communication between two components or interaction relationships between two components. A person skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application depending on the specific circumstances.

[0033] Solar cells are eco-friendly energy sources, and given the current development of the market, their scope of application is steadily expanding. Solar cells are being applied not only to solar modules in solar power plants but are also increasingly being used in electric devices such as electric vehicles. As the fields of application for solar cells continuously expand, market demand is also steadily increasing.

[0034] Since the penetration of water vapor causes solar cells to corrode and become damaged, leading to a loss of cell performance and a rapid decline in module performance, it is particularly important to block water vapor penetration into solar cell modules through packaging. In conventional solar cell modules, lead holes are formed on the backsheet to allow conductive strips to pass through, and the strips are connected to the junction box after passing through these lead holes. However, water vapor easily enters the interior of the solar cell module through these lead holes, causing vapor erosion on the solar cells and affecting the module's output power.

[0035] To solve the aforementioned problems, a method is generally used in which solar cells and backsheets are assembled, and after thermal compression packaging (also called lamination), an adhesive is injected from the outside of the backsheet into the lead hole and cured to form a sealing adhesive layer that seals the lead hole. However, the above method has the following problems: 1. The adhesive injection can only fill the lead hole. 2. Since the adhesive is injected from the outside to the inside, air is not expelled in time, which can cause pores to form at the interface between the sealing adhesive layer and the hole wall of the lead hole, thereby affecting the stability of the interface, or water vapor is not completely removed and remains during the sealing process. 3. Since the sealing adhesive layer is bonded to the hole wall of the lead hole solely by adhesive force, it easily detaches or displaces due to external stress, affecting the sealing effect and resulting in poor durability.

[0036] Accordingly, to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present application provides a solar cell module comprising a solar cell, a backsheet, and a waterproof layer.

[0037] Here, a conductive strip having lead ends is electrically connected to a solar cell; a back sheet is located on the back surface of the solar cell and has lead holes formed corresponding to the lead ends; a waterproof layer has a charging portion and a connecting portion connected to each other, the charging portion is charged within the lead holes to seal the lead holes, the lead ends pass through the charging portion and penetrate the lead holes, and the connecting portion surrounds the charging portion in a perimeter direction and is interposed between the solar cell and the back sheet.

[0038] The present application uses a method in which a waterproof layer is provided with a charging portion and a connecting portion connected to each other, the charging portion is filled into a lead hole to seal the lead hole, and the connecting portion surrounds the charging portion in a perimeter direction and is interposed between the solar cell and the back sheet, so that on one hand, by installing the waterproof layer inside the solar cell module, not only is the hole blocked during the heat compression process, but the connecting portion surrounds the charging portion in a perimeter direction and is stably interposed between the solar cell and the back sheet, thereby helping to forcibly restrain the waterproof layer so that the connection between the waterproof layer, the back sheet, and the solar cell becomes more robust, thus preventing the risk of the waterproof layer being invalidated and helping to further improve the hydroxyl stability of the device; on the other hand, since water vapor is discharged from the inside to the outside during the heat compression process, it helps to reduce water vapor that inevitably remains inside the solar cell module after packaging, thereby improving the stability of the connection interface.

[0039] Hereinafter, an exemplary embodiment of the technical solution of the present application will be described by combining it with the attached drawings.

[0040] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a solar cell module (1000) according to some embodiments of the present application includes a solar cell (11), a back sheet (16), and a waterproof layer (15).

[0041] Here, a conductive strip (17) having an output end (171) is electrically connected to a solar cell (11); a back sheet (16) is located on the back surface of the solar cell (11) and a lead hole (161) corresponding to the output end (171) is formed; a waterproof layer (15) has a charging part (151) and a connecting part (153) connected to each other, the charging part (151) is charged within the lead hole (161) to seal the lead hole (161), the output end (171) passes through the charging part (151) and penetrates the lead hole (161), and the connecting part (153) surrounds the charging part (151) in a perimeter direction and is interposed between the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16).

[0042] The solar cell (11) may be a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, a polycrystalline silicon solar cell, or a perovskite solar cell, but is not limited thereto. As can be understood, the solar cell (11) has opposing front and back sides, the front side is the side where the solar cell (11) faces sunlight when the solar cell module (1000) is operating normally, and the back side is the side where the solar cell (11) has its back to sunlight when the solar cell module (1000) is operating normally.

[0043] The conductive strip (17) may be a conductive metal and includes, but is not limited to, copper strips, aluminum strips, etc. The conductive strip (17) includes a positive conductive strip and a negative conductive strip, wherein the positive conductive strip is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the solar cell (11) and the negative conductive strip is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the solar cell (11) to output electrical energy to the outside.

[0044] The back sheet (16) refers to a sheet that faces away from sunlight when the solar cell module (1000) is operating normally. The back sheet (16) is positioned on the back surface of the solar cell (11) to package the back surface of the solar cell (11) and prevent the penetration of water vapor. Here, the back sheet (16) includes, but is not limited to, a glass plate, a metal composite plate, a composite polymer plate containing a metal film layer, or a composite polymer plate containing an inorganic non-metal film layer. Each of the above-described back sheets (16) has excellent water vapor blocking ability, and, for example, the back sheet is a transparent glass plate.

[0045] The lead hole (161) on the back sheet (16) is used to provide a passage through which the conductive strip (17) can protrude outside the solar cell module (1000). The fact that the lead end (171) passes through the lead hole (161) via the charging part (151) means that the charging part (151) has a packaging surface facing away from the solar cell (11), and the lead end (171) passes through the charging part (151) and protrudes outside the packaging surface of the charging part (151).

[0046] The waterproof layer (15) refers to a component having a certain waterproof performance.

[0047] As can be understood, the charging portion (151) and the connecting portion (153) are formed integrally, the charging portion (151) is filled within the lead hole (161) to seal the lead hole (161), and the connecting portion (153) surrounds the charging portion (151) in a circumferential direction and is interposed between the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16). Therefore, in the actual manufacturing process, the waterproof layer (15) is located between the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16), and the orthographic projection of the lead hole (161) along the stacking direction of the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16) is located within the waterproof layer (15). Thus, during the heat compression process, a portion of the waterproof layer (15) can be filled into the lead hole (161) under the action of heat pressure and seal the lead hole (161) to form the charging portion (151), and the remaining waterproof layer (15) is stably interposed between the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16). Compared to the method of sealing by injecting adhesive after lamination, the following advantages are provided: 1. By utilizing the connection part (153) being interposed between the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16), the stability of the waterproof layer (15) is effectively improved, the separation of the interface is prevented, waterproofing is improved, and the conductive strip (17) is effectively fixed. 2. Even if water vapor enters the interior of the solar cell module (1000) through the lead hole (161), the charging part (151) and the connection part (153) are formed as a single unit, so the path through which water vapor enters the interior of the solar cell module (1000) is effectively extended, thereby improving waterproofing performance. 3. By utilizing a method of discharging air and water vapor, etc. from the inside to the outside under thermal compression action, it helps to reduce water vapor, etc. that inevitably remains inside the solar cell module after packaging.

[0048] As can be understood, the connection portion (153) being interposed between the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16) means that the connection portion (153) may be in direct contact with the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16), or other layer structures may be added. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in addition to the connection portion (153), a back packaging adhesive film (14) is further interposed between the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16), and the solar cell (11), the connection portion (153), the back packaging adhesive film (14), and the back sheet (16) are laminated.

[0049] In summary, the solar cell module (1000) provided in the present application has a waterproof layer (15) comprising a charging portion (151) and a connecting portion (153) connected to each other, wherein the charging portion (151) is charged within a lead hole (161) to seal the lead hole (161), and the connecting portion (153) surrounds the charging portion (151) in a circumferential direction and is interposed between the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16). On the other hand, by installing the waterproof layer (15) inside the solar cell module (1000), not only is the hole blocked during the heat compression process, but the connecting portion (153) surrounds the charging portion (151) in a circumferential direction and is stably interposed between the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16), thus helping to forcibly restrain the waterproof layer (15) so that the connection between the waterproof layer (15), the back sheet (16), and the solar cell (11) becomes more robust, thereby reducing the risk of invalidation of the waterproof layer (15). It helps to prevent and further improve the hydroxyl stability of the device; on the other hand, since water vapor is discharged from the inside to the outside during the heat compression process, it helps to reduce water vapor that inevitably remains in the solar cell module (1000) after packaging, thereby improving the stability of the connection interface.

[0050] That is, the solar cell module (1000) provided in the present application, through the introduction and installation location of the waterproof layer (15), not only improves the waterproof performance in the lead hole (161) but also improves the reliability of the waterproof layer (15), thereby further reducing the impact on the output power of the solar cell module (1000).

[0051] Optionally, the charging part (151) and the connecting part (153) are formed integrally.

[0052] As can be understood, to prevent a short circuit, an insulating layer (not shown) is installed in the area where the conductive strip (17) contacts the solar cell (11) and may cause a short circuit.

[0053] Here, the number of lead holes (161) is one or two.

[0054] When the number of lead holes (161) is one, the positive conductive strip and the negative conductive strip are drawn out through the same lead hole (161).

[0055] When the number of lead holes (161) is two, the two lead holes (161) are installed corresponding to the positive conductive strip and the negative conductive strip, respectively, and the positive conductive strip and the negative conductive strip are drawn out from the two corresponding lead holes (161).

[0056] Here, in addition to the structural improvements described above, the waterproofing performance of the lead hole (161) can be further improved by selecting a material with excellent waterproofing properties.

[0057] According to some embodiments of the present application, the water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer (15) is <0.1 g / m 2 It is *d.

[0058] Water vapor permeability is a physical quantity that indicates the blocking effect of the waterproof layer (15) against water vapor. According to the GB / T 21529-2008 standard, the film can be tested using a water vapor permeability tester.

[0059] The water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer (15) is <0.1 g / m 2 Since it is *d, the waterproof performance of the lead hole (161) of the solar cell module (1000) can be effectively improved, and furthermore, the effect on the output power of the solar cell module (1000) can be reduced.

[0060] According to some embodiments of the present application, the water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer (15) is 0.01 to 0.05 g / m 2 It is *d.

[0061] When the water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer (15) is within the range described above, the waterproof performance of the lead holes of the solar cell module (1000) can be effectively improved, and furthermore, the effect on the output power of the solar cell module (1000) can be reduced.

[0062] For example, the water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer (15) is 0.01 g / m 2 *d, 0.02g / m 2 *d, 0.03g / m 2 *d, 0.04g / m 2 *d or 0.05g / m² 2 It is between one or two values ​​of *d.

[0063] According to some embodiments of the present application, the material of the waterproof layer (15) is at least one of rubber, silicone, silicone mixture, organic silicone rubber or rubber mixture.

[0064] Here, the rubber includes, but is not limited to, polyisobutylene or butyl rubber, and a person skilled in the art may select according to actual demand.

[0065] A rubber mixture refers to a mixture in which rubber is the main material, but is doped with various additives, fillers, etc.

[0066] A silicon mixture is a mixture in which silicon is the main material, but is doped with various additives, fillers, etc.

[0067] Each of the aforementioned materials is easily obtainable and has a lower water vapor permeability, thus possessing good water resistance.

[0068] In addition to the materials exemplified above, the waterproof layer (15) may be made of a hybrid material as long as it can achieve the required waterproof level, and is not specifically limited thereto.

[0069] As can be understood, each of the materials described above is a conventional material, and the embodiment of the present application does not protect the components of the waterproof layer (15), and the structure described above merely implements a waterproofing effect by utilizing the characteristics of the conventional material. A person skilled in the art would be able to flexibly select various materials according to various usage requirements to implement the corresponding waterproofing requirements.

[0070] According to some embodiments of the present application, the material of the waterproof layer (15) is butyl rubber.

[0071] Butyl rubber has excellent durability and better water resistance, so it helps to continuously and effectively improve the waterproof performance of the lead hole (161) of the solar cell module (1000) and further reduce the impact on the output power of the solar cell module (1000).

[0072] It should be explained that the waterproof layer (15) can be interposed between the direct solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16).

[0073] According to some embodiments of the present application, a waterproof layer (15) is bonded between a solar cell (11) and a back sheet (16). Through the bonding method, on the one hand, the position of the waterproof layer (15) can be easily determined and displacement during the lamination process can be prevented, and on the other hand, it helps to improve structural stability and waterproofness between the waterproof layer (15), the solar cell (11), and the back sheet (16).

[0074] As can be understood, the waterproof layer (15) being bonded between the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16) means that the waterproof layer (15) has adhesive strength, that is, the waterproof layer (15) being bonded between the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16) means that the charging part (151) is bonded to the hole wall of the lead hole (161), and the connecting part (153) is bonded to the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16), respectively.

[0075] The waterproof layer (15) having adhesive properties may exist in the form of a rubber strip, tape, or an adhesive film formed by curing a liquid adhesive, and is not specifically limited thereto.

[0076] For example, the material of the waterproof layer (15) may be a butyl strip, butyl tape, or a butyl adhesive film formed by curing a liquid butyl adhesive.

[0077] Here, since the waterproof layer (15) is installed on the back surface of the solar cell (11), the installation of the waterproof layer (15) does not affect the absorption of sunlight by the solar cell (11). Therefore, the waterproof layer (15) can be applied to the entire back surface of the solar cell (11) or installed only in a local area corresponding to the lead hole (161). After lamination, the waterproof layer (15) only needs to be provided with a charging part (151) capable of filling and sealing the inside of the lead hole (161), and a connecting part (153) located between the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16) and surrounding the charging part (151) in a perimeter direction.

[0078] As illustrated in FIG. 3, according to some embodiments of the present application, the area of ​​the waterproof layer (15) is smaller than the area of ​​the back sheet (16).

[0079] That is, the waterproof layer (15) is not installed on the entire back surface of the solar cell (11), but on a local area corresponding to the lead hole (161).

[0080] Through the installation described above, it helps to improve the waterproof performance of the lead hole (161) of the solar cell module (1000) while simultaneously reducing manufacturing costs.

[0081] According to some embodiments of the present application, the ratio of the area of ​​the waterproof layer (15) to the area of ​​the back sheet (16) is 1:20 to 1:100.

[0082] Within the above-described range, the waterproof performance of the lead hole (161) of the solar cell module (1000) is improved while simultaneously reducing manufacturing costs.

[0083] For example, the ratio of the area of ​​the waterproof layer (15) to the area of ​​the back sheet (16) is between one or any two values ​​of 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50, 1:60, 1:70, 1:80, 1:90, or 1:100.

[0084] As illustrated in FIG. 4, according to some embodiments of the present application, a junction box (18) is installed on one side of the back sheet (16) facing away from the solar cell (11), and a conductive strip (17) is electrically connected to the junction box (18), and the orthographic projection of the waterproof layer (15) on the back sheet (16) is located within the orthographic projection of the junction box (18) on the back sheet (16). The junction box (18) is used to allow the solar cell module (1000) to be externally connected to an electrical device, and the junction box (18) has a positive terminal for being electrically connected to a positive conductive strip and a negative terminal for being electrically connected to a negative conductive strip, and the electrical connection method is, for example, welding. The junction box (18) can be connected to the back sheet (16) by means of adhesive, and in the course of actual use, an organic silicon gel, for example, is filled into the junction box (18) to form a waterproof filling layer after the liquid adhesive is completely cured.

[0085] As can be understood, the position of the connection box (18) corresponds to the lead hole (161), and the orthographic projection of the back sheet (16) of the waterproof layer (15) is located within the orthographic projection of the back sheet (16) of the connection box (18), which means that the orthographic projection area of ​​the back sheet (16) of the connection box (18) is greater than or equal to the orthographic projection area of ​​the back sheet (16) of the waterproof layer (15).

[0086] Since the projection of the waterproof layer (15) on the back sheet (16) is located within the projection of the back sheet (16) of the connection box (18), on one hand, the waterproof performance of the lead hole (161) of the solar cell module (1000) is improved and the manufacturing cost is reduced, and on the other hand, the waterproof layer (15) is covered by the connection box (18) to improve the aesthetics of the solar cell module (1000).

[0087] It should be explained that the back sheet (16) and the solar cell (11) can be installed with only a waterproof layer (15), and in order to seal the lead hole (161) after lamination, the thickness of the charging part (151) before lamination can be appropriately increased.

[0088] In addition to the installation described above, referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, according to some embodiments of the present application, the solar cell module (1000) further comprises a back packaging adhesive film (14) located between a back sheet (16) and a solar cell (11); wherein, as shown in FIG. 1, a waterproof layer (15) is located between the solar cell (11) and the back packaging adhesive film (14), and / or as shown in FIG. 2, the waterproof layer (15) is located between the back sheet (16) and the back packaging adhesive film (14).

[0089] The back packaging adhesive film (14) can perform mechanical buffer protection for the solar cell (11) and can provide support between the back sheet (16) and the solar cell (11) for the waterproof layer (15), and since the back packaging adhesive film (14) has adhesive properties, it can improve the connection stability between the waterproof layer (15), the solar cell, and the back sheet (16).

[0090] The back packaging adhesive film (14) may be an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer film (EVA film), a polyvinyl butyral film (PVB film), a thermoplastic polyurethane film (TPU film), a polydimethylsiloxane film (PDMS film), a polyolefin elastomer film (POE film), an ionomer ethylene copolymer film, etc.

[0091] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 2, a waterproof layer (15) is located between the back sheet (16) and the back packaging adhesive film (14).

[0092] Through the installation described above, the waterproof layer (15) after lamination is filled directly into the lead hole (161) to help seal the lead hole (161) and effectively block water vapor in a timely manner, so the waterproof effect is more desirable.

[0093] According to some embodiments of the present application, the solar cell (11) is a perovskite solar cell.

[0094] In a perovskite solar cell, the absorption layer is mainly composed of perovskite material, and when sunlight is incident, the perovskite layer first absorbs photons to generate electron-hole pairs (excitons), and under the action of a pn junction electric field, the excitons are first separated into electrons and holes and transported to the cathode and anode, respectively, and the photogenerated holes flow into the p region and the photogenerated electrons flow into the n region, and when the circuit is connected, current is formed.

[0095] Here, the perovskite solar cell generally includes functional layers such as a transparent substrate layer, a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer (113), a second carrier transport layer, and an electrode layer (116), and either one of the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer (112) and the other is an electron transport layer (114), and here, in the perovskite solar cell, a corresponding modification layer can be inserted between the layers.

[0096] Here, the transparent conductive substrate may include, but is not limited to, FTO, ITO, AZO, BZO, or IZO.

[0097] The chemical formula of the perovskite absorption layer (113) satisfies ABX3 or A2CDX6, wherein A is an inorganic cation, an organic cation, or an organic-inorganic mixed cation, and the following material: methylamino ion (CH3NH 3+ ), formamidinyl ion (HC(NH2) 2+ ), cesium ion (Cs + ) and rubidium ions (Rb + ...includes, but is not limited to, at least one of ) etc.; B is an inorganic cation, an organic cation, or an organic-inorganic mixed cation, and the following material: divalent metal ion Pb 2+ and annotation Sn2 + It comprises at least one of, but is not limited to,; C is an inorganic cation, an organic cation, or an organic-inorganic mixed cation, and the following materials: monovalent metal ion Ag + Includes, but is not limited to, etc.; D is an inorganic cation, an organic cation, or an organic-inorganic mixed cation, and the following materials: trivalent metal ion Bi 3+ Includes, but is not limited to, the following; X is an inorganic anion, an organic anion, or an organic-inorganic mixed anion, and includes at least one of the following materials: chloride ion (Cl-), bromide ion (Br-), iodide ion (I-), etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0098] For example, the band gap of the perovskite layer is 1.20 to 2.30 eV, and the thickness is between 200 and 1000 nm.

[0099] The electron transport layer (114) is one or more of the following materials and their derivatives and materials obtained through doping or passivation: methyl[6,6]-phenyl C 61 Butyrate (PC 61 BM), methyl[6,6]-phenyl C 71 Butyrate (PC 71 BM), fullerene C60 (C60), fullerene C70 (C70), tin dioxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), etc.

[0100] The hole transport layer (112) is the following material and its derivatives and a material obtained through doping or passivation: poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine](PTAA), 2,2',7,7'-tetra[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), triphenylamine having a tryptysene core (H101), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine (EDOT-OMeTPA), N-(4-aniline)carbazole-spirobifluorene (CzPAF-SBF), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS), polythiophene, nickel oxide (NiOx), molybdenum oxide (MoO3), It is one or more of cuprous iodide (CuI), cuprous oxide (CuO), etc.

[0101] The material of the electrode layer (116) is an organic, inorganic, or organic-inorganic mixed conductive material, and includes at least one of the following materials: Ag, Cu, C, Au, Al, ITO, AZO, BZO, and IZO, but is not limited thereto.

[0102] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 4, when the solar cell (11) is a perovskite solar cell, the structure of the perovskite solar cell is: a structure in which a transparent conductive glass substrate (111), a metal fluoride layer (115), an electron transport layer (114), a perovskite light absorption layer (113), a hole transport layer (112), and an electrode layer (116) are sequentially stacked; or, a structure in which a transparent conductive glass substrate (111), a hole transport layer (112), a perovskite light absorption layer (113), an electron transport layer (114), a metal fluoride layer (115), and an electrode layer (116) are sequentially stacked, wherein the electrode layer (116) is a metal electrode or a transparent conductive electrode, and wherein a corresponding modification layer may be inserted between the layers.

[0103] Here, the material of the metal fluoride layer (115) includes, but is not limited to, lithium fluoride, and can be selected by a person skilled in the art according to actual needs.

[0104] According to some embodiments of the present application, the solar cell module (1000) includes a transparent panel located in front of the solar cell (11).

[0105] By packaging the front of the solar cell (11) through a transparent panel, it helps to further suppress or prevent the penetration of water vapor.

[0106] What needs to be explained is that when the solar cell (11) is a perovskite solar cell, as shown in FIG. 4, the transparent panel may be a transparent substrate layer inherent in the perovskite solar cell itself, or it may be an additionally installed transparent panel.

[0107] As can be understood, if the transparent panel is an additional transparent panel rather than a transparent substrate layer inherent in the perovskite solar cell itself, the solar cell module (1000) may further install a front packaging adhesive film (not shown) between the transparent panel and the solar cell (11), and the front packaging adhesive film is bonded between the transparent panel and the solar cell (11). At this time, mechanical buffer protection can be performed on the solar cell (11) using the front packaging adhesive film, and stability between the front packaging adhesive film, the solar cell, and the transparent panel is improved.

[0108] The front packaging adhesive film may be an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer film (EVA film), a polyvinyl butyral film (PVB film), a thermoplastic polyurethane film (TPU film), a polydimethylsiloxane film (PDMS film), a polyolefin elastomer film (POE film), an ionomer ethylene copolymer film, etc.

[0109] Referring to FIG. 4, according to some embodiments of the present application, the solar cell module (1000) further includes a sealing member (19) that surrounds the solar cell (11) and is laminated and bonded to a transparent panel and a back sheet (16), respectively, to form a sealed space for accommodating the solar cell (11).

[0110] Through the installation described above, solar modules can be effectively packaged to suppress or prevent the penetration of water vapor.

[0111] Here, the sealing member (19) is bonded around the solar cell (11), and through the bonding method, the connection stability between the sealing member (19) and other members can be improved and also help prevent displacement during stacking.

[0112] The water vapor permeability of the sealing member (19) can be referenced to the waterproof layer (15). The material of the sealing member (19) is rubber, silicone, or organic silicone rubber.

[0113] For example, the sealing member (19) is a butyl rubber strip or tape.

[0114] It should be explained that the solar cell module (1000) in the embodiment of the present application may further include components such as a frame, and may perform corresponding installations according to specific usage situations, which are not described in further detail here.

[0115] For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the waterproof layer (15) is positioned between the back sheet (16) and the back packaging adhesive film (14), and the method of manufacturing the solar cell module (1000) is as follows:

[0116] A solar cell (11) is grown or placed on a transparent panel, and an insulating layer (not shown) is installed in an area where the solar cell (11) may come into contact with a conductive strip (17) and cause a short circuit. The conductive strip (17) is welded to the solar cell (11) to be electrically connected, and then a sealing member (19) is attached around the solar cell (11) to secure an adhesive overflow space. A back packaging adhesive film (14) is laminated on the front of the solar cell (11), and a through hole is opened in the back packaging adhesive film (14) through which the conductive strip (17) protrudes. A waterproof layer (15) is bonded to the surface of a back packaging adhesive film (14) so ​​that the lead end (171) of a conductive strip (17) protrudes outside the waterproof layer (15), and then a back sheet (16) having a lead hole (161) on one side facing away from the back packaging adhesive film (14) of the waterproof layer (15) is laminated so that the lead end (171) protrudes outside the back sheet (16) through the lead hole (161). Subsequently, the waterproof layer (15) is placed in a stacking press machine to perform a heat pressing operation, and a portion of the waterproof layer (15) is filled into the lead hole (161) by the pressure of the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16) to form a filling portion (151) that seals the lead hole (161), and the extraction portion (171) passes through the filling portion (151) and penetrates the lead hole (161), and the remaining portion of the waterproof layer (15) is interposed between the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16) by surrounding the filling portion (151) in a perimeter direction as a connecting portion (153).

[0117] After lamination is complete, the junction box (18) is bonded to the back sheet (16), and the conductive strip (17) can be electrically connected to the connection terminal of the junction box (18) through welding. Finally, an organic silicone gel mixed in a 1:1 ratio is injected into the junction box (18) using a glue gun, and the adhesive is completely cured.

[0118] According to some embodiments of the present application, the present application further provides a photovoltaic module comprising a plurality of the above-described solar cell modules that are electrically connected.

[0119] Multiple means two or more integers.

[0120] A photovoltaic module refers to a power generation system that directly converts solar radiation energy into electrical energy using the photovoltaic effect. It is divided into stand-alone PV systems and grid-connected PV systems. A stand-alone PV system consists of a photovoltaic array composed of solar cell modules, a battery group, a charge controller, a power electronic converter (inverter), and a load, while a grid-connected PV system consists of a photovoltaic array, a high-frequency DC / DC boost circuit, a power electronic converter (inverter), and a system monitoring section.

[0121] According to some embodiments of the present application, the present application further provides an electric device comprising a solar cell module or a photovoltaic module for supplying electric energy to an electric device provided in the above-described method.

[0122] The electric device can take various forms, such as electric vehicles, ships, spacecraft, solar water heaters, and solar energy. The power supply method of the electric device may be a single power supply method of solar cell modules, or solar cell modules and energy storage cells may be supplied together; that is, solar cell modules and energy storage cells may be installed simultaneously in the electric device. The energy storage cell is not limited to primary and secondary batteries, but may be, for example, lithium-ion secondary batteries, sodium-ion secondary batteries, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0123] The present application is described in more detail below with reference to some specific embodiments.

[0124] In the examples and comparative examples below, perovskite solar cells are manufactured in the following manner:

[0125] 1) A 30*30cm FTO conductive glass was selected, and the etched ITO conductive glass was ultrasonically cleaned several times in sequence with water, acetone, and isopropanol, the solvent was removed with a nitrogen gun, and the glass was placed in an ultraviolet ozone generator for additional cleaning to obtain a transparent conductive glass substrate.

[0126] 2) A hole transport layer was obtained by spin-coating 2 mg / mL of PTAA paste onto ITO conductive glass treated with UV ozone at a speed of 5000 rpm / s, followed by annealing at 100°C for 10 min on a hot plate.

[0127] 3) A perovskite precursor solution was spin-coated onto the prepared hole transport layer at 1,000 to 5,000 rpm / s, annealed at 100°C for 30 minutes, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a perovskite absorption layer, wherein the active material of the perovskite absorption layer is FA 0.83 Cs 0.17 It is PbI3.

[0128] 4) Place the substrate obtained in step 3) into a deposition machine, and deposit at a vacuum level of 5*10 -4 When Pa was below, a 1 nm thick lithium fluoride metal fluoride was deposited on the perovskite absorption layer at a rate of 0.02 A / s, followed by a 30 nm electron transport layer at a rate of 0.05 A / s, and finally, an 80 nm back electrode layer at a rate of 0.1 A / s. A perovskite solar cell was obtained.

[0129] Example 1

[0130] Referring to FIG. 4, the solar cell module (1000) includes sequentially stacked solar cells (11), a back packaging adhesive film (14), a waterproof layer (15) and a back sheet (16), and a sealing member (19) surrounding the solar cells (11).

[0131] Here, the solar cell (11) is a perovskite solar cell and comprises a transparent conductive glass substrate (111), a hole transport layer (112), a perovskite light absorption layer (113), an electron transport layer (114), a metal fluoride layer (115), and an electrode layer (116) that are sequentially stacked. Here, the transparent conductive glass substrate (111) of the perovskite solar cell is used as a transparent panel of the solar cell module (1000).

[0132] The sealing member (19) is laminated and bonded to the transparent panel and back sheet (16) respectively to form a sealing space for accommodating the solar cell (11), back packaging adhesive film (14), and waterproof layer (15).

[0133] Referring to FIGS. 2, 3, and 4, a conductive strip (17) having a lead end (171) is electrically connected to a solar cell (11). Here, to prevent a short circuit, an insulating adhesive (not shown) is installed in an area where the conductive strip (17) comes into contact with the solar cell (11) and may cause a short circuit. A lead hole (161) corresponding to the lead end (171) is installed in the back sheet (16).

[0134] The waterproof layer (15) includes a charging portion (151) and a connecting portion (153) connected to each other, the charging portion (151) is filled within the lead hole (161) to seal the lead hole (161), the connecting portion (153) surrounds the charging portion (151) in a perimeter direction and is interposed between the solar cell (11) and the back sheet (16), and the extraction portion (171) passes through the charging portion (151) and penetrates the lead hole (161).

[0135] Here, in this embodiment, the area of ​​the waterproof layer (15) is smaller than the area of ​​the back sheet (16).

[0136] Here, the waterproof layer (15) and the sealing member (19) are both butyl tape.

[0137] Comparative Example 1

[0138] The difference between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is that, instead of installing a waterproof layer, butyl adhesive is injected into the lead hole on one side facing away from the solar cell of the back sheet after lamination and cured to seal the lead hole.

[0139] Test example

[0140] Before performing an aging test on the solar cell modules prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the device performance was tested using a Keithley 2400SMU under a light source condition of 100mW / cm² under AM 1.5G solar irradiation, and there was no significant difference in performance between the solar cell module provided in Comparative Example 1 and the solar cell module provided in Example 1.

[0141] The solar cell modules prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were each placed in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at 85°C-85%RH to conduct an aging test, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell modules was measured.

[0142] The measurement method for photoelectric conversion efficiency is as follows: Cell performance tests were performed under a light source of 100 mW / cm², and the photoelectric conversion efficiency was calculated as follows:

[0143] PCE = Pout / Popt

[0144] = Voc×Jsc×(Vmpp×Jmpp) / (Voc×Jsc)

[0145] = Voc × Jsc × FF. Here, Pout, Popt, Vmpp, Jmpp, Voc, and Jsc are the battery operating output power, incident light power, battery maximum power point voltage, battery maximum power point current, open circuit voltage, and short circuit current, respectively.

[0146] As a result of the test, the solar cell module manufactured in Comparative Example 1 showed distinct degradation in the junction box area after undergoing an aging test for about 100 hours in an 85℃-85%RH constant temperature and humidity chamber, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency dropped to 23% of the initial efficiency, whereas the solar cell module manufactured in Example 1 still maintained a black color and showed no distinct change after undergoing an aging test for 700 hours in an 85℃-85%RH constant temperature and humidity chamber, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency still maintained over 98%.

[0147] Finally, it should be explained that each of the embodiments described above is used only to illustrate the technical solution of the present application and is not intended to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to each of the embodiments described above, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution described in the embodiments described above may still be modified or that some or all of its technical features may be equivalently substituted. However, such modifications or substitutions are not to cause the essence of the technical solution to be excluded from the scope of the technical solution according to each embodiment of the present application, and all such modifications or substitutions should be included within the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, all technical features mentioned in each embodiment may be combined in any manner, provided there is no structural conflict. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims. Explanation of the symbols

[0148] 1000: Solar cell module; 11: Solar cell; 14: Back packaging adhesive film; 15: Waterproofing layer; 16: Backsheet; 17: Challenge Strip; 18: Connected; 19: Sealing member; 151: Charging part; 153: Connection part; 161: Lead hole; 171: Withdrawal unit; 111: Transparent conductive glass substrate; 112: Fixed transport layer; 113: Perovskite absorption layer; 114: Electron transport layer; 115: Metal fluoride layer; 116: Electrode layer

Claims

Claim 1 A solar cell module comprising: a solar cell electrically connected to a conductive strip having a lead end; a back sheet located on the back surface of the solar cell and having a lead hole corresponding to the lead end; and a waterproof layer having a charging portion and a connecting portion connected to each other, wherein the charging portion is charged within the lead hole to seal the lead hole, the lead end passes through the charging portion and penetrates the lead hole, and the connecting portion surrounds the charging portion in a perimeter direction and is interposed between the solar cell and the back sheet. Claim 2 In claim 1, the water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer is <0.1 g / m 2 *d, solar cell module. Claim 3 In claim 1, the water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer is 0.01 to 0.05 g / m 2 *d, solar cell module. Claim 4 A solar cell module according to paragraph 2 or 3, wherein the material of the waterproof layer is at least one of rubber, silicone, silicone mixture, organic silicone rubber, or rubber mixture. Claim 5 A solar cell module according to paragraph 2 or 3, wherein the material of the waterproof layer is butyl rubber. Claim 6 A solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the waterproof layer is bonded between the solar cell and the back sheet. Claim 7 A solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the area of ​​the waterproof layer is smaller than the area of ​​the back sheet. Claim 8 A solar cell module according to claim 7, wherein the ratio of the area of ​​the waterproof layer to the area of ​​the back sheet is 1:20 to 1:

100. Claim 9 A solar cell module according to claim 7 or 8, wherein a junction box is installed on one side of the back sheet facing away from the solar cell, the conductive strip is electrically connected to the junction box, and the orthographic projection of the waterproof layer on the back sheet is located within the orthographic projection of the junction box on the back sheet. Claim 10 A solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a back-side packaging adhesive film positioned between the back sheet and the solar cell, wherein the waterproof layer is positioned between the solar cell and the back-side packaging adhesive film, and / or the waterproof layer is positioned between the back sheet and the back-side packaging adhesive film. Claim 11 A solar cell module, wherein, in any one of claims 1 to 10, the solar cell is a perovskite solar cell. Claim 12 A solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the solar cell module comprises a transparent panel located in front of the solar cell. Claim 13 A solar cell module according to claim 12, further comprising a sealing member that surrounds the solar cell in a circumferential direction and is laminated and bonded to the transparent panel and the back sheet, respectively, to form a sealed space for accommodating the solar cell. Claim 14 A solar module comprising a plurality of solar cell modules according to any one of claims 1 to 13 that are electrically connected. Claim 15 An electric device comprising a solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 13 or a photovoltaic module according to claim 14 for supplying electric energy to the electric device.

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