A Generating Device of the Dual Circularly-Polarized Waves

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dual circular polarization generator, and more specifically, comprises: a rectangular metal body separated by a horizontal metal wall; an upper rectangular box and a lower rectangular box arranged above and below the rectangular metal body; a microstrip substrate printed with a first 180° hybrid coupler and a second 180° hybrid coupler located inside the rectangular box; two coaxial lines that pass through the horizontal metal wall and are individually connected to the differential channel terminals of the two 180° hybrid couplers; a 90° hybrid coupler printed on the microstrip substrate provided to be connected to two locations on one side of the coaxial lines; a lower rectangular box including the 90° hybrid coupler; two coaxial probes installed on the outer wall of the lower rectangular box and operating as output ports of the entire dual circular polarization generator; an electromagnetic wave absorber for suppressing unwanted electromagnetic waves generated from the two 180° hybrid couplers and one 90° hybrid coupler; and the electromagnetic wave The goal is to provide a dual circular polarization generator characterized by being composed of an upper metal cover and a lower metal cover that not only adhere closely to the absorber but also serve as a cover for the entire device.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a dual circular polarization generator, and more particularly to a dual circular polarization generator characterized by simultaneously generating dual circular polarization (RHCP and LHCP) signals in a feedhorn assembly fed by a plurality of radiating elements or a plurality of coaxial probes. Background Technology

[0003] In order to require a stronger channel environment in mobile communication networks or to reduce fading effects caused by multipath, communication antennas or radar antennas are often required to receive RHCP and LHCP signals simultaneously. In particular, in low-orbit satellite communication environments where signals are received from multiple targets in real time, it is necessary to receive RHCP and LHCP signals simultaneously.

[0004] In the case of a reflector antenna with high-gain characteristics, the ability to transmit and receive dual circular polarization depends on the feed. A typical reflector antenna can simultaneously form dual circular polarization by installing a waveguide diaphragm polarizer, dielectric polarizer, or iris polarizer at the end of the feed. In contrast, for feeds in a relatively low frequency range, dual circular polarization is formed by applying multiple dipole, loop, or monopole radiating elements, or by feeding a coaxial horn feed through multiple coaxial probes. When using multiple radiating elements or coaxial probes in this manner, it is common practice to generate dual circular polarization by aligning the electric field directions of the radiating elements or coaxial probes facing each other to form vertical and horizontal polarizations, respectively, and then connecting a 90° hybrid coupler to the individual outputs forming each polarization. Such conventional methods often require two or more 180° hybrid couplers, one or more 90° hybrid couplers, and multiple coaxial cables, which not only increases the overall feed loss but also causes the antenna G / T to degrade in the entire receiving system. Furthermore, due to structural issues involving the connection of multiple coupler circuit components and multiple coaxial cables, it presents a problem of increased installation space for the circuit network required to implement dual circular polarization. Prior art literature

[0005] Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-2686004 ("Monopulse Feed", Publication Date July 12, 2024) Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-2813780 ("Simultaneous Dual Circular Polarization Antenna", Publication Date May 23, 2025) Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-2805614 ("Dual-band Monopulse Feed", Publication Date May 7, 2025) The problem to be solved

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the aforementioned conventional problems. In a feed feed operated by four radiating elements or four coaxial probes, general double circular polarization is implemented by connecting two 180° hybrid couplers, one 90° hybrid coupler, and six or more coaxial cables. In such cases, the loss of the circuit network for forming double circular polarization increases due to the loss of individual coupler components and the loss of the coaxial cables connecting them. Furthermore, a problem arises in that the overall size of the feed feed increases because a larger installation space is required during the process of connecting the components and coaxial cables. Additionally, the circuit network for forming double circular polarization by connecting multiple coaxial cables becomes a factor that degrades the G / T index, which is the reception performance of the antenna. The present invention aims to solve the problems of such conventional dual circular polarization forming networks by providing a dual circular polarization generator that can reduce installation space and improve the reception G / T index of the entire antenna by significantly improving the loss of the entire network by arranging two integrated 180° hybrid couplers and one 90° hybrid coupler in a square metal body having different layers. means of solving the problem

[0008] The present invention provides a dual circular polarization generator for solving the above-mentioned problems, characterized by having a square metal body divided into upper and lower sections by a horizontal metal wall, placing a microstrip substrate with two 180° hybrid couplers printed simultaneously in the upper square box of the square metal body, placing a microstrip substrate with one 90° hybrid coupler printed thereon in the lower square box of the square metal body, and configuring a coaxial probe passing through the horizontal metal wall to connect the difference signal ports of the two 180° hybrid couplers and the input port of the 90° hybrid coupler, thereby significantly reducing the size of the entire power supply network and significantly reducing losses caused by connecting multiple coaxial cables. Effects of the invention

[0009] The dual circular polarization generator according to the present invention provides the following effects.

[0010] First, the center of the square metal body is separated by a horizontal metal wall, and then two 180° hybrid couplers are individually placed in the upper square box and one 90° hybrid coupler is placed in the lower square box, thereby effectively providing a dual circularly polarized signal to a feed feed or antenna structure having four radiating elements or four coaxial probes.

[0011] Second, the invention is characterized by minimizing overall circuit loss by separating two microstrip substrates, each printed with two 180° hybrid couplers and one 90° hybrid coupler, based on a horizontal metal wall located in the center of a square metal body, and then providing a coaxial probe having a cylindrical hole passing through the horizontal metal wall as an external conductor to connect the output terminals of the two 180° hybrid couplers and the input terminals of the 90° hybrid couplers.

[0012] Third, by covering the upper surface of the upper square box on which the substrate printed with two 180° hybrid couplers is placed with an upper cover having a radio wave absorber attached thereto, it is characterized by minimizing radiation from the circuit lines and providing the effect of significantly reducing losses in the entire circuit network.

[0013] Fourth, in the same way, it is characterized by providing minimized feed line losses by applying a electromagnetic wave absorber between the circuit of the 90° hybrid coupler located inside the lower square metal box and the bottom cover of the square metal box. Brief explanation of the drawing

[65535] FIG. 1a is a three-dimensional drawing of a monopulse feed forming a dual circular polarization signal presented as an example of practical use of the present invention. FIG. 1b is a detailed drawing of a feed composed of four printed monopole elements presented according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a drawing specifically illustrating the structure constituting a conventional dual circular polarization in one embodiment of a dual circular polarization generator according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional drawing of the overall external shape in one embodiment of a dual circular polarization generator according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a drawing showing the overall configuration arranged in detail from top to bottom to explain the specific operation process of the dual circular polarization generator according to the present invention. FIG. 5 is a detailed drawing illustrating the arrangement of a first 180° hybrid coupler and a second 180° hybrid coupler located in an upper metal box in one embodiment of a dual circular polarization generator according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a drawing showing the arrangement of one 90° hybrid coupler located in a lower square box and the surrounding area in one embodiment of a dual circular polarization generator according to the present invention. Figure 7 is a drawing specifically illustrating the structure, illustrating the reflection coefficient and isolation degree at the final output port according to one embodiment of the dual circular polarization generator according to the present invention, Figure 8 is a drawing illustrating the axial ratio characteristics according to one embodiment of the dual circular polarization generator according to the present invention, and Figure 9 is a drawing illustrating the loss of the entire circuit network according to one embodiment of the dual circular polarization generator according to the present invention. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0016] Hereinafter, a dual circular polarization generator according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. The attached drawings illustrate exemplary forms of the present invention and are provided only to explain the present invention in more detail, and the technical scope of the present invention is not limited by them. Furthermore, identical or corresponding components regardless of the drawing symbols are assigned the same reference number, and redundant descriptions thereof are omitted. For convenience of explanation, the size and shape of each illustrated component may be exaggerated or reduced. Also, for the sake of conciseness, parentheses and component numbers following the component name are omitted when the component being referred to can be easily understood from the surrounding context. FIG. 1 is a drawing illustrating the overall shape of a monopulse feed that has dual circular polarization characteristics and simultaneously forms a difference channel, provided to explain a specific embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1a above specifically describes the overall shape of the presented feed feed, and Figure 1b is a drawing regarding the arrangement of four printed monopole elements for a combined channel to specifically explain the application process of the dual circular polarization generator according to the present invention.The dual circularly polarized monopulse feed feed (100) specifically illustrated in FIG. 1a is characterized by comprising a body (110) of the feed feed, a circular cavity (111) located at the top of the feed feed body, a circular metal plate (112) installed on the bottom surface of the circular cavity to serve as a ground for the entire feed, two printed cross dipole elements (121, 123) for forming a differential channel signal in the elevation direction having dual circular polarization characteristics on the circular metal plate, two printed cross dipole elements (122, 124) for simultaneously forming a differential channel signal in the azimuth direction having dual circular polarization characteristics on the circular metal plate, and four printed monopol elements (131, 132, 133, 134) disposed between the four cross dipole elements inside the circular cavity to obtain a combined channel pattern having dual circular polarization characteristics in the azimuth and elevation directions. FIG. 1b is a drawing specifically illustrating the arrangement of four monopole elements, feed point locations, and electrical directions for simultaneously forming a combined channel signal having double circular polarization characteristics in the double circular polarization monopulse feed feed (100). The double circular polarization monopulse feed feed is characterized by being composed of a circular cavity (111) constituting the double circular polarization monopulse feed feed, a first monopole element (131) arranged in the +135° direction within the circular cavity and a feed point (141) to which a signal is applied, a second monopole element (132) arranged in the +45° direction within the circular cavity and a feed point (142) to which a signal is applied, a third monopole element (133) arranged in the -45° direction within the circular cavity and a feed point (143) to which a signal is applied, and a fourth monopole element (134) arranged in the -135° direction within the circular cavity and a feed point (144) to which a signal is applied.More specifically, the first monopole element within the circular cavity has an electric field in the A1 direction directed at +135° from the center of the circular cavity, and in the same way, the second, third, and fourth monopole elements have electric fields formed in the directions A2, A3, and A4, respectively, from the center of the circular cavity as indicated in the drawing. FIG. 2 is a detailed diagram illustrating a conventional component arrangement for simultaneously obtaining dual circularly polarized signals in a conventional feed feed presented through a configuration such as FIG. 1b. Referring to FIG. 2, a conventional component configuration for forming a dual circularly polarized signal comprises: four monopole elements (131, 132, 133, 134) provided within a metal cavity constituting the feed feed; four feed points (141, 142, 143, 144) each connected to the four monopole elements; four coaxial cables (151, 152, 153, 154) directly connected to the four feed points; a first 180° hybrid coupler (161) connecting elements A1 and A3 among the four monopole elements, wherein the electric field is arranged in reverse phase in the -45° direction; a second 180° hybrid coupler (162) connecting elements A2 and A4 among the four monopole elements, wherein the electric field is arranged in reverse phase in the +45° direction; and two coaxial cables connected to the difference signal output ports of the two 180° hybrid couplers. It is characterized by being composed of two 50-W matching loads (165, 166) directly connected to cables (163, 164) and sum signal output ports, a 90° hybrid coupler (170) connected to the two coaxial cables, a first output port (171) that forms a left-circular polarization component through one side output of the 90° hybrid coupler, and a second output port (172) that forms a right-circular polarization component through one side output of the 90° hybrid coupler in the same way.As shown in FIG. 2, in order to form dual circular polarization in a conventional feed, two 180° hybrid couplers, one 90° hybrid coupler, and six coaxial cables are required. The dual circular polarization generator (200) according to the present invention, described with reference to FIG. 3 which shows the overall structure, is characterized by being composed of an upper metal cover (211) that serves as a cover for the dual circular polarization generator, a square metal body (213) provided to be electrically and mechanically connected to the upper metal cover, four input ports (241, 242, 243, 244) installed on the outer metal wall of the square metal body, two output ports (251, 252) located on the front of the square metal body, and a lower metal cover (215) which is positioned below the square metal body and has a fixing hole for connecting the entire dual circular polarization generator to the outside. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the overall configuration arranged in an up / down direction to explain the specific operation concept of the dual circular polarization generator (200) according to the present invention.Specifically examining the dual circular polarization generator according to the present invention, the device comprises: an upper metal cover (211) serving as a cover for the dual circular polarization generator; an electromagnetic wave absorber (212) attached in close contact with the metal cover to reduce unwanted electromagnetic waves radiated from a microstrip substrate below; a microstrip substrate (216) having a first 180° hybrid coupler (260) and a second 180° hybrid coupler (270) printed below the electromagnetic wave absorber; two input ports (241, 244) connected to the first 180° hybrid coupler; a first channel terminal (265) connecting signals incident from the two input ports with a 180° phase difference; two input ports (242, 243) connected to the second 180° hybrid coupler; a second channel terminal (275) that bundles signals incident from the two input ports with a 180° phase difference; and the It is characterized by comprising: a square metal body (213) separated into an upper square box and a lower square box via a horizontal metal wall, having four input ports on the left and right sides as well as two 180° hybrid couplers (260, 270) printed on the microstrip substrate, two output ports (251, 252) provided on the front of the square metal body, an electromagnetic wave absorber (214) for reducing unwanted electromagnetic waves in a circuit printed on a microstrip substrate (not shown in FIG. 4; see FIG. 5) fixed to the lower square box of the metal body, and a lower metal cover (215) having a fixing hole for connecting to another structure as well as being attached in close contact with the electromagnetic wave absorber. FIG. 5 is a drawing specifically illustrating the configuration of a first 180° hybrid coupler located in the upper square box of a square metal body, and the connection between the differential channel terminal (265) of the first 180° hybrid coupler and a 90° hybrid coupler located in the lower square box of a square metal body.Looking specifically at the configuration of the dual circular polarization generator according to the present invention based on the drawing of FIG. 5 above, the dual circular polarization generator comprises a rectangular metal body (213) including the entire configuration, two input ports (241, 244) installed on the left and right walls of the rectangular metal body, two 50-W microstrip lines (261, 262) connected to the two input ports, a branch line (263) where a sum channel signal of two signals incident from the two 50-W microstrip lines is formed, a 50-W resistor (264) provided to match the end of the branch line, a first channel terminal (265) where a difference signal of two signals incident from the two 50-W microstrips is formed, a cylindrical metal body (266) electrically connected to the center of a circular pad constituting the first channel terminal via a soldering method, a Teflon dielectric (267) surrounding the cylindrical metal body, and the Teflon dielectric of It is characterized by being composed of a horizontal metal wall (218) that completely surrounds the circumference, a microstrip substrate (217) that is attached in close contact with the lower surface of the horizontal metal wall, a 90° hybrid coupler (280) printed on the microstrip substrate, and a first input port (281) in which the 90° hybrid coupler and the cylindrical metal body (266) are electrically connected.In the same manner as shown in FIG. 4, in an embodiment according to the present invention, the dual circular polarization generator is configured through a second 180° hybrid coupler (270) located in the upper square box of a square metal body constituting the whole and a second channel terminal (275), and is characterized by being composed of a cylindrical metal body (276) electrically connected to the center of a circular pad constituting the second channel terminal via a soldering method, a Teflon dielectric (277) surrounding the cylindrical metal body, a horizontal metal wall (218) tightly surrounding the circumference of the Teflon dielectric, a microstrip substrate (217) attached in close contact with the lower surface of the horizontal metal wall and a 90° hybrid coupler (280) printed thereon, and a second input port (282) electrically connected to the 90° hybrid coupler and the cylindrical metal body (277). In one embodiment according to the present invention, in such a configuration, when the signal incident on the first input port of the 90° hybrid coupler (280) forms a horizontal polarization component of the entire feed feed, the signal incident on the second input port forms a vertical polarization component. FIG. 6 is a drawing specifically illustrating the appearance of the lower square box of the square metal body constituting the dual circular polarization generator and the surrounding structure in a specific embodiment of the dual circular polarization generator according to the present invention.With reference to FIG. 6, the process of the dual circular polarization generator according to the present invention simultaneously forming dual circular polarization is described in detail. In a specific example according to the present invention, if the signal incident through the first input port (281) is horizontal polarization and the signal incident through the second input port (282) is a vertical polarization component, the signal coming out through the first output port (251) after the two input signals pass through the 90° hybrid coupler forms a left-circular polarization signal, and the signal coming out through the second output port (252) after passing through the 90° hybrid coupler forms a right-circular polarization signal. FIG. 7 is a drawing (410) showing the reflection coefficient and the isolation between ports viewed from the two output ports (251, 252) of the dual circular polarization generator in a specific embodiment of the dual circular polarization generator (200) according to the present invention. The reflection coefficient (411) at the RHCP port of the dual circular polarization generator has a value of -10 dB or less at a frequency of 0.735 - 1.270 fc, and the isolation (412) between the RHCP and LHCP ports of the dual circular polarization generator has a performance of -15 dB or less at a frequency of 0.809 - 1.233 fc. FIG. 8 is a predicted result of the frequency-dependent axial ratio expected in a final radiator when the dual circular polarization generator according to the present invention is provided to a radiator composed of four coaxial probes or four radiating elements to simultaneously form dual circular polarization signals (RHCP and LHCP) in one embodiment of the dual circular polarization generator (200) according to the present invention. When the dual circular polarization generator according to the present invention is applied to a radiator, it is characterized by having an axial ratio characteristic of 1 dB or less within the frequency range of 0.828 fc - 1.194 fc.FIG. 9 is a drawing (440) showing power supply losses by each input / output port and internal microstrip line, etc., based on one output port constituting the dual circular polarization generator (200) according to the present invention, and the dual circular polarization generator is characterized by having a loss of 0.5 dB or less within the frequency range of 0.667 fc - 1.325 fc.

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[0028] delete Explanation of the symbols

[0030] 100 : Dual-band monopulse feed 200: Dual circular polarization generator 211 : Upper metal cover 212, 214: Electromagnetic wave absorber 213 : Square metal body 215 : Lower metal cover 218 : Horizontal metal wall 260 : 1st 180° Hybrid Coupler 270 : 2nd 180° Hybrid Coupler 280:90° Hybrid Coupler

Claims

Claim 1 A rectangular metal body is provided, which is divided into an upper rectangular box and a lower rectangular box by a horizontal metal wall; within the upper rectangular box, a microstrip substrate printed with a first 180° hybrid coupler and a second 180° hybrid coupler is provided, four coaxial probes are connected to the input ports of the two 180° hybrid couplers, and a radio wave absorber and an upper metal cover are sequentially provided to suppress unwanted electromagnetic waves generated from the lines printed on the microstrip substrate; within the lower rectangular box, a microstrip substrate printed with one 90° hybrid coupler is provided, two coaxial probes connected to the output terminals of the 90° hybrid coupler are arranged, and a radio wave absorber and a lower metal cover are sequentially provided to suppress unwanted electromagnetic waves caused by the lines of the microstrip substrate in the lower rectangular box, and the two output terminals of the two 180° hybrid couplers in the upper rectangular box and one in the lower rectangular box A dual circular polarization generator characterized by being configured to include a coaxial line formed through a horizontal metal wall to connect two input terminals of a 90° hybrid coupler. Claim 2 A dual circular polarization generating device according to claim 1, characterized by simultaneously forming dual circular polarization by respectively providing two 180° hybrid couplers and one 90° hybrid coupler in an upper square box and a lower square box positioned above and below a square metal body. Claim 3 A dual circular polarization generator according to claim 1, characterized in that total loss is minimized by connecting two final output terminals formed by two 180° hybrid couplers and two input terminals of one 90° hybrid coupler using a coaxial line inserted into a horizontal metal wall dividing the upper and lower parts of the square metal body. Claim 4 A dual circular polarization generator according to claim 1, characterized by suppressing unwanted electromagnetic waves caused by a microstrip line by placing a radio wave absorber and an upper metal cover on a microstrip substrate having two 180° hybrid couplers printed thereon within an upper square box of the square metal body. Claim 5 A dual circular polarization generator according to claim 1, characterized by suppressing unwanted electromagnetic waves caused by a microstrip line by sequentially arranging a radio wave absorber and a lower metal cover below a microstrip substrate having one 90° hybrid coupler printed thereon within the lower metal box of the square metal body.

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