Liquid crystal on silicon panel for reducing image sticking and electronic device including the same

Abstract

An electronic device may include an LCoS (liquid crystal on silicon) panel comprising a display driver IC (integrated circuitry) and pixels. The display driver IC may be configured to apply a common voltage and a first data voltage to each of the first pixels corresponding to an image among the pixels within a first time interval, and to apply the common voltage to each of the second pixels among the pixels. The display driver IC may be configured to apply the common voltage and a second data voltage to each of the first pixels within a second time interval following the first time interval, and to apply the common voltage to each of the second pixels. The display driver IC may be configured to apply the common voltage and a reference voltage to each of the second pixels within a third time interval between the first time interval and the second time interval.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The following descriptions relate to a liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) panel for reducing image sticking and an electronic device including the same. Background Technology

[0003] A display may be used to display an image. The display may include a display panel and a display driving circuit. For example, the display panel may include a liquid crystal display. For example, the liquid crystal display may include an LCoS (liquid crystal on silicon) panel.

[0004] The information described above may be provided as related art for the purpose of aiding understanding of the present disclosure. No claim or determination is made as to whether any of the foregoing may be applied as prior art related to the present disclosure. means of solving the problem

[0006] An electronic device may include a display driver IC (integrated circuitry). The electronic device may include an LCoS (liquid crystal on silicon) panel including pixels. Each of the pixels may include a liquid crystal element. The display driver IC may be configured to apply a common voltage used to drive the liquid crystal element and a first data voltage for a first color of an image to be displayed to each of the first pixels corresponding to the image among the pixels of the LCoS panel within a first time interval, and to apply the common voltage to each of the second pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel that are different from the first pixels. The display driver IC may be configured to apply the common voltage and a second data voltage for the second color of the image to each of the first pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel within a second time interval following the first time interval, and to apply the common voltage to each of the second pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel. The display driver IC may be configured to apply the common voltage and a reference voltage to each of the second pixels among the pixels within a third time interval between the first time interval and the second time interval.

[0007] A method is provided by an electronic device having an LCoS (liquid crystal on silicon) panel comprising a display driver IC (integrated circuitry) and pixels. Each of the pixels may include a liquid crystal element. The method may include, within a first time interval, an operation in which the display driver IC applies a common voltage used to drive the liquid crystal element and a first data voltage for a first color of an image to be displayed to each of the first pixels corresponding to the image among the pixels of the LCoS panel, and an operation in which the display driver IC applies the common voltage to each of the second pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel that are different from the first pixels. The above method may include, within a second time interval following the first time interval, the operation of the display driver IC applying the common voltage and a second data voltage for the second color of the image to each of the first pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel, and the operation of the display driver IC applying the common voltage to each of the second pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel. The above method may include, within a third time interval between the first time interval and the second time interval, the operation of the display driver IC applying the common voltage and a reference voltage to each of the second pixels among the pixels. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0009] FIG. 1a illustrates an exemplary electronic device including an LCoS panel. FIG. 1b illustrates a method of displaying an image using an LCoS panel. FIG. 2a illustrates an exemplary pixel of an LCoS panel. FIG. 2b illustrates the driving of pixels for displaying an image. FIG. 3a illustrates examples of areas where an image received from at least one processor is to be displayed among the display areas of an LCoS panel. FIG. 3b illustrates the driving of first pixels corresponding to an area where an image is to be displayed and the driving of second pixels corresponding to another area different from the area where the image is to be displayed. FIG. 3c illustrates an example of the state of a pixel's liquid crystal that changes according to the voltage applied to the pixel. FIG. 4a illustrates the driving of first pixels and the driving of second pixels based on applying a reference voltage to a pixel in a time interval between time intervals in which a data voltage for the color of an image is applied to the pixel in order to reduce image sticking. FIG. 4b illustrates an example of the state of a pixel's liquid crystal that changes based on applying a reference voltage to the pixel. FIG. 5a illustrates a first configuration example of a pixel of an LCoS panel for applying a reference voltage to the pixel. FIG. 5b illustrates the driving of a pixel of the first configuration example of FIG. 5a. FIG. 6a illustrates a second configuration example of a pixel of an LCoS panel for applying a reference voltage to the pixel. FIG. 6b illustrates the driving of a pixel of the second configuration example of FIG. 6a. FIG. 7a illustrates a third configuration example of a pixel of an LCoS panel for applying a reference voltage to the pixel. FIG. 7b illustrates the driving of a pixel of the third configuration example of FIG. 7a. FIG. 8a illustrates a fourth configuration example of a pixel of an LCoS panel for applying a reference voltage to the pixel. FIG. 8b illustrates the driving of a pixel of the fourth configuration example of FIG. 8a. FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate the driving of first pixels and second pixels based on applying a reference voltage to the pixels during a time interval during which the emission of the pixels is refrained in order to reduce image sticking. FIG. 10a illustrates a method for adjusting a data voltage that expresses a specific range of grayscale levels for second pixels corresponding to a different area different from the area where the image is to be displayed. FIG. 10b illustrates the driving of first pixels and the driving of second pixels to which an adjusted data voltage representing a specific range of grayscale levels is applied in order to reduce image sticking. FIG. 10c illustrates a method for adjusting a data voltage representing a specific range of grayscale levels for first pixels corresponding to an area where an image is to be displayed, and a data voltage representing a specific range of grayscale levels for second pixels corresponding to another area different from the area where an image is to be displayed. FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an electronic device in a network environment according to various embodiments. FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a display module according to various embodiments. FIG. 13a illustrates an example of a perspective view of a wearable device. FIG. 13b illustrates an example of one or more pieces of hardware placed within a wearable device. FIGS. 14a and FIGS. 14b illustrate an example of the appearance of a wearable device. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0010] The terms used in this disclosure are used merely to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of other embodiments. A singular expression may include a plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, may have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art described in this disclosure. Terms used in this disclosure that are defined in a general dictionary may be interpreted as having the same or similar meaning as they have in the context of the relevant technology, and are not to be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined in this disclosure. In some cases, even terms defined in this disclosure are not to be interpreted to exclude the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0011] In the present disclosure, expressions of "greater than" or "less than" may be used to determine whether a specific condition is satisfied or fulfilled; however, this is merely for the purpose of expressing an example and does not exclude descriptions of "greater than" or "less than." Conditions described as "greater than" may be replaced with "greater than," conditions described as "less than" may be replaced with "less than," and conditions described as "greater than and less than" may be replaced with "greater than and less than."

[0013] FIG. 1a illustrates an exemplary electronic device including an LCoS panel.

[0014] FIG. 1a illustrates an example of an electronic device (101) including an LCoS panel (115). The electronic device (101) of FIG. 1a may be an example of the electronic device (1101) of FIG. 11. For example, the electronic device (101) may include at least a part of the electronic device (1101) or correspond to at least a part of it.

[0015] For example, the electronic device (101) may be implemented in various form factors. For example, the electronic device (101) may include a wearable device (or a head-mounted display (HMD)) worn on the head of a user. For example, the wearable device may include an augmented reality (AR) device or a virtual reality (VR) device. For example, an example of the electronic device (101) being a wearable device may be referenced to the wearable device (103) of FIGS. 13a to 14b. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the electronic device (101) may include not only an electronic device including a bar-type display, but also an electronic device including a flexible display. For example, the flexible display may include a rollable display, a foldable display, or a multi-foldable display.

[0016] Referring to FIG. 1a, the electronic device (101) may include at least one processor (111), a display driver integrated circuitry (113), an LCoS panel (115), a light driver IC (117), a light source (120), a polarization structure (125), and a projection structure (127).

[0017] For example, at least one processor (111) may be used to acquire an image. For example, at least one processor (111) may provide the image to a display driver IC (113). For example, at least one processor (111) may provide at least one command related to the display of the image to the display driver IC (113). For example, at least one processor (111) may include at least a part of the processor (1120) of FIG. 11.

[0018] For example, at least one processor (111) may include a CPU (central processing unit), a GPU (graphics processing unit), or a display controller (or DPU (display processing unit)) configured to process an image acquired from volatile memory into a format suitable for the LCoS panel (115). For example, at least one processor (111) may be operatively or operably coupled with a display driver IC (113). For example, at least one processor (111) being operatively coupled with a display driver IC (113) may indicate that at least one processor (111) is directly connected to the display driver IC (113). For example, at least one processor (111) being operatively coupled with a display driver IC (113) may indicate that at least one processor (111) is connected to the display driver IC (113) through another component of the electronic device (101). For example, at least one processor (111) may be connected to a display driver IC (113) via an interface. For example, the interface may be used for transmitting an image from at least one processor (111) to the display driver IC (113). For example, the interface (225) may be a display serial interface (DSI) of the MIPI (mobile industry process interface) alliance. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, at least one processor (111) being operatively coupled to the display driver IC (113) may indicate that the display driver IC (113) operates based on instructions executed by at least one processor (111).For example, at least one processor (111) being operatively coupled with a display driver IC (113) may indicate that the display driver IC (113) is controlled by at least one processor (111).

[0019] For example, the display driver IC (113) may process the image based on the characteristics of the image and / or the characteristics of the LCoS panel (115). For example, the display driver IC (113) may provide signals to the LCoS panel (115) for displaying the image. For example, the display driver IC (113) may include at least a portion of a DDI (e.g., the display driver IC (1230) of FIG. 12). For example, the display driver IC (113) may be operatively coupled with the LCoS panel (115). For example, the operative coupling of the display driver IC (113) with the LCoS panel (115) may indicate that the display driver IC (113) is connected to the LCoS panel (115). For example, the display driver IC (113) being operatively coupled with the LCoS panel (115) may indicate that the LCoS panel (115) is controlled by the display driver IC (113). However, it is not limited thereto.

[0020] For example, the display driver IC (113) may include a first set of circuits for processing the image obtained from at least one processor (111). For example, the first set may be connected to at least one processor (111) and at least one of the LCoS panel (115). For example, the display driver IC (113) may include a second set of circuits for obtaining the processed image from the first set and providing signals to the LCoS panel (115) for displaying the obtained image. For example, the signals for displaying the obtained image may be provided to each of the pixels included in the pixel array (116) of the LCoS panel (115). For example, the signals may include pixel data (or data voltage) applied to each of the pixels and a scan signal provided to each of the pixels.

[0021] For example, the first set may include an interface controller connected to at least one processor (111) through the interface. For example, the interface controller may be used to provide the image obtained from at least one processor (111) to an image processing circuit or a graphic random access memory (GRAM) and to provide a command obtained from at least one processor (111) to a command controller. For example, the interface controller may be included in the interface module (1231) of FIG. 12.

[0022] For example, the first set may include the image processing circuit. For example, the image processing circuit may process the image to adjust the resolution, brightness, and / or size of the image from at least one processor (111). For example, the processed image may be provided to the second set. For example, the image processing circuit may be included in the image processing module (1235) of FIG. 12.

[0023] For example, the first set may further include the GRAM and the GRAM controller. For example, the GRAM may be used to store or record the image obtained from at least one processor (111). For example, the GRAM controller may be used to control the GRAM. The GRAM and the GRAM controller may be included in the memory (1233) of FIG. 12.

[0024] In the above example, the display driver IC (113) is described as including the first set of circuits for processing the image, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the display driver IC (113) may not include the first set of circuits. For example, at least one processor (111) may perform processing on the image and then transmit it to the display driver IC (113). Accordingly, the display driver IC (113) may provide the processed image to the LCoS panel (115) and not perform further processing. At this time, the display driver IC (113) may control the LCoS panel (115) and the light-emitting driver IC (117) to display the processed image.

[0025] For example, the second set may include a timing controller. For example, the timing controller may be used to provide a synchronization signal (or timing signal) to the GRAM controller, source driver circuit, gate driver circuit, and / or light-emitting driver circuit. For example, the synchronization signal may include a vertical synchronization signal (Vsync) (or frame) and a horizontal synchronization signal (Hsync). For example, the synchronization signal may be generated by the timing controller or by a synchronization signal generation circuit located outside the display driver IC (113). For example, the timing controller may be used to provide signals for controlling the source driver circuit, the gate driver circuit, and / or the light-emitting driver. For example, at least some of the second set may be included in the mapping module (1237) of FIG. 12.

[0026] For example, the second set may include the source driver circuit. For example, the source driver circuit may be used to provide the pixel data to be applied to the pixel electrodes of each of the pixels. For example, the source driver circuit may be used to provide the pixel data corresponding to a specific grayscale within the grayscale (or grayscale level) that the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) can implement. For example, depending on the size of the pixel data, the grayscale implemented by each of the pixels may change.

[0027] For example, the second set may include the gate driver circuit. For example, the gate driver circuit may be used to provide the LCoS panel (115) with a gate voltage applied to the gate electrode of each pixel. The gate voltage may include a voltage for driving (e.g., on / off) a transistor included in the pixel. For example, the gate voltage may be referenced as a scan signal.

[0028] For example, the second set may include a light-emitting driver circuit. For example, the light-emitting driver circuit may be used to provide a light-emitting driver IC (117). For example, the light-emitting signal may be provided to the light-emitting driver IC (117) (or a light-emitting circuit within the light-emitting driver IC (117)) to control the light-emitting driver IC (117) to emit light with respect to pixels to be used for displaying an image according to the pixel data and the scan signal. For example, the light-emitting signal may indicate a voltage, timing, and a light-emitting area for emitting light in synchronization for displaying the image. For example, the light-emitting area may include an area of ​​a pixel array (116) where light emitted by light-emitting circuits (121, 122, 123) within the light source (120) is provided. For example, the light emission signal can be used to synchronize between the display driver IC (113) and the light emission driver IC (117).

[0029] For example, an LCoS panel (115) may include a pixel array (116). For example, the pixel array (116) may include a plurality of pixels. For example, the pixels may be composed of a plurality of lines (or pixel lines). For example, the plurality of lines may be defined according to the arrangement state of the pixels. As a non-limiting example, if the plurality of lines include a first line and a second line following the first line, the first line may include a first set of pixels and the second line may include a second set of pixels. For example, a scan signal may be provided sequentially to the plurality of lines constituting the pixels. After the scan signal is provided to the first set of pixels of the first line, the scan signal may be provided to the second set of pixels of the second line. The structure of each of the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) (or pixel array (116)) is illustrated and described below with reference to FIG. 2a.

[0030] For example, the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) can receive (or acquire) light transmitted (or provided) from the light source (120) through the polarization structure (125). For example, the pixels can reflect the light transmitted from the light source (120). The light reflected by the pixels passes through the polarization structure (125) again, and the passed light can be provided (or displayed) outside the electronic device (101) through the projection structure (127). For example, the LCoS panel (115) may be an example of an LCD panel (or LCD). An LCoS panel (115) that displays an image using reflected light may be referred to as a reflective LCoS.

[0031] For example, the light-emitting driver IC (117) can control the light source (120) to emit light for displaying the image. For example, the light-emitting driver IC (117) can be electrically connected to light-emitting circuits (121, 122, 123) included in the light source (120). For example, the light-emitting driver IC (117) can adjust the timing, area, and intensity of the light emitted through the light-emitting circuits (121, 122, 123). In FIG. 1a, the light-emitting driver IC (117) is shown as being controlled by the display driver IC (113), but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the light-emitting driver IC (117) may be controlled by at least one processor (111) instead of the display driver IC (113).

[0032] For example, the light source (120) can provide light to the LCoS panel (115) as it is controlled by the light-emitting driver IC (117). For example, the light source (120) may include a first light-emitting circuit (121) configured to emit light of a first color (121a). For example, the first color may include an R (red) color. For example, the light source (120) may include a second light-emitting circuit (122) configured to emit light of a second color (122a). For example, the second color may include a G (green) color. For example, the light source (120) may include a third light-emitting circuit (123) configured to emit light of a third color (123a). For example, the third color may include a B (blue) color. In the example of FIG. 1a, the light source (120) is shown to include three light-emitting circuits, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the light source (120) may further include an additional light-emitting circuit for a fourth color. For example, the fourth color may include a W (white) color.

[0033] For example, a polarization structure (125) may be used to provide light provided from a light source (120) to an LCoS panel (115) (or pixel array (116)) and to provide light reflected from the LCoS panel (115) to a projection structure (127). For example, the polarization structure (125) may be referred to as a polarizing beam splitter (PBS).

[0034] For example, the projection structure (127) may be used to provide (or display) light passing through the polarization structure (125) to the outside of the electronic device (101). For example, the projection structure (127) may be referred to as projection.

[0035] In FIG. 1a, a case is illustrated where the display driver IC (113) and the light-emitting driver IC (117) are implemented as separate components, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the display driver IC (113) and the light-emitting driver IC (117) may be implemented as a single control circuitry. For example, the single control circuitry may be included within an LCoS panel (115).

[0036] The components included in the electronic device (101) of FIG. 1a are merely exemplary and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the electronic device (101) may not include at least some of the components and may include additional components other than those components.

[0037] For example, in FIG. 1a, an electronic device (101) including a polarization structure (125) and a projection structure (127) is illustrated, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. As a non-limiting example, the electronic device (101) may not include a polarization structure (125) and a projection structure (127).

[0038] For example, the electronic device (101) may include one or more storage media and may include a memory that stores instructions. The memory may include at least a portion of the memory (1130) of FIG. 11 or correspond to at least a portion of the memory (1130) of FIG. 11. The instructions may cause the electronic device (101) to generate or acquire an image to be displayed through a display when executed individually or collectively by at least one processor (111). For example, the display may include a display driver IC (113), an LCoS panel (115), and a light-emitting driver IC (117). The instructions may provide data for the image to the display (or the display driver IC (display driving integrated circuit, DDI) (1230) of FIG. 12, or the display driving circuit (1230)) to display the image through the display when executed individually or collectively by at least one processor (111).

[0040] FIG. 1b illustrates a method of displaying an image using an LCoS panel.

[0041] FIG. 1b illustrates an example of a method for displaying an image (135) using the LCoS panel (115) of FIG. 1a. For example, the image (135) may be provided to a display driver IC (113) from at least one processor (111).

[0042] For example, in the example of the electronic device (101) of FIG. 1a, if the light source (120) includes light-emitting circuits (121, 122, 123) that emit light of a plurality of colors, the image (135) can be displayed by displaying partial images (131, 132, 133). For example, the first partial image (131) may be an image expressed based on the first color of the image (135). For example, the second partial image (132) may be an image expressed based on the second color of the image (135). For example, the third partial image (133) may be an image expressed based on the third color of the image (135).

[0043] For example, the display driver IC (113) can identify pixel data (or, data voltage) for displaying an image (135). For example, the display driver IC (113) can identify first pixel data (or, first data voltage) of a first color for the image (135) (or, first partial image (131)). For example, the display driver IC (113) can identify second pixel data (or, second data voltage) of a second color for the image (135) (or, second partial image (132)). For example, the display driver IC (113) can identify third pixel data (or, third data voltage) of a third color for the image (135) (or, third partial image (131)).

[0044] Referring to the example (130) of FIG. 1b, a display driver IC (113) may apply pixel data to pixels of an LCoS panel (115) to display an image (135) and emit light with respect to the pixels to which pixel data is applied. Hereinafter, in the present disclosure, scanning may include applying pixel data to the pixel electrodes of each pixel by providing a scan signal to the gate electrode of each transistor of each pixel of the LCoS panel (115). Also, in the present disclosure, emission may include controlling a light-emitting circuit to emit light of a specific color with respect to at least some of the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) using a light-emitting driver IC (117). The at least some may include pixels to which pixel data is applied.

[0045] Example (130) illustrates a timing diagram in which an R scan (140), an R emission (145), a G scan (150), a G emission (155), a B scan (160), and a B emission (165) are performed. For example, the R scan (140) may represent the scan for applying pixel data for a first color to a pixel electrode. For example, the R emission (145) may include the emission for emitting light of the first color with respect to a pixel containing a pixel electrode to which pixel data for the first color is applied. For example, the G scan (150) may represent the scan for applying pixel data for a second color to a pixel electrode. For example, the G emission (155) may include the emission for emitting light of the second color with respect to a pixel containing a pixel electrode to which pixel data for the second color is applied. For example, B scan (160) may represent the scan for applying pixel data for a third color to a pixel electrode. For example, B emission (165) may include the emission for emitting light of the third color with respect to a pixel including a pixel electrode to which pixel data for the third color is applied.

[0046] Referring to the R scan (140) of example (130), the display driver IC (113) can apply first pixel data for the first color to the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) within a first time interval (141). For example, the first time interval (141) may represent the time between a start time (141a) and an end time (141b). Referring to the R emission (145) of example (130), the display driver IC (113) can control the first light emission circuit (121) using the light emission driver IC (117) to emit light of the first color to the pixels to which the first pixel data was applied within a second time interval (146). For example, the second time interval (146) may represent the time between a start time (146a) and an end time (146b). For example, the start time (146a) of the second time interval (146) may be a time after the reference time (144) from the end time (141b) of the first time interval (141). For example, the reference time (144) may be related to the response speed of the liquid crystal of the LCoS panel (115). For example, the reference time (144) may be referenced as a waiting time for changing the state of the liquid crystal according to the voltage applied according to the scan (or data voltage, pixel data). For example, the display driver IC (113) may display the first partial image (131) by performing an R scan (140) within the first time interval (141) and an R emission (145) within the second time interval (146).

[0047] Referring to the G scan (150) of example (130), the display driver IC (113) may apply second pixel data for the second color to the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) within a third time interval (151). For example, the third time interval (151) may represent the time between a start time (151a) and an end time (151b). For example, the start time (151a) of the third time interval (151) may be a time corresponding to (or identical to) the start time (146a) of the second time interval (146). However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the start time (151a) of the third time interval (151) may be a time within the second time interval (146) or after the end time (146b) of the second time interval (146). Referring to the G light emission (155) of example (130), the display driver IC (113) can control the second light emission circuit (122) using the light emission driver IC (117) so that the second color light is emitted for the pixels to which the second pixel data is applied within the fourth time interval (156). For example, the fourth time interval (156) may represent the time between the start time (156a) and the end time (156b). For example, the start time (156a) of the fourth time interval (156) may be the time after the reference time (154) from the end time (151b) of the third time interval (151). For example, the reference time (154) may correspond to the reference time (144). For example, the display driver IC (113) can display a second partial image (132) by performing a G scan (150) within a third time interval (151) and a G emission (155) within a fourth time interval (156).

[0048] Referring to the B scan (160) of Example (130), the display driver IC (113) may apply third pixel data for the third color to the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) within a fifth time interval (161). For example, the fifth time interval (161) may represent the time between a start time (161a) and an end time (161b). For example, the start time (161a) of the fifth time interval (161) may be a time corresponding to (or identical to) the start time (156a) of the fourth time interval (156). However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the start time (161a) of the fifth time interval (161) may be a time within the fourth time interval (156) or after the end time (156b) of the fourth time interval (156). Referring to the B light emission (165) of example (130), the display driver IC (113) can control the third light emission circuit (123) using the light emission driver IC (117) so that the third color light is emitted for the pixels to which the third pixel data is applied within the sixth time interval (166). For example, the sixth time interval (166) may represent the time between the start time (166a) and the end time (166b). For example, the start time (166a) of the sixth time interval (166) may be the time after the reference time (164) from the end time (161b) of the fifth time interval (161). For example, the reference time (164) may correspond to the reference time (144). For example, the display driver IC (113) can display a third partial image (133) by performing a B scan (160) within a fifth time interval (161) and a B emission (165) within a sixth time interval (166).

[0049] In FIG. 1b, the time for displaying the image (135) may be referred to as a frame. For example, the frame may be referred to as the time from the start time (141a) of the first time interval (141) to the end time (146b) of the sixth time interval (166). In FIG. 1b, to display the image (135), one R scan (140), one R emission (145), one G scan (150), one G emission (155), one B scan (160), and one B emission (165) may be performed. In the above example, if the display of the image (135) is repeated 60 times per second, the driving frequency (or refresh rate) of the display may be 60 Hz (Hertz). However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, to display an image (135), after one R scan (140), one R emission (145), one G scan (150), one G emission (155), one B scan (160), and one B emission (165) are performed, additionally one R scan (140), one R emission (145), one G scan (150), one G emission (155), one B scan (160), and one B emission (165) may be repeated. In the above example, since the display of the image (135) is repeated 120 times per second, the driving frequency (or refresh rate) of the display may be 120 Hz.

[0051] FIG. 2a illustrates an exemplary pixel of an LCoS panel.

[0052] FIG. 2a illustrates an example of a pixel (200) among the pixels included in an LCoS panel (115) (or pixel array (116)). In FIG. 2a, components included in a single pixel are illustrated, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the details regarding the pixel (200) illustrated in FIG. 2a may be substantially applicable to pixels included in an LCoS panel (115) (or pixel array (116)).

[0053] Referring to FIG. 2a, the pixel (200) may include a first storage capacitor (Cstg1) (201), a second storage capacitor (Cstg2) (202), a liquid crystal element (205), a first transistor (T1) (210), and a second transistor (T2) (220).

[0054] For example, the first storage capacitor (201) may be a device used to store a data voltage (Vdata). In FIG. 2a, a pixel (200) including the first storage capacitor (201) implemented as a capacitor is shown, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the pixel (200) may include another device (e.g., an inductor) configured to store the data voltage (Vdata). For example, the first storage capacitor (201) may include two electrodes (or nodes). For example, one electrode of the first storage capacitor (201) may be connected to ground. In the present disclosure, the connection between the device and the other device may include an electrical connection. For example, the other electrode of the first storage capacitor (201) may be connected to the first transistor (210) and the second transistor (220), respectively. For example, the other electrode of the first storage capacitor (201) may be connected to the second electrode (212) of the first transistor (210). For example, the other electrode of the first storage capacitor (201) may be connected to the third electrode (221) of the second transistor (210).

[0055] For example, the second storage capacitor (202) may be a device used to store a data voltage (Vdata). For example, the second storage capacitor (202) may be configured to store the transmitted data voltage (Vdata) when the data voltage (Vdata) stored in the first storage capacitor (201) is transmitted to the liquid crystal element (205) according to the driving of the second transistor (220). Since the voltage that can be stored by the liquid crystal element (205) having a relatively low capacitance (e.g., data voltage (Vdata)) is small, the second storage capacitor (202) may be used to maintain the data voltage (Vdata) applied to the liquid crystal element (205). In FIG. 2a, a pixel (200) including a second storage capacitor (202) implemented as a capacitor is shown, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the pixel (200) may include another device (e.g., an inductor) configured to store the data voltage (Vdata). For example, the second storage capacitor (202) may include two electrodes (or nodes). For example, one electrode of the second storage capacitor (202) may be connected to one electrode of the liquid crystal element (205). For example, a common voltage (Vcom) may be applied to the one electrode of the second storage capacitor (202). For example, the other electrode of the second storage capacitor (202) may be connected to the liquid crystal element (205) and the second transistor (220), respectively. For example, the other electrode of the second storage capacitor (202) may be connected to the other electrode of the liquid crystal element (205). In other words, the second storage capacitor (202) may be connected in parallel with the liquid crystal element (205). For example, the other electrode of the second storage capacitor (202) may be connected to the fourth electrode (222) of the second transistor (220).

[0056] For example, the common voltage (Vcom) may be a voltage used to drive the liquid crystal element (205) (or pixel (200)). For example, the amount of light passing through the liquid crystal element (205) (or pixel (200)) may be adjusted according to the difference between the common voltage (Vcom) applied to the liquid crystal element (205) (or pixel (200)) and another voltage (e.g., data voltage). For example, the amount of light passing through the liquid crystal element (205) (or pixel (200)) may be adjusted because the arrangement of the liquid crystal (or liquid crystal molecules) of the liquid crystal element (205) is changed according to the difference between the common voltage (Vcom) and the other voltage. Adjusting the amount of light may include adjusting the color properties of the image. The color properties of the image may include brightness or saturation.

[0057] For example, the liquid crystal element (205) may be a device used to drive a liquid crystal. By example, without limitation, the liquid crystal element (205) may be referred to as a pixel electrode of a pixel (200). In the present disclosure, driving the liquid crystal may include changing (or deflecting, or rotating) the arrangement of the liquid crystal (or liquid crystal molecules). For example, the liquid crystal element (205) may include the liquid crystal. For example, the liquid crystal may be driven by a voltage applied to the liquid crystal element (205). For example, the liquid crystal element (205) may be composed of a capacitor. When the liquid crystal element (205) is composed of a capacitor, the liquid crystal element (205) may be referred to as a liquid crystal capacitor (CLC). For example, the liquid crystal element (205) may include two electrodes (or nodes). For example, the first electrode of the liquid crystal element (205) may be connected to the first electrode of the second storage capacitor (202). For example, a common voltage (Vcom) may be applied to the first electrode of the liquid crystal element (205). For example, the other electrode of the liquid crystal element (205) may be connected to the second storage capacitor (202) and the second transistor (220), respectively. For example, the other electrode of the liquid crystal element (205) may be connected to the other electrode of the second storage capacitor (202). For example, the other electrode of the liquid crystal element (205) may be connected to the fourth electrode (222) of the second transistor (220).

[0058] For example, the first transistor (210) may be used to obtain a data voltage (Vdata) through a data line (240) and to store the obtained data voltage (Vdata) in a first storage capacitor (201). For example, the first transistor (210) may include a first electrode (211), a second electrode (212), and a first gate electrode (213). For example, the first electrode (211) may be a drain electrode or a source electrode depending on the value of the applied data (or voltage), and the second electrode (212) may be a source electrode or a drain electrode depending on the value of the applied data (or voltage). For example, the first electrode (211) of the first transistor (210) may be connected to the data line (240). For example, the second electrode (212) of the first transistor (210) may be connected to the first storage capacitor (201) (or the other electrode of the first storage capacitor (201)). For example, the second electrode (212) of the first transistor (210) may be connected to the third electrode (221) of the second transistor (220). For example, the first gate electrode (213) of the first transistor (210) may be connected to the first scan line (291). For example, the first scan line (291) may be used to provide a first signal for driving the first transistor (210). For example, the first signal may be referred to as a scan signal.

[0059] For example, the second transistor (220) may be used to apply a data voltage (Vdata) stored in the first storage capacitor (201) to the liquid crystal element (205) and to store it in the second storage capacitor (202). For example, the second transistor (220) may include a third electrode (221), a fourth electrode (222), and a second gate electrode (223). For example, the third electrode (221) may be a drain electrode or a source electrode depending on the value of the applied data (or voltage), and the fourth electrode (222) may be a source electrode or a drain electrode depending on the value of the applied data (or voltage). For example, the third electrode (221) of the second transistor (220) may be connected to the first storage capacitor (201) (or the other electrode of the first storage capacitor (201)). For example, the third electrode (221) of the second transistor (220) may be connected to the second electrode (212) of the first transistor (210). For example, the fourth electrode (222) of the second transistor (220) may be connected to the other electrode of the liquid crystal element (205). For example, the fourth electrode (222) of the second transistor (220) may be connected to the second storage capacitor (202) (or the other electrode of the second storage capacitor (202)). For example, the second gate electrode (223) of the second transistor (220) may be connected to the second scan line (292). For example, the second scan line (292) may be used to provide a second signal for driving the second transistor (220).

[0060] For example, the second signal may be referred to as a scan signal. By example, without limitation, the second signal may be provided substantially equally to each of all pixels of the LCoS panel (115). Alternatively, the first signal may be provided sequentially to all pixels of the LCoS panel (115). For example, the first signal may be provided to a first set of pixels of a first line among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115), and then provided to a second set of pixels of a second line following the first line. Referring to the foregoing, the second signal may be a global scan signal provided substantially equally (or substantially simultaneously) to the pixels of the LCoS panel (115).

[0061] In FIG. 2a, a pixel (200) including two transistors is shown, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the pixel (200) may include one transistor. For example, the pixel (200) may include the first transistor (210) among the first transistor (210) and the second transistor (220). A pixel (200) including one transistor (e.g., the first transistor (210)) may include a liquid crystal element (205) connected to the first transistor (210) and a second storage capacitor (202) without the first storage capacitor (201) and the second transistor (220).

[0062] The driving of a pixel (200) including the components exemplified in FIG. 2a is described with reference to FIG. 2b.

[0064] FIG. 2b illustrates the driving of pixels for displaying an image.

[0065] FIG. 2b illustrates a timing diagram (250) of driving a pixel (200) by providing scan signals to the pixel (200) of FIG. 2a and applying a data voltage (Vdata).

[0066] In the timing diagram (250), the first signal (251) may represent the state of the first signal provided through the first scan line (291) of FIG. 2A. In the timing diagram (250), the data voltage (252) may represent the state of the data voltage (Vdata) applied through the data line (240). In the timing diagram (250), the light emission signal (253) may represent the state of the signal provided to the light source (120) from the light emission driver IC (117) (or display driver IC (113)) to control the light source (120) (or light emission circuit) to emit light. In the timing diagram (250), the second signal (254) may represent the state of the second signal provided through the second scan line (292) of FIG. 2A. In the timing diagram (250), the common voltage (255) may represent the state of the common voltage (Vcom) applied to the liquid crystal element (205) (or pixel (200)) of FIG. 2a.

[0067] Referring to the timing diagram (250), frames (259-1) and (259-2), which are times for displaying an image, are shown. For example, within frame (259-1) (or frame (259-2)), a display of a first color (e.g., R color), a display of a second color (e.g., G color), and a display of a third color (e.g., B color) of the image to be displayed may be performed. In FIG. 2b, for convenience of explanation, one display of the first color (e.g., R color), one display of the second color (e.g., G color), and one display of the third color (e.g., B color) are shown as being performed within one frame, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the number of displays performed within one frame may change depending on the driving frequency (or refresh rate) of the display. For example, the length of frame (259-1) can correspond to the length of frame (259-2).

[0068] For example, frame (259-1) may include a first time interval (261), a second time interval (262), a third time interval (263), a fourth time interval (264), a fifth time interval (265), and a seventh time interval (267). For example, frame (259-2) may include a sixth time interval (266). In FIG. 2B, a portion of frame (259-2) is shown for convenience of explanation, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, frame (259-2) may further include time intervals consecutive to the sixth time interval (266), as in frame (259-1).

[0069] For example, the length of the first time interval (261) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the second time interval (262). For example, the length of the first time interval (261) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the fourth time interval (264). For example, the length of the first time interval (261) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the sixth time interval (266). For example, the length of the second time interval (262) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the fourth time interval (264). For example, the length of the second time interval (262) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the sixth time interval (266). For example, the length of the fourth time interval (264) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the sixth time interval (266).

[0070] For example, the third time interval (263) may be a time interval between the first time interval (261) and the second time interval (262). For example, the fifth time interval (265) may be a time interval between the second time interval (262) and the fourth time interval (264). For example, the seventh time interval (267) may be a time interval between the fourth time interval (264) and the sixth time interval (266). For example, the length of the third time interval (263) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the fifth time interval (265). For example, the length of the third time interval (263) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the seventh time interval (267). For example, the length of the fifth time interval (265) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the seventh time interval (267). As an example not limited to, the length of the third time interval (263) (or the fifth time interval (265), the seventh time interval (267)) may be shorter than the length of the first time interval (261) (or the second time interval (262), the fourth time interval (264), the sixth time interval (266)).

[0071] In relation to the first time interval (261) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may provide a first signal (251) to the pixel (200) via the first scan line (291) within the first time interval (261). In the timing diagram (250), a state of the first signal (251) that is different from a first state (e.g., low state) and a second state (e.g., high state) (or a third state between the first state and the second state)) may indicate providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (200). For example, as the first signal (251) is provided within the first time interval (261), the state of the first transistor (210) of the pixel (200) may change from a non-driving state (e.g., off) to a driving state (e.g., on).

[0072] In relation to the first time interval (261) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may apply a data voltage (252) for a first color of an image (e.g., R color) to a pixel (200) through the data line (240) while the first transistor (210) is driven within the first time interval (261). In the timing diagram (250), a second state (e.g., high state) of the data voltage (252) may indicate applying the data voltage (252) to the pixel (200). For example, the data voltage (252) applied through the data line (240) may be provided to the first storage capacitor (201) through the first transistor (210). Within the first time interval (261), the data voltage (252) for the first color of the image may be stored in the first storage capacitor (201).

[0073] In relation to the first time interval (261) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from providing the second signal (254) to the pixel (200) within the first time interval (261). In the timing diagram (250), the state of the second signal (254) being in a first state (e.g., a low state) may indicate refraining from providing the second signal (254) to the pixel (200). Although not shown in FIG. 2b, the display driver IC (113) may provide the second signal (254) to the pixel (200) prior to the first time interval (261). In the timing diagram (250), the state of the second signal (254) being in a second state (e.g., a high state) may indicate providing the second signal (254) to the pixel (200). For example, as the second signal (254) is provided to the pixel (200), the state of the second transistor (220) of the pixel (200) may be in a driven state (e.g., on). While the second transistor (220) is driven, a data voltage for a third color (e.g., color B) for another image prior to the image may be applied to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (200) before the first time interval (261). For example, as the provision of the second signal (254) to the pixel (200) is stopped within the first time interval (261), the state of the second transistor (220) of the pixel (200) may change from a driven state (e.g., on) to a non-driven state (e.g., off).

[0074] In relation to the first time interval (261) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (255) to the pixel (200). For example, the display driver IC (113) may apply the common voltage (255) to the liquid crystal element (205) within the first time interval (261). The common voltage (255) may be used to change (or adjust) the state of the liquid crystal element (205) to express the third color, together with the data voltage for the third color for the other image. For example, the voltage level of the common voltage (255) applied to the liquid crystal element (205) within the first time interval (261) may be a first voltage level. For example, the first voltage level of the common voltage (255) may be a voltage level that is higher by a first magnitude (281) from the reference level (280).

[0075] In relation to the first time interval (261) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) (or light-emitting driver IC (117)) may provide a light-emitting signal (253) to the light source (120) (or the third light-emitting circuit (123) of the light source (120)) within the first time interval (261) so that the light source (120) emits light of a third color. In the timing diagram (250), the state of the light-emitting signal (253) being in a second state (e.g., a high state) may indicate providing the light-emitting signal (253) to the light source (120) and / or emitting light emitted from the light source (120) to the pixel (200). For example, light of a third color emitted from a light source (120) may be provided (or emitted) to a pixel (200) (or liquid crystal element (205)) to which a data voltage for the third color is applied.

[0076] In the first time interval (261), the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan (or R scan) to apply a data voltage (252) for the first color of the image to the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (200). Additionally, in the first time interval (261), the display driver IC (113) may perform light emission (or B light emission) to provide light to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (200) to which a data voltage for the third color of the other image is applied. In the above example, in the first time interval (261), the electronic device (101) may display a partial image representing the third color for the other image through the LCoS panel (115).

[0077] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from (or bypass, interrupt, stop) providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (200) through the first scan line (291) within the third time interval (263). In the timing diagram (250), the state of the first signal (251), which is a first state (e.g., low state), may indicate refraining from providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (200). For example, as the provision of the first signal (251) to the pixel (200) is interrupted within the third time interval (263), the state of the first transistor (210) of the pixel (200) may change from a driving state (e.g., on) to a non-driving state (e.g., off).

[0078] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may provide a second signal (254) to the pixel (200) within the first time interval (271) of the third time interval (263). In the timing diagram (250), the state of the second signal (254), which is a second state (e.g., a high state), may indicate providing the second signal (254) to the pixel (200). For example, as the second signal (254) is provided to the pixel (200), a data voltage (252) for a first color (e.g., R color) for the image may be applied from the first storage capacitor (201) to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (200) through the second transistor (220). In other words, the data voltage (252) for the first color for the image stored in the first storage capacitor (201) within the first time interval (261) can be provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (200) through the second transistor (220) within the third time interval (263) (or the first time interval (271)).

[0079] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (255) to the liquid crystal element (205) within the third time interval (263). The common voltage (255) may be used to change (or adjust) the state of the liquid crystal element (205) to express the first color, together with the data voltage (252) for the first color for the image. For example, the voltage level of the common voltage (255) applied to the liquid crystal element (205) within the third time interval (263) may be the first voltage level.

[0080] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) (or light-emitting driver IC (117)) may refrain from providing the light-emitting signal (253) to the light source (120) within the third time interval (263). In the timing diagram (250), the state of the light-emitting signal (253), which is a first state (e.g., a low state), may indicate refraining from providing the light-emitting signal (253) to the light source (120) and / or refraining from emitting light emitted from the light source (120) to the pixel (200).

[0081] In the third time interval (263), the display driver IC (113) may apply a data voltage (252) for the first color of the image stored in the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (200) to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)). Additionally, in the third time interval (263), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from performing light emission.

[0082] In relation to the second time interval (262) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may provide a first signal (251) to the pixel (200) via the first scan line (291) within the second time interval (262). For example, as the first signal (251) is provided within the second time interval (262), the state of the first transistor (210) of the pixel (200) may change from a non-driving state (e.g., off) to a driving state (e.g., on).

[0083] In relation to the second time interval (262) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may apply a data voltage (252) for a second color of an image (e.g., G color) to the pixel (200) through the data line (240) while the first transistor (210) is driven within the second time interval (262). For example, the data voltage (252) applied through the data line (240) may be provided to the first storage capacitor (201) through the first transistor (210). Within the second time interval (262), the data voltage (252) for the second color of the image may be stored in the first storage capacitor (201).

[0084] In relation to the second time interval (262) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from providing the second signal (254) to the pixel (200) within the second time interval (262). For example, as the provision of the second signal (254) to the pixel (200) is stopped within the second time interval (262) (or after the end time of the first time interval (271) of the third time interval (263), the state of the second transistor (220) of the pixel (200) may change from a driving state (e.g., on) to a non-driving state (e.g., off). The data voltage (252) for the first color for the image may be applied to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (200).

[0085] In relation to the second time interval (262) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (255) to the pixel (200) when applying a data voltage (252) for the first color for the image to the liquid crystal element (205). For example, the display driver IC (113) may apply the common voltage (255) to the liquid crystal element (205) within the second time interval (262). The common voltage (255) may be used to change (or adjust) the state of the liquid crystal element (205) to express the first color together with the data voltage (252) for the first color for the image. For example, the voltage level of the common voltage (255) applied to the liquid crystal element (205) within the second time interval (262) may be the first voltage level.

[0086] In relation to the second time interval (262) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) (or light-emitting driver IC (117)) may provide a light-emitting signal (253) to the light source (120) (or the first light-emitting circuit (121) of the light source (120)) within the second time interval (262) so that the light source (120) emits light of a first color. For example, the light of a first color emitted from the light source (120) may be provided (or emitted) to a pixel (200) (or liquid crystal element (205)) to which a data voltage (252) for the first color is applied.

[0087] In the second time interval (262), the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan (or G scan) to apply a data voltage (252) for the second color of the image to the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (200). Additionally, in the second time interval (262), the display driver IC (113) may perform light emission (or R emission) to provide light to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (200) to which the data voltage (252) for the first color of the image is applied. In the above example, in the second time interval (262), the electronic device (101) may display a partial image representing the first color for the image through the LCoS panel (115).

[0088] In relation to the fifth time interval (265) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from (or bypass, interrupt, stop) providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (200) through the first scan line (291) within the fifth time interval (265). For example, as the provision of the first signal (251) to the pixel (200) is interrupted within the fifth time interval (265), the state of the first transistor (210) of the pixel (200) may change from a driving state (e.g., on) to a non-driving state (e.g., off).

[0089] In relation to the fifth time interval (265) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may provide a second signal (254) to the pixel (200) within the second time interval (272) of the fifth time interval (265). For example, as the second signal (254) is provided to the pixel (200), a data voltage (252) for a second color (e.g., G color) for the image may be applied from the first storage capacitor (201) to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (200) through the second transistor (220). In other words, the data voltage (252) for the second color for the image stored in the first storage capacitor (201) within the second time interval (262) can be provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (200) through the second transistor (220) within the fifth time interval (265) (or, the second time interval (272)).

[0090] In relation to the fifth time interval (265) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (255) to the liquid crystal element (205) within the fifth time interval (265). The common voltage (255) may be used to change (or adjust) the state of the liquid crystal element (205) to express the second color, together with the data voltage (252) for the second color for the image. For example, the voltage level of the common voltage (255) applied to the liquid crystal element (205) within the fifth time interval (265) may be the first voltage level.

[0091] In relation to the fifth time interval (265) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) (or light-emitting driver IC (117)) may refrain from providing a light-emitting signal (253) to the light source (120) within the fifth time interval (265).

[0092] In the fifth time interval (265), the display driver IC (113) may apply a data voltage (252) for the second color of the image stored in the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (200) to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)). Additionally, in the fifth time interval (265), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from performing light emission.

[0093] In relation to the fourth time interval (264) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may provide a first signal (251) to the pixel (200) via the first scan line (291) within the fourth time interval (264). For example, as the first signal (251) is provided within the fourth time interval (264), the state of the first transistor (210) of the pixel (200) may change from a non-driving state (e.g., off) to a driving state (e.g., on).

[0094] In relation to the fourth time interval (264) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may apply a data voltage (252) for a third color (e.g., color B) of the image to the pixel (200) through the data line (240) while the first transistor (210) is driven within the fourth time interval (264). For example, the data voltage (252) applied through the data line (240) may be provided to the first storage capacitor (201) through the first transistor (210). Within the fourth time interval (264), the data voltage (252) for the second color of the image may be stored in the first storage capacitor (201).

[0095] In relation to the fourth time interval (264) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from providing the second signal (254) to the pixel (200) within the fourth time interval (264). For example, as the provision of the second signal (254) to the pixel (200) is stopped within the fourth time interval (264) (or after the end time of the second time interval (272) of the fifth time interval (265), the state of the second transistor (220) of the pixel (200) may change from a driving state (e.g., on) to a non-driving state (e.g., off). The data voltage (252) for the second color for the image may be applied to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (200).

[0096] In relation to the fourth time interval (264) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (255) to the pixel (200) when applying a data voltage (252) for the second color for the image to the liquid crystal element (205). For example, the display driver IC (113) may apply the common voltage (255) to the liquid crystal element (205) within the fourth time interval (264). The common voltage (255) may be used to change (or adjust) the state of the liquid crystal element (205) to express the second color together with the data voltage (252) for the second color for the image. For example, the voltage level of the common voltage (255) applied to the liquid crystal element (205) within the fourth time interval (264) may be the first voltage level.

[0097] In relation to the fourth time interval (264) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) (or light-emitting driver IC (117)) may provide a light-emitting signal (253) to the light source (120) (or the second light-emitting circuit (122) of the light source (120)) within the fourth time interval (264) so ​​that the light source (120) emits light of a second color. For example, the light of a second color emitted from the light source (120) may be provided (or emitted) to a pixel (200) (or liquid crystal element (205)) to which a data voltage (252) for the second color is applied.

[0098] In the fourth time interval (264), the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan (or B scan) to apply a data voltage (252) for the third color of the image to the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (200). Additionally, in the fourth time interval (264), the display driver IC (113) may perform light emission (or G emission) to provide light to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (200) to which the data voltage (252) for the second color of the image is applied. In the above example, in the fourth time interval (264), the electronic device (101) may display a partial image representing the second color for the image through the LCoS panel (115).

[0099] In relation to the seventh time interval (267) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from (or bypass, interrupt, stop) providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (200) through the first scan line (291) within the seventh time interval (267). For example, as the provision of the first signal (251) to the pixel (200) is interrupted within the seventh time interval (267), the state of the first transistor (210) of the pixel (200) may change from a driving state (e.g., on) to a non-driving state (e.g., off).

[0100] In relation to the seventh time interval (267) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may provide a second signal (254) to the pixel (200) within the third time interval (273) of the seventh time interval (267). For example, as the second signal (254) is provided to the pixel (200), a data voltage (252) for a third color (e.g., color B) for the image may be applied from the first storage capacitor (201) to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (200) through the second transistor (220). In other words, the data voltage (252) for the third color for the image stored in the first storage capacitor (201) within the fourth time interval (264) can be provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (200) through the second transistor (220) within the seventh time interval (267) (or the third time interval (273)).

[0101] In relation to the seventh time interval (267) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (255) to the liquid crystal element (205) within the seventh time interval (267). The common voltage (255) may be used to change (or adjust) the state of the liquid crystal element (205) to express the third color, together with the data voltage (252) for the third color for the image. For example, the voltage level of the common voltage (255) applied to the liquid crystal element (205) within the seventh time interval (267) may be the first voltage level.

[0102] In relation to the seventh time interval (267) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) (or light-emitting driver IC (117)) may refrain from providing a light-emitting signal (253) to the light source (120) within the seventh time interval (267).

[0103] In the seventh time interval (267), the display driver IC (113) may apply a data voltage (252) for the third color of the image stored in the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (200) to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)). Additionally, in the seventh time interval (267), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from performing light emission.

[0104] In relation to the sixth time interval (266) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may provide a first signal (251) to the pixel (200) via the first scan line (291) within the sixth time interval (266). For example, as the first signal (251) is provided within the sixth time interval (266), the state of the first transistor (210) of the pixel (200) may change from a non-driving state (e.g., off) to a driving state (e.g., on).

[0105] In relation to the sixth time interval (266) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may apply a data voltage (252) for a first color (e.g., R color) of another image following the image to the pixel (200) via the data line (240) while the first transistor (210) is driven within the sixth time interval (266). For example, the data voltage (252) applied via the data line (240) may be provided to the first storage capacitor (201) via the first transistor (210). Within the sixth time interval (266), the data voltage (252) for the first color of the other image may be stored in the first storage capacitor (201).

[0106] In relation to the sixth time interval (266) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from providing the second signal (254) to the pixel (200) within the sixth time interval (266). For example, as the provision of the second signal (254) to the pixel (200) is stopped within the sixth time interval (266) (or after the end time of the third time interval (273) of the seventh time interval (267), the state of the second transistor (220) of the pixel (200) may change from a driving state (e.g., on) to a non-driving state (e.g., off). The data voltage (252) for the third color for the image may be applied to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (200).

[0107] In relation to the sixth time interval (266) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (255) to the pixel (200) when applying a data voltage (252) for the third color for the image to the liquid crystal element (205). For example, the display driver IC (113) may apply the common voltage (255) to the liquid crystal element (205) within the sixth time interval (266). The common voltage (255) may be used to change (or adjust) the state of the liquid crystal element (205) to express the third color together with the data voltage (252) for the third color for the image. For example, the voltage level of the common voltage (255) applied to the liquid crystal element (205) within the sixth time interval (264) may be a second voltage level.

[0108] For example, the second voltage level, which is the voltage level of the common voltage (255) applied within the frame (259-2), may be different from the first voltage level, which is the voltage level of the common voltage (255) applied within the frame (259-1). For example, the second voltage level of the common voltage (255) may be a voltage level lower than the reference level (280) by a second magnitude (282). As a non-limiting example, the reference level (280) may be determined based on the kick-back voltage of the transistor (e.g., the first transistor (210)) of the pixel (200). In one example, the reference level (280) may have a voltage level (e.g., -0.5V or +0.5V) adjusted from 0V by the magnitude of the kick-back voltage (e.g., about 0.5V). For example, since the first size (281) and the second size (282) are larger than the size of the kickback voltage, the first voltage level and the second voltage level of the common voltage (255) may have different polarities. For example, the polarity of the first voltage level may be a first polarity (e.g., plus). For example, the polarity of the second voltage level may be a second polarity (e.g., minus).

[0109] Referring to the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (255) of the first voltage level to the pixel (200) (or liquid crystal element (205)) within a frame (259-1), and apply a common voltage (255) of the second voltage level having a polarity inverted (or changed) from the first voltage level to the pixel (200) (or liquid crystal element (205)) within a second frame (259-2) following the frame (259-1). Accordingly, the arrangement of the liquid crystal element (205) (or molecules of the liquid crystal element (205)) may be changed (or biased, rotated) on a frame-by-frame basis. A specific example of the arrangement of the liquid crystal element (205) according to the common voltage (255) is described below with reference to FIG. 3c.

[0110] In relation to the sixth time interval (266) of the timing diagram (250), the display driver IC (113) (or light-emitting driver IC (117)) may provide a light-emitting signal (253) to the light source (120) (or the third light-emitting circuit (123) of the light source (120)) within the sixth time interval (266) so that the light source (120) emits light of a third color. For example, the light of a third color emitted from the light source (120) may be provided (or emitted) to a pixel (200) (or liquid crystal element (205)) to which a data voltage (252) for the third color is applied.

[0111] In the sixth time interval (266), the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan (or R scan) to apply a data voltage for the first color of the other image to the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (200). Additionally, in the sixth time interval (266), the display driver IC (113) may perform light emission (or B light emission) to provide light to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (200) to which the data voltage (252) for the third color of the image is applied. In the above example, in the sixth time interval (266), the electronic device (101) may display a partial image representing the third color for the image through the LCoS panel (115).

[0113] Referring to FIGS. 2a and 2b, a display driver IC (113) can display an image by driving pixels (e.g., pixels (200)) of an LCoS panel (115). The image to be displayed may be displayed through all pixels of the LCoS panel (115) or through some pixels. As a non-limiting example, if the electronic device (101) including the LCoS panel (115) is a wearable device (e.g., the wearable device (103) of FIGS. 13a through 14b), the number and location of pixels of the LCoS panel (115) to be used for display may be changed depending on the image to be displayed or the content of the image to be displayed. For example, the electronic device (101) may display an image using some pixels instead of using all pixels of the LCoS panel (115) to reduce power consumption. For example, the area where an image is displayed within the display area of ​​the LCoS panel (115) may be referred to as the field of view (FoV) (or FoV area) of the image. For example, the display area of ​​the LCoS panel (115) may be defined by the pixels of the LCoS panel (115). Other areas within the display area of ​​the LCoS panel (115) where an image is not displayed may be referred to as outside the FoV (or FoV exclusion area) of the image. Examples of the area where an image is displayed and other areas where an image is not displayed within the display area of ​​the LCoS panel (115) are described below with reference to FIG. 3a.

[0115] FIG. 3a illustrates examples of areas where an image received from at least one processor is to be displayed among the display areas of an LCoS panel.

[0116] Referring to FIG. 3a, at least one processor (111) may generate an image (301) (or image data). For example, at least one processor (111) may generate an image (301) to be displayed and then provide (or transmit) it to a display driver IC (113). As an example without limitation, at least one processor (111) may provide location information for the image (301) to the display driver IC (113) along with the image (301) to be displayed. For example, the location information may include a FoV area or a display location of the image (301). For example, the FoV area may be defined based on a first FoV defined with respect to a first direction (e.g., x-axis direction) and a second FoV defined with respect to a second direction perpendicular to the first direction (e.g., y-axis direction), which represents the size of the image (301). For example, the above FoV area or the above display location may be defined using the location of the center location (or the pixel corresponding to the center location) of the display area (or pixels) of the LCoS panel (115) of the image (301).

[0117] A display driver IC (113) can display an image (301) received (or acquired) from at least one processor (111) through a display area (302) of an LCoS panel (115). For example, the display area (302) may include an area (302-1) where the image (301) is to be displayed and another area (302-2) where the image (301) is not to be displayed. For example, the area (302-1) may correspond to first pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) (or pixel array (116)). For example, the display area (302) may correspond to second pixels among the said pixels of the LCoS panel (115) (or pixel array (116)). For example, said second pixels may be distinguishable (or different) from said first pixels. For example, the display driver IC (113) can identify the area (302-1) in the display area (302) where the image (301) is to be displayed by using the position information of the image (301). For example, the position information of the image (301) may include a center position (303) and a size (or FoV) defined from the center position (303). As a non-limiting example, the size (or resolution, number of pixels) of the display area (302) may be 1280x800 and the size of the image (301) may be 432x432. In the above example, if the FoV area corresponding to the size of the display area (302) is 60°x40°, the FoV area corresponding to the size of the image (301) may be 20°x20°.

[0118] For example, the display driver IC (113) may refrain from displaying the image (301) through the area (302-2). For example, when the display driver IC (113) displays the image (301) through the area (302-1), the default image may be displayed through the area (302-2). As an example without limitation, the default image may include an image having a black color (or a color representing the lowest gradation level). Alternatively, for example, when the display driver IC (113) displays the image (301) through the area (302-1), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from displaying the image through the area (302-2). For example, by the display driver IC (113) refraining from displaying an image through the area (302-2), the area (302-2) can be transparently recognized from outside the electronic device (101) (or LCoS panel (115)).

[0119] The area (302-1), which is the location where the image (301) is displayed within the display area (302), may be changed. An example (305) may be referenced regarding the change of the area (302-1). Referring to the example (305), the display driver IC (113) may identify the center position (303-1) of the image (301) located relatively to the upper left in comparison with the center position (303) within the display area (302), and may display the image (301) in an area corresponding to the FoV area defined from the center position (303-1). Alternatively, referring to the example (305), the display driver IC (113) may identify the center position (303-2) of the image (301) located relatively to the lower right in comparison with the center position (303) within the display area (302), and may display the image (301) in an area corresponding to the FoV area defined from the center position (303-2). Alternatively, referring to example (305), the display driver IC (113) may identify a center position (303-3) of an image (301) located relatively to the upper right of the display area (302) in comparison with a center position (303), and display the image (301) in an area corresponding to the FoV area defined from the center position (303-3). Alternatively, referring to example (305), the display driver IC (113) may identify a center position (303-4) of an image (301) located relatively to the lower left of the display area (302) in comparison with a center position (303), and display the image (301) in an area corresponding to the FoV area defined from the center position (303-4).

[0120] In example (305), a case in which the center position is changed (or shifted) is illustrated, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the size of the area (302-1) where the image (301) is to be displayed may be changed. For example, the electronic device (101) may change the size and / or position of the area (302-1) where the image (301) is to be displayed according to the display mode of the LCoS panel (115). As a non-limiting example, the electronic device (101) may identify the display mode according to the image to be displayed or the content of the image to be displayed. For example, the display mode may include a first mode in which the size of the area where the image is to be displayed is a first size (e.g., a size corresponding to an 8°x3° FoV area). For example, the display mode may include a second mode in which the size of the area where the image is to be displayed is a second size larger than the first size (e.g., a size corresponding to an 20°x20° FoV area). For example, the display mode may include a third mode that uses a third size larger than the second size for the area where the image is to be displayed (e.g., a size corresponding to a FoV area of ​​60°x40°).

[0121] For example, at least one processor (111) can identify the size of an image defined according to the display mode and generate an image having the identified size. For example, by at least one processor (111) generating an image having the required size according to the display mode, the load and power consumption of at least one processor (111) can be reduced. Additionally, for example, by the display driver IC (113) (or LCoS panel (115)) displaying the image in an area corresponding to the size of the image according to the display mode, the power consumption of the display driver IC (113) (or LCoS panel (115)) can be reduced. Furthermore, by using images of different sizes and display areas according to the display mode, the heat generation of the electronic device (101) can be reduced.

[0122] In the example of FIG. 3a, the area (302-1) where an image is to be displayed through the display area (302) is depicted as a single area (or a single closed area), but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the area where an image is to be displayed within the display area (302) may be a plurality of areas. As a non-limiting example, the plurality of areas may be adjacent to each other (or continuous) or spaced apart from each other (or discontinuous). Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the present disclosure is described based on a display area (302) including a single area where an image is to be displayed.

[0123] The driving of the first pixels corresponding to the area (302-1) and the second pixels corresponding to the area (302-2) of the display area (302) exemplified in FIG. 3a is described below with reference to FIG. 3b.

[0125] FIG. 3b illustrates the driving of first pixels corresponding to an area where an image is to be displayed and the driving of second pixels corresponding to another area different from the area where the image is to be displayed.

[0126] Referring to FIG. 3b, an example (311) showing the driving of first pixels corresponding to an area (302-1) where the image (301) of FIG. 3a is to be displayed, and an example (312) showing the driving of second pixels corresponding to an area (302-2) are illustrated.

[0127] Referring to examples (311) and (312), the first frame (313) may include a plurality of time intervals. For example, the plurality of time intervals of the first frame (313) may include a first time interval (321), a second time interval (322), a third time interval (323), a fourth time interval (324), a fifth time interval (325), a sixth time interval (326), and a seventh time interval (327). The second frame (314) may include a plurality of time intervals. For example, the plurality of time intervals of the second frame (314) may include a first time interval (331), a second time interval (332), and a third time interval (333). In FIG. 3b, unlike FIG. 2b, two scans (or, emission) for each of the colors of the image (e.g., first color, second color, and third color) are shown to be performed within a single frame, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the first frame (313) (or the second frame (314)) of FIG. 3b may include a time interval for one scan (or, emission) for each of the colors of the image (e.g., first color, second color, and third color). For example, the length of the first frame (313) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the second frame (314). For example, the length of the first frame (313) (or the second frame (314)) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the frame (259-1) (or frame (259-2)) of FIG. 2b.

[0128] In the following, for convenience of explanation, the time intervals of each frame are described as time intervals for applying a data voltage, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. As described in FIG. 2b, each time interval may be a time interval for scanning to apply a data voltage, or a time interval for emitting light to provide a light emission signal.

[0129] Referring to example (311), a line (315) representing a voltage level of common voltage (Vcom) applied to each of the first pixels and a line (316) representing a voltage level of data voltage (Vdata) applied to each of the first pixels are shown. For example, lines (315) and (316) may be defined with respect to a reference line (319). For example, the reference line (319) may represent a reference level (e.g., reference level (280) in FIG. 2b) determined based on the kickback voltage of the transistor.

[0130] Referring to example (311), within the first frame (313), the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) may be a first voltage level. For example, the first voltage level may represent a level lower by a magnitude (351) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (319). Within the second frame (314), the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) may be a second voltage level. For example, the first voltage level may represent a level higher by a magnitude (352) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (319). For example, the first voltage level may have a first polarity, and the second voltage level may have a second polarity opposite to the first polarity.

[0131] Referring to example (311), within a first time interval (321), the display driver IC (113) may apply a first data voltage for a first color (e.g., R color) of a first image to each of the first pixels. For example, the voltage level of the first data voltage may have a level lower than the reference level indicated by the reference line (319) by a magnitude (341). Additionally, within a first time interval (321), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. For example, when the first data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the first pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels may correspond to the difference between a magnitude (351) and a magnitude (341). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the first pixels corresponding to the difference between size (351) and size (341) can be used to change the arrangement of each of the first pixels' liquid crystal elements to express the first color of the first image.

[0132] Referring to example (311), within the second time interval (322), the display driver IC (113) may apply a second data voltage for the second color (e.g., G color) of the first image to each of the first pixels. For example, the voltage level of the second data voltage may have a level that is higher by a magnitude (342) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (319). Additionally, within the second time interval (322), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. For example, when the second data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the first pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels may correspond to the sum between magnitude (351) and magnitude (342). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the first pixels can be used to change the arrangement of each of the first pixels' liquid crystal elements to express the second color of the first image.

[0133] Referring to Example (311), within a third time interval (323) between the first time interval (321) and the second time interval (322), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. Within the third time interval (323), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from applying a data voltage to each of the first pixels, but only performs a change from the first data voltage to the second data voltage.

[0134] Referring to example (311), within the fourth time interval (324), the display driver IC (113) may apply a third data voltage for the third color (e.g., color B) of the first image to each of the first pixels. For example, the voltage level of the third data voltage may have a level lower than the reference level indicated by the reference line (319) by a magnitude (343). Additionally, within the fourth time interval (324), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. For example, when the third data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the first pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels may correspond to the difference between a magnitude (351) and a magnitude (343). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the first pixels can be used to change the arrangement of each of the first pixels' liquid crystal elements to express a third color of the first image.

[0135] Referring to Example (311), within the fifth time interval (325) between the second time interval (322) and the fourth time interval (324), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. Within the fifth time interval (325), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from applying a data voltage to each of the first pixels, but only performs a change from the second data voltage to the third data voltage.

[0136] Referring to Example (311), within the sixth time interval (326), the display driver IC (113) may apply a fourth data voltage for the first color (e.g., R color) of the second image to each of the first pixels. Example (311) illustrates the case where the fourth data voltage applied within the sixth time interval (326) is a data voltage for the second image, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the fourth data voltage applied within the sixth time interval (326) may be a data voltage for the first color of the first image. In other words, the same image may be displayed twice in the first frame (313). For example, the voltage level of the fourth data voltage may have a level lower by a magnitude (344) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (319). Additionally, within the sixth time interval (326), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. For example, when the fourth data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the first pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels may correspond to the difference between the size (351) and the size (344). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels may be used to change the arrangement of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels to express the first color of the second image.

[0137] Referring to Example (311), within the seventh time interval (327) between the fourth time interval (324) and the sixth time interval (326), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. Within the seventh time interval (327), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from applying a data voltage to each of the first pixels, but only performs a change from the third data voltage to the fourth data voltage.

[0138] Referring to example (311), within the first time interval (331), the display driver IC (113) may apply a fifth data voltage for the first color (e.g., R color) of the third image to each of the first pixels. For example, the voltage level of the fifth data voltage may have a level that is higher by a magnitude (345) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (319). Additionally, within the first time interval (331), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the second voltage level to each of the first pixels. For example, when the fifth data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the first pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels may correspond to the difference between a magnitude (352) and a magnitude (345). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the first pixels can be used to change the arrangement of each of the first pixels' liquid crystal elements to express the first color of the third image.

[0139] The specific details regarding the second time interval (332) and the third time interval (333) of the example (311) can be substantially applied to the second time interval (322) and the third time interval (323) of the example (311).

[0140] During the time interval of the first frame (313) and the time interval of the second frame (314), the first pixels of the LCoS panel (115) can perform polarity inversion driving. For example, during the first time interval (321), the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels can be driven according to a second polarity (e.g., -6-(-2)=-4) determined based on the difference between the voltage level of the first data voltage (e.g., -2V) and the first voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) (e.g., -6V). Alternatively, during the first time interval (331), the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels can be driven according to a first polarity (e.g., +5-1=+4) determined based on the difference between the voltage level of the fifth data voltage (e.g., +1V) and the second voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) (e.g., +5V). An example of the state of the liquid crystal according to the polarity inversion driving of each of the first pixels above is described below with reference to FIG. 3c.

[0142] Referring to example (312), a line (315) representing a voltage level of common voltage (Vcom) applied to each of the second pixels and a line (316) representing a voltage level of data voltage (Vdata) applied to each of the second pixels are shown. For example, lines (315) and (316) may be defined with respect to a reference line (319). For example, the reference line (319) may represent a reference level (e.g., reference level (280) in FIG. 2b) determined based on the kickback voltage of the transistor.

[0143] Referring to example (312), within the first frame (313), the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) may be the first voltage level. Within the second frame (314), the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) may be the second voltage level.

[0144] Referring to example (312), within the first time interval (321), the display driver IC (113) may apply a reference data voltage to each of the second pixels. By example, without limitation, the reference data voltage may be a data voltage for a color (e.g., black) to represent the lowest grayscale level. For example, the voltage level of the reference data voltage may have a level lower than the reference level indicated by the reference line (319) by a magnitude (361). Additionally, within the first time interval (321), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the second pixels. For example, when the reference data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the second pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels may correspond to the difference (366) between the magnitude (351) and the magnitude (361). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the liquid crystal elements of the second pixels may be used to change the arrangement of each of the liquid crystal elements of the second pixels so as not to transmit light emitted with respect to the second pixels (or to interrupt or prevent it from being transmitted). Depending on the changed arrangement of the liquid crystal elements of the second pixels, an image may not be seen from outside the electronic device (101) (or LCoS panel (115)) through the second pixels.

[0145] Referring to Example (312), within the second time interval (322), the display driver IC (113) may apply the reference data voltage to each of the second pixels. Additionally, within the second time interval (322), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the second pixels. Additionally, within the third time interval (323) between the first time interval (321) and the second time interval (322), the display driver IC (113) may apply the reference data voltage to each of the second pixels. Additionally, within the third time interval (323), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the second pixels. The specific details regarding the second time interval (322) and the third time interval (323) of the example (312) can be substantially applied in the same way as the description of the first time interval (321) of the example (312).

[0146] Referring to example (312), within the first time interval (331), the display driver IC (113) may apply a reference data voltage to each of the second pixels. By example, without limitation, the reference data voltage may be a data voltage for a color (e.g., black) to represent the lowest grayscale level. For example, the voltage level of the reference data voltage applied within the first time interval (331) may have a level that is higher by a magnitude (362) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (319). Additionally, within the first time interval (331), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the second voltage level to each of the second pixels. For example, the second voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) may have a level lower than the voltage level of the reference data voltage. For example, when the reference data voltage and common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the second pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels may correspond to the difference (367) between the size (352) and the size (362). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels corresponding to the difference (367) between the size (352) and the size (362) may be used to change the arrangement of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels so as not to transmit light emitted with respect to the second pixels (or to interrupt or prevent light from being transmitted). Depending on the changed arrangement of the liquid crystal elements of the second pixels, an image may be seen not being displayed through the second pixels from outside the electronic device (101) (or LCoS panel (115)). The specific details regarding the second time interval (332) and the third time interval (333) of the example (312) can be substantially applied to the first time interval (331) of the example (312).

[0147] During the time interval of the first frame (313) and the time interval of the second frame (314), the second pixels of the LCoS panel (115) may not be able to perform polarity inversion driving. For example, during the first time interval (321), the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels may be driven according to a second polarity (e.g., -6 - (-5) = -1) determined based on the difference between the voltage level of the reference data voltage (e.g., -5V) and the first voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) (e.g., -6V). Additionally, during the first time interval (331), the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels may be driven according to a second polarity (e.g., +5 - (+6) = -1) determined based on the difference between the voltage level of the reference data voltage (e.g., +6V) and the second voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) (e.g., +5V). In other words, each of the liquid crystal elements of the second pixels corresponding to the area where the image is not displayed can be driven according to the same polarity (e.g., the second polarity) even if the frame is changed. An example of the state of the liquid crystal according to the driving of each of the second pixels is described below with reference to FIG. 3c.

[0149] FIG. 3c illustrates an example of the state of a pixel's liquid crystal that changes according to the voltage applied to the pixel.

[0150] FIG. 3c illustrates an example (390) showing the liquid crystal state of one of the first pixels (391) of the LCoS panel (115) and the liquid crystal state of one of the second pixels (392) of the second pixels, according to the driving exemplified in the examples (311, 312) of FIG. 3b.

[0151] Referring to example (390), a common voltage (Vcom) (393) may be applied to the first pixel (391). For example, the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) (393) may have different polarities per frame, as described in FIG. 3b. For example, a data voltage for the color of an image may be applied to the first pixel (391). For example, the polarity of the difference between the voltage level of the data voltage applied to the first pixel (391) and the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) (393) may be changed per frame. In other words, the polarity of the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal element of the first pixel (391) may be changed per frame. Accordingly, the first pixel (391) may perform polarity inversion driving, and the arrangement of the liquid crystal element of the first pixel (391) may be changed (or rotated). As the first pixel (391) performs polarity reversal driving, the direction of movement (395) of the ions of the first pixel (391) (or liquid crystal element) may be bidirectional.

[0152] Alternatively, referring to example (390), a common voltage (Vcom) (393) may be applied to the second pixel (392). For example, the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) (393) may have different polarities per frame, as described in FIG. 3b. For example, a reference data voltage to represent the lowest grayscale level may be applied to the second pixel (392). For example, the polarity of the difference between the voltage level of the reference data voltage applied to the second pixel (392) and the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) (393) may be maintained (or not changed) regardless of the frame. In other words, the polarity of the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal element of the second pixel (392) may be maintained. Accordingly, the second pixel (392) may not perform polarity inversion driving, and the arrangement of the liquid crystal element of the second pixel (392) may be maintained. As the second pixel (392) does not perform polarity reversal driving, the direction of movement (396) of the ions of the second pixel (392) (or liquid crystal element) may be unidirectional (e.g., the direction toward the second pixel (392) from the common voltage (Vcom) (393)).

[0154] Referring to FIGS. 3a through 3c, an electronic device (101) can display an image through a portion of the display area of ​​a display (e.g., an LCoS panel (115)). While displaying an image through a portion of the area, polarity reversal driving may not be performed on pixels corresponding to other areas where image display is not performed (e.g., the second pixels). As ions of the liquid crystal elements of the second pixels move in a unidirectional manner, they may be adsorbed onto a substrate (e.g., a backplane) placed beneath the second pixels. Depending on the adsorption of the ions onto the substrate, the voltage-transmittance (VT) characteristics of the pixels may be altered. Additionally, the voltage-transmittance characteristics of the pixels may be altered due to the degradation of the liquid crystal elements of the second pixels. For example, depending on the altered voltage-transmittance characteristics, when displaying another image through the second pixels after displaying the image, image sticking may occur in the second pixels. For example, image sticking can be referred to as an afterimage.

[0155] Referring to FIGS. 3a through 3c, polarity inversion driving is performed on pixels used to display an image (e.g., the first pixels), so image sticking may not occur. However, polarity inversion driving is not performed on pixels not used to display an image (e.g., the second pixels), so image sticking may occur. Hereinafter, the present disclosure may apply a reference voltage to the second pixels so that polarity inversion driving is performed not only on the first pixels used to display an image but also on the second pixels not used to display an image. Accordingly, the present disclosure may reduce image sticking that may occur when the second pixels not used to display an image are used for image display. Specific details regarding the method of applying the reference voltage to the second pixels are described below with reference to FIG. 4a.

[0157] FIG. 4a illustrates the driving of first pixels and the driving of second pixels based on applying a reference voltage to a pixel in a time interval between time intervals in which a data voltage for the color of an image is applied to the pixel in order to reduce image sticking.

[0158] Referring to FIG. 4a, an example (411) showing the driving of first pixels corresponding to an area (302-1) where the image (301) of FIG. 3a is to be displayed, and an example (412) showing the driving of second pixels corresponding to an area (302-2) are illustrated.

[0159] Referring to examples (411) and (412), the first frame (413) may include a plurality of time intervals. For example, the plurality of time intervals of the first frame (413) may include a first time interval (421), a second time interval (422), a third time interval (423), a fourth time interval (424), a fifth time interval (425), a sixth time interval (426), and a seventh time interval (427). The second frame (414) may include a plurality of time intervals. For example, the plurality of time intervals of the second frame (414) may include a first time interval (431), a second time interval (432), and a third time interval (433). In FIG. 4a, unlike FIG. 2b, two scans (or, emission) for each of the colors of the image (e.g., first color, second color, and third color) are shown to be performed within a single frame, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the first frame (413) (or the second frame (414)) of FIG. 4a may include a time interval for one scan (or, emission) for each of the colors of the image (e.g., first color, second color, and third color). For example, the length of the first frame (413) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the second frame (414). For example, the length of the first frame (413) (or the second frame (414)) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the frame (259-1) (or frame (259-2)) of FIG. 2b.

[0160] In the following, for convenience of explanation, the time intervals of each frame are described as time intervals for applying a data voltage, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. As described in FIG. 2b, each time interval may be a time interval for scanning to apply a data voltage, or a time interval for emitting light to provide a light emission signal.

[0161] Referring to example (411), a line (415) indicating the voltage level of a common voltage (Vcom) applied to each of the first pixels, a line (416) indicating the voltage level of a data voltage (Vdata) applied to each of the first pixels, and a reference line (419) are shown. The description of the line (415), line (416), and reference line (419) can be substantially applied in the same way as the description of the line (315), line (316), and reference line (319) of example (311) in FIG. 3b.

[0162] Referring to example (411), within a first time interval (421), the display driver IC (113) may apply a first data voltage for a first color (e.g., R color) of a first image to each of the first pixels. For example, the voltage level of the first data voltage may have a level lower than the reference level indicated by the reference line (419) by a magnitude (441). Additionally, within a first time interval (421), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. For example, when the first data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the first pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels may correspond to the difference between a magnitude (451) and a magnitude (441). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the first pixels corresponding to the difference between size (451) and size (441) can be used to change the arrangement of each of the first pixels' liquid crystal elements to express the first color of the first image.

[0163] Referring to example (411), within the second time interval (422), the display driver IC (113) may apply a second data voltage for the second color (e.g., G color) of the first image to each of the first pixels. For example, the voltage level of the second data voltage may have a level that is higher by a magnitude (442) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (419). Additionally, within the second time interval (422), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. For example, when the second data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the first pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels may correspond to the sum between magnitude (451) and magnitude (442). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the first pixels corresponding to the sum between size (451) and size (442) can be used to change the arrangement of each of the first pixels' liquid crystal elements to express the second color of the first image.

[0164] Referring to example (411), within a third time interval (423) between the first time interval (421) and the second time interval (422), the display driver IC (113) may apply a reference voltage (Vref) to each of the first pixels. For example, the reference voltage (Vref) may be used to drive the polarity inversion of the pixels. For example, the voltage level of the reference voltage (Vref) may have a level that is higher by a magnitude (447) than the first voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom). Within the third time interval (423), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level. For example, the difference between the voltage level of the reference voltage (Vref) and the first voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) may be used to change the arrangement of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels.

[0165] Referring to example (411), within the fourth time interval (424), the display driver IC (113) may apply a third data voltage for the third color (e.g., color B) of the first image to each of the first pixels. For example, the voltage level of the third data voltage may have a level lower than the reference level indicated by the reference line (419) by a magnitude (443). Additionally, within the fourth time interval (424), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. For example, when the third data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the first pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels may correspond to the difference between a magnitude (451) and a magnitude (443). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the first pixels corresponding to the difference between size (451) and size (443) can be used to change the arrangement of each of the first pixels' liquid crystal elements to express the third color of the first image.

[0166] Referring to example (411), within the fifth time interval (425) between the second time interval (422) and the fourth time interval (424), the display driver IC (113) may apply a reference voltage (Vref) to each of the first pixels. For example, the voltage level of the reference voltage (Vref) may have a level that is higher by a magnitude (447) than the first voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom). Within the fifth time interval (425), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level.

[0167] Referring to example (411), within the sixth time interval (426), the display driver IC (113) may apply a fourth data voltage for the first color (e.g., R color) of the second image to each of the first pixels. For example, the voltage level of the fourth data voltage may have a level lower than the reference level indicated by the reference line (419) by a magnitude (444). Additionally, within the sixth time interval (426), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. For example, when the fourth data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the first pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels may correspond to the difference between a magnitude (451) and a magnitude (444). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the first pixels corresponding to the difference between size (451) and size (444) can be used to change the arrangement of each of the first pixels' liquid crystal elements to express the first color of the second image.

[0168] Referring to example (411), within the seventh time interval (427) between the fourth time interval (424) and the sixth time interval (426), the display driver IC (113) may apply a reference voltage (Vref) to each of the first pixels. For example, the voltage level of the reference voltage (Vref) may have a level that is higher by a magnitude (447) than the first voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom). Within the seventh time interval (427), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level.

[0169] Referring to example (411), within the first time interval (431), the display driver IC (113) may apply a fifth data voltage for the first color (e.g., R color) of the third image to each of the first pixels. For example, the voltage level of the fifth data voltage may have a level that is higher by a magnitude (445) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (419). Additionally, within the first time interval (431), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the second voltage level to each of the first pixels. For example, when the fifth data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the first pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels may correspond to the difference between a magnitude (452) and a magnitude (445). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the first pixels corresponding to the difference between size (452) and size (445) can be used to change the arrangement of each of the first pixels' liquid crystal elements to express the first color of the third image.

[0170] Referring to example (411), within a third time interval (433) between the first time interval (431) and the second time interval (432), the display driver IC (113) may apply a reference voltage (Vref) to each of the first pixels. For example, the voltage level of the reference voltage (Vref) may have a level lower than the second voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) by a magnitude (448). Within the third time interval (433), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the second voltage level.

[0172] Referring to example (412), a line (415) indicating the voltage level of a common voltage (Vcom) applied to each of the second pixels, a line (416) indicating the voltage level of a data voltage (Vdata) applied to each of the second pixels, and a reference line (419) are shown. The description of the line (415), line (416), and reference line (419) can be substantially applied in the same way as the description of the line (315), line (316), and reference line (319) of example (312) in FIG. 3b.

[0173] Referring to example (412), within the first time interval (421), the display driver IC (113) may apply a reference data voltage to each of the second pixels. For example, the voltage level of the reference data voltage may have a level lower than the reference level indicated by the reference line (419) by a magnitude (461). Additionally, within the first time interval (421), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the second pixels. For example, when the reference data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the second pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels may correspond to the difference (466) between the magnitude (451) and the magnitude (461). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the liquid crystal elements of the second pixels corresponding to the difference (466) between the size (451) and the size (461) may be used to change the arrangement of each of the liquid crystal elements of the second pixels so as not to transmit light emitted with respect to the second pixels (or to interrupt or prevent it from being transmitted).

[0174] Referring to example (412), within the second time interval (422), the display driver IC (113) may apply the reference data voltage to each of the second pixels. Additionally, within the second time interval (422), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the second pixels.

[0175] Referring to example (412), unlike example (312), within a third time interval (423) between the first time interval (421) and the second time interval (422), the display driver IC (113) may apply a reference voltage (Vref) to each of the second pixels. For example, the voltage level of the reference voltage (Vref) may have a level that is higher by a magnitude (447) than the first voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom). Within the third time interval (423), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level. For example, the difference between the voltage level of the reference voltage (Vref) and the first voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) may be used to change the arrangement of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels.

[0176] Referring to example (412), within the first time interval (431), the display driver IC (113) may apply a reference data voltage to each of the second pixels. For example, the voltage level of the reference data voltage applied within the first time interval (431) may have a level that is higher by a magnitude (462) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (419). Additionally, within the first time interval (431), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the second voltage level to each of the second pixels. For example, when the reference data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the second pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels may correspond to the difference (467) between the magnitude (452) and the magnitude (462). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the liquid crystal elements of the second pixels corresponding to the difference (467) between size (452) and size (462) may be used to change the arrangement of each of the liquid crystal elements of the second pixels so as not to transmit light emitted with respect to the second pixels (or to interrupt or prevent it from being transmitted). Depending on the changed arrangement of the liquid crystal elements of the second pixels, an image may not be seen from outside the electronic device (101) (or LCoS panel (115)) through the second pixels.

[0177] Referring to example (412), unlike example (312), within a third time interval (433) between the first time interval (421) and the second time interval (422), the display driver IC (113) may apply a reference voltage (Vref) to each of the second pixels. For example, the voltage level of the reference voltage (Vref) may have a level lower than the second voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) by a magnitude (448). Within the third time interval (433), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the second voltage level. For example, the difference between the voltage level of the reference voltage (Vref) and the second voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) may be used to change the arrangement of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels.

[0178] Referring to examples (411) and (412), within the time interval of the first frame (413) and the time interval of the second frame (414), the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) can perform polarity inversion driving. For example, the first pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) can perform polarity inversion driving based on the data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) and / or the reference voltage (Vref) and the common voltage (Vcom). For example, the second pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) can perform polarity inversion driving based on the reference voltage (Vref) and the common voltage (Vcom).

[0179] In the example (411) of FIG. 4a, a reference voltage (Vref) is shown to be applied to each of the first pixels within each of the third time interval (423) of the first frame (413), the fifth time interval (425), the seventh time interval (427), and the third time interval (423) of the second frame (414), but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the display driver IC (113) may refrain from (or stop, bypass, or discontinue) applying the reference voltage (Vref) to each of the first pixels within each of the time intervals. This is because, compared to the second pixels, the first pixels can perform polarity inversion driving based on the data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom).

[0180] As a non-limiting example, the driving of each of the first pixels and the driving of each of the second pixels illustrated in examples (411) and (412) of FIG. 4a may be performed when the second pixels, which are not used for displaying the image, are used for displaying another image following the image. For example, the driving of each of the first pixels and the driving of each of the second pixels illustrated in examples (411) and (412) of FIG. 4a may be performed within a reference time defined from the start time of the time interval in which the other image is to be displayed. As a non-limiting example, the reference time may include at least one frame. This may be to reduce image sticking that may occur in the other image.

[0181] As a non-limiting example, the driving of each of the first pixels and the driving of each of the second pixels illustrated in the examples (411) and (412) of FIG. 4a may be performed according to a specific period. For example, the specific period may be defined as at least one frame. For example, if the specific period is defined as one frame, the driving of each of the first pixels and the driving of each of the second pixels illustrated in the examples (411) and (412) of FIG. 4a may be performed at every frame. For example, if the specific period is defined as two frames, the driving of each of the first pixels and the driving of each of the second pixels illustrated in the examples (411) and (412) of FIG. 4a may be performed in one of two consecutive frames and may be refrained from (or may not be performed, may be bypassed, or interrupted) in the other frame. In the above example, the driving of each of the first pixels and the driving of each of the second pixels shown in the example (411) and example (412) of FIG. 4a is described as being performed periodically, but the driving of each of the first pixels and the driving of each of the second pixels shown in the example (411) and example (412) of FIG. 4a may be performed non-periodically or based on a command received from at least one processor (111).

[0182] In FIG. 4a, the voltage level of the reference voltage (Vref) is shown as being the same (or a DC (direct current) voltage) in the first frame (413) and the second frame (414), but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the voltage level of the reference voltage (Vref) may be set differently for each frame (or set to an AC (alternate current) voltage). Additionally, for example, the voltage level of the reference voltage (Vref) may be set differently for each frame or for multiple frames. The setting of the voltage level of the reference voltage (Vref) as described above may be applied substantially the same way to the driving examples of FIG. 5a through FIG. 8b below.

[0183] An example of polarity inversion driving of pixels of an LCoS panel (115) is described below with reference to FIG. 4b.

[0185] FIG. 4b illustrates an example of the state of a pixel's liquid crystal that changes based on applying a reference voltage to the pixel.

[0186] FIG. 4b illustrates an example (490) showing the liquid crystal state of one of the first pixels (491) of the LCoS panel (115) and the liquid crystal state of one of the second pixels (492) of the second pixels, according to the driving exemplified in the examples (411, 412) of FIG. 4a.

[0187] Referring to example (490), a common voltage (Vcom) (493) may be applied to the first pixel (491). For example, the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) (493) may have different polarities per frame, as described in FIG. 4a. For example, a data voltage for the color of an image may be applied to the first pixel (491). For example, a reference voltage (Vref) may be applied to the first pixel (491). For example, the polarity of the difference between the voltage level of the data voltage applied to the first pixel (491) and the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) (493) may change per frame. For example, the polarity of the difference between the voltage level of the reference voltage applied to the first pixel (491) and the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) (493) may change per frame. In other words, the polarity of the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal element of the first pixel (491) can be changed frame by frame. Accordingly, the first pixel (491) can perform polarity inversion driving, and the arrangement of the liquid crystal element of the first pixel (491) can be changed (or rotated). As the first pixel (491) performs polarity inversion driving, the direction of movement (495) of the ions of the first pixel (491) (or liquid crystal element) can be bidirectional.

[0188] Referring to example (490), a common voltage (Vcom) (493) may be applied to the second pixel (492). For example, the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) (493) may have different polarities per frame, as described in FIG. 4a. For example, a reference voltage (Vref) may be applied to the second pixel (492). For example, the polarity of the difference between the voltage level of the reference voltage applied to the second pixel (492) and the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) (493) may be changed per frame. In other words, the polarity of the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal element of the second pixel (492) may be changed per frame. Accordingly, the first pixel (491) may perform polarity inversion driving, and the arrangement of the liquid crystal element of the second pixel (492) may be changed (or rotated). As the second pixel (492) performs polarity reversal driving, the direction of movement (496) of the ions of the second pixel (492) (or liquid crystal element) may be bidirectional.

[0190] Examples of pixel configurations and the driving of the pixels of the configuration examples for implementing the driving method of FIG. 4a, which applies a reference voltage within a time interval between time intervals for applying a data voltage (or time intervals for providing a light-emitting signal), are described below with reference to FIG. 5a to FIG. 8b.

[0192] FIG. 5a illustrates a first configuration example of a pixel of an LCoS panel for applying a reference voltage to the pixel.

[0193] FIG. 5a illustrates an example of a pixel (500) among the pixels included in an LCoS panel (115) (or pixel array (116)). In FIG. 5a, components included in a single pixel are illustrated, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the description of the pixel (500) illustrated in FIG. 5a may be substantially applicable to pixels included in an LCoS panel (115) (or pixel array (116)). The pixel (500) illustrated in FIG. 5a may include the components of the pixel (200) of FIG. 2a. In the following descriptions, the same reference numerals are assigned to components identical to those described above, and redundant descriptions may be omitted.

[0194] Referring to FIG. 5a, the pixel (500) may include a first storage capacitor (Cstg1) (201), a second storage capacitor (Cstg2) (202), a liquid crystal element (205), a first transistor (T1) (210), a second transistor (T2) (220), and a third transistor (530).

[0195] For example, the third transistor (530) may be used to apply a reference voltage (Vref) to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)). For example, the third transistor (530) may include a fifth electrode (531), a sixth electrode (532), and a third gate electrode (533). For example, the fifth electrode (531) may be a drain electrode or a source electrode depending on the value of the applied data (or voltage), and the sixth electrode (532) may be a source electrode or a drain electrode depending on the value of the applied data (or voltage). For example, the fifth electrode (531) of the third transistor (530) may be connected to a data line (240). The data line (240) of FIG. 5a, unlike the data line (240) of FIG. 5a, can be used to apply a data voltage to the pixel (500) (or liquid crystal element (205)) or to apply a reference voltage to the pixel (500) (or liquid crystal element (205)) according to a time interval. In other words, the data line (240) of FIG. 5a can be used to selectively apply a data voltage or a reference voltage. For example, the sixth electrode (532) of the third transistor (530) can be connected to the fourth electrode (222) of the second transistor (220). For example, the sixth electrode (532) of the third transistor (530) can be connected to the other electrode of the liquid crystal element (205). For example, the sixth electrode (532) of the third transistor (530) may be connected to the second storage capacitor (202) (or the other electrode of the second storage capacitor (202)). For example, the third gate electrode (533) of the third transistor (530) may be connected to the third scan line (593). For example, the third scan line (593) may be used to provide a third signal for driving the third transistor (530).

[0196] For example, the third signal may be referred to as a scan signal. By example, without limitation, the third signal may be provided substantially equally to each of all pixels of the LCoS panel (115). Referring to the foregoing, the third signal may be a global scan signal provided substantially equally (or substantially simultaneously) to the pixels of the LCoS panel (115).

[0197] The driving of a pixel (500) including the components exemplified in FIG. 5a is described with reference to FIG. 5b.

[0199] FIG. 5b illustrates the driving of a pixel of the first configuration example of FIG. 5a.

[0200] FIG. 5b illustrates a timing diagram (550) of driving a pixel (500) by providing scan signals to the pixel (500) of FIG. 5a and applying a data voltage (Vdata) and a reference voltage (Vref). Descriptions of the timing diagram (550) illustrated in FIG. 5b that overlap with descriptions of the timing diagram (250) of FIG. 2a may be omitted.

[0201] In the timing diagram (550), the first signal (251) may represent the state of the first signal provided through the first scan line (291) of FIG. 5A. In the timing diagram (550), the data voltage (552) may represent the state of the data voltage (Vdata) or reference voltage (Vref) applied through the data line (240) of FIG. 5A. In the timing diagram (550), the light emission signal (253) may represent the state of the signal provided to the light source (120) from the light emission driver IC (117) (or display driver IC (113)) to control the light source (120) (or light emission circuit) to emit light. In the timing diagram (550), the second signal (254) may represent the state of the second signal provided through the second scan line (292) of FIG. 5A. In the timing diagram (550), the common voltage (255) may represent the state of the common voltage (Vcom) applied to the liquid crystal element (205) (or pixel (500)) of FIG. 5a. In the timing diagram (550), the third signal (556) may represent the state of the third signal provided through the third scan line (593) of FIG. 5a.

[0202] In the first time interval (261) of the timing diagram (550), the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan (or R scan) to apply a data voltage (552) for the first color (e.g., R color) of the image to the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (500). Additionally, in the first time interval (261), the display driver IC (113) may perform light emission (or B emission) to provide light to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (500) to which a data voltage for the third color (e.g., B color) of another image prior to the image is applied. In the above example, in the first time interval (261), the electronic device (101) may display a partial image representing the third color for the other image through the LCoS panel (115).

[0203] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (550), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from (or bypass, interrupt, stop) providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (500) through the first scan line (291) within the third time interval (263). For example, as the provision of the first signal (251) to the pixel (500) is interrupted within the third time interval (263), the state of the first transistor (210) of the pixel (500) may change from a driving state (e.g., on) to a non-driving state (e.g., off).

[0204] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (550), the display driver IC (113) may provide a third signal (556) to the pixel (500) within the first time interval (571) of the third time interval (263). In the timing diagram (550), the state of the third signal (556), which is a second state (e.g., a high state), may indicate providing the third signal (556) to the pixel (500). For example, as the third signal (556) is provided within the first time interval (571), the state of the third transistor (530) of the pixel (500) may change from a non-driving state (e.g., off) to a driving state (e.g., on).

[0205] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (550), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (500) within the first time interval (571) of the third time interval (263). For example, by refraining from providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (500) within the first time interval (571), the state of the first transistor (210) of the pixel (500) may be in a non-driving state (e.g., off). In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (550), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from providing the second signal (254) to the pixel (500) within the first time interval (571) of the third time interval (263). For example, by refraining from providing the second signal (254) to the pixel (500) within the first time interval (571), the state of the second transistor (220) of the pixel (500) may be in a non-driving state (e.g., off).

[0206] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (550), the display driver IC (113) may apply a reference voltage (Vref) to the pixel (500) through the data line (240) while the third transistor (530) is driven within the first time interval (571) of the third time interval (263). In the timing diagram (550), the state of the data voltage (552) having a voltage level (586) may indicate applying the reference voltage (Vref) to the pixel (500). For example, the voltage level (586) of the reference voltage (Vref) may be set to reduce image sticking. For example, as the third signal (556) is provided to the pixel (500), a reference voltage (Vref) having a voltage level (586) can be applied to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (500) through the third transistor (530).

[0207] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (550), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (255) to the liquid crystal element (205) within the third time interval (263). The common voltage (255) may be used to change (or adjust) the state of the liquid crystal element (205) together with a reference voltage (Vref) having a voltage level (586). For example, the voltage level of the common voltage (255) applied to the liquid crystal element (205) within the third time interval (263) may be the first voltage level.

[0208] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (550), the display driver IC (113) may provide a second signal (254) to the pixel (500) within the second time interval (576) of the third time interval (263). For example, as the second signal (254) is provided to the pixel (500), the state of the second transistor (220) of the pixel (500) may change from a non-driving state (e.g., off) to a driving state (e.g., on). For example, as the second signal (254) is provided to the pixel (500), a data voltage (552) for a first color (e.g., R color) for the image may be applied from the first storage capacitor (201) through the second transistor (220) to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (500). In other words, the data voltage (552) for the first color for the image stored in the first storage capacitor (201) within the first time interval (261) may be provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (500) through the second transistor (220) within the third time interval (263) (or, the second time interval (576)). As the data voltage (552) for the first color for the image is provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (500), the reference voltage (Vref) having the voltage level (586) provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (500) within the first time interval (571) of the third time interval (263) may be removed.

[0209] With respect to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (550), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from providing the third signal (556) to the pixel (500) within the second time interval (576) of the third time interval (263). For example, as the provision of the third signal (556) to the pixel (500) is stopped within the second time interval (576) of the third time interval (263), the state of the third transistor (530) of the pixel (500) may change from a driving state (e.g., on) to a non-driving state (e.g., off).

[0210] In the second time interval (262) of the timing diagram (550), the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan (or G scan) to apply a data voltage (552) for the second color of the image to the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (500). Additionally, in the second time interval (262), the display driver IC (113) may perform light emission (or R light emission) to provide light to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (500) to which the data voltage (552) for the first color of the image is applied. In the above example, in the second time interval (262), the electronic device (101) may display a partial image representing the first color for the image through the LCoS panel (115).

[0211] In relation to the fifth time interval (265) of the timing diagram (550), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from (or bypass, interrupt, stop) providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (500) through the first scan line (291) within the fifth time interval (265). The display driver IC (113) may provide the third signal (556) to the pixel (500) within the first time interval (572) of the fifth time interval (265). The display driver IC (113) may have the state of the first transistor (210) of the pixel (500) be in a non-driving state (e.g., off) within the first time interval (572) of the fifth time interval (265), and the state of the second transistor (220) of the pixel (500) be in a non-driving state (e.g., off).

[0212] In relation to the fifth time interval (265) of the timing diagram (550), the display driver IC (113) may apply a reference voltage (Vref) to the pixel (500) through the data line (240) while the third transistor (530) is driven within the first time interval (572) of the fifth time interval (265). For example, as the third signal (556) is provided to the pixel (500), the reference voltage (Vref) having a voltage level (586) may be applied to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (500) through the third transistor (530). The display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (255) to the liquid crystal element (205) within the fifth time interval (265).

[0213] In relation to the fifth time interval (265) of the timing diagram (550), the display driver IC (113) may provide a second signal (254) to the pixel (500) within the second time interval (577) of the fifth time interval (265). For example, as the second signal (254) is provided to the pixel (500), a data voltage (552) for a second color (e.g., G color) for the image may be applied from the first storage capacitor (201) to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (500) through the second transistor (220). In other words, the data voltage (552) for the second color for the image stored in the first storage capacitor (201) within the second time interval (262) may be provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (500) through the second transistor (220) within the fifth time interval (265) (or, the second time interval (577)). As the data voltage (552) for the second color for the image is provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (500), the reference voltage (Vref) having the voltage level (586) provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (500) within the first time interval (572) of the fifth time interval (265) may be removed. The display driver IC (113) may refrain from providing the third signal (556) to the pixel (500) within the second time interval (576) of the third time interval (263).

[0214] In the fourth time interval (264) of the timing diagram (550), the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan (or B scan) to apply a data voltage (552) for the third color of the image to the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (500). Additionally, in the fourth time interval (264), the display driver IC (113) may perform light emission (or R light emission) to provide light to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (500) to which the data voltage (552) for the second color of the image is applied. In the above example, in the fourth time interval (264), the electronic device (101) may display a partial image representing the second color for the image through the LCoS panel (115).

[0215] Referring to the timing diagram (550), the display driver IC (113) can change the voltage level of the reference voltage (Vref) applied per frame. For example, the voltage level of the reference voltage (Vref) can be changed according to the voltage level of the common voltage (255) (or the polarity of the voltage level). For example, the display driver IC (113) can apply a reference voltage (Vref) having a voltage level (587) to the pixel (500) in the time interval immediately following the sixth time interval (266). For example, the voltage level (587) of the reference voltage (Vref) can be set to reduce image sticking.

[0217] FIG. 6a illustrates a second configuration example of a pixel of an LCoS panel for applying a reference voltage to the pixel.

[0218] FIG. 6a illustrates an example of a pixel (600) among the pixels included in an LCoS panel (115) (or pixel array (116)). In FIG. 6a, components included in a single pixel are illustrated, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the description of the pixel (600) illustrated in FIG. 6a may be substantially applicable to pixels included in an LCoS panel (115) (or pixel array (116)). The pixel (600) illustrated in FIG. 6a may include the components of the pixel (200) of FIG. 2a. In the following descriptions, the same reference numerals are assigned to components identical to those described above, and redundant descriptions may be omitted.

[0219] Referring to FIG. 6a, the pixel (600) may include a first storage capacitor (Cstg1) (201), a second storage capacitor (Cstg2) (202), a liquid crystal element (205), a first transistor (T1) (210), a second transistor (T2) (220), and a third transistor (630).

[0220] For example, the third transistor (630) may be used to apply a reference voltage (Vref) to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or, the second storage capacitor (202)). For example, the third transistor (630) may include a fifth electrode (631), a sixth electrode (632), and a third gate electrode (633). For example, the fifth electrode (631) may be a drain electrode or a source electrode depending on the value of the applied data (or voltage), and the sixth electrode (632) may be a source electrode or a drain electrode depending on the value of the applied data (or voltage). For example, the fifth electrode (631) of the third transistor (630) may be connected to the fourth electrode (222) of the second transistor (220). For example, the fifth electrode (631) of the third transistor (630) may be connected to the other electrode of the liquid crystal element (205). For example, the fifth electrode (631) of the third transistor (630) may be connected to the second storage capacitor (202) (or the other electrode of the second storage capacitor (202)). For example, the sixth electrode (632) of the third transistor (630) may be connected to a reference line (694). For example, the reference line (694) may be used to apply a reference voltage (Vref) to the pixel (600) (or the liquid crystal element (205)). For example, the third gate electrode (633) of the third transistor (630) may be connected to the third scan line (693). For example, the third scan line (693) can be used to provide a third signal to drive the third transistor (630).

[0221] For example, the third signal may be referred to as a scan signal. By example, without limitation, the third signal may be provided substantially equally to each of all pixels of the LCoS panel (115). Referring to the foregoing, the third signal may be a global scan signal provided substantially equally (or substantially simultaneously) to the pixels of the LCoS panel (115).

[0222] The driving of a pixel (600) including the components exemplified in FIG. 6a is described with reference to FIG. 6b.

[0224] FIG. 6b illustrates the driving of a pixel of the second configuration example of FIG. 6a.

[0225] FIG. 6b illustrates a timing diagram (650) of driving a pixel (600) by providing scan signals to the pixel (600) of FIG. 6a and applying a data voltage (Vdata) and a reference voltage (Vref). Descriptions of the timing diagram (650) illustrated in FIG. 6b that overlap with descriptions of the timing diagram (250) of FIG. 2a may be omitted.

[0226] In the timing diagram (650), the first signal (251) may represent the state of the first signal provided through the first scan line (291) of FIG. 6A. In the timing diagram (650), the data voltage (252) may represent the state of the data voltage (Vdata) applied through the data line (240) of FIG. 6A. In the timing diagram (650), the light emission signal (253) may represent the state of the signal provided to the light source (120) from the light emission driver IC (117) (or display driver IC (113)) to control the light source (120) (or light emission circuit) to emit light. In the timing diagram (650), the second signal (254) may represent the state of the second signal provided through the second scan line (292) of FIG. 6A. In the timing diagram (650), the common voltage (255) may represent the state of the common voltage (Vcom) applied to the liquid crystal element (205) (or pixel (600)) of FIG. 6A. In the timing diagram (650), the third signal (656) may represent the state of the third signal provided through the third scan line (693) of FIG. 6A. In the timing diagram (650), the reference voltage (657) may represent the state of the reference voltage (Vref) applied through the reference line (694) of FIG. 6A.

[0227] In the first time interval (261) of the timing diagram (650), the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan (or R scan) to apply a data voltage (252) for the first color (e.g., R color) of the image to the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (600). Additionally, in the first time interval (261), the display driver IC (113) may perform light emission (or B emission) to provide light to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (600) to which a data voltage for the third color (e.g., B color) of another image prior to the image is applied. In the above example, in the first time interval (261), the electronic device (101) may display a partial image representing the third color for the other image through the LCoS panel (115).

[0228] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (650), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from (or bypass, interrupt, stop) providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (600) through the first scan line (291) within the third time interval (263). For example, as the provision of the first signal (251) to the pixel (600) is interrupted within the third time interval (263), the state of the first transistor (210) of the pixel (600) may change from a driving state (e.g., on) to a non-driving state (e.g., off).

[0229] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (650), the display driver IC (113) may provide a third signal (656) to the pixel (600) within the first time interval (671) of the third time interval (263). In the timing diagram (650), the state of the third signal (656), which is a second state (e.g., a high state), may indicate providing the third signal (656) to the pixel (600). For example, as the third signal (656) is provided within the first time interval (671), the state of the third transistor (630) of the pixel (600) may change from a non-driving state (e.g., off) to a driving state (e.g., on).

[0230] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (650), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (600) within the first time interval (671) of the third time interval (263). For example, by refraining from providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (600) within the first time interval (671), the state of the first transistor (210) of the pixel (600) may be in a non-driving state (e.g., off). In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (650), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from providing the second signal (254) to the pixel (600) within the first time interval (671) of the third time interval (263). For example, by refraining from providing the second signal (254) to the pixel (600) within the first time interval (671), the state of the second transistor (220) of the pixel (600) may be in a non-driving state (e.g., off).

[0231] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (650), the display driver IC (113) may apply a reference voltage (657) to the pixel (600) through the reference line (694) while the third transistor (630) is driven within the first time interval (671) of the third time interval (263). For example, the voltage level of the reference voltage (657) may be a voltage level that is higher than the reference level (685) by a first size (686). As a non-limiting example, the reference level (685) may correspond to (or be the same as) the reference level (280). For example, the first size (686) may be smaller than the first size (281). For example, as the third signal (656) is provided to the pixel (600), the reference voltage (657) can be applied to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (600) through the third transistor (630).

[0232] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (650), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (255) to the liquid crystal element (205) within the third time interval (263). The common voltage (255) may be used together with the reference voltage (657) to change (or adjust) the state of the liquid crystal element (205). For example, the voltage level of the common voltage (255) applied to the liquid crystal element (205) within the third time interval (263) may be the first voltage level.

[0233] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (650), the display driver IC (113) may provide a second signal (254) to the pixel (600) within the second time interval (676) of the third time interval (263). For example, as the second signal (254) is provided to the pixel (600), the state of the second transistor (220) of the pixel (600) may change from a non-driving state (e.g., off) to a driving state (e.g., on). For example, as the second signal (254) is provided to the pixel (600), a data voltage (252) for a first color (e.g., R color) for the image may be applied from the first storage capacitor (201) through the second transistor (220) to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (600). In other words, the data voltage (252) for the first color for the image stored in the first storage capacitor (201) within the first time interval (261) may be provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (600) through the second transistor (220) within the third time interval (263) (or, the second time interval (676)). As the data voltage (252) for the first color for the image is provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (600), the reference voltage (657) provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (600) within the first time interval (671) of the third time interval (263) may be removed.

[0234] With respect to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (650), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from providing the third signal (656) to the pixel (600) within the second time interval (676) of the third time interval (263). For example, as the provision of the third signal (656) to the pixel (600) is stopped within the second time interval (676) of the third time interval (263), the state of the third transistor (630) of the pixel (600) may change from a driving state (e.g., on) to a non-driving state (e.g., off).

[0235] In the second time interval (262) of the timing diagram (650), the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan (or G scan) to apply a data voltage (252) for the second color of the image to the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (600). Additionally, in the second time interval (262), the display driver IC (113) may perform light emission (or R light emission) to provide light to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (600) to which the data voltage (252) for the first color of the image is applied. In the above example, in the second time interval (262), the electronic device (101) may display a partial image representing the first color for the image through the LCoS panel (115).

[0236] Specific details regarding the fifth time interval (265) of the timing diagram (650) may be substantially referenced to the details regarding the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (650). For example, specific details regarding the first time interval (672) of the fifth time interval (265) may be substantially referenced to the details regarding the first time interval (671) of the third time interval (263). For example, specific details regarding the second time interval (677) of the fifth time interval (265) may be substantially referenced to the details regarding the second time interval (676) of the third time interval (263).

[0237] In the fourth time interval (264) of the timing diagram (650), the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan (or B scan) to apply a data voltage (252) for the third color of the image to the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (600). Additionally, in the fourth time interval (264), the display driver IC (113) may perform light emission (or R light emission) to provide light to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (600) to which the data voltage (252) for the second color of the image is applied. In the above example, in the fourth time interval (264), the electronic device (101) may display a partial image representing the second color for the image through the LCoS panel (115).

[0238] Referring to the timing diagram (650), the display driver IC (113) can change the voltage level of the reference voltage (657) applied per frame. For example, the voltage level of the reference voltage (657) can be changed according to the voltage level of the common voltage (255) (or the polarity of the voltage level). For example, in the time interval immediately following the sixth time interval (266), the voltage level of the reference voltage (657) may be a voltage level lower than the reference level (685) by a second magnitude (687). For example, the voltage level of the reference voltage (657) applied in the time interval immediately following the sixth time interval (266) may be different from the voltage level of the reference voltage (657) applied in the third time interval (263).

[0239] Referring to FIG. 6b, the third signal (656) is illustrated as being provided to pixels within each of the time intervals (e.g., third time interval (263), fifth time interval (265), and seventh time interval (267)) during which light emission and scanning are refrained within one frame (e.g., frame (259-1)), but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the third signal (656) may be provided to pixels within some of the time intervals (e.g., third time interval (263), fifth time interval (265), and seventh time interval (267)) during which light emission and scanning are refrained within one frame (e.g., frame (259-1)). Alternatively, for example, the length of the time interval (e.g., the first time interval (671)) provided within the time intervals (e.g., the third time interval (263), the fifth time interval (265), and the seventh time interval (267)) during which the third signal (656) refrains from emitting light and scanning may be adjusted. For example, the adjustment of the length may be determined according to the characteristics of the liquid crystal element (205) (or pixel (600), liquid crystal) to reduce image sticking.

[0241] FIG. 7a illustrates a third configuration example of a pixel of an LCoS panel for applying a reference voltage to the pixel.

[0242] FIG. 7a illustrates an example of a pixel (700) among the pixels included in an LCoS panel (115) (or pixel array (116)). In FIG. 7a, components included in a single pixel are illustrated, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the description of the pixel (700) illustrated in FIG. 7a may be substantially applicable to pixels included in an LCoS panel (115) (or pixel array (116)). The pixel (700) illustrated in FIG. 7a may include the components of the pixel (200) of FIG. 2a. In the following descriptions, the same reference numerals are assigned to components identical to those described above, and redundant descriptions may be omitted.

[0243] Referring to FIG. 7a, the pixel (700) may include a first storage capacitor (Cstg1) (201), a second storage capacitor (Cstg2) (202), a liquid crystal element (205), a first transistor (T1) (210), a second transistor (T2) (220), and a third transistor (730).

[0244] For example, the third transistor (730) may be used to apply a reference voltage (Vref) to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)). For example, the third transistor (730) may include a fifth electrode (731), a sixth electrode (732), and a third gate electrode (733). For example, the fifth electrode (731) may be a drain electrode or a source electrode depending on the value of the applied data (or voltage), and the sixth electrode (732) may be a source electrode or a drain electrode depending on the value of the applied data (or voltage). For example, the fifth electrode (731) of the third transistor (730) may be connected to the fourth electrode (222) of the second transistor (220). For example, the fifth electrode (731) of the third transistor (730) may be connected to the other electrode of the liquid crystal element (205). For example, the fifth electrode (731) of the third transistor (730) may be connected to the second storage capacitor (202) (or the other electrode of the second storage capacitor (202)). For example, the sixth electrode (732) of the third transistor (730) may be connected to a reference line (794). For example, the reference line (794) may be used to apply a reference voltage (Vref) to the pixel (700) (or the liquid crystal element (205)). For example, the third gate electrode (733) of the third transistor (730) may be connected to the third scan line (793). For example, the third scan line (793) can be used to provide a third signal to drive the third transistor (730).

[0245] For example, the third signal may be referenced as a scan signal. By example, without limitation, the third signal may be provided sequentially to all pixels of the LCoS panel (115). For example, the third signal may be provided to a first set of pixels of a first line among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115), and then provided to a second set of pixels of a second line following the first line. Compared to the third signal provided to the pixel (600) of FIG. 6a, the third signal provided to the pixel (700) of FIG. 7a may be a scan signal provided line by line.

[0246] For example, the second signal provided through the second scan line (292) of the pixel (700) of FIG. 7a may be a scan signal provided line by line that is associated with the third signal. For example, when the third signal provided through the third scan line (793) is provided to the second set of pixels of the second line, the second signal provided through the second scan line (292) may be provided to the first set of pixels of the first line. Or, for example, when the third signal provided through the third scan line (793) is provided to the nth set of pixels of the nth line, the second signal provided through the second scan line (292) may be provided to the n-1st set of pixels of the n-1st line. For example, if the third signal provided through the third scan line (793) is referred to as the third signal [n], the second signal provided through the second scan line (292) may be referred to as the third signal [n-1]. n within [] may be referenced as the index of the pixel line.

[0247] The driving of a pixel (700) including the components exemplified in FIG. 7a is described with reference to FIG. 7b.

[0249] FIG. 7b illustrates the driving of a pixel of the third configuration example of FIG. 7a.

[0250] FIG. 7b illustrates a timing diagram (750) of driving a pixel (700) by providing scan signals to the pixel (700) of FIG. 7a and applying a data voltage (Vdata) and a reference voltage (Vref). Descriptions of the timing diagram (750) illustrated in FIG. 7b that overlap with descriptions of the timing diagram (250) of FIG. 2a may be omitted.

[0251] In the timing diagram (750), the first signal (251) may represent the state of the first signal provided through the first scan line (291) of FIG. 7A. In the timing diagram (750), the data voltage (252) may represent the state of the data voltage (Vdata) applied through the data line (240) of FIG. 7A. In the timing diagram (750), the light emission signal (253) may represent the state of the signal provided to the light source (120) from the light emission driver IC (117) (or display driver IC (113)) to control the light source (120) (or light emission circuit) to emit light. In the timing diagram (750), the second signal (254) may represent the state of the second signal provided through the second scan line (292) of FIG. 7A. In the timing diagram (750), the common voltage (255) may represent the state of the common voltage (Vcom) applied to the liquid crystal element (205) (or pixel (700)) of FIG. 7a. In the timing diagram (750), the third signal (756) may represent the state of the third signal provided through the third scan line (793) of FIG. 7a. In the timing diagram (750), the reference voltage (757) may represent the state of the reference voltage (Vref) applied through the reference line (794) of FIG. 7a.

[0252] In the first time interval (261) of the timing diagram (750), the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan (or R scan) to apply a data voltage (252) for the first color (e.g., R color) of the image to the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (700). Additionally, in the first time interval (261), the display driver IC (113) may perform light emission (or B emission) to provide light to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (700) to which a data voltage for the third color (e.g., B color) of another image prior to the image is applied. In the above example, in the first time interval (261), the electronic device (101) may display a partial image representing the third color for the other image through the LCoS panel (115).

[0253] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (750), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from (or bypass, interrupt, stop) providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (700) through the first scan line (291) within the third time interval (263). For example, as the provision of the first signal (251) to the pixel (700) is interrupted within the third time interval (263), the state of the first transistor (210) of the pixel (700) may change from a driving state (e.g., on) to a non-driving state (e.g., off).

[0254] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (750), the display driver IC (113) may provide a third signal (756) to the pixel (700) within the first time interval (771) of the third time interval (263). In the timing diagram (750), the state of the third signal (756), which is a second state (e.g., high state) (or a third state between the first state (e.g., low state) and the second state), may indicate providing the third signal (756) to the pixel (700). For example, as the third signal (756) is provided within the first time interval (771), the state of the third transistor (730) of the pixel (700) may change from a non-driving state (e.g., off) to a driving state (e.g., on).

[0255] With respect to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (750), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (700) within the first time interval (771) of the third time interval (263). For example, by refraining from providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (700) within the first time interval (771), the state of the first transistor (210) of the pixel (700) may be in a non-driving state (e.g., off).

[0256] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (750), the display driver IC (113) may apply a reference voltage (757) to the pixel (700) through the reference line (794) while the third transistor (730) is driven within the first time interval (771) of the third time interval (263). For example, the voltage level of the reference voltage (757) may be a voltage level that is higher than the reference level (785) by a first size (786). As a non-limiting example, the reference level (785) may correspond to (or be the same as) the reference level (280). For example, the first size (786) may be smaller than the first size (281). For example, as the third signal (756) is provided to the pixel (700), the reference voltage (757) can be applied to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (700) through the third transistor (730).

[0257] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (750), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (255) to the liquid crystal element (205) within the third time interval (263). The common voltage (255), together with the reference voltage (757), may be used to change (or adjust) the state of the liquid crystal element (205). For example, the voltage level of the common voltage (255) applied to the liquid crystal element (205) within the third time interval (263) may be the first voltage level.

[0258] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (750), the display driver IC (113) may provide a second signal (254) to the pixel (700) within the second time interval (776) of the third time interval (263). For example, the second time interval (776) may overlap at least partially with the first time interval (771). This may be because the second signal (254) provided through the second scan line (292) of FIG. 7a is provided sequentially in conjunction with the third signal (756) provided through the third scan line (293) of FIG. 7a. In the example of the timing diagram (750), the difference between the start time of the first time interval (771) and the start time of the second time interval (776) may correspond to the difference in the start time at which the scan is performed line by line. For example, as the second signal (254) is provided to the pixel (700), the state of the second transistor (220) of the pixel (700) may be changed from a non-driving state (e.g., off) to a driving state (e.g., on). For example, as the second signal (254) is provided to the pixel (700), a data voltage (252) for a first color (e.g., R color) for the image may be applied from the first storage capacitor (201) through the second transistor (220) to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (700). In other words, the data voltage (252) for the first color for the image stored in the first storage capacitor (201) within the first time interval (261) can be provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (700) through the second transistor (220) within the third time interval (263) (or, the second time interval (776)).As the data voltage (252) for the first color for the image is provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (700), the reference voltage (757) provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (700) within the first time interval (771) of the third time interval (263) can be removed.

[0259] In the second time interval (262) of the timing diagram (750), the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan (or G scan) to apply a data voltage (252) for the second color of the image to the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (700). Additionally, in the second time interval (262), the display driver IC (113) may perform light emission (or R light emission) to provide light to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (700) to which the data voltage (252) for the first color of the image is applied. In the above example, in the second time interval (262), the electronic device (101) may display a partial image representing the first color for the image through the LCoS panel (115).

[0260] Specific details regarding the fifth time interval (265) of the timing diagram (750) may be substantially referenced to the details regarding the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (750). For example, specific details regarding the first time interval (772) of the fifth time interval (265) may be substantially referenced to the details regarding the first time interval (771) of the third time interval (263). For example, specific details regarding the second time interval (777) of the fifth time interval (265) may be substantially referenced to the details regarding the second time interval (776) of the third time interval (263).

[0261] In the fourth time interval (264) of the timing diagram (750), the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan (or B scan) to apply a data voltage (252) for the third color of the image to the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (700). Additionally, in the fourth time interval (264), the display driver IC (113) may perform light emission (or R light emission) to provide light to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (700) to which the data voltage (252) for the second color of the image is applied. In the above example, in the fourth time interval (264), the electronic device (101) may display a partial image representing the second color for the image through the LCoS panel (115).

[0262] Referring to the timing diagram (750), the display driver IC (113) can change the voltage level of the reference voltage (757) applied per frame. For example, the voltage level of the reference voltage (757) can be changed according to the voltage level of the common voltage (255) (or the polarity of the voltage level). For example, in a time interval within frame (259-2), the voltage level of the reference voltage (757) may be a voltage level lower than the reference level (785) by a second size (787). For example, the voltage level of the reference voltage (757) applied in a time interval within frame (259-2) may be different from the voltage level of the reference voltage (757) applied in a third time interval (263) within frame (259-1).

[0263] Unlike FIG. 2b, the length of the first time interval (261) (or, second time interval (262), fourth time interval (264)) of FIG. 7b may be shorter than the length of the third time interval (263) (or, fifth time interval (265)) of FIG. 7b. This may be because the first storage capacitor (201) is charged within the first time interval (261) (or, second time interval (262), fourth time interval (264)), but the liquid crystal element (205) is charged along with the second storage capacitor (202) within the third time interval (263) (or, fifth time interval (265)).

[0265] FIG. 8a illustrates a fourth configuration example of a pixel of an LCoS panel for applying a reference voltage to the pixel.

[0266] FIG. 8a illustrates an example of a pixel (800) among the pixels included in an LCoS panel (115) (or pixel array (116)). In FIG. 8a, components included in a single pixel are illustrated, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the description of the pixel (800) illustrated in FIG. 8a may be substantially applicable to pixels included in an LCoS panel (115) (or pixel array (116)). The pixel (800) illustrated in FIG. 8a may include the components of the pixel (200) of FIG. 2a. In the following descriptions, the same reference numerals are assigned to components identical to those described above, and redundant descriptions may be omitted.

[0267] Referring to FIG. 8a, the pixel (800) may include a first storage capacitor (Cstg1) (201), a second storage capacitor (Cstg2) (202), a liquid crystal element (205), a first transistor (T1) (210), a second transistor (T2) (220), and a coupling capacitor (830).

[0268] For example, the coupling capacitor (830) may be used to apply a reference voltage (Vref) to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or, the second storage capacitor (202)). For example, the coupling capacitor (830) may include a fifth electrode (831) and a sixth electrode (832). In an example that is not limited, the coupling capacitor (830) may be a capacitor element having capacitance. Or, in an example that is not limited, the coupling capacitor (830) may be a parasitic capacitor having capacitance formed between a metal member forming the reference line (894) and a metal member forming the liquid crystal element (205) (or, the second storage capacitor (202)). For example, the fifth electrode (831) of the coupling capacitor (830) may be connected to the fourth electrode (222) of the second transistor (220). For example, the fifth electrode (831) of the coupling capacitor (830) may be connected to the other electrode of the liquid crystal element (205). For example, the fifth electrode (831) of the coupling capacitor (830) may be connected to the second storage capacitor (202) (or the other electrode of the second storage capacitor (202)). For example, the sixth electrode (832) of the coupling capacitor (830) may be connected to a reference line (894). For example, the reference line (894) may be used to apply a reference voltage (Vref) to the pixel (700) (or the liquid crystal element (205)). For example, as charging or discharging of the coupling capacitor (830) is performed based on the reference voltage (Vref) applied through the reference line (894), the reference voltage (Vref) may be applied to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)).

[0269] The driving of a pixel (800) including the components exemplified in FIG. 8a is described with reference to FIG. 8b.

[0271] FIG. 8b illustrates the driving of a pixel of the fourth configuration example of FIG. 8a.

[0272] FIG. 8b illustrates a timing diagram (850) of driving a pixel (800) by providing scan signals to the pixel (800) of FIG. 8a and applying a data voltage (Vdata) and a reference voltage (Vref). Descriptions of the timing diagram (850) illustrated in FIG. 8b that overlap with descriptions of the timing diagram (250) of FIG. 2a may be omitted.

[0273] In the timing diagram (850), the first signal (251) may represent the state of the first signal provided through the first scan line (291) of FIG. 8A. In the timing diagram (850), the data voltage (252) may represent the state of the data voltage (Vdata) applied through the data line (240) of FIG. 8A. In the timing diagram (850), the light emission signal (253) may represent the state of the signal provided to the light source (120) from the light emission driver IC (117) (or display driver IC (113)) to control the light source (120) (or light emission circuit) to emit light. In the timing diagram (850), the second signal (254) may represent the state of the second signal provided through the second scan line (292) of FIG. 8A. In the timing diagram (850), the common voltage (255) may represent the state of the common voltage (Vcom) applied to the liquid crystal element (205) (or pixel (800)) of FIG. 8a. In the timing diagram (850), the reference voltage (857) may represent the state of the reference voltage (Vref) applied through the reference line (894) of FIG. 8a.

[0274] In the first time interval (261) of the timing diagram (850), the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan (or R scan) to apply a data voltage (252) for the first color (e.g., R color) of the image to the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (800). Additionally, in the first time interval (261), the display driver IC (113) may perform light emission (or B emission) to provide light to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (800) to which a data voltage for the third color (e.g., B color) of another image prior to the image is applied. In the above example, in the first time interval (261), the electronic device (101) may display a partial image representing the third color for the other image through the LCoS panel (115).

[0275] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (850), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from (or bypass, interrupt, stop) providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (800) through the first scan line (291) within the third time interval (263). For example, as the provision of the first signal (251) to the pixel (800) is interrupted within the third time interval (263), the state of the first transistor (210) of the pixel (800) may change from a driving state (e.g., on) to a non-driving state (e.g., off).

[0276] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (850), the display driver IC (113) may provide a reference voltage (857) to the pixel (800) within the first time interval (871) of the third time interval (263). In the timing diagram (850), the state of the reference voltage (857), which is a first state (e.g., a low state), may indicate providing the reference voltage (857) to the pixel (800). For example, as the reference voltage (857) is provided to the pixel (800) within the first time interval (871), operation (e.g., charging or discharging) of the coupling capacitor (830) to which the reference voltage (857) is applied may be caused. Depending on the operation of the coupling capacitor (830), the voltage level of the electrode electrically connected to the fifth electrode (831) of the coupling capacitor (830) among the electrodes of the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) may be changed. As the voltage level of the electrode electrically connected to the fifth electrode (831) among the electrodes of the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) is changed, a reference voltage (857) may be applied to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)).

[0277] With respect to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (850), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (800) within the first time interval (871) of the third time interval (263). For example, by refraining from providing the first signal (251) to the pixel (800) within the first time interval (871), the state of the first transistor (210) of the pixel (800) may be in a non-driving state (e.g., off).

[0278] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (850), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (255) to the liquid crystal element (205) within the third time interval (263). The common voltage (255), together with the reference voltage (857), may be used to change (or adjust) the state of the liquid crystal element (205). For example, the voltage level of the common voltage (255) applied to the liquid crystal element (205) within the third time interval (263) may be the first voltage level.

[0279] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (850), the display driver IC (113) may provide a second signal (254) to the pixel (800) within the second time interval (876) of the third time interval (263). For example, as the second signal (254) is provided to the pixel (800), the state of the second transistor (220) of the pixel (800) may change from a non-driving state (e.g., off) to a driving state (e.g., on). For example, as the second signal (254) is provided to the pixel (800), a data voltage (252) for a first color (e.g., R color) for the image may be applied from the first storage capacitor (201) through the second transistor (220) to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (800). In other words, the data voltage (252) for the first color for the image stored in the first storage capacitor (201) within the first time interval (261) may be provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (800) through the second transistor (220) within the third time interval (263) (or, the second time interval (876)). As the data voltage (252) for the first color for the image is provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (800), the reference voltage (857) provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (800) within the first time interval (871) of the third time interval (263) may be removed.

[0280] In relation to the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (850), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from providing the reference voltage (857) to the pixel (800) within the second time interval (876) of the third time interval (263). In the timing diagram (850), the state of the reference voltage (857), which is the second state (e.g., high state), may indicate refraining from providing the reference voltage (857) to the pixel (800). For example, as the provision of the reference voltage (857) to the pixel (800) is stopped within the second time interval (876) of the third time interval (263), the operation (e.g., charging or discharging) of the coupling capacitor (830) may be stopped (or, maintained in a charged state, maintained in a discharged state). Accordingly, the reference voltage (857) may not be provided to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)).

[0281] In the second time interval (262) of the timing diagram (850), the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan (or G scan) to apply a data voltage (252) for the second color of the image to the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (800). Additionally, in the second time interval (262), the display driver IC (113) may perform light emission (or R light emission) to provide light to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (800) to which the data voltage (252) for the first color of the image is applied. In the above example, in the second time interval (262), the electronic device (101) may display a partial image representing the first color for the image through the LCoS panel (115).

[0282] Specific details regarding the fifth time interval (265) of the timing diagram (850) may be substantially referenced to the details regarding the third time interval (263) of the timing diagram (850). For example, specific details regarding the first time interval (872) of the fifth time interval (265) may be substantially referenced to the details regarding the first time interval (871) of the third time interval (263). For example, specific details regarding the second time interval (877) of the fifth time interval (265) may be substantially referenced to the details regarding the second time interval (876) of the third time interval (263).

[0283] In the fourth time interval (264) of the timing diagram (850), the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan (or B scan) to apply a data voltage (252) for the third color of the image to the first storage capacitor (201) of the pixel (800). Additionally, in the fourth time interval (264), the display driver IC (113) may perform light emission (or R light emission) to provide light to the liquid crystal element (205) (and / or the second storage capacitor (202)) of the pixel (800) to which the data voltage (252) for the second color of the image is applied. In the above example, in the fourth time interval (264), the electronic device (101) may display a partial image representing the second color for the image through the LCoS panel (115).

[0285] FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate the driving of first pixels and second pixels based on applying a reference voltage to the pixels during a time interval during which the emission of the pixels is refrained in order to reduce image sticking.

[0286] FIG. 9a illustrates an example (901) showing the operation of pixels in a frame including one time interval during which light emission is refrained. FIG. 9b illustrates an example (902) showing the operation of pixels in a frame including two time intervals during which light emission is refrained.

[0287] Referring to the example (901) of FIG. 9a, an example (911) showing the driving of first pixels corresponding to an area where an image is to be displayed and an example (912) showing the driving of second pixels corresponding to a different area different from said area are illustrated.

[0288] Referring to examples (911) and (912), the first frame (913) may include a plurality of time intervals. For example, the plurality of time intervals of the first frame (913) may include a first time interval (921), a second time interval (922), a third time interval (923), a fourth time interval (924), a fifth time interval (925), a sixth time interval (926), a seventh time interval (927), and an eighth time interval (928). The second frame (914) may include a plurality of time intervals. For example, the plurality of time intervals of the second frame (914) may include a first time interval (931), a second time interval (932), a third time interval (933), and a fourth time interval (934). In FIG. 9a, unlike FIG. 2b, two scans (or, emission) for each of the colors of the image (e.g., first color, second color, and third color) are shown to be performed within a single frame, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the first frame (913) (or the second frame (914)) of FIG. 9a may include a time interval for one scan (or, emission) for each of the colors of the image (e.g., first color, second color, and third color). For example, the length of the first frame (913) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the second frame (914). For example, the length of the first frame (913) (or the second frame (914)) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the frame (259-1) (or frame (259-2)) of FIG. 2b.

[0289] In FIG. 9a, one frame may include a time interval during which light emission is refrained (emission off, O). For example, the first frame (913) may include an eighth time interval (928) during which light emission is refrained. For example, the second frame (914) may include a fourth time interval (934) during which light emission is refrained. Since the first frame (913) further includes the eighth time interval (928), the length of the first time interval (921) of the first frame (913) may be shorter than the length of the first time interval (421) of the first frame (413) of FIG. 4a.

[0290] In the following, for convenience of explanation, the time intervals of each frame are described as time intervals for applying a data voltage, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. As described in FIG. 2b, each time interval may be a time interval for scanning to apply a data voltage, or a time interval for emitting light to provide a light emission signal.

[0291] Referring to example (911), a line (915) indicating the voltage level of a common voltage (Vcom) applied to each of the first pixels, a line (916) indicating the voltage level of a data voltage (Vdata) applied to each of the first pixels, and a reference line (919) are shown. The description of the line (915), line (916), and reference line (919) can be substantially applied in the same way as the description of the line (315), line (316), and reference line (319) of example (311) in FIG. 3b.

[0292] Referring to example (911), within a first time interval (921), the display driver IC (113) may apply a first data voltage for a first color (e.g., R color) of a first image to each of the first pixels. For example, the voltage level of the first data voltage may have a level lower than the reference level indicated by the reference line (919) by a magnitude (941). Additionally, within a first time interval (921), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. For example, when the first data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the first pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels may correspond to the difference between a magnitude (951) and a magnitude (941). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the first pixels corresponding to the difference between size (951) and size (941) can be used to change the arrangement of each of the first pixels' liquid crystal elements to express the first color of the first image.

[0293] Referring to example (911), within a second time interval (922), the display driver IC (113) may apply a second data voltage for a second color (e.g., G color) of the first image to each of the first pixels. For example, the voltage level of the second data voltage may have a level that is higher by a magnitude (942) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (919). Additionally, within the second time interval (922), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. For example, when the second data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the first pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels may correspond to the sum between magnitude (951) and magnitude (942). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the first pixels corresponding to the sum between size (951) and size (942) can be used to change the arrangement of each of the first pixels' liquid crystal elements to express the second color of the first image.

[0294] Referring to example (911), within a third time interval (923) between the first time interval (921) and the second time interval (922), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. Within the third time interval (923), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from applying a data voltage to each of the first pixels, but only performs a change from the first data voltage to the second data voltage. Unlike in FIG. 4a, in example (911) of FIG. 9a, the display driver IC (113) may refrain from applying a reference voltage (Vref) to each of the first pixels within the third time interval (923).

[0295] Referring to example (911), within the fourth time interval (924), the display driver IC (113) may apply a third data voltage for a third color (e.g., color B) of the first image to each of the first pixels. For example, the voltage level of the third data voltage may have a level lower than the reference level indicated by the reference line (919) by a magnitude (943). Additionally, within the fourth time interval (924), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. For example, when the third data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the first pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels may correspond to the difference between a magnitude (951) and a magnitude (943). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the first pixels corresponding to the difference between size (951) and size (943) can be used to change the arrangement of each of the first pixels' liquid crystal elements to express the third color of the first image.

[0296] Referring to example (911), within the fifth time interval (925) between the second time interval (922) and the fourth time interval (924), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. Within the fifth time interval (925), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from applying a data voltage to each of the first pixels, but only performs a change from the second data voltage to the third data voltage. Unlike in FIG. 4a, in example (911) of FIG. 9a, the display driver IC (113) may refrain from applying a reference voltage (Vref) to each of the first pixels within the fifth time interval (925).

[0297] Referring to example (911), within the sixth time interval (926), the display driver IC (113) may apply a fourth data voltage for the first color (e.g., R color) of the second image to each of the first pixels. For example, the voltage level of the fourth data voltage may have a level lower than the reference level indicated by the reference line (919) by a magnitude (944). Additionally, within the sixth time interval (926), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. For example, when the fourth data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the first pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels may correspond to the difference between a magnitude (951) and a magnitude (944). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the first pixels corresponding to the difference between size (951) and size (944) can be used to change the arrangement of each of the first pixels' liquid crystal elements to express the first color of the second image.

[0298] Referring to example (911), within the seventh time interval (927) between the fourth time interval (924) and the sixth time interval (926), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. Within the seventh time interval (927), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from applying a data voltage to each of the first pixels, but only performs a change from the third data voltage to the fourth data voltage. Unlike in FIG. 4a, in example (911) of FIG. 9a, the display driver IC (113) may refrain from applying a reference voltage (Vref) to each of the first pixels within the seventh time interval (927).

[0299] Referring to example (911), within the eighth time interval (928), the display driver IC (113) may apply a fifth data voltage to each of the first pixels. For example, the fifth data voltage may have a voltage level different from the voltage level of the reference data voltage for expressing the lowest grayscale level. For example, the voltage level of the fifth data voltage may have a level that is higher by a magnitude (946) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (919). For example, within the eighth time interval (928), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from performing light emission, unlike other time intervals (e.g., first time interval (921), second time interval (922)) where light emission of the first frame (913) is performed. In other words, the display driver IC (113) can perform scanning during light emission and scanning within the eighth time interval (928), unlike the first time interval (921) which performs both light emission and scanning. For example, the eighth time interval (928) can perform scanning (or, applying a data voltage) unlike the time interval (e.g., third time interval (923)) between time intervals that perform both light emission and scanning (e.g., first time interval (921) and second time interval (922)). For example, the fifth data voltage applied within the eighth time interval (928) can be used to drive the polarity inversion of each of the first pixels to reduce image sticking.

[0300] Referring to example (911), within the first time interval (931), the display driver IC (113) may apply a sixth data voltage for the first color (e.g., R color) of the third image to each of the first pixels. For example, the voltage level of the sixth data voltage may have a level that is higher by a magnitude (945) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (919). Additionally, within the first time interval (931), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the second voltage level to each of the first pixels. For example, when the sixth data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the first pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the first pixels may correspond to the difference between a magnitude (952) and a magnitude (945). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the first pixels corresponding to the difference between size (952) and size (945) can be used to change the arrangement of each of the first pixels' liquid crystal elements to express the first color of the third image.

[0301] Referring to example (911), within the fourth time interval (934), the display driver IC (113) may apply a seventh data voltage to each of the first pixels. For example, the seventh data voltage may have a voltage level different from the voltage level of the reference data voltage for expressing the lowest grayscale level. For example, the voltage level of the seventh data voltage may have a level lower by a magnitude (947) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (919). For example, within the fourth time interval (934), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from performing light emission, unlike other time intervals (e.g., the first time interval (931), the second time interval (932)) where light emission of the second frame (914) is performed. In other words, the display driver IC (113) can perform scanning during light emission and scanning within the fourth time interval (934), unlike the first time interval (931) in which both light emission and scanning are performed. For example, the fourth time interval (934) can perform scanning (or, applying a data voltage) unlike the time interval (e.g., third time interval (933)) between time intervals in which both light emission and scanning are performed (e.g., first time interval (931) and second time interval (932)). For example, the seventh data voltage applied within the fourth time interval (934) can be used to drive the polarity inversion of each of the first pixels to reduce image sticking.

[0303] Referring to example (912), a line (915) representing the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) applied to each of the second pixels and a line (916) representing the voltage level of the data voltage (Vdata) applied to each of the second pixels are shown. For example, lines (915) and (916) may be defined with respect to a reference line (919). For example, the reference line (919) may represent a reference level (e.g., reference level (280) in FIG. 2b) determined based on the kickback voltage of the transistor.

[0304] Referring to example (912), within the first frame (913), the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) may be the first voltage level. Within the second frame (914), the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) may be the second voltage level.

[0305] Referring to example (912), the display driver IC (113) may apply a reference data voltage to each of the second pixels within the first time interval (921), second time interval (922), third time interval (923), fourth time interval (924), fifth time interval (925), sixth time interval (926), and seventh time interval (927) of the first frame (913). By example, without limitation, the reference data voltage may be a data voltage for a color (e.g., black) to represent the lowest grayscale level. For example, the voltage level of the reference data voltage may have a level lower by a magnitude (961) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (919). Additionally, within the first time interval (921), second time interval (922), third time interval (923), fourth time interval (924), fifth time interval (925), sixth time interval (926), and seventh time interval (927) of the first frame (913), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the second pixels. For example, when the reference data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the second pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels may correspond to the difference (966) between the size (951) and the size (961). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of each of the liquid crystal elements of the second pixels corresponding to the difference (966) between the size (951) and the size (961) may be used to change the arrangement of each of the liquid crystal elements of the second pixels so as not to transmit light emitted with respect to the second pixels (or to interrupt or prevent it from being transmitted).Depending on the modified arrangement of the liquid crystal elements of the second pixels, an image may not be displayed through the second pixels from outside the electronic device (101) (or LCoS panel (115)).

[0306] Referring to example (912), within the eighth time interval (928), the display driver IC (113) may apply the fifth data voltage to each of the second pixels. For example, the fifth data voltage may have a voltage level different from the voltage level of the reference data voltage. For example, within the eighth time interval (928), the display driver IC (113) may refrain from performing light emission, unlike other time intervals (e.g., first time interval (921), second time interval (922)) in which light emission of the first frame (913) is performed. In other words, the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan during light emission and a scan within the eighth time interval (928), unlike the first time interval (921) in which light emission and a scan are performed. For example, the fifth data voltage applied within the eighth time interval (928) can be used to drive the polarity inversion of each of the second pixels to reduce image sticking.

[0307] Referring to example (912), within the first time interval (931), the display driver IC (113) may apply the reference data voltage to each of the second pixels within the first time interval (931), the second time interval (932), and the third time interval (933) of the second frame (914). For example, the voltage level of the reference data voltage may have a height that is lower by a magnitude (962) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (919). Additionally, within the first time interval (931), the second time interval (932), and the third time interval (933) of the second frame (914), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the second voltage level to each of the second pixels. For example, the second voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) may have a lower level than the voltage level of the reference data voltage. For example, when the reference data voltage and the common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the second pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels may correspond to the difference (967) between the size (952) and the size (962). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels corresponding to the difference (967) between the size (952) and the size (962) may be used to change the arrangement of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels so as not to transmit light emitted with respect to the second pixels (or to interrupt or prevent light from being transmitted). Depending on the changed arrangement of the liquid crystal elements of the second pixels, an image may be seen not being displayed through the second pixels from outside the electronic device (101) (or LCoS panel (115)).

[0308] Referring to example (912), within the fourth time interval (934), the display driver IC (113) may apply the seventh data voltage to each of the second pixels. For example, the display driver IC (113) may refrain from performing light emission within the fourth time interval (934), unlike other time intervals (e.g., the first time interval (931), the second time interval (932)) in which light emission of the second frame (914) is performed. In other words, the display driver IC (113) may perform a scan during light emission and a scan within the fourth time interval (934), unlike the first time interval (931) in which light emission and a scan are performed. For example, the fourth time interval (934) can perform a scan (or apply a data voltage), unlike the time interval (e.g., third time interval (933)) between the time intervals that perform light emission (e.g., first time interval (931) and second time interval (932)). For example, the seventh data voltage applied within the fourth time interval (934) can be used to drive the polarity inversion of each of the second pixels to reduce image sticking.

[0310] Referring to the example (902) of FIG. 9b, an example (911-1) showing the driving of first pixels corresponding to an area where an image is to be displayed and an example (912-1) showing the driving of second pixels corresponding to a different area different from said area are illustrated.

[0311] Referring to examples (911-1) and (912-1), the first frame (963) may include a plurality of time intervals. For example, the plurality of time intervals of the first frame (963) may include a first time interval (971), a second time interval (972), a third time interval (973), a fourth time interval (974), a fifth time interval (975), a sixth time interval (976), a seventh time interval (977), and an eighth time interval (978). The second frame (964) may include a plurality of time intervals. For example, the plurality of time intervals of the second frame (964) may include a fourth time interval (984) and an eighth time interval (988). In FIG. 9b, unlike FIG. 2b, two scans (or, emission) for each of the colors of the image (e.g., first color, second color, and third color) are shown to be performed within a single frame, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the first frame (963) (or the second frame (964)) of FIG. 9b may include a time interval for one scan (or, emission) for each of the colors of the image (e.g., first color, second color, and third color). For example, the length of the first frame (963) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the second frame (964). For example, the length of the first frame (963) (or the second frame (964)) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the frame (259-1) (or frame (259-2)) of FIG. 2b.

[0312] In FIG. 9b, one frame may include emission-off time intervals (emission off, O). For example, the first frame (963) may include a sixth time interval (976) and an eighth time interval (978) during which emission is avoided. For example, the second frame (964) may include a fourth time interval (984) and an eighth time interval (988) during which emission is avoided. Since the first frame (963) further includes the sixth time interval (976) and the eighth time interval (978), the length of the first time interval (971) of the first frame (963) may be shorter than the length of the first time interval (421) of the first frame (413) of FIG. 4a. Additionally, the length of the first time interval (971) of the first frame (963) may be shorter than the length of the first time interval (921) of the first frame (913) of FIG. 9a.

[0313] In the following, for convenience of explanation, the time intervals of each frame are described as time intervals for applying a data voltage, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. As described in FIG. 2b, each time interval may be a time interval for scanning to apply a data voltage, or a time interval for emitting light to provide a light emission signal.

[0314] Referring to Example (911-1), a line (915) representing the voltage level of a common voltage (Vcom) applied to each of the first pixels, a line (916) representing the voltage level of a data voltage (Vdata) applied to each of the first pixels, and a reference line (919) are shown. The description of the line (915), line (916), and reference line (919) can be substantially applied in the same way as the description of the line (315), line (316), and reference line (319) of Example (312) in FIG. 3b.

[0315] Referring to example (911-1), within the first time interval (971), the display driver IC (113) may apply a first data voltage for the first color (e.g., R color) of the first image to each of the first pixels. The specific details for the first time interval (971) may be substantially the same as the first time interval (921) of FIG. 9a.

[0316] Referring to example (911-1), within the second time interval (972), the display driver IC (113) may apply a second data voltage for the second color (e.g., G color) of the first image to each of the first pixels. The specific details for the second time interval (972) may be substantially the same as the second time interval (922) of FIG. 9a.

[0317] Referring to Example (911-1), within the third time interval (973) between the first time interval (971) and the second time interval (972), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. The display driver IC (113) may refrain from applying a reference voltage (Vref) to each of the first pixels within the third time interval (973). The specific details regarding the third time interval (973) may be substantially the same as the third time interval (923) of FIG. 9a.

[0318] Referring to example (911-1), within the fourth time interval (974), the display driver IC (113) may apply a third data voltage for the third color (e.g., color B) of the first image to each of the first pixels. The specific details for the fourth time interval (974) may be substantially the same as the fourth time interval (924) of FIG. 9a.

[0319] Referring to Example (911-1), within the fifth time interval (975) between the second time interval (972) and the fourth time interval (974), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. The display driver IC (113) may refrain from applying a reference voltage (Vref) to each of the first pixels within the fifth time interval (975). The specific details regarding the fifth time interval (975) may be substantially the same as the fifth time interval (925) of FIG. 9a.

[0320] Referring to Example (911-1), within the sixth time interval (976), the display driver IC (113) may apply a fourth data voltage to each of the first pixels. For example, the fourth data voltage may have a voltage level different from the voltage level of the reference data voltage for expressing the lowest grayscale level. For example, instead of being used to express the color of the image, the fourth data voltage may be used to drive the polarity inversion of each of the first pixels to reduce image sticking.

[0321] Referring to Example (911-1), within the seventh time interval (977) between the fourth time interval (974) and the sixth time interval (976), the display driver IC (113) may apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the first pixels. The display driver IC (113) may refrain from applying a reference voltage (Vref) to each of the first pixels within the seventh time interval (977). The specific details regarding the seventh time interval (977) may be substantially the same as the seventh time interval (927) of FIG. 9a.

[0322] Referring to example (911-1), within the eighth time interval (978), the display driver IC (113) can apply the fourth data voltage to each of the first pixels.

[0323] Referring to Example (911-1), within the fourth time interval (984) and the eighth time interval (988) of the second frame (964), the display driver IC (113) may apply a fifth data voltage to each of the first pixels. For example, the fifth data voltage may have a voltage level different from the voltage level of the reference data voltage for expressing the lowest grayscale level. For example, the fifth data voltage may be used to drive the polarity inversion of each of the first pixels to reduce image sticking, instead of being used to express the color of the image. For example, the polarity of the fifth data voltage may be different from the polarity of the fourth data voltage. This is because the first voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) applied in the first frame (963) and the second voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) applied in the second frame (964) have different polarities.

[0325] Referring to Example (912-1), a line (915) representing the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) applied to each of the second pixels and a line (916) representing the voltage level of the data voltage (Vdata) applied to each of the second pixels are shown. For example, lines (915) and (916) may be defined with respect to a reference line (919). For example, the reference line (919) may represent a reference level (e.g., reference level (280) in FIG. 2b) determined based on the kickback voltage of the transistor.

[0326] Referring to Example (912-1), within the first frame (963), the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) may be the first voltage level. Within the second frame (964), the voltage level of the common voltage (Vcom) may be the second voltage level.

[0327] Referring to Example (912-1), the display driver IC (113) may apply a reference data voltage to each of the second pixels within the first time interval (971), second time interval (972), third time interval (973), fourth time interval (974), fifth time interval (975), and seventh time interval (977) of the first frame (963). By example, without limitation, the reference data voltage may be a data voltage for a color (e.g., black) to represent the lowest grayscale level. Specific details regarding the first time interval (971), second time interval (972), third time interval (973), fourth time interval (974), fifth time interval (975), and seventh time interval (977) of Example (912-1) may be substantially the same as the description of the first time interval (921) of Example (912) of FIG. 9a.

[0328] Referring to Example (912-1), within the sixth time interval (976), the display driver IC (113) may apply the fourth data voltage to each of the second pixels. For example, the fourth data voltage may have a voltage level different from the voltage level of the reference data voltage for expressing the lowest grayscale level. For example, the voltage level of the fourth data voltage may have a level that is higher by a magnitude (996) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (919). For example, the fourth data voltage may be used to drive the polarity inversion of each of the first pixels to reduce image sticking, instead of being used to express the color of the image. Referring to Example (912-1), within the eighth time interval (978), the display driver IC (113) may apply the fourth data voltage to each of the second pixels.

[0329] Referring to example (912-1), within the fourth time interval (984) and the eighth time interval (988) of the second frame (964), the display driver IC (113) may apply the fifth data voltage to each of the second pixels. For example, the voltage level of the fifth data voltage may have a level lower by a magnitude (997) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (919).

[0330] Unlike the example (901) of FIG. 9a, the example (902) of FIG. 9b may include a plurality of time intervals in which light emission is withheld and a data voltage is applied (e.g., the 6th time interval (974) and the 8th time interval (978) of the 1st frame (963), the 4th time interval (984) and the 8th time interval (988) of the 2nd frame (964)). Additionally, in the example (902) of FIG. 9b, unlike the example (901) of FIG. 9a, a time interval in which light emission is withheld and a data voltage is applied may be positioned between time intervals in which a data voltage for the color of the image is applied.

[0331] Additionally, in the example (901) of FIG. 9a and the example (902) of FIG. 9b, the length of the time interval for applying the data voltage for the color of the image (e.g., the first time interval (921) or the first time interval (971)) is depicted as being the same as the length of the time interval for applying the data voltage while refraining from light emission (e.g., the eighth time interval (928) or the eighth time interval (978)), but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the length of the time interval for applying the data voltage for the color of the image (e.g., the first time interval (921) or the first time interval (971)) may be different from the length of the time interval for applying the data voltage while refraining from light emission (e.g., the eighth time interval (928) or the eighth time interval (978)). In other words, the position or length of the time interval for applying the data voltage while refraining from light emission within the frame may be changed.

[0333] FIG. 10a illustrates a method for adjusting a data voltage that expresses a specific range of grayscale levels for second pixels corresponding to a different area different from the area where the image is to be displayed.

[0334] FIG. 10a illustrates a graph (1001) representing the magnitude of a data voltage according to a grayscale level defined for first pixels corresponding to an area (302-1) for displaying an image (301) within the display area (302) of FIG. 3a. FIG. 10a illustrates a graph (1002) representing the voltage level of a data voltage according to a grayscale level defined for second pixels corresponding to an area (302-2) within the display area (302). For example, the horizontal axis of each graph (1001) and graph (1002) may represent the grayscale level, and the vertical axis of each graph (1001) and graph (1002) may represent the voltage level of the data voltage.

[0335] Referring to the graph (1001), the voltage level of the data voltage may be proportional to the grayscale level within the grayscale level range (1001-1). For example, the voltage level of the data voltage may increase as the grayscale level increases within the range (1001-1).

[0336] Alternatively, referring to graph (1002), the voltage level of the data voltage may be partially maintained within the range of grayscale levels (1002-1) and partially proportional within the range of grayscale levels (1002-2). For example, the range (1002-1) and the range (1002-2) may correspond to (or be identical to) the range (1001-1). For example, the voltage level of the data voltage may be maintained within the range (1002-1). For example, the voltage level of the data voltage may be maintained at the voltage level (1002-3) within the range (1002-1). Or, for example, the voltage level of the data voltage may be proportional to the grayscale level within the range (1002-2). For example, the voltage level of the data voltage may increase as the grayscale level increases within the range (1002-2).

[0337] Referring to graph (1002), within a range of grayscale levels (1002-1), the voltage level of the data voltage may be maintained at a specific voltage level (e.g., voltage level (1002-3)) that is different from the voltage level for expressing the lowest grayscale level. In other words, the electronic device (101) (or, display driver IC (113)) may apply the data voltage of the specific voltage level instead of applying the reference data voltage of the voltage level for expressing the lowest grayscale level to each of the second pixels corresponding to the area (302-2) that does not display an image. As a non-limiting example, the range (1002-1) may include 1G (grayscale) to 5G. As a non-limiting example, the lowest grayscale level may be 0G.

[0339] FIG. 10b illustrates the driving of first pixels and the driving of second pixels to which an adjusted data voltage representing a specific range of grayscale levels is applied in order to reduce image sticking.

[0340] Referring to FIG. 10b, an example (311) showing the driving of first pixels corresponding to an area (302-1) where the image (301) of FIG. 3a is to be displayed, and an example (1012) showing the driving of second pixels corresponding to an area (302-2) are illustrated.

[0341] Referring to examples (311) and (1012), the first frame (313) may include a plurality of time intervals. For example, the plurality of time intervals of the first frame (313) may include a first time interval (321), a second time interval (322), a third time interval (323), a fourth time interval (324), a fifth time interval (325), a sixth time interval (326), and a seventh time interval (327). The second frame (314) may include a plurality of time intervals. For example, the plurality of time intervals of the second frame (314) may include a first time interval (331), a second time interval (332), and a third time interval (333). In FIG. 10b, unlike FIG. 2b, two scans (or, emission) for each of the colors of the image (e.g., first color, second color, and third color) are shown to be performed within a single frame, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the first frame (313) (or the second frame (314)) of FIG. 10b may include a time interval for one scan (or, emission) for each of the colors of the image (e.g., first color, second color, and third color). For example, the length of the first frame (313) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the second frame (314). For example, the length of the first frame (313) (or the second frame (314)) may correspond to (or be the same as) the length of the frame (259-1) (or frame (259-2)) of FIG. 2b.

[0342] In the following, for convenience of explanation, the time intervals of each frame are described as time intervals for applying a data voltage, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. As described in FIG. 2b, each time interval may be a time interval for scanning to apply a data voltage, or a time interval for emitting light to provide a light emission signal.

[0343] The description of the example (311) in FIG. 10b may be substantially the same as the description of the example (311) in FIG. 3a. Redundant descriptions are omitted below.

[0344] Referring to example (1012), a line (315) indicating the voltage level of a common voltage (Vcom) applied to each of the second pixels, a line (316) indicating the voltage level of a data voltage (Vdata) applied to each of the second pixels, and a reference line (319) are shown. The description of the line (315), line (316), and reference line (319) in example (1012) of FIG. 10b may be substantially the same as the description of the line (315), line (316), and reference line (319) in example (312) of FIG. 3b.

[0345] Referring to example (1012), the display driver IC (113) may apply an adjusted data voltage to each of the second pixels within the first frame (313). For example, the adjusted data voltage may have a voltage level higher than the voltage level of the reference data voltage for expressing the lowest grayscale level. For example, the display driver IC (113) may apply the adjusted data voltage to each of the second pixels within each of the first time interval (321), the second time interval (322), the third time interval (323), the fourth time interval (324), the fifth time interval (325), the sixth time interval (326), and the seventh time interval (327). For example, with respect to the first frame (313), the voltage level of the adjusted data voltage may have a level lower by a magnitude (1061) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (319). Additionally, the display driver IC (113) can apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the first voltage level to each of the second pixels within the first frame (313).

[0346] In relation to the first frame (313), for example, when the adjusted data voltage and common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the second pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels may correspond to the difference (1066) between the size (351) and the size (1061). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels corresponding to the difference (1066) between the size (351) and the size (1061) may be used to change the arrangement of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels so as not to transmit light emitted with respect to the second pixels (or to interrupt it).

[0347] Comparing FIG. 10b and FIG. 3b, the difference (1066) may be greater than the difference (366) in FIG. 3b. For example, the adjusted data voltage may be adjusted to have a voltage level (1002-3) according to the graph (1002) in FIG. 10a. Accordingly, the voltage level of the adjusted data voltage may be higher than the voltage level of the reference data voltage for expressing the lowest grayscale level (e.g., 0G). Thus, the difference (1066) may be greater than the difference (366).

[0348] In FIG. 10b, the display driver IC (113) is described as applying the adjusted data voltage to each of the second pixels, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the display driver IC (113) may apply an adjusted reference voltage to each of the second pixels instead of a data voltage. For example, the adjusted reference voltage may be adjusted to have a voltage level (1002-3) according to the graph (1002) of FIG. 10a. For example, the adjusted reference voltage may be substantially the same as (or correspond to) the adjusted data voltage. For example, the display driver IC (113) may apply the adjusted data voltage to each of the second pixels within each of the first time interval (321), the second time interval (322), the fourth time interval (324), and the sixth time interval (326). Additionally, for example, the display driver IC (113) can apply the adjusted reference voltage to each of the second pixels within each of the third time interval (323), the fifth time interval (325), and the seventh time interval (327).

[0349] Referring to example (1012), the display driver IC (113) may apply an adjusted data voltage to each of the second pixels within the second frame (314). For example, the adjusted data voltage may have a voltage level lower than the voltage level of the reference data voltage for expressing the lowest grayscale level. For example, the display driver IC (113) may apply the adjusted data voltage to each of the second pixels within each of the first time interval (331), the second time interval (332), and the third time interval (333). For example, with respect to the second frame (314), the voltage level of the adjusted data voltage may have a level higher by a magnitude (1062) from the reference level indicated by the reference line (319). Additionally, the display driver IC (113) can apply a common voltage (Vcom) having the second voltage level to each of the second pixels within the second frame (314).

[0350] In relation to the second frame (314), for example, when the adjusted data voltage and common voltage (Vcom) are applied to each of the second pixels, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels may correspond to the difference (1067) between the size (352) and the size (1062). For example, the difference between the voltage levels of the electrodes of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels corresponding to the difference (1067) between the size (352) and the size (1062) may be used to change the arrangement of the liquid crystal elements of each of the second pixels so as not to transmit light emitted with respect to the second pixels (or to interrupt it).

[0352] FIG. 10c illustrates a method for adjusting a data voltage representing a specific range of grayscale levels for first pixels corresponding to an area where an image is to be displayed, and a data voltage representing a specific range of grayscale levels for second pixels corresponding to another area different from the area where an image is to be displayed.

[0353] FIG. 10c illustrates a graph (1071) representing the magnitude of a data voltage according to a grayscale level defined for first pixels corresponding to an area (302-1) for displaying an image (301) within the display area (302) of FIG. 3a. FIG. 10c illustrates a graph (1072) representing the voltage level of a data voltage according to a grayscale level defined for second pixels corresponding to an area (302-2) within the display area (302). For example, the horizontal axis of each of the graph (1071) and the graph (1072) may represent the grayscale level, and the vertical axis of each of the graph (1071) and the graph (1072) may represent the voltage level of the data voltage.

[0354] Referring to graph (1071), the voltage level of the data voltage may be partially maintained within the range of grayscale levels (1071-1) and partially proportional within the range of grayscale levels (1071-2). For example, the range (1071-1) and the range (1071-2) may correspond to (or be identical to) the range (1001-1) of FIG. 10a. For example, the voltage level of the data voltage may be maintained within the range (1071-1). For example, the voltage level of the data voltage may be maintained at voltage level (1071-3) within the range (1071-1). Or, for example, the voltage level of the data voltage may be proportional to the grayscale level within the range (1071-2). For example, the voltage level of the data voltage may increase as the grayscale level increases within the range (1071-2).

[0355] Additionally, referring to graph (1072), the voltage level of the data voltage may be partially maintained within the range of grayscale levels (1072-1) and partially proportional within the range of grayscale levels (1072-2). For example, the range (1072-1) and the range (1072-2) may correspond to (or be identical to) the range (1001-1) of FIG. 10a. For example, the voltage level of the data voltage may be maintained within the range (1072-1). For example, the voltage level of the data voltage may be maintained at the voltage level (1072-3) within the range (1072-1). As a non-limiting example, the voltage level (1072-3) may correspond to (or be identical to) the voltage level (1071-3). However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Alternatively, for example, the voltage level of the data voltage may be proportional to the grayscale level within the range (1072-2). For example, the voltage level of the data voltage may increase as the grayscale level increases within the range (1072-2).

[0356] Referring to FIG. 10c, unlike FIG. 10a, within a range of grayscale levels (1071-1) (or range (1072-1)), the voltage level of the data voltage may be maintained at a specific voltage level (e.g., voltage level (1071-3) or voltage level (1072-3)) that is different from the voltage level for expressing the lowest grayscale level. In other words, the electronic device (101) (or, display driver IC (113)) may apply the data voltage of the specific voltage level instead of applying the reference data voltage of the voltage level for expressing the lowest grayscale level to each of the first pixels and each of the second pixels corresponding to the display area (302). As a non-limiting example, ranges (1072-1) and (1072-2) may include 1G (grayscale) to 5G. As a non-limiting example, the lowest grayscale level may be 0G.

[0358] Referring to FIGS. 1a through 10c, the present disclosure can reduce image sticking (or afterimage) that may occur when said pixels are used for image display by applying a reference voltage to pixels that are not used for image display (and / or pixels used for image display) during time intervals between emitting time intervals. Alternatively, for example, the present disclosure can reduce image sticking (or afterimage) by applying an adjusted data voltage (or an adjusted reference voltage) to pixels that are not used for image display (and / or pixels used for image display). As described above, the present disclosure can improve the usability of an electronic device (101) (e.g., an AR device or a VR device) including an LCoS panel (115) by reducing image sticking that may occur in the LCoS panel (115).

[0359] The effects obtainable from the present disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs from the description below.

[0361] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an electronic device in a network environment according to various embodiments.

[0362] Referring to FIG. 11, in a network environment (1100), an electronic device (1101) may communicate with an electronic device (1102) through a first network (1198) (e.g., a short-range wireless communication network) or with at least one of an electronic device (1104) or a server (1108) through a second network (1199) (e.g., a long-range wireless communication network). According to one embodiment, the electronic device (1101) may communicate with the electronic device (1104) through a server (1108). According to one embodiment, the electronic device (1101) may include a processor (1120), memory (1130), input module (1150), sound output module (1155), display module (1160), audio module (1170), sensor module (1176), interface (1177), connection terminal (1178), haptic module (1179), camera module (1180), power management module (1188), battery (1189), communication module (1190), subscriber identification module (1196), or antenna module (1197). In some embodiments, at least one of these components (e.g., connection terminal (1178)) may be omitted from the electronic device (1101), or one or more other components may be added. In some embodiments, some of these components (e.g., sensor module (1176), camera module (1180), or antenna module (1197)) may be integrated into a single component (e.g., display module (1160)).

[0363] The processor (1120) can, for example, execute software (e.g., program (1140)) to control at least one other component (e.g., hardware or software component) of the electronic device (1101) connected to the processor (1120) and perform various data processing or operations. According to one embodiment, as at least part of the data processing or operations, the processor (1120) can store commands or data received from other components (e.g., sensor module (1176) or communication module (1190)) in volatile memory (1132), process the commands or data stored in volatile memory (1132), and store the resulting data in non-volatile memory (1134). According to one embodiment, the processor (1120) may include a main processor (1121) (e.g., a central processing unit or an application processor) or an auxiliary processor (1123) that can operate independently or together with it (e.g., a graphics processing unit, a neural processing unit (NPU), an image signal processor, a sensor hub processor, or a communication processor). For example, if the electronic device (1101) includes a main processor (1121) and an auxiliary processor (1123), the auxiliary processor (1123) may be configured to use less power than the main processor (1121) or to be specialized for a designated function. The auxiliary processor (1123) may be implemented separately from the main processor (1121) or as part thereof.

[0364] The auxiliary processor (1123) may control at least some of the functions or states associated with at least one component of the electronic device (1101) (e.g., display module (1160), sensor module (1176), or communication module (1190)) on behalf of the main processor (1121) while the main processor (1121) is in an inactive (e.g., sleep) state, or together with the main processor (1121) while the main processor (1121) is in an active (e.g., application execution) state. According to one embodiment, the auxiliary processor (1123) (e.g., image signal processor or communication processor) may be implemented as part of another functionally related component (e.g., camera module (1180) or communication module (1190)). According to one embodiment, the auxiliary processor (1123) (e.g., neural network processing unit) may include a hardware structure specialized for processing an artificial intelligence model. The artificial intelligence model may be generated through machine learning. Such learning may be performed, for example, on the electronic device (1101) itself where the artificial intelligence model is executed, or through a separate server (e.g., server (1108)). The learning algorithm may include, for example, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, or reinforcement learning, but is not limited to the examples described above. The artificial intelligence model may include a plurality of artificial neural network layers.An artificial neural network may be a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), a deep belief network (DBN), a bidirectional recurrent deep neural network (BRDNN), a deep Q-network, or a combination of two or more of the above, but is not limited to the examples described above. In addition to the hardware structure, the artificial intelligence model may include a software structure, either additionally or substantially.

[0365] The memory (1130) can store various data used by at least one component of the electronic device (1101) (e.g., processor (1120) or sensor module (1176)). The data may include, for example, software (e.g., program (1140)) and input or output data for related commands. The memory (1130) may include volatile memory (1132) or non-volatile memory (1134).

[0366] The program (1140) may be stored as software in memory (1130) and may include, for example, an operating system (1142), middleware (1144), or an application (1146).

[0367] The input module (1150) can receive commands or data to be used for a component of the electronic device (1101) (e.g., processor (1120)) from outside the electronic device (1101) (e.g., user). The input module (1150) may include, for example, a microphone, a mouse, a keyboard, a key (e.g., a button), or a digital pen (e.g., a stylus pen).

[0368] The sound output module (1155) can output a sound signal to the outside of the electronic device (1101). The sound output module (1155) may include, for example, a speaker or a receiver. The speaker may be used for general purposes, such as multimedia playback or recording playback. The receiver may be used to receive incoming calls. According to one embodiment, the receiver may be implemented separately from the speaker or as part thereof.

[0369] The display module (1160) can visually provide information to an external (e.g., user) of the electronic device (1101). The display module (1160) may include, for example, a display, a holographic device, or a projector and a control circuit for controlling said device. According to one embodiment, the display module (1160) may include a touch sensor configured to detect a touch, or a pressure sensor configured to measure the intensity of the force generated by said touch.

[0370] The audio module (1170) can convert sound into an electrical signal or, conversely, convert an electrical signal into sound. According to one embodiment, the audio module (1170) can acquire sound through the input module (1150) or output sound through the sound output module (1155) or an external electronic device (e.g., electronic device (1102)) (e.g., speaker or headphones) connected directly or wirelessly to the electronic device (1101).

[0371] The sensor module (1176) can detect the operating state of the electronic device (1101) (e.g., power or temperature) or the external environmental state (e.g., user state) and generate an electrical signal or data value corresponding to the detected state. According to one embodiment, the sensor module (1176) may include, for example, a gesture sensor, a gyroscope sensor, a barometric pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an accelerometer sensor, a grip sensor, a proximity sensor, a color sensor, an IR (infrared) sensor, a biosensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or an illuminance sensor.

[0372] The interface (1177) may support one or more specified protocols that can be used for the electronic device (1101) to be connected directly or wirelessly to an external electronic device (e.g., electronic device (1102)). According to one embodiment, the interface (1177) may include, for example, a high definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a universal serial bus (USB) interface, an SD card interface, or an audio interface.

[0373] The connection terminal (1178) may include a connector through which the electronic device (1101) can be physically connected to an external electronic device (e.g., electronic device (1102)). According to one embodiment, the connection terminal (1178) may include, for example, an HDMI connector, a USB connector, an SD card connector, or an audio connector (e.g., a headphone connector).

[0374] The haptic module (1179) can convert an electrical signal into a mechanical stimulus (e.g., vibration or movement) or an electrical stimulus that can be perceived by the user through tactile or kinesthetic senses. According to one embodiment, the haptic module (1179) may include, for example, a motor, a piezoelectric element, or an electric stimulation device.

[0375] The camera module (1180) can capture still images and video. According to one embodiment, the camera module (1180) may include one or more lenses, image sensors, image signal processors, or flashes.

[0376] The power management module (1188) can manage power supplied to the electronic device (1101). According to one embodiment, the power management module (1188) can be implemented, for example, as at least part of a power management integrated circuit (PMIC).

[0377] The battery (1189) can supply power to at least one component of the electronic device (1101). According to one embodiment, the battery (1189) may include, for example, a non-rechargeable primary battery, a rechargeable secondary battery, or a fuel cell.

[0378] The communication module (1190) can support the establishment of a direct (e.g., wired) communication channel or a wireless communication channel between an electronic device (1101) and an external electronic device (e.g., electronic device (1102), electronic device (1104), or server (1108)), and the performance of communication through the established communication channel. The communication module (1190) may include one or more communication processors that operate independently of the processor (1120) (e.g., application processor) and support direct (e.g., wired) communication or wireless communication. According to one embodiment, the communication module (1190) may include a wireless communication module (1192) (e.g., cellular communication module, short-range wireless communication module, or GNSS (global navigation satellite system) communication module) or a wired communication module (1194) (e.g., LAN (local area network) communication module, or power line communication module). The corresponding communication module among these communication modules can communicate with an external electronic device (1104) through a first network (1198) (e.g., a short-range communication network such as Bluetooth, WiFi (wireless fidelity) direct, or IrDA (infrared data association)) or a second network (1199) (e.g., a legacy cellular network, a 5G network, a next-generation communication network, the Internet, or a computer network (e.g., a LAN or WAN)). These various types of communication modules may be integrated into a single component (e.g., a single chip) or implemented as multiple separate components (e.g., multiple chips). The wireless communication module (1192) can identify or authenticate the electronic device (1101) within a communication network such as the first network (1198) or the second network (1199) using subscriber information (e.g., International Mobile Subscriber Identifier (IMSI)) stored in the subscriber identification module (1196).

[0379] The wireless communication module (1192) can support 5G networks and next-generation communication technologies following 4G networks, for example, new radio access technology. NR access technology can support high-speed transmission of high-capacity data (enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)), minimization of terminal power and connection of multiple terminals (massive machine type communications (mMTC)), or high reliability and low latency (ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC)). The wireless communication module (1192) can support a high-frequency band (e.g., mmWave band) to achieve a high data transmission rate, for example. The wireless communication module (1192) can support various technologies for securing performance in the high-frequency band, such as beamforming, massive MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output), full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, analog beam-forming, or large-scale antenna. The wireless communication module (1192) can support various requirements specified in the electronic device (1101), external electronic device (e.g., electronic device (1104)), or network system (e.g., second network (1199)). According to one embodiment, the wireless communication module (1192) may support a Peak data rate (e.g., 20 Gbps or more) for eMBB realization, loss coverage (e.g., 164 dB or less) for mMTC realization, or U-plane latency (e.g., downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) each 0.5 ms or less, or round trip 1 ms or less) for URLLC realization.

[0380] An antenna module (1197) can transmit a signal or power to or from an external source (e.g., an external electronic device). According to one embodiment, the antenna module (1197) may include an antenna comprising a radiator made of a conductor or a conductive pattern formed on a substrate (e.g., a PCB). According to one embodiment, the antenna module (1197) may include a plurality of antennas (e.g., an array antenna). In this case, at least one antenna suitable for a communication method used in a communication network, such as a first network (1198) or a second network (1199), may be selected from the plurality of antennas, for example, by a communication module (1190). A signal or power may be transmitted or received between the communication module (1190) and an external electronic device through the selected at least one antenna. According to some embodiments, in addition to the radiator, other components (e.g., a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC)) may be additionally formed as part of the antenna module (1197).

[0381] According to various embodiments, the antenna module (1197) may form a mmWave antenna module. According to one embodiment, the mmWave antenna module may include a printed circuit board, an RFIC disposed on or adjacent to a first surface (e.g., bottom surface) of the printed circuit board and capable of supporting a specified high frequency band (e.g., mmWave band), and a plurality of antennas (e.g., array antennas) disposed on or adjacent to a second surface (e.g., top surface or side surface) of the printed circuit board and capable of transmitting or receiving a signal of the specified high frequency band.

[0382] At least some of the above components can be connected to each other via a communication method between peripheral devices (e.g., bus, GPIO (general purpose input and output), SPI (serial peripheral interface), or MIPI (mobile industry processor interface)) and exchange signals (e.g., commands or data) with each other.

[0383] According to one embodiment, commands or data may be transmitted or received between the electronic device (1101) and an external electronic device (1104) through a server (1108) connected to a second network (1199). Each of the external electronic devices (1102, or 1104) may be the same or a different type of device as the electronic device (1101). According to one embodiment, all or part of the operations performed on the electronic device (1101) may be performed on one or more of the external electronic devices (1102, 1104, or 1108). For example, if the electronic device (1101) needs to perform a function or service automatically or in response to a request from a user or another device, the electronic device (1101) may request one or more external electronic devices to perform at least part of the function or service instead of performing the function or service itself or additionally. One or more external electronic devices that receive the above request may execute at least part of the requested function or service, or additional function or service related to the request, and transmit the result of the execution to the electronic device (1101). The electronic device (1101) may provide the result as is or additionally processed as at least part of the response to the request. For this purpose, for example, cloud computing, distributed computing, mobile edge computing (MEC), or client-server computing technology may be used. The electronic device (1101) may provide ultra-low latency services using, for example, distributed computing or mobile edge computing. In one embodiment, the external electronic device (1104) may include an Internet of Things (IoT) device. The server (1108) may be an intelligent server using machine learning and / or neural networks.According to one embodiment, an external electronic device (1104) or server (1108) may be included within the second network (1199). The electronic device (1101) may be applied to intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart city, smart car, or healthcare) based on 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology.

[0384] For example, an external electronic device (1102) renders content data executed in an application and transmits it to an electronic device (1101), and the electronic device (1101) that receives the data can output the content data to a display module. If the electronic device (1101) detects user movement through an IMU sensor, etc., the processor (1120) of the electronic device (1101) can correct the rendering data received from the external electronic device (1102) based on the movement information and output it to a display module (1160). Alternatively, the external electronic device (1102) can transmit the movement information to request rendering so that screen data is updated accordingly. Depending on various embodiments, the external electronic device (1102) may be a device of various forms, such as a case device capable of storing and charging a smartphone or an electronic device (1101) (e.g., the electronic device (101) of FIG. 1a).

[0386] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a display module according to various embodiments.

[0387] Referring to FIG. 12, the display module (1160) may include a display panel (1210) and a display driver IC (DDI) (1230) (or a display driving circuit (1230)) for controlling the display panel. The DDI (1230) may include an interface module (1231), a memory (1233) (e.g., a buffer memory), an image processing module (1235), or a mapping module (1237). The DDI (1230) may receive image information, including, for example, image data or an image control signal corresponding to a command for controlling the image data, from another component of the electronic device (1101) through the interface module (1231). For example, according to one embodiment, image information may be received from a processor (1120) (e.g., main processor (1121) (e.g., application processor)) or an auxiliary processor (1123) (e.g., graphics processing unit) that operates independently of the functions of the main processor (1121). The DDI (1230) may communicate with the touch circuit (1250) or sensor module (1176), etc., through the interface module (1231). Additionally, the DDI (1230) may store at least a portion of the received image information in memory (1233), for example, in frame units. The image processing module (1235) may perform preprocessing or postprocessing (e.g., resolution, brightness, or size adjustment) on at least a portion of the image data based at least on the characteristics of the image data or the characteristics of the display panel (1210), for example. The mapping module (1237) may obtain voltage values ​​or current values ​​corresponding to the image data preprocessed or postprocessed through the image processing module (1235). It can be generated. According to one embodiment, the generation of a voltage value or a current value can be performed, for example, based at least in part on the properties of the pixels of the display panel (1210) (e.g., array of pixels (RGB stripe or pentile structure), or the size of each of the subpixels).At least some pixels of the display panel (1210) are driven, for example, based on at least some of the voltage value or current value, so that visual information (e.g., text, image, or icon) corresponding to the image data can be displayed through the display panel (1210).

[0388] According to one embodiment, the display module (1160) may further include a touch circuit (1250). The touch circuit (1250) may include a touch sensor (1251) and a touch sensor IC (1253) for controlling the same. The touch sensor IC (1253) may control the touch sensor (1251) to detect a touch input or hovering input for a specific location on the display panel (1210), for example. For example, the touch sensor IC (1253) may detect a touch input or hovering input by measuring a change in a signal (e.g., voltage, light intensity, resistance, or charge) for a specific location on the display panel (1210). The touch sensor IC (1253) may provide information regarding the detected touch input or hovering input (e.g., location, area, pressure, or time) to the processor (1120). According to one embodiment, at least a part of the touch circuit (1250) (e.g., touch sensor IC (1253)) may be included as part of the display driver IC (1230) or the display panel (1210), or as part of another component (e.g., auxiliary processor (1123)) placed outside the display module (1160).

[0389] According to one embodiment, the display module (1160) may further include at least one sensor (e.g., fingerprint sensor, iris sensor, pressure sensor, or light sensor) of the sensor module (1176) or a control circuit for the same. In this case, the at least one sensor or the control circuit for the same may be embedded in a part of the display module (1160) (e.g., display panel (1210) or DDI (1230)) or a part of the touch circuit (1250). For example, if the sensor module (1176) embedded in the display module (1160) includes a biometric sensor (e.g., fingerprint sensor), the biometric sensor may acquire biometric information (e.g., fingerprint image) associated with a touch input through a part of the display panel (1210). As another example, if the sensor module (1176) embedded in the display module (1160) includes a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor can obtain pressure information associated with a touch input through a part or the entire area of ​​the display panel (1210). According to one embodiment, the touch sensor (1251) or the sensor module (1176) may be placed between pixels of a pixel layer of the display panel (1210), or above or below the pixel layer.

[0391] FIG. 13a illustrates an example of a perspective view of a wearable device. FIG. 13b illustrates an example of one or more hardware components arranged within the wearable device.

[0392] According to one embodiment, the wearable device (103) may have the form of glasses that are wearable on a part of a user's body (e.g., head). The wearable device (103) of FIG. 13a and FIG. 13b may be an example of the electronic device (101) of FIG. 1a. The wearable device (103) may include a head-mounted display (HMD). For example, the housing of the wearable device (103) may include a flexible material such as rubber and / or silicone that has a shape that adheres to a part of the user's head (e.g., a part of the face covering both eyes). For example, the housing of the wearable device (103) may include one or more straps that can be twined around the user's head and / or one or more temples that are attachable to the ears of the head.

[0393] Referring to FIG. 13a, a wearable device (103) according to one embodiment may include at least one display (1350) and a frame (1300) supporting at least one display (1350).

[0394] According to one embodiment, a wearable device (103) may be worn on a part of a user's body. The wearable device (103) may provide augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), or mixed reality (MR) that combines augmented reality and virtual reality to a user wearing the wearable device (103). For example, the wearable device (103) may display a virtual reality image provided by at least one optical device (1382, 1384) of FIG. 13b on at least one display (1350) in response to a specified gesture of the user obtained through the motion recognition camera (1360-2, 1360-3) of FIG. 13b.

[0395] According to one embodiment, at least one display (1350) can provide visual information to a user. For example, at least one display (1350) may include a transparent or translucent lens. At least one display (1350) may include a first display (1350-1) and / or a second display (1350-2) spaced apart from the first display (1350-1). For example, the first display (1350-1) and the second display (1350-2) may be positioned at locations corresponding to the user's left eye and right eye, respectively.

[0396] Referring to FIG. 13b, at least one display (1350) may provide visual information transmitted from external light to a user through a lens included in at least one display (1350) and other visual information distinct from said visual information. The lens may be formed based on at least one of a Fresnel lens, a pancake lens, or a multi-channel lens. For example, at least one display (1350) may include a first surface (1331) and a second surface (1332) opposite to the first surface (1331). A display area may be formed on the second surface (1332) of at least one display (1350). When a user wears the wearable device (103), external light may be transmitted to the user by being incident on the first surface (1331) and transmitted through the second surface (1332). As another example, at least one display (1350) can display an augmented reality image combined with a virtual reality image provided by at least one optical device (1382, 1384) on a real image transmitted through external light in a display area formed on a second surface (1332).

[0397] In one embodiment, at least one display (1350) may include at least one waveguide (1333, 1334) that diffracts light emitted from at least one optical device (1382, 1384) and transmits it to a user. At least one waveguide (1333, 1334) may be formed based on at least one of glass, plastic, or polymer. A nano pattern may be formed on the exterior or at least a portion of the interior of at least one waveguide (1333, 1334). The nano pattern may be formed based on a polygonal and / or curved grating structure. Light incident on one end of at least one waveguide (1333, 1334) may be propagated to the other end of at least one waveguide (1333, 1334) by the nano pattern. At least one waveguide (1333, 1334) may include at least one diffractive element (e.g., DOE (diffractive optical element), HOE (holographic optical element)) and at least one reflective element (e.g., a reflective mirror). For example, at least one waveguide (1333, 1334) may be placed within a wearable device (103) to guide a screen displayed by at least one display (1350) to the user's eye. For example, the screen may be transmitted to the user's eye based on total internal reflection (TIR) ​​occurring within at least one waveguide (1333, 1334).

[0398] A wearable device (103) can analyze an object included in a real-world image collected through a camera (1360-4), combine a virtual object corresponding to an object among the analyzed objects that is the target of augmented reality provision, and display it on at least one display (1350). The virtual object may include at least one of text and an image regarding various information related to the object included in the real-world image. The wearable device (103) can analyze the object based on a multi-camera such as a stereo camera. For the object analysis, the wearable device (103) can perform spatial recognition (e.g., SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping)) using a multi-camera and / or time-of-flight (ToF). A user wearing the wearable device (103) can view the image displayed on at least one display (1350).

[0399] According to one embodiment, the frame (1300) may be formed as a physical structure that allows the wearable device (103) to be worn on the user's body. According to one embodiment, the frame (1300) may be configured so that when the user wears the wearable device (103), the first display (1350-1) and the second display (1350-2) can be positioned corresponding to the user's left and right eyes. The frame (1300) may support at least one display (1350). For example, the frame (1300) may support the first display (1350-1) and the second display (1350-2) so that they are positioned corresponding to the user's left and right eyes.

[0400] Referring to FIG. 13a, the frame (1300) may include an area (1320) in which at least a portion of the frame contacts a part of the user's body when the user wears the wearable device (103). For example, the area (1320) of the frame (1300) in contact with a part of the user's body may include an area in contact with a part of the user's nose, a part of the user's ear, and a part of the side of the user's face that the wearable device (103) contacts. According to one embodiment, the frame (1300) may include a nose pad (1310) that contacts a part of the user's body. When the wearable device (103) is worn by the user, the nose pad (1310) may contact a part of the user's nose. The frame (1300) may include a first temple (1304) and a second temple (1305) that contact a different part of the user's body distinct from the part of the user's body.

[0401] For example, the frame (1300) may include a first rim (1301) covering at least a portion of a first display (1350-1), a second rim (1302) covering at least a portion of a second display (1350-2), a bridge (1303) positioned between the first rim (1301) and the second rim (1302), a first pad (1311) positioned along a portion of the edge of the first rim (1301) from one end of the bridge (1303), a second pad (1312) positioned along a portion of the edge of the second rim (1302) from the other end of the bridge (1303), a first temple (1304) extending from the first rim (1301) and fixed to a portion of the wearer's ear, and a second temple (1305) extending from the second rim (1302) and fixed to a portion of the ear opposite to the ear. The first pad (1311) and the second pad (1312) may come into contact with a part of the user's nose, and the first temple (1304) and the second temple (1305) may come into contact with a part of the user's face and a part of the ear. The temples (1304, 1305) may be rotatably connected to the rim through the hinge units (1306, 1307) of FIG. 13b. The first temple (1304) may be rotatably connected to the first rim (1301) through a first hinge unit (1306) positioned between the first rim (1301) and the first temple (1304). The second temple (1305) may be rotatably connected to the second rim (1302) through a second hinge unit (1307) disposed between the second rim (1302) and the second temple (1305). According to one embodiment, the wearable device (103) may identify an external object touching the frame (1300) (e.g., a user's fingertip) and / or a gesture performed by said external object by using a touch sensor, a grip sensor, and / or a proximity sensor formed on at least a portion of the surface of the frame (1300).

[0402] According to one embodiment, the wearable device (103) may include hardware that performs various functions (e.g., hardware shown in FIG. 1a). For example, the hardware may include a battery module (1370), an antenna module (1375), at least one optical device (1382, 1384), speakers (e.g., speakers (1355-1, 1355-2)), a microphone (e.g., microphones (1365-1, 1365-2, 1365-3)), a light-emitting module (not shown), and / or a PCB (printed circuit board) (1390) (e.g., a printed circuit board). The various hardware may be placed within a frame (1300).

[0403] According to one embodiment, a microphone (e.g., microphones (1365-1, 1365-2, 1365-3)) of a wearable device (103) is positioned on at least a portion of a frame (1300) to acquire a sound signal. A first microphone (1365-1) positioned on a bridge (1303), a second microphone (1365-2) positioned on a second rim (1302), and a third microphone (1365-3) positioned on a first rim (1301) are shown in FIG. 13b, but the number and position of the microphones (1365) are not limited to the embodiment of FIG. 13b. If there are two or more microphones (1365) included in the wearable device (103), the wearable device (103) can identify the direction of the sound signal using a plurality of microphones positioned on different portions of the frame (1300).

[0404] According to one embodiment, at least one optical device (1382, 1384) may project a virtual object onto at least one display (1350) to provide various image information to a user. For example, at least one optical device (1382, 1384) may be a projector. At least one optical device (1382, 1384) may be disposed adjacent to at least one display (1350) or included within at least one display (1350) as part of at least one display (1350). According to one embodiment, a wearable device (103) may include a first optical device (1382) corresponding to a first display (1350-1) and a second optical device (1384) corresponding to a second display (1350-2). For example, at least one optical device (1382, 1384) may include a first optical device (1382) positioned at the edge of a first display (1350-1) and a second optical device (1384) positioned at the edge of a second display (1350-2). The first optical device (1382) may transmit light to a first waveguide (1333) positioned on the first display (1350-1), and the second optical device (1384) may transmit light to a second waveguide (1334) positioned on the second display (1350-2).

[0405] In one embodiment, the camera (1360) may include a shooting camera (1360-4), an eye tracking camera (ET CAM) (1360-1), and / or a motion recognition camera (1360-2, 1360-3). The shooting camera (1360-4), the eye tracking camera (1360-1), and the motion recognition camera (1360-2, 1360-3) may be positioned at different locations on the frame (1300) and may perform different functions. The eye tracking camera (1360-1) may output data indicating the position of the eyes or the gaze of a user wearing the wearable device (103). For example, the wearable device (103) may detect the gaze from an image containing the user's pupils obtained through the eye tracking camera (1360-1). A wearable device (103) can identify an object focused by a user (e.g., a real object, and / or a virtual object) by using the user's gaze acquired through an eye-tracking camera (1360-1). Upon identifying the focused object, the wearable device (103) can perform a function for interaction between the user and the focused object (e.g., gaze interaction). The wearable device (103) can represent a portion corresponding to the eyes of an avatar representing the user in a virtual space by using the user's gaze acquired through the eye-tracking camera (1360-1). The wearable device (103) can render an image (or screen) displayed on at least one display (1350) based on the position of the user's eyes. For example, the visual quality of a first region associated with the gaze within the image and the visual quality of a second region distinct from the first region (e.g., resolution, brightness, saturation, grayscale, PPI) may differ from each other.The wearable device (103) can acquire an image having a visual quality of a first region and a visual quality of a second region that matches the user's gaze by using foveated rendering. For example, if the wearable device (103) supports an iris recognition function, user authentication can be performed based on iris information acquired using an eye-tracking camera (1360-1). An example in which the eye-tracking camera (1360-1) is positioned toward the user's right eye is shown in FIG. 13b, but the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the eye-tracking camera (1360-1) may be positioned alone toward the user's left eye or toward both eyes.

[0406] In one embodiment, the camera (1360-4) can capture a real image or background to be matched with a virtual image in order to implement augmented reality or mixed reality content. The camera (1360-4) can be used to acquire high-resolution images based on HR (high resolution) or PV (photo video). The camera (1360-4) can capture an image of a specific object located at the position viewed by the user and provide the image to at least one display (1350). The at least one display (1350) can display a single image in which information regarding a real image or background including the image of the specific object acquired using the camera (1360-4) and a virtual image provided through at least one optical device (1382, 1384) are superimposed. The wearable device (103) can compensate for depth information (e.g., distance between the wearable device (103) and an external object obtained through a depth sensor) using an image obtained through a shooting camera (1360-4). The wearable device (103) can perform object recognition using an image obtained through a shooting camera (1360-4). The wearable device (103) can perform a function of focusing on an object (or subject) within an image (e.g., auto focus) and / or an optical image stabilization (OIS) function (e.g., anti-shake function) using a shooting camera (1360-4). The wearable device (103) can perform a pass-through function to display an image obtained through a shooting camera (1360-4) superimposed on at least a portion of the screen while displaying a screen representing a virtual space on at least one display (1350). In one embodiment, the camera (1360-4) may be placed on a bridge (1303) positioned between the first rim (1301) and the second rim (1302).

[0407] The eye tracking camera (1360-1) can achieve more realistic augmented reality by tracking the gaze of a user wearing a wearable device (103), thereby matching the user's gaze with visual information provided to at least one display (1350). For example, when the user looks straight ahead, the wearable device (103) can naturally display environmental information related to the user's front on at least one display (1350) at the location where the user is situated. The eye tracking camera (1360-1) may be configured to capture an image of the user's pupil to determine the user's gaze. For example, the eye tracking camera (1360-1) may receive a gaze detection light reflected from the user's pupil and track the user's gaze based on the position and movement of the received gaze detection light. In one embodiment, the eye tracking camera (1360-1) may be positioned at locations corresponding to the user's left and right eyes. For example, the eye-tracking camera (1360-1) may be positioned within the first rim (1301) and / or the second rim (1302) to face the direction in which the user wearing the wearable device (103) is located.

[0408] A motion recognition camera (1360-2, 1360-3) can provide a specific event to a screen provided on at least one display (1350) by recognizing the movement of the user's entire body or part thereof, such as the user's torso, hands, or face. A motion recognition camera (1360-2, 1360-3) can recognize the user's gesture, acquire a signal corresponding to the gesture, and provide a display corresponding to the signal to at least one display (1350). A processor can identify the signal corresponding to the gesture and, based on the identification, perform a designated function. A motion recognition camera (1360-2, 1360-3) can be used to perform spatial recognition functions using SLAM and / or depth maps for a 6-degrees-of-freedom pose (6 dof pose). A processor can use the motion recognition camera (1360-2, 1360-3) to perform gesture recognition functions and / or object tracking functions. In one embodiment, a motion recognition camera (1360-2, 1360-3) may be placed on the first rim (1301) and / or the second rim (1302).

[0409] The camera (1360) included in the wearable device (103) is not limited to the eye-tracking camera (1360-1) and motion recognition camera (1360-2, 1360-3) described above. For example, the wearable device (103) can identify external objects included within the FoV by using a camera positioned toward the user's FoV. The identification of external objects by the wearable device (103) can be performed based on a sensor for identifying the distance between the wearable device (103) and the external object, such as a depth sensor and / or a time of flight (ToF) sensor. The camera (1360) positioned toward the FoV may support an autofocus function and / or an optical image stabilization (OIS) function. For example, the wearable device (103) may include a camera (1360) (e.g., a face tracking camera) positioned toward the face to acquire an image including the face of a user wearing the wearable device (103).

[0410] Although not illustrated, according to one embodiment, the wearable device (103) may further include a light source (e.g., LED) that emits light toward a subject (e.g., user's eye, face, and / or an object outside the FoV) being photographed using a camera (1360). The light source may include an LED of infrared wavelength. The light source may be placed in at least one of the frame (1300) and hinge units (1306, 1307).

[0411] According to one embodiment, the battery module (1370) can supply power to the electronic components of the wearable device (103). In one embodiment, the battery module (1370) may be placed within the first temple (1304) and / or the second temple (1305). For example, the battery module (1370) may be a plurality of battery modules (1370). The plurality of battery modules (1370) may each be placed in the first temple (1304) and the second temple (1305), respectively. In one embodiment, the battery module (1370) may be placed at the end of the first temple (1304) and / or the second temple (1305).

[0412] The antenna module (1375) can transmit a signal or power to the outside of the wearable device (103) or receive a signal or power from the outside. In one embodiment, the antenna module (1375) may be placed within the first temple (1304) and / or the second temple (1305). For example, the antenna module (1375) may be placed close to one side of the first temple (1304) and / or the second temple (1305).

[0413] The speaker (1355) can output an acoustic signal to the outside of the wearable device (103). The acoustic output module may be referred to as the speaker. In one embodiment, the speaker (1355) may be placed within a first temple (1304) and / or a second temple (1305) to be positioned adjacent to the ear of a user wearing the wearable device (103). For example, the speaker (1355) may include a second speaker (1355-2) positioned adjacent to the user's left ear by being placed within the first temple (1304), and a first speaker (1355-1) positioned adjacent to the user's right ear by being placed within the second temple (1305).

[0414] A light-emitting module (not shown) may include at least one light-emitting element. The light-emitting module may emit light of a color corresponding to a specific state or emit light with an action corresponding to a specific state in order to visually provide information regarding a specific state of the wearable device (103) to the user. For example, if the wearable device (103) requires charging, it may emit red light at a constant frequency. In one embodiment, the light-emitting module may be placed on the first rim (1301) and / or the second rim (1302).

[0415] Referring to FIG. 13b, according to one embodiment, a wearable device (103) may include a printed circuit board (PCB) (1390). The PCB (1390) may be included in at least one of a first temple (1304) or a second temple (1305). The PCB (1390) may include an interposer disposed between at least two sub-PCBs. One or more hardware components included in the wearable device (103) (e.g., hardware components shown in FIG. 1a) may be disposed on the PCB (1390). The wearable device (103) may include a flexible PCB (FPCB) for interconnecting the hardware components.

[0416] According to one embodiment, a wearable device (103) may include at least one of a gyroscope sensor, a gravity sensor, and / or an acceleration sensor for detecting the posture of the wearable device (103) and / or the posture of a body part (e.g., head) of a user wearing the wearable device (103). Each of the gravity sensor and the acceleration sensor may measure gravitational acceleration and / or acceleration based on designated three-dimensional axes (e.g., x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis) that are perpendicular to each other. The gyroscope sensor may measure the angular velocity of each of the designated three-dimensional axes (e.g., x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis). At least one of the gravity sensor, the acceleration sensor, and the gyroscope sensor may be referred to as an inertial measurement unit (IMU). According to one embodiment, the wearable device (103) can identify a user's motion and / or gesture performed to execute or stop a specific function of the wearable device (103) based on an IMU.

[0418] FIGS. 14a and FIGS. 14b illustrate an example of the appearance of a wearable device.

[0419] The wearable device (103) of FIGS. 14a and FIGS. 14b may be an example of the wearable device (103) of FIGS. 13a and FIGS. 13b. For example, FIGS. 14a and FIGS. 14b may be an example of the electronic device (101) of FIGS. 1a. According to one embodiment, an example of the appearance of a first surface (1410) of the housing of the wearable device (103) may be shown in FIGS. 14a, and an example of the appearance of a second surface (1420) opposite to the first surface (1410) may be shown in FIGS. 14b.

[0420] Referring to FIG. 14a, according to one embodiment, a first surface (1410) of a wearable device (103) may have a shape that is attachable to a part of a user's body (e.g., the user's face). Although not illustrated, the wearable device (103) may further include a strap for securing to a part of a user's body and / or one or more temples (e.g., a first temple (1304) and / or a second temple (1305) of FIG. 13a and FIG. 13b). A first display (1350-1) for outputting an image to the left eye among the user's two eyes, and a second display (1350-2) for outputting an image to the right eye among the two eyes may be disposed on the first surface (1410). The wearable device (103) may further include rubber or silicone packing formed on the first surface (1410) to prevent interference by light different from light emitted from the first display (1350-1) and the second display (1350-2) (e.g., ambient light).

[0421] According to one embodiment, the wearable device (103) may include cameras (1360-1) for photographing and / or tracking both eyes of a user adjacent to each of the first display (1350-1) and the second display (1350-2). The cameras (1360-1) may be referenced to the eye-tracking camera (1360-1) of FIG. 13b. According to one embodiment, the wearable device (103) may include cameras (1360-5, 1360-6) for photographing and / or recognizing the user's face. The cameras (1360-5, 1360-6) may be referenced to FT cameras. The wearable device (103) may control an avatar representing the user in a virtual space based on the motion of the user's face identified using the cameras (1360-5, 1360-6). For example, the wearable device (103) can change the texture and / or shape of a part of an avatar (e.g., a part of an avatar representing a human face) by using information obtained by cameras (1360-5, 1360-6) (e.g., FT cameras) and representing the facial expression of a user wearing the wearable device (103).

[0422] Referring to FIG. 14b, on a second surface (1420) opposite to the first surface (1410) of FIG. 14a, a camera (e.g., cameras (1360-7, 1360-8, 1260-9, 1360-10, 1360-11, 1360-12)), and / or a sensor (e.g., a depth sensor (1430)) may be placed to obtain information related to the external environment of the wearable device (103). For example, cameras (1360-7, 1360-8, 1360-9, 1360-10) may be placed on the second surface (1420) to recognize external objects. The cameras (1360-7, 1360-8, 1360-9, 1360-10) can be referenced to the motion recognition cameras (1360-2, 1360-3) of FIG. 13b.

[0423] For example, using cameras (1360-11, 1360-12), the wearable device (103) can acquire images and / or videos to be transmitted to each of the user's two eyes. Camera (1360-11) may be placed on the second surface (1420) of the wearable device (103) to acquire an image to be displayed through a second display (1350-2) corresponding to the right eye among the two eyes. Camera (1360-12) may be placed on the second surface (1420) of the wearable device (103) to acquire an image to be displayed through a first display (1350-1) corresponding to the left eye among the two eyes. Cameras (1360-11, 1360-12) may be referenced to the shooting camera (1360-4) of FIG. 13b.

[0424] According to one embodiment, the wearable device (103) may include a depth sensor (1430) disposed on a second surface (1420) to identify the distance between the wearable device (103) and an external object. Using the depth sensor (1430), the wearable device (103) may obtain spatial information (e.g., a depth map) for at least a portion of the FoV of a user wearing the wearable device (103). Although not illustrated, a microphone may be disposed on the second surface (1420) of the wearable device (103) to obtain sound output from an external object. The number of microphones may be one or more, depending on the embodiment.

[0425] The components of the wearable device (103) illustrated in FIGS. 13a to 14b are merely exemplary and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the wearable device (103) may further include at least one of the components illustrated in FIGS. 13a to 14b or may not include at least one. For example, the wearable device (103) may include the components in a region (or arrangement) different from the region (or arrangement) where the components illustrated in FIGS. 13a to 14b are located. For example, the wearable device (103) may include a number of components different from the number of each of the components (e.g., cameras or sensors) illustrated in FIGS. 13a to 14b.

[0427] The technical problems to be solved in this disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0429] As described above, the electronic device (101) may include a display driver IC (113) (integrated circuitry). The electronic device (101) may include an LCoS (liquid crystal on silicon) panel (115) including pixels. Each of the pixels may include a liquid crystal element. The display driver IC (113) may be configured to apply a common voltage used to drive the liquid crystal element (205) and a first data voltage for a first color of an image to be displayed to each of the first pixels corresponding to the image among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) within a first time interval, and to apply the common voltage to each of the second pixels different from the first pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115). The display driver IC (113) may be configured to apply the common voltage and a second data voltage for the second color of the image to each of the first pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) within a second time interval following the first time interval, and to apply the common voltage to each of the second pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115). The display driver IC (113) may be configured to apply the common voltage and a reference voltage to each of the second pixels among the pixels within a third time interval between the first time interval and the second time interval.

[0430] According to one embodiment, the first pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) may correspond to an area where the image is to be displayed within the display area of ​​the LCoS panel (115). The second pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) may correspond to an area other than the said area within the display area of ​​the LCoS panel (115).

[0431] According to one embodiment, the display driver IC (113) may be configured to further apply the common voltage and the reference voltage to each of the first pixels among the pixels within the third time interval.

[0432] According to one embodiment, the display driver IC (113) may be configured to further apply a reference data voltage for expressing the lowest grayscale level to each of the second pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) within the first time interval. The display driver IC (113) may be configured to further apply the reference data voltage to each of the second pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) within the second time interval.

[0433] According to one embodiment, the electronic device (101) may include a light-emitting driver IC (117). The electronic device (101) may include a light source comprising a first light-emitting circuit configured to emit light of the first color and a second light-emitting circuit configured to emit light of the second color. The display driver IC (113) may be configured to control the first light-emitting circuit using the light-emitting driver IC (117) to emit light of the first color with respect to the first pixels to which the first data voltage is applied, within the second time interval. The display driver IC (113) may be configured to apply the common voltage and the third data voltage for the third color of the image to each of the first pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) within the fourth time interval following the second time interval, apply the common voltage to each of the second pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115), and control the second light-emitting circuit using the light-emitting driver IC (117) to emit light of the second color with respect to the first pixels to which the second data voltage is applied.

[0434] According to one embodiment, the display driver IC (113) may be configured to control the light source using the light-emitting driver IC (117) so as not to emit light within the third time interval.

[0435] According to one embodiment, the voltage level of the common voltage applied within a first frame including the first time interval, the second time interval, and the third time interval may have a first polarity. The voltage level...

Claims

Claim 1 An electronic device (101) comprises: a display driver IC (113) (integrated circuitry); and an LCoS (liquid crystal on silicon) panel (115) including pixels, wherein each of the pixels includes a liquid crystal element, and the display driver IC (113) comprises: within a first time interval: A common voltage used to drive the liquid crystal element (205) and a first data voltage for a first color of an image to be displayed are applied to each of the first pixels corresponding to the image among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115), and The above common voltage is applied to each of the second pixels that are different from the first pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115); and within the second time interval following the first time interval: The above common voltage and the second data voltage for the second color of the image are applied to each of the first pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115), and An electronic device (101) configured to apply the common voltage to each of the second pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115); and to apply the common voltage and a reference voltage to each of the second pixels among the pixels within a third time interval between the first time interval and the second time interval. Claim 2 An electronic device (101) according to claim 1, wherein the first pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) correspond to an area where the image is to be displayed in the display area of ​​the LCoS panel (115), and the second pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) correspond to an area other than said area in the display area of ​​the LCoS panel (115). Claim 3 In claim 1, the display driver IC (113) is configured to further apply the common voltage and the reference voltage to each of the first pixels among the pixels within the third time interval, an electronic device (101). Claim 4 An electronic device (101) according to claim 1, wherein the display driver IC (113) is configured to: further apply a reference data voltage for expressing a lowest grayscale level to each of the second pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) within the first time interval; and further apply the reference data voltage to each of the second pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115) within the second time interval. Claim 5 In claim 1, the electronic device (101) is: Light-emitting driver IC (117); and A light source (120) comprising a first light-emitting circuit configured to emit light of the first color and a second light-emitting circuit configured to emit light of the second color, wherein the display driver IC (113) controls the first light-emitting circuit using the light-emitting driver IC (117) to emit light of the first color with respect to the first pixels to which the first data voltage is applied, within the second time interval; and within a fourth time interval following the second time interval: The above common voltage and the third data voltage for the third color of the image are applied to each of the first pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115), and The above common voltage is applied to each of the second pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115), and An electronic device (101) configured to control the second light-emitting circuit using the light-emitting driver IC (117) to emit light of the second color with respect to the first pixels to which the second data voltage is applied. Claim 6 In claim 5, the display driver IC (113) is configured to control the light source using the light-emitting driver IC (117) so as not to emit light within the third time interval, an electronic device (101). Claim 7 An electronic device (101) according to claim 1, wherein the voltage level of the common voltage applied within a first frame including the first time interval, the second time interval, and the third time interval has a first polarity, the voltage level of the reference voltage applied within the first frame has the first polarity, the voltage level of the common voltage to be applied within a second frame immediately subsequent to the first frame has a second polarity opposite to the first polarity, and the voltage level of the reference voltage to be applied within the second frame has the second polarity. Claim 8 An electronic device (101), wherein, in claim 1, the voltage level of the common voltage applied within a first frame including the first time interval has a first polarity, the voltage level of the common voltage applied within a second frame immediately following the first frame including the second time interval has a second polarity opposite to the first polarity, and the third time interval is included in the first frame or the second frame. Claim 9 An electronic device (101) according to claim 1, wherein the length of the first time interval corresponds to the length of the second time interval, and the length of the third time interval is shorter than the length of the first time interval and the length of the second time interval, respectively. Claim 10 In claim 1, each of the pixels is: A first storage capacitor (201) configured to store data voltage; A second storage capacitor (202) electrically connected to the liquid crystal element (205); A first transistor (210) comprising a first electrode electrically connected to a data line for applying a data voltage, a second electrode electrically connected to the first storage capacitor (201), and a first gate electrode electrically connected to a first scan line; A second transistor (220) comprising a third electrode electrically connected to the first storage capacitor (201), a fourth electrode electrically connected to each of the second storage capacitor (202) and the liquid crystal element (205), and a second gate electrode electrically connected to a second scan line; and An electronic device (101) comprising a third transistor (630, 730) including a fifth electrode electrically connected to a reference line for applying the above reference voltage, a sixth electrode electrically connected to each of the second storage capacitor (202) and the liquid crystal element (205), and a third gate electrode electrically connected to a third scan line, and each of the liquid crystal elements (205) of the pixels includes a seventh electrode to which the common voltage is applied and an eighth electrode electrically connected to each of the fourth electrode and the sixth electrode. Claim 11 An electronic device (101), wherein the display driver IC (113) is configured to simultaneously provide a first scan signal to the first gate electrode of the first transistor (210) of each of the pixels of the LCoS panel (115); and simultaneously provide a second scan signal to the third gate electrode of the third transistor of each of the pixels of the LCoS panel (115), wherein the length of the time for which the first scan signal is provided is longer than the length of the time for which the second scan signal is provided. Claim 12 In claim 10, the display driver IC (113) is configured to simultaneously provide a first scan signal to the first gate electrode of the first transistor (210) of each of the pixels of the LCoS panel (115); provide a second scan signal to the third gate electrode of the third transistor of each of the pixels of the LCoS panel (115); and after providing the second scan signal to each of the pixels of the LCoS panel (115), provide the second scan signal to the third gate electrode of the third transistor of each of the other pixels of the LCoS panel (115), wherein the length of the time for which the first scan signal is provided corresponds to the length of the time for which the second scan signal is provided, electronic device (101). Claim 13 In claim 1, each of the pixels is: A first storage capacitor (201) configured to store data voltage; A second storage capacitor (202) electrically connected to the liquid crystal element (205); A first transistor (210) comprising a first electrode electrically connected to a data line for applying a data voltage, a second electrode electrically connected to the first storage capacitor (201), and a first gate electrode electrically connected to a first scan line; A second transistor (220) comprising a third electrode electrically connected to the first storage capacitor (201), a fourth electrode electrically connected to each of the second storage capacitor (202) and the liquid crystal element (205), and a second gate electrode electrically connected to a second scan line; and An electronic device (101) comprising a coupling capacitor (830) including a fifth electrode electrically connected to a reference line for applying the above reference voltage and a sixth electrode electrically connected to each of the second storage capacitor (202) and the liquid crystal element (205), and each of the liquid crystal elements (205) of the pixels including a seventh electrode to which the common voltage is applied and an eighth electrode electrically connected to each of the fourth electrode and the sixth electrode. Claim 14 In claim 1, each of the pixels is: A first storage capacitor (201) configured to store data voltage; A second storage capacitor (202) electrically connected to the liquid crystal element (205); A first transistor (210) comprising a first electrode electrically connected to a data line for applying a data voltage, a second electrode electrically connected to the first storage capacitor (201), and a first gate electrode electrically connected to a first scan line; A second transistor (220) comprising a third electrode electrically connected to the first storage capacitor (201), a fourth electrode electrically connected to each of the second storage capacitor (202) and the liquid crystal element (205), and a second gate electrode electrically connected to a second scan line; and An electronic device (101) comprising a third transistor (530) including a fifth electrode electrically connected to the data line for applying the reference voltage, a sixth electrode electrically connected to each of the second storage capacitor (202) and the liquid crystal element (205), and a third gate electrode electrically connected to the third scan line, wherein each of the pixels' liquid crystal elements (205) includes a seventh electrode to which the common voltage is applied and an eighth electrode electrically connected to each of the fourth electrode and the sixth electrode, and the data line is used to selectively apply the data voltage and the reference voltage. Claim 15 An electronic device (101) according to claim 1, wherein the voltage level of the reference voltage applied to each of the second pixels is higher than the voltage level for expressing the lowest grayscale level. Claim 16 In claim 15, the voltage level of the first data voltage and the voltage level of the second data voltage, respectively, are each higher than the voltage level for expressing the lowest grayscale level, an electronic device (101). Claim 17 In claim 1, the electronic device (101) comprises at least one processor including a processing circuit, and the display driver IC (113) acquires another image following the image from the at least one processor; and within a fourth time interval following the second time interval: The above common voltage and the third data voltage for the first color of the other image to be displayed are applied to each of the second pixels corresponding to the other image among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115), and The above common voltage is applied to each of the first pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115); and within the fifth time interval following the fourth time interval: Applying the above common voltage and the fourth data voltage for the second color of the other image to each of the second pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115), and An electronic device (101) configured to apply the common voltage to each of the first pixels among the pixels of the LCoS panel (115); and to apply the common voltage and the reference voltage to each of the first pixels among the pixels within a sixth time interval between the fourth time interval and the fifth time interval. Claim 18 In claim 17, the third time interval is within a reference time defined from the start time of the fourth time interval for displaying the other image changed from the image, and the reference time is used to apply the reference voltage within the time interval between the time intervals for applying the data voltage, an electronic device (101). Claim 19 An electronic device (101), wherein the common voltage is applied to a first electrode of the liquid crystal element (205), the voltage level of the common voltage is determined based on a kick-back voltage defined for each of the transistors of the pixels, and the difference between the voltage level of the reference voltage and the voltage level of the common voltage is greater than the magnitude of the kick-back voltage. Claim 20 In claim 1, the electronic device (101) comprises a wearable device worn on the head portion of a user.

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