Mixed refrigerant and heat pump including the same

Abstract

The mixed refrigerant composition according to exemplary embodiments comprises trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), and difluoromethane (R-32), and the content of trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 20% to 60% by weight. Accordingly, environmental pollution caused by the mixed refrigerant composition can be suppressed, and the cooling performance of the mixed refrigerant composition can be improved.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a composition comprising a refrigerant and a heat pump comprising the same. More specifically, it relates to a composition comprising different refrigerants and a heat pump comprising the same. Background Technology

[0002] A refrigerant is a substance used to remove heat from heat pumps used in air conditioners, refrigerators, cooling towers, etc. Examples of refrigerants include natural refrigerants, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerants, hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerants, hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants, and hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerants.

[0003] Recently, the types of heat pumps used indoors and outdoors have become more diverse, and there is a demand for miniaturized heat pumps due to advancements such as electric vehicles. Furthermore, as refrigerants containing chlorine (Cl) can cause ozone layer depletion, efforts are underway to develop refrigerants that do not contain chlorine atoms.

[0004] For example, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropane (R-1234yf), a type of hydrofluoroolefin refrigerant, does not contain chlorine atoms. Therefore, it has a low Global Warming Potential (GWP) and is actively used as a refrigerant for automobile air conditioners.

[0005] However, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropene had a problem of low energy efficiency when used as a refrigerant in automotive air conditioners due to its low Coefficient of Performance (COP), which required an additional heat pump.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to develop refrigerants or combinations of refrigerants that can suppress environmental pollution while having a high coefficient of performance. The problem to be solved

[0007] One objective according to exemplary embodiments is to provide a mixed refrigerant composition with improved eco-friendliness.

[0008] One objective according to exemplary embodiments is to provide a heat pump with improved cooling performance comprising the above-mentioned mixed refrigerant composition. means of solving the problem

[0009] A mixed refrigerant composition according to exemplary embodiments comprises trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), and difluoromethane (R-32), and the content of trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 20 weight% or more and less than 60 weight%.

[0010] In some embodiments, the content of the 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 30% to 75% by weight, and the content of the difluoromethane (R-32) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 5% to 10% by weight.

[0011] In some embodiments, the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 40% to 60% by weight.

[0012] In some embodiments, the sum of the content of the 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) and the content of the difluoromethane (R-32) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 40% to 60% by weight.

[0013] In some embodiments, the ratio of the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) to the content of the 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 0.1 to 10.

[0014] In some embodiments, the ratio of the content of difluoromethane (R-32) to the content of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) in the full weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 0.01 to 1.

[0015] In some embodiments, the ratio of the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) to the content of the difluoromethane (R-32) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 1 to 15.

[0016] In some embodiments, the boiling point of the mixed refrigerant composition at 1 atm may be -50°C to -25°C.

[0017] In some embodiments, the critical temperature of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 90°C to 120°C.

[0018] In some embodiments, the critical pressure of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 35 bar to 60 bar.

[0019] In some embodiments, the temperature glide of the mixed refrigerant composition at a pressure of 1.5 bar may be 1 ℃ to 15 ℃.

[0020] In some embodiments, the temperature glide of the mixed refrigerant composition at a pressure of 15 bar may be 1 ℃ to 10 ℃.

[0021] In some embodiments, the latent heat of the mixed refrigerant composition at -25°C may be 150 kJ / kg to 300 kJ / kg.

[0022] In some embodiments, the Global Warming Potentials (GWP) of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 30 to 160.

[0023] A heat pump according to exemplary embodiments may include the mixed refrigerant composition described above. Effects of the invention

[0024] The mixed refrigerant composition according to exemplary embodiments may include trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), and difluoromethane (R-32). Accordingly, the refrigerant included in the mixed refrigerant composition may not contain chlorine atoms (Cl), thereby suppressing environmental pollution such as ozone layer depletion.

[0025] The mixed refrigerant composition can have a low boiling point. Accordingly, the mixed refrigerant composition can effectively lower the ambient temperature as it vaporizes from liquid to gas even at low temperatures.

[0026] In addition, the mixed refrigerant composition may have a high critical temperature. Accordingly, the mixed refrigerant composition does not become supercritical while a cooler, such as an air conditioner, is in operation, so the condensation pressure of the compressor may not be lowered. Therefore, the performance coefficient of a heat pump containing the mixed refrigerant composition can be improved. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0027] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the flow of mixed refrigerant for heat exchange in the cooling mode of a heat exchanger according to exemplary embodiments. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the flow of a mixed refrigerant for heat exchange in the heating mode of a heat exchanger according to exemplary embodiments. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0028] According to exemplary embodiments, a mixed refrigerant composition comprising trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) and difluoromethane (R-32) and a heat pump comprising said mixed refrigerant composition are provided.

[0029] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail with reference to specific experimental examples. However, since the experimental examples attached to this specification exemplify preferred embodiments of the present application and serve to further enhance understanding of the technical concept of the present invention together with the aforementioned description of the invention, the present application should not be interpreted as being limited only to the matters described in such experimental examples.

[0030] According to exemplary embodiments, the mixed refrigerant composition may be a mixture of refrigerants that do not contain chlorine atoms (Cl). Examples of refrigerants that do not contain chlorine atoms (Cl) include natural refrigerants, hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants, hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerants, etc.

[0031] The above-mentioned natural refrigerant is a substance that exists naturally on Earth, rather than an artificial compound. The above-mentioned natural refrigerant may include, for example, at least one of ammonia (R-717), carbon dioxide (R-744), propane (R-290), propylene (R-1270), and butane (R-600a).

[0032] The above hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant is a refrigerant composed of hydrogen atoms (H), fluorine atoms (F), and carbon atoms (C). The above hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant includes, for example, at least one of difluoromethane (R-32), trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), pentafluoroethane (R-125), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-143a), trifluoromethane (R-23), fluoroethane (R-161), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (R-227ea), 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (R-236ea), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (R-236fa), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (R-245fa), and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (R-365mfc). It can be included.

[0033] The above hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant is a refrigerant composed of hydrogen atoms (H), fluorine atoms (F), and carbon atoms (C), having at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The above hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant may include, for example, at least one of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (R-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze), 1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ye), 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (R-1243zf), 1,1-difluoroethylene (R-1132a), and 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (R-1225ye).

[0034] In exemplary embodiments, the mixed refrigerant composition may include carbon dioxide (R-744), trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1), and 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a). The carbon dioxide (R-744), the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1), and the 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) included in the mixed refrigerant composition do not contain chlorine atoms (Cl).

[0035] The above trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) is a type of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant with an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0 and a global warming potential (GWP) of less than 5. In addition, the above trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) may have high thermal and chemical stability. By including the above trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) in the above mixed refrigerant composition, the eco-friendliness and stability of the above mixed refrigerant composition may be improved.

[0036] The above 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) is a type of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant with an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0 and a global warming potential (GWP) of 150 or less. In addition, the above 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) may have a low molecular weight and saturation density. By including the above 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) in the mixed refrigerant composition, the eco-friendliness of the mixed refrigerant composition may be improved. Furthermore, due to the low saturation density, the discharge pressure from the compressor may be low, which may increase the change in enthalpy at the same pressure. Accordingly, the refrigeration capacity of the mixed refrigerant composition may be improved.

[0037] The above difluoromethane (R-32) is a type of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant with an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0 and a global warming potential (GWP) of 675. The above difluoromethane (R-32) may have high thermal stability. Therefore, the stability of the above mixed refrigerant composition may be improved by including the above difluoromethane (R-32) in the above mixed refrigerant composition.

[0038] In some embodiments, the mixed refrigerant composition may not contain any refrigerants other than trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), and difluoromethane (R-32). For example, the mixed refrigerant composition may consist only of trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), and difluoromethane (R-32). Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the reduction of thermal and chemical stability caused by mixing refrigerants with low thermal or chemical stability. Additionally, it is possible to prevent the increase in condensation temperature caused by mixing refrigerants with low evaporating pressure.

[0039] In exemplary embodiments, the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 20% to 60% by weight.

[0040] If the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) is less than 20% by weight of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition, the thermal and chemical stability of the mixed refrigerant composition may be reduced. If the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) exceeds 60% by weight, the refrigeration capacity of the heat pump containing the mixed refrigerant composition may be reduced. Within the above content range, the thermal and chemical stability and eco-friendliness of the mixed refrigerant composition may be improved, and the refrigeration capacity may be improved.

[0041] In some embodiments, the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) may be 25% to 60% by weight, 30% to 60% by weight, 35% to 60% by weight, 40% to 60% by weight, or 45% to 55% by weight of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition. Within the above content range, the stability and refrigeration capacity of the mixed refrigerant composition may be further improved.

[0042] In some embodiments, the content of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 30% to 75% by weight, 40% to 75% by weight, 40% to 70% by weight, 40% to 65% by weight, or 40% to 60% by weight. Within the above content range, the refrigeration capacity of the mixed refrigerant composition may be improved. Accordingly, the temperature can be controlled with a small amount of the mixed refrigerant composition, thereby improving the efficiency of an air conditioner containing the mixed refrigerant composition.

[0043] In some embodiments, the content of the difluoromethane (R-32) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 1% to 20% by weight, 5% to 20% by weight, or 5% to 10% by weight. In the above content range, the thermal stability of the mixed refrigerant composition may be further improved.

[0044] In some embodiments, the sum of the content of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) and the content of difluoromethane (R-32) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 40% to 75% by weight, 40% to 70% by weight, 40% to 65% by weight, 40% to 60% by weight, or 45% to 55% by weight. Within the above content range, the eco-friendliness of the mixed refrigerant composition can be improved by preventing an increase in the Global Warming Potential (GWP) value, and thermal and chemical stability can be improved.

[0045] In some embodiments, the ratio of the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) to the content of the 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 0.1 to 10, 0.1 to 5, or 0.2 to 5. Within this range, the high-temperature stability of the mixed refrigerant composition can be improved while preventing an increase in the global warming potential (GWP) of the mixed refrigerant composition.

[0046] In one embodiment, the ratio of the content of trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) to the content of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 0.25 to 3, 0.2 to 2, 0.5 to 1.3, or 0.7 to 1.3. Within this range, the eco-friendliness of the mixed refrigerant composition may be improved while the high-temperature stability may be further enhanced.

[0047] In some embodiments, the ratio of the content of the difluoromethane (R-32) to the content of the 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 0.01 to 1, 0.05 to 1, or 0.05 to 0.5. Within this range, the refrigeration capacity of the mixed refrigerant composition can be improved while preventing an increase in the global warming potential (GWP) of the mixed refrigerant composition.

[0048] In one embodiment, the ratio of the content of difluoromethane (R-32) to the content of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 0.05 to 0.4, 0.05 to 0.3, 0.1 to 0.3, or 0.1 to 0.2. Within this range, the refrigeration capacity of the mixed refrigerant composition may be further enhanced while improving environmental friendliness.

[0049] In some embodiments, the ratio of the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) to the content of the difluoromethane (R-32) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 1 to 15, 1 to 13, or 2 to 13. Within this range, the thermal stability of the mixed refrigerant composition may be further improved while preventing an increase in the global warming potential (GWP) of the mixed refrigerant composition.

[0050] In one embodiment, the ratio of the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) to the content of the difluoromethane (R-32) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 2 to 12, 2 to 11, 5 to 11, or 9 to 11. Within the above content range, the stability of the mixed refrigerant composition may be further improved while improving environmental friendliness.

[0051] In some embodiments, the boiling point of the mixed refrigerant composition at 1 atm may be -50°C to -25°C, -45°C to -25°C, -45°C to -30°C, -42°C to -30°C, -40°C to -30°C, or -35°C to -30°C. Within the boiling point range of the mixed refrigerant composition, the specific volume may be reduced without increasing the condensation pressure. Thus, the refrigeration capacity of the refrigerant can be improved while reducing the amount of the mixed refrigerant composition.

[0052] In some embodiments, the critical temperature of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 90°C to 120°C, 100°C to 120°C, 100°C to 110°C, or 105°C to 110°C. The critical temperature is the maximum temperature at which a specific substance can exist in a liquid state, and if the critical temperature of the refrigerant is low, it may be difficult to liquefy the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle.

[0053] In the above critical temperature range, the mixed refrigerant composition may not become a supercritical fluid state in the refrigeration cycle. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a portion of the mixed refrigerant composition from liquefying, thereby improving refrigeration capacity.

[0054] In some embodiments, the critical pressure of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 35 bar to 60 bar, 35 bar to 50 bar, 40 bar to 50 bar, 43 bar to 50 bar, or 43 bar to 47 bar. Critical pressure is the maximum pressure at which a specific substance can exist in a liquid state, and if the critical pressure of the refrigerant is high, it may be difficult to liquefy the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle.

[0055] In the above critical pressure range, the mixed refrigerant composition may not become a supercritical fluid state in the refrigeration cycle. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a portion of the mixed refrigerant composition from liquefying, thereby improving refrigeration capacity.

[0056] In some embodiments, the temperature glide of the mixed refrigerant composition at a pressure of 1.5 bar may be 1 ℃ to 15 ℃, 1 ℃ to 10 ℃, 1 ℃ to 8 ℃, or 3 ℃ to 7 ℃.

[0057] In some embodiments, the temperature glide of the mixed refrigerant composition at a pressure of 15 bar may be 1 ℃ to 10 ℃, 1 ℃ to 8 ℃, 2 ℃ to 8 ℃, or 3 ℃ to 5 ℃.

[0058] In the above temperature gradient range, the capacity can be improved when using a heat pump of the same volume. In addition, in the above temperature gradient range, the heat transfer efficiency of the refrigerant can be improved.

[0059] In some embodiments, the latent heat at -25 ℃ may be 150 kJ / kg to 300 kJ / kg, 150 kJ / kg to 280 kJ / kg, or 170 kJ / kg to 280 kJ / kg.

[0060] Within the above latent heat range, the heat released or absorbed by the mixed refrigerant composition during phase change may be sufficient. Accordingly, the thermal efficiency of the mixed refrigerant composition may be improved.

[0061] In one embodiment, the latent heat at -25 ℃ may be 180 kJ / kg to 275 kJ / kg, 200 kJ / kg to 250 kJ / kg, or 200 kJ / kg to 230 kJ / kg. Within the above latent heat range, the thermal efficiency of the refrigerant composition can be improved while suppressing the degradation of the eco-friendliness of the mixed refrigerant composition.

[0062] In some embodiments, the global warming potential (GWP) of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 30 to 160, 30 to 140, 30 to 120, 30 to 110, or 30 to 100.

[0063] The Global Warming Potential (GWP) is a value calculated using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a reference substance regarding the impact on global warming over a certain period (e.g., 100 years) when 1 kg of any chemical substance is released into the Earth's troposphere.

[0064] Environmental pollution caused by the use and treatment of mixed refrigerant compositions can be suppressed within the above global warming index range.

[0065] In some embodiments, the ozone depletion potential (ODP) of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 0.

[0066] The Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) is a numerical value that calculates the extent to which any chemical substance affects ozone layer depletion, assuming the ozone layer depletion effect of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) is 1.

[0067] Since the ozone depletion potential (ODP) is 0, environmental pollution caused by the use and treatment of the mixed refrigerant composition can be suppressed.

[0068] In some embodiments, the mixed refrigerant composition may have low flammability. The mixed refrigerant composition may be, for example, rated A2L or lower in the refrigerant safety group classification of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Accordingly, safety during operation and leakage of the heat pump may be improved.

[0069] According to exemplary embodiments, the heat pump may include the mixed refrigerant composition. Accordingly, the heat pump may have improved refrigeration performance while enhancing environmental friendliness and stability.

[0070] The heat pump described above may include a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator. In the compressor, the mixed refrigerant composition described above may be compressed to a high temperature and high pressure state, and in the expansion valve, the mixed refrigerant composition described above may be expanded to a low temperature and low pressure state.

[0071] For example, the aforementioned mixed refrigerant composition may release or absorb heat while circulating through the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator within the heat pump. The mixed refrigerant composition may be maintained in a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous state in the compressor. The mixed refrigerant composition may release heat in the condenser and liquefy into a liquid state. The mixed refrigerant composition may be maintained in a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid or a mixed liquid and gas state in the expansion valve. The mixed refrigerant composition may absorb heat in the evaporator and vaporize into a gaseous state.

[0072] In some embodiments, the heat pump may include oil. For example, the oil may include polyester (POE), mineral oil, alkylbenzene (AB), polyalkylene glycol (PAG), polyvinyl ether (PVE), etc.

[0073] In some embodiments, the coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump may be 1 to 10. The coefficient of performance (COP) refers to the ratio of the amount of heat effectively obtained to the amount of work input when operating the heat pump.

[0074] A high-efficiency heat pump having a performance coefficient of the above range can be provided by using the refrigerant described above.

[0076] Preferred embodiments are presented below to aid in understanding the present application; however, these embodiments are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the appended claims. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications to the embodiments are possible within the scope and spirit of the present application, and that such variations and modifications fall within the scope of the appended claims.

[0078] Examples and Comparative Examples

[0079] (1) Mixed refrigerant composition

[0080] A mixed refrigerant composition having the components and content (weight%) listed in Tables 1 to 5 below was prepared.

[0081] The boiling point, critical temperature, critical pressure, temperature gradient at 1.5 bar and 15 bar, and latent heat at -25 ℃ of the prepared mixed refrigerant composition were measured. The measured boiling point, critical temperature, critical pressure, temperature gradient at 1.5 bar and 15 bar, and latent heat at -25 ℃ of the mixed refrigerant composition are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below.

[0082] The boiling point, critical temperature, critical pressure, temperature gradient, and latent heat of the above mixed refrigerant composition were measured using REFPROP (Ver 10, NIST).

[0083] division Content of each component of the mixed refrigerant composition (weight%) boiling point (°C) Critical temperature (°C) Critical pressure (bar) Temperature gradient Latent heat at -25 ℃ (kJ / kg) R-13I1 R-152a R-32 1.5 bar (°C) 15 bar (°C) Example 1 55 40 5 -34.7 107.3 45.3 5.5 4.3 200.7 Example 2 50 45 5 -33.8 107.5 45.3 5.0 3.8 212.3 Example 3 45 50 5 -33.1 107.8 45.4 4.6 3.4 224.0 Example 4 40 55 5 -32.3 108.2 45.4 4.3 3.1 235.7 Example 5 35 60 5 -31.7 108.6 45.5 4.0 2.8 247.6 Example 6 30 65 5 -31.0 109.2 45.6 3.7 2.6 259.5 Example 7 25 70 5 -30.4 109.4 45.7 3.5 2.4 271.4 Example 8 20 75 5 -29.8 109.9 45.8 3.2 2.2 283.4 Example 9 60 30 10 -41.1 103.7 48.1 9.4 8.3 189.0 Example 10 55 35 10 -39.8 104.1 47.8 8.6 7.3 200.7 Example 11 50 40 10 -38.6 104.5 47.5 7.9 6.5 212.4 Example 12 45 45 10 -37.6 105.0 47.3 7.4 5.9 224.2 Example 13 40 50 10 -36.6 105.5 47.2 6.9 5.4 236.1 Example 14 35 55 10 -35.7 106.1 47.2 6.5 4.9 248.0 Example 15 30 60 10 -34.8 106.7 47.2 6.1 4.6 260.0 Example 16 25 65 10 -34.8 106.7 47.2 6.1 4.6 260.0 Example 17 20 70 10 -34.8 106.7 47.2 6.1 4.6 260.0

[0084] division Content of each component (weight%) of the mixed refrigerant composition boiling point (°C) Critical temperature (°C) Critical pressure (bar) Temperature gradient Latent heat at -25 ℃ (kJ / kg) R-13I1 R-152a R-32 R-1234yf 1.5 bar (°C) 15 bar (°C) Comparative Example 1 - - - 100 -29.7 94.7 33.8 0 0 177.9 Comparative Example 2 15 80 5 - -29.3 110.3 45.9 3.0 2.1 295.4 Comparative Example 3 15 75 10 - -32.5 108.3 47.2 5.0 3.7 296.2 Comparative Example 4 85 10 5 -44.8 111.0 48.1 16.1 14.6 133.6 Comparative Example 5 85 5 10 -52.1 106.4 54.4 21.1 21.5 132.6

[0086] The specific components listed in Table 1 are as follows.

[0087] R-13I1: Trifluoroiodomethane

[0088] R-152a: 1,1-Difluoroethane

[0089] R-32: Difluoromethane

[0090] R-1234yf: 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene

[0092] Experimental Example 1 - GWP Calculation

[0093] Based on the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of R-13I1, R-152a, R-32, and R-1234yf included in the mixed refrigerant composition according to the examples, as defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of the mixed refrigerant composition was calculated by arithmetically averaging the values ​​according to the respective weight ratios of R-13I1, R-152a, R-32, and R-1234yf.

[0094] Specifically, GWP was calculated by referring to IPCC AR4 and Wiebbles (1995), with the value of R-13I1 calculated as 1, the value of R-152a as 124, and the value of R-32 as 675.

[0095] The Global Warming Potential (GWP) according to the IPCC above is based on the Global Warming Potential (GWP) based on a 100-year period.

[0096] The calculated Global Warming Potential (GWP) is shown in Table 3 below.

[0098] Global Warming Potential (GWP) Example 1 83.9 Example 2 90.1 Example 3 96.2 Example 4 102.4 Example 5 108.5 Example 6 114.7 Example 7 120.8 Example 8 127.0 Example 9 105.3 Example 10 111.5 Example 11 117.6 Example 12 123.8 Example 13 129.9 Example 14 136.1 Example 15 142.2 Example 16 148.4 Example 17 154.5 Comparative Example 1 4.0 Comparative Example 2 133.1 Comparative Example 3 160.7 Comparative Example 4 47.0 Comparative Example 5 74.6

[0100] Referring to Table 3, in the examples in which R-13I1, R-152a, and R-32 were all included as refrigerants, and the content of R-13I1 was included in an amount of 20% to 60% by weight of the total weight of the refrigerant composition, the global warming potential was 154.5 or less.

[0101] In Examples 14 to 17, where the sum of the contents of R-152a and R-32 exceeded 60 weight%, the global warming potential increased slightly.

[0102] In Comparative Examples 2 and 3, which contain R-13I1, R-152a, and R-32 as refrigerants but have a content of less than 20 wt% of R-13I1, the global warming potential increased compared to Example 1.

[0104] Experimental Example 2 - Cooling Evaluation

[0105] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the flow of a mixed refrigerant for heat exchange in a cooling mode of a heat exchanger according to exemplary embodiments.

[0106] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the flow of a mixed refrigerant for heat exchange in the heating mode of a heat exchanger according to exemplary embodiments.

[0107] In Figures 1 and 2, the direction of the arrows is intended to indicate the flow of the mixed refrigerant.

[0108] Referring to Fig. 1, in cooling mode, the mixed refrigerant is compressed through the compressor and bypasses the internal condenser and expansion valve (heating) in sequence, releases heat in the external condenser, expands in the expansion valve (cooling), and reabsorbs heat through the evaporator.

[0109] Referring to Fig. 2, in heating mode, the mixed refrigerant is compressed through the compressor, releases heat in the internal condenser, expands in the expansion valve (heating), absorbs heat in the external condenser, and then absorbs additional heat through the cooler.

[0110] Cooling and heating evaluations were performed using the heat exchangers described above at different ambient temperatures using the refrigerant combinations of Examples 1 to 17 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5.

[0111] The above cooling evaluation was performed by setting the outdoor temperature to 45 ℃, and the above heating evaluation was performed by setting the outdoor temperature to -7 ℃ and -20 ℃, respectively. The conditions for the cooling and heating evaluations according to the above-described examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 4 below.

[0112] Specifically, the ambient temperature (°C), condenser outlet refrigerant temperature, condenser outlet refrigerant subcooling, evaporator outlet refrigerant temperature, and evaporator outlet refrigerant superheating are shown together in Table 4 below.

[0113] division Refrigerant combination Operating mode Ambient temperature (°C) Condenser outlet refrigerant temperature (°C) Condenser outlet refrigerant subcooling (°C) Evaporator outlet refrigerant temperature (°C) Evaporator outlet refrigerant subcooling (°C) Experimental Example 1-1 Example 1 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 1-2 Example 1 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 1-3 Example 1 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 2-1 Example 2 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 2-2 Example 2 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 2-3 Example 2 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 3-1 Example 3 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 3-2 Example 3 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 3-3 Example 3 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 4-1 Example 4 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 4-2 Example 4 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 4-3 Example 4 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 5-1 Example 5 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 5-2 Example 5 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 5-3 Example 5 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 6-1 Example 6 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 6-2 Example 6 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 6-3 Example 6 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 7-1 Example 7 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 7-2 Example 7 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 7-3 Example 7 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 8-1 Example 8 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 8-2 Example 8 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 8-3 Example 8 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 9-1 Example 9 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 9-2 Example 9 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 9-3 Example 9 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 10-1 Example 10 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 10-2 Example 10 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 10-3 Example 10 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 11-1 Example 11 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 11-2 Example 11 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 11-3 Example 11 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 12-1 Example 12 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 12-2 Example 12 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 12-3 Example 12 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 13-1 Example 13 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 13-2 Example 13 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 13-3 Example 13 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 14-1 Example 14 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 14-2 Example 14 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 14-3 Example 14 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 15-1 Example 15 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 15-2 Example 15 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 15-3 Example 15 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 16-1 Example 16 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 16-2 Example 16 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 16-3 Example 16 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 17-1 Example 17 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 17-2 Example 17 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 17-3 Example 17 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 18-1 Comparative Example 1 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 18-2 Comparative Example 1 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 18-3 Comparative Example 1 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 19-1 Comparative Example 2 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 19-2 Comparative Example 2 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 19-3 Comparative Example 2 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 20-1 Comparative Example 3 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 20-2 Comparative Example 3 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 20-3 Comparative Example 3 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 21-1 Comparative Example 4 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 21-2 Comparative Example 4 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 21-3 Comparative Example 4 heating -20 20 10 -29 1 Experimental Example 22-1 Comparative Example 5 air conditioning 45 55 10 10 8 Experimental Example 22-2 Comparative Example 5 heating -7 40 10 -20 1 Experimental Example 22-3 Comparative Example 5 heating -20 20 10 -29 1

[0115] Cooling Evaluation (Outdoor Temperature: 45 ℃) division Refrigerant combination Volumetric capacity (kJ / m²) 3 ) Compressor outlet pressure (kPaA) Compressor outlet temperature (°C) Experimental Example 1-1 Example 1 2814.2 1649.7 95.2 Experimental Example 2-1 Example 2 2806.1 1624.2 94.5 Experimental Example 3-1 Example 3 2793.8 1601.0 94.0 Experimental Example 4-1 Example 4 2779.2 1579.7 93.7 Experimental Example 5-1 Example 5 2763.6 1559.8 93.4 Experimental Example 6-1 Example 6 2747.8 1541.3 93.2 Experimental Example 7-1 Example 7 2732.1 1523.7 92.9 Experimental Example 8-1 Example 8 2717.3 1507.0 92.7 Experimental Example 9-1 Example 9 3016.2 1969.9 103.0 Experimental Example 10-1 Example 10 3003.7 1912.6 101.5 Experimental Example 11-1 Example 11 2983.6 1862.8 100.4 Experimental Example 12-1 Example 12 2959.2 1818.9 99.5 Experimental Example 13-1 Example 13 2933.6 1779.6 98.8 Experimental Example 14-1 Example 14 2907.4 1744.1 98.2 Experimental Example 15-1 Example 15 2882.3 1711.8 97.7 Experimental Example 16-1 Example 16 2858.5 1682.0 97.2 Experimental Example 17-1 Example 17 2835.9 1654.5 96.8 Experimental Example 18-1 Comparative Example 1 2545.6 1464.7 66.9 Experimental Example 19-1 Comparative Example 2 2703.1 1491.1 92.6 Experimental Example 20-1 Comparative Example 3 2815.1 1628.9 96.4 Experimental Example 21-1 Comparative Example 4 2570.0 1926.9 110.1 Experimental Example 22-1 Comparative Example 5 2744.5 2499.3 124.6

[0117] Heating evaluation (Outdoor temperature: -7 ℃) division Refrigerant combination Volumetric capacity (kJ / m²) 3 ) Compressor outlet pressure (kPaA) Compressor outlet temperature (°C) Experimental Example 1-2 Example 1 1493.0 1160.0 92.6 Experimental Example 2-2 Example 2 1476.3 1138.8 92.1 Experimental Example 3-2 Example 3 1459.2 1119.7 91.8 Experimental Example 4-2 Example 4 1442.1 1102.3 91.5 Experimental Example 5-2 Example 5 1425.8 1086.2 91.3 Experimental Example 6-2 Example 6 1410.4 1071.2 91.2 Experimental Example 7-2 Example 7 1395.9 1057.0 91.0 Experimental Example 8-2 Example 8 1382.6 1043.6 90.9 Experimental Example 9-2 Example 9 1661.9 1404.0 101.7 Experimental Example 10-2 Example 10 1635.6 1358.1 100.3 Experimental Example 11-2 Example 11 1607.8 1318.4 99.3 Experimental Example 12-2 Example 12 1580.0 1283.5 98.5 Experimental Example 13-2 Example 13 1553.5 1252.4 97.9 Experimental Example 14-2 Example 14 1528.7 1224.4 97.3 Experimental Example 15-2 Example 15 1506.1 1198.9 96.9 Experimental Example 16-2 Example 16 1485.0 1175.5 96.4 Experimental Example 17-2 Example 17 1465.8 1153.9 96.0 Experimental Example 18-2 Comparative Example 1 1309.2 1018.4 50.8 Experimental Example 19-2 Comparative Example 2 1369.9 1030.8 90.7 Experimental Example 20-2 Comparative Example 3 1448.1 1133.7 95.6 Experimental Example 21-2 Comparative Example 4 1466.1 1402.1 107.9 Experimental Example 22-2 Comparative Example 5 1644.7 1839.0 125.0

[0119] Heating evaluation (Outdoor temperature: -20 ℃) division Refrigerant combination Volumetric capacity (kJ / m²) 3 ) Compressor outlet pressure (kPaA) Compressor outlet temperature (°C) Experimental Example 1-3 Example 1 1102.3 685.2 73.0 Experimental Example 2-3 Example 2 1087.0 669.8 72.5 Experimental Example 3-3 Example 3 1071.8 656.1 72.1 Experimental Example 4-3 Example 4 1057.1 643.7 71.9 Experimental Example 5-3 Example 5 1043.3 632.3 71.7 Experimental Example 6-3 Example 6 1030.4 621.7 71.5 Experimental Example 7-3 Example 7 1018.3 611.7 71.3 Experimental Example 8-3 Example 8 1007.2 602.3 71.2 Experimental Example 9-3 Example 9 1233.9 845.8 82.3 Experimental Example 10-3 Example 10 1210.8 813.8 80.9 Experimental Example 11-3 Example 11 1186.7 786.3 79.9 Experimental Example 12-3 Example 12 1163.1 762.2 79.1 Experimental Example 13-3 Example 13 1141.1 740.8 78.5 Experimental Example 14-3 Example 14 1120.6 721.6 77.9 Experimental Example 15-3 Example 15 1102.1 704.1 77.4 Experimental Example 16-3 Example 16 1085.0 688.0 77.0 Experimental Example 17-3 Example 17 1069.4 673.2 76.5 Experimental Example 18-3 Comparative Example 1 1014.9 591.7 32.9 Experimental Example 19-3 Comparative Example 2 996.7 593.3 70.9 Experimental Example 20-3 Comparative Example 3 1055.1 659.3 76.1 Experimental Example 21-3 Comparative Example 4 1096.2 870.2 89.4 Experimental Example 22-3 Comparative Example 5 1229.5 1157.2 106.4

[0121] Referring to Table 5, in the examples comprising R-13I1, R-152a, and R-32 as refrigerants, wherein the content of R-13I1 is 20% to 60% by weight of the total weight of the refrigerant composition, the volumetric capacity in the cooling evaluation (outdoor temperature of 45°C) is 2717.3 kJ / m² 3 This was the case, and the compressor outlet temperature was 103.0 ℃ or lower.

[0122] Volumetric capacity is the amount of energy a refrigerant can contain per unit volume; the larger the volumetric capacity, the greater the amount of energy that an equal volume of refrigerant can move, making it a refrigerant with good air conditioning performance.

[0123] In Examples 9 to 13, in which the content of R-152a and R-32 was included in an amount of 40% to 60% by weight of the total weight of the refrigerant composition, the volumetric capacity increased compared to Example 1.

[0124] In Comparative Example 1, where R-1234yf was used alone as the refrigerant, the volumetric capacity decreased compared to Example 1.

[0125] In Comparative Examples 2 and 3, which included R-13I1, R-152a, and R-32 as refrigerants but had a R-13I1 content of less than 20% by weight of the total weight of the refrigerant composition, the volumetric capacity decreased compared to Example 1.

[0126] In Comparative Examples 4 and 5, which included R-13I1, R-152a, and R-32 as refrigerants but had a R-13I1 content of more than 60% by weight of the total weight of the refrigerant composition, the volumetric capacity decreased and the compressor outlet temperature increased compared to Example 1.

[0127] Referring to Table 6, in the examples containing R-13I1, R-152a, and R-32 as refrigerants, with the content of R-13I1 ranging from 20% to 60% by weight of the total weight of the refrigerant composition, the volumetric capacity in the heating evaluation (outdoor temperature of -7°C) is 1382.6 kJ / m² 3 This was the case, and the compressor outlet temperature was 101.7 ℃ or lower.

[0128] In Examples 9 to 13, in which the content of R-152a and R-32 was included in an amount of 40% to 60% by weight of the total weight of the refrigerant composition, the volumetric capacity increased compared to Example 1.

[0129] In Comparative Example 1, where R-1234yf was used alone as the refrigerant, the volumetric capacity decreased and the compressor outlet temperature increased compared to Example 1.

[0130] In Comparative Examples 2 and 3, which included R-13I1, R-152a, and R-32 as refrigerants but had a R-13I1 content of less than 20% by weight of the total weight of the refrigerant composition, the volumetric capacity decreased compared to Example 1.

[0131] In Comparative Examples 4 and 5, which included R-13I1, R-152a, and R-32 as refrigerants but in which the content of R-13I1 was greater than 60% by weight of the total weight of the refrigerant composition, the compressor outlet temperature increased compared to Example 1.

[0132] Referring to Table 7, in the examples containing R-13I1, R-152a, and R-32 as refrigerants, with the content of R-13I1 ranging from 20% to 60% by weight of the total weight of the refrigerant composition, the volumetric capacity in the heating evaluation (outdoor temperature of -20°C) is 1007.2 kJ / m² 3 This was the case, and the compressor outlet temperature was 71.2 ℃ or lower.

[0133] In Examples 9 to 13, in which the content of R-152a and R-32 was included in an amount of 40% to 60% by weight of the total weight of the refrigerant composition, the volumetric capacity increased compared to Example 1.

[0134] In Comparative Example 1, where R-1234yf was used alone as the refrigerant, the volumetric capacity decreased compared to Example 1.

[0135] In Comparative Examples 2 and 3, which included R-13I1, R-152a, and R-32 as refrigerants but had a R-13I1 content of less than 20% by weight of the total weight of the refrigerant composition, the volumetric capacity decreased compared to Example 1.

[0136] If the compressor outlet pressure and temperature increase, the heat resistance temperature and pressure resistance of the components applied to the air conditioning system (e.g., heat exchanger) may be exceeded during operation, which may reduce the durability of the air conditioning system.

[0137] In Comparative Examples 4 and 5, which included R-13I1, R-152a, and R-32 as refrigerants but had a R-13I1 content of more than 60% by weight of the total weight of the refrigerant composition, the compressor outlet pressure and temperature increased compared to Example 1.

Claims

Claim 1 A mixed refrigerant composition comprising trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), and difluoromethane (R-32), wherein the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) is 20% to 60% by weight of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition, and the content of the difluoromethane (R-32) is 5% to 20% by weight of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition. Claim 2 A mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1, wherein the content of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition is 30% to 75% by weight, and the content of difluoromethane (R-32) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition is 5% to 10% by weight. Claim 3 A mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1, wherein the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition is 40% to 60% by weight. Claim 4 A mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1, wherein the sum of the content of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) and the content of difluoromethane (R-32) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition is 40% to 60% by weight. Claim 5 A mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) to the content of the 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition is 0.1 to 10. Claim 6 A mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the content of difluoromethane (R-32) to the content of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition is 0.01 to 1. Claim 7 A mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 6, wherein the ratio of the content of difluoromethane (R-32) to the content of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition is 0.01 to 0.

5. Claim 8 A mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1, wherein the boiling point of the mixed refrigerant composition at 1 atm is -50 ℃ to -25 ℃. Claim 9 A mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1, wherein the critical temperature of the mixed refrigerant composition is 90 ℃ to 120 ℃. Claim 10 A mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1, wherein the critical pressure of the mixed refrigerant composition is 35 bar to 60 bar. Claim 11 A mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1, wherein the temperature glide of the mixed refrigerant composition at a pressure of 1.5 bar is 1 ℃ to 15 ℃. Claim 12 A mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1, wherein the temperature glide of the mixed refrigerant composition at a pressure of 15 bar is 1 ℃ to 10 ℃. Claim 13 A mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1, wherein the latent heat of the mixed refrigerant composition at -25 ℃ is 150 kJ / kg to 300 kJ / kg. Claim 14 A mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1, wherein the Global Warming Potentials (GWP) of the mixed refrigerant composition is 30 to 160. Claim 15 A heat pump comprising the mixed refrigerant composition of claim 1.

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