Front windshield and vehicle

Abstract

The present embodiment provides a windshield and a vehicle. The windshield is used in combination with a laser radar system located inside the vehicle, and the laser radar system is used to emit P-polarized light toward the windshield and / or receive P-polarized light, and the wavelength λ of the P-polarized light is within the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1600 nm. The windshield comprises an outer layer glass, an inner layer glass, and an intermediate adhesive film, and the intermediate adhesive film is located between the outer layer glass and the inner layer glass. The windshield has a signal pass area, and P-polarized light is incident on the signal pass area at an angle of incidence θ of 0.942 rad to 1.222 rad, and the signal pass area has a transmittance greater than or equal to 83% for the incident P-polarized light.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to windshields and vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] As people's living standards continue to improve and vehicles become increasingly commonplace, ensuring driving safety has become an urgent and critical issue that needs to be resolved. Currently, many vehicles are equipped with radar systems to assist drivers in safe driving. For example, according to the classification of "Vehicle Driving Automation Levels," autonomous driving levels are divided into L0 (Emergency Assistance), L1 (Partial Driving Assistance), L2 (Combined Driving Assistance), L3 (Conditional Automated Driving), L4 (Highly Automated Driving), and L5 (Fully Automated Driving). The current mainstream consensus in the industry is that vehicles at L2 level or higher must be equipped with laser radar (LiDAR).

[0003] The wavelengths of the lasers emitted by laser radars used in vehicles are 905nm and 1550nm. The advantage of lasers is that they do not diverge and maintain focus even over long distances. However, this prevents them from bypassing obstacles. They are significantly hindered by weather conditions such as rain, fog, and dust storms, and may even become inoperable. Therefore, instead of mounting laser radars on the exterior of the vehicle as in conventional technology, it is necessary to fully integrate them into the vehicle's interior, specifically mounting them on the inner surface of the windshield. However, all lasers emitted and received by the laser radar installed inside the vehicle must pass through the windshield. Both 905nm and 1550nm wavelengths belong to the near-infrared frequency band. However, conventional windshields have a relatively high blocking rate for near-infrared radiation to enhance thermal comfort inside the vehicle. Consequently, the transmittance of lasers with wavelengths of 905nm and 1550nm passing through the windshield is low, making it impossible to satisfy the requirements for the normal operation of the laser radar.

[0004] An embodiment of the present application provides a front windshield and a vehicle to ensure normal operation of the laser radar and increase the detection precision of the laser radar.

[0005] The present application provides a windshield glass used in combination with a laser radar system mounted on a vehicle and located inside the vehicle. The laser radar system is used to emit and / or receive P-polarized light, and the wavelength λ of the P-polarized light is within the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1600 nm. The windshield glass comprises an outer layer glass, an inner layer glass, and an intermediate adhesive film, wherein the intermediate adhesive film is located between the outer layer glass and the inner layer glass. The windshield glass has a signal-pass region, and P-polarized light is incident on the signal-pass region at an angle θ of incidence of 0.942 rad to 1.222 rad; the signal-pass region has a transmittance greater than or equal to 83% with respect to the incident P-polarized light, and the signal-pass region has a relative color coefficient α less than or equal to 0.06 with respect to the P-polarized light incident at an angle θ. (λ) It has, and α (λ) =(TL (380nm-780nm) -TL (λ) ) / TTL (380nm-780nm) is. TL (380nm-780nm) is the P-polarized transmittance for P-polarized light with a signal pass region within the wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm, and TL (λ) is the P-polarized transmittance for P-polarized light with wavelength λ, where the signal pass region is.

[0006] In one embodiment, the signal pass region has a relative coloration coefficient less than or equal to 0.04 for P-polarized light incident at an angle of incidence of 0 rad.

[0007] In one embodiment, the wavelength λ of the P-polarization is 905 nm, and the relative coloring coefficient α (905nm) is less than or equal to 0.028.

[0008] In one embodiment, the relative coloring coefficient α (905nm) The maximum rate of change K1 and the angle of incidence θ satisfy K1=0.006*θ+0.008.

[0009] In one embodiment, the wavelength λ of the P-polarization is 1550 nm, and the relative coloring coefficient α (1550nm)is less than or equal to 0.035.

[0010] In one embodiment, the relative coloring coefficient α (1550nm) The maximum rate of change K2 and the angle of incidence θ satisfy K2=0.02*θ+0.002.

[0011] In one embodiment, the front windshield glass further includes an insulating film and an electric heating film, the insulating film and the electric heating film are located between the outer glass layer and the inner glass layer, and the insulating film and the electric heating film are not installed in the signal passage area.

[0012] In one embodiment, a windshield glass including an insulating film has a solar energy transmittance of less than or equal to 50%, and a windshield glass including an electric heating film has a transmittance of 400 W / m² 2 It has a heating power density greater than or equal to.

[0013] In one embodiment, the intermediate adhesive film comprises at least one of PVB (polyvinyl butyral), EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer), and SGP (sentry glass plus).

[0014] In one embodiment, the outer layer glass and the inner layer glass are both ultra-transparent glass, the total iron content of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%, and the visible light transmittance of the ultra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%.

[0015] In one embodiment, the intermediate adhesive film has a first through hole corresponding to a signal passing area, and the first through hole may not be filled with another material or may be filled with an infrared high transmittance material, and the infrared high transmittance material includes at least one of EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer), POE (polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer), PC (polycarbonate), and PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate).

[0016] In one embodiment, the signal pass region has a relative coloration coefficient less than or equal to 0.02 for P-polarized light incident at an angle of incidence of 0 rad.

[0017] In one embodiment, the outer layer glass is clear glass or ultra-clear glass, the inner layer glass is clear glass or tinted glass, and a second through hole corresponding to a signal passing area is provided in the inner layer glass. The total iron content of the clear glass is less than or equal to 0.08 wt%, and the visible light transmittance of the clear glass is greater than or equal to 88%. The total iron content of the ultra-clear glass is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%, and the visible light transmittance of the ultra-clear glass is greater than or equal to 91%. The total iron content of the tinted glass is greater than or equal to 0.5 wt%, and the visible light transmittance of the tinted glass is greater than 70%.

[0018] In one embodiment, the intermediate adhesive film has a first through hole corresponding to a signal passing area, and the first through hole may not be filled with another material or may be filled with an infrared high transmittance material, and the infrared high transmittance material includes at least one of EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer), POE (polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer), PC (polycarbonate), and PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate).

[0019] In one embodiment, the center axis of the first through hole and the second through hole is combined, and the distance between the hole wall of the second through hole and the hole wall of the first through hole is b, and -1mm≤b≤2mm.

[0020] In one embodiment, the wavelength λ of the P-polarization is 905 nm, and the relative coloring coefficient α (905nm) is less than or equal to 0.05.

[0021] In one embodiment, the relative coloring coefficient α (905nm)The maximum rate of change K3 and the angle of incidence θ satisfy K3=0.015*θ+0.0035.

[0022] In one embodiment, the wavelength λ of the P-polarization is 1550 nm, and the relative coloring coefficient α (1550nm) is less than or equal to 0.06.

[0023] In one embodiment, the relative coloring coefficient α (1550nm) The maximum rate of change K4 and the angle of incidence θ satisfy K4=0.028*θ-0.001.

[0024] The present application also provides a vehicle. The vehicle comprises a laser radar system and any one of the aforementioned front windshields, the laser radar system is located inside the vehicle, and the laser radar system is used to emit P-polarized light toward the front windshield.

[0025] In the vehicle of the embodiment of the present application, a laser radar system is mounted inside the vehicle, and the structure and material of the front windshield are designed to reduce the absorption and reflection attenuation of P-polarized light by the front windshield, ensure high transmittance of P-polarized light by the front windshield, ensure that the operational efficiency of the laser radar system is not affected, ensure normal operation of the laser radar system as well as the detection range of the laser radar system, increase the detection precision of the laser radar system, and ensure the aesthetic appearance of the vehicle. In addition, the transparency of the detection light path of the laser radar system can be increased by assisting in cleaning the front windshield using the vehicle's own wiper system. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0026] In order to more clearly explain the embodiments of the present application or technical solutions according to prior art, the attached drawings necessary to explain the embodiments or prior art are briefly introduced below. It is evident that the attached drawings illustrated below are merely partial embodiments of the present application, and that those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 2 is a diagram explaining the path of P-polarized light when a laser radar system is operating in the vehicle shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the cross-sectional structure of one embodiment of the windshield shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 4 is a P-polarized light transmittance curve at different angles of incidence where the signal pass area of ​​the windshield used in Example 1 is different, and the wavelength of the P-polarized light is within the range of 380 nm to 780 nm. FIG. 5 is a P-polarized light transmittance curve at different angles of incidence where the signal pass area of ​​the windshield used in Example 1 is different, and the wavelength of the P-polarized light is within the range of 800 nm to 1600 nm. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the cross-sectional structure of another embodiment of the windshield shown in FIG. 1. FIG. Figure 7 is a P-polarization transmittance curve at different angles of incidence for the signal passing regions of the front windshield glass used in Examples 4 and 6, and the wavelength of P-polarization is within the range of 380 nm to 780 nm. Figure 8 is a P-polarization transmittance curve at different angles of incidence for the signal passing regions of the front windshield glass used in Examples 4 and 6, and the wavelength of P-polarization is within the range of 800 nm to 1600 nm. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0027] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application.

[0028] Referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] An embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle (100). The vehicle (100) includes a front windshield (110) and a laser radar system (120) located inside the vehicle (100). Specifically, the laser radar system (120) is mounted inside the vehicle (100). For example, the laser radar system (120) may be mounted near an interior rearview mirror (not shown) of the vehicle (100), may be mounted on the inner surface of the front windshield (110), and may be mounted on the vehicle body frame. The laser radar system (120) includes a laser emitter and a receiver. The laser emitter is used to emit a detection laser toward the front windshield (110), and said laser passes through the front windshield (110) to detect a target object. The target object can reflect some of the laser, and some of the laser reflected by the target object passes back through the front windshield (110) and is received by the receiver. The laser emitted by the laser irradiator is a polarized P-polarized light. The P-polarized light is near-infrared, and the wavelength of the P-polarized light is between 800 nm and 1600 nm. For example, the wavelength of the P-polarized light can be 850 nm, 905 nm, 1060 nm, or 1550 nm, etc.

[0030] In addition, the field of view of the laser emitted from the laser irradiator ranges from -60 to 60 degrees in the horizontal direction and from -15 to 10 degrees in the vertical direction. The angle of view between the center of the laser irradiator's firing direction and the horizontal plane ranges from 0 to 30 degrees.

[0031] Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the path of P-polarization when the laser radar system (120) of the vehicle shown in FIG. 1 is in operation. In FIG. 2, the straight line with the filled arrow is the path of P-polarization.

[0032] P-polarized light emitted from the laser irradiator of the laser radar system (120) reaches the target object (200) after passing through the front windshield (110). The target object reflects a portion of the P-polarized light. The reflected P-polarized light returns to the laser radar system (120) after passing through the front windshield (110) and is received by the receiver. Thus, the laser radar system (120) obtains spatial information, such as the distance and bearing between the target object (200) and the vehicle (100), and effectively assists the driver in safe driving.

[0033] In this embodiment, the front windshield glass (110) is an arc-shaped plate, and the front windshield glass (110) has an angle of inclination α. ​​The angle of incident (AOI) θ of the P-polarized light is between 54 degrees and 70 degrees, that is, the angle of incident θ of the P-polarized light is between 0.942 rad and 1.222 rad. Here, the angle of incident θ of the P-polarized light is the narrow angle between the P-polarized light and the normal (O) of the point of incidence. For example, the angle of inclination α and the angle of incident θ of the front windshield glass (110) are approximately complementary, that is, the sum of α and θ is approximately 90 degrees, that is, the sum of α and θ is approximately 1.57 rad.

[0034] Referring to FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the cross-sectional structure of one embodiment of the front windshield glass (110) shown in FIG. 1.

[0035] The front windshield glass (110) has a signal passing area (111). A P-polarized signal can pass through the signal passing area (111) of the front windshield glass (110). In this embodiment, the P-polarized transmittance of the signal passing area (111) is greater than or equal to 83%. The relative tinted coefficient α(λ) for P-polarized light incident at an angle of incidence θ in the signal passing area (111) is less than or equal to 0.06. α(λ)=(TL (380nm~780nm) -TL (λ) / TL (380nm~780nm)). Here, λ represents the wavelength of P-polarization, and TL (λ) represents the P-polarization transmittance for P-polarization with wavelength λ in the signal pass region (111), and TL (380nm~780nm) represents the transmittance for P-polarized light in which the signal pass region (111) has a wavelength within the range of 380 nm to 780 nm, and TL (380nm~780nm) It can be calculated according to the ISO9050 standard. Also, the relative coloration coefficient for P-polarized light incident at an angle of incidence of 0 rad in the signal pass region (111) is less than or equal to 0.04.

[0036] In this embodiment, the front windshield glass (110) includes an outer layer glass (10), an inner layer glass (20), an insulating film (30), and an intermediate adhesive film (40). The outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20) are installed facing each other with a gap. Both the insulating film (30) and the intermediate adhesive film (40) are located between the outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20). The insulating film (30) is located on the surface of the outer layer glass (10) facing the inner layer glass (20), and the intermediate adhesive film (40) covers the insulating film (30). The outer layer glass (10) is a part of the front windshield glass (110) facing the outside of the vehicle (100), and the inner layer glass (20) is a part of the front windshield glass (110) facing the inside of the vehicle (100).

[0037] Both the outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20) are ultra-transparent glass. The total iron content (calculated as Fe2O3) of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%, and the visible light transmittance of the ultra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%, thereby ensuring the visible light transmittance of the front windshield glass (110). It is necessary to explain that the iron ions in the ultra-transparent glass exist in the form of iron trioxide (Fe2O3) and iron oxide (FeO). The thickness of both the outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20) is less than or equal to 2.3 mm, and the overall strength of the front windshield glass (110) can be ensured without increasing the weight of the vehicle (100). In addition, to ensure the outer strength of the front windshield glass (110), the thickness of the outer layer glass (10) may be greater than or equal to the thickness of the inner layer glass (20).

[0038] The insulating film (30) is made of a material with low emissivity. For example, the insulating film (30) can be made of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), in which case the insulating film (30) can be formed on the surface of the outer layer glass (10) by depositing the fluorine-doped tin oxide online. Alternatively, the insulating film (30) can be made of indium tin oxide (ITO), in which case the insulating film (30) can be formed on the surface of the outer layer glass (10) by depositing the indium tin oxide offline. Alternatively, the insulating film can be made of a low-emissivity (LOW-E) silver-based material, in which case the insulating film (30) can be formed on the surface of the outer layer glass (10) by depositing the low-emissivity silver-based material offline.

[0039] The thickness of the insulating film (30) is between 100 nm and 500 nm. The total transition solar (TTS) of the insulating film (30) is less than or equal to 50%, which reduces heat transfer between the inside and outside of the vehicle (100) and ensures the insulation effect of the front windshield glass (110). Since the visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to 70%, the visible light transmittance of the front windshield glass (110) is ensured.

[0040] In this embodiment, the insulating film (30) is not installed in the signal passing area (111). Specifically, the insulating film (30) has a light-transmitting hole (301) corresponding to the signal passing area (111), and the light-transmitting hole (301) penetrates the insulating film (30) along the thickness direction of the insulating film (30). For example, after depositing the insulating film (30), the portion of the insulating film (30) corresponding to the signal passing area (111) can be removed using a laser engraving method, or the insulating film (30) can be formed by depositing it in a way that covers a mask, thereby forming the insulating film (30) and the light-transmitting hole (301) simultaneously. The diameter of the light-transmitting hole (301) may be equal to the diameter of the signal passing area (111) or larger than the diameter of the signal passing area (111). It can be understood that the light-transmitting hole (301) cannot be observed with the naked eye because the thickness of the insulating film (30) is nanometer-sized.

[0041] In some other embodiments, the front windshield (110) includes an electric heating element (not shown), and the electric heating element is not installed in the signal passing area (111). In this case, the front windshield (110) including the electric heating element has a power of 400 W / m² 2 It has a heating power density greater than or equal to.

[0042] The intermediate adhesive film (40) is bonded between the outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20) and realizes assembly between the outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20). For example, the intermediate adhesive film (40) can be filled within the light-transmitting hole (301). In this embodiment, the thickness of the intermediate adhesive film (40) is between 0.38 mm and 1.52 mm.

[0043] In this embodiment, the intermediate adhesive film (40) comprises at least one of PVB (polyvinyl butyral), EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer), and SGP (sentry glass plus). Specifically, the intermediate adhesive film (40) has a first through hole (401) corresponding to a signal passing area (111), and the first through hole (401) can be filled with an infrared high transmittance material. The infrared high transmittance material comprises at least one of EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer), POE (polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer), PC (polycarbonate), and PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate). In some other embodiments, the first through hole (401) may not be filled with another material.

[0044] In one embodiment, the intermediate adhesive film (40) includes a light-transmitting portion (41) and an adhesive portion (42). The light-transmitting portion (41) corresponds to the signal-passing area (111) and the light-transmitting hole (301), and the light-transmitting portion (41) is made of the infrared high transmittance material described above. The material of the adhesive portion (42) includes at least one of PVB (polyvinyl butyral), EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer), POE (polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer), PC (polycarbonate), and PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate). It is necessary to explain that the light-transmitting portion (41) and the light-transmitting hole (301) correspond to the light-transmitting portion (41), which means that the light-transmitting portion (41) covers the light-transmitting hole (301) in the thermal insulation film (30).

[0045] When the laser irradiator of the laser radar system (120) emits P-polarized light toward the front windshield glass (110), the P-polarized light passes through the signal transmission area (111) and is incident on the external environment. That is, after the P-polarized light is incident on the inner layer glass (20), it sequentially passes through the light transmission portion (41) of the intermediate adhesive film (40) and the light transmission hole (301) of the insulating film (30), and then is emitted from the outer layer glass (10). It can be seen that the material of the light transmission portion (41) of the intermediate adhesive film (40) can affect the P-polarized light transmittance of the signal transmission area (111) of the front windshield glass (110).

[0046] In one embodiment, the wavelength of the P-polarized light emitted by the laser irradiator of the laser radar system (120) is 905 nm. The light-transmitting portion (41) is made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The light-transmitting portion (41) and the adhesive portion (42) can be integrally molded. In this embodiment, when the angle of incidence θ of the P-polarized light is 0.942 rad to 1.222 rad, the relative coloring coefficient for the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm in the signal-passing region (111) is α (905nm) and α (905nm) is less than or equal to 0.028. When the angle of incidence θ of the P-polarized light is 0 rad, that is, when the P-polarized light is incident perpendicularly, the relative coloring coefficient for the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm in the signal pass region (111) is α (905nm) is less than or equal to 0.02.

[0047] As can be seen, the smaller the relative coloring coefficient α(λ) for P-polarized light with wavelength λ of the signal pass region (111), the higher the P-polarized light transmittance of the signal pass region (111) for P-polarized light with wavelength λ. In this embodiment, at different incident angles, the relative coloring coefficient α for P-polarized light with wavelength 905 nm of the signal pass region (111) (905nm) Since all of them are relatively small, the signal pass area (111) has a relatively high P-polarization transmittance for P-polarization with a wavelength of 905 nm, so it can satisfy the operating and detection distance requirements of the laser radar system (120).

[0048] Also, the relative coloring coefficient α of the signal pass region (111) for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm (905nm) The maximum rate of change for different incident angles θ is K1, and K1 = 0.006 * θ + 0.008. The angle of incidence θ is between 0.942 rad and 1.222 rad. As can be seen from this, K1 is less than or equal to 0.0153. In other words, the relative coloring coefficient α of the signal pass region (111) for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm (905nm)The rate of change for different angles of incidence θ is relatively small, and the dependence of P-polarization on the angle of incidence θ is relatively small, which helps to increase the adaptability of the angle of incidence of P-polarization within a predetermined angle range, and further helps to increase the detection accuracy of the laser radar system (120).

[0049] Next, using Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 as examples, the signal passing area (111) of the front windshield glass (110) of the present embodiment is tested for P-polarized light transmittance with a wavelength of 905 nm, and the test results are as shown in Table 1 below.

[0050] The outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20) of the front windbreak glass (110) used in Comparative Example 1 are both ordinary transparent glass plates, and the thickness of both the outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20) is 2.1 mm. The intermediate adhesive layer (40) is made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer (40) is 0.76 mm. When P-polarized light is incident perpendicularly, the signal passing region (111) of the front windbreak glass (110) of Comparative Example 1 has a relative coloring coefficient α for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm. (905nm) It is 0.1421.

[0051] In the front windshield glass (110) used in Example 1, the outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20) are both ultra-transparent glass plates, and the thickness of both the outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20) is 2.1 mm. The intermediate adhesive layer (40) is made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer (40) is 0.76 mm. When P-polarized light is incident perpendicularly, the signal passing region (111) of the front windshield glass (110) of Example 1 has a relative coloring coefficient α for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm. (905nm) It is 0.0152.

[0052] Table 1: P-polarized transmittance of the signal pass region of the front windshield glass used in Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm

[0053]

[0054] In Table 1 above, as an evaluation criterion, if the P-polarization transmittance is less than 83%, it is evaluated as poor (negative, NG); if the P-polarization transmittance is 83% or more and less than 90%, it is evaluated as good (OK); and if the P-polarization transmittance is greater than or equal to 90%, it is evaluated as excellent (GOOD). It should be understood that the P-polarization transmittance requirement for traditional laser radar systems is at least 83%, and even 90%.

[0055] As can be seen from Table 1 above, the P-polarization transmittance of the front windshield glass (110) used in Example 1 for P-polarization with a wavelength of 905 nm is superior to the P-polarization transmittance of the front windshield glass (110) used in Comparative Example 1 for P-polarization with a wavelength of 905 nm. In other words, by using ultra-transparent glass plates for both the outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20), the front windshield glass (110) is more advantageous for increasing the P-polarization transmittance for P-polarization with a wavelength of 905 nm.

[0056] Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, FIG. 4 is a P-polarization transmittance curve at different angles of incidence for the signal passing region of the front windshield glass used in Example 1, and the wavelength of P-polarization is within the range of 380 nm to 780 nm. FIG. 5 is a P-polarization transmittance curve at different angles of incidence for the signal passing region of the front windshield glass used in Example 1, and the wavelength of P-polarization is within the range of 800 nm to 1600 nm. In FIGS. 4 and 5, the horizontal coordinate represents the wavelength of P-polarization, the vertical coordinate represents the transmittance of P-polarization, and the angles of incidence are 0 rad, 0.942 rad, 1.047 rad, and 1.222 rad, respectively.

[0057] As can be seen in FIG. 5, when the wavelength of P-polarization is within the range of 800 nm to 1600 nm, the P-polarization transmittance of the signal passing area (111) of the front windshield glass (110) of Comparative Example 1 is basically 80% or less, whereas the P-polarization transmittance of the signal passing area (111) of the front windshield glass (110) used in Example 1 is basically 83% or more, and the P-polarization transmittance within some wavelength range is between 90% and 95%. In some embodiments, the relative color coefficient α (905nm) is less than or equal to 0.025, and the maximum rate of change of relative color coefficient K1 is less than or equal to 0.012. As can be seen from this, when both the outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20) use ultra-transparent glass plates, it is more advantageous to increase the P-polarization transmittance of the signal passing area (111) of the front windshield glass (110).

[0058] In another embodiment, the wavelength of the P-polarized light emitted by the laser irradiator of the laser radar system (120) is 1550 nm. The infrared high-transmittance material used for the light-transmitting portion (41) includes at least one of EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer), POE (polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer), PC (polycarbonate), and PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate). In some other embodiments, the adhesive portion (42) may also be made of the same material as the light-transmitting portion (41), and the adhesive portion (42) and the light-transmitting portion (41) are molded integrally. In this embodiment, when the angle of incidence θ of the P-polarized light is 0.942 rad to 1.222 rad, the relative coloration coefficient for the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm in the signal-transmitting region (111) is α （1550nm） and α （1550nm）is less than or equal to 0.035. When the angle of incidence θ of the P-polarized light is 0 rad, that is, when the P-polarized light is incident perpendicularly, the relative coloring coefficient for the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm in the signal pass region (111) is α (1550nm) is less than or equal to 0.02.

[0059] In this embodiment, the signal passing region (111) at different incident angles is a relative coloring coefficient α for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm. (1550nm) Since all of them are relatively small, the signal pass area (111) has a relatively high P-polarization transmittance for P-polarization with a wavelength of 1550 nm, so it can satisfy the operating and detection distance requirements of the laser radar system (120).

[0060] Also, the relative coloring coefficient α of the signal pass region (111) for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm (1550nm) The maximum rate of change for different incident angles θ is K2, and K2 = 0.02 * θ + 0.002. The angle of incidence θ is between 0.942 rad and 1.222 rad. From this, it can be seen that K2 is less than or equal to 0.0264. In other words, the relative coloring coefficient α of the signal pass region (111) for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm (1550nm) The rate of change for different angles of incidence θ is relatively small, and the dependence of P-polarization on the angle of incidence θ is relatively small, which helps to increase the adaptability of the angle of incidence of P-polarization within a predetermined angle range, and further helps to increase the detection accuracy of the laser radar system (120).

[0061] Next, using Comparative Example 2 and Example 2 as examples, the signal passing area (111) of the front windshield glass (110) of the present embodiment is tested for P-polarized light transmittance with a wavelength of 1550 nm, and the test results are as shown in Table 2 below.

[0062] In the front windbreak glass (110) used in Comparative Example 2, the outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20) are both ordinary transparent glass plates, and the thickness of both the outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20) is 2.1 mm. The intermediate adhesive layer (40) is made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer (40) is 0.76 mm. When P-polarized light is incident perpendicularly, the signal passing region (111) of the front windbreak glass (110) of Comparative Example 2 is relative coloring coefficient α for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm. (1550nm) It is 0.1361.

[0063] In the front windshield glass (110) used in Example 2, the outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20) are both ultra-transparent glass plates, and the thickness of both the outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20) is 2.1 mm. The light-transmitting portion (41) of the intermediate adhesive layer (40) is made of EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer), and the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer (40) is 0.76 mm. When P-polarized light is incident perpendicularly, the signal-passing region (111) of the front windshield glass (110) of Example 2 has a relative coloring coefficient α for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm. (1550nm) It is 0.0178.

[0064] Table 2: P-polarized transmittance of the signal pass region of the front windshield glass used in Comparative Example 2 and Example 2 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm

[0065]

[0066] In Table 2 above, as an evaluation criterion, if the P-polarization transmittance is less than 83%, it is evaluated as poor (negative, NG); if the P-polarization transmittance is 83% or more and less than 90%, it is evaluated as good (OK); and if the P-polarization transmittance is greater than or equal to 90%, it is evaluated as excellent (GOOD).

[0067] As can be seen from Table 2 above, the P-polarization transmittance of the front windshield glass (110) used in Example 2 for P-polarization with a wavelength of 1550 nm is superior to the P-polarization transmittance of the front windshield glass (110) used in Comparative Example 2 for P-polarization with a wavelength of 1550 nm. In other words, since both the outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20) use ultra-transparent glass plates and the light-transmitting portion (41) of the intermediate adhesive layer (40) is made of EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer), the front windshield glass (110) is more advantageous for increasing the P-polarization transmittance for P-polarization with a wavelength of 1550 nm.

[0068] As can be seen in Table 2, when the wavelength of P-polarization is 1550 nm, the P-polarization transmittance of the signal passing area (111) of the front windshield glass (110) used in Comparative Example 2 is basically 80% or less, but the P-polarization transmittance of the signal passing area (111) of the front windshield glass (110) used in Example 2 is basically 83% or more, and the P-polarization transmittance within some wavelength range is between 90% and 95%. In some embodiments, the relative color coefficient α (1550nm) is less than or equal to 0.026, and the maximum rate of change of relative color coefficient K2 is less than or equal to 0.022. As can be seen from this, if both the outer layer glass (10) and the inner layer glass (20) use ultra-transparent glass plates, and the light-transmitting portion (41) of the intermediate adhesive layer (40) is made of EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer), it is more advantageous to increase the P-polarization transmittance of the signal-passing area (111) of the front windshield glass (110).

[0069] Referring to FIG. 6, FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the cross-sectional structure of another embodiment of the front windshield glass (110) shown in FIG. 1.

[0070] The difference between the front windbreak glass (110) of the present embodiment and the front windbreak glass (110) of the above embodiment is that the outer layer glass (10) may be transparent glass or ultra-transparent glass, and the inner layer glass (20) may be transparent glass or colored glass. The total iron content of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.08 wt%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is greater than or equal to 88%, thereby ensuring the visible light transmittance of the front windbreak glass (110). The total iron content of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%, and the visible light transmittance of the ultra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%. The total iron content of the colored glass is greater than or equal to 0.5 wt%. The visible light transmittance of the colored glass is greater than 70%.

[0071] A first through hole (401) is formed in the intermediate adhesive film (40), and the first through hole (401) corresponds to the signal passing area (111) and is also in communication with the light-transmitting hole (301). No other material is filled inside the first through hole (401). The inner diameter of the first through hole (401) is smaller than the inner diameter of the light-transmitting hole (301) to prevent the insulating film (30) from being exposed to the air, to protect the insulating film (30), to avoid the reaction between the silver ions of the insulating film (30) and the air, and to ensure the insulating effect of the insulating film (30). The central axis of the first through hole (401) is aligned with the central axis of the light-transmitting hole (301). The distance between the hole wall of the first through hole (401) and the hole wall of the light-transmitting hole (301) is a, and a is greater than or equal to 3 mm.

[0072] In some other embodiments, the first through hole (401) may also be filled with an infrared high transmittance material, and the infrared high transmittance material includes at least one of EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer), POE (polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer), PC (polycarbonate), and PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate).

[0073] A second through hole (201) is formed in the inner layer glass (20), and the second through hole (201) is in communication with the first through hole (401). The central axis of the second through hole (201) and the central axis of the first through hole (401) are aligned. The distance between the hole wall of the second through hole (201) and the hole wall of the first through hole (401) is b, where b is greater than or equal to -1 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm, and the sum of a and b is greater than or equal to 3 mm. In another embodiment, the distance b between the hole wall of the second through hole (201) and the hole wall of the first through hole (401) is greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm.

[0074] When the laser irradiator of the laser radar system (120) emits P-polarized light toward the front windshield glass (110), the P-polarized light is incident from the second through hole (201) of the inner layer glass (20), passes sequentially through the first through hole (401) of the intermediate adhesive film (40) and the light transmission hole (301) of the insulating film (30), and then is emitted from the outer layer glass (10). As can be seen from this, the material of the outer layer glass (10) can affect the P-polarized light transmittance of the signal transmission area (111) of the front windshield glass (110).

[0075] In one embodiment, the wavelength of the P-polarized light emitted by the laser irradiator of the laser radar system (120) is 905 nm. In this embodiment, when the angle of incidence θ of the P-polarized light is 0.942 rad to 1.222 rad, the signal pass region (111) is relative coloring coefficient α for the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm. (905nm) is less than or equal to 0.05. When the angle of incidence θ of the P-polarized light is 0 rad, that is, when the P-polarized light is incident perpendicularly, the relative coloring coefficient for the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm in the signal pass region (111) is α (905nm) is less than or equal to 0.04. As can be seen from this, in this embodiment, the signal passing region (111) at different incident angles is relative coloring coefficient α for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm. (905nm) Since all of them are relatively small, the signal pass area (111) has a relatively high P-polarization transmittance for P-polarization with a wavelength of 905 nm, so it can satisfy the operating and detection distance requirements of the laser radar system (120).

[0076] Also, the relative coloring coefficient α of the signal pass region (111) for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm (905nm) The maximum rate of change for different incident angles θ is K3, and K3 = 0.015 * θ + 0.0035. The angle of incidence θ is between 0.942 rad and 1.222 rad. From this, it can be seen that K3 is less than or equal to 0.0218. In other words, the relative coloring coefficient α of the signal pass region (111) for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm (905nm) The rate of change for different angles of incidence θ is relatively small, and the dependence of P-polarization on the angle of incidence θ is relatively small, which helps to increase the adaptability of the angle of incidence of P-polarization within a predetermined angle range.

[0077] Next, using Examples 3 and 4 as examples, the signal passing area (111) of the front windshield glass (110) of the present embodiment is tested for P-polarized light transmittance with a wavelength of 905 nm, and the test results are as shown in Table 3 below.

[0078] The outer layer glass (10) of the front windshield glass (110) used in Example 3 is transparent glass. The outer layer glass (10) of the front windshield glass (110) used in Example 4 is ultra-transparent glass, and the thickness of the outer layer glass (10) is 2.1 mm. When P-polarized light is incident perpendicularly, the signal pass region (111) of the front windshield glass (110) of Example 3 has a relative coloring coefficient α for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm. (905nm) is 0.0369. When P-polarized light is incident perpendicularly, the signal passing region (111) of the front windshield glass (110) of Example 4 has a relative coloring coefficient α for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm. (905nm) It is 0.0045.

[0079] Table 3: P-polarized transmittance for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm for the signal pass region of the front windshield used in Examples 3 and 4

[0080]

[0081] In Table 3 above, as an evaluation criterion, if the P-polarization transmittance is less than 83%, it is evaluated as poor (negative, NG); if the P-polarization transmittance is 83% or more and less than 90%, it is evaluated as good (OK); and if the P-polarization transmittance is greater than or equal to 90%, it is evaluated as excellent (GOOD).

[0082] As can be seen from Table 3 above, the front windshield glass (110) used in Examples 3 and 4 has a P-polarized transmittance of 85% or more for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 905 nm, and even 95% or more. In some embodiments, the relative color coefficient α (905nm)is less than or equal to 0.049, and the maximum rate of change of the relative coloring coefficient K3 is less than or equal to 0.018. In some embodiments, the relative coloring coefficient α (905nm) is less than or equal to 0.01, and the maximum rate of change of relative color coefficient K3 is less than or equal to 0.015. Compared to Comparative Example 2, the design of the first through hole (401) and the second through hole (201) in Examples 3 and 4 is advantageous for increasing the P-polarization transmittance of the front windshield glass (110) for P-polarization with a wavelength of 905 nm.

[0083] In another embodiment, the wavelength of the P-polarized light emitted by the laser irradiator of the laser radar system (120) is 1550 nm. When the angle of incidence θ of the P-polarized light is 0.942 rad to 1.222 rad, the relative coloring coefficient of the signal pass region (111) for the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is α （1550nm） and α （1550nm） is less than or equal to 0.06. When the angle of incidence θ of the P-polarized light is 0 rad, that is, when the P-polarized light is incident perpendicularly, the relative coloring coefficient of the signal pass region (111) for the P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm is α (1550nm) is less than or equal to 0.04.

[0084] In this embodiment, the signal passing region (111) at different incident angles is a relative coloring coefficient α for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm. (1550nm) Since all of them are relatively small, the P-polarization transmittance for P-polarization with a wavelength of 1550 nm in the signal pass area (111) is relatively high, so the operating and detection distance requirements of the laser radar system (120) can be satisfied.

[0085] Also, the relative coloring coefficient α of the signal pass region (111) for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm (1550nm)The maximum rate of change for different incident angles θ is K4, and K4 = 0.028 * θ - 0.001. The angle of incidence θ is between 0.942 rad and 1.222 rad. From this, it can be seen that K4 is less than or equal to 0.0332. In other words, the relative coloring coefficient α of the signal pass region (111) for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm (1550nm) The rate of change for different angles of incidence θ is relatively small, and the dependence of P-polarization on the angle of incidence is relatively small, which helps to increase the adaptability of the angle of incidence of P-polarization within a predetermined angle range, and further helps to increase the detection accuracy of the laser radar system (120).

[0086] Next, using Examples 5 and 6 as examples, the signal passing region (111) of the front windshield glass (110) of this embodiment is tested for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm, and the test results are as shown in Table 4 below. The outer layer glass (10) of Example 5 is transparent glass, and the outer layer glass (10) of Example 6 is ultra-transparent glass. When P-polarized light is incident perpendicularly, the signal passing region (111) of the front windshield glass (110) of Example 5 has a relative color coefficient α for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm. (1550nm) is 0.0383. When P-polarized light is incident perpendicularly, the signal passing area (111) of the front windshield glass (110) of Example 6 has a relative coloring coefficient α for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm. (1550nm) It is 0.0006.

[0087] Table 4: P-polarized transmittance of the signal pass region of the front windshield used in Examples 5 and 6 for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm

[0088]

[0089] In Table 4 above, as an evaluation criterion, if the P-polarization transmittance is less than 83%, it is evaluated as poor (negative, NG); if the P-polarization transmittance is 83% or more and less than 90%, it is evaluated as good (OK); and if the P-polarization transmittance is greater than or equal to 90%, it is evaluated as excellent (GOOD).

[0090] As can be seen from Table 4 above, the front windshield glass (110) used in Examples 5 and 6 has a P-polarized transmittance of 83% or more for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm, and even 95% or more. In some embodiments, the relative color coefficient α (1550nm) is less than or equal to 0.055, and the maximum rate of change of the relative coloring coefficient K4 is less than or equal to 0.03. In some embodiments, the relative coloring coefficient α (1550nm) is less than or equal to 0.01, and the maximum rate of change of relative color coefficient K4 is less than or equal to 0.022. Compared to Comparative Example 2, the design of the first through hole (401) and the second through hole (201) in Examples 5 and 6 is advantageous for the front windshield glass (110) to increase the P-polarized light transmittance for P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550 nm.

[0091] Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, FIG. 7 is a P-polarization transmittance curve at different angles of incidence for the signal passing regions of the front windshield glass used in Examples 4 and 6, and the wavelength of P-polarization is within the range of 380 nm to 780 nm. FIG. 8 is a P-polarization transmittance curve at different angles of incidence for the signal passing regions of the front windshield glass used in Examples 4 and 6, and the wavelength of P-polarization is within the range of 800 nm to 1600 nm. The horizontal coordinate represents the wavelength of P-polarization, and the vertical coordinate represents the transmittance of P-polarization, and the angles of incidence are 0 rad, 0.942 rad, 1.047 rad, and 1.222 rad, respectively.

[0092] As can be seen in FIG. 8, when the wavelength of the P-polarization is within the range of 800 nm to 1600 nm, the P-polarization transmittance of the signal passing area (111) of the front windshield glass (110) of Examples 4 and 6 is basically 88% or more, and even 95% or more. As can be seen from this, when the incident angle is 0 rad, 0.942 rad, 1.047 rad, and 1.222 rad, the design of the first through hole (401) and the second through hole (201) in the front windshield glass (110) is advantageous for increasing the P-polarization transmittance of the front windshield glass (110) for P-polarization with wavelengths of 905 nm and 1550 nm.

[0093] In the vehicle (100) of the embodiment of the present application, a laser radar system (120) is mounted inside the vehicle (100), and the structure and material of the front windshield (110) are designed to reduce the absorption and reflection attenuation of P-polarized light of the front windshield (110), ensure a high transmittance of P-polarized light of the front windshield (110), ensure that the operation efficiency of the laser radar system (120) is not affected, and ensure not only the detection range of the laser radar system (120) but also the aesthetics of the vehicle. In addition, the transparency of the detection light path of the laser radar system (120) can be increased by using the vehicle's (100) unique wiper system to assist in cleaning the front windshield (110).

[0094] The foregoing describes merely specific methods of implementation of the present application, and the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can readily conceive of variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, and all of these should be included within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the claims.

Claims

Claim 1 As a front windshield, the front windshield is mounted on a vehicle and used in combination with a laser radar system located inside the vehicle, the laser radar system is used for at least one of emitting and receiving P-polarized light, the wavelength λ of the P-polarized light is within the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1600 nm, the front windshield comprises an outer layer glass, an inner layer glass, and an intermediate adhesive film, the intermediate adhesive film is located between the outer layer glass and the inner layer glass, the front windshield has a signal pass region, the P-polarized light is incident on the signal pass region at an angle of incidence θ of 0.942 rad to 1.222 rad, the signal pass region has a transmittance greater than or equal to 83% with respect to the incident P-polarized light, and the signal pass region has a relative color coefficient α less than or equal to 0.06 with respect to the P-polarized light incident at an angle of incidence θ. (λ) It has, and α (λ) =(TL (380nm-780nm) -TL (λ) ) / TTL (380nm-780nm) Igo, TL (380nm-780nm) is the P-polarized transmittance for P-polarized light where the signal pass region is within the wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm, and TL (λ) is the P-polarized transmittance for P-polarized light with wavelength λ in the above signal pass region, and TL (380nm-780nm) and TL (λ) A front windshield characterized by being greater than or equal to 83%. Claim 2 A front windshield glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal passing region has a relative color coefficient less than or equal to 0.04 for P-polarized light incident at an angle of incidence of 0 rad. Claim 3 In claim 1, the wavelength λ of the P-polarization is 905 nm, and the relative coloring coefficient α (905nm) A front windshield glass characterized by being less than or equal to 0.

028. Claim 4 In claim 3, the relative coloring coefficient α (905nm) A front windshield glass characterized by the maximum rate of change K1 and the angle of incidence θ satisfying K1=0.006*θ+0.

008. Claim 5 In claim 1, the wavelength λ of the P-polarization is 1550 nm, and the relative coloring coefficient α (1550nm) A front windshield glass characterized by being less than or equal to 0.

035. Claim 6 In claim 5, the relative coloring coefficient α (1550nm) A front windshield glass characterized by the maximum rate of change K2 and the angle of incidence θ satisfying K2 = 0.02 * θ + 0.

002. Claim 7 In claim 1, the front windbreak glass further comprises an insulating film and an electric heating film, wherein the insulating film and the electric heating film are located between the outer layer glass and the inner layer glass, and the insulating film and the electric heating film are not installed in the signal passing area, and the front windbreak glass comprising the insulating film has a solar energy transmittance less than or equal to 50%, or the front windbreak glass comprising the electric heating film has a transmittance of 400 W / m² 2 Front windshield glass characterized by having a heating power density greater than or equal to. Claim 8 A front windshield glass according to claim 1, wherein both the outer layer glass and the inner layer glass are ultra-transparent glass, the total iron content of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%, the visible light transmittance of the ultra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%, and the signal passing region has a relative color coefficient less than or equal to 0.02 for P-polarized light incident at an angle of incidence of 0 rad. Claim 9 A front windshield glass according to claim 8, wherein the intermediate adhesive film has a first through hole corresponding to the signal passing area, and the first through hole may not be filled with another material or may be filled with an infrared high transmittance material, and the infrared high transmittance material comprises at least one of EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer), POE (polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer), PC (polycarbonate), and PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate). Claim 10 A front windshield glass according to claim 1, wherein the outer layer glass is transparent glass or ultra-transparent glass, the inner layer glass is transparent glass or colored glass, and the inner layer glass has a second through hole corresponding to the signal passing area, the total iron content of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.08 wt%, the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is greater than or equal to 88%, the total iron content of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%, the visible light transmittance of the ultra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%, the total iron content of the colored glass is greater than or equal to 0.5 wt%, and the visible light transmittance of the colored glass is greater than 70%. Claim 11 A front windshield glass according to claim 10, wherein the intermediate adhesive film has a first through hole corresponding to the signal passing area, and the first through hole may not be filled with another material or may be filled with an infrared high transmittance material, and the infrared high transmittance material comprises at least one of EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer), POE (polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer), PC (polycarbonate), and PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate). Claim 12 A front windbreak glass according to claim 11, characterized in that the central axis of the first through hole and the second through hole is joined, the distance between the hole wall of the second through hole and the hole wall of the first through hole is b, and -1mm≤b≤2mm. Claim 13 In claim 10, the wavelength λ of the P-polarization is 905 nm, and the relative coloring coefficient α (905nm) is less than or equal to 0.05, and the above relative coloring coefficient α (905nm) A front windshield glass characterized by the maximum rate of change K3 and the angle of incidence θ satisfying K3 = 0.015 * θ + 0.0035. Claim 14 In claim 10, the wavelength λ of the P-polarization is 1550 nm, and the relative coloring coefficient α (1550nm) is less than or equal to 0.06, and the above relative coloring coefficient α (1550nm) A front windshield glass characterized by the maximum rate of change K4 and the angle of incidence θ satisfying K4 = 0.028 * θ - 0.

001. Claim 15 A vehicle comprising a laser radar system and a front windshield as described in any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the laser radar system is located inside the vehicle and the laser radar system is used in at least one of emitting and receiving P-polarized light. Claim 16 delete Claim 17 delete Claim 18 delete Claim 19 delete Claim 20 delete

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